How can women achieve more satisfying orgasms. What factors contribute to orgasmic difficulties in females. Which techniques can improve sexual climax for women. How does psychology impact female sexual pleasure. What role does clitoral stimulation play in female orgasms. How can couples enhance intimacy to promote female orgasms. What are effective ways to overcome orgasm-related anxiety in women.

The Orgasm Gap: Understanding Female Sexual Satisfaction

Sexual fulfillment is a crucial component of overall well-being, yet research indicates a significant disparity in orgasm frequency between men and women. According to studies by the Kinsey Institute, while men (both gay and straight) report climaxing in 85% of sexual encounters, women experience orgasms less frequently. Women engaging in same-sex encounters achieve orgasm approximately 75% of the time, while heterosexual women report orgasms in only 63% of sexual experiences. Interestingly, women are more likely to reach orgasm through solo masturbation than with a partner.

This discrepancy, often referred to as the “orgasm gap,” raises important questions about female sexual pleasure and the factors that influence it. Why do women experience fewer orgasms during partnered sex? What can be done to bridge this gap and enhance sexual satisfaction for women?

Common Obstacles to Female Orgasm

Several factors can contribute to difficulties in achieving orgasm for women. Dr. Becky Spelman, a psychotherapist and couples counselor at the Private Therapy Clinic in London, identifies some common issues:

• Insufficient lubrication
• An insensitive partner
• Ineffective sexual techniques
• Hormonal fluctuations
• Underlying health conditions
• Medication side effects

Claudine Domoney, a consultant gynecologist at London’s Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, elaborates on some medical factors that can impact orgasm:

• Antidepressants and blood pressure medications
• Diabetic neuropathy
• Significant slipped disc problems
• Previous pelvic surgeries affecting nerve function
• Certain gynecological conditions
• Menopausal changes

Domoney notes that menopausal women may experience changes in their ability to orgasm or in the intensity of their orgasms. In some cases, small amounts of testosterone supplementation can be beneficial, although there is currently no licensed preparation for this use in the UK.

The Psychological Dimensions of Female Orgasm

While physical factors play a significant role, the psychological aspects of sexual pleasure are equally important for women. Sexual intimacy requires vulnerability and emotional openness, which can sometimes hinder the ability to climax. Even subconscious feelings and thoughts can impact sexual response.

Other psychological factors that may affect orgasm include:

• General anxiety and worry
• Depression
• Fatigue
• Excessive alcohol consumption
• Relationship changes or new partner anxiety
• Performance pressure in a pornography-influenced culture
• Past emotional traumas associated with sex

Domoney emphasizes that a woman’s psychological and emotional perception of the sexual experience can be just as crucial as the physical sensations. Changes in relationships, feelings of vulnerability, or an inability to “let go” can all impact orgasmic potential.

Strategies for Enhancing Female Orgasms

Despite these challenges, there are numerous strategies women can employ to increase their chances of achieving satisfying orgasms. Here are some expert-recommended approaches:

1. Self-exploration and Body Awareness

One of the most effective ways to improve sexual satisfaction is through self-discovery. How can women better understand their bodies and sexual responses? By engaging in solo exploration and experimentation. This process might include:

• Masturbation with and without sex toys
• Using pH-balanced, organic lubricants
• Exploring erotic materials that stimulate both mind and body
• Identifying personal fantasies and turn-ons

By gaining a deeper understanding of their own pleasure, women can better communicate their needs and preferences to partners, enhancing partnered sexual experiences.

2. Maximizing Clitoral Stimulation

Given the critical role of the clitoris in female sexual pleasure, focusing on clitoral stimulation can significantly improve orgasmic potential. What positions and techniques are most effective for clitoral stimulation?

• Woman-on-top positions that allow for greater control and freedom of movement
• Incorporating small vibrators or “bullet” toys during intercourse
• Manual stimulation before or during penetrative sex
• Oral sex techniques that focus on the clitoral area

Dr. Spelman suggests moving beyond traditional penis-in-vagina intercourse to explore the wide range of pleasurable possibilities that prioritize female anatomy and arousal patterns.

3. The “Edging” Technique

Edging is a practice that involves intentionally delaying orgasm to build arousal and intensity. How does edging work, and why can it be beneficial for women?

The process involves:

1. Gradually building arousal through stimulation
2. Pausing stimulation just before reaching orgasm
3. Allowing arousal to subside slightly
4. Resuming stimulation and repeating the process

This technique can help women become more attuned to their bodies’ responses and can lead to more intense orgasms when finally achieved. The emphasis is on savoring the journey of pleasure rather than fixating on the destination.

Overcoming Performance Anxiety and Orgasm Pressure

One of the most significant barriers to female orgasm is the pressure to perform or achieve. Ironically, the more a woman focuses on having an orgasm, the more elusive it can become. How can women release this pressure and create a more conducive environment for pleasure?

• Practice mindfulness techniques to stay present in the moment
• Focus on breath and bodily sensations rather than mental chatter
• Shift emphasis from “trying” to orgasm to simply “being” in the experience
• Communicate openly with partners about desires and preferences
• Create a relaxed, judgment-free atmosphere for sexual exploration

Dr. Spelman advises that taking the focus off the goal of orgasm can paradoxically bring women closer to experiencing one. By reducing performance anxiety, women can create space for natural arousal and response patterns to emerge.

The Role of Partner Communication in Female Orgasm

Effective communication between sexual partners is crucial for enhancing female pleasure and orgasmic potential. How can couples improve their sexual dialogue to promote better outcomes for women?

• Openly discuss preferences, boundaries, and desires
• Provide real-time feedback during sexual activities
• Express appreciation for pleasurable sensations and experiences
• Address any discomfort or dissatisfaction promptly and compassionately
• Explore new techniques and fantasies together in a safe, consensual manner

By fostering an environment of open communication, couples can work together to overcome obstacles to female orgasm and create more satisfying sexual experiences for both partners.

Addressing Medical and Hormonal Factors

For women experiencing persistent difficulties with orgasm, it may be beneficial to consult with healthcare professionals. What medical interventions or treatments might be available?

• Hormone therapy for menopausal symptoms
• Adjustment of medications that may impact sexual function
• Treatment for underlying health conditions affecting sexual response
• Pelvic floor physical therapy to improve muscle tone and sensation
• Counseling or sex therapy to address psychological barriers

It’s important to approach sexual health holistically, considering both physical and emotional factors that may be impacting orgasmic potential.

Embracing Sexual Diversity and Individuality

While striving to enhance orgasmic experiences is valuable, it’s equally important to recognize and celebrate sexual diversity. How can women embrace their unique sexual responses without judgment or comparison?

• Acknowledge that there is no “normal” when it comes to sexual pleasure
• Recognize that orgasm is not the only measure of sexual satisfaction
• Explore various forms of sexual expression beyond traditional intercourse
• Cultivate self-acceptance and body positivity
• Challenge societal myths and expectations about female sexuality

By embracing their individual sexual journeys, women can reduce pressure and create space for authentic pleasure and connection.

The path to enhanced female orgasms is multifaceted, involving physical, psychological, and relational elements. By addressing these various aspects with patience, curiosity, and open communication, women and their partners can work towards more fulfilling and satisfying sexual experiences. Remember that sexual pleasure is a journey of self-discovery and mutual exploration, not a destination to be reached through force or pressure. With the right approach, knowledge, and support, women can unlock new levels of sexual satisfaction and overall well-being.

How to orgasm more easily during sex | Orgasm Advice

Sexual satisfaction is a key aspect of physical and emotional well-being, yet far fewer women than men report reaching orgasm regularly. Research by the Kinsey Institute shows that while gay and straight men climax in 85% of their sexual encounters, women having sex with women orgasm about 75% of the time. And for women having sex with men, the figure is just 63%. Women are more likely to orgasm through masturbation when alone, than with a partner.

Common issues

Dr Becky Spelman, a psychotherapist and couples counsellor at the Private Therapy Clinic, London, says difficulty reaching orgasm is a common issue for women.

“Inadequate levels of lubrication, an insensitive partner, or just plain old bad love-making techniques are a few of the many reasons for this,” she comments.

Hormonal fluctuations, health issues and the side-effects of common medications can also make sexual climax difficult to achieve. Claudine Domoney, a consultant gynaecologist at London’s Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, explains:

“Antidepressants and blood pressure medications can make orgasm more difficult because of the way they act on the brain and body. Conditions such as diabetic neuropathy and significant slipped disc problems can be an issue, as can previous operations that may affect the nerves in the pelvis, though this is rare. Gynaecological conditions can also have a potential impact.”

Menopausal changes can also be a factor, with women reporting they are unable to orgasm as easily, or that the nature of their orgasm has changed and become less intense.

“Using a small amount of testosterone can sometimes make a difference in menopause,” says Domoney. “Though there’s no licensed preparation of it for this use in the UK at the moment.”

Often though, difficulty reaching orgasm may have a psychological element. Sexual intimacy requires a degree of vulnerability and emotional risk which can sometimes block our ability to climax – we may not even be consciously aware of these feelings. Broader worries, depression, anxiety, fatigue and excessive alcohol consumption can also have an impact.

“How women perceive the sexual experience psychologically and emotionally can be just as important as what they are experiencing physically,” comments Domoney. “Often inability to orgasm can be due to a change in circumstance, feeling vulnerable and not feeling able to let go – for example, when things change in a relationship, or on meeting a new partner.”

Spelman adds that in our pornified culture, women often feel under pressure to perform.

“Women who can’t stop thinking about how they ‘have’ to have an orgasm may experience performance anxiety and find it very difficult to reach that elusive goal,” she says. “Others may have issues in their lives or in their pasts that have caused emotional distress to become associated with sex on some level, perhaps unconsciously.”

Tips to boost your chances

Get to know your body and mind

Have plenty of pleasurable fun by yourself, then transfer this knowledge to partnered sex.

Experiment with sex toys, use a pH-balanced, organic lubricant, and discover what stimulates your mind as well as your body, whether it’s erotic fiction, female-friendly porn, or exploring your own fantasies. Break out of the orgasm rut and try a different technique if what used to work for you no longer gets you there.

“Adding sex toys to the mix can help, provided that these are designed with women’s bodies and excitement in mind,” says Spelman. “It’s time to refocus sex away from the simplicity of penis-in-vagina sex and to look at the many other exciting possibilities that there are.”

Maximise clitoral stimulation

“Positions involving the woman on top give her greater control over her body and more freedom to choose how to move,” advises Spelman.

Using a small ‘bullet’ vibrator on the clitoris during intercourse may also boost your chances if your sexual position is not offering enough direct stimulation.

‘Edging’

This technique involves deliberately pausing as you edge towards orgasm, then continuing stimulation. The emphasis is on building pleasure and staying with the sensations, rather than focusing on the end result. You might pause for seconds, minutes, or even continue stimulation at intervals throughout the day. Orgasm may then be easier to reach as the intensity builds over time.

Get out of your head and stop trying!

“The best way to reach orgasm is to relax and take your eyes off the ‘prize’, says Spelman. “Taking the emphasis off the goal of orgasm can be the best way to get closer to having one.”

Reduce ‘performance’ anxiety by using mindfulness techniques to reduce mind chatter and focus instead on observing your breathing and bodily sensations. This shifts the emphasis from trying to being. If you get stuck in goal-oriented narrow focus and orgasm isn’t happening, shift into open focus to break out of ‘trying’ mode. You can do this by becoming aware of the space in the room and gently focusing your gaze on the middle distance.

Exchanging fantasies, ‘pillow talk’ and banter with your partner can also take the pressure off heading for orgasm.

How to talk to your partner

“The best way to talk about intimate matters and what we want in bed is to be positive,” advises Spelman. “Rather than saying, ‘Touching me in that way doesn’t do anything for me …’ focus on positive reinforcement: ‘It felt good when you did X, perhaps we could try more of that,’ or ‘I would love to feel your hands on me here, can we try …'”

It can be useful to show rather than tell – move your partner’s hand against your clitoral area and/or use a vibrator to demonstrate what works for you. If you suspect the ‘block’ is less about technique and more emotive, discuss it in a non-sexual context rather than in the heat of passion.

Where to seek help

“If you’ve never been orgasmic it may be a more deep-seated problem,” says Domoney. “But if you’ve been in a relationship for a while and can’t reach orgasm with your partner, whereas you can on your own through masturbation, then that may also be a reason to seek advice.”

Menopause and health problems with the potential to affect orgasm can also be reasons to see a medical expert. If inability to climax becomes a long-term issue, Domoney suggests seeing your GP who may refer you to see a sex therapist or a gynaecologist with expertise in sexual medicine: “A GP should be able to sort out whether it’s a psychological or physical issue and refer you to the best person.”

Here’s Exactly How to Have Your First Orgasm If You’ve Never Had One

At long last, the world is beginning to embrace the female orgasm. Women are singing about masturbation, scientists are studying what happens to women’s brains when they orgasm, and the internet is full of advice on having better orgasms. Which is great—but all this talk can make you feel left out if you’ve never even had an orgasm yet.

You’re not alone, though. Around 5 to 10% of women say they have yet to experience the series of pelvic contractions known as orgasm. But don’t fear; simply consider yourself preorgasmic. Laurie Mintz, Ph.D., a psychotherapist, sex therapist, and author of Becoming Cliterate, says she has never worked with a preorgasmic woman who didn’t eventually learn to orgasm (except one whose libido was affected by antidepressants—even then, there’s help). The odds are in your favor.

“So many women feel broken when it comes to orgasm,” says sex therapist Vanessa Marin, who teaches women how to orgasm through her course Finishing School and her video series The Female Orgasm Revolution. “I always say that orgasm is a skill, and like any other skill, it takes time, patience, and practice to learn. Just because you haven’t yet learned that skill doesn’t mean that you won’t be able to. It would be like beating yourself up for not being fluent in Spanish, despite never having taking a Spanish class!”

The point is, if you put in the effort to learn to orgasm, you will. “Every woman is capable of orgasm,” says Marin. You just need to figure out what makes you tick. “If someone has not had an orgasm, either alone or with a partner, the most likely culprits are either that they are not getting the type of stimulation they need to orgasm or they have some kind of psychological blockage holding them back,” says Mintz. Both those things can be changed.

Here are some tips for having your first orgasm if you’ve never had one before.

1. Masturbate.

You can definitely learn to orgasm with a partner, but experts say the easiest way to start off is through masturbation. “It’s so important for us to get in touch with our own bodies and discover what we like,” says Marin.

“When alone, you can focus on just yourself and not be worried about anyone else,” Mintz agrees. To make the experience as pleasurable as possible, she recommends using a good lubricant when you masturbate.

2. Try out different hand techniques.

Every woman’s anatomy is different. No one stroke or motion will be the golden ticket for everyone, says Mintz. However, there are lots of techniques that many women find pleasurable—if you experiment with them, you’re bound to find something you like.

Try rubbing circles on your clitoral hood with one or more fingers, tapping on your clitoral hood, rubbing or caressing your labia, rubbing a figure-eight around your clitoris and vaginal opening, squeezing your outer labia together to stimulate your clitoris, and sandwiching your clitoris between two fingers and rubbing it up and down.

Once you find something you like, Marin suggests sticking with that motion for a while. “You’ve probably heard all kinds of myths about how complicated female orgasm is, so you’ll probably feel tempted to mix it up and go crazy with different types of stimulation,” she says. “But the truth is that the body needs consistency; if you keep switching it up, it will feel like starting over. Once you’ve found a specific stroke that feels decent, give that a shot for a good stretch of time.”

3. Consider a vibrator.

If your hands don’t seem to be doing the trick, a vibrator can be a very handy tool. “Many people with vulvas don’t have their first orgasm until they try a vibrator,” says Mintz. Don’t worry that using a vibrator will make it hard to orgasm with a partner down the road. It could actually get you familiar with what you need to orgasm, which will help you no matter what method you’re using.

The 5 Best Sex Positions For Female Orgasm

While it’s great to focus on having better sex with your partner, and to make sure you’re both enjoying yourselves in bed, remember it’s OK to focus purely on yourself at times as well — particularly if you’re someone who tends to have trouble orgasming during sex.

According to Vanessa Marin, a sex therapist, her clients often ask, “Do other women ever run into this?” And her answer is always a resounding “yes.” She points out that movies and porn make it seem like people come every single time they hook up, but the reality is most people with vaginas have a hard time reaching orgasm during penetrative intercourse alone. (It’s so common, she even offers an entire online course dedicated to teaching women how to do it.)

It’s still possible, of course, to enjoy sex, even if you don’t orgasm. It’ll still feel good, and it’ll still be nice to be close to a partner. But as far as actually coming is concerned, Marin says you may want to try out the best sex positions for female orgasm.

Everyone is different, but the following five positions are the ones Marin says tend to lead to success most frequently. So, let your partner know that you want to finish tonight, and that you’ll be trying something new. Then, give each of these a try, and see which one works best for you.

On Top

How to do it: Have your partner lie on their back. Climb on top, with one leg on either side of their torso. It’s usually better to focus more on rocking your body back and forth, rather than trying to bob up and down. You can also try grinding your pelvis in slow circles or in a figure-eight motion.

Why it works: Being on top is a fave position for a lot of people with vaginas because it gives them complete control over the pace, angle, and level of stimulation. There are a ton of fun variations of this position, making it very versatile. Plus, it isn’t the most intense position for a partner with a penis, so they may be able to last a lot longer than usual, giving you more time to reach your peak.

Variations: Turn around so that you’re facing your partner’s feet. This position is called Reverse Cowgirl, and it gives you a different angle to work with. You can also try asking your partner to prop their body up a bit, or even sit all the way up. The new position of their abdomen will give you a variety of surfaces to grind against, and the different angles of a partner’s penis or strap-on will stimulate all kinds of spots inside of you.

Try leaning back slightly, to increase the stimulation of your G-spot, if you need a bit more. You can also very easily reach down to stroke your clitoris, or ask your partner to touch it for you. (Since many people with vaginas can’t orgasm through penetration alone, it’s always good to remember to give yourself a hand!)

Doggy Style

How to do it: Get on your hands and knees. Have your partner kneel behind you. They can hold onto your hips while they thrust away. You can either stay still, or, alternatively, push your hips back against them.

Why it works: Doggy style makes for super deep stimulation. People with vaginas who are able to orgasm from penetration alone will benefit from the intensity of this position, and from the direct G-spot stimulation. And people with vaginas who require clitoral stimulation to reach orgasm will find it particularly easy to use their hand or a toy in this position.

Variations: Get down on your elbows to change the angle of penetration. Try using one hand to rub your clit, or have your partner reach around your body and rub your clitoris for you. You can also have them stand beside the bed while you stay on all fours on top of it.

Your bed has to be the right height for this to work, but they should be able to thrust much more intensely while standing. Another option is to slowly lower yourself onto your stomach, so that they can either crouch behind you, or lie on top of you from behind.

Coital Alignment Technique

How to do it: Start off in missionary position, with you on your back and your partner on top of you, between your legs. Have them pull their body up toward your head so that their pelvis is slightly higher up your body than it usually is in traditional missionary. Instead of thrusting, they should focus more on grinding against your pelvis.

Why it works: Despite the clinical-sounding name, this is a great position for a lot of people with vaginas. Changing the alignment of your pelvis allows for your partner’s pubic bone to rub up against your clitoris and deliver the kind of direct stimulation that many people with vaginas need to reach orgasm.

It’s also great if you happen to be shy about trying difficult or new positions, since it’s extremely easy to maneuver into from the traditional missionary. It’s intimate and low-stress at the same time.

Variations: For even more intense contact, try using your hand to spread your labia apart so that your partner’s body rubs directly against your clitoris. Or put a pillow under your hips to create a more accessible angle. You can also try using some lube on your clitoris to create an extra-slippery sensation.

Sideways Straddle

How to do it: This is a somewhat complicated position to get into, but it’s well worth the effort! Have your partner lie on their back with both of their feet flat on the ground. Crouch over them, with one of your legs between their legs, and the other knee resting by their side. Gently lower yourself down, and use your hand to guide your partner’s penis or strap-on inside of you.

You’ll essentially be straddling one of their knees, turning away from them. For visualization’s sake, let’s imagine that there’s a clock over their body with the 12 at their head. If you’re straddling their right leg, your body will be pointing at about 7:30. If you’re on their left leg, you should be turned toward 4:30. From there, you’re essentially going to rock back and forth, rubbing against their upper thigh and pubic area.

Why it works: This position allows for fantastic grinding action. You get to control the pace, and you get to decide exactly how much pressure gets placed on your clitoris. It’s also a pretty unique position, and the novelty of it can be quite arousing.

Variations: This position is tricky enough, but you might want to try adjusting the positioning of your legs wider apart or closer together. You can also try leaning back or leaning forward.

The Bridge

How to do it: Start in missionary, then have your partner sit up so they’re sitting back on their ankles, with their knees spread wide. While staying on your back, put your feet flat on the bed and arch your hips up a bit. They can grab your hips to help hold you up, and use them for leverage when thrusting.

Why it works: This position creates very deep stimulation, a wonderful feeling of fullness, and a nice angle on the G-spot. Your clitoris is also front and center for your partner to stroke, or for you to reach down and stimulate.

Variations: Your partner can change the angle of their crouch to be lower or higher at any point, and you can bring your body along for the ride by lowering or raising your hips. You can greatly increase the intensity by having your partner rise up onto their knees, and either wrap your legs around their torso, or pull your legs all the way up so your ankles rest on their shoulders.

Have fun!

Expert:

Vanessa Marin, sex therapist

This article was originally published on Aug. 6, 2014

5 Foolproof Ways To Make Your Woman Orgasm Multiple Times

Getting a woman to orgasm is not really an easy task. A man needs to know the right spot to ensure she gets an orgasm. And there are some women who do not even get an orgasm, however hard their partners try, which is quite unfortunate. If you are a man who cares about your girlfriend’s pleasure and satisfaction, then you should read this article. We will give you a list of 5 ways to make your girl orgasm not once but multiple times. ALSO READ Best sex positions for female orgasm: 6 positions for a guaranteed orgasm!Also Read – Tokyo Olympics 2020 LIVE Updates, Day 10, August 1, Sunday, Medals Tally & Results: Fouaad Mirza 13th; PV Sindhu, India’s Men’s Hockey in Action Later Today

Also Read – Horoscope Today, August 1, Sunday: Luck Will be in Favour of Aries by 60 Percent And Sagittarius by 94 Percent

Foreplay for a long time

One of the best ways to get your woman to orgasm is by indulging in foreplay. Some men hardly indulge in any foreplay and they directly want to do intercourse. This is what most selfish men do. However if you cherish your girl’s pleasure equally, you have to invest some time in foreplay. Turn her on as much as possible. ALSO READ Sex Goals for 2017: 8 goals for a better and healthier sex life! Also Read – How to Maintain Weight, Once Lost? Best Ways Explained By Nutritionist, Manisha Chopra | Watch Now

Be relaxed 

You and your girl need to be relaxed. You could just sit on the bed and talk something sexy before you get on to having sex. Set up the mood. You could also light scented candles in the room and dim the lights. Relax and breathe. Make her feel comfortable. Women get turned on when the mood set is right and they are not under any pressure.

Focus on spots that arouse her the most

If you really want her to orgasm multiple times then make sure you focus on all those spots that arouse her. By now we are sure you know of these weak spots. Usually a woman’s weak spots are her ears, neck, back and obviously the clitoris. So put our tongue and fingers to good use. ALSO READ We bet you didn’t know these 5 things about female orgasm!

Use lubrication

Use ample lubrication. Women get vaginal soreness often. So after she has orgasmed once, make sure you use lube so that the second time she is not dry down there and there is no pain. Lubes are the best things especially when you are going to have sex for a longer time. ALSO READ What women want in bed: 5 tips to give your woman the best sex of her life!

Take a break after the first orgasm

Once your girl has orgasmed give her a mini break. After a girl has achieved an orgasm, she is bound to feel a little drained and also out of energy. Orgasms lead to a surge in blood flow and thus a woman feels tired. Use this time to cuddle, give cute kisses and hugs. Just caress her softly and indulge in some romantic small talks. This will not kill the mood entirely and you two can be back to having sex within few minutes. ALSO READ These are the 5 hottest lesbian sex positions for an intense orgasm!

These are the 5 foolproof ways to make your girlfriend achieve an orgasm. A woman’s pleasure is as important as men. It might take some time for some women to achieve  an orgasm, however with these simple steps, it will get easier.

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Where Does the Female Orgasm Come from? Scientists Think They Know

It’s tempting to listen to women’s magazines and believe female orgasms are a small pleasure to make up for periods and pregnancy, what they might call the raw end of Darwin’s deal. But a study published Monday shows that as mammals developed from solitary creatures to societal ones, ovulation became more automatic, and both the orgasm and the clitoris lost their reproductive roles.

Why it matters:

In some mammals, sex stimulates hormone release and is required for ovulation. Somewhere along the way, intercourse became divorced from that biochemical windfall. But when? And how? It’s not easy to study this aspect of sexual arousal in our predecessors. 

The new study, published in the Journal of Experimental Zoology, took a look at the lineage of the human female orgasm, tracing it back to a similar biological response earlier female mammals have when they have sex.

Since Aristotle, researchers have looked for the biological and functional purposes of the female orgasm. Men need to have an orgasm to release sperm, but women do not need to orgasm to ovulate or become pregnant. Some researchers have suggested that orgasms persist because they have a psychological function in reproduction—they feel good, so they encourage women to have more sex.

The researchers behind the new study ask: Where does the female orgasm come from?

The nitty gritty:

Mihaela Pavliev, in the department of pediatrics at Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, and Günter Wagner, an evolutionary biologist at Yale University, compared more primitive mammals with more complex ones to see how female orgasm diverged from ovulation.

Solitary animals, like cats and rabbits, experience male-induced ovulation—a mature egg is only released from the ovary during copulation. The researchers said there is evidence of a physiological reaction similar to human climax, and when they ovulate, a hormone called prolactin is released.

But women also experience a surge of prolactin when they orgasm, even if they don’t ovulate at that time. The new study shows that female orgasm, and the concomitant hormone release, is likely an ancestral holdover of its reproductive function, because humans and other placental mammals, like primates, ovulate spontaneously. As induced ovulation evolved into spontaneous ovulation, the female orgasm was freed up for another purpose, albeit one without a clear role in human reproduction. Wagner and Pavliev also found that as ovulation stopped depending on orgasm, the clitoris stopped being located inside the vaginal canal.

“Female orgasm is an evolutionary vestige like the appendix,” said Wagner. “It can be used for something, but it is not clear if it has a function beyond psychological bonding between partners,” he said. Wagner compares the female orgasm to the human ability to appreciate music and other, finer aspects of life. “The value of something the human body is capable of does not have to be functional,” he said.

And while the female orgasm has evolved beyond its ancestral role, it can still speed up ovulation in humans—but only if ovulation was going to occur within the hour, said Wagner.

What’s next:

It may have lost its biological function, but the female orgasm is here to stay. That’s because the clitoris and the penis develop from the same part of the embryo. “If the clitoris went away through evolution, so may the penis,” said Wagner. No penis means no way for sperm to naturally enter a woman’s body, so unless we reproduce via medical procedures like in vitro fertilization and artificial insemination, this could threaten the survival of the human race.

Men have nipples for a similar reason—they are left over from a previous stage of the embryo’s development, and don’t have a function besides heightened sexual pleasure. But they are indispensable in women, and for that reason, remain part of male anatomy.

What they’re saying:

To be sure, humans today have sex for reasons that stretch far beyond reproduction.

“The paper is a new way of looking at why females have orgasms, but I don’t think we’ll ever quite figure it out,” said Caroline Pukall, a psychology professor and authority on human sexuality at Queen’s University who was not involved with the new study.

Our basic needs have been met, and “we are able to do more than try to survive,” said Pukall, who is also a sex therapist. Instead of trying to get pregnant, she said, many humans are now trying to limit their fertility. Plenty of people who choose not to have children, or have intercourse with partners of the same sex, still have orgasms, she said, adding, “The argument is clever and compelling, but it doesn’t capture our passions and need for bonding.”

The bottom line:

Female orgasm may have evolved beyond helping us reproduce, but it is still a key part of sex—it makes women feel good and strengthens bonds between partners.

“All of life is much more complex than we give it credit for,” said Wagner.

Republished with permission from STAT. This article originally appeared on August 1, 2016

How Do I Orgasm On My Own: Masturbation Tips And Sex Toy Hacks

Sure, sex is great but have you tried masturbation? Knowing your own pleasure points is an important part of a healthy sex life, as it will help you DIY some incredible orgasms and also empower you to show your partner(s) exactly what makes you feel good.

In fact, recent research found that 46.4% of us have better orgasms when we know exactly which of our own buttons we need to push. So there’s no better excuse to test this theory for yourself.

Female pleasure has always been important, but it’s become more mainstream over the past two decades – largely due to the increased conversations surrounding it from shows like Sex and the City as well as a boom in sexual wellness products on shop shelves.

The increased conversations around female satisfaction is helping shift the mindset away from the pornographic and highly sanitised idea of sex most of us have grown up with. In its place, is a bare-all approach that encourages us to explore our bodies in an uninhibited way. The best news? You don’t even need a partner to do it with.

Women are taking their sexual pleasure into their own hands – and retailers are paying attention

On that note, we’ve listed our top tips for making the most of that solo time, below.

Invest in a sex toy

While we’re all for the DIY route, sometimes we like to sit back and let the toy do the work for us. Luckily, there are plenty of sex toys to get excited about and, because femtech is a growing area of innovation, these toys keep getting better and better. Sex toys have seen a rise in popularity this year too, with e-Commerce experts Salesfire stating that there has was a 32.9% increase in the sex toys sector in the first quarter of 2021 compared to the same period of 2020. Whether you’re more of a clitoral stimulation or a G-Spot fanatic, we’ve rounded up our favourite sex toys here.

The best sex toys to invest in whether you’re single or loved-up, because sex = the best wellness booster

Sign up for a 5K run

Okay, hear us out. Research from a study published in the journal Evolution and Human Behaviour has shown that even the anticipation of a competition can result in a 24% boost in testosterone for women which is the hormone that can increase your libido. If a 5K isn’t your thing, exercise in general stimulates your blood flow which can lift your mood and increase your desire – a perfect combination for the next time you’re feeling yourself.

Go total body

When going solo, we often go straight to the groin. Only 11% of us touch our breasts, according to the Kinsey Institute, despite some women actually being able to come by nipple stimulation. Jenne Davis, author of The Clitical Guide To Female Self-Pleasure, wants a shake-up. “Think of your nipples as the clitoris of your breasts,” she says, suggesting this teasing technique: moisten your fingers and, starting at the outer edge of your aureola, move your finger and thumb towards each other. Roll your nipple between your fingertip and thumb, then repeat from a different starting spot on the aureola.

Find your side

Nothing to do with sharing a bed, this is about finding the most pleasurable side of your… vulva. “Many women have found that one side of their clitoris or labia may be more sensitive than the other,” describes Davis. “Try stroking just one side first and seeing how your body reacts and then simply switching sides.” Those strokes can be up-and-down, side-to-side, circular, even tapping. Who knew?

Use lube

Lube is for life, not just for penises, you know. Sexologist Dr Sadie Allison, author of Tickle Your Fancy: A Woman’s Guide To Sexual Self-Pleasure, says, “Lubrication should be used when inserting anything larger than a finger into the vagina.” Why? For slippery-slidy-glidy fun, rather than rubbing your vagina up the wrong (read: irritating) way.

These are the best lubricants for sex and masturbation (because sexual wellness is a crucial part of your self-care routine)

Change positions

Do you have a Masturbation Missionary – a solo pose you always opt for? Turns out that what you do with your legs can affect what’s going on between your legs. “The biggest discovery I found when I discovered self-loving was that by simply changing the position of my body I could change the feelings and, in some cases, the types of orgasms I could achieve,” shares Davis. If your default is on your back, try one of these: lie on your stomach and grind against a toy/pillow; reach around from behind; go on all fours and crouch over a toy; kneel and touch yourself looking out of a window; stand up (perfect for the shower).

Get clitor-roll

Your masturbation masterstroke could have nothing to do with stroking at all. Have you ever tried a clitoral roll? (Not available at your local sushi restaurant). “Place your thumb and index finger around the clitoris, then gently squeeze and lift it. Delicately roll it between your fingers,” describes Allison. Start slowly – “explore light pinches and tugs to see how it reacts,” she adds – then increase the pace/pressure if you feel on a roll, so to speak.

We asked YOU about masturbation, and here are all the fascinating things we found out…

Try diffusing it

Have you ever found that, as you get teeteringly close to orgasm, your vibrator can suddenly go from feeling really good – to feeling like you’ve got a pneumatic drill on your privates? To work with your sensitivity, Dr Allison recommends the Diffusion Technique. Place three fingers side-by-side between the vibrator and your clitoris as you start to come. “This allows for continued stimulation, but with an overall softer vibration,” she explains. Alternatively, switch to manual stimulation when you hit the point of no return.

The best sex toys to invest in whether you’re single or loved-up, because sex = the best wellness booster

Rock the P-floor

Your pelvis can do more than get you in some funny yoga poses. According to sexuality coach Carlyle Jansen, author of Sex Yourself, your pelvic floor muscles can intensify orgasms – and tip you over the edge when it’s playing hard to get. “Pelvic floor squeezes” (that’s squeezing and releasing as if you were stopping a wee – sorry, mood killer), “feel fabulous, because your clitoris is sandwiched right between those muscles,” she explains. “It’s also a great way to get over the ‘hump’ when you’re close to orgasm: a few well-timed squeezes can push you right over.”

Don’t rush

Unless you’re trying to smash your Personal Best climax time, there’s no need to go at it like you’re trying to scrub a stain off a frying pan. Elongating the build-up can lead to a power finish of a different kind. “Try using your vibrator at a lower speed, or spend a little more time around your labia rather than going straight for the clit,” suggests Jansen. “If you can stretch out your arousal time from 3 to 6 minutes, or from 10 to 20 minutes, you’ll find that the end result is much more powerful.” Just as well that you’ve got all night.

I went to a ‘virtual orgasm school’ and this is what I learnt about sexual self-care in a pandemic

Orgasms: Who has them most, least — and why

Experts are offering some answers.

“All groups of men — gay, bisexual, heterosexual — orgasm more than all groups of women,” said David Frederick, assistant professor of psychology at Chapman University, who has studied human sexuality.

“Lesbian women orgasm more often than heterosexual women but less often than men,” he said. “What makes women orgasm is the focus of pretty intense speculation. Every month, dozens of magazines and online articles highlight different ways to help women achieve orgasm more easily. It is the focus of entire books. For many people, orgasm is an important part of sexual relationships.”

The reason for the orgasm gap could be sociocultural or evolutionary, Frederick said.

“Women have higher body dissatisfaction than men, and it interferes with their sex life more. This can impact sexual satisfaction and ability to orgasm if people are focusing more on these concerns than on the sexual experience,” he said.

“There is more stigma against women initiating sex and expressing what they want sexually,” he said, adding, “one thing we know is that in many couples, there is a desire discrepancy: One partner wants sex more often than the other. In heterosexual couples, that person is usually the man.”

Therefore, a woman might engage in sex with her partner when she isn’t necessarily in the mood, and then she may be less likely to orgasm, Frederick said.

There is also the idea that male orgasm helps facilitate reproduction, as it is invariably required for ejaculation. For women, however, there is no clear tie between orgasm and reproduction, Frederick said.

“But millions of years ago, there might have been,” he added.

“One theory is that in ancestors of humans, orgasm occurred more easily because its function was to cause ovulation to occur. This happens in many animals,” Frederick said. “Once the monthly menstrual cycle began regulating ovulation, orgasm was no longer coupled with reproduction for women. This allowed ability and ease of orgasm becoming more variable in women over millions of years and is why orgasm frequency is much more variable in women than in men.”

Some women might be anatomically predisposed to regularly orgasm, said Elisabeth Lloyd, a professor of biology and philosophy at Indiana University-Bloomington who co-authored a study about genital anatomy and orgasm in intercourse.

A shorter distance between the clitoris and the urinary opening, where urine is released, may increase a woman’s likelihood to orgasm, according to the study, published in the journal Hormones and Behavior in 2011.

Lloyd analyzed data from two studies on the relationship between anatomy and orgasm in women with her co-author Kim Wallen, a professor of psychology and behavioral neuroendocrinology at Emory University.

“We found that the distance between the clitoris and the urinary opening, which is called CUMD, indicates whether or not a woman is inclined to have an orgasm with intercourse or not, and if it’s below 2 centimeters, then she likely is going to have an orgasm with intercourse,” Lloyd said.

“If it’s above, if it’s around 3, then she’s likely not going to have an orgasm with intercourse,” she said. “Those were our findings, that have since been confirmed through other tests. So what that means is that if a woman doesn’t have an orgasm from intercourse, it’s not her fault or it’s not his fault. It’s not anybody’s fault. It likely has to do with her anatomy.”

For a woman with such anatomy to achieve orgasm, Lloyd recommended trying “manual stimulation of the clitoris during intercourse.”

She added that studying orgasm frequency remains an important area of research since orgasms have been linked to greater satisfaction with personal relationships.

“Women who have better sexual relationships with their partners also have more satisfied relationships in general, and it improves the quality of their relationships,” Lloyd said. “So in general, a better sex life leads to a better relationship, which leads to a better sex life. It’s kind of circular.”

90,000 Secrets of the Female Orgasm – BBC News Ukraine

• Linda Geddes
• BBC Future

2 Lily 2015

From the mysterious G-spot to multiple orgasm, female sexuality has always amazed scientists. BBC Future correspondent Linda Geddes talks about bold experiments that have finally allowed scientists to find answers to these questions.

My washing machine has a lock button. To activate it, you need to hold the start button for some time with a certain intensity.If you press too lightly, nothing happens, press harder than necessary, and the machine beeps angrily. But once you master the technique, everything becomes very easy. Lights come on, the mechanism begins to move and eventually culminates with shuddering and crescendo. A pile of tangled, damp but fresh clothing falls out on the other side. For the uninitiated, this is an amazing process.

JD Salinger once wrote: “A woman’s body is like a violin. To be able to play it, you have to be a great musician.”The correct pressure and caress send a woman into such ecstasy that for a few seconds the rest of the world ceases to exist for her. But do something a little wrong, and the result is pain, frustration, or just nothing. For men, everything is completely different. Once they get an erection, a few minutes of vigorous stimulation usually leads to ejaculation.

Why is orgasm so enjoyable? Where do women have the ability to have multiple orgasms? And is there really a mystical G-spot? For a long time, medicine did not have answers to these questions.“We can go to the moon, but we still know so little about our own body,” says Emmanuel Gianini of the University of Rome Tor Vergata, who, along with his colleagues, has dedicated his career to the study of human sexuality. These real “Masters of Sex” (American television series dedicated to pioneers in human sexuality research William Masters and Virginia Johnson – Ed. ) have conducted many experiments over the past years and have come to some important conclusions.

Brain on Fire

The biggest challenge for scientists is to convince women to drop shyness and participate in experiments that involve masturbation or intercourse in the laboratory and under the uncomfortable eye of an MRI scanner. One of the leaders of this study, Dr. Barry Komisaruk of Rutgers University in New Jersey, tried to test the hypothesis that the difference between female and male orgasm is due to different responses in the brain.

Studies have shown that despite quite different pathways to orgasm, both men and women exhibited similar neural activity in the brain. “During orgasm, the reactions of the brains of men and women are more likely to show more similarities than differences,” says Dr. Komisaruk.

Author of the photo, Getty

Signs to the photo,

The woman’s brain continues to receive signals from the genitals after orgasm, which explains the ability of the female body to multiple orgasms

This explains why orgasms are so overwhelming – if the whole forest is on fire, it is very difficult to determine where a fire started.”If during orgasm all parts of the brain are activated at the same time, it is almost impossible to distinguish the activity of its individual parts,” says Professor Komisaruk. That is why we cannot think of anything else.

This bonfire still has hot spots. One of them is the so-called adjacent nucleus – a part of the brain responsible for pleasure, which triggers the action of a specific hormone dopamine. During the experiments, the rats preferred electrical stimulation of this area of ​​the brain to food so much that they could starve to death.Besides sex, this area is also activated by cocaine, amphetamine, caffeine, nicotine, and chocolate. Unsurprisingly, orgasms make us want more.

However, there are some important differences after orgasm that explain why men and women react differently after climax. Dr. Komisaruk and colleague Kachin Allen found previous evidence that certain areas of the male brain stop responding to further sensory stimulation of the genitals immediately after orgasm.While the brains of women remain activated. This discovery may be an answer to the question of why women are able to experience multiple orgasms, but men are not.

Anatomy of Pleasure

The anatomy of the orgasm remains the most difficult question for science. The penis has only one pathway for transmitting sensory sensation to the brain, while the female genitals have three or four.

The center of female sexuality is the clitoris – a small rounded hill located in an inconvenient place at a distance of a centimeter from the entrance to the vagina.Who exactly discovered the importance of the clitoris in achieving orgasm remains unknown. The first images of this organ appeared on the Paleolithic Venuses – female figurines with large breasts, a rounded belly, enlarged genitals, which symbolized the cult of fertility.

In the 16th century, the clitoris was first described as a separate organ of the female body that causes pleasure. The Italian Renaissance surgeon and anatomist, Reald Colombo, in his book De re anatomica, published in 1559, described the clitoris as “a woman’s pleasure center.”Nevertheless, in the following centuries, female pleasure faded into the background, and the clitoris was forgotten – at least by anatomists and doctors.

Author of the photo, Getty

Signs to the photo,

Can science explain why women and men perceive sex differently?

It reappeared in medical writings in the 20th century, but received little attention. Although Sigmund Freud recognized that the clitoris helped to experience orgasm, he believed that the clitoral orgasm is not mature and should be replaced with vaginal orgasm with age.The scientist linked the inability to experience vaginal orgasm with psychosexual immaturity.

Later research showed that the psychoanalytic meter was wrong. About 30-40% of women claim to have never achieved orgasm with vaginal stimulation alone.

The suggestion that vaginal orgasm is more important than clitoral orgasm has sparked outrage among feminists. It sounds like women who don’t have vaginal orgasms are just not trying hard enough. So is vaginal orgasm possible for all women, or is it the privilege of a happy minority? Is it possible to have an orgasm even without the clitoris?

Dr. Barry Komisaruk took the first steps towards answering these questions by accident, while researching the mating behavior of rats.During one experiment, he inserted a rod into the vagina of a female rat, and this caused a strange reaction from the animal. “As soon as I touched the cervix, the female became completely immobile,” says the scientist. In addition, with this stimulation, the rats were insensitive to pain. Further experiments confirmed the scientist’s hypothesis – vaginal stimulation blocked the sensation of pain. But how does this happen?

To find out the reasons for this reaction, Dr. Komisaruk conducted a study with Professor Beverly Whipple, studying women with varying degrees of spinal cord injury.Studies have shown that even when the neural pathways in the spinal cord from the genitals to the brain were damaged due to trauma, women could still feel the vagina and cervix. Some were able to orgasm even when their pudendal nerve, which transmits sensation from the clitoris to the brain, was completely blocked. “Women with spinal cord injuries who could not feel their clitoris nevertheless experienced orgasms with vaginal stimulation,” says Dr. Komisaruk.”This is probably the best proof that vaginal orgasm exists.”

Author of the photo, Getty

Signs to the photo,

The female genital organs are connected to the brain by many nerve pathways

Sensations from the vagina are transmitted to the brain via the so-called vagus nerves located outside the spinal cord. “Women describe clitoral orgasms as more local and external, while vaginal orgasms are full-body. It is likely that the nerves that transmit sensations from the clitoris are different from vaginal ones,” adds Dr. Komisaruk.And as for the fact that vaginal orgasm mysteriously blocks pain, it may be because the nerves in the spinal cord secrete a neurotransmitter hormone involved in the perception of pain. Once the signals reach the brain, they can also trigger the release of hormones, such as endorphins, that reduce pain.

So, if different nerves transmit sensations from different parts of the female genital organs – and they all can cause an orgasm – perhaps some parts of the vagina are more sensitive than others? How can couples catch the elusive vaginal orgasm?

G-Spot

The famous G-spot has long been the subject of heated debate.For the first time the term was introduced by the German obstetrician and gynecologist Ernst Grafenberg (the first letter of his name gave the name of this point. – Ed. ) in the early 80s. In the 1950s, he described the erogenous zone on the anterior wall of the vagina, which is located at the level of the urethra. Further research showed that this site contains a complex of blood vessels, nerve endings, and the remainder of the gland, which is the equivalent of the male prostate. Research shows that a small number of women – especially those with strong pelvic floor muscles – can experience powerful orgasms with stimulation of this area, accompanied by the release of small amounts of bladder fluid that is not urine.

Author of the photo, Getty

Signs to the photo,

The hunt for the mysterious G-spot revealed the complex anatomy of the female reproductive system

Suddenly everyone started talking about this magic button on the front wall of the vagina. The couples have made an effort – often quite useless – to find the site. Meanwhile, some feminists have argued that the growing popularity of the G-spot is an attempt by men to revive the importance of vaginal penetration after being overshadowed by clitoral orgasm during the sexual revolution of the 60s and 70s.

Data confirming or refuting the existence of the G-spot is often inconsistent and exaggerated. One study that denied the existence of a G-spot relied on MRI results from only one woman. The debate is further complicated by bickering about the correct terminology for the various internal regions of the female genital organs, as well as what counts as the beginning and end of this area. However, there seems to be a physical difference between women who have had a vaginal orgasm and those who have not.In 2008, Dr. Giannini published a study involving nine women who had vaginal orgasms and 11 who claimed to never climax during penetrative sex. Ultrasound examination revealed a thicker area of ​​tissue in the space between the vagina and urethra in the first group of respondents.

At first, Dr. Giannini came to the conclusion that this zone is the legendary point G. But further research forced to rethink this conclusion.”The word” point “suggests something like a button that you just press to get pleasure, – he says. – It is either there or it is not. But no one could describe the specific location of this site.”

So if it’s not a button, what then? For many scientists, the obvious answer is the clitoris. Recent MRI studies of the clitoris have shown that the idea of ​​it as a tiny organ under the surface of the skin is far from the truth. Analyzes show a large, convex structure nearly 9 cm long, forks.It is located from the edge of the vagina to the middle of the pelvis along the urethra.

The upper part of this organ – the most sensitive – is located on the surface. And its arches cover both sides of the vagina and continue in the labia.

This organ of the female body has the same origin as the male penis. Both organs are formed from the same embryonic tissue in the early stages of fetal development. But there are important differences: the male genital organ does not depend on the action of hormones, such as testosterone, after the period of puberty ends.The vagina, on the other hand, reacts to hormones, in particular estrogen, explains why a woman’s sexual desire fluctuates throughout her life.

The complex structure of the genitals explains why it is so difficult to prove – or disprove – the existence of the G-spot. So, stimulation of the anterior vaginal wall is impossible without contact with the inner parts of the clitoris and urethra.

Does size matter?

Given these studies, scientists began to wonder if the size and location of the clitoris in healthy women could affect the ease with which they reach orgasm during penetrative sex.MRI scans have shown that the smaller the outer part of the clitoris and the farther it is from the vaginal opening, the more difficult it is for women to achieve orgasm with vaginal stimulation alone.

Thus, these studies prove that women can achieve orgasm in many ways – through either vaginal stimulation or clitoral stimulation, or both. Further research by Dr. Komisaruk showed that sensations from different parts of the female genital organs – as well as the nipples – go to one area of ​​the brain, albeit in slightly different areas.

“Thus, the different types of orgasms have a neuro-anatomical explanation,” says Dr. Komisaruk. “This proves why simultaneously stimulating the clitoris, vagina and cervix leads to the more intense, complex and pleasurable orgasms that women describe.”

For women who find it difficult to climax during penetrative sex, or any kind of sex, scientists recommend one thing – to experiment.

Photo author, Getty

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There is no universal recipe for good sex

“My patients say,” I can’t have a vaginal orgasm, so something is wrong with me, “says Dr. Rachel Poles from Cincinnati in Ohio.“But it’s not so. Each woman has individual characteristics. Someone needs clitoris stimulation during penetrative sex, for someone it is somewhat more difficult and requires additional stimulation. But women should know that if they do not experience an orgasm from vaginal penetration, then this is quite normal. “

Professor Giannini’s message to women reads:” Enjoy not only sex, but also the knowledge of your own body, understand who you are today, because tomorrow you may be different.Don’t ignore the endless variety that nature has to offer. The female body is not a machine that always works the same. ”

90,000 Exercises to strengthen the pelvic floor muscles – second youth

In various women’s magazines, much attention is paid to diets, hair condition, face and body skin care, body shaping problems, invasive and minimally invasive plastic surgery techniques for changing the shape of ears, eyes, mammary glands, lifting and a healthy lifestyle.And at the same time, there are very few publications devoted to the problem of pelvic floor muscle failure, prolapse of the vaginal walls, prolapse of the genitals and urinary incontinence during exercise. And this problem is global, because at least 40% of all women suffer from this disease.

What are the main causes and symptoms of this disease? The very first symptoms of the disease are the gaping of the genital fissure when the hips are pulled apart at rest or under tension (straining). With the continuing progression of the process, there is a slow (over several years) descent of the walls of the vagina and cervix into the resulting perineal defect (i.e.(i.e., through a gaping vagina). In this case, there may be a sensation of some kind of foreign body in the perineal region, pulling pains in the lower abdomen and in the lower back.

In addition, sexual discomfort arises, that is, a woman and a man cease to feel each other the way they did during their youth. Hence, there can be a feeling of sexual dissatisfaction, which loving spouses hide from each other. The consequences of latent dissatisfaction during sexual intercourse can be betrayal of spouses and even divorce, for which, naturally, other reasons are put forward.

With the further progression of genital prolapse (as scientists call this disease), first partial, and then complete prolapse of the uterus and vaginal walls outside the genital slit occurs. In this case, sexual activity becomes completely impossible, dysfunctions of the adjacent pelvic organs – the bladder and rectum, appear, manifested in difficulty in urinating or incontinence of urine, violation of the act of defecation, incontinence of intestinal gases.

Childbirth is the most common cause of genital prolapse.It can be one delivery, but rapid, it can be childbirth with a large fetus, repeated childbirth, or childbirth in which there were ruptures or the perineum was dissected with its subsequent restoration (i.e., suturing). Even when the doctor tells you that there were no ruptures during childbirth, or they were minimal and it was necessary to put 1, 2 sutures on the vaginal mucosa, internal ruptures of the muscles and fascia of the pelvic floor may occur, leading subsequently to prolapse and prolapse of the genitals …

What else does the gaping of the genital fissure lead to, besides prolapse of the genitals, sexual problems and dysfunctions of adjacent organs? Many authors have proved that with this pathology, inflammatory diseases of the vagina (collpitis, vaginitis), diseases of the cervix (cervicitis, ectopia) often occur, which are difficult to treat, due to a violation of the normal biocenosis of the vagina.

It is also known that women of predominantly perimenopausal age turn to doctors with similar problems.Why is this happening? We have already said that prolapse progresses slowly over 10-15 years. At the initial stages, its development is inhibited due to estrogenic effects on the muscles and mucous membranes of the pelvic floor. Women at a young age are sexually active, go in for sports, fitness and this, to a certain extent, is the prevention of the progression of the disease.

In the perimenopausal and postmenopausal age, the general tone of all muscles, including the muscles of the perineum, decreases, the stimulating effect of estrogens ceases, and this quickly leads to the progression of the disease.It was at this time that many women note urine leakage when coughing, laughing, or exercising. Dysfunction of the bladder is often accompanied by prolapse and prolapse of the genitals. What to do in such a situation? How to protect yourself from this ailment? Not to give birth or what? Of course, it is possible and necessary to give birth, but you need to know about the possible consequences of childbirth through the natural birth canal, how to prevent ruptures during childbirth, how to strengthen and train the muscles of the perineum.

As a result of training the muscles of the perineum, blood supply and tone of the musculo-ligamentous apparatus are improved.Pelvic floor muscle training during the postpartum period effectively reduces the risk of early genital prolapse and stress urinary incontinence. The mistake of most women lies in the fact that they first of all strive to restore the figure in the postpartum period – to “remove” the abdomen by loading the abdominal muscles. At the same time, they forget or do not know that the strengthening of the press should be preceded by exercises that strengthen the muscles of the perineum. An increase in intra-abdominal pressure with a decrease in the tone of the muscles of the pelvic floor ultimately aggravates the incompetence of the muscles of the perineum.

Exercises that strengthen the muscles of the pelvic floor were first published by Kegel back in 1948. The essence of the exercises boils down to the fact that in a certain rhythm it is necessary to contract the muscles of the perineum, while simultaneously pulling in the anal sphincter and straining the buttocks.

Exercises should be performed in an antiorthostatic position on the back, in the knee-elbow, stop-wrist, stop-elbow position. On inhalation, muscle contraction should occur, on exhalation – relaxation. The duration of muscle tension is from 2 to 7 seconds, the number of repetitions is from 3 to 8.Harmful can be considered in the postpartum period – jumping, running, jerking, straining.

Vaginal simulators are effective for strengthening the pelvic muscles. They come in different shapes (balls, olives), which are inserted into the vagina and the muscles of the perineum are held in it in a standing position with legs apart from 5 seconds to 1-2 minutes, the weight of the simulators gradually increases.

However, if a prolapse nevertheless develops, which must be considered a pelvic floor hernia, it is necessary to consult a gynecologist to perform corrective surgery.Even if it was the first childbirth, and repeated ones are planned in 4-7 years, you should not walk with perineal incompetence, experience sexual discomfort and constantly be treated for inflammatory diseases.

Experienced gynecological surgeons will restore your perineum and give it a second youth at SM-Clinic. You will get rid of chronic colpitis, cervicitis, ectopia of the cervix, again feel all the delights of sex with your loved one, you will no longer have the prospect of prolapse of the uterus and vagina, urinary incontinence under stress.

You can find out more details and make an appointment with a specialist by phone +7 (495) 292-39-72

Sex change from woman to man

This set of operations is intended for patients who want to change the biologically determined female gender to male.

It includes:

• mastectomy
• phalloplasty
• urethroplasty
• metoidoplasty
• phalloendoprosthetics
• testicular prosthetics
• corrective facial surgery.

Sex change operation consists of several stages. Operating rooms and intensive care units in our clinic are equipped with the latest equipment that allows you to carry out all stages.

As a rule, before the start of operations, the patient under the guidance of an endocrinologist undergoes a course of hormone therapy, sometimes this happens in parallel.

Muscular mammoplasty (breast removal)

Muscular mammoplasty is usually the first step towards gender reassignment.Often, taking hormones allows you to slightly change the appearance, but the breast cannot be removed with medication.

Breast removal is performed under general anesthesia with a minimum number of incisions around the halo. The procedure is performed either through a periareolar incision (in cases where the breasts are small), a peripheral incision (used in cases where the patient has medium breasts) and a vertical incision (when large breasts need to be removed).The postoperative period is two weeks.

Simulation of male genital organs

Metoidioplasty

Metoidioplasty is one of the types of operations for modeling the male genital organs, in which the penis is reconstructed from the clitoris elongated due to hormone therapy (the increase must be at least six centimeters). The average size that can be achieved with this type of penis shaping is 5 cm.

In parallel, urethroplasty is performed (the urethra is created from the mucous vaginal tissue).The genital area remains sensitive, and the new organ will be able to erect. However, the reconstructed penis, due to its small size, may not have sufficient penetrating ability.

Metoidioplasty – one-stage operation. Postoperative complications after metoidioplasty and urethroplasty are extremely rare.

Phalloendoprosthetics

This method of modeling the male genital organs allows you to create a full-fledged penis from an aesthetic point of view, having the desired dimensions.At the same time, it will have high sensitivity. Improvement of penetration during intercourse is achieved by placing an erectile prosthesis.

During the operation, the penis is recreated using tissues from donor body sites (abdominal region, or forearms or thighs). Simultaneously with phalloplasty, it is possible to perform plastics of the urethra (urethra).

The operation is very serious and takes much longer than metoidioplasty.After the operation, the patient lies without getting up for 7 days. in the process, the vessels in the groin area were sutured. Sexual life after this operation can be lived no earlier than 1-1.5 months.

Salpingo-oophorectomy (removal of the uterus, ovaries and fallopian tubes)

This operation is performed, if the patient wishes, to completely get rid of sexual characteristics. There is no medical need for such an operation. Removal of the uterus, fallopian tubes and ovaries during sex reassignment surgery is done endoscopically (through small incisions).This method allows you to reduce the rehabilitation period and the next day after the operation you can go home.

Also, in our clinic, testicular prosthetics and corrective facial surgeries are performed, which will allow you to complete the transformation into a man.

Important! Before consulting a surgeon, it is necessary to obtain an opinion from several psychiatrists and undergo examination by specialists of other profiles: checking the chromosome set and assessing the general state of health.

Make an appointment with a plastic surgeon

To clarify the details of the operation, go to the consultation of a qualified specialist in the field of plastic surgeons in the clinic “Semeynaya”.

Plastic surgery in “Family” – effective super modern technologies and techniques.

You can check the price and which surgeons perform this operation at the link below

Gynecological ultrasound in Belgorod – ultrasound of female genital organs to do

The female reproductive system requires regular monitoring throughout life.It affects the course of many vital processes, is associated with the work of the endocrine, urinary and other systems. Gynecological ultrasound specialists help a woman to answer a woman’s question whether her reproductive health is in order. In the course of the study, the state of the organs located in the small pelvis, the ligamentous apparatus of the uterus, the peri-ocular space is studied. The fact of pregnancy, the timing, the number of embryos, the presence of diseases, tumors are established.

Cost of gynecological ultrasound

Attention! Please check prices with the clinic administrators by phone (from mobile devices, just click on the number to call):

+7 (4722) 250-222

The posted price list is not an offer.

Indications for passing

In gynecology, ultrasound is the leading diagnostic method. This is a fast, safe and highly accurate way of obtaining information about the structure, location, pathological changes in the internal female genital organs. They include the ovaries, their excretory ducts (fallopian tubes), the uterus and its lower segment, the cervix.

The list is supplemented by ultrasound of the vagina, perineum. A narrowly focused examination of the reproductive organs is carried out when the patient has characteristic complaints and the attending physician asks specific questions to the uzist.

Ultrasound of the female genitalia (external pelvic genital organs) involves the use of a vaginal probe. A study that provides visualization of the pelvic organs of a woman is called gynecological or ultrasound in a woman’s way.

When do a pelvic ultrasound in women:

• with complete well-being – it is recommended to take place annually for prevention purposes;
• in the presence of problems – to identify the causes, an accurate diagnosis;
• if it is necessary to monitor the dynamics of therapy;
• to confirm or monitor the course of pregnancy, study the anatomical, functional state of the fetus, determine its gender.

The reasons for obtaining the opinion of an ultrasound specialist in gynecology are:

• Difficulty conceiving;
• disorder of rhythm, volume, nature of menstrual flow, absence of menstruation;
• profuse vaginal discharge outside of menses, foul odor, bleeding after menopause;
• pain in the mammary glands, lower abdomen, lumbar region, discomfort in the urethra, burning sensation in the intimate area;
• painful intercourse;
• preparation for pregnancy;
• initial postpartum period, surgical procedures involving exposure to the genitals or bladder, IVF;
• chemotherapy course;
• insertion of an intrauterine device, prescribing oral contraceptive methods;
• detection of palpable formations, signs of malignancy;
• Injury of the perineum, pelvic organs.

Contraindications and restrictions

There are no contraindications to ultrasound of internal female organs.

You can take the study as part of a routine examination and unscheduled if unpleasant symptoms are detected. The method is used in gynecology, oncology, urology, prenatal practice, obstetrics. It is not necessary to have a referral from a doctor.

In order to receive a range of medical services in one visit and save time, it is recommended to make an appointment with a gynecologist with simultaneous ultrasound.The list of diseases and conditions detected using an ultrasound diagnostic apparatus is huge.

It includes:

• endometriosis;
• Violation of uterine blood flow;
• neoplasms of a malignant and benign nature – myoma, chorionepithelioma, cysts, polyps, adenoma;
• polycystic ovary syndrome;
• torsion of the cyst pedicle;
• tubal obstruction;
• anomalies in the development of the vagina, uterus, ovaries;
• damage or change in the size of an organ;
• inflammation, infection, presence of pus or fluid accumulation;
• complication of pregnancy or postpartum;
• fetal developmental defects;
• Urinary tract disease.

How is done

There are several types of ultrasound in gynecology. They differ in the way they access the area of ​​interest. All procedures are performed in a horizontal position. The patient exposes the necessary part of the body, sits on a special couch. The examination is painless and lasts 5-20 minutes.

What types of research are used to study a woman’s body and how the procedure is done:

• Transvaginal – examination through the vagina with the legs bent at the knees.
• Transrectal – penetration through the anus, the doctor asks to turn to one side.
• Transabdominal – without guiding the sensor into the body, scanning is performed through the abdominal wall.

Is preparation required and what is

It is imperative to prepare for ultrasound of internal female organs. Agree with the doctor the terms (according to indications) – weeks of pregnancy, days of the menstrual cycle. Transabdominal ultrasound involves ensuring a full bladder at the time of examination, and transvaginal ultrasound – empty.

When transrectal, a completely empty intestine is required. An important point of preparation is adherence to the diet. 3 days before the session, foods that can cause excessive gas formation are excluded from the diet: fermented milk products or with a high carbohydrate content, yeast bread, kvass, fiber-rich legumes, apples, cabbage, soda .

90,000 MRI of the female pelvic organs

Clinic “Institute of Health” invites women to do MRI of the pelvic organs in order to diagnose and prevent diseases.In our center, a modern high-field MRI machine GE Signa HDxt is installed, which allows you to take pictures with the highest resolution and detect the smallest deviations.

When is an MRI of the female pelvis prescribed?

The main condition for various methods of diagnosing processes in the small pelvis is safety, non-invasiveness and a high degree of information content. The MRI method of the small pelvis in women is fully consistent with these tasks; this method combines the best characteristics of both RCT research and ultrasound.In modern medicine, MRI of the pelvic organs has replaced many unpleasant, painful and dangerous methods of examining the female genitourinary system. In cases where it is necessary to examine the organs of the pelvic region, the question of choice is decided by the doctor individually, and sometimes several types are used, because they complement each other and make it possible to clarify the diagnosis.

Indications for conducting:

• suspicion of oncological formations;
• observation of the dynamics of neoplasms;
• determination of the area of ​​damage and the spread of metastases;
• pelvic injuries;
• prolonged unreasonable pain;
• diseases of the urinary tract;
• diagnosis of infertility;
• bowel disorders;
• hip injury or pain;
• menstrual irregularities;
• suspected endometriosis;
• inflammatory processes.

Pregnancy in the first trimester is considered a relative contraindication. However, MRI diagnostics of the small pelvis, carried out in a timely manner during pregnancy, helps to avoid rejection of the fetus and premature birth.

How to prepare for an MRI scan of the pelvic organs?

For 2-3 days, a light diet is recommended, excluding foods that increase intestinal motility and gas formation.

1. On the eve – to clear the intestines so that the intestinal loops, filled with contents, do not interfere with the visualization of the uterus and appendages.
2. The study should preferably be carried out on an empty stomach or after a light breakfast (2-3 hours in advance) to reduce intestinal motility.
3. In case of abdominal pain and in order to avoid a spastic state of the uterus and intestines, antispasmodics can be taken 15-30 minutes before the study (2-3 tablets “No-shpa”.
4. It is advisable to conduct a study with an average filling of the bladder.

How is an MRI scan carried out?

Before starting the procedure, the doctor instructs the patient about the rules of behavior in the cabin.Then the subject is comfortably placed on a mobile table. When performing contrast MRI, an appropriate drug is injected into the vein.

The table slides into the body of the tomograph. During the study, the operator observes the patient through the glass of the neighboring office, communicates through two-way communication. Non-contrast scanning takes about an hour, contrast scanning takes about an hour and a half. The use of a contrast agent improves the quality and detail of the images. The price of an MRI with contrast is higher than that of a non-contrast one.

At the end of the session, the patient waits in the lobby for the scan results for about an hour. This time is required for a specialist to decipher the tomograph data, draw up a conclusion, and draw up the results in the form of a text document and images. The patient is provided with a digital recording of the study (DVD-disk or USB-flash drive) or a printout on Kodak X-ray film.

What does an MRI of a female pelvis show?

MRI of the appendages, uterus, urinary system of women allows you to “see” the state of organs in a three-dimensional image and detect abnormalities.

This diagnostic method reveals:

• formations of various nature in the pelvic area: size, development;
• metastases to adjacent structures;
• anomalies in the development of the genitourinary system;

foci of inflammation, trauma to the pelvic area;

• analysis of the state of lymph nodes, etc.

MRI of the female pelvis with contrast

MRI is able to detect the smallest pathological changes in the body, allows you to obtain thin sections of organs in various planes, as a result of which it is more accurate and informative, especially with the use of contrasting drugs.Contrast agents used in MRI do not contain iodine, which avoids complications in the form of severe allergic reactions.

The study is an intravenous administration of special extracellular low-molecular substances based on the chemical element gadolinium (Gadovist). After being introduced into the blood, under the influence of an electromagnetic field, the contrast agent accumulates and is distributed in the tissues of the area to which this field is directed.

Contrast-enhanced MRI shows:

• in cases of difficulty in making a diagnosis;
• if it is impossible to carry out the necessary tomographic “cut” in order to delimit the tumor from the tissues surrounding it, to determine the exact boundaries and the number of foci, which makes it possible to determine the volume of surgery;
• in case of need for a full assessment of the structure of a tumor or other formation;
• for better visualization of regional lymph nodes;
• in order to control the sufficiency of surgical treatment, the effectiveness of chemotherapy and / or radiation therapy.

When choosing a diagnostic method, which is better: MRI or pelvic ultrasound? In obstetrics and gynecology, ultrasound remains the main method for the primary detection of disorders, while the results of MRI allow you to clarify and complete the diagnostic stage. Therefore, for the MRI examination of the pelvic organs, we ask our patients to take the ultrasound results with them.

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90,000 Treatment of inflammatory processes of the external genital organs

What is it

The concept of the external genital organs includes the scrotum and penis in men, in women the small and large labia, pubis, perineum, urethra, vestibule, clitoris.Inflammation of one organ or another causes a lot of trouble and requires quick treatment.

Types and causes of occurrence

The most commonly diagnosed vulvitis, bartholinitis, vaginitis, colpitis. Basically, hypothermia, contact with the mucous membrane of microbes, bacteria and other pathogens (streptococci, gonococci, staphylococci, Escherichia coli, etc.) becomes a provoking factor. In addition, inflammation develops with weakened immunity, promiscuous sex life without protective equipment, and poor hygiene.

Complications

It is important to immediately contact a gynecologist or urologist in order to quickly start therapy and stop the inflammation, otherwise the inflammatory process will penetrate deeper and cover the internal genital organs. This threatens the development of diseases of the reproductive system.

Symptoms

Regardless of gender, the symptoms of inflammation of the external genital organs are the same:

• redness first appears, which intensifies over time,
• then the patient complains of itching and burning.These signs increase during urination, bowel movements, intercourse,
• contents are secreted from the vagina or penis. Discharge can be cloudy, purulent, transparent, mixed with blood,
• even if one organ is affected, the genitals completely swell and swell,
• in men, there is a sharp pain during ejaculation.

Against the background of general inflammation, weakness, malaise, fatigue, lethargy occur. The temperature may rise in the evening.

Diagnostics

At the appointment, the doctor will examine the genitals and prescribe an examination. First of all, you need to pass a general blood test, a gynecological smear.

Treatment

The inflammatory process of the external genital organs is treated in a comprehensive manner. The urologist bases on the following therapy regimen and adjusts it in accordance with each clinical case:

• oral medication. Depending on the pathogen and the cause of the inflammation, antibiotics or anti-inflammatory drugs are prescribed,
• external treatment of genitals with antiseptics,
• taking immunostimulants, vitamin complexes.
• After the relief of acute symptoms, physiotherapy sessions are introduced. Usually, procedures are prescribed for laser therapy, electromagnetic therapy, or ultrasound therapy.

Treatment efficacy

In our clinic, urologists prescribe modern drugs of the latest generation, which give a result within 2-5 days after the start of therapy. First, itching and burning are relieved, then the swelling subsides, and redness and pain are stopped last.

Appointment to a doctor

In order to make an appointment with a doctor, choose any method:

• call the clinic by phone +7 (495) 103-99-55,
• request a call back,
• leave a request for an appointment, through a convenient form on the website:

RECORDING FOR RECEPTION

Which doctor to contact

Men seek help from a urologist, women make an appointment with a urologist or gynecologist.As needed, specialists refer to related doctors.

Where to heal

The Kuntsevo treatment and rehabilitation center, located in the west of Moscow, has everything you need to successfully treat any inflammatory processes of the genital organs – experienced specialists, modern equipment, and the latest drugs. Patients note the friendly reception and the welcoming attitude of the entire team of our clinic.

Cost

The prices for the reception will pleasantly surprise you. The Kuntsevo Treatment and Rehabilitation Center carefully monitors the pricing policy and maintains it at an average level in Moscow.

You may find it useful:

90,000 Female body and age – Medical Center “Classic”

Ovaries – the main sources of female youth

Involution (reverse development) of the internal genital organs, especially the ovaries, is the main “base” of aging processes in women. Unfortunately, it is so laid down by nature that the female reproductive function inevitably begins to fade away at the age of about 35 years. But the hormonal and biochemical shifts that precede this begin much earlier.

In the work of the female genital sphere, the ovaries “run the show” – and it is with them that age-related involution begins. In menopause, the ovaries are halved in size, respectively, their mass decreases, the number of follicles in the ovary decreases, in old age they disappear altogether.

The production of sex hormones by the ovaries changes with age: the total amount of estrogen and progesterone secreted decreases. In the estrogen profile of women, estrogens with less activity begin to predominate.

As the function of the ovaries in the blood fades, fluctuations in the level of estrogen occur in one direction or another. The frequency and abundance of menstrual bleeding, the condition of the uterus, the content of other hormones and, as a result, general well-being depend on this.

Like all other endocrine glands, the ovary is under the direction of the hypothalamus and pituitary gland (the endocrine centers in the brain that control ovarian function). Therefore, with the aging of the ovaries, its function also changes the entire hormonal background as a whole: it becomes less stable, disorders easily occur that affect the entire body.

Uterus – endometrium and age

The uterus decreases in size, the structure of its wall changes: more and more connective tissue appears instead of muscle cells, the inner mucous membrane atrophies.

Processes in the endometrium cease to be cyclical: menstruation becomes irregular, their character changes – be it scanty or very abundant, short or long, eventually disappear altogether.

This period is dangerous because in the endometrium (the mucous membrane covering the uterine cavity), pathological processes can develop under the influence of non-ovarian estrogens.

Therefore, in this case, it is necessary to regularly undergo examinations by a gynecologist for the degeneration of the uterine mucosa.

Hormonal aging of the vagina and pelvic ligaments

The vagina begins to thin out evenly in all parts. The elasticity of the wall decreases, the mucous membrane becomes thinner and more easily vulnerable, it can bleed on contact. The composition of the vaginal discharge changes – cells characteristic of climacteric changes appear in it. All of these conditions described above are called vaginal aging.

The vagina is much more sensitive to estrogen than the uterus and its membranes. Therefore, even with a strong decrease in these hormones in the blood, changes in the vaginal epithelium occur extremely slowly. For treatment, this also has its advantage: when even small amounts of estrogen are introduced into therapy, the state of the vagina quickly normalizes.

With a decrease in sex hormones in a woman, the ligaments and muscles of the pelvic floor atrophy, their tone, elasticity and firmness decrease.Muscles lose their volume and strength, and the ligaments that support the internal genital organs (uterus, vagina, bladder, rectum) stretch , and as a result, this leads to prolapse and prolapse of the uterus, bladder and rectum .

Breasts and sex hormones

The main and only task of the mammary glands is to feed a newborn baby until the time when he learns to eat.

The function of the mammary glands directly depends on the work of the reproductive system, since sex hormones determine the state of the tissues of the gland and its changes that occur during the menstrual cycle.

Estrogens affect the development of the internal structure of the mammary gland, the number of ducts in it. If the amount of these hormones is increased (hyperestrogenism), then the volume of the stroma of the mammary gland and the number of ducts increase, they become highly convoluted. In extreme cases, this is expressed in fibrocystic mastopathy.

Against the background of age-related hypoestrogenism, the connective tissue of the gland becomes less elastic, loses its elasticity. This explains the prolapse of the breast, its loss of shape.Moreover, this happens regardless of whether the woman had a history of pregnancy, childbirth and whether she was breastfeeding.

In parallel with the increase in age, the likelihood of breast cancer is growing. In some cases, this occurs against the background of fibrocystic mastopathy. Therefore, for the timely detection of cancer, it is necessary to do an ultrasound 2 times and 1 time in 2 years to undergo an X-ray examination of the mammary glands – mammography. This test is indicated for all women aged 40 and over.

Cardiovascular system and sex hormone deficiency

The body is a single whole in which everything is interconnected, and receptors (special proteins on the cell that are able to bind a strictly defined substance) to sex hormones are not only in the uterus or mammary gland, but in many other organs and tissues. In all vessels and heart muscle there are receptors for female sex hormones. Estrogens dilate arterial vessels, and contribute to maintaining normal pressure, with a decrease in sex hormones , the vessels spasm, and against this background arterial hypertension and coronary heart disease are formed.

Brain – target and source of sex hormones

There are structures in the brain that respond to the content of estrogens in the blood, as they have receptors for them. Estrogens affect the work of nerve cells, mediated by such mediators (transmitter substances) as dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine, acetylcholine, GABA, glutamate, endorphins, melatonin.

Therefore, any fluctuations in estrogen lead to unstable work of the psychoemotional sphere, as the least stable function of the central nervous system.Indeed, to cause muscle disruption or tremor, much greater movement is needed in the internal environment of the body.

From this it becomes clear why during menopause mood easily changes, depression, migraines, feelings of fatigue and depression, and poor health often occur. Often there are anxiety states of varying severity, a feeling of anxiety, exaggerated feelings about all sorts of little things.

Attention and the ability to concentrate also fluctuate from an increased level to the inability to keep even one primitive task in mind.Memory suffers, forgetfulness easily arises. Appetite can either increase, then there is a complete aversion to food or a preference for one particular taste.

The origin of arterial hypertension, which often accompanies aging in both men and women, is not as unambiguous as disorders in the emotional sphere.