How did you know you had chlamydia: What Are the Symptoms & Signs of Chlamydia?

22.11.201921.04.2021 by alexxlab

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What Are the Symptoms & Signs of Chlamydia?

People with chlamydia usually don’t have symptoms, so most people don’t know they have it. If you do notice signs of chlamydia, get tested. Here’s what to look for.

Chlamydia usually has no symptoms.

Chlamydia can be sneaky, because you probably won’t have any symptoms you can see or feel. Sometimes the signs of chlamydia are so mild that people don’t notice them, or they mistake the symptoms for something else. Most of the time, people don’t even realize they have chlamydia — that’s part of the reason it’s such a common infection (and why it’s so important to get tested).

Chlamydia can lead to serious infections and even infertility if you don’t treat it. But it’s usually easy to cure it with medicine if you catch it early. This is why regular STD testing is so important, no matter how healthy you feel.

Signs of chlamydia

If you do have chlamydia symptoms, they can take several weeks after you got the infection to show up. Symptoms of chlamydia can appear in both men and women, including:

pain or burning while peeing
pain during sex
lower belly pain
abnormal vaginal discharge (may be yellowish and have a strong smell)
bleeding between periods
pus or a watery/milky discharge from the penis
swollen or tender testicles
pain, discharge and/or bleeding around the anus

If chlamydia infects your eyes, you may have redness, skin discoloration around your eye, itching, or discharge. Sometimes chlamydia infections in the throat cause soreness, but it’s rare.

If you or your partner has any of these symptoms, go to a nurse, doctor, or your local Planned Parenthood Health Center. It’s especially important to get checked out if you’re pregnant.

Remember, most people don’t show any signs at all when they have chlamydia. That’s why the only way to find out for sure if you have chlamydia is to get tested.

What it’s like to have an STI

This article is also available in: português, español

Pubic lice: “I was shell shocked”

I found a pubic louse on my stomach. I was horrified. I freaked out because I hate insects and my instinct was to run to my mum who was in the house. I shaved off all of my body hair. The thought of INSECTS living on my body doesn’t really please me. I searched online for a treatment and got the shampoo they recommended. I was shell shocked because I really didn’t see this coming. I always use protection but this is something which can’t be prevented. I was ashamed of myself. But I came to realize that it was very common and I had nothing to be ashamed of.
—Anonymous

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Chlamydia: “I had no symptoms at all”

I had sexual relations with my best friend and she found out she had chlamydia, so I went to get I checked with a couple other people we had slept with. The treatment didn’t work the first time so I had to have it a second time. The boyfriend I had at the time of being diagnosed broke up with me … possibly more [because of] the fact that it was with a female … I told my current boyfriend that I didn’t want to sleep with him until I knew I was clean … and his response was quite possibly the best response I could’ve asked for. I was too embarrassed to tell my family but kept it between our friends … we would all go and get checked together then go shopping after.

I found telling my boyfriend at the time incredibly difficult as our relationship wasn’t the smoothest at this point, and I was thinking that if we broke up he would go around and tell all the people I knew at college. The process of being diagnosed isn’t as bad as you think. I did the swab myself in the clinic’s toilets and had a great chat with the nurse. I had no symptoms at all. If it wasn’t for my friend telling me, I wouldn’t have known anything was wrong. Always tell the people you have slept with no matter how embarrassing, as often the impact of the STI gets worse over time.
—Anonymous

Herpes, HPV, and chlamydia: “We were monogamous”

I was diagnosed with chlamydia in 2015, HPV in 2016, and herpes 2 in 2018. My three experiences were very different. I contracted chlamydia from an unfaithful partner I had been with for two years. Because we were “monogamous”, I had no reason to suspect an STD. I had no symptoms and was only diagnosed when they ran an STD test at my annual vaginal exam. When I contracted HPV, I had a genital wart and went to a student health clinic that did not file insurance. My Christian parents are very strict and I feared that they would disown me if they knew I’d had sex. The doctor initially told me I had cancer, and it wasn’t until I visited my local Planned Parenthood that I realized HPV wasn’t as big of a deal.

When I contracted herpes was the worst. I was in a monogamous relationship with someone and thought I was being responsible. We had both had STD tests before deciding to have unprotected sex. He neglected to tell me that he had been exposed to herpes previously. Two days after we had unprotected sex, I became very ill with flu-like symptoms which lasted nearly a month. I then had symptoms that I attributed to a yeast infection (itching, discharge), and eventually a painful wound appeared near my vagina opening. I thought this was from scratching too hard. I went to three doctors for the “yeast infection”, and two for the flu-like symptoms, before one of them finally looked at my vagina. She immediately recognized the lesions and did a vaginal swab, which was so painful that I screamed. This was on a Thursday and over the weekend I had a fever of 101℉ and so much pain that I could barely walk. I thought I was dying. I had to tell my parents because I live alone and had no one to care for me and I couldn’t care for myself. They were surprisingly supportive. As soon as I got on medication, my symptoms improved and I now take a daily dose to prevent an outbreak.
—Anonymous, female, 21

Chlamydia: “Sex became painful”

Sex with my husband suddenly became painful, and I suffered for months because I thought there was something wrong with me. My husband started to have symptoms so we both got checked out. He found out that he had chlamydia and let me know, so I was not surprised when I got my diagnosis. He had two weeks of antibiotics and I had three. While we were treated months ago I am still having strange discharge and pain during sex and when using tampons. It has affected the relationship between my husband and I because I am still suffering from related symptoms. It has not affected the trust between us because of the nature of our relationship.
I was surprised that my husband didn’t know that you can contract STIs from oral sex. Also, I think there needs to be more talk about discharge. My discharge had suddenly changed and I could not find any information that was close to what I have other than forums with questions from other women that were left unanswered.
—Anonymous

Gonorrhea and chlamydia: “My blood tests came back negative”

I had to do a mandatory urine test for a medical examination [and I] received a call back a few days later saying I had to come in for a follow up. Doctor let me know that they found chlamydia and gonorrhea in my urine. Was treated immediately (injection and one pill). I didn’t have a partner at the time, but my previous partner did tell me that he experienced some abnormalities on his penis and told me to go get checked out. I had done blood tests and they came back negative, not thinking to do the urine. I told a couple of my friends, no family. I should be more careful with partners and protection now, but it’s difficult.
—Anonymous, cisgender woman, 21

Chlamydia: “I never told anyone”

I found out I had chlamydia just before I dated my boyfriend, when it began to be serious I got tested but I never told anyone (him, friends, family) the result. I took my medicine in secret and began to have sex without a condom once I was clean. I told him my test was negative. Since I have a “sex education role” towards my friends, I couldn’t admit I made a mistake, and I never told my family because they are not open about sexuality in general. I had to face all this alone and I spent a lot of money for the test. It was a very stressful moment, I was not even 19 and in my country when you turn 18, all these tests aren’t free anymore.
—Anonymous, woman, France, 20

Herpes: “My boyfriend had herpes on his hand”

My boyfriend at the time found out a small bump on his hand was herpes and he was extremely upset … I went to the doctor to ask for advice and she said, “You’re probably going to get herpes if you stay together, but don’t worry lots of people have herpes and it’s not that bad.” I decided to stay with my boyfriend and a few months later I felt flu-like symptoms, followed by painful blisters on my labia. I went back to the doctor and she confirmed, yes, it was herpes. I took some medication but the side effects were terrible, I felt nauseous, feverish and completely spaced out. Since then I’ve never taken medication. I felt pretty bad at first, dirty and ashamed, and my boyfriend was again very upset and felt guilty for giving me herpes …

I wondered how [I would] deal with dating in the future and telling people. But as time went on that relationship ended and I dated plenty of other people who either also had herpes or who weren’t worried about it. It became kind of a test—I’d see how people reacted to me telling them, and then know if I wanted to keep seeing them.

Later in queer relationships I found out about using latex gloves for safe sex, and I felt upset that the first doctor I went to didn’t suggest that. Now I don’t feel as much shame: I’ve told many friends and lovers … These days my symptoms are much less severe, but still affect my daily life. Sometimes I need to take time off work due to the flu-like symptoms that can come with a herpes outbreak. On the other hand, having herpes has forced me to take better care of myself: less alcohol and chocolate, more sleep, less stress, as those are some of the things that trigger outbreaks for me. It seems like herpes outbreaks are also related to my period, often coming just before my period, or during/after if I use sanitary pads.
—Anonymous, non-binary, 38

HPV: “A brush with cancer”

My annual pap smear came back abnormal. I waited 6 months, as per protocol and went for another one. Abnormal again. Went for an HPV screening and was tested positive for strains 16, 18 and 31—all very high risk strains, known for causing cervical cancer. I had been dating the same person for 5 years at that point, and it caused major strain in our relationship, not knowing where the virus came from or why it had popped up.

What is important to remember is that HPV can lie dormant in a carrier for a long time, so getting diagnosed with it does not necessarily mean your partner cheated. I felt incredibly alone and isolated, because my partner couldn’t understand what I was going through, nor could my friends. After I was tested positive for HPV, I went for a colposcopy, which showed severe cervical dysplasia. I had to undergo a cone biopsy under general anaesthesia to remove CIN3, which was afterward identified as cancerous. It was a massive shock to my system—not necessarily the op (it was sore and uncomfortable and I bled for about 2 months afterwards) but the emotional impact which I did not expect. I was insecure and felt broken, like I would never be whole or myself again. It’s now two years post op, all my pap smears have come back clean, and I’m only now feeling I’m getting back on track.

The stigma about STIs is real. For a long time I was too embarrassed to talk about it. Now, however, I’m the first one to warn my girlfriends about regular testing and to share my brush with cancer, hoping it will help less people go through the experience.
—Anonymous, female, South Africa, 29

HPV, chlamydia, and herpes: “The stigma around STIs is harmful”

I was 20 when I was diagnosed with chlamydia and HPV. My gynecologist’s nurse called me, sent the prescription to my pharmacy and told me to abstain from sex for a week. I had little to no information and felt very “dirty” and that I had acted “slutty” and cried myself to sleep. I informed my then-partner and the other three partners I had been with since my last screening. My then-partner dumped me, even after he tested negative. Two of the other men dodged my phone calls for weeks. Only one person, still a friend now 10 years later, answered that he had screened a week prior and was negative.

I hadn’t screened for HIV at the initial visit so I went to my university clinic where the nurse raised her eyebrows at me and gave me a lecture. As a medical professional myself years later, I realize that she was wrong to judge and should have encouraged me and my friends to screen regularly. The man who dumped me was eventually diagnosed with herpes, another very common STI, but had faced a lot of stigma since. He eventually apologized and described his own struggles with the stigma and it was very healing.

I’ve had more patients cry in my office about herpes than HIV, which is actually life-threatening. But stigma around STIs is harmful. I never say “clean” or “dirty”. I want everyone to know that all STIs are manageable and most are curable.
—Anonymous, woman, 29

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Words by Jadie Troy-Pryde

When it comes to STIs, it’s more important than ever that we’re clued up about the risks of catching an infection from a sexual partner. Cases of syphilis are at an all time high in England, and when you use this calculator to work out how many people you have indirectly slept with using protection suddenly becomes imperative – and these smart condoms become a whole lot more attractive.

But considering that chlamydia is actually one of the most common sexually transmitted infections in the UK, how much do you really now about it? Do you know what signs and symptoms to look out for? And are you clued up on how to treat it if you do catch it?

Here’s everything you need to know about the STI that affects around 200,000 people in England every year.

What is chlamydia?

Chlamydia is a sexually transmitted infection (or STI) that can be passed from person to person through unprotected vaginal, anal or oral sex. It is one of the most common STIs, and the NHS reports that the majority of people they treat are sexually active youngsters under 25 years old. However, it is not an ageist condition so it’s important that people of all ages are carefully when it comes to protecting themselves from chlamydia.

It is largely symptomless, which is why it’s so important to get checked regularly because it can have serious implications for women later in life if left untreated. However, some people do experience symptoms so there are things to look out for if you’re concerned you may have chlamydia.

What are the most common chlamydia symptoms for women?

Credit: Rex

Abnormal vaginal discharge, possibly with an unusual odour
Bleeding between periods or after sex
Abdominal pain and painful/heavy periods
Pain when urinating or during sex
Itching or burning in or around the vagina

It is incredibly important that women are vigilant when it comes to getting checked for chlamydia as, if it is left untreated, it can cause pelvic inflammatory disease which could lead to ectopic pregnancy and infertility.

What are the most common chlamydia symptoms for men?

A clear or cloudy discharge from the tip of the penis
Pain when urinating
Swelling around the testicles
Itching or burning around the opening of the penis

When left untreated, the infection could cause swelling in the tubes that carry sperm from the testicles which may affect a man’s fertility.

How can I get a chlamydia test?

A chlamydia test can be taken for free at a sexual health clinic, a genitourinary medicine clinic (GUM clinic) or at your local GP surgery. They require a urine test or a swab test, but you don’t always need to have a physical examination by a nurse or doctor. Often you are provided with the kit and can return the sample, and await a call to let you know the result approximately 7 to 10 days later.

If you are under 25, you can also ask for a test at some pharmacies, contraception clinics or colleges, and it is recommended that if you fall within this age bracket that you are tested for the STI every year or every time you change sexual partner.

It is also possible to buy chlamydia kits if you would rather do this at home, however the accuracy of these has been disputed.

How do you treat chlamydia?

The usual treatment plan is a course of antibiotics which you may be required to take in one day, or over a period of a week. Whether your treatment lasts a day or a week, it’s advised that you avoid sexual contact with anybody for seven days to ensure that the infection is cured and to prevent it from spreading.

Can chlamydia come back?

Credit: Rex

You can catch chlamydia more than once, and if you have already had the infection you are at an increased risk of catching it again. The NHS suggest that after contracting the STI and seeking treatment, you should return and get checked three months afterwards.

How can I avoid catching chlamydia?

The best way to prevent it is by using a condom every time you have vaginal, anal and oral sex, and to avoid sharing sex toys. Alternatively women can opt to use a dam. Make sure you are tested regularly and whenever you change sexual partner.

STD Facts – Chlamydia

Chlamydia is a common sexually transmitted disease (STD) that can be easily cured. If left untreated, chlamydia can make it difficult for a woman to get pregnant.

What is chlamydia?

Chlamydia is a common STD that can infect both men and women. It can cause serious, permanent damage to a woman’s reproductive system. This can make it difficult or impossible for her to get pregnant later on. Chlamydia can also cause a potentially fatal ectopic pregnancy (pregnancy that occurs outside the womb).

How is chlamydia spread?

You can get chlamydia by having vaginal, anal, or oral sex with someone who has chlamydia.

If your sex partner is male you can still get chlamydia even if he does not ejaculate (cum).

If you’ve had chlamydia and were treated in the past, you can still get infected again. This can happen if you have unprotected sex with someone who has chlamydia.

If you are pregnant, you can give chlamydia to your baby during childbirth.

How can I reduce my risk of getting chlamydia?

The only way to avoid STDs is to not have vaginal, anal, or oral sex.

If you are sexually active, you can do the following things to lower your chances of getting chlamydia:

Be in a long-term mutually monogamous relationship with a partner who has been tested and has negative STD test results;
Use latex condoms the right way every time you have sex.

Am I at risk for chlamydia?

Anyone who has sex can get chlamydia through unprotected vaginal, anal, or oral sex. However, sexually active young people are at a higher risk of getting chlamydia. This is due to behaviors and biological factors common among young people. Gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men are also at risk since chlamydia can spread through oral and anal sex.

Have an honest and open talk with your health care provider. Ask whether you should be tested for chlamydia or other STDs. If you are a sexually active woman younger than 25 years, you should get a test for chlamydia every year. If you are an older woman with risk factors such as new or multiple sex partners, or a sex partner who has an STD, you should get a test for chlamydia every year. Gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men; as well as pregnant women should also get tested for chlamydia.

I’m pregnant. How does chlamydia affect my baby?

If you are pregnant and have chlamydia, you can pass the infection to your baby during delivery. This could cause an eye infection or pneumonia in your newborn. Having chlamydia may also make it more likely to deliver your baby too early.

If you are pregnant, you should get tested for chlamydia at your first prenatal visit. Testing and treatment are the best ways to prevent health problems.

How do I know if I have chlamydia?

Most people who have chlamydia have no symptoms. If you do have symptoms, they may not appear until several weeks after you have sex with an infected partner. Even when chlamydia causes no symptoms, it can damage your reproductive system.

Women with symptoms may notice

An abnormal vaginal discharge;
A burning sensation when urinating.

Symptoms in men can include

A discharge from their penis;
A burning sensation when urinating;
Pain and swelling in one or both testicles (although this is less common).

Men and women can also get infected with chlamydia in their rectum. This happens either by having receptive anal sex, or by spread from another infected site (such as the vagina). While these infections often cause no symptoms, they can cause

Rectal pain;
Discharge;
Bleeding.

You should be examined by your doctor if you notice any of these symptoms or if your partner has an STD or symptoms of an STD. STD symptoms can include an unusual sore, a smelly discharge, burning when urinating, or bleeding between periods.

How will my doctor know if I have chlamydia?

Laboratory tests can diagnose chlamydia. Your health care provider may ask you to provide a urine sample or may use (or ask you to use) a cotton swab to get a sample from your vagina to test for chlamydia.

Can chlamydia be cured?

Yes, chlamydia can be cured with the right treatment. It is important that you take all of the medication your doctor prescribes to cure your infection. When taken properly it will stop the infection and could decrease your chances of having complications later on. You should not share medication for chlamydia with anyone.

Repeat infection with chlamydia is common. You should be tested again about three months after you are treated, even if your sex partner(s) was treated.

I was treated for chlamydia. When can I have sex again?

You should not have sex again until you and your sex partner(s) have completed treatment. If your doctor prescribes a single dose of medication, you should wait seven days after taking the medicine before having sex. If your doctor prescribes a medicine for you to take for seven days, you should wait until you have taken all of the doses before having sex.

What happens if I don’t get treated?

The initial damage that chlamydia causes often goes unnoticed. However, chlamydia can lead to serious health problems.

If you are a woman, untreated chlamydia can spread to your uterus and fallopian tubes (tubes that carry fertilized eggs from the ovaries to the uterus). This can cause pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). PID often has no symptoms, however some women may have abdominal and pelvic pain. Even if it doesn’t cause symptoms initially, PID can cause permanent damage to your reproductive system. PID can lead to long-term pelvic pain, inability to get pregnant, and potentially deadly ectopic pregnancy (pregnancy outside the uterus).

Men rarely have health problems linked to chlamydia. Infection sometimes spreads to the tube that carries sperm from the testicles, causing pain and fever. Rarely, chlamydia can prevent a man from being able to have children.

Untreated chlamydia may also increase your chances of getting or giving HIV – the virus that causes AIDS.

Where can I get more information?

STD information and referrals to STD Clinics
CDC-INFO
1-800-CDC-INFO (800-232-4636)
TTY: 1-888-232-6348
In English, en Español

CDC National Prevention Information Network (NPIN)
P.O. Box 6003
Rockville, MD 20849-6003
E-mail: [email protected]

American Sexual Health Association (ASHA)external icon
P.O. Box 13827
Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-3827
919-361-8488

10 Essential Facts About Chlamydia

2. Chlamydia Is Caused by Sexually Transmitted Bacteria

The bacteria Chlamydia trachomatis causes chlamydia infection, which usually occurs in the genital tract, so the cervix in women and the penis in men. In both women and men, the bacteria may also infect the rectum and the throat.

“Infections are spread during any kind of sexual activity: vaginal, anal, or oral intercourse,” says Jonathan Schaffir, MD, an ob-gyn at Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center in Columbus.

Chlamydia trachomatis can also cause conjunctivitis (pink eye) if the bacteria come into contact with the eyelids or the clear membrane covering the white of the eye.

Because chlamydia infections often cause no symptoms, individuals who have one may not seek medical attention or get treated for it. However, anyone who is infected with chlamydia can pass it to other people, who can, in turn, pass it to others.

3. Young Sexually Active Women Are Most Susceptible

Women between ages 15 and 24 are most likely to be newly infected with chlamydia, according to the CDC, but anyone who is sexually active — male or female — can be infected. Men who have oral or anal sex with men are also at risk, notes the CDC. The CDC recommends regular chlamydia screenings for people at an increased risk of contracting it.

You should be screened annually for chlamydia if you are:

A sexually active woman under age 25
A woman age 25 or older who has multiple sexual partners
A woman whose sexual partner may have multiple sexual partners
Pregnant and under age 25 or pregnant and age 25 or older with an increased risk (pregnant women at risk for chlamydia should be screened as early as possible in the pregnancy, with a repeat screening in the third trimester)
A man who has sex with men
At an increased risk for other health reasons

“I would emphasize that young women should be screened if they engage in any sexual behavior that puts them at risk because [chlamydia] often has no symptoms, and early treatment is important to avoid long-term damage and infertility,” Dr. Schaffir says.

Screening for chlamydia is painless: It usually involves testing a urine sample or a specimen swabbed from the vagina or penis. Some lab tests for chlamydia can use specimens from the throat or rectum.

4. Chlamydia Is Only Contagious From Person to Person

You can only get chlamydia by having intimate sexual contact with an infected person, not from casual contact, touching another person’s clothing, or consuming contaminated food or water.

“The chlamydia organism lives only in human cells and cannot be transmitted by external contact, such as towels or toilet seats,” Schaffir says.

5. Symptoms Can Differ for Men and Women

“By and large, most cases of chlamydia are asymptomatic — they are picked up by screening, which is why it’s so important to have good screening programs in place,” notes Dr. Stoner. Men or women who have chlamydia symptoms may experience painful urination.

Women may also have these symptoms:

Abdominal pain
Smelly discharge from the cervix
Pain during sex
Bleeding after sex
Bleeding between periods

And men may have these symptoms:

6. Chlamydia Infection May Have Long-Term Health Consequences

For women, the long-term effects of an untreated chlamydia infection may include:

Severe infection with pain and fever requiring a hospital stay
Pelvic inflammatory disease, an infection of the upper reproductive tract
Scarring in the reproductive tract that causes infertility
Higher risk of ectopic pregnancy

Men are less likely than women to have major health problems linked to chlamydia, although they can develop epididymitis, an inflammation of a structure within the testicles called the epididymis that can result in infertility.

A chlamydia infection can sometimes result in reactive arthritis in both men and women.

7. A Woman Can Pass Chlamydia on to Her Newborn During Childbirth

When a baby is exposed to the mother’s untreated chlamydia infection during childbirth, the infant can contract an eye infection or pneumonia, requiring treatment with antibiotics. Chlamydia during pregnancy also raises the risk of premature birth and low birth weight.

8. Antibiotics Are a Highly Effective Cure for Chlamydia Infection

Antibiotics prescribed for chlamydia include:

A single oral dose of Zithromax is the most common treatment. Other drugs may be given in varying doses for a period of up to a week. Most cases of chlamydia clear up within a week after you start on antibiotics.

“If you think you have been exposed to chlamydia,” Stoner says, “see your healthcare provider to receive antibiotic medication to prevent the onset of infection.”

The partners of individuals diagnosed with chlamydia will need treatment, too, and in some states they can get it without a doctor visit through a practice called “expedited partner therapy,” in which the first person treated delivers the treatment to their partner or partners.

9. You Can Get Chlamydia More Than Once

With some diseases, having one infection makes you immune to future infections. That’s not the case with chlamydia. If you engage in sexual activity with a person who has a chlamydia infection, you can get it again, even if you’ve just completed treatment for it.

“Both partners should be treated before reinitiating sexual intercourse to prevent relapse,” Schaffir says.

10. Chlamydia Can Be Prevented

The most effective way to avoid getting a sexually transmitted infection is to not have sex. However, if you wish to have sexual contact, you can reduce your risk of infection with these actions:

Minimizing the number of partners with whom you have intimate contact
Asking your partners to get screened for STDs (and getting screened yourself) before engaging in sexual activity
Always using latex condoms when having intercourse of any kind

Additional reporting by Ingrid Strauch.

Chlamydia – Symptoms – NHS

Most people who have chlamydia don’t notice any symptoms.

If you do get symptoms, these usually appear between 1 and 3 weeks after having unprotected sex with an infected person. For some people they don’t develop until many months later.

Sometimes the symptoms can disappear after a few days. Even if the symptoms disappear you may still have the infection and be able to pass it on.

Symptoms in women

At least 70% of women with chlamydia don’t notice any symptoms. If they do get symptoms, the most common include:

pain when urinating
unusual vaginal discharge
pain in the tummy or pelvis
pain during sex
bleeding after sex
bleeding between periods

If chlamydia is left untreated, it can spread to the womb and cause a serious condition called pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). This is a major cause of ectopic pregnancy and infertility in women.

Read more about the complications of chlamydia.

Symptoms in men

At least half of all men with chlamydia don’t notice any symptoms. If they do get symptoms, the most common include:

pain when urinating
white, cloudy or watery discharge from the tip of the penis
burning or itching in the urethra (the tube that carries urine out of the body)
pain in the testicles

If chlamydia is left untreated, the infection can cause swelling in the epididymis (the tubes that carry sperm from the testicles) and the testicles. This could affect your fertility.

Read more about the complications of chlamydia.

Chlamydia in the rectum, throat or eyes

Chlamydia can also infect:

the rectum (back passage) if you have unprotected anal sex – this can cause discomfort and discharge from your rectum
the throat if you have unprotected oral sex – this is uncommon and usually causes no symptoms
the eyes if they come into contact with infected semen or vaginal fluid – this can cause eye redness, pain and discharge (conjunctivitis)

When to seek medical advice

If you have any symptoms of chlamydia, visit your GP, community contraceptive service or local genitourinary medicine (GUM) clinic as soon as possible.

Find a sexual health clinic.

You should also get tested if you don’t have any symptoms but are concerned you could have a sexually transmitted infection (STI).

If you’re sexually active and under 25 years old, you should get tested for chlamydia every year or every time you have a new partner. You can get tested in places such as pharmacies, colleges and youth centres.

Read more about getting tested for chlamydia.

Page last reviewed: 04 June 2018
Next review due: 04 June 2021

This Is Exactly What Chlamydia And Gonorrhea Feel Like

Kylah Benes-Trapp/Shutterstock

I don’t know about all of you, but I grew up fearing sexually transmitted infections and diseases with every fiber of my pimply, adolescent being. Maybe it’s because I was an impressionable kid during the AIDS epidemic, and I watched many great artists I had admired from afar die from the virus way too young. (This was before the amazing medical advances we’ve made now.)

When I was in the third grade, I even convinced myself that I had AIDS from masturbating. I had this idea that anything sexual — even if it was something I did alone —would surely come with a terrible disease in tow.

Now, I’m older and I know better, but sometimes the fear of STDs is so pressing, I would rather just avoid the whole topic entirely.

But I’ve come to realize that’s a stupid way to live your life, especially when it comes to STDs, where knowledge is fucking power, honey. The truth will set you ~free~, babes (and keep you healthy).

The STDs I’ve avoided confronting the most are chlamydia and gonorrhea. Herpes has so many visible symptoms, it’s impossible not to think about, and HIV/AIDS had such a devastating impact on our culture, it’s been lingering in my brain forever.

I never really heard a ton about chlamydia or gonorrhea, though, so I didn’t seek out the knowledge often. In high school, it was like these were feared, elusive and quiet diseases.

Naturally, I heard about people getting it, but I was never really sure how I could get it or what the symptoms were. I assumed as long as I felt (and looked) OK, then I was totally fine.

It turns out, a lot of millennials have the same apathy toward chlamydia and gonorrhea I once had.

According to Elite Daily’s very own Sex Ed survey, the top three STDs millennial women are worried about getting are HIV/AIDS (50 percent), herpes (24 percent) and HPV (13 percent). The top three STDs millennial men are worried about getting are HIV/AIDS (55 percent), herpes (24 percent) and genital warts/syphilis (both 7 percent).

Chlamydia and gonorrhea were nowhere in sight.

So I decided it was time to break the chlamydia and gonorrhea silence and get some expert advice, and thank goodness I did, babes, because I learned a LOT.

I spoke with OB/GYN Dr. Katharine O’Connell White, MD, MPH, and asked her to tell me exactly what the ever-mysterious gonorrhea and chlamydia feel like.

Here is Dr. White’s sobering truth: 90 percent of STI cases are asymptomatic, meaning they have no physical symptoms whatsoever.

Dr. White explained both gonorrhea and chlamydia “don’t usually feel like anything.” “A lot of people think just because they feel fine, they are fine. And that simply isn’t true,” she says.

Both gonorrhea and chlamydia “don’t usually feel like anything.”

She also explains that STIs are notoriously “biologically against women.” This means women under 25 years old are in the majority of people who have both chlamydia and gonorrhea.

However, kittens, don’t think for a minute that just because both chlamydia and gonorrhea don’t have symptoms we should just ignore them and toss them aside like yesterday’s People Magazine.

If chlamydia and gonorrhea go untreated, they are likely to have extremely serious ramifications, which may be even more dire in women than in men.

If chlamydia and gonorrhea go untreated, they are likely to have extremely serious ramifications.

According to Dr. White, some of the symptoms women can experience when they have chlamydia and gonorrhea are “yellow-green discharge, light bleeding between your periods and an occasional burning sensation while urinating.”

The trouble with most of these symptoms is that, even if you do have them, they can seem not-so-serious.

I mean, who the hell makes it to 25 without a yeast infection? Let’s be real: What girl survives a summer without at least two yeast infections in three months? And what girl creature hasn’t ever experienced the occasional, extra vaginal discharge?

I know I’ve had a slew of yeast infections, lots of bizarre bouts of discharge AND spotting between my periods in my 30 years of surviving planet earth. But I never once thought I had gonorrhea or chlamydia.

Instead, I just blindly chalked it up to unbalanced hormones and a humid climate. And the truth is, it probably is just that. Once again, these two STIs are usually devoid of visible symptoms.

Dr. White also says that, although these STIs are usually more asymptomatic in women than they are in men, women are more likely to develop more serious complications from untreated chlamydia and gonorrhea. In fact, if both infections go untreated, there’s a higher risk for “pelvic inflammatory disease, infertility, chronic pelvic pain and cervical cancer.”

Women are more likely to develop more serious complications from untreated chlamydia and gonorrhea.

And don’t worry, boys, I didn’t neglect you. Dr. White told me if men do have physical symptoms of gonorrhea and chlamydia, they’re typically urine-related, like a burning sensation while peeing, frequent urination or a yellow-green discharge.

But like in women, the symptoms in men aren’t always visible. They don’t present themselves as lesions on the skin, so it’s impossible to know if your sex partner has either chlamydia and gonorrhea, if they don’t tell you.

Dr. White even suggests having “sex with the lights on” occasionally and that you should abstain from sex if you see lesions on the skin.

Lucky for all of us, Dr. White assures us chlamydia and gonorrhea can be cured! Chlamydia requires a dose of antibiotics, and gonorrhea can be gone with just a simple shot.

Chlamydia requires a dose of antibiotics and gonorrhea can be gone with just a simple shot.

So how often should we head to the clinic for testing? Dr. White says we should be getting tested at least once a year or more, depending on how many sexual partners you have or how high-risk your sexual partner is (i.e. sleeping with a lot of people or having an ex that was an intravenous drug user).

In short, use a condom, kittens. Condoms are 98 percent effective at preventing STDs. So wrap it up, get tested, enjoy the bloom of your youth and stay healthy.

Dr. White concludes by dropping this pearl of wisdom: “There are so many things we can’t control in the universe, and this is not one of them.”

Dr. White is a member of the National Coalition for Sexual Health and has provided us with more information on all things related to sexual health. For a deeper glance, click here.

Also, for more articles from Elite Daily’s “Sex ED” series, click here.

90,000 Chlamydia – Center for Disease Control and Prevention Fact Sheet

Chlamydia is a common sexually transmitted disease (STD) that is easily treatable. If untreated, chlamydia can make it difficult for a woman to become pregnant.

What is chlamydia?

Chlamydia (https://www.cdc.gov/std/chlamydia/default.htm) is a common sexually transmitted disease; both men and women can be infected with it.It can cause serious, permanent harm to the female reproductive system, which can subsequently make it difficult or impossible for a woman to become pregnant. Chlamydia can also cause a potentially life-threatening ectopic pregnancy (pregnancy outside the uterus).

How is chlamydia transmitted?

You can get chlamydia through sexual contact (vaginal, anal or oral) with someone who is infected with chlamydia.

If your partner is a man, you can get chlamydia even if you do not ejaculate (ejaculate).

If you have previously had chlamydia that you have cured, you can still get it. This can happen if you have unprotected sex with someone who has chlamydia.

If you are pregnant, your baby can be infected from you during birth (https://www.cdc.gov/std/pregnancy/stdfact-pregnancy.htm).

How can I reduce my risk of contracting chlamydia?

The only way to avoid STDs is not to have vaginal, anal or oral sex.

If you are sexually active, then to reduce the likelihood of contracting chlamydia:

Maintain a long-term mutual monogamous relationship with a partner who has been tested and tested negative for STDs;
correctly (https://www.cdc.gov/condomeffectiveness/male-condom-use.html) use latex condoms every time you have sex.

Is there a risk that I will contract chlamydia?

Anyone can contract chlamydia through unprotected vaginal, anal, or oral sex.However, sexually active youth are at greatest risk of chlamydia. This is due to young people’s behaviors and biological factors. Homosexuals, bisexuals and other men who have sex with men are also at risk of contracting chlamydia as it is transmitted during oral and anal sex.

Talk honestly and openly about this with your doctor. Ask if you need to be tested for chlamydia or other STDs.If you are a sexually active woman under the age of 25, you should get tested for chlamydia every year. If you are over 25 and have risk factors such as a new sex partner, multiple partners, or a sex partner with an STD, you should be tested for chlamydia every year. Homosexuals, bisexuals and other men who have sex with men, as well as pregnant women, should also be tested for chlamydia. (Https://www.cdc.gov/std/tg2015/screening-recommendations.htm)

I am pregnant.How will chlamydia affect my child?

If you are pregnant and have chlamydia, you can infect your baby during childbirth. This can lead to an eye infection or pneumonia in your newborn. Having chlamydia will also increase the likelihood of preterm birth.

If you are pregnant, you should get tested for chlamydia at your first prenatal visit to your doctor. Tests and treatments are the best ways to prevent health problems.

How do I know if I have chlamydia?

Most people with chlamydia have no symptoms.If you have symptoms, they may not show up in any way for several weeks after you have had sex with an infected partner. Even when chlamydia does not cause any symptoms, it can damage the reproductive system.

Women with symptoms may notice:

unusual vaginal discharge;
burning during urination.

Symptoms in men may include:

discharge from the penis;
burning sensation when urinating;

90,025 Pain and swelling of one or both testicles (although this is less common).

Men and women can also get chlamydia of the rectum. This occurs through receptive anal sex, or by spreading from another infected site (such as the vagina). Although these infections often cause no symptoms, they can cause:

rectal pain,
allocation,

90,025 bleeding.

You should see your doctor if you notice any of these symptoms or if your partner has an STD or STD symptoms.STD symptoms may include unusual pain, foul-smelling discharge, burning sensation when urinating, or bleeding between periods.

How will my doctor know if I have chlamydia?

There are laboratory tests for the diagnosis of chlamydia. Your healthcare provider may ask you to have a urine test, or may take a swab from your vagina with a cotton swab (or ask you to do so) to check for chlamydia.

Can chlamydia be cured?

Yes, with the right treatment, chlamydia can be cured.It is important that you take all the medicines your doctor has prescribed to heal your infection. Taking medication correctly will cure the infection and may reduce the likelihood of future complications. Do not give your chlamydia medications to anyone else.

Re-infection with chlamydia occurs frequently. You should check again about three months after your treatment ends, even if your partner (s) also received treatment.

I have been treated for chlamydia.When can I have sex again?

You should not have sex until you and your partner (s) have completed your treatment. If your doctor prescribes a single dose of a medicine, you should wait seven days after taking this medicine before resuming sex. If your doctor prescribes the medication for seven days, you should wait until you have taken all doses before resuming sex.

What happens if I do not receive treatment?

The initial harm caused by chlamydia often goes unnoticed.However, chlamydia can lead to serious health problems.

In untreated women, chlamydia can spread to the uterus and fallopian tubes (the tubes that carry fertilized eggs from the ovaries to the uterus), which can cause pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). (Https: //www.cdc. gov / std / pid / stdfact-pid.htm) PID is usually asymptomatic, but some women may experience abdominal and pelvic pain. Even if it doesn’t cause symptoms initially, PID can cause permanent harm to your reproductive system.PID can lead to long-term pelvic pain, inability to conceive (https://www.cdc.gov/std/infertility) and a fatal ectopic pregnancy (https://www.cdc.gov/std/pregnancy/stdfact-pregnancy .htm) (pregnancy outside the uterus).

Men rarely have health problems due to chlamydia. Sometimes the infection spreads to the canal that travels sperm away from the testicles, causing pain and fever. In rare cases, chlamydia can prevent a man from having children.

If left untreated, chlamydia can also increase the risk of acquiring or transmitting the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which causes AIDS.

90,000 signs, symptoms, causes, diagnosis and treatment of the disease.

Chlamydia is a common sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by bacteria. You may not be aware that you have chlamydia because many people do not have signs or symptoms such as pain in the genitals and discharge from the vagina or penis.

Chlamydia trachomatis mainly affects young women, but can occur in both men and women and in all age groups. It is not difficult to treat, but if left untreated, it can lead to more serious health problems.

Symptoms

Early Chlamydia trachomatis infection often causes little or no signs or symptoms. Even when signs and symptoms do appear, they are often mild, making them easy to overlook.

Signs and symptoms of Chlamydia trachomatis infection may include:

1. Painful urination

2. Vaginal discharge in women

3. Penile discharge in men

4. Painful intercourse in women

5. Bleeding between periods and after sex in women

6. Testicular pain in men

Chlamydia trachomatis can also infect the rectum, either without any signs or symptoms, or with rectal pain, discharge or bleeding.You can also get a chlamydial eye infection (conjunctivitis) from contact with infected body fluids.

When to see your doctor

See your doctor if you have vaginal, penile, or rectal discharge, or if you have pain while urinating. Also, see your doctor if you find out that your sexual partner has chlamydia. Your doctor will most likely prescribe an antibiotic even if you have no symptoms.

Causes

Chlamydia trachomatis is most commonly spread through vaginal, oral and anal sex. Pregnant women can also spread chlamydia to their babies during childbirth, causing pneumonia or a serious eye infection in newborns.

Risk factor

Factors that increase the risk of developing Chlamydia trachomatis include:

1. Be sexually active before age 25

2.Having multiple sexual partners

3. Do not use a condom all the time

4. Have sexually transmitted infections

Complications

Chlamydia trachomatis may be associated with:

1. Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). Salpingo-oophoritis is an infection of the uterus and fallopian tubes that causes pelvic pain and fever. Severe infections may require hospitalization for intravenous antibiotics.PID can damage the fallopian tubes, ovaries, and uterus, including the cervix.

2. Testicular infection (epididymitis). A chlamydial infection can inflame the coiled tube next to each testicle (epididymis). The infection can lead to fever, scrotal pain, and swelling.

3. Prostate infection. In rare cases, the chlamydial organism can spread to the male prostate gland. Prostatitis can cause pain during or after sex, fever and chills, painful urination, and back pain.

4. Infections in newborns. Chlamydial infection can be passed from the vaginal canal to your baby during labor, causing pneumonia or a serious eye infection.

5. Ectopic pregnancy. This happens when a fertilized egg is implanted and grows outside the uterus, usually in the fallopian tube. The pregnancy must be removed to prevent life-threatening complications such as rupture of the tube. Chlamydial infection increases this risk.

6.Infertility. Chlamydial infections – even those that don’t cause any signs or symptoms – can cause scarring and blockages in the fallopian tubes, which can render women infertile.

7. Reactive arthritis. People who have Chlamydia trachomatis are at a higher risk of developing reactive arthritis, also known as Reiter’s syndrome. This condition usually affects the joints, eyes, and urethra, the tube that carries urine from your bladder to the outside of your body.

Prevention

The surest way to prevent chlamydia infection is to abstain from unprotected sex. In addition, you can:

1. Use condoms. Use a male latex condom or a female polyurethane condom every time you have sex. Correctly used condoms with every intercourse reduce, but do not eliminate, the risk of infection.

2. Limit the number of sexual partners.Having multiple sex partners puts you at high risk of contracting chlamydia and other sexually transmitted infections.

3. Arrange regular visits to the gynecologist. If you are sexually active, especially if you have multiple partners, talk to your doctor about how often you should get tested for chlamydia and other sexually transmitted infections.

4. Avoid douching. Douching reduces the number of beneficial bacteria in the vagina, which can increase the risk of infection.

Diagnostics

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends screening for chlamydia for:

1. Sexually active women aged 25 and younger. The incidence of chlamydial infection is highest in this group, therefore an annual screening test is recommended. Even if you got tested last year, get tested when you have a new sex partner.

2. Expectant mother. You should be screened for chlamydia during your first prenatal examination.If you have a high risk of infection – because of a change in sexual partners or because your regular partner may be infected – get re-tested later during pregnancy.

3. Women and men at high risk. People who have multiple sex partners who do not always use a condom, or men who have sex with men, should consider being screened frequently for chlamydia. Other markers of high risk are current infection with another sexually transmitted infection and possible exposure to STIs through an infected partner.

Screening and diagnosis of chlamydia is relatively straightforward. Analyzes include:

1. Urine analysis. A sample of your urine is analyzed in a laboratory for this infection.

2. Vaginal smear. For women, the doctor takes a swab of cervical secretions for culture or antigen testing for chlamydia. This can be done during a routine Pap test.

3. For men, the doctor inserts a thin swab into the end of your penis to get a sample from the urethra.In some cases, your doctor will take a swab from the anus.

If you have been treated for a primary chlamydial infection, you should be reexamined about three months later.

Treatment

Chlamydia trachomatis is treated with antibiotics. You may receive a one-time dose, or you may need to take the medicine daily or several times a day for five to ten days.

In most cases, the infection resolves within one to two weeks.During this time, you must abstain from sex. Your sex partner or partners also need treatment, even if they don’t have any signs or symptoms. Otherwise, the infection can be transmitted between sexual partners.

Having chlamydia or being treated for it in the past does not prevent you from getting it again.

disease, symptoms, treatment, causes, diagnosis

Latent infections.Symptoms, Signs, and Treatment.

What are latent sexually transmitted infections (STIs)?

To date, the list of genital infections (STIs or STDs) includes 31 pathogens: 15 types of bacteria, 10 types of viruses, 3 types of protozoa, 1 type of fungus and 2 types of ectoparasites. Among the most famous STIs: gonorrhea and syphilis (these are bacteria), herpes and the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Common infections include chlamydia, mycoplasma, viral hepatitis, cytomegalovirus.Do not forget about opportunistic bacteria, which under various conditions can be pathogenic and sexually transmitted. Some infections are called “latent” because the diseases they cause most often occur with very few symptoms and people may not even notice their presence until complications develop. Chlamydia, mycoplasmosis, trichomoniasis, ureaplasmosis, gardnerellosis, candidiasis, herpes, human papillomavirus and others can occur “hidden”. Currently, we can say that there is an epidemic outbreak of sexually transmitted infections in Russia.The reasons for such a rapid spread of sexually transmitted diseases is the low sexual culture of the population in terms of the obligatory diagnosis of these diseases after casual sexual intercourse. Experts say that if every man carries out diagnostics after every casual sexual contact, then in Moscow alone, up to 3,000 cases of syphilis, 15,000 gonorrhea and 4,000 chlamydia infections per day could be prevented. Last year alone, more than 2 million people were infected with sexually transmitted diseases.human.

How is the process of infection with sexually transmitted infections?

Most often, infection occurs during intercourse, and not only with genital contact, but with the same probability with oral or anal contact. From the moment of infection to the development of the disease, at least 3 days pass, and on average from 7 to 14 days. This period is called the incubation period. Although in some cases it can last for months.As a rule, in the first 3 days after infection, it is difficult to identify chlamydia and other “hidden” infections even with the most sensitive diagnostic methods.

How to protect yourself from venereal infection?

What to do if you suspect that you have a sexually transmitted infection?

If you had a dubious sexual relationship or found out that your sexual partner had a genital infection, felt characteristic symptoms (discharge from the genitals, discomfort during urination, itching in the genital area, etc.)) or simply doubt that you have no sexual infection, you need to undergo a special medical examination. Never try to self-medicate or take the advice of a layman. This can lead to chronic inflammation and the development of complications. The saddest thing is that many infections can be latent. The person does not know and does not guess that he is sick. He remains in the dark and can infect his partners.

Sexually transmitted infection is a problem that affects everyone! The optimal tactic is not to get sick at all! The best preventive measure for preventing genital infections is a condom.It should be properly dressed and taken off and used for all types of sex, including oral. Through the oral cavity you can get: gonococci, chlamydia, herpes, and many other infections. But a condom is not a 100% guarantee either. If, nevertheless, unprotected contact has occurred, there are methods of personal prevention, when the genital tract is washed with an antiseptic solution. This must be done in the first 2-4 hours after contact, not later. For some infections, special medications can be used to prevent them.Their choice should be discussed with your doctor.

Should all latent infections be treated?

Currently, there is no consensus among specialists about the need for treatment of some genital infections. However, most doctors believe that some infections and the inflammatory diseases caused by them are always subject to mandatory treatment for both partners, even if they are detected in only one of them. Very often it is not possible to accurately identify the infectious agent.Remember that any inflammation of the genitourinary organs can cause infertility, prostatitis, epididymitis and other problems in men.

In 1995, ureaplasma was excluded from the list of sexually transmitted diseases. But today half of the doctors believe that this flora is normal and healthy, while others are 100 percent sure that treatment is necessary. But if a man has any problems, such as infertility, prostatitis, epididymitis, and at the same time they find ureaplasma, then it is necessary to treat. Ureaplasma is also often found in women with various inflammatory diseases, including infertility.

How difficult is it to treat sexually transmitted diseases?

There is a myth about the incurability or great difficulty in treating sexually transmitted infections and “hidden” sexually transmitted infections. In fact, there are no problems with treating these infections. With a good qualification of a doctor and knowledge of modern antibiotics and international standards for the treatment of genital infections, with the correct selection of an antibacterial drug, its dosage and duration of treatment, as well as if the patient follows all the doctor’s recommendations, success is guaranteed with a probability of more than 90%.In addition to antibiotic treatment, sometimes they are prescribed: immunostimulants, enzymes, vitamins, physiotherapy, for example, transurethral laser therapy. The duration of treatment for acute and subacute genital infections is from 1 to 7 days, chronic can go up to 14 days, and complicated up to 1 month or more. It must be remembered that a number of infections are lifelong and cannot be completely cured.

What are the most common causes of treatment failure for sexually transmitted infections?

The most common cause is re-infection that occurs as a result of a new sexual relationship during treatment, lack of treatment for a sexual partner, during sexual intercourse without using a condom by a married couple undergoing treatment.Another reason for the unsuccessful treatment of genital infections is incorrect diagnosis, an incorrectly selected antibacterial drug, a violation of the patient’s treatment and the resistance of the infection to an antibiotic. A modern doctor must know the latest and most accurate data on antibiotic sensitivity and resistance to antibiotics of various infectious agents, including sexually transmitted infections. Sometimes doctors exaggerate or underestimate the resistance of “latent infections” to antibiotics without knowing the real picture.All this leads to incorrect treatment of patients and reinforces the myth about the difficulty of curing hidden infections.

What complications are caused by sexually transmitted infections?

Under no circumstances should you self-medicate or take “magic pills”, this can lead to irreversible consequences and transfer the disease into a chronic stage, the treatment of which is extremely difficult. Chronic forms of sexually transmitted diseases lead to damage to the nervous system, bones, brain, intestines, cardiovascular system, and oncological diseases develop.There may be other very serious consequences – infertility (both in men and women), acute conditions requiring surgery, intrauterine infection of the fetus, impaired pregnancy and childbirth, the birth of an unviable or sick child, or even the death of the infected person himself … Possible complications of genital infections in men can be: infertility, epididymitis, narrowing (stricture) of the urethra, prostatitis, urethritis and others. Urogenital chlamydia accounts for up to 60% of all non-gonorrheal urethritis in men.Mycoplasmas and ureaplasmas cause up to 30% of all urethritis, but Trichomonas accounts for no more than 3%. The most common complication of chlamydia in men is epididymitis (inflammation of the epididymis). In women, these are certain diseases of the cervix, salpingitis (inflammation of the appendages) and tubal infertility. Chlamydia can cause serious pathology of the fetus and newborn, cause pelvioperitonitis and perihepatitis in women. Chlamydia also leads to Reiter’s disease – severe damage to the joints and eyes.

What should be done after completing the course of treatment for a genital infection?

Control of the cure of infections is carried out no earlier than 10-14 days after the end of the antibiotic intake. The patient should be aware that some of the symptoms of the disease may remain for several weeks or even months after successful treatment. It is possible to resume sex life without a condom with a permanent sexual partner (partner) only after a control examination that showed the absence of infections and inflammation.

How reliable are the methods for diagnosing sexually transmitted infections?

Laboratory diagnostics is the main research for the appointment of adequate treatment. The main modern methods for diagnosing genital infections are the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method, immunofluorescence method (PIF), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), isolation of pathogens on cell cultures (bacteriological inoculation on microflora with determination of sensitivity to antibiotics) and others.Their accuracy and reliability is about 90%. However, in the face of a shortage of funds, not all laboratories in our country have sufficiently high-quality reagents and equipment.

How are public institutions different from private clinics? Is it possible to get tested for genital infections anonymously?

It is now possible to be examined anonymously in both public and private clinics. This is your full right, no one will force you to show your passport and register you without your consent.But in terms of the quality of diagnostic equipment, private laboratories are better. Sometimes, in order to save money, patients go to municipal structures and do not always come satisfied with the quality of service and the attitude towards them. It is impossible to say unequivocally, this is a matter of taste.

What list of tests should I take during the initial examination?

There are many infections that can be sexually transmitted. Sometimes it is recommended to get tested for the most common of them.In some cases, we look at the minimum list of diseases – gonorrhea, trichomoniasis, syphilis. But since many infections are asymptomatic, a general smear from the urethra (urethra) is usually performed for microscopy to assess the degree of the inflammatory process; PCR diagnostics from the urethra, usually about 12 types of genital infections; bacteriological culture from the urethra with determination of sensitivity to antibiotics – for an individual selection of the most effective antibacterial drug.It is important to remember that when taking tests for genital infections, it is advisable not to urinate for 1.5 – 2 hours, so as not to complicate the diagnosis of pathogens of genital infections.

Why is chlamydia dangerous?

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), chlamydia in European countries infected up to 8% of women and up to 10% of men who are sexually active. Chlamydia is one of the most common genital infections, and one of the most hidden, since it usually goes away without symptoms.Chlamydia is a microscopic parasite that can lead to infertility over time in both men and women. In women, chlamydiae infects the cervix and can spread to the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries. This can lead to pelvic inflammation, infertility, and ectopic pregnancy. Pelvic inflammation develops in 40% of women with chlamydia. In rare cases, chlamydia leads to Reiter’s syndrome, especially in young men, which leads to eye infections, urethritis, and arthritis.The most common symptoms of chlamydia are: discharge from the penis or vagina, pain when urinating, excessive menstrual bleeding, pain during vaginal intercourse in women, bleeding between periods or after intercourse, swelling and pain in the testicles in men. However, 75% of women with chlamydia have no symptoms. Often women find out about the infection when they find it with a partner or when they see a doctor about infertility. Symptoms can last 7 to 20 days.In men, chlamydia usually causes symptoms of a urethral infection. Only one in four men have no symptoms. Chlamydia is transmitted through vaginal and anal sex, and from mother to child. In very rare cases, it can be passed from hand to eye if there was semen or vaginal discharge on the hand. Like many sexually transmitted infections, chlamydia increases the risk of HIV transmission through unprotected sex. Condoms are very effective in preventing chlamydia. Sometimes chlamydia is confused with gonorrhea and other diseases.Chlamydia can be completely cured.

Why is cytomegalovirus dangerous?

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a virus that is transmitted through body fluids. Like HIV, it is an incurable infection. Cytomegalovirus is very often sexually transmitted. Cytomegalovirus usually does not manifest itself in the body and is dangerous only during pregnancy, since it can be transmitted to the fetus, as well as with immunodeficiency. Cytomegalovirus infection in the vast majority of cases is completely asymptomatic.However, repeated transmission of the virus, as is often the case, can cause virus activation and painful symptoms. The manifestations of cytomegalovirus infection, including those with a very low immune status, may include: swollen lymph nodes, chronic fatigue, weakness, fever, problems with the digestive system: nausea, vomiting, chronic diarrhea, blurred vision. Cytomegalovirus is found in saliva, semen, blood, cervical and vaginal secretions, urine and breast milk. It can be transmitted through kissing and close household contact, from mother to child, and blood transfusions.However, it is most commonly transmitted through vaginal, anal and oral sex. Cytomegalovirus is diagnosed with a special blood test or PCR scraping from the urethra. This test is recommended for all people with HIV, as well as women who are pregnant or planning to become pregnant. Condoms protect against CMV during vaginal, anal, and oral sex, but there are risks in other situations as well.

Why is gonorrhea dangerous?

Gonorrhea is also a very common genital infection.It is caused by a bacteria that can lead to infertility, arthritis and heart problems. In women, gonorrhea can cause pelvic inflammation. During pregnancy, gonorrhea can lead to miscarriage and fetal death. Gonorrhea may be asymptomatic. Symptoms in women include: frequent, sometimes painful urination, lower abdominal pain, pain during sex, vaginal discharge, arthritis. Symptoms in men include: discharge from the penis and pain during urination. Symptoms may appear 1-14 days after transmission.In 80% of women and 10% of men, gonorrhea is completely asymptomatic. Gonorrhea is transmitted through vaginal, anal and oral sex. It can be determined by examining a swab from the vagina, urethra, rectum, or throat. Chlamydia is often present with gonorrhea and both infections must be treated at once. Condoms are very effective in preventing gonorrhea. Like many other sexually transmitted infections, gonorrhea multiplies the risk of HIV transmission through unprotected sex.

Why is hepatitis B dangerous?

Hepatitis B is easily transmitted sexually, but it can be prevented by vaccination.Without treatment, within the first hour after birth, 90% of children born to mothers with hepatitis B also develop the virus. Hepatitis B is much more easily transmitted to people with HIV, and more often it leads to more severe consequences of HIV infection. Vaccination against hepatitis B is recommended for all sexually active people, including those with HIV. Hepatitis can go unnoticed. However, some people may experience severe fatigue, headache, fever, loss of appetite, nausea and vomiting, abdominal pain, dark urine, light colored stools, yellowing of the skin and / or the whites of the eyes (“jaundice” ).Hepatitis B is transmitted through vaginal, anal and oral sex and is often transmitted through the use of non-sterile syringes. Hepatitis B is diagnosed with a blood test. In most people, the virus disappears from the body by itself within the first 4-8 weeks. However, in 20-30%, the infection becomes chronic, that is, it remains for life. Condoms provide sufficient protection against hepatitis B during sex, but vaccination is recommended for greater protection.

Why is genital herpes dangerous?

Two types of viruses cause herpes sores – herpes type 1, which usually causes a cold sore on the lips, and type 2 herpes, which is usually associated only with genital herpes.Both viruses are sexually transmitted. During pregnancy, herpes is associated with a risk of miscarriage, and intensifying the infection during pregnancy can be dangerous for the fetus. The danger of herpes is greatly exaggerated. The presence and even exacerbation of genital herpes is not an absolute indication for a cesarean section in a pregnant woman. Mom’s immunity reliably protects the fetus from infection. Most often, herpes is transmitted when a partner has herpes sores. Like many other viruses, herpes remains in the body for life and is an incurable infection.Herpes causes a rash with specific blisters, usually very painful, that can appear on the genitals, inside the vagina, on the cervix, in the anus, on the buttocks, in the mouth, or elsewhere. The manifestations of herpes can be accompanied by pain and itching in the affected area, burning sensation during urination, swollen lymph nodes in the groin, fever, headache and general malaise. Herpes can be asymptomatic for a very long time, the first manifestations of herpes can appear several years after transmission.It is necessary to follow strict hygiene in case of herpes sores, wash your hands thoroughly after touching the sore, especially avoid touching the eyes. The manifestations of herpes become more frequent with a decrease in the functioning of the immune system. Therefore, in people with HIV with a low immune status, herpes is most pronounced, painful, less treatable and can take serious forms. Herpes is transmitted through sexual intercourse, including touching. With unprotected oral sex, herpes can be spread from the mouth to the genitals.Herpes is usually transmitted by contact of the mucous membrane with sores, but there is also a risk immediately before their appearance. Sometimes herpes is transmitted even in the absence of external manifestations. Having genital herpes increases the risk of HIV transmission through unprotected sex by 4-6 times. Herpes sores can be confused with other infections and diseases, so it is necessary to have them examined by a doctor. While there is no way to cure herpes, there is a cure for its symptoms. Condoms significantly reduce the risk of herpes transmission, but do not completely eliminate it.Partners are advised to refrain from sexual activity when sores appear until they disappear completely. Also, small doses of antiviral drugs prescribed by your doctor can reduce the risk of herpes transmission.

Why is the human papillomavirus dangerous?

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is very easily sexually transmitted. There are over 60 types of HPV. Some of them lead to the formation of genital warts – warts, others are completely asymptomatic.Some HPVs that do not cause symptoms are associated with an increased risk of cervical and anus cancer, the so-called high carcinogenic risk. In people with HIV, the effects of HPV may be more severe due to a weakened immune system. In particular, such people are more likely to have genital warts, and for HIV-infected women, the risk of cervical cancer is much higher. Genital warts can form on the genitals, in the anus, and rarely in the throat. They are usually painless, sometimes itchy, they often look like miniature cauliflower or birthmarks.Genital warts can be uncomfortable if left untreated. They develop faster during pregnancy, transmission of other infections, and a decrease in immune status. HPV is easily transmitted through vaginal and anal sex. In rare cases, HPV is passed from mother to baby during childbirth. HPV is diagnosed by examining a tissue sample. For the prevention of oncological diseases associated with HPV, a cytological analysis of smears of the cervical mucosa is done, as well as colposcopy. Early diagnosis and treatment can prevent cervical cancer.Genital warts may reappear, but they can be removed surgically – with conventional surgery, laser surgery, or cryosurgery. There are also specific topical treatments available to reduce genital warts. Condoms reduce the risk of HPV transmission, but do not eliminate the risk of transmission. More recently, a vaccine has emerged to prevent HPV strains associated with cancer and genital warts.

People who come into contact with animals. Should they undergo additional research?

There are so-called “regional” infections.For example, in agricultural areas, the risk of contracting toxoplasmosis or listeriosis, which is carried by pets, as well as cattle and horses, is higher. People who keep pets at home or are fond of equestrian sports are advised to be tested for these infections.

What to do if you have a sexually transmitted infection?

The presence of an infection is not a disaster!
With a doctor’s supervision, you can recover quickly.
Do not self-diagnose and self-medicate.
Information on the Internet cannot be taken for truth.
Any assignment must be taken seriously.
Follow the regimen and treatment plan recommended by your doctor.
It is obligatory to perform control tests after treatment.

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90,000 Sexually transmitted infections – Hiv

Gonorrhea, or gonorrhea

What is it?

The causative agent of the disease is the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoea , which affects the mucous membranes of the urethra in men and the mucous membranes of the cervix in women.It can also affect the throat and duodenum.

How and when does it appear?

Symptoms:

In women, between two days and two weeks after infection, a profuse vaginal discharge begins and may experience pain when urinating.
Men may have penile discharge and painful urination.

How is it transmitted?

Transmitted from a partner infected with gonorrhea through unprotected vaginal, anal or oral sex.Gonorrhea is spread even if symptoms are not present.

How to treat?

Gonorrhea is treatable with antibiotics.

What else is worth knowing?

Possible complications if untreated:

In men: inflammation of the epididymis or prostate.
In women: inflammation of the fallopian tubes, which in turn can cause infertility.

The transferred disease does not give lifelong immunity, therefore, re-infection is possible.

Hepatitis B

What is it?

The disease is caused by the highly contagious hepatitis B virus (HBV), which causes inflammation of the liver, which in turn can cause chronic liver damage.

How and when does it appear?

symptoms appear 60 to 150 days after infection.

Symptoms: nausea, flu-like symptoms, abdominal pain, yellow eyes and skin, dark urine and light stools.

How is it transmitted?

Transmitted through unprotected vaginal, anal and oral sex, as well as through blood (for example, through the shared use of needles and syringes).

How to treat?

In the acute phase of the disease, only its symptoms are treated. Many drugs are used to treat chronic hepatitis B. The hepatitis B virus is not cured, most of them excrete it from the body, but not all.

What else is worth knowing?

There is a vaccine against hepatitis B!

Since 2003, all newborns have been vaccinated under the state immunization program in Estonia.Since 2018, children have been vaccinated at the age of three months. Children born before 2013 were vaccinated at the 13th year of life. If desired, you can get vaccinated against hepatitis B at a more mature age. If you have hepatitis B, your long-term partner must be vaccinated.

Herpes

What is it?

The causative agent of the disease is the virus Herpes simplex (HSV). Herpesvirus infection can cause blisters to form at the site of infection.

The most famous form of herpes is the so-called “cold”, which appears on the lips and mucous membranes. If herpes forms in the genital area, then this disease is called genital herpes.

How and when does it appear?

Bubbles can form in the vagina, in the anus, and on the penis or scrotum. In addition, lymph nodes may enlarge and pain when urinating may appear. At the first infection, the illness may be accompanied by flu-like symptoms and fever.Symptoms may recur and go away on their own within one to two weeks, but the virus remains in the body.

How is it transmitted?

Genital herpes is spread during vaginal, anal and oral sex. You can get infected by contacting:

Herpes of another person
with the saliva of a person with herpes in the mouth
with human skin in places where there is a herpes rash

How to treat?

Herpes cannot be cured.Existing medications that mitigate the symptoms of the disease, shorten the duration of the rash, and may lengthen the time between them. People who do not have rashes do not need treatment. However, since a carrier of the herpes virus can infect a partner even when he himself does not have a visually noticeable rash, it is always necessary to use a condom or protective film during intercourse.

What else is worth knowing?

A pregnant woman carrying the herpes virus can infect a newborn with it during childbirth.The woman in labor should inform the doctor if at the time of the onset of labor she has herpes sores or sores.

Chlamydia

What is it?

The causative agent of the disease is a bacterium called Chlamydia trachomatis , which causes inflammation of the organs of the genitourinary system.

How and when does it appear?

When infected with chlamydia, there may be vaginal discharge, irregular bleeding (especially after intercourse) or lower abdominal pain.In men, there may be discharge from the penis and soreness when urinating.

How is it transmitted?

Transmitted through unprotected vaginal, anal and oral sex.

How to treat?

Chlamydia is treated with antibiotics.

What else is worth knowing?

Possible complications if untreated:

In men: inflammation of the epididymis or prostate.
In women: May cause infertility or ectopic pregnancy, and an infected pregnant woman can infect a newborn during childbirth.

The transferred disease does not give lifelong immunity, therefore, re-infection is possible.

Mycoplasmosis

What is it?

The causative agent of mycoplasmosis is the bacterium Mycoplasma genitalum , which causes inflammation of the genitourinary system similar to chlamydia.

How and when does it appear?

Mycoplasma can cause increased discharge in women, bleeding after intercourse and lower abdominal pain.Men may have mucous discharge from the urethra and soreness when urinating.

How is it transmitted?

Transmitted through unprotected vaginal, anal and oral sex.

How to treat?

Mycoplasmosis is treated with antibiotics. If mycoplasma is not treated in a timely manner, it can provoke diseases of the pelvic organs and ectopic pregnancy in women, as well as infertility in both women and men.

Human papillomavirus (HPV)

What is it?

The causative agent of the disease is the human papilloma virus ( Human Papilloma Virus ), which causes the formation of papillomas in the genital area of a light pink shade similar to the color of the skin or formations similar to warts. They can be of different colors and sizes, quite often they resemble cauliflower.

How and when does it appear?

The resulting papillomas can cause both men and women itching, soreness, discharge, minor bleeding, minor skin lesions and other symptoms of inflammation, especially when another disease is added.There are usually some fairly small skin-colored papillomas that can grow and spread. Warts can form a week to several years after infection and usually do not go away on their own.

How is it transmitted?

Sexually transmitted and in contact with skin.

How to treat?

HPV infection cannot be cured. However, condylomas respond fairly well to treatment if they are lubricated with a special medicine.Sometimes it is necessary to apply other methods of treatment, such as freezing, moxibustion, and laser treatment. Partners need treatment if they also have warts.

What else is worth knowing?

Some strains of HPV cause cervical cancer, less often they can provoke the formation of cancer in other organs, both in men and women. Infection with the most common HPV strains and the diseases they cause can be avoided by getting the HPV vaccine.

Pubic lice

What is it?

Pubic lice ( Phthirus pubis ) are 2-3 mm gray-brown parasites that live in the hairline of the groin and reproduce with eggs.

How and when does it appear?

Pubic lice cause itching in the groin area two days to a week after intimate body contact with a person infected with lice.

How is it transmitted?

Transmitted through vaginal, anal and oral sex, as well as through other close body contact and through shared bedding.

How to treat?

For treatment, you can buy a special medicine for pubic lice at the pharmacy and use it in strict accordance with the instructions. Make sure to wash your clothes, sheets and towels to kill the lice and their eggs. The partner also needs treatment.

What else is worth knowing?

It is best not to share your underwear with other people and always use clean bedding. The transferred disease does not give lifelong immunity, so re-infection is possible.

Scabies

What is it?

The scabies mite ( Sarcoptes scabiei var Hominis ) is a small parasite that is almost invisible to the naked eye.

How and when does it appear?

Approximately 2-3 weeks after infection, severe itching appears, which is especially worse in the evenings before going to bed. Basically, the mite lives in places where the skin is especially delicate: in the genital area, on the scrotum, in the armpits, between the fingers, on the arms, on the chest, on the abdomen and on the thighs.

How is it transmitted?

Infection occurs through direct contact with an infected person and indirectly through bed linen and clothing.

How to treat?

A special cream is used for treatment. Follow the directions for use strictly, wash clothes, bed linen and towels. Anyone who has close contact with an infected person will have to undergo treatment, regardless of whether they feel itchy or not.

What else is worth knowing?

Do not share your underwear with other people and always use clean bedding. The transferred disease does not give lifelong immunity, therefore, re-infection is possible.

Syphilis

What is it?

The causative agent of the disease is a bacterium Treponema pallidum . At the first stage, the infection affects the genitals, but if the disease is not treated, it can affect other organs as well.

How and when does it appear?

Usually 2-3, in rare cases up to 12-13 weeks after infection, one or more dense, usually painless pinkish-red ulcers form. After a while, lymph nodes increase in the area of ulcers, while also remaining painless. Ulcers can go away without outside intervention, but the disease will progress further.

There may be a deterioration in well-being, fatigue, etc. These symptoms may also disappear and reappear on their own.

How is it transmitted?

Transmitted through unprotected vaginal, anal and oral sex. It can be transmitted through blood or from an infected mother to the fetus during pregnancy and childbirth.

How to treat?

Syphilis can be cured with antibiotics, but only in the first or second stage.

What else is worth knowing?

In the absence of treatment, possible complications can be damage to the nervous and cardiovascular systems.The transferred disease does not give lifelong immunity, so re-infection is possible.

Trichomoniasis

What is it?

The causative agent of the disease is a parasite called Trichomonas vaginalis, among the protozoa.

How and when does it appear?

The causative agents of trichomoniasis cause inflammation of the mucous membranes of the vagina and urethra.

In women: foul-smelling, frothy vaginal discharge, sometimes bloody.
In men: signs of illness are often absent, sometimes there may be discharge from the urethra, pain when urinating.

How is it transmitted?

Trichomoniasis is primarily sexually transmitted.

How to treat?

Trichomoniasis is treated with antibiotics.

What else is worth knowing?

The transferred disease does not give lifelong immunity, therefore, re-infection is possible.

90,000 🤰 Chlamydia. Hidden threats

Those of you who have already been screened for the absence of pregnancy, as well as taken tests according to the list approved by Order No. 107 of the Ministry of Health for IVF and IUI, have already faced the fact that it includes “a hundred” varieties of various infections. In this regard, many often have a lot of questions of the type: “why should I take all this, I have no complaints”, “I already took this last year and nothing was revealed”, “my husband passed all the tests and there is nothing ”,“ it is written on the Internet that this is generally the norm and there is no need to treat it ”, etc.p.

Therefore, today I want to dwell in more detail on a number of chronic genital infections, their influence on the ability to conceive and carry a pregnancy, the need for treatment, the effectiveness of various types of therapy. All questions will be answered by obstetrician-gynecologist, reproductologist GMS IVF
Julia Kikina.

So, let’s start with chlamydia

Chlamydia is caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis. Their peculiarity lies in the fact that they live and multiply like viruses, mainly inside the affected cell in the body.After reproduction, they leave the cell in which they settled and penetrate into others, and the cell that they left dies. Such a division mechanism leads to a chronic course of the disease and to the fact that, starting with the genitourinary system, it often leads to the formation of an adhesive process not only in the pelvic organs, but also in the subhepatic space, for example, as well as damage to the joints, the mucous membrane of the eyes (conjunctivitis ), pneumonia, etc. Well, a very unpleasant result of this infection is the presence of constant inflammation in the vagina, accompanied by discharge, itching, burning (due to which a woman regularly and unsuccessfully takes suppositories from thrush), in the appendages, in the mucous membrane of the uterus, often – recurrent inflammation of the Bartholin glands, because of which women are forced to resort to repeated surgical interventions.And for women planning a pregnancy, one of its most terrible consequences is a violation of the patency of the fallopian tubes due to pronounced adhesions, and as a result – infertility.

The main route of infection is sexual intercourse (regardless of whether it was a normal act, oral or anal), transmission of infection to the baby from the mother during childbirth is possible.

The incubation period of the disease (that is, the time from infection to possible detection in the body) is from 2 to 4 weeks.Given that the symptoms of the disease are mild, you may not know about the infection for a long time, which is its main insidiousness.

Symptoms

Chlamydia in most cases is asymptomatic, that is, it practically does not manifest itself in any way, which does not make it less dangerous for a woman. Rarely, it is accompanied by a slight increase in temperature (up to 37.5C), increased fatigue, aching pains in the lower abdomen, which are caused by the formation of an adhesive process.

There are results of studies in which almost 42% of women with recurrent miscarriage were diagnosed with chlamydial infection. The probability of miscarriage in the presence of chlamydia according to the results of this survey was 59.1%. When examining samples of the uterine mucosa in a third of non-pregnant women with a history of miscarriages, chlamydia was isolated from the endometrium, that is, an asymptomatic chlamydial infection can lead to disruption of the implantation process.

Therefore, an examination for chlamydia before planning a pregnancy is necessary, even if nothing bothers you, in order to conduct a preparatory course of therapy and get a successful implantation and a safe pregnancy.

Tests for chlamydia – the optimal study confirming the presence of chlamydia in the body is the study of smears from the cervix, performed by PCR or culture for chlamydia. According to foreign authors, a blood test for antibodies to chlamydia is not informative enough, since the examination did not reveal a real connection between the presence of antibodies to chlamydia in the blood and miscarriage.

Treatment

Treatment is carried out in a comprehensive manner, with antibacterial drugs, taking into account the sensitivity of microflora and safety for the patient.One of the factors for effective treatment of sexually transmitted diseases is the need to use condoms during treatment (or generally exclude sexual intercourse) and concurrent treatment of a spouse if indicated. The course of treatment takes 7-10 days on average, after which a control smear analysis is required to make sure that the therapy was effective.

Expert opinion

Kikina Yulia Alekseevna
Obstetrician-gynecologist, reproductologist, doctor of ultrasound diagnostics

90,000 Chlamydia.Symptoms and treatment of chlamydia in women and men. Analysis during pregnancy

Chlamydia during pregnancy

Chlamydia and pregnancy – this topic worries many pregnant women and families planning a pregnancy. Chlamydia (Chlamydia) – a genus of microorganisms of the family. Chlamydiaceae (order Chlamydiales), uniting immobile coccal-like intracellular parasites living on the mucous membranes of the genitourinary system (Chlamydia trachomatis), in more rare cases – on the conjunctiva of the eye (conjunctivitis and trachoma).Chlamydia variants such as Chlamydia pneumonia Chlamydia psitachi can also settle in the lungs (bronchitis and pneumonia) and in the lymph nodes (benign lymphoreticulosis or cat scratch disease).

A feature of chlamydial infection is, firstly, a frequent latent course, when the disease does not manifest itself in any way, and only exacerbations lead to the appearance of mucopurulent discharge, sometimes pulling pains in the lower abdomen. In the last decade, urologists and gynecologists literally all the problems that arise during pregnancy have been associated with chlamydia.Here there is a clear overdiagnosis of this genital infection, created by pharmaceutical giants in need of antibiotic markets. The danger of intrauterine damage to the embryo and / or fetus is exclusively genital chlamydia. At the same time, genital chlamydia does not cause diseases of the bronchi and lungs.

Diagnostics of chlamydia – blood test for IgG antibodies

Laboratory confirmation of the diagnosis of chlamydia today is the detection by ELISA of specific antibodies in the blood of IgG, IgM and / or IgA classes to chlamydia, as well as positive results of PCR studies of scrapings from the urethra, cervical canal, mucus from the vagina, urine, ejaculate, prostate juice (with genital chlamydia), in sputum, throat swab (with pulmonary chlamydia), from a tear or in a scraping from the conjunctiva (with eye damage).

The results of laboratory studies and clinical manifestations of genital chlamydia are not always complete and logical. In cases of a paradoxical humoral immune response, it is possible that there is no production of antibodies to chlamydia with confirmed by PCR and clinically manifest chlamydia genitalia. At the same time, a long-term (sometimes lifelong) persistence of IgG antibodies in low titers has been established after an infection that was once transferred earlier, which the patient did not even know about.It is not uncommon to note unstable results of PCR studies: in one material or in one scraping of DNA, chlamydia was found, in another – not. There are options when a positive result today or in one laboratory after a while (without treatment!) Or in another laboratory may turn out to be negative. With epidemiologically motivated genital chlamydia, laboratory confirmed, there may be a complete absence of clinical symptoms followed by spontaneous recovery (without treatment).”Blooming” chlamydia in one of the sexual partners and the complete absence of clinical and laboratory signs of infection in the other with regular unprotected sex. The interpretation of these complex cases and the decision on the prescription of treatment is always individual and is the prerogative of an experienced attending physician. The use of such previously fashionable routine methods of confirming the diagnosis of chlamydia as “detection of key cells” or “characteristic inclusions” is morally outdated and cannot serve as a reason for establishing a diagnosis and, moreover, for prescribing treatment.The method of immunofluorescent detection of chlamydia (PIF, etc.) in smears initially gives up to 50% of false positive results, and in “experienced” hands – up to 90%.

Symptoms and signs of chlamydia

The most frequent manifestation of genital chlamydia is inflammatory diseases of the genitourinary system: colpitis, cervicitis, adnexitis, cystitis; in men – urethro-prostatitis. These inflammatory processes, occurring in a chronic form, often lead to impaired reproductive function in both women and men.Genital chlamydia refers to TORCH infections and can be dangerous for the intrauterine development of the child, causing miscarriages in pregnant women, pregnancy fading, and premature birth. Infection of a child while passing through the birth canal can lead to the development of chlamydial conjunctivitis. Therefore, both acute and chronic clinically manifest chlamydia, laboratory confirmed, including during pregnancy, are subject to treatment.

How to cure chlamydia

Treatment is carried out both local and general.When choosing a medicine for pregnant women, it is advisable to prescribe those antibiotics, the side effects of which on the child are less pronounced. However, the adverse effect of antibiotics on the fetus is still possible, therefore, short courses of treatment are carried out. You can prescribe drugs of the widest spectrum of action and the latest generation, if there is data on the safety of their use in pregnant women. Of course, both sexual partners undergo treatment, using protected sex, otherwise a new reinfection is possible.The cure efficiency of acute genital chlamydia after the first course of therapy in pregnant women and outside of pregnancy approaches 100%. Conversations about “lifelong”, “incurable”, etc. chlamydia associated with initially inadequately prescribed antibacterial treatment, failure to comply with the necessary protection measures during treatment against new infection. In some cases, due to incorrect laboratory diagnostics before treatment and false-positive results of control studies after treatment, patients have been trying unsuccessfully for years to get rid of what they never had.

The Vitacell Clinic specializes in the treatment of chlamydia. If necessary, you can contact in Kiev directly at clinic or get an individual online consultation .

Attention !!! In this section you can read the answers of Dr. I. Markov. to questions from patients on the topic “Symptoms and treatment of chlamydia”. If the answers do not help you, then you can go directly to the Markov clinic in Kiev or get an individual online consultation .Our clinic specializes in the treatment of infectious diseases, including chlamydia.

Question 1. Hello! I have the following question: during the examination, I was diagnosed with urethroprostatitis of chlamydial etiology (in the CMD clinic). At the same time, my wife has nothing, I have sex only with her. Question 1. As far as I understand, we need to carry out the treatment together? Question 2. I was prescribed medication (I apologize if I wrote it incorrectly): Wobenzim, Vilprofen, Tsiprobay, Amiksin, Legalon 140, Prostovit, Fluconazole, yogurt.Interested in: the adequacy of drugs to the diagnosis (there is information that they “recommend” drugs for which they have%). If so, is it possible to come with the results of their analysis to another doctor for consultation about the course of treatment?
Answer 1. In monogamous intercourse, in about 3-5% of cases, urogenital sexually transmitted infections occur in only one partner. However, the diagnosis of chlamydia in such cases, in addition to isolating chlamydia DNA by PCR analysis, must also be confirmed by enzyme immunoassay: the presence of antibodies to Chl.Trachomatis in the blood. Before starting treatment, it is advisable to confirm the diagnosis of chlamydia with an alternative examination in two different laboratories. According to our clinic, today in about 1/3 of cases, the established diagnosis of chlamydia is the result of overdiagnosis, i.e. erroneous. And the prescribed treatment, respectively, is not justified.

Question 2. Good afternoon, dear doctor! In connection with the planned pregnancy, she was examined. As a result, during cytoscopic examination, inclusions characteristic of chlamydia were revealed in the scraping from the cervix, and during PCR analysis, chlamydia from the cervical canal was revealed.But Ig G and Ig M were not detected: (titers to both immunoglobulins are almost three times less than the permissible norm. All analyzes were performed simultaneously and in the same laboratory. There were no clinical manifestations. Other infections were not detected by the listed methods. Please help to figure out if there is chlamydia or No? And do I and my husband need to immediately be treated for chlamydia? I am very grateful in advance for the answer
Answer 2. Good evening, dear patient! Thank you for your question. clinical manifestations.And if it is still possible to admit a clinically asymptomatic course of chlamydia (at a certain stage of infection), then the presence of chlamydial infection in the absence of antibodies in the blood, which in this case are strictly specific, is practically excluded. Some results (either ELISA or PCR) are deliberately erroneous. My personal experience and international practice in these cases suggest that it is necessary to repeat the study in another laboratory. First, do tests for antibodies of the Ig A classes (if a fresh infection is suspected – 2-3 weeks) and Ig G (3-4 weeks or more) to chlamydia in another laboratory.If the tests turn out to be negative – with a clear conscience, you can stop further examination. So there is no chlamydia. Only in severe, clinically advanced stages of irreversible immunodeficiency, the human body does not produce antibodies to infections that have entered it. This axiom, unfortunately, is sometimes easier to explain to interested patients than to uninterested doctors.

Question 3. Dear doctor! The result of the analysis for chlamydia was obtained: IgG – 32.917 U / ml.How bad is it? What is a titer in relation to the analysis of chlamydia.
Answer 3. You need to know the positive indicator of the test system used to study your blood: if it is 11 IU / ml (or below 30), then your result is positive. This means that infection with chlamydia has occurred, apparently (this is not indicated in the question) – through sexual contact. In this case, it is necessary to pass additional tests – scraping for DNA of chlamydia for PCR research. And also examine the sexual partner. After effective treatment, the positive titer of antibodies to chlamydia should disappear within 6–12 months.

Question 4. Hello! A year ago she was treated for chlamydia. After a course of treatment for chlamydia IgG – 11.5. The doctor did not prescribe a second treatment. A month ago I had the flu and took antibiotics. After the illness, there was a small discharge from the vagina. The result of the analysis for chlamydia IgG is 32.917. Could the flu cause a relapse of chlamydia? My husband and I really want a child, is it possible to get pregnant or do we need to undergo another course of treatment? And finally – which method of research for chlamydia is the most accurate: IgG, IgM or PCR? What is the difference?
Answers 4.Severe infectious diseases, including influenza, due to the suppressive (suppressive) effect on the immune system, can indeed provoke an exacerbation of chronic infections, to which in most cases chlamydia can also be attributed. But! During these very diseases, the level / titer of IgG antibodies to other infections, especially recently transferred ones, can simply increase amicably, without the re-development of the disease itself. T.N. nonspecific immune response. Therefore, for a diagnostic clarification of the situation and solving the issue of the need for a repeated course of treatment, it is necessary to do the following: 1) repeat the test for IgG antibodies to chlamydia in 2 different laboratories 1 month after the result “32.917 “; 2) make scraping from the urethra and cervical canal for chlamydial DNA by PCR; 3) examine the sexual partner in a similar way. A test for antibodies of the Ig M class in chronic infections is not always informative – it can be negative in case of clinical exacerbation / relapse of the disease. Antibodies of the IgG class to chlamydia in low titers can be detected for a long time (up to 6–12 months) in the blood of a recovered person even after successful treatment. However, in more distant terms, they should still disappear.The test for chlamydial DNA by PCR (i.e. the causative agent of the infection itself) should remain negative. If it is necessary to prescribe a second course of treatment for chlamydia, it should be carried out before the planned pregnancy.

Question 5. Good afternoon! Please tell me the most effective way to check if there is chlamydia. The ELISA method was negative in three different laboratories. The UIF method is positive (2 months after the previous analyzes). I would like not to throw money down the drain and check somehow else.How can this be done more accurately so that the result does not depend on reagents, on the laboratory, on the experience of the laboratory assistant? Which method is generally the most accurate?
Answer 5. If the ELISA method in three different laboratories gave a negative result (although one would be enough in a high-quality laboratory), then you need to stop and stop this “tormenting”, moreover, at your own expense. There are two main messages: 1) the mutual fund method is routine and gives up to 35–40% of pseudo-positive results. It is checked by PCR (epithelial scraping from the urethra and / or cervical canal) and blood ELISA; 2) there is no chlamydial infection without the presence of specific IgG antibodies in the blood.That is, an axiom: if there are no specific antibodies to chlamydia in the blood, then there are no chlamydia in the body either. Even after successful treatment, antibodies continue to circulate for the next 6–12 months. Therefore, if someone, with negative ELISA results, continues to insist on the need for treatment of chlamydia or assert that the treatment prescribed 2-3 months ago was justified, this is either an unprofessional or commercially interested opinion.

Question 6.Hello. My young man was diagnosed with chlamydia. We underwent a course of treatment: flagil, sumamed, unidox, cycloferon, lidase, aminocaproic acid and supportive therapy. Recently, we passed a PCR analysis and a general smear. Everything is normal, no infections were found. But my boyfriend complains that his jaw joint hurts. Could it still be an untreated infection? How well does it heal? Maybe we need to pass some more tests?
Answer 6. It is unlikely that after such a course of treatment, even if chlamydia remains in the urogenital area, generalization of the infection may occur with the formation of extragenital foci and damage to the joints.This is not usually seen. After 2 weeks, you can make a control PCR analysis for DNA of chlamydia in a smear from the urethra and test for IgG antibodies to chlamydia in the blood. This test should remain moderately and monotonically positive with a gradual decrease in antibody titer over 6–12 months even after successful treatment. If antibodies are already absent in the blood during the first 3-4 months after treatment, it means that there was no chlamydia at all. Therefore, it is better to take control tests in another laboratory.

Question 7. A girl with whom I had an intimate relationship said that she had chlamydia. I passed a blood test for chlamydia, the result is negative. Is the data only a blood test sufficient, or do you need to do other tests to identify chlamydia?
Answer 7. 2 weeks after the first test, donate blood again for IgG and IgA antibodies to chlamydia and scraping from the urethra (in the morning before urination) for chlamydia DNA by PCR. With negative results (this is quite possible even after unprotected contact with a partner infected with chlamydia), you can put an end to this issue for yourself.And recommend to your girlfriend to be tested for chlamydia before starting the prescribed treatment again, but in another laboratory. Maybe her diagnosis will be wrong. Unfortunately, this is also possible.

Question 8. I was diagnosed with chlamydia. Is it possible to recover from this disease if antibiotics are contraindicated.
Answer 8. Unfortunately, traditional medicine does not have such methods (without antibiotics). Some of my patients with chlamydia, who for various reasons did not take antibiotics, underwent homeopathic treatment and, it seems, even successfully.I can recommend contacting the well-known homeopathic doctor Dergacheva Zoya Nikolaevna (tel. In Kiev 455? 9993, www.homeopat-ua.org).

Question 9. Hello! Explain, please, how can there be such results of a blood test (chlamydia) – IgG is not detected, IgA is not detected? Are there really no antibodies at all, does this happen? Does this mean a completely weakened immune system? (I don’t get sick once a year, besides, in December I took a course of echinacea and my immunity should have been normal).Does it make sense to be treated, will the disease be cured? The treatment was completed 4 months ago. Such results were always for two years in different laboratories, and the PIF is always positive, PCR too. Sometimes PCR is positive in one laboratory and negative in another. The last time a negative PCR was obtained on the last day before menstruation, the flora is normal, on the 10th day of the cycle, approximately PCR was obtained positive and gardnerella was found (no symptoms).
Answer 9. Hello! Conceptually, this does not happen.If antibodies to chlamydia are absent, and PCR for chlamydia DNA is positive, then one of the two results is definitely erroneous. This is usually a DNA test. UIF generally gives up to 40% of pseudo-positive results and is an indirect diagnostic method. Therefore, you need to re-test in another laboratory for IgG antibodies to chlamydia. If the result is negative again, stop all tests for chlamydia DNA, because you do not have chlamydia. Gardnerellosis without clinical manifestations also cannot be treated.

Question 10. Hello! Such a problem: rashes appeared on the body, I passed a smear, found a yeast fungus. The doctor suspected chlamydia, I had to do PCR, the diagnosis was confirmed and I was prescribed the following treatment: Tsiprinol 500 mg 2 times a day – 14 days; Cycloferon 2 ml / m 1st, 2, 4, 6, 8, 11, 14, 17, 20 and 23rd days; Cycloferon liniment – from the 2nd day every other day 10 times intraurethrally; Tinidazole 1st, 2nd days 2 tons 3 times a day; Fromilid 500 mg from the 3rd to the 16th day, 1 t.2 times a day after meals; Nystatin 1 t. 2 times a day – 21 days; Terbizil cream 1% – 14 days. Before that, two and a half years ago, I underwent a course of treatment for trichomoniasis / chlamydia (with other drugs). After that, he periodically passed control tests, but nothing was found. Can you please tell me 1. Was I prescribed a good course of treatment (all drugs have already been purchased)? 2. Ozone therapy is offered additionally, is it necessary? 3. Can I give injections myself, and which is better, IM or IV? 4. Do I need to repeat the course of treatment in a month? Thanks in advance!
Answer 10.Since the diagnostic information given by you is somewhat contradictory, to begin with, take the tests again for chlamydia DNA (scraping from the urethra for a full bladder) and the presence of IgG antibodies in the blood to chlamydia (mandatory!) In another laboratory, without making any complaints. Check your regular sexual partner for chlamydia. If the results of your studies in two laboratories coincide, treat with your sexual partner. Although I usually use other antibiotics to treat chlamydia.If antibodies are not found in the blood, then you do not have chlamydia (which, based on your story, is more likely), and, therefore, you do not need to treat it.

Question 11. In the clinic, a smear analysis showed a suspicion of chlamydia. In the clinic, the PCR method did not find anything. Chlamydia Ig G antibodies showed a 1:20 positive result. Concerned about itching and vaginal discharge. What course is advisable to take?
Answer 11. Your test results do not confirm the diagnosis of chlamydia.The antibody titer 1:20 is low, on the verge of negative and does not correspond to the clinic of acute or chronic chlamydia in the stage of exacerbation. “Suspicious” smears under a microscope are false-positive in almost half of cases. And the main test – PCR analysis – is negative for you. Moreover, the complaints are not typical either. If you start taking antibiotics now, which, apparently, is recommended for you, then after a couple of weeks after a slight improvement, your well-being may worsen even more. A second course of antibiotics will follow due to the “ineffectiveness” of the first, then again and again.A vicious circle. Now, first of all, you need to do bacterial cultures: vaginal discharge, smear from the urethra and cervical canal, as well as urine (the last portion). Store the isolated cultures of bacteria in the laboratory (as a rule, this is a nonspecific intestinal bacterial infection) – they will be necessary for the preparation of an autovaccine. And write to me again – it will be clear how to treat. But in any case – without local or systemic antibiotics.

Question 12.The wife was diagnosed with chlamydia. How and with what will I be cured?
Answer 12. First, you need to confirm the presence of chlamydia in you: ELISA blood test for antibodies to chlamydia and PCR analysis of scraping of epithelium from the urethra. If the results are positive, then it will not be necessary to “heal”, but to be treated for real. If necessary – write again, I advise. If the result is negative, prophylactic treatment is not necessary.

Question 13. Good afternoon! Has passed the analysis by ELISA for venereal diseases.A study for chlamydia showed a dubious result (+/-), for other types of infection – not found (-). Further, it is illegible: recommend. repeat … over time … How would you comment on this answer? Is the ELISA method reliable? Why can you get a dubious result?
Answer 13. Good day! In case of a dubious (or weakly positive) result for chlamydia and other infections, it is recommended to repeat the same study after 2 weeks using the same ELISA method (this is a reliable method if it is performed correctly).If this infection and the infection progresses in the body, the titer / level of antibodies will rapidly increase. If the result remains also doubtful or becomes generally negative, then there is no infection and both results are considered negative.

Question 14. Good afternoon, Igor Semenovich! I ask you to advise an infectious disease specialist in Dnepropetrovsk. I turned to you, the question was about chlamydia, IgG and IgA were not detected, PCR most often shows the presence of infection. There are no symptoms.Another question – which PCR tests should be used, which companies, countries? There is only Russia in Dnepropetrovsk. We want a child. Now they stopped all attempts to get treatment and decided to get pregnant. But already 4 cycles do not work. According to BT, there is ovulation.
Answer 14. I repeat once again: in the absence of IgG and IgA antibodies to chlamydia in the blood, there can be no question of any chlamydia – this is a fiction, a chimera, the result of a poor-quality or incorrect examination. Therefore, you can safely plan a pregnancy.Russian PCR tests work quite well if used professionally. In Dnepropetrovsk, on my behalf, you can contact the head of the Department of Children’s Infectious Diseases, Professor Shestakovich-Koretskaya Lyudmila Romanovna (infectious diseases hospital on Kanatnaya street).

Question 15. After childbirth (cesarean) I was diagnosed with chlamydia. During pregnancy, I was tested – the result was negative. Could my child (11 months old) be infected in utero? What clinical signs of the disease can a child have? And what to do ???
Answer 15.First of all, you need to try to figure out: did you have chlamydia? Is there an epidemiological anamnesis: could you have contracted chlamydia sexually after childbirth? It is necessary to look at the test results, by what methods you were examined, what were the results of your husband, whether you have chlamydia today. When this diagnosis is confirmed (the probability can be estimated at no more than 50%), the child’s blood can be examined for antibodies to chlamydia. Typical clinical manifestations in a child are conjunctivitis, in a girl – vulvovaginitis.In the absence of any clinical manifestations (if the child is outwardly healthy), this diagnosis is usually not confirmed.

Question 16. Please help me figure it out. Before the planned pregnancy, my husband and I passed tests for STDs. The situation with chlamydia is as follows: husband – IgM – neg., IgG – positive result 27, 548 U / ml with a value of 16.0 – 30.0 U / ml weakly positive. I passed it in the laboratory of DILA. I did not donate blood, as scraping (PCR method) gave a negative result (DILA). Yes, even my husband, before donating blood, was tested by PCR in a dubious, according to reviews, laboratory.There the PCR result was positive, and the IgG and IgM results were negative. I don’t know if I should donate blood. If my husband is sick, am I sick? I don’t want to be poisoned with drugs. Who knows how to interpret these results? Help me please. The doctor is going to poison us. Thank you.
Answer 16. You have no indications for the treatment of chlamydia yet. It is necessary to further examine my husband, but in another, third laboratory. Donate blood for IgG antibodies and scraping from the urethra for chlamydial DNA.P.ch. in a “dubious” laboratory and the result turned out to be “left”: with positive PCR results in scraping, antibodies to chlamydia should be detected in the blood in 100% of cases. And they are not! If, during the next examination of the husband, DNA is not detected, and the antibody test remains doubtful (the result in Diel was not positive, but doubtful – this is how the result from the “gray zone” from 16 to 30 U / ml should be interpreted), then according to the instructions for the diagnostic test system considers both results to be negative and it means that your husband is healthy.Fight!

Question 17. How is chlamydia manifested in men, after what time? What is the likelihood of infection through unprotected sex? What are the consequences?
Answer 17. In a man, chlamydia can manifest itself a few days after contact with itching, burning sensation in the urethra, discharge from the canal in the morning. Or it may not have primary clinical symptoms at all. In the longer term, in the chronic course of the disease, chlamydia can affect the prostate, eyes and joints.The probability of infection with a single unprotected sexual intercourse is approximately 30-40% (for comparison with gonorrhea – 25%). With constant sexual intercourse with sexual partners – no more than 90%. Those. at least 10% of spouses or regular sexual partners remain healthy. The correct diagnosis is confirmed by a blood test for IgG antibodies to chlamydia by the ELISA method + examination of scraping from the urethra (in the morning before the first urination) for chlamydia DNA by PCR.

Question 18.Hello! My child is 7 years old, he was diagnosed with chlamydia. Please advise which treatment to choose.
Answer 18. Hello! Before prescribing treatment, the situation requires clarification: what kind of chlamydia in a 7-year-old child (pulmonary, urogenital) are we talking about? By what method and on the basis of the study of what biomaterial (blood, sputum, etc.) was this diagnosis made? Only after excluding laboratory errors will it be possible to give treatment recommendations.

Question 19. Good afternoon! Please tell me, I have treated chlamydia and Trichomonas.After the tests, everything was fine. A year later, I passed the PCR test and they were found again. The doctor said it was dead DNA and there was no need to treat it. But I still worry, because I am planning a pregnancy. Tell me what to do.
Answer 19. The concept of “dead DNA” simply does not exist, even at the everyday level. Take DNA tests for chlamydia and Trichomonas in scrapings from the urethra and cervical canal again, but in another laboratory. And also blood for antibodies to chlamydia of the IgG class. Examination of the sexual partner is also shown.If you don’t understand, come to my clinic.

Question 20. What is the best method to test for chlamydia and what to donate (blood, smear), provided that there have never been any symptoms of the disease. How likely is it that only one spouse has chlamydia in the body? And yet, since each method can show a false positive result, how much to trust this or that method, how to double-check.
Answer 20. The most reliable method for diagnosing chlamydia is an ELISA blood test for antibodies to chlamydia of the IgG class (the duration of the disease is more than 3-4 weeks) or IgA (fresh infection).You can double-check the result by repeating the same study in another laboratory. If the results are positive for one or both classes of antibodies, it is necessary to conduct a PCR study of scrapings from the urethra and cervical canal (women) or prostate juice (men). Negative results do not refute the diagnosis of chlamydia, but may serve as a reason for postponing treatment (taking into account the height of the detected antibody levels), which will need to be carried out at the time of exacerbation. Examination of the partner is necessary, p.h. there are up to 10% of cases when one of the partners for some more or less long time remains healthy and does not fall ill with chlamydia even after a possible sexual infection.

Food 21. Say, be weasel, if blood is donated on cold IgG, the result: negative 10.441 U / ml. reference value <12.8 U / ml. What is the practical need for such values?
Specification 21. With such values, the IPA test does not require any treatment or additional information (PLR for junk DNA).

Question 22. Good day !!! I would like to ask what is the best way to treat chlamydia for a man ??? Thank you.
Answer 22. The most effective is a sequential combination of tetracycline antibiotics (eg, vibramycin 0.1 g 2 times a day – 10 days) and macrolides (eg sumamed on the 1st day 1 g + 4 more days for 0.5 g once in the morning). But it is still desirable to prescribe the treatment of chlamydia “live”, and not virtually. P.ch., at least, it is necessary to be absolutely sure that the diagnosis of chlamydia is confirmed correctly – by detecting antibodies to chlamydia in the blood by ELISA + isolation of chlamydia DNA from the urethra or prostate juice by PCR.All other methods are only conditionally correct, and it is not advisable to prescribe treatment based on their results.

Question 23. Good afternoon! I am addressing you on the following question. My analyzes showed that I have some substances similar to chlamydia. The doctor prescribed treatment for me: taking antibiotics, injections, instillation, etc. And the doctor insists that my husband should also undergo similar treatment with him. But the husband passed the analysis, and nothing was found on him. And his doctor said that it was enough for him to drink some antibiotics for prophylaxis for 10 days.I’m at a loss. Tell me, please, which doctor’s advice to listen to: is it right to treat a husband if he is absolutely healthy? And does not the fact that he will not undergo the same course of treatment threaten me with the fact that I can later get sick with it again? Thank you for your attention and advice.
Answer 23. Good afternoon! Establishing a diagnosis of chlamydia based on the identification of “inclusions similar to …” or by the PIF method can give up to 40% of erroneous results. Moreover, my husband’s test is negative.Therefore, before starting treatment, you and your husband need to donate blood for antibodies to chlamydia. If there are no antibodies, then it means that the person does not have this infection, the first result is indeed erroneous and antibiotics, like the rest of the treatment, are not needed. If you don’t understand, write again, but do not become hostage to an incorrect examination and incompetent consultation.

Question 24. Good night! I passed a PIF-smear for chlamydia (negative) and ELISA for immunoglobulins of the IgG type (also negative).Plus a normal smear (normal), there are no elevated leukocytes. Do I need to retake it for PCR or 2 analyzes cannot be mistaken (i.e. if there are chlamydia, then they would be visible either on PIF or on ELISA in the credits?). I would not like to spend more money on unnecessary tests, and there are so many expenses … But if it is necessary – then … Now we are planning a pregnancy, we will be examined. Sexual acts are protected by a condom. My husband seems to have been diagnosed with chlamydia (but he has now passed PCR tests to make sure that it is present before treatment).It was detected by ELISA smear and ELISA blood for IgG immunoglobulins. What can you recommend? How often can UIF smears (methods) be mistaken and how informative is ELISA for immunoglobulins? Thank you.
Answer 24. Good night! You do not need to retake the tests – a negative ELISA test in the blood excludes the presence of chlamydia. ELISA smear on chlamydia is not performed – there is no such test. The mutual fund gives up to 40% of false positive results. But a positive ELISA test for the husband’s blood needs to be repeated in another laboratory and an assessment of all the results obtained taking into account the confidence intervals in the test system used – here the doctor may misinterpret the correct results.If necessary – write again or come for a “live” consultation at the clinic

Question 25. Good afternoon! Chlamydia was found in my smear. The problem is that the baby is one year and three months old, and I am still breastfeeding. Are there any antibiotics compatible with HB, provided that the child eats no more than one or two times a day (only at night). Or do you still have to end up with GW?
Answer 25. First, do additional tests for antibodies (IgG and IgA) to chlamydia in the blood. If they turn out to be negative, it means that your smear result is lying and you can calm down.If antibodies are still detected in diagnostic titers, then it is better to stop breastfeeding and undergo a full course of antibiotic treatment for you and your husband (preferably also after the examination).

Question 26. Good afternoon! Please answer this question. Is it possible during the course of treatment for chlamydia to enter into intimacy with my husband if you are using a condom to protect yourself? Or is it fraught with something for me? Moreover, he is absolutely healthy. Thank you.
Answer 26.Good day! For you, this is fraught with a 25-30% decrease in the expected effectiveness of the treatment.

Question 27. Hello! Explain, please, why the treatment of such infections as ureaplasmosis and chlamydia is not always justified, in your opinion? If, indeed, 60% of the population has these microorganisms on the mucous membranes, including in the oral cavity, from where I picked up this muck from my girlfriend during oral sex. And how do people coexist with this at all? Carriers or what? One detail is absolutely unclear: my ex-girlfriend was examined by the PCR method and for a smear – the analysis is normal, that is, she seems to have nothing.But the fact is obvious – I only got infected from her during oral sex, since I never cheated on her. Why do I say so? Because the first symptoms appeared on the 6th day after the last contact with her. The analysis revealed chlamydia and ureaplasma in me. It turns out that the PCR did not “detect” chlamydia and ureaplasma in the girl ??? And another question: can the production of antibodies on chlamydia be considered a reliable “indicator”? The doctor said that antibodies are not produced in weakened people (old people, alcoholics, drug addicts).I seem to be fine with this matter: I don’t smoke, I don’t drink, I eat normally. By the way, the doctor does not look like a “greedy charlatan”, since he is clearly not interested in my visits to him. I bought the drugs from another pharmacy and used the services of an independent laboratory. Thank you very much for your answers. Do not blame me for my importunity, there are simply disappointments in my life … Maybe it is better to engage in masturbation? All the best!!!
Answer 27. Ureaplasmas and chlamydiae do not live in the oral cavity and are not transmitted during oral sex.Including your test results are not all right. Moreover, talk about “weakened immunity” when antibodies are not produced is just nonsense, regardless of what your doctor is interested in or is not interested in. If a person does not have antibodies to chlamydia in the blood, then he does not have chlamydia either. And all the positive results in this case for the detection of chlamydia themselves, wherever there may be, are a 100% error or a commercial “divorce”. Including either it is necessary to find a decent doctor, or it is better to really engage in masturbation, so as not to run into such “troubles”.

Question 28. Hello! Explain, please. As far as I understand now, you can be a carrier of chlamydia and live peacefully at the same time? And they will not affect tissues, joints, eyeballs, ovaries, as described in the medical literature? It turns out – this is a chronic infection, a “sleeping monster” that can wake up? Then a passing question arises: what then, when creating a family and reproduction of offspring, being a carrier of chlamydia? It turns out that the future wife and the future child are infected? Just some kind of horror! Thank you very much! All the best.
Answer 28. No, you are getting it wrong now. You cannot be a “healthy” carrier of chlamydia and “live peacefully” at the same time. Although it really is, it is usually a chronic infection. But which sooner or later still needs to be treated with antibiotics, choosing the right moment. Preferably, before the “reproduction of offspring.” Otherwise, really “some kind of horror.” Please, great.

Question 29. Good afternoon! I am planning a pregnancy and, on the advice of a doctor, passed tests for mycoplasma, upeoplasma, gonorrhea, various fungal, etc.Everything is negative, only the level of leukocytes in the smear is 40. The local gynecologist says that it can be chlamydia and advises to pass this test as well. Nothing bothers me and my husband, my cycle is regular, there is no discharge (except transparent in the middle of the cycle), the sexual partner is the first and only one, me too – this is 100%, both were not sick with anything. My question is: can other factors affect the level of leukocytes (for example, a cold on the day of the test or the day of m.c. – by the way, it was exactly the middle of the cycle, etc.)P.)? If you take this test, will the blood from the vein show the presence of chlamydia or only a smear is needed for this? Thank you.
Answer 29. Good afternoon! The other listed factors cannot influence the test result. If you have a trusting relationship with your husband, then there can be no genital chlamydia – they are transmitted by 99.9% sexually. Although a blood test for antibodies to chlamydia is more reliable. There are no antibodies – and there is no such infection either, so that they would not be found in the smear. With this, some high-spirited doctors have it easily.Most likely, your leukocytosis is associated with urogenital dysbiosis caused by a non-specific bacterial infection, which can even be found in girls who are not sexually active. It is necessary to make bacterial cultures from the urethra, vagina and cervical canal. If such bacteria are isolated, they must be treated as dysbiosis – without the use of antibiotics. This is a categorical condition that the gynecologist should not advise you.

Question 30. Tell me which test will better determine chlamydia.I passed an IgG blood test, the result is 1:10 – weakly positive. My boyfriend donated sperm, the result is completely negative. How can this be? After all, if one has chlamydia, then there is another. How can we clarify this?
Answer 30. Your result is weakly positive or, more correctly, questionable (the so-called “gray zone”). According to the instructions for all test systems, such a result cannot be considered positive and treatment should not be prescribed. This study must be repeated after 10–12 days. If the result is again weakly positive, then both tests are considered negative.So your boyfriend donated sperm early – most likely both of you are healthy.

Question 31. Hello! I have a question regarding the discrepancy between the opinions of classical and alternative medicine: tests in the laboratory for TORCH infection showed an excess of the IgG antibody titer to chlamydia by 64 times (1: 320 with a diagnostic titer of 1: 5), and the homeopath’s diagnosis showed the absence of chlamydia. Regarding the large number of antibodies to chlamydia, the doctor said that this is a high immunity to them. In turn, the doctor who gave the analysis from the laboratory said that an increase in antibodies indicates an inflammatory process.Which one is right? Thank you in advance!
Answer 31. Hello! The detection of high titers of antibodies to chlamydia indicates the presence in the body of an infectious (inflammatory) process caused by chlamydia. and not about “high” immunity to this infection. Treatment may be indicated. The homeopath is wrong. However, before starting treatment, it is necessary to carry out an additional PCR study of scrapings from the urethra and cervical canal for chlamydial DNA and, just in case, repeat the test for IgG to chlamydia (in the blood), but in another laboratory and preferably not in titers, but in international units of activity.

Question 32. Please tell me if chlamydia in a non-acute state can be the only cause of early miscarriages (1st – at 6 weeks, 2nd – at 3 weeks)? Thank you in advance for your response.
Answer 32. The answer is no – no, they cannot. The most thorough examination for herpes viruses is necessary. At such an early date, it is viruses that are the main cause of miscarriages, not chlamydia.

Question 33. Hello! I was found to have high titers of antibodies to chlamydia (IgG-1: 512, at the norm – 1:32, IgA – neg.) and immediately prescribed the antibiotic vibramycin. I don’t buy it yet. 1) IgA – neg.; 2) I heard that before prescribing an antibiotic, you need to check several antibiotics for sensitivity and choose the one that will immediately kill the infection, and not test all the means on me in turn; 3) passed the bacterial culture and no intracellular inclusions were found there (and chlamydia is like an intracellular parasite) and nothing bad was found at all.
Answer 33. Before starting treatment, take tests again, but in another laboratory: blood for IgG antibodies and scraping for PCR.It is advisable to confirm the diagnosis of chlamydia before treatment in different laboratories or in different clinics: today there are too many accidental or deliberate mistakes. Bacterial culture is not used for the diagnosis of chlamydia, incl. this argument of yours is off the mark. Determination of sensitivity is also not necessary, p.p. the sensitivity of chlamydia to antibiotics is well studied and is the same in different countries and in different patients. Also check for chlamydia in your perennial partner, if there is one. Then you can get an idea of whether or not you need to be treated with antibiotics.

Question 34. Hello! I was tested for antibodies to chlamydia with a break of about 1 month. First time: IgA – neg, IgG – 1: 320 (diagnostic titer 1: 5), second: IgA – neg, IgG – 1: 512 (at a rate of 1:32). Does this mean that the number of antibodies is reduced and you do not need to take antibiotics? Thank you in advance.
Answer 34. With such a high activity of the infectious process, a slight decrease in antibody titer is not an indication for rejecting antibiotics. Such chlamydia will not go away on its own, but will only turn into a chronic form, which will be more difficult to treat.It is advisable to conduct a PCR study of urogenital scrapings for chlamydial DNA before starting treatment and deal with a permanent sexual partner, if there is one: examine, treat? So that after the end of your treatment there will be no re-infection afterwards.

Question 35. Good afternoon, I just have some nonsense going on. Underwent a long, serious course of treatment for chlamydia (initial IgA – 8, IgG – 256)? At the next test: IgA – no, IgG – 128, and then dropped to 64.After that, we decided to adjust the titer drop process a little and were treated again, but not for so long. Has passed the tests: IgA – again 8, and IgG – again 128. How can this be ??? !!! There were NO connections !!! At all. maybe it is overdone with antibiotics or is it being treated again? I really look forward to your answer, thank you very much.
Good afternoon (continuation of the question). This is me again (question about chlamydia, increase in titer after a second course of treatment). Sorry for such persistence, but circumstances are compelling.You advise to wait 1-2 months and retake the tests. So the question itself is: is it possible to have sex all this time? More precisely, will a condom protect me from re-infection or someone that I would not infect him? And is chlamydia transmitted through kissing? I’m really, really looking forward to your answer. Thanks in advance.
Answer 35. The dynamics of your analyzes is really illogical. A repeated course of antibiotics cannot lead to such a result, although it should not have been prescribed to “catch up” and “accelerate” it.Only re-infection could explain such analyzes. But you didn’t have that. Therefore, there is no need to be treated again now. After a couple of months, it is necessary to take tests in another laboratory or at the same time in two different laboratories. In addition, in addition to blood tests, make scrapings from the urethra and cervical canal for chlamydial DNA by PCR. Then the picture will clear up. Maybe the problem is not in you, but in the quality of the work of this laboratory. You can engage in vaginal sex with a condom – there is practically no infection.With oral sex, chlamydia, if transmitted, but do not cause disease, also with kissing. Go into battle.

Question 36. Hello! Analyzes for chlamydia showed the presence of antibodies of the IgG class, and analysis for RIF (immune-fluorescence reaction) showed the presence of single reticular bodies in single cells. Please tell me is it dangerous? If you keep chlamydia under control (in order to prevent the inflammatory process), then how often do you need to be tested (including during pregnancy)?
Answer 36.It is necessary to compare the height of the levels of antibodies of the IgG class with the results of PCR studies of scrapings. RIF is an incorrect method today in confirming this and other diagnoses in infectious diseases. Keeping chlamydia “under control” is difficult: it can exacerbate at the most inopportune moment. Therefore, they must either be treated, or, within 3-4 months of observation and periodic examination, the issue of infection should be removed from the agenda, considering the presence of antibodies as a post-infectious reaction of the immune system (maintaining a low titer of antibodies in the absence of the pathogen itself).Pregnancy and chlamydia are not a very desirable combination.

Question 37. Hello! Help me to understand. The analysis for STDs showed that the girl had candidiasis, and I had chlamydia. A year ago, I underwent a course of treatment for chlamydia (after a course of treatment for trichomoniasis, after which chlamydia was found: a single luminescence was found). I passed 2 controls (one – after 1.5 months, the other – after another month). All is clear. The doctor said that I was cured. Nothing was found with the former sexual partner.After the cure, the connections were only with their girl! And here it is again! There is only one sexual partner. And the questions are as follows: 1) Is it possible that the treatment was ineffective? But what about 2 controls (and with provocation)? 2) Why didn’t the analysis reveal chlamydia in the girl (general analysis for STDs – immunofluorescence analysis)? My doctor advised me to wait for my girlfriend’s cure for candidiasis – it seems like chlamydia is often hidden behind it (difficult to identify). And then get tested again. Is it so? 3) Further delay in the treatment of chlamydia in a girl – how seriously can it affect the results of treatment, are complications possible? 4) A scheme was prescribed (cycloferon – 10 injections, unidox – 1 t 2 r / d 10 days, then fromilid 1 t 2 r / d 7 days, flucostat – 1 t 1 r / d 7 days) and bifidoc for maintaining the gastrointestinal tract.In addition to bifidoc, what else can I take – I develop dysbiosis while taking antibiotics.
Answer 37. Your diagnosis of chlamydia causes me serious doubts on the following points. Firstly, the research method itself – “glow” occurs only with the immunofluorescence method, in which up to 40% of pseudopositive results are possible. Secondly, there is no epidemiological anamnesis for repeated (after 2 negative controls!) Infection – you have a regular sexual partner. Thirdly, the absence of chlamydia in a sexual partner.Therefore, for a start, it is necessary to correctly confirm or remove this diagnosis (IgG antibodies in the blood and PCR study for DNA of chlamydia scraping from the urethra and prostate juice). A girl with negative test results is definitely not needed to be treated for chlamydia. If you don’t understand – come to my clinic.

Question 38. Within 3 years in sowing – chlamydia and Trichomonas. She underwent 7 courses of treatment with antibiotics and other drugs (in total – 12-15 names for each course). In culture – the same, although all tests for antibodies are negative.Communication with only 1 person, always with a condom. I feel normal, small white discharge and sometimes itching (maybe from thrush?). All this time – erosion, but not a single doctor prescribed treatment. Maybe these tests are false? Are there really so many antibiotics, etc. didn’t help? Thank you!
Answer 38. Unfortunately, I have to confirm your fears: these analyzes are really false. There is no such chlamydia in which there are no antibodies in the blood. This means that the method by which chlamydia was “detected” (in your case, it is similar to immunofluorescent), either gives a consistently erroneous result, or was determined by commercial considerations of the laboratory or cleans that conducted the study and prescribed treatment.And seven courses of antibiotic treatment – not every healthy organism can withstand it. If you don’t understand, please contact me at the clinic.

Question 39. A blood test for antibodies to chlamydia showed a result of 2.07 at a rate of up to 10 units. Does this mean that I had chlamydia or is at the moment? Can chlamydia affect the oral cavity? Many thanks!
Answer 39. No, this result is negative and means that you were not infected with chlamydia not earlier, not today in any form.False alarm due to incorrect statement of the analysis result. According to the instructions for such test systems, all results below the control line (in this case – 10 units) should be written out as “negative” or “negative”. Chlamydiae do not affect the oral cavity. They can affect the conjunctiva of the eyes, joints, according to some sources – the nervous system. But this, thank God, has nothing to do with you.

Question 40. Tell me, how much can treatment for chlamydia cost?
Answer 40.Treatment for chlamydia, if it is really shown, can cost from 200 to 2000 UAH (with exactly the same effectiveness) – depending on the imagination of the attending physician and your apparent financial capabilities, which the doctor will be able to assess by your appearance.

Question 41. As a result of a blood test by ELISA, I was found to have chlamydia: IgG – the result is weakly positive 1:16. Please recommend what to do next. Is treatment necessary for such a result. Best regards, Nikolay
Answer 41.Nikolay, in 2 weeks it is necessary to take a second blood test for IgG antibodies to chlamydia. If he again, like this first, turns out to be in the gray zone (weakly positive), then both results are regarded as negative. The person is healthy, no treatment is needed.

Question 42. Good afternoon! My brother’s blood test showed chlamydia (IgM). His girlfriend has negative results (IgG and IgM in small titers, IgG more than IgM). However, she had been taking norfloxacin for 2 weeks before the test for cystitis.They live together for about 1 year. Is it possible? The analyzes were done in Diel. Is it possible to take a second test if both have already been taking antibiotics for a week. The girl’s gynecologist recommended stopping the treatment, as she believes that she is healthy. According to the girl, she has been sick for a year with cystitis, resistant to therapy, in addition, frequent inflammatory diseases of the internal genital organs. But she was tested for STIs for the first time. Thanks for the answer.
Answer 42. The analyzes are contradictory. If these results are to be believed, your brother is suffering an acute infection with chlamydia, which is not associated with sexual contact with his girlfriend of whom you know.Can this be? In any case, to clarify the situation, it is necessary to pass the tests again (IgG and IgA), but in another laboratory and if they turn out to be negative, close this topic altogether. Repeated tests for chlamydia can be taken within at least 6 months after antibiotic treatment: if chlamydia really was, and not invented in the laboratory, then even after successful treatment, IgG antibodies to chlamydia will not disappear from the blood earlier than this period. Your brother’s girl is shown to make bacterial cultures of smears from the urethra, vagina, cervical canal and urine culture to establish the etiological factor of this focus of chronic bacterial infection (cystitis), which has nothing to do with STDs.In addition, in Ukraine, it is legally prohibited to receive medical advice regarding the health status of their adult relatives without their consent. I hope you have such consent of your brother?

Question 43. I was diagnosed with ureaplasma and chlamydia. But I am not yet sexually active. The mother never had such infections. Please tell me how you can get infected with these infections in another way. Thank you in advance. I am waiting for an answer
Answer 43. If you are not mistaken about the initiation of sexual activity and observe the norms of personal hygiene (absence of a common washcloth, a common towel and other common personal hygiene items with a sick person), then you are brazenly “bred” in the laboratory or just the tests are done not professional.In any case, miracles do not happen and there are no other ways of infection with these STDs. Every week I “shoot” as erroneous diagnoses of non-existent chlamydia, trichomoniasis and other STDs. It looks like you have the same story.

Question 44. I have chlamydia and ureaplase. The husband did an analysis – nothing of the kind was found in him. How can this be explained? Despite the fact that I have not slept with anyone other than my husband. What are the ways of transmission of these infections, other than sexual transmission? This is important to me, because he doubts me.I really need advice.
Answer 44. There is no way to explain this. The route of transmission is either sexual or household (common washcloth, common towel, etc. common personal hygiene items with a sick person). If you have not forgotten anything, then it looks like either you are simply deceived or hack tests were done, or the husband is still the source of these infections and his tests are not correct. During this week alone, I made 3 diagnoses of chlamydia, which were also not correct as yours. If you don’t understand, come with your husband to the clinic for an appointment.Or we will rehabilitate you, or we will find something from your husband.

Question 45. Good afternoon. Confused. Help. I had chronic chlamydia diagnosed 5 years ago. It proceeded without symptoms. Analyzes a year ago showed titers of 10, the gynecologist said it was not necessary to treat, it is possible to plan a pregnancy with this. A year later, my husband and I decided to undergo treatment in order to exclude the slightest danger to our unborn child. They gathered their will (and finances) into a fist and underwent a course of treatment. 2 weeks after the end of the course, PCR tests for chlamydial DNA in a smear from the urethra and cervical canal were taken.Showed that it was clean. But I decided to undergo a full examination, donated blood for chlamydia, Trichomonas, mycoplasma, ureaplasma. Everything is clean, but chlamydia (antibodies, as I understand it) – 63.9. The doctor says, you need to treat, you can’t get pregnant with this. Doctor, why did the indicators jump so much? Where did it come from? We were treated: 1. injections of cycloferon 2. ciprofloxacin 3. malavit cream 4. for immunity and microflora (echinacea, riboxin, linex). Now I see, after reading your materials, that we could not cure with one antibiotic.But why did it get worse? There were no other partners either there or there. Thanks for the answer! Victoria.
Answer 45. Good day, Victoria! Something in your story doesn’t match. If titers were so low a year ago, and there were no other partners in your marriage, then the last tests for antibodies to chlamydia are lying. Moreover, the PCR tests are negative and you do not report anything about the presence of positive titers in your husband. Therefore, together with your husband, you need to pass an analysis for antibodies to chlamydia in an independent laboratory, and if the city in which you live is small, it is better in another city.You cannot prescribe a new course of antibiotics without absolute certainty that you really have chlamydia that needs to be treated (not all titers are an indication for treatment!) – this can only aggravate the situation. Now I am observing a patient whose titer of antibodies to chlamydia (with a negative PCR test) dropped from 130 IU to 31 in 2 months without prescribing antibiotics. Isn’t that bad? There are many such examples. In addition, before the planned pregnancy, you personally (without a husband!) Need to be screened for more serious TORCH infections than chlamydia: herpes viruses (type 4), toxoplasmosis and rubella (if not in childhood).If you don’t understand, call the clinic.

Question 46. Good afternoon, Igor Semenovich! Please help me figure it out. In the summer, I took tests at your clinic when planning a pregnancy, in particular for chlamydia. Using the Vector Best method, the IgG result was 2.07 at a rate of up to 10 units, i.e. negative, on which I calmed down. Now my husband has started the examination (since we have a problem in the male factor). And the results surprised me: no infections were detected by the PCR method, and by the PIF method – inclusions characteristic of chlamydia (scraping from the urethra).I am concerned about the question of whether this can be and how much you can trust this method. I would very much like to hear your advice on what to do in this case, to trust the results or to double-check and to whom exactly. I would not like to be treated “just in case”. Third parties, such as sexual partners, are excluded. I would be very grateful for your answer. Best regards, your patient Lyudmila.
Answer 46. Hello, Lyudmila! This method (PIF) cannot be trusted – it gives up to 40% of nonspecific false positive results.An additional examination is shown to her husband – it is necessary to do a blood test by ELISA for antibodies to chlamydia. But not in the laboratory in which the “inclusions” were found by the UIF method.

Question 47. Hello, can you explain the following phenomenon? Five years ago, my wife and I were treated for chlamydia, every year they were tested for a relapse – everything is OK. Once again, having passed the tests, we learned that we have different results: I have mycoplasma, and she has chlamydia. With all this, we live a sexual life, without protection.Why don’t we have the same diseases? Or go to another laboratory?
Answer 47. Hello, you understood everything correctly. It is necessary to go to another laboratory and take the “correct” tests: first, an ELISA blood test for IgG antibodies to chlamydia. If the result is negative, the end of the unrest. You don’t have chlamydia at all. If positive (taking into account the height of the antibody titer!) – PCR study of scrapings for chlamydial DNA. Mycoplasma should not be treated as an infection at all. It is worth starting to take antibiotics – and you are a lifelong patient of a uroologist, and your wife is a gynecologist.If you don’t understand – come to my appointment.

Question 48. Hello! My boyfriend and I were diagnosed with chlamydia. Where could he come from if: 1) before him I used condoms with young people, but I was still tested for infections and was healthy; 2) a month before we met, he twice made a provocation for STIs and was also healthy. Where did the infection come from? Thanks in advance
Answer 48. Hello. This infection occurs as a result of a sexually transmitted infection.Another thing is how correctly this diagnosis was confirmed in you? The diagnosis of chlamydia can be considered confirmed by detecting high titer / level of antibodies in the blood by ELISA and detecting chlamydia DNA by PCR in scrapings from the urethra and / or cervical canal. In the absence of epidemiological prerequisites for infection (monogamous intercourse, like yours), it is recommended to retest anonymously or (even better) in another laboratory.

Question 49. Hello. Recently I had tests: complex (by PCR method) and separately for chlamydia (IgG).Several years ago I already had chlamydia, but I underwent treatment and, it seemed, everything was fine. PCR tests were all negative, but for IgG they were in the gray zone 1.1 (negative: 0.0 – 0.8, gray zone: 0.9 – 1.1, positive: over 1.1). The doctor advised to retake blood in 2 weeks to see if there is any dynamics. Two weeks later, the analysis showed 1.3, i.e. rose. Does this really mean that an infection is present in the body and treatment is needed (as the doctor advises) or does it still need to be tested again? And what can provoke IgG growth? Thanks for the answer
Answer 49.Hello! If a fresh infection with chlamydia cannot be ruled out, it is necessary to additionally pass a blood test for IgA antibodies to chlamydia. If this option is excluded, it is necessary to retake the IgG test again, but in a different laboratory. It is advisable to conduct a study on the French test system of the firm “BioRad” (or on the American one) – they give better results than the Russian one. This test is extremely specific in nature, and nothing but the chlamydia itself can lead to the appearance and increase in the level of these antibodies.But you have it too low for an acute process (there is no diagnostic 4-fold increase), and for an exacerbation of a chronic one. Moreover, if after treatment this test was already negative – in this case, a long-term chronic chdamydia infection is excluded. For all these indications, it is highly likely that your results may turn out to be a common laboratory error.

Question 50. Hello. My wife was prescribed treatment for chlamydia: Medomycin, 1 capsule 4 r / day for 14 days; Efloran 1 tab.3 r / day 10 days; Cycloferon 4 tablets (once) days: 1,2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20; Clerimed 1 tab. 2 business days to 10 days, starting from 11 days. I am interested in the following questions: 1. Is this treatment regimen effective? 2. Can I be treated according to the same scheme? Many thanks. Sergey.
Answer 50. Hello Sergey. The scheme can be effective – antibiotics are selected correctly. But I advise you to start with something else. Out of 10 visits to me for an appointment about chlamydia, which was initially detected or “resistant” to the therapy, this diagnosis can be confirmed in 2-3 cases with an independent repeated laboratory examination.Not more! Therefore, I advise you to start a second study in another laboratory or in another clinic: IgG antibodies to chlamydia in the blood and DNA of chlamydia (PCR method) in the urethra and cervical canal (wife), to you in the urethra and prostate juice or semen. Then it will be possible to discuss the treatment in more detail, or even forget about it altogether.

Question 51. Hello! I want to know if I have chlamydia. What types of analyzes are there now, which of them give more reliable results? How to test, is the day of the cycle important, abstinence, etc.d? Maybe there are some other nuances? We will hand over it together with my husband. Thanks in advance.
Answer 51. Hello! It is better to start the examination for chlamydia with a blood test for IgG antibodies to chlamydia by the ELISA method and better with the use of the diagnostic test system “BioRad” (France), which gives the most accurate results. Without any preparation and not even necessarily on an empty stomach. If you cannot exclude the possibility of a “fresh” infection within the last 2 weeks – additionally for IgA antibodies.If the results are negative, there is no chlamydia and other studies can be omitted. If positive, it is necessary to confirm the diagnosis of chlamydia by detecting chlamydia DNA by PCR in scrapings of epithelial cells from the urethra (you and your husband) and the cervical canal.

Question 52. Hello, I have tested for chlamydia. According to the PCR method, the result is negative, in the blood titers are 1:20. Which of these methods is more effective and should treatment be prescribed? Intestinal E.coli and enterococci. She took tests after the treatment of adnexitis. Thanks in advance.
Answer 52. Hello. These are different tests and have different diagnostic values. The absence of chlamydial DNA by PCR does not exclude the presence of chlamydia. However, low titers of antibodies in the blood (1:20) do not warrant immediate treatment. After 1 month – repeated PCR determination of chlamydial DNA in scrapings from the urethra and cervical canal and ELISA for antibodies in the blood. If PCR tests remain negative and titers are monotonically low, then treatment is not indicated.The presence of Escherichia coli and enterococci indicates that you have urogenital dysbiosis with the formation of a secondary bacterial inflammatory focus (adnexitis), in which antibiotics are absolutely contraindicated – only eubiotic treatment (eg, vagilac suppositories, phages) and an autovaccine. You are welcome.

Question 53. Good afternoon. Please tell me the address and telephone number of a medical institution in Kiev that can analyze the sensitivity of chlamydia to antibiotics. Thanks in advance.
Answer 53. This analysis does not need to be done at all. All chlamydiae in any country in the world are sensitive to antibiotics of two classes: tetracyclines and macrolides. It is written in any therapeutic or microbiological reference book. But if your chlamydia “does not respond” to treatment with such antibiotics, then with the probability of more than 50% you did not have them. Or laboratory error, or medical intent. To clarify the situation, you can contact me at the clinic.

Continued. Chapter 11.Urogenital dysbiosis. Thrush (question 1? 52)

90,000 Chlamydia: symptoms, treatment, signs

The most common sexually transmitted infection is chlamydia. Medical statistics report that up to 15% of sexually active people are infected with chlamydia. In Russia, the number of patients diagnosed with chlamydia is two to three times higher than the number of patients with gonococcal infection. In recent years, an increase in the incidence has been noted not only in adults, but also in adolescents.Up to 100 thousand people fall ill with chlamydia every year in the world. The disease is dangerous with a wide range of complications, from inflammation of the reproductive organs to infertility.

Features and causes of the disease

The causative agent of the infectious disease is the chlamydia bacteria, which are spread by many animals and birds. But the most common cause of chlamydia is the contact of a healthy person with a sick person. Transmission of infection occurs during sexual intercourse or through household use, as well as from an infected mother to a fetus during pregnancy or to a newborn during childbirth.

Chlamydiae are intracellular parasites that penetrate into a living cell and feed on its contents. After the final destruction of the cell, the multiplied bacteria attack other cells of healthy tissue, gradually spreading in the host’s body. The length of time between infection and the appearance of signs of chlamydia varies from a few days to one and a half months, but in most people it is three to four weeks.

The contagiousness of chlamydia is not particularly high: infection through sexual contact occurs in about one in four cases.There are a number of risk factors that contribute to the transmission of infection. Among them:

promiscuous sex, frequent change of partners;
addiction to alcohol and / or drugs;
insufficient or improper nutrition;

90,025 adolescent sexual contacts;

use of an intrauterine device for contraception;
decreased immunity.

When chlamydia gets into the external environment, they remain viable for up to 48 hours.Within one minute, they die in boiling water and on contact with an antiseptic – alcohol, solutions of hydrogen peroxide or potassium permanganate.

How to recognize?

The difficulty in identifying the disease lies in the fact that it often proceeds without external manifestations. Chlamydia symptoms are absent in 46% of infected men and 67% of women, at the same time, these people are able to transmit bacteria to sexual partners and are at risk of developing complications of the disease.In men and women, the clinical manifestations are somewhat different.

Signs of infection in men

Chlamydia in men often begins with an acute form of the disease. During urination, there is a burning sensation, itching, mucous, purulent or watery discharge from the urethra appears, its external opening swells and becomes reddish. Sexual intercourse becomes painful. After some time, if untreated, the symptoms become less acute, and the discharge appears only in the morning.The disease becomes chronic.

Signs of infection in women

The symptomatology of chlamydia in women is much less distinct and is manifested mainly by the appearance of specific discharge of a yellowish or yellow-greenish tint with an unpleasant odor. Some patients feel a burning or itching sensation in the vagina and in the urethra, pain in the lower abdomen and a slight increase in temperature may appear. However, in most cases, discharge with chlamydia is not accompanied by distinct discomfort.

Pregnant women infected with chlamydia often develop chlamydial colpitis with copious yellowish discharge, itching and burning sensation in the genital tract. Infection often leads to adverse pregnancy outcomes, including:

to spontaneous abortion;
to premature outflow of fetal waters during childbirth;
to premature onset of labor;
to inflammatory diseases of the placenta and chorion;
to postpartum complications of a septic nature.

In addition, the likelihood of infection of the child during childbirth is not excluded, which leads to the development of bronchitis, conjunctivitis or pneumonia.

Do you have symptoms of chlamydia?

Only a doctor can accurately diagnose the disease.
Do not delay the consultation – call by phone

+7 (495) 775-73-60

Diagnostic methods

For detection, it is necessary to perform a number of laboratory tests, including:

general smear: specific secretions for chlamydia are taken for analysis;
PCR: currently the most accurate method to detect the presence of even a small amount of chlamydia, the accuracy of the analysis reaches 95%;
ELISA: detection of antibodies to chlamydia allows you to identify the pathogen in about 70% of cases;
bacterial culture: growing a culture of the pathogen allows not only to establish the cause of the disease, but also to determine its sensitivity to antibiotic drugs in order to choose the most effective drug.

In addition, for analysis, urine, blood, scrapings of cells of affected organs are taken from the patient, and sperm from men.

Chlamydial infection therapy

Effective treatment of chlamydia is carried out taking into account concomitant diseases, special attention is paid to the genitourinary sphere, intestines and the immune system. During the course of treatment, it is recommended to refrain from sexual intercourse, drinking alcoholic beverages, and spicy foods.The patient is prescribed:

antibiotics that penetrate into cellular structures – tetracyclines, macrolides, fluoroquinolones;
means for strengthening the immune system – immunomodulators, vitamin complexes, antifungal agents, enzymes, bacteriophages, probiotics;
local treatment – suppositories, tampons, baths, enemas;
physiotherapy.

If you have a permanent sexual partner, both partners must undergo therapy.Treatment continues until tests for infection are negative.

Frequently Asked Questions

Is chlamydia spread through kissing?

No, the transmission of the pathogen occurs only during intercourse, and its nature can be not only vaginal, but also oral or anal. The contact-household route of infection through hygiene items is also possible, but such cases are extremely rare.

Can I get infected again?

The transferred disease does not form immunity to infection, therefore, after a complete cure, a person can become infected again.

How can you reduce the risk of contracting chlamydia?

Prevention measures include:

abstaining from promiscuous and casual sex;
Mandatory use of condoms in casual sex;
examination for genital infections after accidental intercourse, especially if it was unprotected;
upon detection of an infection – complete refusal of sexual intercourse during the course of treatment, notifying all sexual partners of the infection.

How did you know you had chlamydia: What Are the Symptoms & Signs of Chlamydia?

What Are the Symptoms & Signs of Chlamydia?

Chlamydia usually has no symptoms.

Signs of chlamydia

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STD Facts – Chlamydia

Chlamydia is a common sexually transmitted disease (STD) that can be easily cured. If left untreated, chlamydia can make it difficult for a woman to get pregnant.

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Where can I get more information?

10 Essential Facts About Chlamydia

Chlamydia – Symptoms – NHS

Symptoms in women

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