How to Treat Scalp Eczema — Dermatologist Tips

Psoriasis, which is an inflammatory condition that can affect the skin and joints, may also manifest itself on the scalp as an itchy, flaky scalp. “Topical steroids, vitamin D analogues, and tar-based shampoos are the mainstay of therapy, but sometimes systemic medicines or local injections are needed,” Finney says. To find out whether you have psoriasis or dandruff, he advises seeking a dermatologist for an exam.

What causes it?

As with eczema found elsewhere on your body, it depends. “The cause can range from underlying medical conditions like Parkinson’s to an allergic reaction to a hair dye,” Idriss explains.

If the scalp rash is caused by an allergen that touches your skin, it’s referred to as allergic contact dermatitis. “It’s generally coming from a shampoo conditioner, dry shampoo, hairspray, or products that you’re using that are creating a reaction,” Connecticut-based board-certified dermatologist Mona Gohara says. When patients come to her about their scalp eczema, the first thing she finds out is whether they’ve been using any new or different hair-care products — or have recently dyed their hair.

Dandruff, one of the common symptoms of scalp irritation, can also be a result of underlying medical conditions that can disrupt the microbiome of the skin. People who suffer from dandruff generally produce too much sebum in their scalp due to a genus of fungi called Malassezia, which is naturally found in your skin microbiome, but wreaks havoc when there is too much of the fungi producing oleic acid waste.

“Especially when the weather is warmer and more humid, and sweating causes oil to become trapped on the skin,” New York City-based board-certified dermatologist Joshua Zeichner explains. “This creates an environment that allows for overgrowth of yeast, driving inflammation.” People with Parkinson’s disease, for example, can develop oilier-than-usual skin on their face and scalp, which can lead to seborrheic dermatitis.

Unfortunately, when looking for soothing solutions, don’t reach for the hydrating conditioner right away. “Many people see flakes on the skin and think that they need to apply moisturizers or oils,” Zeichner says. “However, this actually can make matters worse, allowing even more yeast to grow in the oily environment.”

Should I treat scalp eczema differently than I would eczema on my body?

It’s less about treating scalp irritation differently from eczema on the rest of your body than figuring out whether your symptoms triggered by irritants or by underlying medical conditions that disrupt your skin’s balance. That can be difficult to figure out without seeking professional advice from a dermatologist. “Avoiding triggers is essential to minimize worsening of symptoms,” Idriss explains. “Hence, the importance of seeking help from a board-certified dermatologist who can help you narrow down the cause through various testing methods — in particular, patch-testing. ”

Diagnosis and Treatment of Seborrheic Dermatitis

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Seborrheic Dermatitis: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

Seborrheic Dermatitis – Dermatologic Disorders

Treatment of seborrheic dermatitis of the scalp should include shampooing at least twice a week, because less frequent shampooing enables proliferation of Malassezia. Antifungal shampoos (eg, ketoconazole 2% or 1%) are highly effective in controlling the dandruff of seborrheic dermatitis. Keratolytic shampoos (zinc pyrithione, selenium sulfide, or sulfur and salicylic acid) and tar shampoos (available over the counter in the US) used daily or every other day until dandruff is controlled and twice/week thereafter are also helpful. If antifungals and keratolytics fail to sufficiently relieve pruritus, topical corticosteroid solutions (eg, 0.01% fluocinolone acetonide solution) are used. Although the scalp is one of the areas least susceptible to the adverse effects of topical corticosteroids (eg, telangiectasia, atrophy, folliculitis, acne, striae distensae), adverse effects can occur with long-term use, so topical corticosteroids should be used only as needed. Because seborrheic dermatitis tends to be chronic and often recurs with cessation of treatment, long-term use of antifungal shampoos (eg, once or twice weekly) is often required. Seborrheic dermatitis in beard and eyebrow areas is treated similarly to seborrheic dermatitis of the scalp. However, beard and eyebrow areas are more prone to the adverse effects of topical corticosteroids. Thus, corticosteroids should be used less frequently, and lower potency corticosteroid solutions (eg, 0.025% triamcinolone) should be used when possible.

For seborrheic dermatitis in nonterminal hair-bearing areas (eg, nasolabial folds, postauricular areas, sternum), treatment is similar. However, creams (which are typically not acceptable in hair-bearing areas) are preferred to solutions. For milder cases, 2% ketoconazole cream or other topical imidazoles applied twice daily are often sufficient. If not, mild topical corticosteroids (1 to 2.5% hydrocortisone cream, 0.2% hydrocortisone valerate cream) are applied twice daily. Higher potency topical corticosteroids are typically not required and should only be used short-term, if at all, because of the susceptibility of facial skin to the adverse effects of corticosteroids (eg, telangiectasia, atrophy, folliculitis/acne, perioral dermatitis). Calcineurin inhibitors (pimecrolimus and tacrolimus) are also effective, particularly when long-term use is necessary and antifungals alone are not sufficiently effective.

Atopic eczema symptoms & treatments – Illnesses & conditions

There is no cure for atopic eczema, but treatments can ease the symptoms. Many children find their symptoms naturally improve as they get older.

The main treatments for atopic eczema are:

• emollients (moisturisers) – used every day to stop the skin becoming dry
• topical corticosteroids– creams and ointments used to reduce swelling and redness during flare-ups

Other treatments include topical pimecrolimus or tacrolimus for eczema in sensitive sites not responding to simpler treatment, antihistamines for severe itching, bandages or special body suits to allow the body to heal underneath, or more powerful treatments offered by a dermatologist (skin specialist).

The various treatments for atopic eczema are outlined below. 

Self care

As well as the treatments mentioned above, there are things you can do yourself to help ease your symptoms and prevent further problems.  

Try to reduce the damage from scratching

Eczema is often itchy and it can be very tempting to scratch the affected areas of skin. But scratching usually damages the skin, which can itself cause more eczema to occur.

The skin eventually thickens into leathery areas as a result of chronic scratching. Deep scratching also causes bleeding and increases the risk of your skin becoming infected or scarred.

Try to reduce scratching whenever possible. You could try gently rubbing your skin with your fingers instead. If your baby has atopic eczema, anti-scratch mittens may stop them scratching their skin.

Keep your nails short and clean to minimise damage to the skin from unintentional scratching. Keep your skin covered with light clothing to reduce damage from habitual scratching.

Avoid triggers

Your pharmacist will work with you to establish what might trigger the eczema flare-ups, although it may get better or worse for no obvious reason.

Once you know your triggers, you can try to avoid them.  For example:

• if certain fabrics irritate your skin, avoid wearing these and stick to soft, fine-weave clothing or natural materials such as cotton
• if heat aggravates your eczema, keep the rooms in your home cool, especially the bedroom
• avoid using soaps or detergents that may affect your skin – use soap substitutes instead

Although some people with eczema are allergic to house dust mites, trying to rid your home of them isn’t recommended as it can be difficult and there is no clear evidence that it helps.

Read more about preventing allergies.

Dietary changes

Some foods, such as eggs and cows’ milk, can trigger eczema symptoms. However, you should not make significant changes to your diet without first speaking to your pharmacist or GP.

It may not be healthy to cut these foods from your diet, especially in young children who need the calcium, calories and protein from these foods.

If your GP suspects you have a food allergy, you may be referred to a dietitian (a specialist in diet and nutrition), who can help work out a way to avoid the food you’re allergic to while ensuring you still get all the nutrition you need.

Alternatively, you may be referred to a hospital specialist such as an immunologist, dermatologist or paediatrician.

If you are breastfeeding a baby with atopic eczema, get medical advice before making any changes to your regular diet.

Emollients

Emollients are moisturising treatments applied directly to the skin to reduce water loss and cover it with a protective film. They are often used to help manage dry or scaly skin conditions such as atopic eczema.

In addition to making the skin feel less dry, they may also have a mild anti-inflammatory role, and can help reduce the number of flare-ups you have.

Choosing an emollient

Several different emollients are available. You may need to try a few to find one that works for you. You may also be advised to use a mix of emollients, such as:

• an ointment for very dry skin
• a cream or lotion for less dry skin
• an emollient to use instead of soap
• an emollient to add to bath water or use in the shower
• one emollient to use on your face and hands, and a different one to use on your body

The difference between lotions, creams and ointments is the amount of oil they contain. Ointments contain the most oil so they can be quite greasy, but are the most effective at keeping moisture in the skin.

Lotions contain the least amount of oil so are not greasy, but can be less effective. Creams are somewhere in between.

If you have been using a particular emollient for some time, it may eventually become less effective or may start to irritate your skin.

If this is the case, your pharmacist will be able to recommend another product that suits you better. The best emollient is the one you feel happy using every day.

How to use emollients

Use your emollient all the time, even if you are not experiencing symptoms. Many people find it helpful to keep separate supplies of emollients at work or school, or a tub in the bathroom and one in a living area.

To apply the emollient:

• use a large amount
• don’t rub it in – smooth it into the skin in the same direction the hair grows instead
• after a bath or shower, gently pat the skin dry and apply the emollient while the skin is still moist to keep the moisture in

You should use an emollient at least twice a day if you can, or more often if you have very dry skin.

During a flare-up, apply generous amounts of emollient more frequently, but remember to treat inflamed skin with a topical corticosteroid as emollients used on their own are not enough to control it.

Don’t put your fingers into an emollient pot – use a spoon or pump dispenser instead, as this reduces the risk of infection. And never share your emollient with other people.

Topical corticosteroids

If your skin is sore and inflamed, your pharmacist may recommend a topical corticosteroid (applied directly to your skin), which can reduce the inflammation within a few days.

Topical corticosteroids can be prescribed in different strengths, depending on the severity of your atopic eczema and the areas of skin affected.

They can be very mild (such as hydrocortisone), moderate (such as clobetasone butyrate), or even stronger (such as mometasone).

If you need to use corticosteroids frequently, see your GP regularly so they can check the treatment is working effectively and you are using the right amount.

How to use topical corticosteroids

Don’t be afraid to apply the treatment to affected areas to control your eczema. Unless instructed otherwise by your doctor, follow the directions on the patient information leaflet that comes with your medication. This will give details of how much to apply.

Most people will only have to apply it once a day as there is no evidence there is any benefit to applying it more often.

When using a topical corticosteroid:

• apply your emollient first and ideally wait around 30 minutes until the emollient has soaked into your skin, or apply the corticosteroid at a different time of day (such as at night)
• apply the recommended amount of the topical corticosteroid to the affected area
• continue to use it until 48 hours after the flare-up has cleared so the inflammation under the skin surface is treated

Occasionally, your doctor may suggest using a topical corticosteroid less frequently, but over a longer period of time. This is designed to help prevent flare-ups.

This is sometimes called “weekend treatment”, where a person who has already gained control of their eczema uses the topical corticosteroid every weekend on the trouble sites to prevent them becoming active again.

Side effects

Topical corticosteroids may cause a mild stinging sensation for less than a minute as you apply them.

In rare cases, they may also cause:

• thinning of the skin – especially if the strong steroids are used in the wrong places, such as the face, for too long (for example, several weeks)
• changes in skin colour – usually, skin lightening after many months of using very strong steroids, but most lightening after eczema is a “footprint” of old inflammation and nothing to do with treatments
• acne(spots) – especially when used on the face in teenagers
• increased hair growth

Most of these side effects will improve once treatment stops.

Generally, using a strong topical corticosteroid for many months, using them in sensitive areas such as the face, armpits or groin, or using a large amount will increase your risk of side effects. For this reason, you should be prescribed the weakest effective treatment to control your symptoms.

Antihistamines 

Antihistamines are a type of medicine that blocks the effects of a substance in the blood called histamine. They can help relieve the itching associated with atopic eczema.

They can either be sedating, which cause drowsiness, or non-sedating. If you have severe itching, your pharmacist may suggest trying a non-sedating antihistamine.

If itching during a flare-up affects your sleep, your pharmacist may suggest taking a sedating antihistamine. Sedating antihistamines can cause drowsiness into the following day, so it may be helpful to let your child’s school know they may not be as alert as normal.

Bandages and wet wraps

In some cases, your GP may prescribe special medicated bandages, clothing or wet wraps to wear over areas of skin affected by eczema. 

These can either be used over emollients or with topical corticosteroids to prevent scratching, allow the skin underneath to heal, and stop the skin drying out.

Corticosteroid tablets

Corticosteroid tablets are rarely used to treat atopic eczema nowadays, but may occasionally be prescribed for short periods of 5 to 7 days to help bring particularly severe flare-ups under control.

Longer courses of treatment are generally avoided because of the risk of potentially serious side effects.

If your GP thinks your condition may be severe enough to benefit from repeated or prolonged treatment with corticosteroid tablets, they will probably refer you to a specialist.

Seeing a specialist

In some cases, your GP may refer you to a specialist in treating skin conditions (dermatologist).

You may be referred if your GP is not sure what type of eczema you have, normal treatment is not your eczema, your eczema is affecting your daily life, or it’s not clear what is causing it.

A dermatologist may be able to offer the following:

• a thorough review of your existing treatment – to make sure you are using enough of the right things at the right times
• topical calcineurin inhibitors – creams and ointments that suppress your immune system, such as pimecrolimus and tacrolimus
• very strong topical corticosteroids
• bandages or wet wraps
• phototherapy – ultraviolet (UV) light that reduces inflammation
• immunosuppressant tablets – to suppress your immune system, such as azathioprine, ciclosporin and methotrexate
• alitretinoin – medicine to treat severe eczema affecting the hands in adults

A dermatologist may also offer additional support to help you use your treatments correctly, such as demonstrations from nurse specialists, and they may be able to refer you for psychological support if you feel you need it.

Seborrheic Dermatitis and the Link to Hair Loss

Seborrheic dermatitis, also called seborrheic eczema, is a chronic skin condition that predominantly affects the scalp, damages the hair follicles and hinders hair growth. Seborrheic dermatitis is a fungal disease, and it’s among the many different dermatitis skin conditions.

“Seborrhea” characterizes chronic inflammatory conditions that cause scaly skin and oily skin due to excessive sebum production by the sebaceous glands. 

Hair loss is closely associated with seborrheic dermatitis because increased sebum production can create irritation and inflammation on the scalp, which can cause intense itchiness. Scratching the scalp can damage hair follicles, which obstructs natural hair growth, causing hair to fall out. 

Excess sebum production can also cause an imbalance in Malassezia on the skin. Malassezia is a type of naturally-occurring yeast that can cause inflammation and further damage to hair follicles if produced in excess and left untreated. Just like increased sebum production, increased Malassezia production can cause hair loss. 

Cause of Seborrheic Dermatitis

There is no direct cause of seborrheic dermatitis, as this condition often develops in people who are otherwise healthy. Although, there are a few risk factors that may increase a person’s chances of developing this chronic condition:

• Weakened immune system
• Various medications
• Chronic stress
• Genetics
• Pre-existing conditions, including psoriasis, HIV, acne, rosacea, Parkinson disease, depression, alcoholism, eating disorders, recovery from stroke or heart attack

Symptoms of Seborrheic Dermatitis

Seborrheic dermatitis has a direct impact on the scalp and the hair follicles’ ability to produce hair naturally. Because this condition causes the sebaceous glands to secrete more sebum than usual, the symptoms are each a byproduct of excessive oil on the skin and within the hair follicles.

Common symptoms include:

• Scaly skin (sometimes referred to as a “cradle cap” when present in infants)
• Flaking skin
• Greasy patches of skin on the head
• Dandruff
• Itchy scalp
• Rash on the scalp
• Redness on the skin
• Inflammation on the skin
• Thinning hair
• Hair loss

How is Seborrheic Dermatitis Treated?

To effectively treat the unpleasant symptoms of this skin condition, the condition itself has to be treated. Treating hair loss, hair thinning and flaking skin without treating the source of these symptoms (the fungal infection) can exacerbate this condition and make the symptoms worse.

There are a number of available treatment options to cure seborrheic dermatitis, including over-the-counter antifungal medications, natural treatment methods, and prescription medications. 

Over-the-Counter & Natural Treatments

Pyrithione zinc can be an effective treatment for seborrheic dermatitis. This ingredient has antifungal, antibacterial properties. Pyrithione zinc is often infused into shampoos to treat dandruff by eliminating the fungi that cause itchy, flaky skin. It’s also available in creams and face washes, depending on the location of the irritated skin. 

The potential side effects of pyrithione zinc include a stinging or burning sensation on the scalp and skin peeling. 

Selenium Sulfide, another antifungal agent, can treat seborrheic dermatitis by eliminating Malassezia yeast and reducing skin inflammation. This treatment is also available in medicated shampoos, creams, face washes, and body washes. 

The potential side effects of selenium sulfide include skin irritation, oiliness, dryness, and increased hair loss. 

Ketoconazole is a highly-effective agent used to treat fungal infections on the skin. This ingredient is a considerably strong antifungal medication that stops and prevents the growth of fungi, specifically the ones that cause seborrheic dermatitis flare-ups.  

The potential side effects of ketoconazole include nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, dizziness, headaches, and skin rash. 

Salicylic acid can soften the scales on the head caused by irregular sebum production. Salicylic acid is an ingredient found in many dandruff shampoos. Although there isn’t much data to support salicylic acid as a treatment for seborrheic dermatitis on its own, it’s often combined with other ingredients in medicated shampoos to treat scaly scalp.

The potential side effects of using salicylic acid topically include burning or itching sensation on the skin, and peeling skin.

Medicated shampoo is the predominant treatment method for seborrheic dermatitis. Because this skin condition mainly affects the scalp, applying a medicated shampoo directly on the area can treat the infection and alleviate the symptoms. Medicated shampoos that include selenium sulfide, pyrithione zinc, ketoconazole or salicylic acid have proven effective for reducing dandruff, healing redness and inflammation, and relieving itching.

The potential side effects of medicated shampoo with antifungal agents (specifically ketoconazole) include skin itching or irritation, oiliness, and dryness on the scalp, abnormal hair texture, skin rash, and headache.

Topical corticosteroids have also proven highly effective for treating seborrheic dermatitis. These medications reduce inflammation, relieve erythema (red patches on the skin) and relieve itchy skin. Some corticosteroids have shown anti-inflammatory effects and antifungal properties. Topical corticosteroids typically come in creams and ointment solutions. 

The potential side effects of topical corticosteroids, specifically hydrocortisone, include skin redness and skin peeling, nausea, blistering skin, headache, dizziness, increased sweating, acne, and insomnia. 

Calcineurin inhibitor creams are immunomodulating agents known to treat seborrheic dermatitis. ‘Immunomodulating’ means this treatment acts directly on the immune system to reduce skin inflammation. Calcineurin inhibitors block the chemicals that trigger inflammation and cause redness and itchiness. (These medications have not been approved by the FDA.)

The potential side effects of calcineurin inhibitor creams include skin irritation, facial acne, skin redness, rosacea, and flushing of the face.  

What triggers a seborrheic dermatitis flare-up?

When seborrheic dermatitis flares up, it can cause increased redness, flaky rashes, and intense itchiness. Seborrheic dermatitis flare-ups can be rather hard to manage. These symptoms are uncomfortable and unpleasant for anyone experiencing them.

Flare-ups may be triggered by:

• Increased stress
• Cold weather
• Dry weather
• Hormonal changes
• Harsh ingredients (especially in detergent or soap)

Is seborrheic dermatitis treatable?

The condition itself is not treatable. Because seborrheic dermatitis is a chronic disease, it is likely to persist as a lifelong condition. Flare-ups may occur seasonally, or when a person experiences periods of stress. 

Although, the symptoms of this condition are treatable and hair can grow back. Over-the-counter medications and topical medications are available to cure the fungal infection on the skin to effectively treat the symptoms (like hair loss) caused by the infection.

Hair will grow back once the source of this symptom (inflammation) is treated, by way of antifungal medications and anti-inflammatory treatments.

The right treatment for each patient will depend on the patient’s lifestyle preferences, specific symptoms, and the severity of their condition. It’s important to consider the potential risks and side effects of each treatment method before deciding on a treatment option.

If you are experiencing the symptoms of seborrheic dermatitis, our dermatologists will work with you to create a personalized treatment plan that treats the source of your condition to effectively alleviate the associated symptoms.  

Throughout all of our UCF Health Services, it’s our goal to help you achieve your greatest quality of life. You shouldn’t have to live with irritated, flaking skin. Our Orlando dermatologists are here to help you weigh your options and decide on a treatment that reverses hair loss and cures the source of the condition.

Scalp Problems | Michigan Medicine

Topic Overview

Many people have hair or scalp problems. Hair may thin or fall out, break off, or grow slowly. Dandruff or an itching or peeling scalp may cause embarrassment and discomfort. Hair and scalp problems can be upsetting, but they usually are not caused by serious medical problems.

Hair loss

Hair loss, including thinning and breaking, is the most common scalp problem. Most people lose from 50 to 100 hairs per day.

Hair gradually thins as people age, although not all people are affected to the same degree. Hereditary thinning or balding is the most common cause of thinning hair. You can inherit this from either your mother’s or father’s side of the family. Women with this trait develop thinning hair, while men may become completely bald. The condition can start in the teens, 20s, or 30s.

Babies often lose their fine baby hair, which is then replaced by mature hair. Because of changes in hormones, women often lose hair for 1 to 6 months after childbirth or after breastfeeding is completed.

Other possible causes for excessive hair loss, thinning, or breakage include:

• Damage to the hair from hair care products, such as dyes and permanents, and from hot rollers, curling irons, or hair dryers.
• Hair-pulling or hair-twisting habits. Trichotillomania is a mental health problem in which a person pulls out his or her own hair, usually from the head, eyelashes, and eyebrows.
• Side effects of medicines or medical treatments, such as chemotherapy or radiation therapy.
• Recent surgery, high fever, or emotional stress. You may have a lot of hair loss 4 weeks to 3 months after severe physical or emotional stress. This type of hair loss usually stops within a few months.
• Diseases, such as lupus and hyperthyroidism.
• Heavy metal poisoning, such as thallium or arsenic poisoning.
• Poor nutrition, especially lack of protein or iron in the diet.
• Damage to the hair shafts from burns or other injuries.

Itching, flaking, or crusting of the scalp

Itching, flaking, or crusting of the scalp may be caused by:

• Cradle cap, an oily, yellow crusting on a baby’s scalp. It is common in babies and is not caused by an illness. It does not mean that a baby is not being well cared for. See a picture of cradle cap.
• Dandruff, a shedding of the skin on the scalp that leaves white flakes on the head, neck, and shoulders. It may be a form of a skin condition called eczema, which causes increased shedding of normal scalp skin cells. Dandruff can also be caused by a fungal infection. Hormonal or seasonal changes can make dandruff worse.
• Head lice, tiny wingless insects that cause itching and raw patches on the scalp. Head lice are most common in school-age children.
• Ringworm, a fungal infection of the outer layer of the scalp and in the hair. It usually causes a rash made up of circular patches with raised, red edges that resemble worms. The rash spreads from these edges, often leaving the center clear, giving it a ring shape.
• Ongoing (chronic) skin conditions, such as psoriasis and seborrhea.
• An uncommon, recurrent skin condition called lichen planus. This condition appears more often during stress, fatigue, or exposure to medicines or chemicals.

Sores, blisters, or bumps on the scalp

Painful sores, blisters, or bumps that develop on the scalp may be caused by:

Skin cancer can occur on the scalp, particularly in areas not well-covered by hair. It can destroy skin cells and tissues and, in some cases, spread (metastasize) to other parts of the body. Skin cancer may appear as a growth or mole, a change in a growth or mole, a sore that does not heal, or irritation of the skin. The three most common types of skin cancer are basal cell skin cancer, squamous cell skin cancer, and melanoma.

Treatment

The treatment for scalp problems depends on what is causing the problem.

Check Your Symptoms

Do you have a scalp problem?

This also includes hair loss.

How old are you?

Less than 12 years

Less than 12 years

12 years or older

12 years or older

Are you male or female?

Why do we ask this question?

• If you are transgender or nonbinary, choose the sex that matches the body parts (such as ovaries, testes, prostate, breasts, penis, or vagina) you now have in the area where you are having symptoms.
• If your symptoms aren’t related to those organs, you can choose the gender you identify with.
• If you have some organs of both sexes, you may need to go through this triage tool twice (once as “male” and once as “female”). This will make sure that the tool asks the right questions for you.

Do you think you may have a fever?

Are there red streaks leading away from the area or pus draining from it?

Do you have a health problem or take medicine that weakens your immune system?

What weakens the immune system in an adult or older child may be different than in a young child or baby.

Yes

Disease or medicine that causes immune system problems

No

Disease or medicine that causes immune system problems

Do you have a painful rash or painful blisters on your scalp?

Yes

Painful rash or blisters on scalp

No

Painful rash or blisters on scalp

Does your scalp itch; have red, flaky areas; or have crusty, oozing sores?

Yes

Scalp is itchy or flaky or has crusty sores

No

Scalp is itchy or flaky or has crusty sores

Is the itching and flaking severe, moderate, or mild?

Severe means that it is bad enough to interfere with sleep and your normal activities.

Severe

Severe itching or flaking

Moderate

Moderate itching or flaking

Mild

Mild itching or flaking

Have you tried home treatment for more than 2 days?

Yes

Home treatment for more than 2 days

No

Home treatment for more than 2 days

Is it helping?

Yes

Home treatment is helping

No

Home treatment is helping

Has there been a change in a mole or other skin spot?

Yes

Changes in mole or skin spot

No

Changes in mole or skin spot

Do you think that a medicine could be causing hair loss or the scalp problem?

Think about whether the problem started after you began using a new medicine or a higher dose of a medicine.

Yes

Medicine may be causing scalp problem or hair loss

No

Medicine may be causing scalp problem or hair loss

Are you concerned about hair loss or about your hair thinning or breaking?

Yes

Concern about hair loss, thinning, or breakage

No

Concern about hair loss, thinning, or breakage

Many things can affect how your body responds to a symptom and what kind of care you may need. These include:

• Your age. Babies and older adults tend to get sicker quicker.
• Your overall health. If you have a condition such as diabetes, HIV, cancer, or heart disease, you may need to pay closer attention to certain symptoms and seek care sooner.
• Medicines you take. Certain medicines, such as blood thinners (anticoagulants), medicines that suppress the immune system like steroids or chemotherapy, herbal remedies, or supplements can cause symptoms or make them worse.
• Recent health events, such as surgery or injury. These kinds of events can cause symptoms afterwards or make them more serious.
• Your health habits and lifestyle, such as eating and exercise habits, smoking, alcohol or drug use, sexual history, and travel.

Try Home Treatment

You have answered all the questions. Based on your answers, you may be able to take care of this problem at home.

• Try home treatment to relieve the symptoms.
• Call your doctor if symptoms get worse or you have any concerns (for example, if symptoms are not getting better as you would expect). You may need care sooner.

Symptoms of infection may include:

• Increased pain, swelling, warmth, or redness in or around the area.
• Red streaks leading from the area.
• Pus draining from the area.
• A fever.

Many prescription and nonprescription medicines can cause hair loss or thinning or other scalp problems. A few examples are:

• Medicines used to treat cancer (chemotherapy).
• Birth control pills.
• Seizure medicines.
• Amphetamines, such as dextroamphetamine (for example, Dexedrine) or methamphetamine.
• Vitamin A in high doses.

Certain health conditions and medicines weaken the immune system’s ability to fight off infection and illness. Some examples in adults are:

• Diseases such as diabetes, cancer, heart disease, and HIV/AIDS.
• Long-term alcohol and drug problems.
• Steroid medicines, which may be used to treat a variety of conditions.
• Chemotherapy and radiation therapy for cancer.
• Other medicines used to treat autoimmune disease.
• Medicines taken after organ transplant.
• Not having a spleen.

Certain health conditions and medicines weaken the immune system’s ability to fight off infection and illness. Some examples in children are:

• Diseases such as diabetes, cystic fibrosis, sickle cell disease, and congenital heart disease.
• Steroid medicines, which are used to treat a variety of conditions.
• Medicines taken after organ transplant.
• Chemotherapy and radiation therapy for cancer.
• Not having a spleen.

A change to a mole or other skin spot can mean that the spot has:

• Gotten bigger.
• Developed uneven borders.
• Gotten thicker, raised, or worn down.
• Changed color.
• Started to bleed easily.

Make an Appointment

Based on your answers, the problem may not improve without medical care.

• Make an appointment to see your doctor in the next 1 to 2 weeks.
• If appropriate, try home treatment while you are waiting for the appointment.
• If symptoms get worse or you have any concerns, call your doctor. You may need care sooner.

Seek Care Now

Based on your answers, you may need care right away. The problem is likely to get worse without medical care.

• Call your doctor now to discuss the symptoms and arrange for care.
• If you cannot reach your doctor or you don’t have one, seek care in the next hour.
• You do not need to call an ambulance unless:
  • You cannot travel safely either by driving yourself or by having someone else drive you.
  • You are in an area where heavy traffic or other problems may slow you down.

Seek Care Today

Based on your answers, you may need care soon. The problem probably will not get better without medical care.

• Call your doctor today to discuss the symptoms and arrange for care.
• If you cannot reach your doctor or you don’t have one, seek care today.
• If it is evening, watch the symptoms and seek care in the morning.
• If the symptoms get worse, seek care sooner.

Rash, Age 12 and Older

Rash, Age 11 and Younger

Home Treatment

Try one of the following home treatment measures to resolve a scalp problem.

• Try home treatment for dandruff, such as using an antidandruff shampoo for dandruff that causes white flakes on your head.
• Perform a skin self-exam to help identify suspicious scalp growths. Part your hair to look at your scalp. If you have trouble seeing your scalp, ask a friend or family member to check the spot for you.
• If your baby has yellow crusting on his or her scalp, try home treatment for cradle cap.
  • An hour before shampooing, rub your baby’s scalp with baby oil, mineral oil, or petroleum jelly to help lift the crusts and loosen scales.
  • When ready to shampoo, first get the scalp wet, then gently scrub the scalp with a soft-bristle brush (a soft toothbrush works well) for a few minutes to remove the scales. You can also try gently removing the scales with a fine-tooth comb.
  • Then wash the scalp with baby shampoo, rinse well, and gently towel dry.
• If your baby has a bald spot at the back or side of the scalp, change your baby’s position frequently. Lying in one position may be causing the bald spot.

There may be other things you can do at home for other kinds of scalp problems.

Symptoms to watch for during home treatment

Call your doctor if any of the following occur during home treatment:

Prevention

To maintain normal hair production, eat 2 to 3 servings of protein a day. Protein is found in meat, chicken, fish, eggs, some cheeses, dried beans, tofu, grains, and nuts. For more information, see the topic Healthy Eating.

Treat your hair gently. If your hair breaks easily:

• Shampoo, comb, and brush your hair less frequently.
• Use a cream rinse or conditioner after shampooing your hair. This will make your hair easier to comb and more manageable.
• Use wide-tooth combs and brushes with smooth tips.
• Avoid rough combing, brushing, or rubbing with a towel when your hair is wet. Wet hair is more fragile and thus more likely to break.
• Avoid hairstyles that pull on your hair, such as ponytails, cornrows, and braids. The constant pulling causes some hair loss, especially along the sides of the scalp. If you do use these hairstyles, avoid tight ponytails and braids. Alternate with looser hairstyles.
• Limit your use of curling irons, flat irons or straighteners, hot rollers, and hair dryers. If you use these products, use the low heat setting.
• Avoid chemical treatments until hair you have previously treated with chemicals has grown out.

To prevent head lice, do not share hats, combs, or other items. For more information, see the topic Head Lice.

To prevent skin cancer, protect your scalp (and the rest of your skin) from the sun.

• Limit your exposure to the sun, especially from 10:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m.
• Wear a wide-brimmed hat.
• Do not use tanning booths or sunlamps.

Preparing For Your Appointment

To prepare for your appointment, see the topic Making the Most of Your Appointment.

You can help your doctor diagnose and treat your condition by being prepared to answer the following questions:

• What are your main symptoms?
• How long have you had your symptoms?
• Have you had this problem in the past? If so, how was it treated? Did the treatment help?
• If you are concerned about hair loss or thinning, when did you last have what you consider a normal head of hair?
• Do you have a family history of hair loss?
• What are your hair care habits, such as using hair dyes?
• Question for women: Are you using a hormonal birth control method?
• What nonprescription and prescription medicines, including vitamins, have you taken in the last 6 months?
• Have you had any recent illness or surgery?
• Do you have any skin disorders or chronic illnesses?
• Do you think you may have been exposed to head lice or ringworm?
• Does anyone in your family have similar symptoms?
• Do you have any health risks?

Credits

Current as of: February 26, 2020

Author: Healthwise Staff
Medical Review: William H. Blahd Jr. MD, FACEP – Emergency Medicine
Adam Husney MD – Family Medicine
E. Gregory Thompson MD – Internal Medicine
Kathleen Romito MD – Family Medicine

Current as of: February 26, 2020

Author:
Healthwise Staff

Medical Review:William H. Blahd Jr. MD, FACEP – Emergency Medicine & Adam Husney MD – Family Medicine & E. Gregory Thompson MD – Internal Medicine & Kathleen Romito MD – Family Medicine

90,000 Treatment of eczema: causes, symptoms, types, cost of treatment

Trichologist, dermatologist, doctor of the highest category

Moskovsky prospect, 143

Dermatologist oncologist, doctor of the highest category

Grazhdansky prospect, 107, office 4

Dermatologist oncologist, doctor of the highest category

Grazhdansky prospect, 107, office 4

Kolomyazhsky prospect, 20

Dermatologist, specialist in laser technologies in oncodermatology, doctor of the highest category

Kolomyazhsky prospect, d.20

Dermatologist, specialist in laser technologies in oncodermatology, doctor of the highest category

Moskovsky prospect, 143

Dermatologist, specialist in laser technologies in oncodermatology

Moskovsky prospect, 143

Grazhdansky prospect, 107, office 4

Kolomyazhsky prospect, 20

Dermatovenereologist, trichologist, cosmetologist, laser technology specialist

Moskovsky prospect, d.143

Grazhdansky prospect, 107, office 4

Kolomyazhsky prospect, 20

Dermatovenereologist, trichologist, cosmetologist. Highest qualification category.

Moskovsky prospect, 143

Dermatologist, cosmetologist, Laser technology specialist in oncodermatology

Kolomyazhsky prospect, 20

Dermatovenereologist, specialist in laser technologies in oncodermatology

Moskovsky prospect, d.143

Kolomyazhsky prospect, 20

dermatologist, cosmetologist, laser technology specialist

Grazhdansky prospect, 107, office 4

Dermatovenereologist, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor

Moskovsky prospect, 143

Dermatovenereologist, specialist in laser technologies in oncodermatology

Grazhdansky prospect, 107, office 4

Oncologist-dermatologist, candidate of medical sciences

Moskovsky prospect, d.143

Grazhdansky prospect, 107, office 4

Kolomyazhsky prospect, 20

12. Diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue / ConsultantPlus

12. Diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue

A common form of alopecia areata means the presence of multiple (3 or more) foci of alopecia with a diameter of at least 10 cm each, and when bald patches merge – the absence of hair growth on an area of ​​over 50 percent of the scalp.

The common form of vitiligo is understood as the presence of multiple (3 or more) depigmented spots on the skin of various anatomical regions with a transverse size of at least 10 cm each.

The common form of psoriasis or lichen planus means the presence of multiple (3 or more) plaques on the skin of various anatomical areas.

The clinical criteria for “difficult to treat psoriasis” are:

repeated inpatient treatment in medical organizations (structural subdivisions of medical organizations) providing medical care in the field of dermatovenerology, at least once every 6 months for at least 3 consecutive years;

ineffectiveness of general immunosuppressive therapy.

Widespread lichenification in atopic dermatitis means lesions of the skin of the face, ulnar and popliteal fossae, as well as total lesions.

Item “b” also includes single, but large (the size of a patient’s palm and more) psoriatic plaques. With regard to the diseases examined under columns I, II of the schedule, suffering from recurrent Quincke’s edema and (or) chronic urticaria, in case of unsuccessful treatment in stationary conditions and continuous recurrence of blisters (urticaria) for at least 2 months, the conclusion is made under item “b”.

Frequently recurrent forms of eczema, lichen planus or other chronic dermatoses include cases of their exacerbation at least 2 times a year over the past 3 years.

Item “c” refers to the plaque form of scleroderma, regardless of the location, number and size of lesions.

Rarely recurrent forms of skin diseases include cases of exacerbation at least 1 time during the last 3 years.

Clause “d” also includes foci of vitiligo on the face (2 or more) with a diameter of at least 3 cm each.

The presence of atopic dermatitis (exudative diathesis, childhood eczema, neurodermatitis) in the anamnesis in the absence of relapse within the last 5 years, as well as a type of limited scleroderma – “white spot disease” is not a basis for the application of this article, does not interfere with military service and admission to military educational institutions.

Open the full text of the document

90,000 Eczema treatment in Germany, treatment cost

Treatment of eczema in Germany begins as early as possible, individually selecting the most effective methods, taking into account the stage of development of the disease.

It is imperative to exclude skin irritants such as:

• solar radiation,
• long stay in water,
• the effect of all exogenous intoxications,
• skin parasites,
• dirt, etc.

Complex treatment, including systemic and local (external), is aimed at stopping the disease and preventing the causes that contributed to its occurrence.

Medicines with systemic effects are aimed at restoring hormonal levels, reducing skin rashes and reducing inflammation.

To normalize the functioning of the central nervous system, German specialists use herbal sedatives, in extreme cases (prolonged emotional excitement, overstrain), tranquilizers are used.

Retinol is prescribed to stimulate and normalize the epidermis at the scaly-crustal stage.

Desensitization of the body can be facilitated by daily administration of a 10% solution of calcium chloride.

Reactions of an inflammatory and allergic nature are removed with the help of a group of glucocorticoid drugs.

If concomitant infections (streptococcus or staphylococcus bacteria) are detected during the treatment of eczema, then you may be prescribed antibacterial medications of a wide spectrum of action.

A diverse range of ointments, aerosols, creams and antiseptics are used for local (external) exposure.

The price of eczema treatment does not include the prices for individual medicines.

Treatment of eczema in Germany includes a number of physiotherapy methods (procedures):

• laser irradiation increases the regenerative capacity of tissues;
• phototherapy is based on the use of ultraviolet wave irradiation of the skin;
• PUVA therapy involves the application of a preparation containing psoralen to your skin and subsequent exposure to ultraviolet light.

Prices for eczema treatment in Germany depend on the length of stay in clinics and the volume of medical and diagnostic procedures performed.

A special place in the course of treatment is occupied by a rational balance of nutrition, prescribed by our nutritionists individually for you.

Physiotherapy in the treatment of skin diseases

Physiotherapy in the treatment of skin diseases

Article on the website of the Komsomolskaya Pravda

Modern physiotherapy has numerous means and methods of active influence on various physiological systems of the body.Physiotherapy has been especially effective in treating dermatological diseases.

The physiotherapy department of KGBUZ “KKVD” treats such diseases as: psoriasis, parapsoriasis, lichen planus, atopic dermatitis, neurodermatitis, seborrheic dermatitis, eczema, scleroderma, fungal skin lesions, alopecia, vitiligo, acne, herpes and chronic dr.

We offer physiotherapy treatments:

· Phototherapy: PUVA therapy, PUVA baths, excimer UVB radiation therapy.

Electrotherapy:

UHF – therapy, microwave therapy (UHF), inductothermy, sinusoidal modulated currents (CMT therapy), diadynamic therapy (DDT), galvanization and medicinal electrophoresis, darsonval, ultraton, TES – therapy.

Magnetotherapy

· Ultrasound therapy – UST and phonophoresis, including abdominal techniques.

Laser therapy – low-intensity laser therapy

Light therapy – UFO, Biotron, color therapy,

· Hydrotherapy – bubble massage baths for a sedative and moisturizing effect.

Phototherapy is a high-tech type of treatment based on the penetration of a certain type of ultraviolet radiation into the layers of the skin. Ultraviolet radiation has an anti-inflammatory, immunomodulating effect. Indication for treatment:

Psoriasis

Parapsoriasis

Atopic dermatitis

Eczema

Seborrheic dermatitis

Alopecia

Lichen planus

Prurigo

Plaque scleroderma

Vitiligo

Annular granuloma.

For treatment, we use narrow-band medium-wave ultraviolet therapy with a wavelength of 311 nm and long-wave broadband ultraviolet therapy PUVA therapy for general and local effects. PUVA leads to normalization, a decrease in the rate of formation of skin cells, which in psoriasis is 3 times higher. ), consultation of a therapist, ophthalmologist.Endocrinologist, gynecologist. Phototherapy is carried out in the form of monotherapy, or in combination with medications. With common rashes, the entire skin is irradiated (general phototherapy), with limited rashes – the affected area of ​​the body (local phototherapy). In some patients, lesions on the scalp and limbs regress more slowly than on other parts of the body. In such cases, general skin irradiation is combined with subsequent local irradiation of the head or extremities.The technique consists in ingestion or applied to the skin of photosensitizers (ammifurin), followed by irradiation in 1-2 hours in the cabin with UVA rays.

Treatment procedures – every other day, 2-4 times a week. The patient’s skin should be cleaned of various ointments and creams. Start with minimal doses, gradually increasing the dose every 2 procedures. The duration of the course is 15-20 procedures. PUVA – baths are carried out with an aqueous solution of ammifurin. Ammifurin concentration is 1 mg / l. Water temperature 36-37 degrees, duration 15 minutes and subsequent irradiation of the entire skin (general PUVA – baths) or the affected area (local PUVA – baths).Irradiation with long-wave UV light is carried out immediately after the bath (previously, the patient’s skin is wiped off with a towel).

Irradiation in our physiotherapy department is carried out in an ultraviolet cabin UV1000 KL Waldman (Germany) or locally – hands, elbows, feet on the device UV181 AL \ VL, the scalp is irradiated with an ultraviolet comb UV 109 B.

Advantages of PUVA therapy:

· high efficiency: 85% of treated patients – skin cleansing;

· quick results: the first signs of regression of skin manifestations are noted after 4-5 procedures;

· Long-term remission – from six months to several years;

· a limited list of contraindications for the use of the method;

· good tolerance;

· outpatient treatment in a polyclinic, without interruption from work and study;

no addictive effect, high efficiency of repeated courses of treatment

Excimer laser “ML-308” is used in our dispensary for the treatment of skin diseases.Excimer laser is a new type of phototherapy based on the exposure of UVB rays directly to the affected area without affecting healthy skin. This modern method is prescribed for the treatment of mild to moderate psoriasis with plaque damage of no more than 10% of the skin surface, as well as for the treatment of vitiligo, alopecia, neurodermatitis, eczema, and other skin pathologies. For complete cleansing of the skin from plaques, 7-11 sessions are required, 2 times a week. The laser interacts with pathological cells affected by psoriasis, normalizes and stabilizes the process of their maturation and rejection.As a result, the life cycle of keratinocytes returns to normal, and the skin completely restores its natural structure and quality.

Physiotherapy treatment is prescribed to each patient strictly according to individual indications, taking into account the age, peculiarity, stage of the disease and other factors. If necessary, consultations of specialist doctors (gynecologist, endocrinologist, oncologist) are appointed. All physiotherapeutic manipulations are performed by a highly qualified doctor and nurse, and the procedures themselves take place in a comfortable and pleasant environment, which is psychologically important for any patient.

Physical methods of treatment have a sedative effect, improve the rheological properties of blood, correct the functioning of the immune and endocrine systems, reduce the permeability of the vascular wall, stop inflammation, reduce itching, that is, relieve the patient’s condition. Physiotherapy techniques stimulate the processes of tissue repair and regeneration.

Applied methods of treatment.

In case of skin diseases, the patient can be prescribed various types of physiotherapeutic treatment, both general and local action.

General methods.

To normalize the patient’s psychoemotional state and compensate for the neurosthenic syndrome, sedative methods of treatment are prescribed, which include:

Electrosleep – application of rectangular impulse currents by placing electrodes on the head.

TPP – central electrical stimulation. This type has an analgesic effect, normalizes hemodynamics, accelerates

tissue regeneration processes

Hydrotherapy – the physiotherapy department is equipped with a hydrotherapy hot tub AQUADELICIA 8.The bath is equipped with bubble massage equipment.

Air bubbles pass in a column of water in the bath and act on the surface of the body in the form of a gentle massage of the skin, whereby a sedative effect is induced, which has a beneficial effect on the psyche and physical condition of the patient. The bubble bath is prescribed primarily for neurosthenic conditions, neurosis. With atopic neurodermatitis, the procedure is performed with the addition of a bath emulsion – emolium.Emulsion for bathing emolium softens and gently cleanses the skin. Thanks to its very rich, water-free formula, which contains 89.7% lipid substances, the emulsion maintains the water-lipid layer for a long time and properly nourishes the skin with fat and nutrients. Emolium creates an active lipid layer on the skin in two directions: it delivers intercellular lipids and other nutrients to the deep layers of the skin, and also creates a protective film on the skin that prevents excessive evaporation of moisture from the epidermis.

To reduce the pathological activity of the parasympathetic nervous system, the effect on the paravertebral ganglia is applied using:

amplipulse therapy;

EP UHCh

inductothermy

phonophoresis of hydrocortisone and prednisolone

To stimulate the hormonal function of the adrenal glands and the production of glucorticoids, UHF EP is prescribed to the adrenal glands or indirectly by the transcranial technique.Under the influence of an ultra-high frequency electric field, the hormone-producing function of the pituitary gland is stimulated. This entails stimulation of the adrenal glands with the release of glucocorticoids into the bloodstream and a decrease in the body’s autoimmune response, as well as suppression of allergic reactions.

Local procedures.

To reduce inflammatory reactions and itching, improve blood circulation, remove inflammatory mediators, reduce the excitation of skin receptors, local methods are used:

· darsonvalization and ultratonotherapy;

· galvanization and electrophoresis with antihistamines;

local magnetic therapy;

· ultraviolet irradiation of the area of ​​inflammation;

· laser therapy for the area of ​​the skin defect.

The choice of a specific treatment factor depends on many factors. In most cases, for an optimal effect on the body, a combination of 2-3 treatment procedures is prescribed, one of which has a general effect, and the others are local.

For physiotherapy, there are both general contraindications and specific ones that relate to a specific type of exposure. General contraindications include:

1. presence of neoplasms in the affected area;

2.acute diseases, decompensation of chronic pathology;

3. general serious condition of the patient;

4. fever;

5. tuberculosis in the acute stage;

6. mental illness;

7. bullous dermatoses;

8. cutaneous porphyria;

9. systemic lupus erythematosus;

10. individual intolerance to electric current;

11.pregnancy

Private contraindications:

for ultraviolet irradiation – summer form of psoriasis.

Dermatovenereology – Health Harmony

Our specialists:

Dmitruk Vadim Stepanovich , professor, doctor of medical sciences, dermatovenerologist of the highest category, leading specialist of Tomsk in the treatment of psoriasis, acne, atopic dermatitis, sexually transmitted infections, dermatitis, eczema, herpes infection, benign and malignant tumors skin, receives children and adults, medical experience – 25 years.

Podgornova Elena Sergeevna , Ph.D., dermatovenerologist of the highest qualification category, specialist in the diagnosis and treatment of skin and venereal diseases in adults and children, conducts cryodestruction and cryomassage; medical experience – 23 years.

Vasilyeva Alexandra Evgenievna , dermatologist of the second qualification category, specialist in trichology and mesotherapy of the scalp, medical experience – 8 years.

Directions of work:

• Diagnostics and treatment of chronic skin diseases – psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, eczema, neurodermatitis, etc.d.

• Diagnostics and treatment of fungal diseases of the skin and nails.

• Diagnostics and treatment of herpetic, parasitic and bacterial infections of the skin and mucous membranes.

• Diagnostics and treatment of diseases of the scalp and hair, trichoscopy, mesotherapy and plasma therapy of the scalp, as well as cryomassage of the scalp and face.

• Diagnostics and treatment of skin neoplasms, incl.including removal (electrocoagulation, cryodestruction).

• Diagnostics and treatment of sexually transmitted infections.

Types of diagnostic tests:

• Dermatoscopy. A non-invasive and completely safe method for diagnosing skin neoplasms, without violating the integrity of the skin, which allows you to differentiate the benign and malignant nature of skin neoplasms, as well as accurately diagnose inflammatory skin diseases, it is possible to identify malignant skin neoplasms at an early stage.The examination does not require special training and is carried out in both children and adults.

• PCR diagnostics. High-tech laboratory diagnostic methods make it possible to identify many diseases at the earliest stages. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method is one of the newest and most accurate diagnostic methods.

• Microscopic examination (examination of scrapings from the skin and nails under a microscope).

• General clinical analyzes .

Technical support:

Own laboratory that allows you to quickly examine samples;

Dermatoscope of the latest generation, which allows diagnosing the most complex inflammatory diseases and neoplasms under 20x magnification;

Operating room for surgical treatment methods;

Our advantages:

Often, the causes of diseases that are identified by a dermatologist lie in diseases of the internal organs.We provide a comprehensive approach and treat not only the consequence, but also identify and treat the cause of the disease. To do this, we have specialists who will quickly and accurately select the most effective treatment regimen in the mode of the medical council .

We work with of any age category patients.