I have to push to pee: 5 Ways You Could Pee Better > News > Yale Medicine
5 Ways You Could Pee Better > News > Yale Medicine
It’s one of the simplest things you do every day—relieve your bladder. Bathroom visits are so automatic, chances are you’ve not put much thought into whether or not you are urinating in the healthiest way possible. But, there are common bathroom mistakes people make that can lead to unnecessary urinary health issues.
“As urologists, we see many patients with urinary complaints, and sometimes our advice is as simple as educating the patient on healthy voiding habits,” says Yale Medicine urologist Joseph Brito, MD.
Find out if you’re making any of these common urination mistakes.
Mistake 1: Holding it
The sensation of having to “go” usually leads to a trip to the restroom. “But, sometimes life gets in the way—a long car ride, a movie, or simply doing something fun can cause a delay,” says Dr. Brito. Even though it can be inconvenient to stop what you’re doing and use the bathroom, urine-holding may lead to a variety of issues.
“Ignoring an urge to urinate may lead to leakage. Or, it’s possible that chronic bladder ‘overstretching’ may lead to new bladder symptoms down the road as people age,” says Leslie Rickey, MD, a Yale Medicine urologist who specializes in women’s pelvic floor problems.
Delaying bathroom breaks is problematic for kids, too. Urologists occasionally see children with recurrent urinary tract infections (UTI) or foul-smelling urine. This is commonly associated with urine-holding, Dr. Brito says. “Encourage your children to take their time in the bathroom, and remind them to take breaks from their activities for it,” he says. “The best advice is to visit the restroom when you feel like you have to go; however, if you have to urinate very frequently, like every hour, you should talk to a physician.”
Mistake 2: Not emptying fully
When you’re in a rush, incomplete bladder emptying can cause issues far more problematic than taking the extra minute or so in the bathroom.
Similar to urine-holding, incomplete bladder emptying allows a reservoir of urine to collect that can potentially cause urinary infections. It can also increase the odds of developing another painful problem—bladder stones, which are salt crystals that sometimes form when urinary concentration or ‘stasis’ develops.
Incomplete emptying isn’t something you are always aware you’re doing, but it’s a good idea to make an effort to ensure you are emptying your bladder, says Dr. Brito. He says this is a particular problem for older men with prostate issues. For them, incomplete bladder emptying can lead to a smaller functional bladder capacity and subsequent urinary frequency and urgency problems.
“Often as men get older, they will not completely empty their bladder. The problem there is, if your bladder’s full and you empty it halfway and then drink fluids like you normally would, it fills up more quickly,” says Dr. Brito.
Incomplete bladder emptying becomes a problem as men age because of prostate enlargement (also called benign prostate hyperplasia or BPH), a common condition.
This can bring a number of symptoms including increased urinary frequency, urgency, and nocturia (nighttime urination), as well as incomplete emptying. “BPH is usually not a dangerous condition,” Dr. Brito says, “but the symptoms can become pretty frustrating and often life-altering.” Though it is rare, these symptoms can also be a sign of something more serious like prostate cancers, and therefore should be discussed with your primary care physician or urologist.
“Sometimes educating patients to take their time in the bathroom and ensure their bladder is as empty as possible can help,” says Dr. Brito. Other times, patients may need medications or surgery to help the bladder empty better.
Mistake 3: Going too often
One more trip to the bathroom before rushing out the door may seem like smart planning, but it can backfire. The danger is that you can end up “training” the bladder to respond to small volumes, which can lead to overactive bladder symptoms—the sensation of needing to urinate more frequently than is normal, explains Dr.
Rickey.
“Going too often at night can also be a problem for men who then can’t fall back to sleep,” says Stanton Honig, MD, director of Male Urology, adding that this condition, called nocturia, can affect quality of life. “If this is bothersome to patients, there are treatment [medications] for it,” says Dr. Honig.
Other problems can also cause increased urinary frequency, such as an infection along the urinary tract. Therefore, if you find that you need to visit the bathroom far more often than you used to, talk to your primary care physician or urologist. You may need a urinalysis (urine test) to rule out a UTI, as well as to check for blood in the urine (hematuria), which can happen to a small number of people with an overactive bladder who have a bladder tumor, Dr. Brito says. “Blood in the urine is never normal and usually requires further testing to determine its cause,” Dr. Brito says.
Diet can also be a factor for people who notice an uptick on their need to pee.
“The bladder is increasingly sensitive as we age,” says Dr. Brito, “and urinary frequency can be due to certain ‘irritative’ foods and beverages such as caffeine, alcohol, carbonated beverages, chocolate, spicy foods, and acidic foods.”
Some people may also visit the bathroom frequently in an attempt to avoid leakage. Although urinary incontinence (an unintended loss of urine) is common and affects a large number of women, it is not something you should just live with,” says Dr. Rickey. “Directed pelvic floor muscle exercises [physical therapy] can resolve these symptoms.” Other treatments such as medications and minimally invasive procedures are available, too, to help with urinary frequency, urgency, and incontinence.
Mistake #4: Pushing
You shouldn’t have to use your muscles to force urine out. A healthy bladder works best if the body just relaxes so that the bladder muscles naturally contract to let the urine flow, rather than using the abdominal muscles to bear down as with a bowel movement.
In men, the need to push urine may be a sign of bladder outlet obstruction, which is commonly due to BPH. “This benign condition causes swelling in the prostate and problems starting the urine stream—or a weak flow,” says Dr. Honig.
Women are less likely to have bladder outlet obstruction, though advanced pelvic organ prolapse can lead to difficulty starting the flow of urine, says Dr. Rickey. The main symptom of prolapse is seeing or feeling a vaginal bulge; it is the result of the pelvic organs (vagina, uterus, bladder, or rectum) descending into the vaginal canal due to weakened pelvic organ muscle support. Having to work hard to push your urine out can also lead to other problems such as hemorrhoids or a worsening of hernia symptoms, explains Dr. Brito.
If you can’t help but push urine out, see a urologist or primary care doctor to determine if you need medication, specific exercises, or other therapies to address your underlying urinary issue.
Mistake #5: Not drinking enough water
Many urinary complaints are related to poor hydration.
Generally speaking, if your urine is clear or very light, that’s a sign you are drinking the right amount of water. If your urine is dark yellow or amber, that’s usually a sign of dehydration.
Odor, an “off” color, and (occasionally) the sense of burning while voiding (dysuria) are other signs that might indicate you are not properly hydrated. Not drinking enough water can contribute to UTIs and kidney stones. Concentrated urine can irritate the lining of the bladder, making it more sensitive. It is also more likely to form kidney or bladder stones.
“Many patients ask if drinking alternative fluids will suffice, but many beverages contain high sugar concentrations or caffeine, which can have other health effects,” says Dr. Brito, noting these might make overactive bladder symptoms worse. “Water is the safest option to maintain hydration and keep your kidneys and bladder healthy.”
There are some conditions that can make your urine appear more concentrated even if you are well-hydrated, such as liver problems or hematuria.
So, if you are drinking enough water (about 2 quarts a day) but have dark-colored urine, odor, or burning, it’s worth a trip to a urologist, who can evaluate your symptoms more closely.
“The ability to urinate freely and without difficulty is taken for granted by most people,” says Dr. Brito. So, next time you have to “go,” follow the above advice for better urinary health.
For more information about Yale Medicine Urology, click here.
More news from Yale Medicine
Straining to Urinate? – Healthy Living Center
The need to strain or push in order to urinate can be due to problems with the contractile force of the bladder or problems with obstruction of the bladder outlet and urethra. Failure to empty due to problems with the contractile force of the bladder may be due to nerve-related disorders such as spinal-cord injury, multiple sclerosis, diabetes, and the like. Failure to empty the bladder due to urethral problems is unusual in women.
Some causes of obstruction of the bladder outlet in women include prior vaginal or urethral surgeries, rare strictures of the urethra, and, in rare instances, polyps or cancerous lesions.
Urinary symptoms should always be investigated to rule out some of these unusual but serious conditions. In the urologist’s office, an evaluation for these symptoms would typically include a detailed history, physical examination including a vaginal speculum examination, urinalysis, and an ultrasound measurement of bladder volume after voiding. The most important thing that this latter test would show is whether or not the bladder is completely empty. If the bladder empties completely it makes neurological problems unlikely. If the bladder retains a lot of urine, further studies with urodynamics, a bladder-pressure study that assesses the contractility of the bladder muscle, would be appropriate.
Q2. My husband has been taking oxycodone for pain management for eight weeks now. He is currently having trouble urinating.
I understand this is from the medication, but what can he do to overcome the problem? Would drinking more liquid help?
— Irene, North Carolina
Oxycodone, as well as other narcotic pain medications, can lead to bladder problems. Your husband’s difficulty urinating may have resulted because the medication interacts with and blocks some of the nerve signals that cause the bladder to contract. If he cannot be switched to a nonnarcotic pain medicine, then additional evaluation is indicated to assess the severity of his urinary problems. Narcotic pain medicines can also lead to constipation, which, if severe, can prevent normal evacuation of the bladder.
It is important to know whether your husband has an underlying predisposition to bladder difficulties. If he has an enlarged prostate, for example, lower urinary tract symptoms that are caused by prostatic enlargement may be exacerbated by a narcotic pain medication. In such cases, additional medication to treat the underlying lower urinary tract symptoms related to prostatic enlargement might improve his situation.
It is unlikely that increasing his fluid intake will resolve bladder-emptying problems — this could actually exacerbate them. Any evaluation of a man who has difficulty urinating would also seek other, less common problems, such as chronic prostatic infection, prostate cancer, bladder stones, and the like.
Learn more in the Everyday Health Pain Management Center.
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Urinalysis: Purposes, Types, Results
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By Kathleen Smith, PhD, LPC
Protein in Urine (Proteinuria): Causes, Symptoms, Treatment
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What Causes Blood in Urine (Hematuria)?
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What Your Urine Says About You and Your Health
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How Does Your Urine Change When You’re Pregnant?
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Publications / Bookmarks / Profile johnl / Habr
visirok
000Z” title=”2022-12-30, 13:09″> Dec 30, 2022 at 1:09 pm
Time to read
27 min
Number of views 14K
Reading room History IT
Report
On December 31, 2022, the German post office closes the service for receiving and delivering telegrams due to its low demand. Undoubtedly, other countries will soon do the same for Germany.
Communication technology with an interesting history is finally disappearing from the scene.
This event deserves great and serious reflection and consideration. But I personally remember the telegraph most of all for one episode. More than half a century ago, I sent a telegram to the General Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU, Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev.
Why, why, what is KPC and much more you will learn from this story. It happened in the spring, but it fully claims to be a New Year’s, “tube” story for reading on a weekend or holiday. I hope it will be not only interesting for you, but also, perhaps, it will cheer you up a little.
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Total votes 140: ↑134 and ↓6 +128
Comments
96
K_Chicago
Time to read
2 min
View count 71K
Arduino development *DIY or DIY
Mouse jiggler.
Why:
prevents screen locking; messengers that automatically show your activity by mouse movement – show that you are actively working.
Old-fashioned way: put an optical mouse on your wristwatch; the movement of the second hand is perceived by the mouse scanner as mouse movement.
Disadvantages:
1) not every mouse responds every clock. Need to pick.
2) if you put the mouse on the watch carelessly or accidentally touch it, it may stop working.
Offered:
$4 Arduino Pro Micro board on Ali; she knows how to pretend to be a mouse or a keyboard. Minimal modification of the board: a simple switch is soldered into the holes of the Gnd, 2, 3 pins, like this:
Read more
Total votes 252: ↑211 and ↓41 +170
Comments
257
antoshkka
000Z” title=”2022-02-09, 10:59″> Feb 9, 2022 at 10:59 am
Time to read
6 min
Number of views 19K
Yandex company blog Programming *C++ *Compilers *IT standards *
Without further ado, straight to the point – these are the new goodies that will await us in C++23:
-
std::expectedis a new error reporting mechanism without the use of exceptions and without the disadvantages of return codes. - constexpr math – now at compile time you can get different parts of floating point numbers, copy signs and round numbers.
-
std::ranges::to– the results of the algorithms can be easily turned into a container. -
std::views::join_with– Add a separator between elements.
What will we see not in C ++ 23, what else can we hope for and what else has been accepted into the current draft of the standard? All this is waiting for you under the cut.
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Total votes 47: ↑46 and ↓1 +45
Comments
147
Asya_Dyu
000Z” title=”2021-10-13, 17:05″> 13 Oct 2021 at 17:05
Time to read
13 min
Views 157K
Timeweb Cloud GTD Blog *Health Science Biology
The other day I listened to a 2-hour speech “Healthy Sleep” by a neurologist, somnologist Elena Tsareva. She pulled out the most important points for herself:
- Sleeping regularly, going to bed and getting up at the same time is the most important thing.
- Biorhythms – partly inherited, partly regulated by lifestyle. You can influence them yourself.
- Normal bedtime is around 10:00 pm. Owl and lark – this is a deviation of ± 1-2 hours. More is a violation and a shift in the phase of sleep, more often due to external stimuli.
- The most common cause of poor sleep and difficulty falling asleep is the wrong light.
- To shift the regime by 1 hour, the body needs 1 day to adapt.
- It is impossible to “sleep through” a sleepless night. Getting enough sleep eliminates only 30% of the effects of lack of sleep.
- Before looking for the causes of poor sleep, rule out psychological problems (anxiety, depression), thyroid disorders, iron deficiency, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and pathology of the kidneys and genitourinary system.
- Drivers and passengers: 17 hours without sleep equals 0.5 ppm, 21 hours without sleep equals 0.8 ppm.
- Do not stay in bed without sleep for more than 15 minutes – advice for insomnia.
- The most physiological alarm clocks are those that glow.
Under the cut is a summary of a 2-hour speech about sleep for 15 minutes of reading. Another point in the treasury of useful materials about sleep is Sleep Hackers.
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Total votes 169: ↑149 and ↓20 +129
Comments
247
EnglishDom
Time to read
5 min
Number of views 39K
EnglishDom company blog Reading room Learning languages
There are 26 letters in modern English, but there used to be more.
How simplification mowed down a number of letters and how a song about the English alphabet sounded a century ago, read in this material.
Total votes 88: ↑87 and ↓1 +86
Comments
90
Subrisk
Time to read
20 min
Number of views 70K
Project management * Educational process in IT Product management * Career in the IT industry IT companies
Well, Habr, six months of some very unpleasant 2020 have passed, before the end of the decade a little more — and even today I can say that this decade, first of all, has become the golden age of the IT sector. The accumulated experience, new experiments and cool hardware have done their job. It seemed that IT became the new rock and roll, but somehow quickly it came close to becoming the new pop. Everyone wants to be in IT, no matter who: managers of everything and everything, translators, developers, PR people, copywriters, well, actually programmers, testers, engineers.
Meanwhile, the industry is changing dramatically. I suggest you talk about us, about our IT and where everything is heading.
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Total votes 133: ↑111 and ↓22 +89
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216
pavgra
Time to read
12 min
Number of views 134K
IT emigration
From the sandbox
Recently, Parallels’ corporate blog published an article stating the salaries of developers in the west with the words “in any case, Russian salaries do not yet reach European ones.” The frequent encounter with how people very selectively compare the living conditions of Peter the pig and those who did not leave prompted me to share some observations about life in the USA from the inside. The purpose of this post is to push to approach the issue in a complex way and make a comparison of apples with apples, and not pointwise compare what is profitable and turn a blind eye to other important aspects.
If it seems to you that there are other subtexts in this article, please attribute this to the fact that “the Chukchi is not a writer” and, if possible, ignore them.
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Total votes 309: ↑293 and ↓16 +277
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1211
Ilona_Ilicheva
Time to read
11 min
Number of views 21K
PVS-Studio Blog Programming *C++ *
Not so long ago we held a free lecture course “Modern and efficient C++” at our office and recorded it on video. The course was designed for programmers, interns and everyone who has recently arrived in our team. In this article, we would like to highlight the purpose of this course, the process of preparing for it, and summarize. We hope that for some of you our course of lectures will be interesting and you will appreciate our work. We wish you a pleasant viewing of the reports!
Total votes 67: ↑61 and ↓6 +55
Comments
16
v1z
000Z” title=”2019-06-01, 00:54″> Jun 1, 2019 at 00:54
Time to read
5 min
Number of views 80K
Health
My initial data: slight myopia, -1 diopter, but only 20% sharpness – I saw only two lines. Glasses or lenses were uncomfortable for me, so I decided to have an operation. The choice came down to just two types – Femto lasik or Smile.
Femto is a proven and reliable method, and I learned about Smile from the Habré articles from the Shilova clinic. However, when I started digging further, I realized that the Smile method has one serious drawback – the human factor.
2 years ago I had a femto lasik operation and I am still satisfied with it – immediately after the operation my vision was 120% sharp, and now it is around 100%. My friends and acquaintances are interested and ask if they should do Smile. I’m a little tired of explaining the same thing to everyone, so I decided to write an article on Habré, in which I collected all the information I could find.
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Total votes 79: ↑73 and ↓6 +67
Comments
190
Google1
Time to read
11 min
Views 42K
Health
From the sandbox
The story of how I received my sight
For 10 years I wore lenses with myopia of -4 diopters and thought about the correction, but at one moment it clicked, I did it, I was happy like an elephant. With my myopia, it costs up to 100 tr.
Turnkey SuperFemtoLASIK (May 2019). But pants full of happiness.
I will immediately disclaim responsibility: I do not have a medical education, rich experience in operations and commercial motivation for writing this article. I describe this experience for people who are still in doubt and are looking for answers to their troubles on the Internet.
I will also use common abbreviations.
Information about the essence of the methods is full on other resources. He also did not name the medicines, so that no one would guess to prescribe them to himself.
Prerequisites
They put glasses on me in elementary school (-2 diopters), by the ninth grade I had already switched to two-week lenses (-3.5 diopters). At the end of the institute, relatives / friends began to incite for a correction, but then it seemed to me to spend the cost of 3-4 smartphones, or a good trip to Europe is too much. So I went and licked my lips until changes began: a close relative became seriously ill and oncology treatment cost a lot of money. Two years later, everything ended well, but another fell ill and everything started anew. At that moment, it clicked in my brain that health is not something that needs to be saved on. My 30s are over and it’s time to take care of my own health. At the same time, wearing contact lenses began to strain. Once a quarter, an emergency happened: when I accidentally scratched my eyelid, the lens ran over the eyeball and it was wildly difficult to get it, not to mention the sensations at that moment.
One time it was driving, another time away from home and it was hard to come back. The feeling of helplessness was overwhelming.
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Total votes 54: ↑48 and ↓6 +42
Comments
83
NatalyM
Time to read
5 min
Views 60K
Content & Copywriting *Learning Languages
Translation
Punctuation is very important if you want to communicate your message clearly and get the response you expect. However, in English punctuation is seriously different from what we are used to in Russian. Moreover, it differs in different varieties of English.
In general, there are many difficult points here, which can be difficult to deal with on your own. I found an interesting post with the rules for using commas in English and examples of errors. I present to your attention his adapted translation.
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Total votes 38: ↑35 and ↓3 +32
Comments
12
derprimus
000Z” title=”2019-05-28, 19:18″> May 28, 2019 at 19:18
Time to read
9 min
Views 91K
Madrobots Blog Science Fiction
Remember the adorable cat that sneezed in the intro of the Soviet cartoon? We remember, and found it – along with a bunch of other hand-drawn fiction. As a child, she frightened and discouraged, because she raised serious, adult topics. It’s time to revisit old cartoons to find out what kind of future they dreamed of in that country.
Total votes 138: ↑136 and ↓2 +134
Comments
144
m1rko
Time to read
9 min
Number of views 113K
VIM *LaTeX *Math *
Tutorial
Translation
Some time ago on Quora I answered the question: how to keep up with the lecturer’s notes on mathematics in LaTeX. There, I explained my workflow for taking notes in LaTeX with Vim and Inkscape (for drawings).
But a lot has changed since then, so I want to publish a few blog posts describing the new process. This is the first of the articles.
I started using LaTeX for note taking in the second semester of my math course, and have since written over 1700 pages. Here are a few examples of what the abstract looks like:
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Total votes 222: ↑220 and ↓2 +218
Comments
133
pgkirich
Time to read
5 min
Number of views 27K
Nanotechnology Electronics for beginners
From the sandbox
Several years ago I had a chance to try my hand at luring inquisitive youths into the development of microelectronics. And then it was, as in the well-known proverb: “The claw is stuck – the abyss is for the bird!” Could no longer stop. I want to share this experience with the public, perhaps other electronic engineers will also want to arrange something similar.
Smarter people – better life.
It all started with the fact that we almost accidentally agreed with the Interregional Computer School in Dubna near Moscow to give their students something like a lecture on the design of microprocessors. This topic is known to me firsthand, I have been cooking in it for two decades. I had a chance to work both in domestic and foreign companies. Well, why not tell teenagers what the work of engineers is, inventing the insides of “prots”. This is not among the same bores at the conference to speak – in front of the children it will not work just to rattle the text. If they are not at all interested, then they do not care about honorable gray hairs, brilliant bald heads and pouting cheeks. They will yawn without hesitation and fidget in their chairs in the hope of escaping as soon as possible. But there are pluses – all sorts of liberties, jokes, inaccuracies and simplifications will not cause indignation and demands to burn the heretic speaker. In general, judging by the number of questions in the process of communication, the first pancake did not come out lumpy, it became interesting to move on.
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Total votes 86: ↑86 and ↓0 +86
Comments
197
Roman_Yankovskiy
Time to read
20 min
Number of views 27K
Project management *Crowdsourcing DIY or DIY
Tutorial
Three years ago I decided to make a book about the high-rise of Moscow State University on the Lenin Hills – large, illustrated, with the involvement of graduates, etc. The story of this work is a real movie (sometimes farce, sometimes horror) with a lot of dramatic twists. Super-successful crowdfunding, a wide audience, a lot of enthusiasts, a complete failure with planning, collecting all possible rakes and, as a result, an absolute fuckup in terms of budget and timing. In general, the classic story of “project management” – that’s why I decided to tell it here.
TL;DR – if you want to write non-fiction for the sake of money, forget it right away.
But if the soul asks for adventure, life seems too simple – go for it! You will acquire a lot of unnecessary connections and discover a lot of shortcomings in yourself. But it will be fun 🙂
Yes, and this is a longread; Estimated reading time is 20 minutes.
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Total votes 134: ↑134 and ↓0 +134
Comments
26
puyol_dev2
Time to read
3 min
Number of views 41K
PostgreSQL *
From the sandbox
Hello, Khabrovites! I bring to your attention the translation of the article “How a single PostgreSQL config change improved slow query performance by 50x” by Pavan Patibandla. It helped me a lot to improve the performance of PostgreSQL.
At Amplitude, our goal is to provide easy-to-use interactive product analytics so that everyone can find answers to their product questions.
To ensure a good user experience, Amplitude must provide these answers quickly. So when one of our customers complained about how long it took to load the dropdown list of event properties in the Amplitude UI, we set out to investigate the issue in detail.
By monitoring latency at different levels, we realized that one particular PostgreSQL query took 20 seconds to complete. This came as a surprise to us, since both tables have indexes on the column being joined.
Slow request
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Total votes 90: ↑89 and ↓1 +88
Comments
39
olegchir
Time to read
5 min
Views 56K
Game Development *Game Design *Game Promotion *Games and Game Consoles
Last night, March 19th, Google held its own presentation at the Game Developers Conference. The essence of what is happening is a new video streaming service that allows you to play from any device without the need for a powerful computer or console, and a special gamepad for it.
If that’s not enough, Google is introducing a new game studio run by Jade Raymond, former Ubisoft Montreal executive producer and Ubisoft Toronto managing director.
A quick overview of the presentation with screenshots – under the cut. Detailed text transcript, perhaps a little later.
Please note that under the cut there will be a lot of images in 1920×1080 resolution, which create good such traffic. Olso, I warned you.
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Total votes 81: ↑76 and ↓5 +71
Comments
724
analyticsgroup_ru
Time to read
6 min
Number of views 123K
Data Mining *Brainfuck *Big Data *Data visualization *Research and forecasting in IT *
From the sandbox
Who are we and what were the prerequisites for the project?
Good afternoon, my name is Lazarev Vladimir, I am the head of the BI integrator Analytics Group.
We make visual reports for business on marketing, sales, finance, logistics based on the leading analytical platforms Qlik Sense, Power BI, Tableau.
The visual component is very important in BI platforms. If you have looked at dozens of demo reports of BI systems and you do not like how this or that platform looks, then most likely you will not implement it, even if you are satisfied with the price and technical characteristics. Based on this, the need is born to see the same data in different analytical platforms so that it can be compared.
And it is desirable that the data be interesting… 🙂
Where did the idea to make this report come from?
A few years ago, the Higher School of Economics published an article on the formation of prices for the services of girls with low social responsibility in Moscow. These were aggregated data from an analysis of 1,800 questionnaires. We found the data behind these conclusions of the HSE sociologists interesting.
And we decided to work on this topic.
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Total votes 171: ↑139 and ↓32 +107
Comments
165
andrei_mankevich
Time to read
12 min
Views 97K
Mobile Application Development *Android Development *Google API *Reverse Engineering *Interview
Google loves Easter eggs. He loves it so much that you can find them in almost every product of the company. The tradition of Easter eggs in Android has been going on since the very first versions of the operating system (I think everyone knows what will happen if you click on the line with the Android version several times in the settings).
But it also happens that Easter eggs are found in the most unexpected places. There is even such a legend: once a programmer googled “mutex lock”, and instead of search results he got to the foo.bar page, solved all the problems and got a job at Google.
Event reconstruction
Here is the same amazing story (only without a happy ending) happened to me. Hidden messages where they definitely cannot be, reverse Java code and native libraries, a secret virtual machine, passing an interview at Google – all this is under the cut.
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Total votes 279: ↑277 and ↓2 +275
Comments
302
Vsevo10d
Time to read
7 min
Views 28K
Math *Science
One urban legend has it that the maker of sugar sticks hanged himself after learning that consumers didn’t break them in half over a cup, but carefully ripped the tip off. This, of course, is not so, but if one follows this logic, then one British lover of Guinness beer named William Gosset should not only hang himself, but also drill the Earth to the very center with his rotation in the coffin.
And all because his landmark invention, published under the pseudonym Student has been misused for decades.
The picture above is taken from book by S. Glantz. Medico-biological statistics. Per. from English. – M., Practice, 1998. – 459 p. I don’t know if anyone has checked the calculations for this chart for statistical errors. However, both a number of modern articles on the topic, and my own experience, indicate that the Student’s t-test remains the most famous, and therefore the most popular in application, with or without reason.
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Frequent urination. Frequent urination at night. What is considered frequent urination?
Author
Lukyanchikov Denis Vladimirovich
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When should urination be considered frequent?
Frequent urination
An adult normally excretes 1.
5-2 liters of urine. To do this, he has to visit the toilet 3-7 times a day. Urination in children is more frequent: in children of the first year of life – 12-16 times a day, at the age of one to three years – 10 times a day, from three to nine years old – 6-8 times. The spread of indicators is quite wide. How many times a person needs to go to the toilet depends on many factors. In particular, with a large amount of fluid drunk, it should be expected that the need to urinate will increase. A number of products have a diuretic effect; such are, for example, watermelon, melon, cranberry, lingonberry, cucumber, coffee, alcohol. Eating them is likely to increase the frequency of urination due to increased urine output.
It is abnormal to increase urination with even fluid intake and a stable diet. As a rule, urination more than 10 times a day in an adult is already regarded as a pathology, however, for such an assessment, the discomfort experienced by a person with such frequent visits to the toilet is also of great importance.
Frequent urination is abnormal if one of the following symptoms is observed:
- constant urge to urinate;
- the amount of urine during urination is negligible. Normally, an adult should excrete about 200-300 ml of urine at a time;
- burning or pain during urination;
- urination interferes with the normal rhythm of life (work, travel, sleep).
Frequent urination at night (nocturia), polyuria and urinary incontinence
Distinguish between frequent urination at night and daytime. Frequent urination during the daytime is called pollakiuria. Particular attention is paid to frequent urination at night. Normally, a person usually gets up to use the toilet no more than once a night. With the increase in nighttime urination, the development of many diseases begins. If most of the urine is excreted at night, then this condition is called nocturia .
Increased urination may be due to the fact that more urine is excreted.
If the total amount of urine exceeds 1.8 liters, then this condition is called polyuria . Permanent polyuria is caused by serious diseases, temporary polyuria is also often pathological.
Frequent urination is also associated with such a problem as urinary incontinence . Urinary incontinence occurs when a person can no longer suppress the sudden urge to urinate. Usually, urinary incontinence develops against the background of frequent urination.
Causes of frequent urination
The physiological causes of frequent urination, in addition to the nutritional factor (heavy drinking, a specific diet), include stress and hypothermia. Frequent urination is also observed in pregnant women, especially in the first and third trimesters. Certain medications can also lead to more frequent urination.
In such cases, frequent urination is observed, as a rule, during the daytime and is temporary. As soon as the factor that caused it ceases to act, the frequency of urination returns to normal.
Pathological nature has frequent urination caused by diseases of the genitourinary system. In most cases, the cause of frequent urination is irritation of the urethra and bladder neck, which have abundant innervation. Irritation can be caused by infection or be mechanical (in the case of urolithiasis or tumors). Normally, the nervous system should receive a signal from receptors in the region of the bladder neck only in one case – if the bladder is full. But as a result of pathological irritation, the signal is given prematurely, and there is a urge to urinate.
Frequent urination is caused by the following diseases of the genitourinary system :
- prostate adenoma;
- prostatitis;
- cystitis;
- urethritis;
- urolithiasis;
- weakness of the muscles of the bladder walls.
Also, frequent urination is observed in diseases such as:
- diabetes. In diabetes, the patient is thirsty, drinks more than normal, which leads to increased urination;
- cardiovascular insufficiency.
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When is frequent urination a reason to see a doctor?
If the frequency of urination has become an irritant for you or there is reason to suspect that the frequency of urination is pathological (caused by a disease), you should consult a urologist. The first signal is often the urge to urinate at night. If you have become more likely to get up to the toilet at night, do not put off a visit to the doctor. Remember: the earlier the treatment of the disease is started, the easier it is to treat it.
Urinary frequency treatment in Moscow
With a complaint of frequent urination, you should consult a urologist.
Urologists of the “Family Doctor” have extensive experience in the treatment of diseases of the genitourinary system. Based on modern diagnostics, Family Doctor urologists will determine the cause of frequent urination and prescribe an effective treatment.