What are the key symptoms of agoraphobia. How does agoraphobia develop and what are its main causes. What treatment options are available for managing agoraphobia. How can agoraphobia impact daily life and relationships. What strategies can help prevent or reduce agoraphobic tendencies.

What is Agoraphobia? Defining This Anxiety Disorder

Agoraphobia is a complex anxiety disorder characterized by an intense fear of places or situations that might cause panic, feelings of helplessness, or embarrassment. Individuals with agoraphobia often avoid specific environments due to the fear that escape might be difficult or help unavailable if anxiety symptoms intensify.

The core of agoraphobia revolves around anticipatory anxiety – the fear of future panic attacks or anxiety symptoms occurring in certain settings. This anticipation can lead to increasingly restrictive behaviors as individuals attempt to avoid triggering situations.

Key Features of Agoraphobia

• Fear of open or enclosed spaces
• Anxiety about using public transportation
• Discomfort in crowds or standing in lines
• Difficulty leaving home alone
• Need for a companion in public places
• Avoidance behaviors that impact daily functioning

Do all individuals with agoraphobia experience the same symptoms? While the core features are similar, the specific fears and avoidance behaviors can vary significantly between individuals. Some may struggle primarily with crowds, while others find enclosed spaces most challenging.

Recognizing the Symptoms: How Agoraphobia Manifests

Agoraphobia symptoms typically center around intense anxiety or panic when exposed to feared situations. These symptoms can be both psychological and physical in nature, often mimicking the experience of a panic attack.

Common Psychological Symptoms

• Intense fear or dread
• Feeling of detachment from reality
• Fear of losing control
• Catastrophic thinking about potential consequences
• Overwhelming desire to escape the situation

Physical Manifestations of Agoraphobic Anxiety

• Rapid heartbeat or palpitations
• Shortness of breath or hyperventilation
• Chest pain or discomfort
• Sweating and trembling
• Nausea or gastrointestinal distress
• Dizziness or lightheadedness

Can agoraphobia symptoms vary in intensity? Yes, the severity of symptoms can fluctuate based on the specific situation, the individual’s overall stress levels, and other factors. Some may experience mild anxiety, while others may have full-blown panic attacks in feared environments.

The Connection Between Agoraphobia and Panic Disorder

Agoraphobia and panic disorder often go hand in hand, with many individuals developing agoraphobia following one or more unexpected panic attacks. The fear of experiencing another panic attack in a public setting can drive avoidance behaviors characteristic of agoraphobia.

While not all individuals with agoraphobia have panic disorder, the two conditions share significant overlap. Understanding this connection is crucial for proper diagnosis and treatment.

Key Points on Agoraphobia and Panic Disorder

• Panic attacks can trigger the development of agoraphobia
• Fear of panic symptoms reinforces avoidance behaviors
• Not all individuals with agoraphobia experience full panic attacks
• Treatment approaches often address both conditions simultaneously

How does the relationship between panic disorder and agoraphobia impact treatment? Addressing both conditions often requires a multi-faceted approach, combining strategies to manage panic symptoms with exposure therapy to reduce agoraphobic avoidance.

Exploring the Causes and Risk Factors of Agoraphobia

The development of agoraphobia is complex and multifaceted, involving a combination of biological, psychological, and environmental factors. While the exact cause may vary between individuals, several key elements contribute to its onset and progression.

Biological Factors

• Genetic predisposition to anxiety disorders
• Imbalances in neurotransmitters like serotonin
• Heightened sensitivity of the body’s stress response system

Psychological Factors

• Traumatic experiences or significant life stressors
• Learned avoidance behaviors reinforced over time
• Cognitive distortions and catastrophic thinking patterns

Environmental Factors

• Overprotective parenting styles
• Witnessing anxiety or phobic behaviors in others
• Experiencing a panic attack or trauma in a public setting

Are certain individuals more susceptible to developing agoraphobia? Research suggests that women are diagnosed with agoraphobia more frequently than men, and onset typically occurs before age 35. However, the disorder can affect individuals of any age or gender.

The Impact of Agoraphobia on Daily Life and Relationships

Agoraphobia can significantly disrupt an individual’s quality of life, affecting personal relationships, career prospects, and overall well-being. The avoidance behaviors associated with agoraphobia often lead to increasing isolation and dependence on others.

Common Challenges Faced by Individuals with Agoraphobia

• Difficulty maintaining employment or attending school
• Strained relationships due to avoidance of social situations
• Increased reliance on others for basic tasks and errands
• Limited participation in leisure activities and travel
• Feelings of shame, frustration, and low self-esteem

How can loved ones support someone struggling with agoraphobia? Patience, understanding, and encouragement are crucial. Loved ones can help by learning about the disorder, avoiding enabling avoidance behaviors, and supporting treatment efforts.

Treatment Approaches: Managing and Overcoming Agoraphobia

While agoraphobia can be challenging to treat, a combination of therapeutic interventions and medication can help individuals manage symptoms and regain control over their lives. Treatment plans are typically tailored to the individual’s specific needs and severity of symptoms.

Psychotherapy Options

• Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
• Exposure Therapy
• Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT)
• Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR)

Medication Options

• Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)
• Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs)
• Benzodiazepines (for short-term use)
• Beta-blockers (for physical symptoms)

What role does exposure therapy play in treating agoraphobia? Exposure therapy is a cornerstone of agoraphobia treatment, gradually exposing individuals to feared situations in a controlled manner. This helps reduce anxiety and builds confidence in managing symptoms.

Coping Strategies and Self-Help Techniques for Agoraphobia

In addition to professional treatment, individuals with agoraphobia can employ various self-help strategies to manage symptoms and support their recovery process. These techniques can complement formal treatment and provide tools for ongoing symptom management.

Effective Coping Strategies

• Practice relaxation techniques like deep breathing and progressive muscle relaxation
• Challenge negative thought patterns through cognitive restructuring
• Gradually expose yourself to feared situations with support
• Maintain a healthy lifestyle with regular exercise and proper nutrition
• Join support groups to connect with others facing similar challenges
• Educate yourself about agoraphobia and anxiety management

How can mindfulness practices benefit individuals with agoraphobia? Mindfulness techniques can help reduce overall anxiety levels, increase awareness of thoughts and bodily sensations, and improve the ability to stay present in challenging situations.

Preventative Measures: Reducing the Risk of Agoraphobia

While it’s not always possible to prevent the development of agoraphobia, certain strategies may help reduce the risk or mitigate its progression. Early intervention and stress management are key components of prevention efforts.

Strategies for Agoraphobia Prevention

• Seek help for anxiety or panic symptoms early on
• Develop healthy coping mechanisms for stress
• Practice facing fears gradually rather than avoiding them
• Maintain social connections and support systems
• Address underlying mental health concerns or trauma
• Limit caffeine and alcohol intake, which can exacerbate anxiety

Can addressing panic attacks early on prevent the development of agoraphobia? While not guaranteed, early treatment of panic symptoms and learning to manage anxiety can reduce the likelihood of developing more severe agoraphobic avoidance behaviors.

Understanding agoraphobia, its symptoms, and treatment options is crucial for those affected by this anxiety disorder. With proper support and intervention, individuals can learn to manage their symptoms and regain a sense of freedom in their daily lives. If you or someone you know is struggling with agoraphobia, don’t hesitate to reach out to a mental health professional for guidance and support.

Agoraphobia – Symptoms and causes

Overview

Agoraphobia (ag-uh-ruh-FOE-be-uh) is a type of anxiety disorder in which you fear and avoid places or situations that might cause you to panic and make you feel trapped, helpless or embarrassed. You fear an actual or anticipated situation, such as using public transportation, being in open or enclosed spaces, standing in line, or being in a crowd.

The anxiety is caused by fear that there’s no easy way to escape or get help if the anxiety intensifies. Most people who have agoraphobia develop it after having one or more panic attacks, causing them to worry about having another attack and avoid the places where it may happen again.

People with agoraphobia often have a hard time feeling safe in any public place, especially where crowds gather. You may feel that you need a companion, such as a relative or friend, to go with you to public places. The fear can be so overwhelming that you may feel unable to leave your home.

Agoraphobia treatment can be challenging because it usually means confronting your fears. But with psychotherapy and medications, you can escape the trap of agoraphobia and live a more enjoyable life.

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Symptoms

Typical agoraphobia symptoms include fear of:

• Leaving home alone
• Crowds or waiting in line
• Enclosed spaces, such as movie theaters, elevators or small stores
• Open spaces, such as parking lots, bridges or malls
• Using public transportation, such as a bus, plane or train

These situations cause anxiety because you fear you won’t be able to escape or find help if you start to feel panicked or have other disabling or embarrassing symptoms.

In addition:

• Fear or anxiety almost always results from exposure to the situation
• Your fear or anxiety is out of proportion to the actual danger of the situation
• You avoid the situation, you need a companion to go with you, or you endure the situation but are extremely distressed
• You experience significant distress or problems with social situations, work or other areas in your life because of the fear, anxiety or avoidance
• Your phobia and avoidance usually lasts six months or longer

Panic disorder and agoraphobia

Some people have a panic disorder in addition to agoraphobia. Panic disorder is a type of anxiety disorder in which you experience sudden attacks of extreme fear that reach a peak within a few minutes and trigger intense physical symptoms (panic attacks). You might think that you’re totally losing control, having a heart attack or even dying.

Fear of another panic attack can lead to avoiding similar circumstances or the place where it occurred in an attempt to prevent future panic attacks.

Signs and symptoms of a panic attack can include:

• Rapid heart rate
• Trouble breathing or a feeling of choking
• Chest pain or pressure
• Lightheadedness or dizziness
• Feeling shaky, numb or tingling
• Excessive sweating
• Sudden flushing or chills
• Upset stomach or diarrhea
• Feeling a loss of control
• Fear of dying

When to see a doctor

Agoraphobia can severely limit your ability to socialize, work, attend important events and even manage the details of daily life, such as running errands.

Don’t let agoraphobia make your world smaller. Call your doctor if you have signs or symptoms listed above.

Causes

Biology — including health conditions and genetics — temperament, environmental stress and learning experiences may all play a role in the development of agoraphobia.

Risk factors

Agoraphobia can begin in childhood, but usually starts in the late teen or early adult years — usually before age 35 — but older adults can also develop it. Women are diagnosed with agoraphobia more often than men are.

Risk factors for agoraphobia include:

• Having panic disorder or other phobias
• Responding to panic attacks with excessive fear and avoidance
• Experiencing stressful life events, such as abuse, the death of a parent or being attacked
• Having an anxious or nervous temperament
• Having a blood relative with agoraphobia

Complications

Agoraphobia can greatly limit your life’s activities. If your agoraphobia is severe, you may not even be able to leave your home. Without treatment, some people become housebound for years. You may not be able to visit with family and friends, go to school or work, run errands, or take part in other normal daily activities. You may become dependent on others for help.

Agoraphobia can also lead to or be associated with:

• Depression
• Alcohol or drug abuse
• Other mental health disorders, including other anxiety disorders or personality disorders

Prevention

There’s no sure way to prevent agoraphobia. However, anxiety tends to increase the more you avoid situations that you fear. If you start to have mild fears about going places that are safe, try to practice going to those places over and over again before your fear becomes overwhelming. If this is too hard to do on your own, ask a family member or friend to go with you, or seek professional help.

If you experience anxiety going places or have panic attacks, get treatment as soon as possible. Get help early to keep symptoms from getting worse. Anxiety, like many other mental health conditions, can be harder to treat if you wait.

Nov. 18, 2017

Overview – Agoraphobia – NHS

Agoraphobia is a fear of being in situations where escape might be difficult or that help wouldn’t be available if things go wrong.

Many people assume agoraphobia is simply a fear of open spaces, but it’s actually a more complex condition. Someone with agoraphobia may be scared of:

• travelling on public transport
• visiting a shopping centre
• leaving home

If someone with agoraphobia finds themselves in a stressful situation, they’ll usually experience the symptoms of a panic attack, such as:

• rapid heartbeat
• rapid breathing (hyperventilating)
• feeling hot and sweaty
• feeling sick

They’ll avoid situations that cause anxiety and may only leave the house with a friend or partner. They’ll order groceries online rather than going to the supermarket. This change in behaviour is known as avoidance.

Read more about the symptoms of agoraphobia.

What causes agoraphobia?

Agoraphobia usually develops as a complication of panic disorder, an anxiety disorder involving panic attacks and moments of intense fear. It can arise by associating panic attacks with the places or situations where they occurred and then avoiding them.

A minority of people with agoraphobia have no history of panic attacks. In these cases, their fear may be related to issues like a fear of crime, terrorism, illness, or being in an accident.

Traumatic events, such as bereavement, may contribute towards agoraphobia, as well as certain genes inherited from your parents.

Read more about the possible causes of agoraphobia.

Diagnosing agoraphobia

Speak to your GP if you think you may be affected by agoraphobia. It should be possible to arrange a telephone consultation if you don’t feel ready to visit your GP in person.

Your GP will ask you to describe your symptoms, how often they occur, and in what situations. It’s very important you tell them how you’ve been feeling and how your symptoms are affecting you.

Your GP may ask you the following questions:

• Do you find leaving the house stressful?
• Are there certain places or situations you have to avoid?
• Do you have any avoidance strategies to help you cope with your symptoms, such as relying on others to shop for you?

It can sometimes be difficult to talk about your feelings, emotions, and personal life, but try not to feel anxious or embarrassed. Your GP needs to know as much as possible about your symptoms to make the correct diagnosis and recommend the most appropriate treatment.

Read more about diagnosing agoraphobia.

Treating agoraphobia

Lifestyle changes may help, including taking regular exercise, eating more healthily, and avoiding alcohol, drugs and drinks that contain caffeine, such as tea, coffee and cola.

Self-help techniques that can help during a panic attack include staying where you are, focusing on something that’s non-threatening and visible, and slow, deep breathing.

If your agoraphobia fails to respond to these treatment methods see your GP.

You can also refer yourself directly for psychological therapies, including cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), without seeing your GP.

Read more about psychological therapies on the NHS.

Medication may be recommended if self-help techniques and lifestyle changes aren’t effective in controlling your symptoms. You’ll usually be prescribed a course of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), which are also used to treat anxiety and depression.

In severe cases of agoraphobia, medication can be used in combination with other types of treatment, such as CBT and relaxation therapy.

Read more about treating agoraphobia.

Outlook

Around a third of people with agoraphobia eventually achieve a complete cure and remain free from symptoms.

Around half experience an improvement in symptoms, but they may have periods when their symptoms become more troublesome – for example, if they feel stressed.

Despite treatment, about 1 in 5 people with agoraphobia continue to experience troublesome symptoms.

How common is agoraphobia?

In the UK, up to 2 people in 100 have panic disorder. It’s thought around a third will go on to develop agoraphobia.

Agoraphobia is twice as common in women as men. It usually starts between the ages of 18 and 35.

Agoraphobia: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatments

What Is Agoraphobia?

Agoraphobia is a rare type of anxiety disorder. If you have it, your fears keep you from getting out into the world. You avoid certain places and situations because you think you’ll feel trapped and not be able to get help.

For example, you might worry or panic when you are in:

• Public transportation (buses, trains, ships, or planes)

• Large, open spaces (parking lots, bridges)

• Closed-in spaces (stores, movie theaters)

• Crowds or standing in line

• Being outside your home alone

You may be willing to go just a handful of places, or you may even dread leaving your house.  

Agoraphobia Causes and Risk Factors

Doctors aren’t sure what causes agoraphobia. They think it runs in families. You may get it if you have a lot of panic attacks. That’s when you have bursts of fear that come out of the blue and last for a few minutes. These happen when there’s no real danger.

Less than 1% of people in the U.S. have agoraphobia. Women are two to three times more likely to have it than men, and it’s more common in teenagers and young adults. 

A few other things that can raise your chances of it include having:

• Panic disorder, especially if it’s not treated

• Other phobias

• A family member who has agoraphobia

• A history of very stressful or traumatic events

Agoraphobia Symptoms

If you have agoraphobia and end up in a place that scares you, you can become very anxious or panic. Physical symptoms of this can include:

You may feel like: 

• You might not survive a panic attack.

• You’re not in control. 

• You’ll look bad in front of others or that they’ll stare at you.

• You need to be with someone you trust when you go anywhere.

You also might have:

Agoraphobia Diagnosis

A lot of the symptoms caused by agoraphobia are the same as those of other medical conditions like heart disease, stomach issues, and breathing problems. So you may make several trips to the doctor or emergency room before you and your doctor figure out what’s really going on.

Your doctor may ask:

• Do you find it scary or stressful to leave your house?

• Do you have to avoid some places or situations?

• What happens if you end up in one of them?

They’ll do a physical exam and maybe some tests to rule out any other medical problems. If they don’t find a physical reason for your symptoms, they’ll probably recommend that you see a psychiatrist or therapist. 

At your session, you’ll answer questions about your feelings and your behavior. According to standards created by the American Psychiatric Association, you could be diagnosed with agoraphobia if you feel extreme fear or panic in at least two of these situations:

• Outside your house by yourself

• In an open space, like a parking lot or mall

• In an enclosed space, like a theatre or small office

• In a line or in a crowd

• On public transportation, including planes

Agoraphobia Treatments

Your doctor will usually treat agoraphobia with therapy, medication, or a combination of the two.  

Therapy. Cognitive therapy can teach you new ways to think about or face situations that cause panic and help you be less afraid. You may also learn relaxation and breathing exercises. Sometimes your therapist may suggest exposure therapy, in which you gradually start to do some of the things that make you anxious.

Medicine. There are many drugs that your doctor might suggest for agoraphobia, but the most common are antidepressants. Doctors often start with a low dose of one of these medicines that raises the level of a “feel-good” chemical in your brain called serotonin. Some medications that help balance serotonin are citalopram (Celexa), escitalopram oxalate (Lexapro), fluoxetine (Prozac), sertraline (Zoloft), and venlafaxine (Effexor).

You’ll probably take medicine for at least 6 months to a year. If you feel better and no longer are stressed when you’re in places that used to scare you, your doctor may begin tapering off your medicine.

For short-term relief, your doctor may recommend anti-anxiety medications, called benzodiazepines, in addition to antidepressants. These are sedatives that can help with your symptoms. You can start to depend on them, so you shouldn’t take them for long. And be sure to tell your doctor if you’ve had any issues with alcohol or drug abuse.

Alternative therapies. Applied relaxation is a series of exercises that help you notice when you start to feel tense and learn how to relax your muscles and ease that tension. It typically takes an hour-long session each week for 12 to 15 weeks.

Other alternative therapies that may help include breathing exercises and meditation.

Lifestyle changes. It can help to exercise regularly and eat a healthy diet. Skip caffeine and alcohol. They can make your symptoms worse.

Agoraphobia Outlook

The right combination of medication and therapy can help manage agoraphobia and make living with it easier. A few other things to keep in mind:

• Get help when you need it. Family and friends can help you work through your fears, and a support group lets you connect with people who are going through the same things you are.

• Manage anxiety and stress. Talk with your therapist about ways to calm yourself and find relaxation techniques that work for you.

• Follow your doctor’s guidance. It’s really important to take medication as directed and keep your therapy appointments. Stay in touch with your health team so they can do their best for you.   

Agoraphobia: Symptoms, Causes & Treatments

Overview

What is agoraphobia?

Agoraphobia is an anxiety disorder that causes intense fear of becoming overwhelmed or unable to escape or get help. Because of fear and anxiety, people with agoraphobia often avoid new places and unfamiliar situations, such as:

• Open or enclosed spaces.
• Crowds.
• Places outside your home.
• Public transportation.

How many people have agoraphobia?

About 1% to 2% of adults in the United States have been diagnosed with agoraphobia. Roughly 2% of adolescents experience it. Agoraphobia is more common among women. It usually starts before age 35.

What are the risk factors for agoraphobia?

Risk factors for developing agoraphobia include:

• Having panic attacks or other phobias.
• Experiencing stressful life events, such as the death of a loved one, being attacked, or being abused.
• Having a nervous or anxious nature.
• Responding to panic attacks with excess fear and apprehension.
• Having a relative with agoraphobia.

Symptoms and Causes

What causes agoraphobia?

It is not clear what causes agoraphobia. However, it is often associated with an existing panic disorder. Panic disorder causes short, intense attacks of fear for no particular reason. About a third of people who have panic disorder develop agoraphobia. But agoraphobia also can occur alone.

What does agoraphobia feel like?

Everyone experiences anxiety sometimes. But an anxiety disorder causes excessive worry that affects daily activities. Agoraphobia can make you feel extreme fear and stress, which may cause you to avoid situations.

The signs of agoraphobia are similar to a panic attack. You may experience:

Diagnosis and Tests

How is agoraphobia diagnosed?

If you think you have agoraphobia, and the anxiety is interfering with your daily life, you should talk to a primary care provider or psychiatrist. If you are afraid to visit a medical office in person, you may be able to schedule a telephone or video appointment.

The healthcare provider may ask you:

• Do you get stressed about leaving your house?
• Are there any places or situations you avoid because you’re afraid? Why are you afraid?
• Do you rely on others to do your shopping and errands?

A healthcare provider can diagnose agoraphobia based on your symptoms, how often they happen and how severe they are. It is important to be open and honest with your healthcare providers. Your provider may diagnose agoraphobia if you meet specific standards developed by the American Psychiatric Association. To have a diagnosis of agoraphobia, a person must feel extreme fear or panic in at least two of the following situations:

• Using public transportation.
• Being in an open space.
• Being in an enclosed space, such as a movie theater, meeting room or small store.
• Standing in a line or being in a crowd.
• Being out of your home alone.

Management and Treatment

How is agoraphobia treated?

Agoraphobia treatment usually involves a combination of treatment methods: therapy, medication and lifestyle changes.

A therapist can help you work through your fears. Using cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), a mental healthcare provider can help you recognize thoughts that cause you anxiety. Then you’ll learn ways to react more productively.

Using relaxation and desensitization techniques, your provider may have you imagine a scary situation and manage the feelings. Eventually, you will be able to take part in activities that produce anxiety, and you will know how to manage your emotions. Over time, therapy can train the brain to think differently.

Your healthcare provider also may suggest medications called selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) or serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs). Those medications can treat depression and anxiety disorders.

You can manage agoraphobia with lifestyle changes:

• Avoid alcohol, drugs and caffeine (coffee, tea and soda, for example).
• Eat a healthy, well-balanced diet.
• Exercise regularly.
• Practice breathing exercises.

Prevention

How can I reduce my risk of agoraphobia?

There is no proven way to prevent agoraphobia. However, it is easier to manage in its earlier stages. The more you avoid situations, the more fearful you may become. Some people with severe agoraphobia are unable to leave their home at all and are totally dependent on others for help. Agoraphobia can also lead to other health problems if left untreated, including depression, alcohol or drug abuse and other mental health disorders. These are reasons why it’s important to seek mental health help early.

Outlook / Prognosis

What is the outlook (prognosis) for people with agoraphobia?

About a third of people with agoraphobia overcome the disorder and become symptom-free. Another half learn to manage their symptoms better but still have some anxiety.

You and your loved ones will need to have patience as you heal from agoraphobia. Many people need 12 to 20 weeks of CBT (talk therapy) if they also take medication. Without medication, therapy might take up to a year.

Living With

How can I learn to cope with agoraphobia?

Take good care of yourself, take your medications as prescribed and practice techniques you learn from your therapist. And don’t allow yourself to avoid situations and places that spark anxiety. The combination can help you do things you enjoy with less fear.

A note from Cleveland Clinic

Many people avoid talking about anxiety disorders. Agoraphobia can make you feel afraid and isolated. But with treatment, you can manage the symptoms and lead a full life. If agoraphobia or any anxiety disorder affects the way you live your life, call your healthcare provider. An open, honest conversation can lead to the help you need to live a full life.

Signs and Treatment Options for Agoraphobia

During the pandemic, we’ve spent a lot more time at home. The fear of spreading and possibly getting COVID-19 has had many people understandably more cautious and anxious when being out in public. But, could growing less accustomed to feeling safe in public or leaving your home feed an anxiety disorder known as agoraphobia?

We spoke with Gagandeep Singh, MD, a psychiatrist at Banner Behavioral Health Hospital to learn more about agoraphobia, the potential impact COVID-19 is having on this disorder and ways to get help.

What is agoraphobia?

Many people believe that agoraphobia is the fear of leaving one’s home, thanks in part to its portrayal in media, but it is much more complex.

“The hallmark of agoraphobia is anxiety about or avoidance of places or situations from which escape might be difficult,” Dr. Singh said. “Someone with agoraphobia avoids places or situations where they believe escape or access to help may be impossible, very difficult or very embarrassing if they develop panic attacks, panic-like symptoms or some other incapacitating loss of control.”

These irrational or disproportionate fears are so intense that people go to great lengths to avoid situations, such as using public transportation, being in open or enclosed spaces or standing in a line or being in a crowd. As time passes, they may consider more public places “unsafe” until they eventually are confined to their homes.

What causes agoraphobia?

While there is no definite cause for agoraphobia, it is likely related to a number of contributing factors that may put someone at greater risk. You may be at greater risk of developing agoraphobia if you live with other phobias or anxiety disorders, have a parent who also had the disorder or experienced a traumatic event or stressful situation.

“Events like the pandemic can set in motion neurobiological changes that make our anxiety worse, for others this may be related to dysfunctional learned behaviors ” Dr. Singh said. “Some, but not all, people may develop it after experiencing a panic attack. Since panic attacks are so unpleasant, they may avoid situations or places that might trigger them. As a result, worry about having a panic attack and attempts to control or avoid it can self-perpetuate their condition.”

How does the pandemic play a role in agoraphobia?

While the mental health impact of the pandemic is still being evaluated, Americans are experiencing an uptick in mental health issues, such as anxiety, stress and depression. However, it’s unclear how the pandemic impacts the development of agoraphobia. Dr. Singh said this may start with rational fears of COVID-19 that over time become exacerbated.

“Agoraphobia is different from fears of leaving home due to COVID-19, because there are very real, rational elements to the fear, such as going out in public can increase our risk of disease,” he said. “These fears are also likely not incapacitating either, meaning we choose not to go out but, when needed, we can, and it hopefully won’t result in panic or a profound loss of control.”

How is agoraphobia clinically diagnosed?

Agoraphobia is diagnosed based on symptoms and signs. Your doctor will ask you a series of questions about your symptoms, medical history and family history and may perform a blood test to rule out other physical causes for your symptoms. For a proper diagnosis, symptoms must meet certain criteria listed by the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.

What treatment options are available?

“Treatment options are definitely available for agoraphobia,” Dr. Singh said. “These treatments can help with abnormal learned behaviors and the neurobiological changes that go with them.”

Treatment options include psychotherapy, especially cognitive behavioral therapy, and medications, such as SSRIs. Although, long-term outcomes are best done in combination.

Don’t wait to get help

While it may seem like you can handle this all on your own, therapy and/or medication can successfully help you manage your condition.

The main reason to get treatment is that agoraphobia is disabling. “It prevents us from being able to do normal activities for living and causes lots of distress,” Dr. Singh said. “Additionally, the longer it goes untreated the more difficult it is to treat.”

If you or a loved one are struggling with agoraphobia or another anxiety disorder, seek professional help. A mental health professional can help you get your life back on track.

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Fear of Home Surroundings Phobia – Oikophobia or Ecophobia

Oikophobia or Ecophobia is the fear of home surroundings. Oiko is Greek for house; the word Oikophobia is a combination of oiko and phobos which stands for fear or anxiety.

In a nutshell, a specific phobia such as Oikophobia or Ecophobia refers to an extreme fear of an object inside the house, or the fear of one’s surroundings that may cause injury or death along with the awareness that this fear is irrational, unnecessary or excessive. Young children may not have this awareness but an adult might. The fear of home surroundings may not seem like much to ordinary people; but to a phobic it can be very distressing. It could even interfere with day to day activities and could impair with daily living.

Oikophobia or Ecophobia can include the fear of anything within the house that causes injury such as gas heaters, stove etc. In general, Ecophobia refers to the fears of things inside one’s home. Oikophobia is also synonymous with Domatophobia in which the sufferer has a crippling fear of houses or being inside a house.

Causes of Ecophobia

Fear is a very real emotion, a basic survival mechanism, which is why it is also known as fight or flight response. Many sensations we experience when we are frightened are designed to protect us from potential danger. Our hearts race and our muscles get more blood, so we can run faster and escape from danger. The key point here is that fears and phobias are natural emotions and a reaction to when the mind perceives danger.

Psychiatrists do not agree on a single cause of phobias. Behavioral therapists believe that many phobias arise from learned behaviors and that a person learns to be afraid of particular objects or situations when he connects the feelings of anxiety and fear with a particular event or object. So phobias can occur in several different ways:

Conditioning by association

A phobic learns to feel fear because he associates or relates it to a specific event. For example, you might have burnt your hand at the gas stove as a child, so your heart races and terror and panic floods through you each time you see one.

Conditioning by avoidance – rewarding yourself

A phobia also develops because through fearful behavior, you get to avoid facing your fear, which means you reward yourself.

Unconscious desires

Another school of thought behind the cause of phobias is unexpressed, unconscious desires. As children, we are often told to suppress thoughts of aggression or sexuality which remain hidden within. These create tremendous anxiety and tension which has to be released in one way or another. In some people, this anxiety and tension comes out as phobias.

Traumas

Some psychologists propose simpler explanation for phobias. They believe that a phobia may be caused due to a deeply traumatic or extremely upsetting event. A child may have witnessed an accident or death or may have been in an earthquake which causes loss of life and property. This could lead to a permanent fear of being inside a house, leading to Oikophobia.

Symptoms of Oikophobia or Ecophobia

The symptoms of Ecophobia are varied and can be emotional and physical.

Physical symptoms

• Tightness in the chest, smothering sensation
• Racing heart, palpitations, increased heart beat or pounding chest
• Feeling like choking
• Cold sweat, sweaty palms
• Shortness of breath
• Nausea, vomiting
• Feeling faint
• Trembling and shaking
• Numbness
• Tingling sensations

Emotional symptoms

• Fear of embarrassing oneself
• Thoughts of death or dying
• Fear of losing control
• Fear of fainting

In some severe cases, the phobic could experience the symptoms above even by simply thinking about the situation of fear, in this case the home or being inside of it. The thought of being inside any home can be debilitating to the sufferer. Needless to say, the fear can take a toll on the phobic’s life and can be greatly stressful. It could even lead to other issues like anxiety, depression etc. Some phobics try to avoid situations which trigger the above mentioned symptoms. This can cause significant negative impact on the way they live. Eventually the fear can become more intense. Others may not understand the fear and may not realize that their loved one needs help.

Treatment for Oikophobia

Some children with phobias get over them by adulthood. As they get older, the phobia simply disappears. However, children, teens and even adults whose lives are disrupted by a phobia can try the following options:

Self help

A phobic who understands that he or she needs help knows that the thoughts aren’t rational. You can ask yourself the following questions:

• What’s the worst thing that could happen?
• If the worst does happen, how will you handle it?
• How likely is it for your fear to materialize?
• Has anything you fear or imagine happened in the past?
• What proof do you have that your fears will materialize?

Then repeat the following to yourself:

• This isn’t hopeless
• I can retreat if I have to
• I can do this
• This isn’t the end
• The feeling will pass

Read up all you can about phobias so you understand what they mean and the knowledge can also help you respond in a positive way to your fear. You could also try guided meditation, positive visualization and affirmations to deal with panic attacks.

Before prescribing a treatment for a phobia, your doctor will carefully evaluate your symptoms and prescribe options like group therapy or one-on-one counseling. Group therapy will help you understand that you are not alone and there are others who suffer like you. You can also try CBT.

Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT)

CBT aims to identify connections between thoughts, feelings and behaviors and gives you practical tips to manage thought patterns that trigger the phobia. The therapy includes a range of different techniques, like exposure therapy or desensitization. This includes exposing you to your situation or object of fear in a controlled and safe manner. Through repeated experiences of facing your fear, you feel an increasing sense of control over your phobia.

Explaining the fear of leaving your house amid a pandemic

HAMPTON ROADS, Va. – Some people are fearful to go to places because they may have an anxiety attack and not be able to get help or escape the situation.

It’s an anxiety disorder called agoraphobia and it causes some people to stay home.

Leaders with Anxiety and Depressions Association of America say agoraphobia stops people going into situations because of a fear of being overwhelmed by anxiety and not being able to escape.

They say its common in people with panic disorders.

Anxiety specialist Ken Goodma, L.C.S.W. is on the Board for the Anxiety and Depressions Association of America. He also released self-help audio programs.

He said he has treated people with agoraphobia over the past 20 years.

“It’s basically the fear of coming out of your comfort zone and it typically manifests itself in people being fearful of leaving their home or their property for a variety of reasons,” said Goodman. “I’ve had patients, maybe go like a mile from their home, but beyond that there is a fear they’re going to have a panic attack. For some people they experience, lightheadedness, and they fear passing out, other people may feel tightness in your chest, racing heart.”

News 3 interviewed a man who only wanted to be identified by Tanner. He said he has experienced agoraphobia his whole life.

“It got to the point where I could almost not leave my house like I would walk my dogs around the block and when I would get kind of catty corner, basically two blocks away. I would start having a panic attack,” he said. He said he does not travel on airplanes or over bridges. He said he has gotten treatment and can go into town but does not venue far from home.

Goodman said COVID-19 is stressful for everyone and especially difficult for those who suffer from anxiety disorders. He said COVID-19 is forcing people to stay home. He said if you have an anxiety disorder you can be very afraid to leave your house because of germs or fear of getting COVID-19 and that fear can elevate to agoraphobia.

He said people being forced to stay at home is giving them a small glimpse of what is like to deal with agoraphobia.

“I think it gives people a taste of what it’s like,” said Goodman, “It’s (COVID-19) giving people legitimacy to stay home. Whereas if you have agoraphobia and there’s no COVID-19 there’s no legitimate reason for you to stay home.”

“This makes you feel like you’re crazy because you are having an extreme reaction to something that you know consciously, you know, it’s not dangerous,” said Tanner.

Experts say there is treatment that can help people get better.

“It can be very depressing to have agoraphobia and any sort of anxiety because it limits your life,” said Goodman. “You tend not to socialize with people and you stay inside and that can be very depressing.”

Below are links to places where you can get help:

Click here to visit the Anxiety and Depression Association of American site.

Click here to visit the SAMHSA’s National Helpline.

To learn more about Ken Goodman click here to visit his website.

90,000 Fight against homeophobia – Newspaper Kommersant No. 231 (6952) dated 16.12.2020

New technologies are increasingly hostile to many citizens. Right now, for example, “smart intercoms” with video surveillance function have come under the distribution. In a number of cities, residents of houses where it is proposed to replace intercoms with more modern ones urge not to allow their installation, and some even break out the devices with axes. A video recording of a vandal with an ax, made just on the camera of the “smart intercom”, can be found on YouTube.

Aggression among citizens was fueled by the film “Domophobia” spreading on the Internet, which tells about the desire of the authorities to establish widespread surveillance of citizens.

The film was published on YouTube by the user “Vladimir Vladimirovich”, who did not upload other videos and was watched 4,000 times. Visually, the film is disguised as broadcasts of large TV channels, while its authorship is not disclosed, and the whole picture is built from scattered clips, which are voiced by the same voiceover.The investigation does not provide a single comment from a real expert, and the TelecomDaily analyst Denis Kuskov mentioned in it assured that he did not give comments for the film.

However, it was not difficult to determine the approximate circle of filmmakers. It is enough to use a search engine to see that it is actively spreading on sites and in groups in social networks owned by companies that are engaged in the installation of conventional, traditional intercoms in different regions. In addition, in addition to warnings about mass surveillance, the picture broadcasts the idea that large corporations are squeezing out of the market small service companies serving old intercoms.

Leaflets distributed at the entrances even directly name one of these “corporations” – the Internet provider ER-Telecom, which is active in the market of “smart intercoms” (other operators have recently become interested in the segment, including, for example, Rostelecom and MTS).

Interlocutors in the companies involved in the installation of “smart intercoms” confirm that the mass hysteria around such devices is beneficial primarily to manufacturers of traditional intercoms.

After all, instead of the intercom cut down with an ax, the management company will most likely return a simpler and cheaper device.The tenants themselves are unlikely to agree to put an expensive intercom with video surveillance a second time, because unreasonable neighbors can break it down again.

ER-Telecom confirmed to me that they have been struggling for a year “with similar schemes of non-competitive struggle on the part of owners of the old doorphone business” in Chelyabinsk, Novosibirsk, Krasnoyarsk, Nizhny Novgorod and other cities. It can be expected that with the development of technology, intimidation schemes will be used more and more often.

90,000 Domophobia bloomed in Karaganda – Kazakhstan News and April 2019 events

At an emergency meeting, the akim of the Karaganda region Abelgazi Kusainov ordered to check all the houses in the city, which were built at the expense of equity holders.

Let us remind you that on April 1, residents of one of the houses of the Karaganda residential complex “Besoba” sounded the alarm. A section of a five-story building with four entrances cracked and began to lurch. Already on April 3, the entrance to the emergency house was closed. People were warned about the need to pick up valuables and documents. Whoever could, took out furniture, plumbing and even flooring. The city authorities promised to assess the danger and make a decision in the coming days. However, experts even then unofficially stated that the house is unlikely to stand until the end of the week.And on April 6, their words were confirmed – throwing up clouds of dust, the five-story building collapsed in a split second.

Police immediately cordoned off the disaster area. And at this time, the analysis of the rubble continues. Akim of Karaganda Baurzhan Abdishev promised that all residents who lost their homes will receive either new housing or monetary compensation. On the assurances of the head of the city, this issue will be resolved on April 11. Now the authorities are working closely with the affected people, calculating the amount of compensation. In the meantime, most of the ex-besobins live with relatives.Only 7 families agreed to the help of the authorities – to temporarily settle in a former hostel on the outskirts of the city. Another two or three families were sheltered by residents of neighboring houses, who were not spared by this emergency.

The collapsed house damaged the water supply system, and the entire elite complex was left without water. The repair of the water supply system will be possible only after the completion of the work to dismantle the ruins, but for now, water is brought here twice a day by special vehicles. Also on April 11, specialists from the Karaganda Institute KazMIRR intend to announce the results of a preliminary examination of soil, grounds, foundations and load-bearing structures.

Residents of houses no. 5 and no. 6, as well as the surviving four entrances of house no. 7, are waiting for the examination with special impatience. They claim that there are cracks in their houses too, and they are afraid to live there. In response to complaints, the authorities ordered an inspection of the entire residential complex. According to preliminary data of experts, collapse does not threaten neighboring buildings. Meanwhile, the prosecutor’s office of the Karaganda region is looking for the culprit, initiating a criminal case on this fact. And judging by the press service of the akim, Baurzhan Abdishev gave instructions to punish those who built and those who received it.By the way, the head of the developer company, Andrey Malyanov, has been searched for fraud for two years, but it is not difficult to find the person responsible for taking the house into operation. On the act of state acceptance, which says that the hotel-type residential complex for 124 apartments was built in accordance with building rules and regulations, there is the signature of the ex-akim of the city Islam Togaybayev.

Robert Keller, Karaganda

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Claustrophobia (domophobia) – fear of enclosed space

Home »Phobias» Phobias »Claustrophobia (domophobia) – fear of enclosed space

However, treatment is necessary and it is unwise to postpone a visit to the doctor.

Causes of claustrophobia and its treatment

When it comes to claustrophobia, experts say that the origins of this psychological problem must be sought in childhood. But, nevertheless, scientists do not name specific causes or situations that could be the starting point for the development of the disease. It is only known that a very strong stressful episode took place, providing further attacks of fear that the person is not able to control.Also, due to the fact that the situation has been experienced for a long time, the information remains in the subconscious, and then the patient only has the opportunity to learn the endless struggle with the signs of this insidious phobia.

Treatment of a mental disorder is successful if it is complex, when there is not only psychological, but also psychotherapeutic impact. The psychotherapist prescribes medications, mainly antidepressants. They are necessary in order to relieve an attack of phobic fear, manifested in an acute form, to calm the patient, to give rest to his nervous system.Psychologists use many therapeutic techniques for treatment, but such as hypnotic trance, NLP techniques, systematic desensitization are especially often used, logotherapeutic techniques are no less effective.

How is the treatment carried out? The psychologist puts the patient into a state of hypnosis, which allows the patient to relax and calm down as much as possible. Then the doctor eliminates the cause that caused the claustrophobia, instills in the person information, on the basis of which the patient finally forgets about his irrational fear, and his self-confidence is strengthened.With the method of systematic desensitization, the patient is trained in various techniques that are excellent in relaxing, and are indispensable when an acute attack of claustrophobia occurs unexpectedly. Often, special exercises are used in treatment, which are called “pumping”, “flooding”, and “mismatch”. Physical exercises are also very popular, for example, the method of muscle relaxation according to the Jacobson method is effective.

Recently, NLP (neurolinguistic programming) techniques have become widespread in the treatment of phobias.In this case, we mean work that includes various speech turns. But first of all, the patient must be aware of the degree of his phobia himself, and not allow the panic state to completely seize him, making it impossible to act rationally. The psychologist teaches how to get out of this state in a similar situation correctly and without harm to the nervous system.

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90,000 Do you have phobias?

Inspired by post ya_doran .
I decided to read what phobias I have… It turned out that the darkness is dark!

Acrophobia (aerocrophobia, aeronosiphobia, bateophobia, hypsyphobia, hyposophobia) – fear of heights.
Appears suddenly. The first time I felt it on Mount Ai-Petri in the Crimea. It was fun to ride up the funicular, but when I climbed the mountain itself and came to the railing … I’ve never been so scared in my life. Ecumenical horror rolled over. There was a cliff below me, and somewhere below there were tiny trees and buildings. I still remember those feelings. Now I am considering the option of buying an apartment on the 16-17 floor, but I’m afraid that I won’t even be able to go out to the balcony there…

Acousticophobia (phonophobia) – fear of sounds, talking on the phone.
An old phobia. When I was a child, my best friend’s brother used to spread rot on the phone. When I called, he scratched some nonsense, threatened that he would call the PBX, demanded that I say “Hello, excuse me, could you …” Since then, it’s easier for me to talk in person than to pick up the phone. Close people, this, of course, does not apply.

Glenophobia – fear of the doll’s gaze.
Not to say that a phobia-phobia is straightforward, but now they are releasing such dolls, from the look of which it really becomes uncomfortable.

Glossophobia (peiraphobia) – fear of public speaking.
Ohhh well, that’s it. I often have to speak at conferences and this is always a terrible stress for me. I have more pribabakh, I NEVER read from a piece of paper, always by heart, I stop rehearsing a million times, I freak out, I’m afraid. But when I start to speak, fear disappears like a hand and comes 100% confidence.

Homicidophobia – fear of committing murder.
A maniac died in me. Sometimes a frightening thought comes to mind to go out and overwhelm someone.

Dentophobia (odontophobia, monotophobia) – fear of dentists, dentists, dental treatment.
Well, nothing, soon the denture will be inserted and business)))

Carcinophobia (carcinophobia, carcinophobia) – fear of getting cancer, a malignant tumor.
The most powerful of my phobias. Slightly where it stung – everything, cancer.

Claustrophobia (domophobia) – fear of a closed space.
Started relatively recently, manifests itself in an unusual way.I’m not afraid of elevators and small confined spaces. But I am afraid of small apartments with low ceilings. It really starts to seem like I’m in a box, it becomes terribly uncomfortable. It’s just that I myself live in a very spacious apartment with high ceilings. The next one would like to buy a studio.

Nomophobia – fear of being left without a mobile phone, without communication.
Well, everything is clear.

Symbolophobia – fear of unfavorable omens.
I can be very superstitious.Previously, birds often flew into the apartment, so every time I was waiting for some kind of kapets. But once in a while, this phobia is not necessary.

Thermophobia – fear of heat, heat.
In the heat, I just die, the pressure rises, I’m afraid to go outside.

Inject, what phobias you have!

UPD Mom said that I have only acousticophobia from the list (and it always was, even before my friend’s brother) and symbophobia) And the rest is garbage.

Marketing Dracula. How to make money on human fears – Igor Kozulya “📚 Knigomir – Free Online Library

graphophobia – fear of writing by hand, writing utensils

humophobia (humaphobia) – fear of taste

deipnophobia (delpnophobia) – fear of lunch, talking at dinner –

on the right right-sided

delpnophobia (deipnophobia) – fear of lunch, talking at dinner

dementophobia – fear of insanity, madness

demonophobia (satanophobia) – evil spirit3, demons2 ochlophobia) – fear of crowds, crowds

dendrophobia – fear of trees

dentophobia (odontophobia, monotophobia) – fear of dentists, dentists, dental treatment

dermatozophobia skin diseases

defecaloesiophobia – fear of painful sensations in the intestines

decidophobia – fear of making decisions

diabetophobia – fear of diabetes

dydascaleinophobia dydaskaleinophobia dydascaleinophobia dydascaleinophobia dydascaleinophobia dydascaleinophobia scolinophobia 2 school

– phobia

phobia

(vertigophobia) – fear of nausea, dizziness, whirlpools

diplophobia – fear of splitting (an optical phenomenon)

dipsophobia – fear of drinking, drinking

dysabillophobia or disability before getting naked by someone

dysmorphophobia – fear of one’s own appearance

dyspsyhophobia – fear of going crazy

dysthyphobia – fear of an accident

doxophobia – fear of gratitude

02 domatophobia – fear of houses in general, stay in a house

domophobia (claustrophobia) – fear of enclosed space

doraphobia – fear of fur, animal skins

dorophobia – fear of receiving or giving gifts – fear of traffic

eupophobia – fear of hearing good news

eureciphobia – fear of ideas that differ from generally accepted

zeusophobia – fear of gods

– fear of zelophobia – fear of zeletophobia rats

zoophobia – fear of animals

iatrophobia – fear of visiting a doctor

ideophobia – fear of ideas, thinking

hierophobia (hagiophobia, hyerophobia, sacred objects, gadiophobia3) 90,052 from olophobia (anuptaphobia, autophobia, monophobia, eremiphobia, eremophobia) – fear of loneliness, celibacy

isopterophobia – fear of wood-eating insects, termites

dizziness insanity -3000 – fear of insects

intimophobia – fear of the first intimate relationship

infarctophobia – fear of myocardial infarction

iophobia – fear of poisons, poisoning

molyphobia

isiderodromophobia – fear of road tracks

itifallophobia – fear of contemplation and thoughts about an erect penis

ichthyophobia – fear of fish

kainolophobia kainophobia – kainophobia, kainophobia, news biya) – fear of novelty

kayrophobia – fear of change, the appearance of strangers

kakorrafiophobia – fear of defeat, failure

cacophobia (teratophobia) – fear of monsters

9000strazy women

cardiophobia – fear of a heart attack, death from heart disease

carnophobia – fear of meat

catagelophobia – fear of being ridiculed, becoming an object of ridicule

catapedaphobia

catapedaphobia

– fear of sitting

catoptrophobia (spectrophobia, eisoptrophobia) – fear of mirrors

counterphobia – fear of being frightened

katserophobia (carcinophobia boyephobia phobia

)fear of hair

keirophobia – fear of cutting when cutting (for hairdressers)

kenophobia – fear of emptiness, open spaces

kentophobia (kainophobia, kainolophobia, kainolophobia, kainophobia

– fear of thunder, thunder, lightning, storm

cyberophobia (cyberphobia) – fear of computers

cyberphobia (cyberophobia) – fear of computers

cybophobia – fear of food waves

kinetophobia (kinesophobia) – fear of movement, movement

kinophobia – fear of rabies, dogs

kionophobia (hionophobia) – fear of snow

cyprianophobia 3,000 cypridophobia (cyprianophobia) – fear of venereal diseases, prostitutes

kyphophobia – fear of stooping, bending over

claustrophobia (domophobia) – fear of a closed space

cleitrophobia (kleziophobia) – fear of a space

in a closed environment ) – fear of thieves, robbers, theft

climacophobia (climactophobia) – fear of walking up and down stairs

climacophobia (climacophobia) – fear of walking on stairs, stairs

hypnophobia (hypnophobia) , sleep, go to bed

cnidophobia – fear of stinging insects

coinophobia – fear of a room where many people gathered

coitophobia (erotophobia, collophobia, colpophobia) – fear of sex, 9000 coimetrophobia – fear cemeteries

koinoniphobia – fear of rooms in general

colpophobia (erotophobia, collophobia, coitophobia) – fear of love, sexual intercourse, female genitalia

Phobias (Letter K) | Lolcat.Ru

kainophobia (kainolophobia, kainophobia, kentophobia) – fear of news
kayrophobia – fear of change, the appearance of strangers
kakorrafiophobia – fear of defeat, failure
cacophobia – fear of freaks
carcinophobia, carcinophobia, malignant carcinophobia (carcinophobia) cardiophobia – fear of a heart attack, death from heart disease
carnophobia – fear of meat
carcinophobia (carcinophobia, carcinophobia) – fear of contracting cancer, malignant tumor
catagelophobia – fear of being ridiculed, becoming an object of ridicule
cataphysiophobia sit
cataphractophobia – fear of knights
catoptrophobia (spectrophobia, eisoptrophobia) – fear of mirrors
counterphobia – fear of being scared
keyrophobia – fear of cutting when cutting (for hairdressers)
computers kenophobia 67 bophobia – fear of food
kimophobia – fear of waves, wave-like movements
kinesophobia (kinetophobia) – fear of movement, movement
kinophobia – fear of rabies, dogs
kionophobia (hionophobia) – fear of snow
cyprianophobia – venomophobia diseases, cypridophobia
– fear of stooping, bending over
claustrophobia (domophobia) – fear of an enclosed space
kleziophobia (cleitrophobia) – fear of being trapped in a confined space
kleptophobia (scelerophobia, harpaxophobia) – fear of thieves, robbers, theft by menophobia (climacophobia) – climacophobia stairs
clinophobia (hypnophobia) – fear of hypnosis, sleep, going to bed
cnidophobia – fear of stinging insects
coinophobia – fear of a room where a lot of people gathered
coitophobia (erotophobia, collophobia, colpophobia) – fear of female sexuality, feminine phobia, 67 kolpophobia; – fear of cemeteries
koinoniphobia – fear of rooms more
cometophobia – fear of comets
counterphobia – fear of confrontation
counterphobia (countereltophobia) – fear of sexual harassment
copophobia – fear of fatigue, overwork
coprastasophobia – fear of constipation
coprophobia – fear of cosmic feces
coprophobia – fear of cosmic feces
kremnophobia – fear of abysses, ravines
criminophobia – fear of committing a crime
cryophobia (psychrophobia, cheimophobia, frigophobia) – fear of cold
crystallophobia (hyalophobia, hyelophobia) – 900 fear of glass phobias; xerophobia – fear of dryness, drought
xyrophobia – fear of razors
kumpunophobia – fear of buttons, one person out of 75 thousand suffers
kherophobia – fear of entertainment
khorophobia (chorophobia) – fear of dancing

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