How can you differentiate between gynecomastia and chest fat. What are the primary causes of gynecomastia in men. How does gynecomastia affect male physical appearance. What are the key symptoms of gynecomastia to look out for. Can gynecomastia be treated or managed effectively.

Understanding Gynecomastia: Definition and Overview

Gynecomastia, often colloquially referred to as “man boobs,” is a condition characterized by the enlargement of breast tissue in males. This medical condition can be a source of significant distress and embarrassment for those affected. It’s crucial to understand that gynecomastia is distinct from simple fat accumulation in the chest area, known as pseudogynecomastia.

Gynecomastia involves the growth of actual glandular breast tissue, while pseudogynecomastia is primarily composed of fatty deposits. This distinction is important for both diagnosis and treatment approaches.

Key Characteristics of Gynecomastia

• Excessive growth of masculine breast tissues
• Can occur at any age, but common during puberty and in older men
• May be caused by hormonal imbalances, certain medications, or underlying health conditions
• Often presents with a firm, rubbery mass extending concentrically from the nipples

Identifying Gynecomastia: Key Symptoms and Visual Cues

Recognizing gynecomastia can be challenging, especially when trying to differentiate it from general chest fat. However, there are several telltale signs that can help identify this condition:

1. Sagging chest: Particularly common in older men, where stretched skin causes the nipple to point downward.
2. Round chest: A spherical appearance resembling female breasts, distinct from muscular pectoral development.
3. Pointed pectoral ridges: An unusual contour to the chest area that differs from typical male chest anatomy.
4. Puffy nipples: Enlarged areolas and nipples that appear swollen or protrude more than usual.

Is there a simple way to check for gynecomastia at home? One method is to perform a self-examination. Gently feel the area around your nipples for any firm, rubbery mass. If you detect such a mass, especially if it’s symmetrical on both sides, it could be indicative of gynecomastia. However, a proper diagnosis should always be made by a healthcare professional.

Causes of Gynecomastia: From Hormones to Medications

Understanding the underlying causes of gynecomastia is crucial for both prevention and treatment. While the exact cause may vary from person to person, several common factors have been identified:

Hormonal Imbalances

The primary cause of gynecomastia is an imbalance between estrogen and testosterone levels in the body. This can occur naturally during certain life stages or due to various health conditions.

• Puberty: Hormonal fluctuations during adolescence can lead to temporary gynecomastia.
• Aging: Older men may experience a natural decline in testosterone levels, potentially leading to breast tissue growth.
• Endocrine disorders: Conditions affecting hormone-producing glands can disrupt the balance of sex hormones.

Medications and Substances

Certain drugs and substances have been linked to the development of gynecomastia:

• Anabolic steroids: Commonly used to enhance athletic performance or build muscle mass.
• Medications: Some antidepressants, anti-anxiety drugs, antibiotics, and heart medications.
• Recreational drugs: Alcohol, marijuana, amphetamines, and heroin have been associated with gynecomastia.
• Herbal products: Some supplements containing tea tree oil or lavender oil may have estrogenic effects.

Are there any lifestyle factors that can contribute to gynecomastia? While not direct causes, obesity and poor diet can exacerbate the appearance of enlarged breasts in men. Maintaining a healthy weight and balanced diet may help prevent or minimize the visual impact of gynecomastia.

Differentiating Gynecomastia from Pseudogynecomastia

One of the challenges in identifying gynecomastia is distinguishing it from pseudogynecomastia, which is simply an accumulation of fat in the chest area. While both conditions can result in enlarged male breasts, their underlying causes and treatment approaches differ significantly.

Characteristics of Gynecomastia vs. Pseudogynecomastia

How can you tell the difference between gynecomastia and chest fat through self-examination? Gynecomastia typically presents as a firm mass directly beneath the nipple-areola complex. In contrast, pseudogynecomastia feels softer and more diffuse, without a distinct mass. However, a definitive diagnosis should always be made by a healthcare professional.

Diagnostic Approaches for Gynecomastia

Accurately diagnosing gynecomastia is crucial for determining the appropriate treatment plan. Healthcare providers employ various methods to confirm the presence of gynecomastia and rule out other potential causes of breast enlargement in men.

Physical Examination

The initial step in diagnosing gynecomastia typically involves a thorough physical examination. During this process, the healthcare provider will:

• Inspect the breast tissue visually
• Palpate the chest area to assess the consistency and extent of the tissue
• Check for any lumps, masses, or unusual discharge
• Evaluate overall body composition and distribution of fat

Medical History Review

A comprehensive review of the patient’s medical history is essential for identifying potential causes of gynecomastia. This may include discussions about:

• Current medications and supplements
• Recreational drug use
• Family history of breast conditions
• Recent changes in weight or lifestyle
• Symptoms of hormonal imbalances

Laboratory Tests

To further investigate the underlying causes of gynecomastia, healthcare providers may order various blood tests to assess hormone levels and overall health. These may include:

• Testosterone levels
• Estradiol levels
• Thyroid function tests
• Liver function tests
• Tumor markers (in cases where cancer is suspected)

Imaging Studies

In some cases, imaging studies may be necessary to confirm the diagnosis or rule out other conditions. Common imaging techniques include:

• Mammography: To assess breast tissue composition and detect any abnormalities
• Ultrasound: To differentiate between fatty and glandular tissue
• MRI: For more detailed imaging in complex cases

Can gynecomastia be definitively diagnosed without medical intervention? While self-examination and visual assessment can provide initial clues, a definitive diagnosis of gynecomastia requires professional medical evaluation. Only a healthcare provider can accurately differentiate between true gynecomastia, pseudogynecomastia, and other potential breast abnormalities.

Treatment Options for Gynecomastia

The approach to treating gynecomastia depends on several factors, including the underlying cause, severity of the condition, and the patient’s overall health. Treatment options range from conservative management to surgical intervention.

Watchful Waiting

In cases of puberty-related gynecomastia or mild cases in adults, a period of observation may be recommended. Many cases, especially in adolescents, resolve spontaneously within a few months to years without specific treatment.

Lifestyle Modifications

For cases of pseudogynecomastia or mild gynecomastia exacerbated by excess body fat, lifestyle changes can be beneficial:

• Dietary adjustments to promote weight loss
• Regular exercise, particularly strength training to build chest muscles
• Avoiding substances known to contribute to gynecomastia, such as alcohol and certain recreational drugs

Medication

In some cases, medication may be prescribed to address hormonal imbalances or reduce breast tissue growth:

• Tamoxifen: An estrogen receptor modulator that can help reduce breast tissue
• Anastrozole: An aromatase inhibitor that can help balance hormone levels
• Testosterone replacement therapy: For cases related to low testosterone levels

Surgery

For persistent or severe cases of gynecomastia, surgical intervention may be necessary. Surgical options include:

• Liposuction: To remove excess fatty tissue
• Mastectomy: Surgical removal of glandular breast tissue
• Combination approaches: Utilizing both liposuction and glandular tissue excision

Is surgery always necessary for treating gynecomastia? Not all cases of gynecomastia require surgical intervention. The decision to pursue surgery depends on the severity of the condition, its impact on quality of life, and the effectiveness of non-surgical treatments. A thorough consultation with a qualified healthcare provider is essential to determine the most appropriate treatment approach.

Living with Gynecomastia: Psychological Impact and Coping Strategies

Gynecomastia can have a significant psychological impact on those affected, often leading to feelings of embarrassment, low self-esteem, and social anxiety. Understanding these effects and developing coping strategies is crucial for maintaining mental well-being while managing the condition.

Psychological Effects of Gynecomastia

• Body image issues
• Decreased confidence in social situations
• Avoidance of physical activities or situations requiring shirtless appearance
• Depression or anxiety related to appearance concerns
• Strain on intimate relationships

Coping Strategies

Developing effective coping mechanisms can help individuals manage the psychological impact of gynecomastia:

1. Seek support: Talking to trusted friends, family members, or a mental health professional can provide emotional relief and perspective.
2. Join support groups: Connecting with others who have similar experiences can offer comfort and practical advice.
3. Focus on overall health: Maintaining a healthy lifestyle through diet and exercise can improve body image and self-esteem.
4. Explore clothing options: Finding comfortable, flattering clothing can help boost confidence in social situations.
5. Practice self-compassion: Recognize that gynecomastia is a medical condition and not a personal failing.
6. Stay informed: Understanding the condition and available treatment options can provide a sense of control and hope.

How can individuals with gynecomastia maintain a positive body image? Cultivating a positive body image while living with gynecomastia involves focusing on overall health and well-being, rather than fixating on a single physical characteristic. Engaging in activities that promote self-esteem, seeking professional support when needed, and surrounding oneself with a supportive social network can all contribute to a healthier self-image.

Prevention and Management of Gynecomastia

While not all cases of gynecomastia can be prevented, there are steps that can be taken to reduce the risk or manage the condition effectively:

Preventive Measures

• Maintain a healthy weight through proper diet and regular exercise
• Avoid the use of anabolic steroids and unnecessary supplements
• Limit alcohol consumption
• Be cautious with the use of products containing lavender or tea tree oil
• Discuss potential side effects of medications with healthcare providers

Ongoing Management

For those diagnosed with gynecomastia, ongoing management is key to minimizing its impact:

1. Regular medical check-ups to monitor the condition and assess treatment efficacy
2. Adherence to prescribed treatments or lifestyle modifications
3. Open communication with healthcare providers about any changes or concerns
4. Exploration of non-invasive options before considering surgery
5. Psychological support or counseling if needed to address body image concerns

Can gynecomastia recur after treatment? While successful treatment can significantly reduce or eliminate gynecomastia, there is a possibility of recurrence, especially if the underlying cause is not addressed. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle, avoiding known triggers, and continuing to monitor for any changes in breast tissue are important steps in preventing recurrence.

Understanding gynecomastia, its causes, and treatment options is crucial for men experiencing this condition. By recognizing the symptoms, seeking proper medical evaluation, and exploring appropriate treatment options, individuals can effectively manage gynecomastia and minimize its impact on their physical and emotional well-being. Remember, gynecomastia is a medical condition that affects many men, and with proper care and support, it can be successfully addressed.

How To Tell If You Have Gyno : Understanding the Symptoms and Causes

Gyno or Gynecomastia

Gyno or Gynecomastia, also known in layman’s terms as man-boobs, is among the most alarming physical conditions of males. What is particularly disturbing is that not everyone can distinguish between normal chest fat and Gynecomastia. On the surface, it’s hard to tell the difference between them. In this article, Salameh Plastic Surgery LLC will help you distinguish between both and help you eliminate them.

Gyno typically occurs when there is excessive growth of masculine breast tissues. Gyno could also happen as the result of weight increase or obesity. It is natural that it is difficult to distinguish between Gynecomastia and chest fat from an outsider’s viewpoint. A buildup of fat around the chest area due to obesity or generalized weight gain is often referred to by the term pseudo-gynecomastia. This condition can be seen at any age but is more common among middle-aged and older males.

The condition of pseudogynecomastia may be treated through the right lifestyle as well as exercise and proper weight reduction. But, the same can’t be said about gynecomastia itself. Be aware that there is a possibility to suffer from both conditions within the same clinical situation, and this is actually quite common.

How to Tell if You Have Gyno or Gynecomastia

How can you tell whether you are suffering from Gynecomastia? It is an easy method to determine. It is likely that you are suffering from gynecomastia when you exhibit one of these four characteristics: a sagging chest, round chest, pectoral ridges that are pointed, or puffy nipples. If you’ve got one or more of these attributes it is likely that you have gynecomastia.

Older men who suffer from gyno typically have skin that is sagging on their chests. The skin that is stretched out causes the nipple to incline downwards over the lower region which is the lower part of your chest. Sagging of this kind is commonly observed after weight loss that is successful and can be a source of frustration after all that effort. Men’s chests are distinguished by a tight skin. This can be achieved through treatments.

Bodybuilders who suffer from gyno often speak of round pectorals or an entirely rounded chest; however, that’s not what we’re talking about here. In this case, we’re referring to round in the sense of spherical, which gives the appearance of breasts that are female. It’s normal to be uncomfortable about the appearance of these “man boobs,” but it’s not a condition you can treat at your own discretion. Treatment can help you attain muscular, well-defined pectoral muscles.

Breasts for women come in a variety of sizes. However, not all instances of gynecomastia are similar for males. Men can develop pectoral points that can be as incongruous. Although someone with a pointed chest might not even realize it, they could be suffering from the exact condition which gives them a more round appearance.

A masculine chest features small, flat areolas (the part of the chest that surrounds the breast nipple). Gynecomastia sufferers might have nipples that puff up, giving an appearance of a feminine breast. Even with no rounded or pointed pectorals, these nipples appear feminine, and eating right and exercising will not aid. Fortunately, this issue is treatable like the other problems.

What Causes Gyno?

Puberty is the primary cause of gynecomastia in adolescent males. The hormones function as chemical transmitters. The hormones involved in puberty may become out of balance and cause gynecomastia.

Certain drugs, medicines (including marijuana, alcohol amphetamines, and heroin), anabolic steroids (taken to strengthen muscles and increase power), and other medicines also cause gynecomastia. It is possible that herbal supplements like tea tree oil and lavender oil can cause gynecomastia as well. Sometimes, gynecomastia is an indication of medical ailments.

There’s also a condition known as pseudogynecomastia (or false gynecomastia). It has nothing to have anything to do with the puberty process or hormones. Some guys may have excess fat in their chests that appear to have breasts. A healthcare doctor’s examination will determine if a person is suffering from pseudogynecomastia or gynecom.

How Can You Tell Gynecomastia Apart From Chest Fat?

Most men are confused between normal fat deposits on the chest area and the actual gynecomastia just because the two conditions are visually similar, but also because many of the elements that cause both conditions could coincide. Well, there are a few ways to distinguish between Gynecomastia and pseudogynecomastia.

Gynecomastia can be defined as the growth of excess glandular breast tissue expansion in the pectoral region of a male. Pseudogynecomastia is described as fatty deposits that accumulate in the pectoral region of a man due to obesity or excessive weight increase.

Gynecomastia is a condition that causes a hard lump that may be felt or felt beneath the nipple/areola area. The lump will typically be much more solid than fat. This is among the most effective ways to differentiate the difference between pseudogynecomastia and pynecom. The lump can be sensitive or painful to the sensation of it. The sensation of this lump will usually tell you which of these two issues you are suffering from. For those with chest fat or pseudogynecomastia, there isn’t any tangible bulk or firmness that can be felt. The fat, however, is soft and it feels the same throughout the chest area.

Pseudogynecomastia can make the male breast appear saggier, while in gynecomastia the chest could appear more firm. Most of the time, normal chest fat will disappear by keeping your diet well-balanced and training regularly. Gynecomastia, however, does not disappear when you make changes in your diet and regular exercise and it is only reduced through surgical procedures in the event that all options for medical treatment have been considered but without any result.

How Can I Prevent Gynecomastia?

Gynecomastia treatments that are non-surgical consist of removing the triggers which could be the cause of the problem. This includes the control of alcohol intake as well as the abstinence of anabolic steroids and abstaining from any medication that could trigger gender dysmorphia. If the gynecomastia was because of a hormonal imbalance then it will be able to return to normal after the hormones in your body have stabilized and equilibrium has been established.

The alternative treatment for Gynecomastia is surgical treatment. Gynecomastia is removed from the chest through tiny incisions on the areola. These are utilized to reach the Gynecomastia and remove it with care. Gynecomastia surgery is generally an end-to-end solution to the issue.

Gyno Surgery

Take note of the following things if you’re considering of getting gyno surgery :

Your physician will recommend the most effective treatment for you, based on various aspects. The first thing to consider is your age. Dr. Salameh will examine the age of the patient and the general health and past health. It is also advisable to find out if you suffer from any existing medical issues or if you’re able to take certain treatments, medications, or treatments. Finally, let us know your preferences or opinions. Salameh Plastic Surgery always listens and is aware of the opinions patients have to offer.

The majority of cases of gyno occur at the puberty stage. The condition tends to improve on its own, with no treatment. It could take anything between 6 months and two or three years. If you suspect that a medicine causes breasts to expand, you might have to discontinue using the medicine. It can help solve the issue. 

If you suspect that a disease causes the condition and the disease must be addressed. Hormone therapy can be utilized to treat the condition of gynecomastia. In rare instances, surgical procedures may be required to eliminate extra tissue.

If you want to know more about how our gyno surgery goes, you can check our website or make an appointment with one of our two offices,  Salameh Plastic Surgery Bowling Green KY, and Salameh Plastic Surgery Evansville Indiana for your consultation. Our double-certified plastic surgeons and staff will be happy to assist you.

Gyno Near Me? Gyno Surgery in Indiana & Kentucky

Here’s some things to note if you’re in Indiana or Kentucky and looking for a surgeon for Gyno surgery near you:

Dr. Bernard Salameh, a double-board certified plastic surgeon who finished his training at Ivy League Yale University and went to the prestigious Vanderbilt University founded Salameh Plastic Surgery Center. Dr. Salameh treats his patients with passion and innovative techniques to benefit his patients.

Dr. Salim (Sam) Saba, who is also a double-board certified plastic surgeon by the American Board of Plastic Surgery and the American Board of Surgery. Dr. Saba finished at the University of California San Diego Medical Center for his plastic surgery training and went to the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center for a microsurgical and breast reconstruction fellowship.

A consultation with one of our plastic surgeons should be arranged to estimate your needs for gynecomastia removal. The procedure is performed in Salameh Plastic Surgery Center – Kentucky or Salameh Plastic Surgery Center – Indiana. Both are AAAASF-certified surgical facilities, which will make sure you are relaxed during and after the procedure.

Our plastic surgeons in both Indiana and Kentucky will inquire what are your purposes to undergo the surgery. It is essential to be straight and realistic regarding your expectations and goals.

Takeaway

Talk to your doctor if you are concerned about your breast size. Your doctor can determine the root cause. If medication or disease is the cause, medications can be changed and treatment options may be available. Over time, swollen breast tissue can shrink. Talking to a professional in mental health may be helpful if you are feeling anxious about your appearance.

We at Salameh Plastic Surgery Center do our surgeries with utmost care and precision. If you live around Bowling Green or Evansville/Newburgh, you can schedule an appointment to find out if you are a good candidate for a double chin removal at our offices in Kentucky or Indiana.

At Salameh Plastic Surgery Center, we are plastic surgeons that accept payment plans for our patients right from consultation through different surgery. Our plastic surgeons Evansville, Indiana location also will provide you with the most effective gynecomastia removal, and a memorable experience! We also offer breast reduction with implants, mini or full tummy tuck, and body shaping liposuction. We are also plastic surgeons that accept patientfi and credit care.

If you’re concerned about the procedure you can visit us at Salameh plastic surgery Bowling Green, KY, and Salameh plastic surgery Evansville, Indiana.

Or schedule a consultation with our top plastic surgeons in Kentucky by clicking this link at Salameh Plastic Surgery Center, or call us at (270) 228-3708.

Gynecomastia | Johns Hopkins Medicine

What is gynecomastia?

Gynecomastia is a condition of overdevelopment or enlargement of the breast tissue in men or boys. The breasts become larger. They may grow unevenly.

Gynecomastia often happens when a preteen or teenage boy is going through the hormonal changes of puberty. But it can also happen to newborn babies and to men as they age.

What causes gynecomastia?

Gynecomastia is usually a benign (noncancerous) condition. It may be linked to many different causes of hormone changes. In many cases, the cause isn’t known.

Gynecomastia is often caused by changes in levels of the female hormone (estrogen) and the male hormone (testosterone). But it can be caused by other things as well.

Gynecomastia can be a side effect of certain medicines, such as antidepressants, antibiotics, chemotherapy, prostate cancer medicines, ulcer or cardiovascular medicines. Illegal drugs, such as anabolic steroids, heroin, or marijuana can also cause gynecomastia.

Some diseases and medical conditions may also cause gynecomastia. These include:

• Liver diseases
• Kidney disease
• Lung cancer
• Testicular cancer
• Tumors of the adrenal glands or pituitary gland
• Some conditions that a baby is born with (congenital disorders)
• Thyroid disorders
• Injury or trauma
• Obesity

Newborn babies may have a short-term form of gynecomastia. This is often because a mother’s estrogen stays in a baby’s blood for a while after birth.

Gynecomastia is not linked to breast cancer. It is rare that men get breast cancer. But your provider may do some tests to rule out breast cancer.

What are the symptoms of gynecomastia?

You may have gynecomastia in one or both breasts. It may start as a lump or fatty tissue beneath the nipple, which may be sore. The breasts often get larger unevenly.

The symptoms of gynecomastia may look like other medical conditions or problems. Always see your healthcare provider for a diagnosis.

How is gynecomastia diagnosed?

Your provider will take your past health and medicine history and give you a physical exam.

To rule out other diseases or conditions, you may also have tests including:

• Blood tests, including liver function tests and hormone studies
• Urine tests
• A low-dose X-ray of your breast (mammogram)
• A small breast tissue sample (a biopsy) may be removed and checked for cancer cells

 In some cases, tests are not needed to diagnose the condition

Your provider may suggest that you see a provider who specializes in hormones and how they affect many organs (an endocrinologist).

How is gynecomastia treated?

Your healthcare provider will figure out the best treatment for you based on:

• How old you are
• Your overall health and past health
• How sick you are
• How well you handle certain medicines, treatments, or therapies
• How long the condition is expected to last
• Your opinion or preference

Most cases of gynecomastia happen during puberty. The condition usually gets better on its own without treatment. This may take from 6 months to 2 or 3 years.

If a medicine is causing your breast enlargement, you may need to stop taking the medicine. That can solve the problem. If a disease is causing the condition, the disease will need to be treated.

Hormone therapy may be used to treat gynecomastia.

In rare cases, surgery may be used to remove the extra tissue.

Key points about gynecomastia

• Gynecomastia is an overdevelopment or enlargement of the breast tissue in men or boys.
• The breasts become larger. They often grow unevenly.
• It is often caused by changes in levels of the female hormone (estrogen) and the male hormone (testosterone). Other things may cause it as well.
• Most cases happen when a preteen or teenage boy is going through puberty. But it can also happen to newborn babies and older men.
• It often goes away on its own. In some cases, hormone therapy is needed. Surgery may also help treat the condition.

Next steps

Tips to help you get the most from a visit to your healthcare provider:

• Know the reason for your visit and what you want to happen.
• Before your visit, write down questions you want answered.
• Bring someone with you to help you ask questions and remember what your provider tells you.
• At the visit, write down the name of a new diagnosis, and any new medicines, treatments, or tests. Also write down any new instructions your provider gives you.
• Know why a new medicine or treatment is prescribed, and how it will help you. Also know what the side effects are.
• Ask if your condition can be treated in other ways.
• Know why a test or procedure is recommended and what the results could mean.
• Know what to expect if you do not take the medicine or have the test or procedure.
• If you have a follow-up appointment, write down the date, time, and purpose for that visit.
• Know how you can contact your provider if you have questions.

symptoms, diagnosis, treatment – Axis Medical Center (Zelenograd)

It is an enlargement of the mammary glands in men, which appears due to the growth of fat in the chest area. It is very difficult not to notice this manifestation, since the increase in the volume of the mammary gland with gynecomastia is very significant. At the same time, the man feels pain in the chest area, which brings him discomfort. If we talk about specific numbers, the mammary glands with gynecomastia increase by 4-10 cm, and the figure loses its masculinity and begins to look more like a woman.

Symptoms

It is fairly easy to tell if a man has the disease by the following symptoms:

• Nipples become very sensitive
• Significant nipple enlargement
• Growth of the mammary gland, which can be even 15 cm
• Wearing discomfort, tight feeling

Similar symptoms are observed in children with gynecomastia, but there are additional symptoms, such as minimal hardening of the nipples, as well as the presence of colostrum-like discharge.

Causes

The main causes of gynecomastia are disorders that have occurred in the endocrine system, causing pituitary tumors, hypothyroidism, etc., as well as an imbalance of hormones in the body. One of the reasons is genetic diseases. Athletes who use, or have previously used funds that help to quickly build muscle mass, fall into the zone of particular risk for gynecomastia. If a person has been taking certain medications for a long time, they may also develop gynecomastia as a side effect.

Diagnosis of the disease

“If you experience similar symptoms, we advise you to make an appointment with a doctor. You can also make an appointment by phone: +7 (499) 214-00-00

Diagnosis of gynecomastia includes an examination by an oncologist-mammologist, laboratory tests that allow you to assess the hormonal background and the state of the endocrine system. Also, in many clinics, it is recommended to seek advice from an endocrinologist. Ultrasound is a diagnostic method for this disease, which makes it possible to assess the condition of the mammary glands. If, as a result of the initial diagnosis, nodular formations in the chest are found in the patient, he will be prescribed a puncture biopsy and mammography as additional procedures. Of course, breast cancer in men is much less common than in women, but there is still a risk. Since such a minimum probability exists, it should be excluded, because it will be extremely difficult to stop the malignant process later.

Treatment

The difference between the process of treating this disease and others is the lack of the possibility of using conservative methods of therapy. Therefore, the only way to get rid of the problem is to remove hypertrophied tissues surgically.

When to see a doctor

Do not assume that gynecomastia is a purely cosmetic problem, just not, because this disease can be caused by pathological processes that occur inside the body.

Gynecomastia: symptoms, diagnosis and treatment

Pathology in the form of breast enlargement in men is called “gynecomastia”. Its main cause is hormonal disorders in the body, which caused an intensive growth of adipose and glandular tissue in the chest area. In addition to an undesirable cosmetic effect, in the absence of medical supervision and treatment, the disease can have serious consequences in the form of the development of neoplasms of a benign or malignant nature.

Etiology

Literally translated from Latin, “gynecomastia” means female breasts. Pathology is observed in men and has the form of a benign formation, the structure of which is formed due to the cells and ducts of the glandular tissue or the growth of the fatty layer. In the first case, they talk about the so-called true gynecomastia, and in the second case, about a false type of disease. The increase can reach 12 cm, which causes the patient severe psychological discomfort and tangible inconvenience in everyday life. Unilateral enlargement of the glands is rare, more often the disease captures both glands. Outwardly, it manifests itself in the form of sagging tissues, resembling the shape of a female breast.

Causes of development

The intensive growth of adipose and glandular tissue has serious internal grounds. Among the influencing factors it is worth noting:

• uncontrolled long-term medication;
• effects on the body of toxic substances;
• hormonal failures;
• diseases with systemic symptoms.

Each of these phenomena triggers the process of intensive production and entry into the blood of female sex hormones – estrogens. Against the background of a stable or reduced amount of the male hormone androgen, a hormonal failure is noted, which is expressed in the impact on the so-called target organs that are most sensitive to changes in the body. Among them is the mammary gland, the growth of which is sharply activated. The mechanism of development of gynecomastia, taking into account the influence of the hormonal factor, is completely similar to the process in the body of young girls in adolescence, when a sharp increase in female hormones stimulates the process of breast growth.

In the body of a healthy man, the content of hormones is balanced, and the amount of estrogens cannot affect the growth of breast tissue. In addition, their volume is controlled by another hormone – testosterone, which determines the characteristics of the male figure and the functioning of the body of the stronger sex. But in the event of a hormonal imbalance and a weakening of the influence of testosterone, estrogens trigger the process of external and physiological changes, including the development of secondary sexual characteristics characteristic of the opposite sex.

Forms and stages of development

The gradual growth of breast tissue allows us to talk about the gradation of the disease. To establish the degree of its manifestations at a particular point in time, a histological examination of the cells of the pathological formation is carried out. Experts distinguish:

• proliferating stage. The duration is approximately 4-6 months, and among the main symptoms is an intensive growth of tissues.
• an intermediate stage lasting about a year. The formation of the “female” gland is completed, its size is stabilized.
• fibrous stage. Its main feature is the growth of glandular and connective tissue, which gives the breast a characteristic appearance.

Based on the diagnostic conclusion about the stage of the detected disease, the doctor selects the optimal form of therapy, taking into account the age and general condition of the patient’s body.

In order to further clarify the nature of the disease, the following classification of gynecomastia has been adopted:

• physiological – is considered the norm in infancy, adolescence or old age, therefore, at these stages of the patient’s life, it does not require strict observation and intensive treatment. There are subspecies of the pathology, taking into account age binding: transient gynecomastia of newborns, adolescent form and gynecomastia of older patients. Transient gynecomastia occurs in 70-80% of babies and resolves within the first three weeks of life. Its cause is the entry of maternal estrogens into the fetus through the placenta. Pubertal gynecomastia is observed in adolescent boys at the age of about 13-15 years, which is associated with hormonal changes, a sharp increase in the number of estrogens and maturation of the body. Symptoms of the disease disappear on their own after about a year from the moment of appearance. The cause of gynecomastia in elderly patients is the suppression of testosterone, against which the amount of estrogens begins to prevail and affect the physiological processes in the body.
• false gynecomastia. The disease is characterized by an intensive growth of adipose tissue. more often observed in patients suffering from various forms of obesity. The degree of breast augmentation varies depending on the constitution of the body and other diseases.
• true gynecomastia is caused by a hormonal imbalance that causes the growth of the mammary glands.
• idiopathic pathology. The diagnosis is made when it is impossible to accurately determine the cause of the development of the disease.

Some experts refuse the proposed classification, combining the physiological, idiopathic and true forms of the disease based on the similarity of their histological picture. However, most doctors use the accepted official form for describing gynecomastia due to their difference in their nature and course. In addition, the diagnosis of “gynecomastia” is made to women. This usually happens when it is necessary to note in the anamnesis the fact of growth of the mammary glands during the period of the patient’s life, for which such changes are not characteristic.

Features

External signs of gynecomastia are determined by the stage of its development:

• at the stage of proliferation, there is a slight increase in the size of the mammary glands. If the pathology is detected at this stage, and the patient is offered treatment, the disease disappears within a short time;
• at the intermediate stage, the breast tissues grow intensively, and a milk secret is secreted from the nipple. This condition causes significant discomfort to the patient. Most cases of gynecomastia are diagnosed in the second stage. the symptoms of the disease become apparent;
• at the fibrous stage, the intensive growth of adipose and connective tissue causes the appearance of characteristic seals in the chest. Its structural changes are considered irreversible even with prolonged intensive treatment.

Often, the symptoms of gynecomastia are noted in athletes taking steroid drugs. Among the main signs of the disease are itching, burning, discomfort in the nipples, the release of a small amount of milk secretion.

Complications

Ignoring the symptoms of gynecomastia can lead to the appearance of nodular benign formations or the development of a cancerous tumor. A serious pathological process is indicated by a sharp pain in the region of the gland, ulcers and cracks in the skin, bloody or purulent discharge. Mastitis often develops against the background of the underlying disease. It is evidenced by an increase in body temperature, severe pain and discomfort during movement, a feeling of malaise and general fatigue.

Which doctor to contact for gynecomastia

Help for patients with symptoms of gynecomastia is provided by an endocrinologist. The treatment course for gynecomastia is developed on the basis of research results. If necessary, highly specialized specialists are involved in the procedure for diagnosing and prescribing drugs.

Diagnostics

Characteristic external symptoms allow the doctor to accurately diagnose and prescribe additional measures to clarify the nature of the disease. To get a comprehensive picture allow:

• asking the patient to describe his or her own feelings and complaints of malaise;
• external examination of the mammary glands with palpation of the contents, as well as the study of the state of other organs, signs of pathology of which can be detected visually;
• biochemical blood test for gynecomastia, on the basis of which the doctor can easily establish the fact of hormonal imbalance;
• mammography, in which the structure of tissues and the features of its development are clearly visible;
• computed and magnetic resonance imaging, thanks to which it is possible to establish the cause of development and the type of overgrown tissues;
• biopsy of overgrown tissues with their mandatory histological examination, necessary for the timely detection of a malignant process.

The sooner the correct diagnosis is made to the patient, the more likely it is to achieve pronounced treatment results and completely eliminate the external manifestations of the pathology.

Methods of treatment

Depending on the severity of the disease according to the results of the diagnosis, the age and condition of the patient, the doctor decides whether to choose medical or surgical treatment.

The course of taking medications allows you to adjust the hormonal background and eliminate the imbalance in favor of female hormones. To achieve high results allows taking medications no later than 4 months from the moment the first symptoms appear. The basis of the course is antiestrogenic drugs and vitamin complexes.

Surgical treatment is possible only in the absence of contraindications: acute infections, third-degree obesity or cardiovascular diseases. The main method of performing surgery for gynecomastia is a mastectomy, which allows you to completely or partially remove overgrown tissues. Priority is given to endoscopic or subcutaneous methods, which are characterized by minimal trauma and a good cosmetic effect.

In a separate group, there are cases when it is possible to cope with gynecomastia without surgery and a long course of medications. In this case, the treatment is designed to reduce risk factors: reduce the content of adipose tissue in the body, normalize hormonal levels. Fats, fried and smoked foods, table salt, all types of alcohol, as well as coffee and chocolate are excluded from the diet. Observations in dynamics allow assessing external changes in the body and making a decision on the advisability of choosing a different treatment option for gynecomastia.

How to make an appointment with an endocrinologist for the treatment of gynecomastia at JSC “Medicina” (clinic of Academician Roitberg) in Moscow

You can make an appointment with the endocrinologist of Medicina JSC (Academician Roitberg Clinic) on the website – an interactive form allows you to choose a doctor by specialization or search for an employee of any department by name and surname.