How does ringworm spread in humans. What are the common symptoms of ringworm. Which treatments are most effective for ringworm infections. How can you prevent ringworm from spreading. When should you seek medical attention for ringworm.

Understanding Ringworm: A Common Fungal Skin Infection

Ringworm, despite its misleading name, is not caused by a worm but rather by a fungal infection of the skin. Known medically as tinea corporis, this condition is part of a group of fungal infections collectively referred to as ‘tinea’ or ‘dermatophytosis’. These infections can affect various parts of the body, including the skin, nails, and hair.

Fungal infections are relatively common and can affect people of all ages. They thrive in warm, moist environments, making certain areas of the body more susceptible to infection. While ringworm can be uncomfortable and unsightly, it is generally not a serious condition and can be effectively treated with proper care and medication.

Types of Ringworm Infections

• Tinea corporis (body ringworm)
• Tinea capitis (scalp ringworm)
• Tinea pedis (athlete’s foot)
• Tinea cruris (jock itch)
• Tinea unguium (fungal nail infection)

This article primarily focuses on tinea corporis, or ringworm of the body. However, it’s important to note that the underlying causes and many treatment principles are similar across different types of fungal skin infections.

Transmission of Ringworm: How Does It Spread?

Contrary to common belief, fungal skin infections like ringworm are not highly contagious. However, there are several ways in which the infection can spread from person to person or from animals to humans.

Common Modes of Transmission

1. Direct skin-to-skin contact with an infected person
2. Contact with contaminated items (e.g., towels, clothes, bedding)
3. Interaction with infected animals (pets or livestock)
4. Exposure to contaminated soil (rare)

Are there any specific activities that increase the risk of contracting ringworm? Yes, certain activities and environments can elevate the risk of infection:

• Participating in contact sports (e.g., wrestling)
• Sharing personal items in communal living spaces (e.g., dormitories, locker rooms)
• Working in occupations that involve frequent contact with animals
• Using public swimming pools or shower facilities

To minimize the risk of transmission, it’s crucial to practice good hygiene and avoid sharing personal items with individuals who may have an active infection.

Recognizing the Symptoms of Ringworm

Identifying ringworm early can lead to faster treatment and reduced spread of the infection. The characteristic symptoms of ringworm on the body (tinea corporis) are quite distinctive, although they may sometimes be confused with other skin conditions.

Key Symptoms of Ringworm

• Circular, red, and inflamed patches on the skin
• Raised, scaly borders around the infected area
• A clearing in the center of the rash, creating a ring-like appearance
• Itching and irritation in the affected area
• Potential for multiple patches to develop across the body

Can ringworm appear differently on various parts of the body? Indeed, while the general characteristics remain similar, the appearance of ringworm can vary slightly depending on its location:

• On the scalp: May cause patches of hair loss
• On the feet (athlete’s foot): Often presents as dry, scaly skin between toes
• In the groin area (jock itch): Typically appears as a red, itchy rash in the groin and inner thighs

It’s important to note that not all ring-shaped rashes are fungal infections. Conditions such as granuloma annulare or certain forms of eczema can present similarly. If you’re unsure about a skin condition, it’s always best to consult a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis.

Effective Treatments for Ringworm Infections

Fortunately, ringworm is generally responsive to treatment, with several effective options available. The choice of treatment often depends on the severity and location of the infection, as well as individual patient factors.

Over-the-Counter Antifungal Creams

For mild to moderate cases of ringworm, over-the-counter antifungal creams are often the first line of treatment. These topical medications work by killing the fungus or preventing its growth.

• Clotrimazole
• Miconazole
• Terbinafine
• Ketoconazole
• Econazole

How long should antifungal creams be applied? The duration of treatment varies depending on the specific medication:

• Clotrimazole: Apply 2-3 times daily for at least four weeks
• Miconazole: Apply twice daily, continuing for 10 days after skin appears normal
• Terbinafine: Apply once or twice daily for 1-2 weeks
• Econazole: Apply twice daily until skin returns to normal
• Ketoconazole: Apply once or twice daily, continuing for a few days after skin normalizes

Prescription Medications

For more severe or widespread infections, or cases that don’t respond to over-the-counter treatments, prescription medications may be necessary.

• Prescription-strength antifungal creams
• Oral antifungal medications (e.g., terbinafine, griseofulvin, itraconazole)
• Combination treatments (antifungal cream with a mild steroid for inflammation)

Are there any side effects or precautions to consider with antifungal treatments? While generally safe, some individuals may experience side effects or have contraindications:

• Topical treatments may cause skin irritation in some people
• Oral antifungals can have more significant side effects and may interact with other medications
• Pregnant or breastfeeding women, elderly individuals, and those with certain health conditions may need to avoid specific treatments

Always consult with a healthcare provider before starting any new medication, especially if you have underlying health conditions or are taking other medications.

Prevention Strategies: Keeping Ringworm at Bay

While ringworm is treatable, prevention is always preferable. By implementing certain habits and precautions, you can significantly reduce your risk of contracting or spreading ringworm.

Personal Hygiene Practices

• Wash hands thoroughly and frequently, especially after contact with animals
• Keep skin clean and dry, particularly in areas prone to sweating
• Change socks and underwear daily
• Avoid walking barefoot in public areas like locker rooms or swimming pools

Environmental Measures

• Regularly clean and disinfect shared spaces and items
• Wash bedding, towels, and clothes frequently in hot water
• Avoid sharing personal items like combs, brushes, or clothing
• Keep pets clean and check them regularly for signs of fungal infections

How can you prevent ringworm from spreading if you or a family member is infected? Take these additional precautions:

• Cover infected areas with clothing or bandages when possible
• Avoid scratching the infected area to prevent spreading the fungus
• Use separate towels and washcloths for infected individuals
• Clean surfaces that come into contact with the infected area

By maintaining good hygiene practices and being mindful of potential sources of infection, you can significantly reduce the risk of ringworm and other fungal skin infections.

When to Seek Medical Attention for Ringworm

While many cases of ringworm can be effectively treated with over-the-counter medications, there are situations where professional medical care is necessary. Recognizing these scenarios can help ensure proper treatment and prevent complications.

Indications for Medical Consultation

• The rash doesn’t improve after two weeks of self-treatment
• The infection appears to be spreading or worsening
• The rash is accompanied by severe itching, pain, or signs of secondary bacterial infection
• You have a weakened immune system due to conditions like HIV or cancer treatments
• The infection involves the scalp or beard area
• You’re unsure if the rash is actually ringworm

What should you expect during a medical consultation for ringworm? A healthcare provider will typically:

1. Examine the affected area
2. Ask about your symptoms and medical history
3. Possibly take a skin scraping for laboratory analysis
4. Prescribe appropriate treatment, which may include stronger antifungal medications

Remember, early intervention can lead to faster resolution of the infection and reduce the risk of spread to others.

Ringworm in Special Populations: Children and Immunocompromised Individuals

While ringworm can affect anyone, certain groups may be more susceptible to infection or require special considerations in treatment.

Ringworm in Children

Children are particularly prone to ringworm infections due to their frequent close contact with other children and animals, as well as their developing immune systems.

• Scalp ringworm (tinea capitis) is more common in children than adults
• Children may need oral antifungal medications, as some topical treatments are not suitable for young skin
• Prevention strategies in schools and daycares are crucial to limit outbreaks

Ringworm in Immunocompromised Individuals

People with weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS or undergoing chemotherapy, may experience more severe or widespread ringworm infections.

• Infections may be more resistant to standard treatments
• Longer courses of medication or stronger antifungal drugs may be necessary
• Close monitoring by a healthcare provider is essential

How does the approach to treatment differ for these special populations? Healthcare providers may:

• Opt for oral medications over topical treatments in certain cases
• Prescribe longer courses of treatment
• Recommend more aggressive preventive measures
• Monitor closely for potential complications or drug interactions

It’s crucial for parents, caregivers, and individuals with compromised immune systems to be vigilant about preventing and promptly treating fungal skin infections.

The Impact of Ringworm on Quality of Life

While ringworm is generally not a serious health threat, it can significantly impact an individual’s quality of life. Understanding these effects can help in addressing the emotional and social aspects of the condition.

Psychological and Social Effects

• Embarrassment or self-consciousness due to visible skin lesions
• Anxiety about spreading the infection to others
• Discomfort and irritation affecting daily activities
• Potential social stigma, especially in school or work environments

How can individuals cope with the psychological impact of ringworm? Consider these strategies:

• Educate yourself and others about the nature of the infection to reduce stigma
• Seek support from friends, family, or support groups
• Focus on treatment and prevention to regain a sense of control
• Practice stress-reduction techniques to manage anxiety

Impact on Physical Activities

Ringworm can also affect participation in certain activities, particularly sports and exercise.

• Some sports, especially contact sports, may need to be avoided temporarily
• Sweating can exacerbate symptoms and potentially spread the infection
• Public facilities like gyms or pools may restrict access to individuals with active infections

By understanding and addressing these impacts, individuals can better manage the overall experience of dealing with a ringworm infection and maintain their quality of life during treatment.

Ringworm (Tinea Corporis) | Symptoms and Treatment

What is ringworm?

Ringworm is a fungal skin infection. (It is not due to a worm as its name implies!) There are many types of fungal germs (fungi) and some can infect the skin, nails, and hair. Fungal infections are also known as ‘tinea’ or ‘dermatophyte infections’ or ‘dermatophytosis’. This leaflet just deals with ringworm of the skin (sometimes called tinea corporis). See also the separate leaflets called Fungal Scalp Infection (Scalp Ringworm), Athlete’s Foot (Tinea Pedis), Fungal Groin Infection (Tinea Cruris) and Fungal Nail Infections (Tinea Unguium).

How can you catch ringworm?

Generally speaking fungal skin infections are not that contagious. You can touch someone’s skin if they’ve got a fungal infection and, as long as you wash your hands afterwards, it’s unlikely you’ll catch it.

Occasionally you can catch fungal skin infections and here is a list of how:

• From person to person by touching a person who has the infection.
• From touching items which have been in contact with an infected person. For example, towels, clothes, bed linen or chairs which have been used by somebody who has ringworm.
• From animals. Some animals, such as dogs, cats, guinea pigs and cattle, have fungal infections on their skin. They can pass on the infection, especially to children. (Animals can be treated too if you suspect a pet is the cause. See your vet.) Farm animals can also be a source. Touching a farm gate where infected animals pass through may be enough to infect your skin.
• From soil. Rarely, fungi can be present in soil, and you can get the infection from contact with soil.

What are the symptoms of ringworm?

Tinea corporis

Corina G., Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

By Corina G., Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

A small area of infected skin tends to spread outwards. It typically develops into a rounded, red, inflamed patch of skin. The outer edge is more inflamed and scaly than the paler centre. So, it often looks like a ring that becomes gradually larger – hence the name ringworm. Sometimes only one patch of infection occurs. Sometimes several patches occur over the body, particularly if you catch the infection from handling an infected animal.

The rash may be irritating, itchy and inflamed. If it’s not itchy and annoying, it’s very unlikely it’s fungal.

Sometimes fungal skin infections look similar to other skin rashes, such as psoriasis. If you have a ring of slightly bumpy skin, but it isn’t itchy at all, it could be something called granuloma annulare: a harmless skin condition that requires no treatment.

Treatments for ringworm

Antifungal creams

You can buy an antifungal cream from pharmacies, or get one on prescription. There are various types and brands – for example, terbinafine, clotrimazole, econazole, ketoconazole and miconazole. These are good at clearing fungal skin infections. There is no evidence that any one cream is better than any other one.

Apply the cream for as long as advised. This varies between the different creams, so read the instructions carefully. Briefly:

• Clotrimazole: apply 2-3 times a day for at least four weeks.
• Miconazole: apply twice a day and continue for 10 days after the skin is back to normal.
• Econazole: apply twice a day until the skin is back to normal.
• Ketoconazole: apply once or twice a day and continue for a few days after the skin is back to normal. Cannot be used for children.
• Terbinafine: apply once or twice a day for one to two weeks. Cannot be used for children.

For skin that is particularly inflamed, your doctor may prescribe an antifungal cream combined with a mild steroid cream. This would normally be used for no more than seven days. You may need to continue with an antifungal cream alone for a time afterwards. The steroid reduces inflammation and may ease itch and redness quickly. However, the steroid does not kill the fungus and so a steroid cream alone should not be used: in fact, it will probably make the fungal infection worse.

Antifungal tablets

An antifungal medicine taken by mouth is sometimes prescribed if the infection is widespread or severe. For example, terbinafine, griseofulvin, or itraconazole tablets.

Not all treatments are suitable for everyone. People who may not be able take antifungal tablets include:

• Women who are pregnant or breastfeeding.
• People with certain liver diseases.
• People at risk of heart failure.
• People with long-standing lung disease.
• Elderly people.
• People taking other medication which may interact with antifungal tablets.
• Children.

Antifungal creams and tablets are covered in more detail in the separate leaflet called Antifungal Medicines.

General advice tips

Keep the affected area clean and dry.

To prevent passing on the infection, do not share towels. Wash towels, sheets and clothes frequently. Clean your shower or bath well after use. Try not to scratch the rash, as this may spread the fungus to other areas of your body.

You do not need to stay off work or school once treatment has started.

Pediatric Tinea Infections (Ringworm) – Conditions and Treatments

The symptoms of ringworm vary depending on which part of the body is affected. The most common types of ringworm are listed below.

Athlete’s foot

This problem mostly affects teenage boys and men. It usually doesn’t affect children before puberty. Things such as sweating, not drying the feet well after swimming or bathing, wearing tight socks and shoes, and warm weather can play a part in this problem. Symptoms may include:

• Whitening of the skin between the toes
• Scaling of the feet
• Itchy rash on the feet
• Blisters on the feet

Jock itch

This problem is also more common in males. It happens more often during warm weather. It is very rare in females. Symptoms of jock itch may include:

• Red, ring-like patches in the groin area
• Itching in the groin area
• Pain in the groin area

It does not usually involve the scrotum.

Scalp ringworm

Scalp ringworm is highly contagious, especially among children. It happens mainly in children between ages 2 and 10. It rarely happens in adults. Symptoms may include:

• Red, scaly rash on the scalp
• Itchy scalp
• Hair loss on the scalp
• Rash elsewhere on the body

Bad cases of ringworm of the scalp can also develop into a kerion. A kerion is a thick, pus-filled area on the scalp. It can also cause a fever. This can be caused by an overly active response of the immune system or an allergic reaction to the fungus. It may cause a rash elsewhere on the body and tender lymph nodes in the neck.

Nail infection

This type of ringworm causes the nails to become thickened and deformed. This problem affects the toenails more often than the fingernails. It happens more often in adolescents and adults rather than young children. Symptoms may include thickening of the ends of the nails and yellowing of the nails.

• Thickening of the ends of the nails
• Yellow color to the nails

Body ringworm

This skin infection is a ring-like rash that appears anywhere on the body or face. It happens in people of all ages, but it is more common in children. It is also more common in warmer climates. The symptoms may include:

• Red, ring-like rash with raised edges
• The middle of the rash may become less red as the lesion grows
• Itching of the affected area

Ringworm may look like many skin problems. Make sure your child sees their health care provider for a diagnosis.

Ringworm Prevention

Ringworm is a fungal infection of the skin that causes an itchy rash, frequently on the groin or hands. Contrary to its name, it is not caused by a worm. It is caused by one of three species of fungus: trichophyton, microsporum, and epidermophyton. It is highly contagious and can be spread by contact with infected people and animals, and also from spores in the soil.

Ringworm infection, dermatophytosis on skin.

The fungi that cause ringworm are called dermatophytes. They consume keratin, a protein found in the outer layers of skin. Warm, moist skin is an ideal environment for dermatophytes. The infection is very widespread, infecting as much as 20 percent of the population.

Ringworm causes distinctive raised red rings on the skin. Infection of the feet is called athlete’s foot and infection of the groin is known as jock itch. The nails may become infected — onychomycosis — causing thickening, discoloration, and loss of the nail. In immunocompromised individuals, ringworm can cause very large lesions, and, rarely, penetrate to deeper layers of skin and internal tissues.

Pets can also be infected with ringworm and transmit the infection to humans.

Hygiene

Good hygiene is important in preventing ringworm. Regular bathing or showering and fresh socks and underwear daily will help prevent the growth of moisture-loving fungus on the groin and feet. Avoid tight clothing like pantyhose and snug underwear. Put socks on before underwear to prevent transfer of fungi from feet to groin.

Since fungus thrives on moisture, dry off completely after a shower, allowing skin to air dry before putting clothes on. A hair dryer on a cool setting can be used to dry skin. When using a towel, dry feet last. Clip finger and toe nails and keep clean. Clothing exposed to ringworm should be washed in hot water with a fungicidal soap.

Sports & sharing items

Shower after any sport that requires skin-to-skin contact. Use slippers, sandals, or shower shoes in locker rooms and public showers. Disinfect exercise machines.

Sharing

Don’t share items that can transmit a fungal infection.

• Clothing
• Towels
• Linens
• Hairbrushes
• Combs
• Personal care items
• Sports equipment

Pets showing symptoms such as hair loss should be examined by a veterinarian. If your pet has ringworm, wear gloves while handling it. Surfaces and pet bedding can be disinfected.

Active infection

In humans, ringworm infections are known as tinea, and named specifically by the area of the body affected. The different types of possible tinea infections are:

• Tinea capitis—infection of the hair and scalp, most common in children
• Tinea corporis—infection of skin on the trunk and extremities
• Tinea faciei—infection of facial skin
• Tinea barbae—infection of hair and skin in the mustache and beard area
• Tinea cruris—infection of skin in the groin area
• Tinea pedis—infection of skin on the feet, also athlete’s foot
• Tinea manuum—infection of skin on one or both hands
• Tinea unguium—infection of the nails

A 3D illustration of Trichophyton mentagropytes – the microscopic fungus that causes athlete’s foot (Tinea pedis) and scalp ringworm (Tinea capitus).

In the case of an active ringworm infection, topical medications like miconazole, terbinafine, ketoconazole, clotriminazole, and tolnaftate can be used for two or three weeks to treat the infection. Scalp ringworm is sometimes treated with oral medications.

In pets, the same types of medications can be used. Hair around the lesion should be trimmed, and household surfaces and bedding thoroughly cleaned and vacuumed.

The lesions should not be touched, to prevent spreading the infection.

Further Reading

Ringworm (body) // Middlesex Health

Overview

Ringworm of the body (tinea corporis) is a rash caused by a fungal infection. It’s usually an itchy, circular rash with clearer skin in the middle. Ringworm gets its name because of its appearance. No worm is involved.

Ringworm of the body is related to athlete’s foot (tinea pedis), jock itch (tinea cruris) and ringworm of the scalp (tinea capitis). Ringworm often spreads by direct skin-to-skin contact with an infected person or animal.

Mild ringworm often responds to antifungal medications applied to the skin. For more-severe infections, you may need to take antifungal pills for several weeks.

Ringworm often causes a ring-shaped rash that is itchy, scaly and slightly raised. The rings usually start small and then expand outward.

Ringworm might appear as roundish, flat patches of itchy skin.

Symptoms

Signs and symptoms of ringworm may include:

• A scaly ring-shaped area, typically on the buttocks, trunk, arms and legs
• Itchiness
• A clear or scaly area inside the ring, perhaps with a scattering of bumps whose color ranges from red on white skin to reddish, purplish, brown or gray on black and brown skin
• Slightly raised, expanding rings
• A round, flat patch of itchy skin
• Overlapping rings

When to see a doctor

Talk to your doctor if you have a rash that doesn’t begin to improve within two weeks of using an over-the-counter antifungal product. You may need prescription medication.

Causes

Ringworm is a contagious fungal infection caused by common mold-like parasites that live on the cells in the outer layer of your skin. It can be spread in the following ways:

• Human to human. Ringworm often spreads by direct, skin-to-skin contact with an infected person.
• Animal to human. You can contract ringworm by touching an animal with ringworm. Ringworm can spread while petting or grooming dogs or cats. It’s also fairly common in cows.
• Object to human. It’s possible for ringworm to spread by contact with objects or surfaces that an infected person or animal has recently touched or rubbed against, such as clothing, towels, bedding and linens, combs, and brushes.
• Soil to human. In rare cases, ringworm can be spread to humans by contact with infected soil. Infection would most likely occur only from prolonged contact with highly infected soil.

Risk factors

You’re at higher risk of ringworm of the body if you:

• Live in a warm climate
• Have close contact with an infected person or animal
• Share clothing, bedding or towels with someone who has a fungal infection
• Participate in sports that feature skin-to-skin contact, such as wrestling
• Wear tight or restrictive clothing
• Have a weak immune system

Complications

A fungal infection rarely spreads below the surface of the skin to cause serious illness. But people with weak immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS, may find it difficult to get rid of the infection.

Prevention

Ringworm is difficult to prevent. The fungus that causes it is common, and the condition is contagious even before symptoms appear. Take these steps to reduce your risk of ringworm:

• Educate yourself and others. Be aware of the risk of ringworm from infected people or pets. Tell your children about ringworm, what to watch for and how to avoid infection.
• Keep clean. Wash your hands often. Keep shared areas clean, especially in schools, child care centers, gyms and locker rooms. If you participate in contact sports, shower right after practice or a match and keep your uniform and gear clean.
• Stay cool and dry. Don’t wear thick clothing for long periods of time in warm, humid weather. Avoid excessive sweating.
• Avoid infected animals. The infection often looks like a patch of skin where fur is missing. If you have pets or other animals, ask your veterinarian to check them for ringworm.
• Don’t share personal items. Don’t let others use your clothing, towels, hairbrushes, sports gear or other personal items. And don’t borrow such things.

Diagnosis

Your doctor might be able to diagnose ringworm simply by looking at it. Your doctor may take skin scrapings from the affected area so that they can be examined under a microscope.

Treatment

If over-the-counter treatments don’t work, you may need prescription-strength antifungal medications — such as a lotion, cream or ointment that you apply to the affected skin. If your infection is particularly severe or extensive, your doctor might prescribe antifungal pills.

Lifestyle and home remedies

For a mild case of ringworm, try these self-care tips.

• Keep the affected area clean and dry.
• Apply an over-the-counter antifungal lotion, cream or ointment such as clotrimazole (Lotrimin AF) or terbinafine (Lamisil AT) as directed on the packaging.

Preparing for an appointment

Your family doctor or a skin specialist (dermatologist) can diagnose ringworm of the body. Here are some tips to help you get ready for your appointment.

What you can do

Your time with your doctor is limited, so preparing a list of questions helps you make the most of your appointment. List your questions from most important to least important in case time runs out. For ringworm, some basic questions to ask your doctor include:

• What might be causing the signs and symptoms?
• Are tests needed to confirm the diagnosis?
• What is the best treatment?
• Is this condition temporary or chronic?
• Is there a generic alternative to the medicine you’re prescribing?
• Can I wait to see if the condition goes away on its own?
• What can I do to prevent the infection from spreading?
• What skin care routines do you recommend while the condition heals?

What to expect from your doctor

Your doctor is likely to ask you a number of questions, such as:

• When did you first notice your symptoms?
• What did the rash look like when it first started?
• Have you had this type of rash in the past?
• Does a pet or family member already have ringworm?
• Is the rash painful or itchy?
• Have you used any medications on it already? If so, what?

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Ringworm Infections

Different Areas of the Body Are Affected

Ringworm is an infection caused by one of a group of fungal parasites (dermatophytes) that affect the skin. Dermatophytes thrive in warm, moist places and live on keratin, a protein found in dead skin, nails, and hair cells. These fungal infections are called tinea infections, and they are named for the area of the body involved. The most common are tinea capitis (scalp), tinea corporis (body), tinea cruris (groin), tinea pedis (feet), and tinea unguium (nails). Tinea infections have different characteristics, and treatment depends on the area of the body affected. The seriousness of the infection depends on the body’s reaction to the fungal invasion and can range from mild reddish patches to intensely itchy, peeling skin and secondary bacterial infections. Conditions that increase the risk of infections include scrapes or cuts in the skin, high heat and humidity, perspiration, shoes that do not allow air circulation, use of hair oils, and diabetes or immunosuppressive conditions such as AIDS. Ringworm of the scalp mainly afflicts school-aged children. It is contagious but treatable with oral antifungal medications. Most patients have flaking of the scalp, broken hair and areas of no hair, inflammation, and in serious cases, a sore, swollen, reddish patch of scalp known as kerion, which can lead to permanent hair loss. Since this form of tinea is contagious, antifungal shampoos are often recommended for use by the entire family during treatment.

A Fungal Infection of the Skin

Most ringworm infections are spread by direct contact with someone who has a fungal infection, or less often by contact with items contaminated by fungi such as towels, brushes, or shoes. Contaminated soil is also a cause. Some of these fungi can cause infections in animals, which in turn may transmit the infection to humans. The symptoms of ringworm infections (in medical terms, tinea infections) depend on their location, but fungal invasion of the skin or nails can cause intense itching, scaling, or a reddish patch, often circular, which clears up in the center, first leaving a red ring around the area (this accounts for the name “ringworm,” which is not caused by a worm at all). Tinea of the scalp may result in scaling that appears to be dandruff, hair breakage near the scalp, called a “black dot” appearance, or in more serious cases, a swollen area of the scalp known as a kerion. Tinea of the nails can result in yellow, discolored, crumbled, chipped, or separated nails.

Making the Diagnosis:

Since so many other skin conditions look similar to tinea infections, it is important to have the diagnosis confirmed before beginning treatment. The diagnosis is often clear from the appearance of the skin or nails. The presence of a dermatophyte can be confirmed by looking at scrapings of the skin or nails under a microscope, although the exact type of dermatophyte can be determined only by growing the sample on a culture medium. Some species of fungi that cause ringworm infections will appear fluorescent in the dark under a blue light from a Wood’s lamp. In general, twice-a-day treatment with antifungal creams, ointments, or lotions is successful. These topical antifungal agents include medications such as clotrimazole, econazole, ketoconazole, miconazole, and terbinafine. In difficult-to-treat cases that do not respond to topical treatment, or in the case of infections of the scalp or nails, oral antifungal medications such as griseofulvin, itraconazole, fluconazole, or terbinafine are indicated. Sometimes both forms of antifungal medications, oral and topical, are used together. Most tinea infections respond to treatment in two to four weeks. If no improvement is seen within two weeks, a doctor should be consulted. It is recommended that topical antifungal medications be continued for two weeks after the infection has cleared to prevent it from returning. In patients with chronic, recurring infections, it may be useful to continue using the topical medications once or twice a week to protect against future infections.

Preventing Tinea Infections:

Tinea infections occur when transmission, or spread, causes an inflammatory reaction and conditions exist that are right for the fungus to thrive. To prevent infection, it is important to avoid potential sources of transmission. It is also advisable to keep the skin clean and dry. Recurring fungal infections such as jock itch or athlete’s foot can often be controlled by regular use of an antifungal powder or cream.

Treatment:

Be sure to ask your pharmacist for help in selecting the right medication to treat or prevent tinea infections. If your doctor prescribes an oral medication to control a tinea infection, your pharmacist can also tell you the best way to take your medication to achieve a cure. Oral medications for the treatment of tinea infections can have side effects and drug interactions. Check with your pharmacist to learn more about these medications.

Can Dogs Get Ringworm From Humans?

Contrary to what its name implies, ringworm is not a worm at all–which is a little less disconcerting for most of us! It is, in fact, a fungal infection from a group of fungi called dermatophytes, and is also commonly called Tinea. It gets its misleading name because it makes a ring-like pattern of red marks on the skin. Humans, dogs, cats and other animals all can get ringworm, but can they transmit it to each other?

Can Dogs Get Ringworm From Humans?

YES!
Your dog can get ringworm from you, and you can get it from your dog. It is much more common, however, for humans to give it to other humans, and dogs to dogs. Infection occurs from direct contact with skin or infected materials, such as towels, locker room surfaces, or bedding. If you, or your dog, contract ringworm, the good news is, that it is quite treatable, without complications, and you can take precautions to limit transmitting it between you and your pet.

Does My Dog Have Ringworm?

Ringworm is a contagious fungal infection that, unfortunately, you and your dog can share. It is not serious, however, and when symptoms appear you and your furry friend can get treatment to relieve the condition. Symptoms of ringworm include:

• A ring of red scaly bumps on the skin

• Red hairless patches on the skin

• Flaky red skin, or sores not always in the form of a ring

• Thick, yellow brittle claws, if nails are infected

• Itching, scratching and biting at irritated skin

• Can be asymptomatic but still contagious

Ringworm is very contagious and spreads by direct contact or contact with items that the infected dog has touched. It can linger on bedding, furniture, food bowls, carpets and surfaces, chew toys, personal items, and grooming tools for several months. Ringworm fungus especially likes warm, moist places where it thrives. It is commonly acquired in kennels where many dogs are present, usually including asymptomatic carriers. Mature dogs and people may be resistant to the infection, but a large exposure, a break in the skin, or an impaired immune system may result in an infection taking hold. Puppies and children are more likely to develop the condition.

Incubation period from exposure to infection ranges from a few days to a few weeks.

Your veterinarian may diagnose ringworm infection in your dog based on symptoms, especially if the characteristic ring pattern is visible. Ringworm infections may be diagnosed with ultraviolet light that causes the infected skin to glow yellow-green under the light. The best tool for diagnosis is to take a sample of skin and culture it to see if the ringworm fungus grows. Ruling out other causes of rash may also be required, and additional blood and urine tests may be necessary.

Read more on this condition and get advice from our in-house vets at

Ringworm in Dogs .

How Do I Treat My Dog’s Ringworm?

When an animal or person is infected with ringworm, precautions should be taken to minimize spread to other people or animals in the home. Washing hands, wearing gloves, and temporarily isolating the individual are recommended to reduce spread of the fungal infection. Bedding, furniture, carpets and personal items should be cleaned thoroughly.

Topical antifungal creams, ointments, and shampoos will be prescribed to be administered to infected areas, along with systemic medications administered orally. Shaving the hair in infected areas may make topical treatment more effective. Oral antifungals, like griseofulvin, itraconazole, and terbinafine are commonly prescribed to ensure eradication of the fungal infection. Oral and topical medication is usually continued for several weeks. All dogs and other pets in the household will probably require treatment. Family members should also be observed carefully in case they develop symptoms and require treatment as well. The condition remains contagious during treatment, and precautions to avoid transmission should be continued during treatment. Periodic ringworm cultures will be taken to determine if treatment has been successful. Although recurrence is common, and ringworm can require multiple treatments and aggressive environmental cleaning to get under control, infection is not serious and affected pets should recover without incident.

A solution of chlorine bleach and water is useful for cleaning surfaces where ringworm spores may have been shed by your dog.

How is Ringworm Similar in Dogs, Humans and Other Animals?

Many forms of ringworm are zoonotic, that is, common to several species and transmissible between them.

• Dogs, cats, and people all share several forms of ringworm and can transmit it to each other

• Infection is spread by direct contact or contact with personal items or an environment where ringworm spores have shed and thrived.

• Infection is often manifest as a ringlike rash of flaky skin.

• The disease is not serious and there are no complications in dogs or people

• Antifungal medications successfully treat ringworm infections

• Mature animals and people tend not to be as susceptible to infection as younger individuals

How is Ringworm Different in Dogs, Humans and Other Animals?

There are some differences in how ringworm affects different animals.

• Some forms of ringworm infection are species-specific and not transmissable between different types of animals and people

• People are more likely to get infected from other people and dogs from dogs, although transmission between people and dogs is possible also.

• Dogs tend to get hair loss at infection site as a primary symptom, while red bumps may appear on human skin where no hair is present

• In people, it is common to get ringworm on the feet from infected surfaces, especially in locker rooms; this is also called athlete’s foot.

Case Study

Fluffy, a 9-month-old Bichon Frise went to a new grooming salon. Unfortunately, so had an asymptomatic carrier of ringworm, and grooming tools used on the infected dog were not adequately cleaned between grooming sessions. Fluffy soon had round hairless patches on her skin. Although the unsightly rashes were not bothering her, they certainly bothered her owner, who immediately recognized the signs of ringworm from her childhood growing up on a farm. Their veterinarian gave Fluffy oral and topical antifungal medication, which her owner carefully applied with gloves, and the owner washed and disinfected the entire home. Fluffy’s owner fortunately did not get infected, as she took precautions to minimize exposure, and probably had some resistance to the fungal infection from her childhood farm experiences. Fluffy went back to the vet for a repeat culture in a month, and showed negative for ringworm with no remaining symptoms. A repeat culture a few weeks later also showed no sign of infection, so Fluffy was pronounced fungus free!

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90,000 Sea, sun, lichen. Doctor’s advice will help you get out of trouble in summer

The joy of sunny days can be overshadowed by seasonal skin conditions. About what lies in wait for children and adults on vacation, we talked with the deputy chief physician of the Ulyanovsk regional clinical dermatovenerologic dispensary Zakhar Kogan.

Sick kitten effect

The most common childhood summer illness is various types of lichen, including ringworm, or, as dermatologists call it, trichophytosis, as well as another type – microsporia.This disease is caused by a fungus. Most often, a person becomes infected with it from a sick person, and the carriers are domestic animals – cats and dogs. On holiday in the village, children have more access to them than in a summer camp. But in the second case, infection with lichen can be massive.

– For example, a child, seeing a kitten on the street, will bring it to the detachment, where all the children will pet the animal. A kitten can be infected with microsporia, – says Zakhar Kogan.

In animals, these diseases are not immediately visible. A seemingly healthy puppy or kitten can actually be a carrier of infection. There is a chance that the child will pick up the infection from peers. It is not excluded that a child will go to a health camp while in the incubation period, when there are practically no manifestations of the disease. The effect in this case will be the same as with a sick kitten.

Of course, microsporia is not fatal. But the period of lichen treatment can seriously ruin the child’s holidays.

– The number of sick children infected with microsporia increases towards autumn, when they return not only from summer camps, but also from the villages where they stayed with their grandparents, the doctor adds.

Tan speckled

Another summer fungal disease has in its name the word “versicolor” – it is pityriasis versicolor, or, as it is popularly called recently, “solar fungus”. It received its second name for the fact that it appears after sunburn in the form of light spots. Fortunately, not everything is so scary here.

– Pityriasis versicolor is caused by a fungus from the genus Malassezia, which lives on the skin of almost all people and is part of the normal skin microflora. Usually he doesn’t show himself in any way. But if favorable conditions are created, the fungus begins to multiply. And ultraviolet kills him. That is, light spots on the skin are not the fungus itself, but the places where it was, explains the dermatologist.

Treatment for “sun fungus”, according to Zakhar Kogan, takes 10 to 14 days. Then you can go back to sunbathe to even out the skin color. True, the doctor specifies that in the future this disease may remind of itself again.

On hard stones

Plantar warts are also known beach diseases, which are also exacerbated during the summer season. But we are not talking about sandy beaches, but about rocky or pebbly ones. The fact is that while walking barefoot on such beaches, a person can get small cuts and microtrauma from stones. These wounds become an excellent place for the development of the human papillomavirus – those very plantar warts.

It is quite simple to protect yourself from them – walk along the rocky coast in beach shoes. Of course, you will not get the mythical “power of the earth”, but the risk of plantar warts will be significantly reduced.

Spa Venus

According to Zakhar Kogan, venereal diseases also have a conditional seasonality.In the summer, the number of “spicy patients” increases. Not much, but still such a fact takes place. The geography of acquaintance with the “resort Venus” is very different. The Ulyanovsk regional dermatovenerologic dispensary is visited by those who had a rest in Thailand, and who swam on the beaches of Turkey, as well as holidaymakers from our Black Sea coast. Diseases are the same everywhere. It is clear that returning from a resort with a venereal disease means ruining yourself for the rest of the summer. But Zakhar Kogan reassures: modern methods of therapy make it possible to successfully treat piquant diseases.

You can protect yourself from them in the simplest way – not to have a promiscuous sex life while on vacation, or, for that matter, to use contraception. And if passion obscures your eyes, turn on your brain and remember that a momentary weakness can end in a hospital.

Igor Ulitin, photo by Igor Ulitin, “Narodnaya Gazeta”

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90,000 Do they take into the army with shingles?

Doctors distinguish several types of lichen.The most common of these are pink, red flat, ringworm, scaly, and shingles.

Despite the fact that many lichens are not contagious, most often they are not drafted into the army with them: the conscript is either given a reprieve or exempted from military service. For wet, scaly, pink, or ringworms, the draft board grants a respite from the army for treatment. That is, it approves the category of validity “G” . In such cases, the young man is exempt from conscription for several months, usually until the next conscription campaign.As soon as the grace period ends, the conscript will undergo a medical examination again. If by this time the lichen has disappeared, the military registration and enlistment office will send the young man to the service.

It is pointless to refuse treatment, hoping to be exempted from the draft. With these types of lichen, you cannot get a military ID. The military registration and enlistment office will give a reprieve until the illness passes.

For some types of lichen, such as multicolored or bran-shaped, the military commissariat does not give a reprieve.If a young man has no other health problems, he will be drafted into the army.

You can completely get rid of conscription with red flat lichen. Examination in such cases is carried out according to Article 62 of the Schedule of Diseases.

The army does not take:

• with widespread and often recurrent lichen planus;
• with limited and / or rarely recurrent lichen planus.

Previously, they were exempted from conscription with some forms of weeping and scaly lichen, but later they were excluded from the Schedule of Diseases.Now with them you can only get a reprieve.

Before setting the fitness category, the conscript will have to undergo a medical examination and additional examination from the military registration and enlistment office. The medical institution appoints the military commissariat for diagnostics (from the list of approved medical institutions). You cannot choose a clinic and a dermatologist on your own. If the results of the examination confirm the illness, the draft board will release the young man from military service or grant him a reprieve.

Difficulties may appear in young people who have a chronic disease in remission at the time of the medical examination. So that they are not drafted into the army, it is necessary to provide the doctors of the military registration and enlistment office with medical documents confirming treatment by a dermatologist.

90,000 fungus on the head of a child treatment

fungus on the head of a child treatment

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Expert opinion

Many people are faced with a disease such as mycosis. The provoking factors for the development of fungal skin lesions can be: swimming in open reservoirs, communicating with animals, non-compliance with hygiene rules. Don’t panic if the fungus has settled on your skin or nails. Remitazol – a cream for the treatment of fungus will help to cope with it.

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Treatment involves the use of local and systemic antimycotics. For contact children, quarantine is established for 30 days. … In case of damage to the hair on the head by the fungus, systemic antimycotic therapy is necessarily used.Children suffering from microsporia are prescribed modern ones. How to detect and treat scalp fungus? How to treat the fungus on the head, and where did it come from? … Symptoms, as well as methods of treating the fungus, are determined, first of all, by its variety. But still, there are several main symptoms that are inherent in each species. How to cure scalp fungus. It is necessary to start treating scalp fungus already at the first symptoms, otherwise. Treatment and elimination of scalp fungus symptoms involves the use of topical and systemic medications.Features of the treatment of onychomycosis in children. How to treat nail fungus in a child? A question that always worries parents. … The Eva Korneeva Podology Center deals with the treatment of fungus on the feet, removal of ingrown toenails, calluses, corns, treatment of diabetic feet and medical treatment. Fungus is a common and contagious infectious disease that affects the skin, nails, feet, mucous membranes and scalp under the scalp. In half of cases, problems with the epidermis are associated with a fungus. Treatment of the fungus on the head.Treatment with folk remedies. Prevention. In children. … How to recognize fungal diseases of the scalp, and what treatment can be practiced after a diagnosis is made, will be discussed in this article. Pathogenesis. Excessive growth in the number of fungal. I found ringworm on my daughter’s head, handed over hair-microsporia. Prescribed treatment: griseofulvin 2.5 tab c. A week later, the fungus was again found in the water reservoir, it glows under the lamp, the hair was easily pulled out again. the treatment was resumed. If a fungus is found on the head (in the scalp), treatment is required to begin with a detailed diagnosis of the disease.The disease is more often recorded in children from 4 to 15 years old, somewhat less often in infants and adults. The disease disappears with the completion of puberty. We have been treating mycosis of the head to a child for seven months (5 years old) We have tried different clinics and different doctors. Nothing helps. 1 treatment – Cynovitis shampoo, salicylic alcohol, Triderm ointment, Travogen cream, Exifin 1/2 tablets and Phosphogliv capsules. A month after the treatment, lichen appeared again. 2 treatment.

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In just 30 days of using Remitazol cream, you can eliminate wounds and ulcers, cracks between the fingers, dry the skin, remove peeling.Intense hydration and softening will maintain the hydro-balance and the upper protective layer of the epidermis to prevent re-infection.

fungus on the child’s head treatment

Remitazole is able to block fungal spores. The components penetrate into the deep layers of the dermis, accumulate and neutralize pathogenic microorganisms. This stops the spread of infection to internal organs and mucous membranes.

Preparations for the treatment of fungus for pregnant and lactating women.The choice of remedies for fungus at any stage of pregnancy is the sole prerogative of the attending physician. An independent approach to determining the type of fungi and treating lesions may turn out to be erroneous, which at least will take time and allow. Treatment of skin fungus – a wide range of drugs. Are broad-spectrum antifungals prescribed for pregnant women and. Antifungal antibiotics and antifungal medications. The defeat of the nail plates on the hands and feet, skin fungus, as well as fungal diseases of internal organs on.Causes of the disease with a fungal infection. Fungi are parasites that cause disease in many organs and tissues. Infection with a fungal infection is called mycosis. Most often, the infection affects the skin of the legs, hands, nails and hair, sometimes even internal organs. Children and the elderly are the most. In addition, nail fungus on one foot will sooner or later spread to the other. Cases are known to medicine when. Treatment of nail fungus is long-term. It can be canceled only when a completely healthy nail plate grows back.Depending on the individual characteristics of the organism. DNA diagnostics. Treatment of nail fungus. Local drug treatment. … Onychomycosis is a fungal infection of the nail and nail fold on the hands or feet.