What are the common types of fungal skin infections? How are they diagnosed and treated? Get expert insights on managing fungal skin problems effectively.

Unraveling the Mysteries of Fungal Skin Infections

Fungal skin infections are a common occurrence, affecting millions of people worldwide. These microscopic organisms, found in various environments, can thrive in warm, moist areas of the body, leading to a range of skin conditions. From yeast infections to ringworm, understanding the causes, symptoms, and effective treatments is crucial for managing these troublesome ailments.

Yeast Infections: When Candida Takes Over

Yeast infections, caused by the Candida fungus, are one of the most prevalent forms of fungal skin infections. These infections occur in warm, moist areas of the body, such as the folds of the skin, armpits, and under the breasts. Symptoms of a yeast infection can include a red or discolored rash, itching, stinging, burning, and acne-like bumps around the rash.

To diagnose a yeast infection, a healthcare provider may perform a physical examination and take a skin swab for a culture. Treatment typically involves the use of antifungal creams or oral medications, as well as keeping the affected area clean and dry. Over-the-counter options, such as clotrimazole or nystatin, can be effective in treating mild cases, while more severe infections may require prescription antifungal drugs.

Ringworm: When the Fungus Strikes

Ringworm, a highly contagious fungal skin infection, is not actually caused by a worm, but rather by a group of fungi known as dermatophytes. Ringworm typically appears as a ring-shaped rash with slightly raised edges, and the skin inside the rash usually looks healthy. The infection can spread and is often accompanied by itching.

Healthcare providers can often diagnose ringworm through a visual examination, and in some cases, may perform a skin scraping or fungal culture to confirm the diagnosis. Treatment for ringworm typically involves the use of antifungal creams or powders, and in more severe cases, oral antifungal medications may be prescribed.

Athlete’s Foot: The Scourge of Active Individuals

Athlete’s foot, also known as tinea pedis, is a common fungal infection that affects the feet, particularly the areas between the toes. The infection can cause symptoms such as itching, burning, and scaling or peeling of the skin. Athlete’s foot is highly contagious and can be contracted through contact with contaminated surfaces, such as gym floors or locker rooms.

Diagnosis of athlete’s foot is usually made through a visual examination by a healthcare provider. Treatment typically involves the use of topical antifungal creams, powders, or sprays, as well as keeping the feet clean and dry. In some cases, oral antifungal medications may be prescribed for more severe or persistent infections.

Jock Itch: When Fungus Targets the Groin

Jock itch, or tinea cruris, is a fungal skin infection that primarily affects the groin, inner thighs, and buttocks. It is more common in men and can cause a red, itchy rash with a characteristic circular pattern. Jock itch is often associated with sweating and can be exacerbated by heat and humidity.

Diagnosis of jock itch is typically made through a visual examination by a healthcare provider. Treatment usually involves the use of antifungal creams or powders, as well as maintaining good hygiene and keeping the affected area clean and dry.

Preventing and Managing Fungal Skin Infections

To prevent and manage fungal skin infections, it’s essential to follow these guidelines:

1. Practice good hygiene: Keep the affected area clean and dry, and avoid sharing personal items like towels or clothing with others.
2. Wear moisture-wicking clothing: Choose fabrics that help to keep the skin dry, especially in sweaty or humid environments.
3. Seek prompt treatment: If you suspect a fungal skin infection, consult a healthcare provider for proper diagnosis and treatment.
4. Avoid sharing contaminated surfaces: Steer clear of shared gym equipment, locker rooms, and other potentially contaminated surfaces.
5. Maintain a healthy immune system: Ensure that your overall health and immune function are strong to help prevent and fight off fungal infections.

Understanding the Complexities of Fungal Skin Infections

Fungal skin infections can be a nuisance, but with the right knowledge and proactive approach, they can be effectively managed. By understanding the various types of fungal skin infections, their causes, and the most effective treatment options, you can take steps to keep your skin healthy and vibrant. Remember, if you have any concerns or persistent symptoms, it’s always best to consult a healthcare professional for personalized guidance and care.

Types, Treatment, Risk Factors, More

Fungi live everywhere. They can be found in soil, in the air, or even inside the body. They can also be found on plants, surfaces, or the skin. These microscopic organisms typically don’t cause any problems for your skin unless they multiply faster than normal or penetrate the skin through a cut or lesion.

Since fungi thrive in warm, moist environments, fungal skin infections can often develop in sweaty or damp areas that don’t get much airflow. Some examples include the feet, groin, and folds of the skin.

These infections usually appear as a scaly rash or as discolored and often itchy skin.

You often acquire a fungal skin infection through direct contact. This can include coming into contact with fungi in or on:

• another person
• an animal
• items such as clothing
• gyms
• gym mats, like those used in wrestling
• hot tubs
• saunas and steam rooms

Some fungal skin infections are very common. Although the infection can be uncomfortable and possibly contagious, it’s typically not serious unless you’re immunocompromised.

Did you know?

Although there are millions of species of fungi, just a few hundred of them can actually cause infections in humans, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

What’s more, only a few of those species are dermatophytes, which can affect the skin, nails, and hair. Nondermatophyte fungi can affect the nails but are more likely to occur in other places, such as the lungs or brain.

Many common fungal infections can affect the skin.

Yeast infection (Candida skin infection)

Yeast is a type of fungus.

A yeast called Candida is naturally present on the skin and inside the human body. When it overgrows, an infection can occur, including on the skin. The most common species of Candida is Candida albicans.

Other names for a yeast infection of the skin include:

• a Candida skin infection
• a candidal skin infection
• cutaneous candidiasis
• candidiasis of the skin

The infection occurs in warm, moist, and poorly ventilated areas. Areas that are typically infected include the folds of the buttocks (as in certain types of diaper rash) and under the breasts.

The symptoms of a yeast infection of the skin can include:

• a red or discolored rash
• itching
• stinging
• burning
• acne-like bumps around the rash

Other yeast infections

The mucous membranes are another common site of fungal infections. Some examples of yeast infections in the mucous membranes are vaginal yeast infections and oral thrush.

How it’s diagnosed

A primary care doctor should be able to diagnose a yeast infection of the skin during a physical examination. They may also swab the skin and use a skin culture to confirm that yeast is the organism causing your symptoms.

If you see a dermatologist instead, they may perform a skin scraping of the rash and then view the sample under a microscope to determine if there’s Candida growth.

How it’s treated

An important step in treating any yeast infection is keeping the skin clean and dry.

Some yeast infections will go away on their own. Prescription and over-the-counter (OTC) antifungal drugs are also available. These drugs can either kill fungi directly or prevent them from growing and thriving.

Topical versions include:

• clotrimazole
• econazole
• ketoconazole
• nystatin
• oxiconazole

To help reduce itching, you can also use a corticosteroid cream such as hydrocortisone.

Powders may help you keep your skin dry. It’s important to apply them 2 to 3 hours before or after applying any creams.

If the infection doesn’t resolve or improve, a doctor may prescribe oral antifungal medications, such as:

• fluconazole (Diflucan)

To help treat diaper rash, consider using zinc oxide creams to soothe your baby’s skin. OTC options include products from the brands:

• A+D
• Balmex
• Desitin
• Triple Paste

Home remedies such as changing diapers more frequently and using disposable diapers may also relieve symptoms.

The best disposable diapers

Check out our reviews of the best disposable diapers on the market.

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Ringworm of the body (tinea corporis)

Ringworm is a common fungal skin infection. It’s highly contagious but not serious.

Despite its name, ringworm is caused by a fungus and not a worm. It typically occurs on the torso and limbs, in a subtype known as ringworm of the body (tinea corporis). Ringworm on other areas of the body can go by different names, such as jock itch and athlete’s foot.

The main symptom of ringworm is a ring-shaped rash with slightly raised edges. The skin inside these circular rashes usually looks healthy. The rash can spread and is often itchy.

Ringworm can come from petting an animal infected with the fungus or from gyms and gym mats.

How it’s diagnosed

A doctor can usually diagnose ringworm by sight or after performing a skin scraping.

Some doctors may also perform a fungal culture to help them determine a diagnosis.

How it’s treated

Ringworm of the body that’s limited to a few areas can usually be treated with a topical antifungal medication, such as:

• clotrimazole (Lotrimin AF Ringworm Cream)
• econazole
• ketoconazole (Extina, Ketozole)
• luliconazole (Luzu)
• naftifine
• oxiconazole (Oxistat)
• sulconazole (Exelderm)
• terbinafine (Lamisil AT Cream, Silka Antifungal Cream)

Doctors often recommend oral antifungals for a deeper or more extensive infection. They include:

• fluconazole (Diflucan)
• itraconazole (Sporanox)
• terbinafine

If you think you have ringworm

If you think you may have ringworm, try to refrain from using over-the-counter antifungal products (such as creams) before you receive an official diagnosis.

Using these products can make the fungus harder to identify when a healthcare professional views it under a microscope.

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), over-the-counter antifungal products aren’t effective against ringworm of the scalp (tinea capitis). This type of ringworm typically requires prescription antifungal products.

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Ringworm of the scalp (tinea capitis)

This fungal infection affects the skin of the scalp and the associated hair shafts. It’s most common in children and teens 3 to 14 years old.

You can contract ringworm of the scalp from animals, soil, or other humans (via hairbrushes or hats).

Symptoms of ringworm of the scalp (tinea capitis) can include:

• broken hair shafts
• localized bald patches that may appear scaly or red
• associated scaling and itching
• associated tenderness or pain in the patches
• patches that ooze or crust over
• permanent hair loss, in some severe cases

It may resemble severe dandruff.

It can also cause symptoms unrelated to the scalp, such as fever and swollen lymph nodes in the neck.

How it’s diagnosed

A doctor can diagnose ringworm of the scalp during a physical examination.

They usually perform a skin scraping, such as a skin lesion KOH exam. In the skin lesion KOH exam, skin scrapings are mixed with potassium hydrochloride (KOH) to determine if fungi are present.

How it’s treated

Ringworm of the scalp requires prescription oral medication, which may come in the form of a tablet, capsule, or liquid. Examples include:

• fluconazole (Diflucan)
• griseofulvin (Fulvicin, Gris-PEG), which is typically the drug of choice and is safe for children
• itraconazole (Sporanox)
• terbinafine

Everyone with ringworm of the scalp should use an antifungal shampoo. All members of their household should use it too. Examples include ketoconazole shampoo (Nizoral Anti-Dandruff Shampoo).

Jock itch (tinea cruris)

Jock itch happens in the area near your groin and thighs. It’s most common in men and adolescent boys.

The main symptom is an itchy, red, and sometimes painful rash that typically starts in the groin or around the upper inner thighs. The rash may worsen after exercise or other physical activity and can spread to the buttocks and abdomen.

The affected skin may also appear:

• scaly
• flaky
• cracked
• moist and possibly macerated, in the case of an open sore

The outer border of the rash can be slightly raised and darker.

How it’s diagnosed

A doctor can diagnose jock itch during a physical examination or after examining a sample under a microscope.

How it’s treated

Treatment often begins with OTC or prescription creams.

OTC creams, sprays, and powders include:

• butenafine (Lotrimin Ultra Jock Itch Cream)
• clotrimazole (Lotrimin AF Jock Itch Antifungal Cream)
• miconazole (CareALL Miconazole Cream, Lotrimin AF Jock Itch Antifungal Powder Spray)
• terbinafine (Lamisil AT Cream for Jock Itch, Silka Antifungal Cream, Silka Jock Itch Cream)

Prescription creams include:

• econazole
• ketoconazole (Ketozole)
• luliconazole (Luzu)
• oxiconazole (Oxistat)
• sulconazole (Exelderm)

Applying a cool compress can also help soothe the skin.

If topical treatments don’t work, a doctor may prescribe oral antifungals, such as:

• fluconazole (Diflucan)
• itraconazole (Sporanox)
• terbinafine

Oral medications are typically reserved for recurrent, treatment-resistant, or chronic infections.

Tinea versicolor (pityriasis versicolor)

In tinea versicolor, small oval discolored patches develop on the skin. It’s sometimes called pityriasis versicolor.

This infection is caused by an overgrowth of a fungus called Malassezia. Malassezia is naturally present on the skin of most adults.

The discolored skin patches mostly occur on the back, chest, and upper arms, but they can also affect the scalp. They may look lighter or darker than the rest of the skin and can be red, pink, tan, or brown. On people with darker skin, the patches may appear white. These patches can be itchy, flaky, or scaly.

Tinea versicolor is more likely to appear during the summer or in areas with a warm, wet climate. It’s also common in people who work out or sweat often. The condition can sometimes return following treatment.

How it’s diagnosed

A doctor can diagnose tinea versicolor with a:

• physical examination
• Wood’s lamp examination, in which a healthcare professional uses a handheld blacklight to confirm the presence of fungi or bacteria
• skin lesion biopsy, which involves removing a small skin sample and having it tested in a laboratory
• skin lesion KOH exam

How it’s treated

The standard treatment for tinea versicolor is topical products such as soaps, creams, lotions, and shampoos. Ingredients to look for include:

• ketoconazole, found in products such as prescription-strength shampoo and Extina foam
• pyrithione zinc, found in products such as Vanicream Z-Bar Medicated Cleansing Bar, Vanicream Dandruff Shampoo, and Selsun blue Itchy Dry Scalp Antidandruff Shampoo
• selenium sulfide, found in products such as Selsun blue Moisturizing Antidandruff Shampoo and Selsun blue Medicated Antidandruff Shampoo

If tinea versicolor returns following treatment, a doctor may recommend you use a medicated cleanser once or twice a month.

Oral medication is rarely needed. A doctor may prescribe a short course of oral antifungals if tinea versicolor is recurrent, treatment-resistant, widespread, severe, or creates thick scales.

They include:

• fluconazole (Diflucan)
• itraconazole (Sporanox)

Athlete’s foot (tinea pedis)

Athlete’s foot affects the skin on your feet, often between your toes. It can also appear on the soles of your feet.

Typical symptoms of athlete’s foot include:

• itching or a burning, stinging sensation between your toes or on the soles
• skin that appears red, scaly, dry, or flaky
• peeling skin
• thickened soles
• cracked or blistered skin
• deep blisters on the soles, in rare cases

In some cases, the infection can also spread to other areas. Examples include the:

• nails, as in onychomycosis
• groin, as in jock itch (tinea cruris)
• hands, as in tinea manuum

How it’s diagnosed

A doctor can diagnose athlete’s foot by observing your symptoms or performing a skin test such as the skin lesion KOH exam.

How it’s treated

You can treat athlete’s foot with a variety of OTC topical products, such as:

• butenafine (Lotrimin Ultra Athlete’s Foot Cream)
• clotrimazole (CareALL Athlete’s Foot Cream, Lotrimin AF Cream for Athlete’s Foot)
• miconazole (Desenex Athlete’s Foot Shake Powder)
• terbinafine (Lamisil AT Cream, Lamisil AT Cream for Athlete’s Foot, Silka Antifungal Cream)
• tolnaftate (Dr. Scholl’s Odor-X Antifungal Spray Powder, Lotrimin AF Athlete’s Foot Daily Prevention Deodorant Powder Spray, Tinactin Athlete’s Foot Cream)

Terbinafine tends to be the fastest-acting of these medications.

If OTC products don’t help clear up athlete’s foot within 2 weeks or so, a doctor may prescribe:

• prescription-strength topical clotrimazole
• sulconazole (Exelderm)

Doctors usually prescribe oral antifungals when the infection is recurrent, causes blisters, or involves the tops of the feet, soles, or heels. They include:

• fluconazole (Diflucan)
• griseofulvin (Fulvicin, Gris-PEG), which is safe for children
• itraconazole (Sporanox)
• terbinafine

Did you know?

Athlete’s foot tends to recur, so it’s important to dry the toes and feet thoroughly after showering or bathing. Use a powder, especially in between the toes.

Onychomycosis

Onychomycosis is a fungal infection of the nails. It can affect the fingernails or the toenails, although infections of the toenails are 7 to 10 times more common.

Symptoms of onychomycosis include nails that:

• have flaky white patches and pits near the top
• are discolored (typically yellow, brown, black, purplish, green, or white)
• are brittle or break easily
• are thick
• are raised or crusty, in the case of toenails

How it’s diagnosed

A doctor will usually take a nail clipping and some subfungal debris and send them off for a periodic acid–Schiff (PAS) stain or culture.

On some occasions, they may perform a skin lesion KOH exam. However, the PAS stains and cultures are more accurate.

How it’s treated

Prescription medications are often required to treat this type of infection. The standard treatment is oral terbinafine. It’s typically prescribed for 6 or 12 weeks, depending on whether you have a fingernail or toenail infection.

Treatment is notoriously tricky due to factors such as prolonged treatment time and the likelihood of recurrence.

Other oral antifungals that may be used include:

• fluconazole (Diflucan)
• griseofulvin (Fulvicin, Gris-PEG), which is safe for children
• itraconazole (Sporanox)

Doctors often prescribe topical antifungals as well. They include:

• ciclopirox (Ciclodan)
• efinaconazole (Jublia)
• tavaborole (Kerydin)

In severe cases, a doctor may remove some or all of an affected nail.

Emerging treatment options include lasers and light therapy. More data on their effectiveness is needed.

Because a rash is a common symptom of most fungal skin infections, they’re often referred to as fungal skin rashes or fungal rashes. Onychomycosis is one of the few fungal skin infections that doesn’t typically cause a rash.

Several factors can increase your risk of getting a fungal skin infection. They include:

• living in a warm or wet environment
• sweating heavily
• not keeping your skin clean and dry
• sharing items such as clothing, shoes, towels, or bedding
• wearing tight clothing or footwear that doesn’t breathe well
• taking part in activities that involve frequent skin-to-skin contact
• coming into contact with animals that may be infected
• having a weakened immune system due to immunosuppressant drugs, cancer treatment, or conditions such as HIV or AIDS

To help prevent a fungal skin infection from developing, try to keep the following tips in mind:

• Be sure to practice good hygiene.
• Do not share clothing, towels, or other personal items.
• Wear clean clothes every day, particularly socks and underwear.
• Choose clothing and shoes that breathe well. Avoid clothing or shoes that are too tight or have a restrictive fit.
• Make sure to dry off properly with a clean and dry towel after showering, bathing, or swimming.
• Wear sandals or flip-flops in locker rooms instead of walking with bare feet.
• Wipe down shared surfaces, such as gym equipment or mats.
• Stay away from animals that have signs of a fungal infection, such as missing fur or frequent scratching.

Fungal skin infections are common.

Although these infections aren’t usually serious, they can cause discomfort and irritation due to itchy or scaly red skin. If not treated, the rash may spread or become more irritated.

Many fungal skin infections eventually improve in response to OTC fungal treatments. However, call a doctor or other healthcare professional if you:

• have a fungal skin infection that does not improve, gets worse, or returns after OTC treatment
• notice patches of hair loss along with itchiness or scaly skin
• have a weakened immune system and suspect a fungal infection
• have diabetes and think you have athlete’s foot or onychomycosis

If you are immunocompromised or have diabetes, an untreated infection can lead to cellulitis or systemic infection.

Also, call a doctor or other healthcare professional if you have an infection that does not improve with OTC medications. You may need a prescription for more effective treatment.

Candida infection of the skin Information | Mount Sinai

Skin infection – fungal; Fungal infection – skin; Skin infection – yeast; Yeast infection – skin; Intertriginous candidiasis; Cutaneous candidiasis

Candida infection of the skin is a yeast infection of the skin. The medical name of the condition is cutaneous candidiasis.

This microscopic film shows a fluorescent stain of Candida. Candida is a yeast (fungus) that causes mild disease, but in immunocompromised individuals it may cause life-threatening illness. (Image courtesy of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.)

This child has a large rash caused by candidiasis, affecting the skin around the mouth. There are also other lesions that aren’t connected to the large lesion, called satellite lesions.

Fungal infections are caused by microscopic organisms (fungi) that can live on the skin. They can live on the dead tissues of the hair, nails, and outer skin layers.

Causes

The body normally hosts a variety of germs, including bacteria and fungi. Some of these are useful to the body, some produce no harm or benefit, and some can cause harmful infections.

Some fungal infections are caused by fungi that often live on the hair, nails, and outer skin layers. They include yeast-like fungi such as candida. Sometimes, these yeast penetrate beneath the surface of the skin and cause infection.

In cutaneous candidiasis, the skin is infected with candida fungi. This type of infection is fairly common. It can involve almost any skin on the body, but most often it occurs in warm, moist, creased areas such as the armpits and groin. The fungus that most often causes cutaneous candidiasis is Candida albicans.

Candida is the most common cause of diaper rash in infants. The fungi take advantage of the warm, moist conditions inside the diaper. Candida infection is also particularly common in people with diabetes and in those who are obese. Antibiotics, steroid therapy, and chemotherapy increase the risk of cutaneous candidiasis. Candida can also cause infections of the nails, edges of the nails, and corners of the mouth.

Oral thrush, a form of candida infection of the moist lining of the mouth, usually occurs when people take antibiotics though only a small number of people who take antibiotics get thrush. It may also be a sign of an HIV infection or other weakened immune system disorders when it occurs in adults. Individuals with candida infections are not usually contagious, though in some settings people with weakened immune systems may catch the infection. When it occurs in the mouth or vagina, it is sometimes called mucocutaneous candidiasis.

Candida is also the most frequent cause of vaginal yeast infections. These infections are common and often occur with antibiotic use.

Symptoms

Candida infection of the skin can cause intense itching.

Symptoms also include:

• Red, growing skin rash
• Rash on the skin folds, genitals, middle of the body, buttocks, under the breasts, and other areas of skin
• Infection of the hair follicles that may look like pimples

Exams and Tests

Your health care provider can usually diagnose this condition by looking at your skin. Your provider may gently scrape off a sample of skin for testing.

Older children and adults with a yeast skin infection should be tested for diabetes. High sugar levels, seen in people with diabetes, act as food for the yeast fungus and help it grow.

Treatment

Good general health and hygiene are very important for treating candida infections of the skin. Keeping the skin dry and exposed to air is helpful. Drying (absorbent) powders may help prevent fungal infections.

Losing weight may help eliminate the problem if you are overweight.

Proper blood sugar control may also be helpful to those with diabetes.

Antifungal skin creams, ointments, or powders may be used to treat a yeast infection of the skin, mouth, or vagina. You may need to take antifungal medicine by mouth for severe candida infections in the mouth, throat, or vagina.

Outlook (Prognosis)

Cutaneous candidiasis often goes away with treatment, especially if the underlying cause is corrected. Repeat infections are common.

Possible Complications

These complications may occur:

• Infection of the nails may cause the nails to become oddly shaped and may cause an infection around the nail.
• Candida skin infections may return.
• Widespread candidiasis may occur in people with weakened immune systems.

When to Contact a Medical Professional

Contact your provider if you develop symptoms of cutaneous candidiasis.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website. Fungal diseases: candidiasis. www.cdc.gov/fungal/diseases/candidiasis/index.html. Updated June 28, 2022. Accessed January 3, 2023.

James WD, Elston DM, Treat JR, Rosenbach MA, Neuhaus IM. Diseases resulting from fungi and yeasts. In: James WD, Elston DM, Treat JR, Rosenbach MA, Neuhaus IM, eds. Andrews’ Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology. 13th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 15.

Lionakis MS, Edwards JE. Candida species. In: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, eds. Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett’s Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 256.

Last reviewed on: 12/4/2022

Reviewed by: Jatin M. Vyas, MD, PhD, Associate Professor in Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Associate in Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA. Also reviewed by David C. Dugdale, MD, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team.

What fungus looks like on the human body Photo

Contents

• Forms of fungal infection
• Rubromycosis
• Microsporia
• Trichophytosis
• Ringworm

900 05 Candidiasis

• Seborrheic dermatitis
• Methods of treatment

Fungal diseases have been studied for a long time . Today, this type of pathology ranks first in prevalence . Infectious diseases of this nature are directly related to the state of the immune system. It should also be said that most people are not even aware of how the infection appears and what needs to be done to prevent infection. This situation leads to the fact that seeking help from a specialist occurs only when the disease becomes severe.

There are a lot of varieties of fungi that can parasitize on the human body

Forms of fungal infection

Fungal diseases of the skin are quite common. Infection most often affects the skin, nail plates, mucous membranes and even internal organs. The reason for the appearance of such problems, speaks of the activity of fungi, which may belong to different families.

1. Thus, the families “Microsporum”, “Trichophytia” and “Epidermophytosis” are responsible for the appearance of various types of lesions of the skin, hair and nail plates. Today, these families of fungi are the most common.
2. Candida family – affects not only the skin, but also the mucous membranes. The activity of microorganisms can be observed not only on the surface of the body, but also inside. The development of infection is accompanied by the appearance of local and systemic candidiasis.
3. The Malassezia Furfur family is active only in the upper layers of the dermis, at the locations of the hair follicles. Such a fungus often provokes the development of pathologies from the group of keratomycosis.
4. The family of mold fungi, which includes: Mucor, Tamnidium, Rhizopus, Sclerotinia, Penicillium, Asspergyl, Cladosporium and Alternaria most often provoke skin and nail lesions.

Diseases such as dermatomycosis are quite common, since the above families of fungal infections are found almost everywhere. This form of infection has a key feature, which is the ability to absorb keratin. This type of infection lives on animal hair and human hair, certain types of fungi can be in the soil for a long time.

In medicine, fungal diseases are called mycosis, and they are characterized as a separate group of skin diseases caused by pathogenic fungi. The reason for the appearance of this pathology lies in the activity of microorganisms from the genus “Red Trichophyton”. This type of infection got its name because the skin on which the microorganisms are located turns red.

The development of the disease leads to damage to the skin of the feet, the spaces between the fingers and toes, as well as the nail plates. In severe forms of the disease, the symptoms of pathology can appear on the body, in places of large folds of the body, in the face and scalp. In most cases, infection occurs during visits to pools or baths. The disease is highly contagious and can be transmitted to all people who have been in close contact with the patient.

A strong decrease in the protective functions of the body, neglect of the rules of hygiene only increase the likelihood of the onset of the disease.

The disease has an erythematosquamous and follicular-nodular form. With the erythematosquamous form of pathology, large spots form on the patient’s body. As the disease progresses, vesicles and papules form on the lesions. There is an increase in individual elements of the vascular system, which leads to a strong reddening of the damaged skin. Small scales appear on problem areas.

In the future, the affected area becomes covered with a brown crust. Healthy areas have clear boundaries with the damaged area, which may also contain neoplasms. The follicular-nodular form of pathology is a complication of the erythematosquamous form of rubrophytia. This form of the disease appears only against the background of a long-term absence of proper therapy.

Microsporia

Speaking about how the fungus looks like on the skin, one cannot help but single out such a pathology as microsporia. This disease is transmitted from animals with trichophytosis. In just five percent of cases, the disease can be passed from one person to another. This family of fungal infection has an increased resistance to aggressive environments. They can be on the body of pets for many years.

The disease most often manifests itself in children, as they are more likely to be in contact with animals. Pathology affects the hair and in rare cases manifests itself in open areas of the skin. In the initial form of the disease, small spots appear on the patient’s body, which have a round shape. As the disease progresses, vesicles and crusts appear on the border of damaged skin and healthy areas, which rise several millimeters above the surface of the skin. The stain itself begins to peel off strongly.

Microsporia in most cases has one focus of inflammation. In complicated forms of the disease, several spots may appear, the diameter of which does not exceed two centimeters. The development of the disease leads to the fact that the foci gradually merge, forming one large spot.

Mycosis affects the skin, hair, nails and some internal organs

Trichophytosis

This pathology is caused by a fungus from the genus of the same name. This type of microorganism lives on the skin of humans, rodents and some types of cattle. The disease has seasonal outbreaks, and is most often recorded in the autumn months. Lesions form on open areas of the body. Experts say that the disease is extremely contagious, which makes the patient and his household items the spreaders of the infection.

Fungal lesions of the skin in this pathology are expressed in the appearance of red spots. The borders of the affected area are severely inflamed. There are several forms of this pathology, each of which has characteristic features.

Lichen

One of the most common diseases caused by fungal activity is lichen versicolor. Most often, the disease occurs in people under the age of thirty years. The microorganisms responsible for this disease inhabit the upper layers of the skin. In the presence of certain factors, fungal colonies increase in size, which causes the onset of the disease. Experts say that problems with the work of the intestines and stomach, problems of an endocrine nature and a decrease in immunity can act as a pathogen.

Symptoms of the disease appear in various parts of the body. With a mild form of the disease, lichen spots form in the abdomen. With complications, the spots can spread to the limbs, head and groin. Neoplasms that look like pink spots constantly peel off, which causes a feeling of discomfort. The development of pathology can lead to the fact that the spots change their color or merge into one large spot.

Candidiasis

Candidiasis is a fungal infection of the skin, where fungi from the Candida family act as the causative agent. This family is widely distributed on human skin. They inhabit it constantly, literally from the moment of birth. The development of the disease is observed against the background of a strong decrease in the quality of the immune system or with prolonged use of antibiotics.

Candidiasis most often manifests itself in the place of natural skin folds. The development of the disease leads to the fact that the lesions spread throughout the body. In rare cases, symptoms of candidiasis can be observed on the surface of the palms and feet. Quite often, symptoms of pathology are observed in newborns. The disease is especially dangerous for patients with diabetes mellitus. In such a situation, candidiasis has a long course and often returns in the form of relapses.

The initial stages of the formation of candidiasis are accompanied by the appearance of small reddening, on which a rash forms. As the pathology develops, the rash spreads to all parts of the body. In place of small pimples, deep cracks form. The boundaries of the damaged areas of the skin are clearly defined and can be covered with thin scales.

In the vast majority of cases, 50% of patients presenting to hospitals with skin diseases have a fungal infection

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Seborrheic form of dermatitis

This form of the disease is caused by fungi belonging to the genus “Malassesia Furfur”. In order to understand what the disease looks like, we recommend that you familiarize yourself with the photo of the fungus on the human body. Quite interesting is the fact that different types of fungus from this family manifest themselves differently on the skin. The causative agent of the disease accumulates in those parts of the body where there are accumulations of subcutaneous fat. It is this product that microorganisms use in the process of life.

Methods of treatment

The treatment of fungal diseases is complicated by a strong decrease in the quality of the immune system. For the treatment of the above pathologies, medicines are used that have the property of blocking the ability of microorganisms to reproduce and neutralizing their activity. Some of these medicines are completely synthetic, others are made on the basis of herbal ingredients. For the treatment of diseases, both medicines with a narrow and a wide range of therapeutic effects can be used.

The choice of medicines, dosages and course of administration is made by a specialist based on the diagnosis, tests performed and the severity of symptoms. Only considering these nuances, it is possible to draw up a competent course of therapy. Comprehensive treatment of skin fungus involves the following action:

1. Taking oral medications and using external agents with antifungal activity.
2. Relief of symptoms that cause discomfort.
3. Use of special means for processing the premises where the patient is located and his personal belongings.

Considering what the fungus looks like on the skin of the body, photos and treatment of diseases, we need to talk about which drugs help best. For the treatment of skin pathologies, agents are used in the form of creams, aerosols, lotions and ointments.

In order to eliminate puffiness, damage to the integrity of the skin, increased humidity and to prevent re-infection, medications belonging to the group of corticosteroids and antibiotics are used. Such medicines as “Lotriderm”, “Mikozolon” and “Triderm” are especially popular. The last remedy is made in the form of a cream and ointment, which allows the treatment of diseases of a different nature. The combination of these forms of medicines can only enhance the beneficial effect.

The appearance of an infectious fungus on the skin of a person gives him many problems, the main of which is the deterioration of the appearance of the skin

After acute inflammatory processes are eliminated, it will be necessary to use drugs that have the ability to stop the growth and reproduction of the infection. Along with them, medicines are used that penetrate the fungal membrane and destroy it from the inside. These drugs include: “Clotrimazole”, “Naftifin”, “Undecin” and “Octitsilom”.

After the cause of the disease has been eliminated, it is recommended to take a course of prevention, consisting of taking vitamins and medications aimed at normalizing metabolism and increasing the quality of immunity. In addition, a special diet is recommended for a long time after treatment. >

Fungal lesions of the skin are united by one name – dermatomycosis. The main pathogens are trichophyton, epidermophyton, microsporum, some yeast-like fungi. You can get infected with them in public places (pool, sauna), through contact with a sick person or animal, soil contaminated with fungi. In some cases, “own” fungi are activated, which usually live asymptomatically on the skin.

treatment of skin on the fold with ointment and other means

Contents

• How to identify the problem
• Therapy of fungal diseases
• Treatment of fungus with folk remedies
• Dermatitis and eczema – the difference from fungal lesions of the skin
• Mycotic eczema 900 06

The skin is a natural barrier that can protect a person from encroachment harmful microorganisms and bacteria. When the epidermis is damaged, the protective function of the body decreases, the risk of developing many diseases increases. Skin fungus is one such disease. The disease can manifest itself on any part of the body, including the elbows.

Fungus on the elbows changes the physical and emotional state of a person. Rashes and redness look repulsive, lead to nervousness and irritability. Do not forget about the daily quality care of this part of the body. Microcracks, scratches, wounds provoke the formation of fungus on the elbows.

How to identify the problem

The initial stage of the infection does not allow self-identification of the fungus. Too dry skin is of little concern to a person. This is attributed to a lack of fluid in the body, dry air in the room, and other factors not related to health. At the first signs of the disease, the epidermis at the bend of the elbow thickens and cracks.

Infection is determined by the following indicators:

• Unbearable constant itching.
• Discoloration of the skin of the elbows.
• Dry skin.
• Separation of the upper layer of the epidermis in the form of small dead particles.
• Eruptions on the elbow.

Damaged skin of the elbow is not able to withstand the effects of microorganisms – carriers of the infection. Leaning on bent arms in catering, medical institutions, in baths, swimming pools and other public places, a person is able to bring a fungus into the damaged epidermis.

But damaged elbow skin is not the only cause of infection. The disease is caused by a combination of several factors, which stand out:

• Hormonal disorders.
• Endocrinological diseases.
• Acute infectious diseases.
• Disorders of the gastrointestinal tract.
• Allergen reaction.
• Psychosomatic disorders.

Methods for diagnosing fungal diseases on the elbows

Diagnosis will help determine the type of fungus pathogen and conduct the correct therapy. The variety of types of mycotic infections requires a clear diagnosis, since antimycotic drugs act against a specific infectious agent, remaining useless in the fight against other microorganisms.

The main methods for diagnosing a fungal disease include:

1. Visual examination of the elbows, which involves the use of specialized medical equipment (Wood’s lamp).
2. Laboratory examination of blood samples, which involves the performance of a biochemical analysis, or an analysis that identifies the type of pathogen.
3. Laboratory study of epidermal cells.

Therapy of fungal diseases

Regardless of the cause of the fungus on the elbows, treatment involves a set of therapeutic measures. Identification of the primary disease that contributes to the development of mycotic disease is the fundamental principle of therapy. It is impossible to get rid of only the visible manifestations of the fungus without eliminating the primary problem. How to treat a fungus in your particular situation – a dermatologist will help determine.

Treatment includes the following steps. Let’s look at them in detail.

Diagnosis of the disease

To make a diagnosis, you need to contact a dermatologist who will conduct an initial examination and prescribe the necessary laboratory tests. Self-treatment will only harm the human body. Clearly formulated symptoms of malaise will help the doctor to reliably diagnose the disease. Listening to complaints and studying the patient’s history, the doctor builds the initial tactics of therapy.

Medication stage

After the diagnosis is made, the doctor prescribes medication. In the case of early diagnosis of mycosis on the elbows, it is possible to use only topical agents. These are all kinds of creams, ointments, gels containing miconazole, clotrimazole, isoconazole.

The cream is most convenient in the treatment of fungus: it is quickly absorbed, leaves no residue, moisturizes and nourishes the dermis on the fold. The ointment has a more oily base, it is absorbed longer. The moisturizing effect of the gels is minimal. The structure of the gel creates an invisible film on the affected area, as a result of which the person experiences discomfort.

Complex therapy, along with the use of creams and ointments, includes the use of drugs. Once in the human body, they affect the fungus at the cellular level, destroying it in the bud. The speed of action of the tablets is lower than the effect of topical agents, but the use of only external agents in the treatment of the disease does not lead to complete recovery. Among the drugs that affect the fungal infection, fluconazole, nizoral, lamisil, forkan stand out.

Preventive measures

Treatment of mycosis on the elbows will not bring the desired result if you violate the simple rules for the prevention of this disease:

1. Thorough hand hygiene. Daily use of a cream to soften the skin of the hands will help to avoid the appearance of cracks and wounds. Cleanse your hands with products without fragrances and parabens.
2. Compliance with hygiene rules when visiting swimming pools, baths, saunas. The use of individual shoes, washcloths, towels will help to avoid infection.
3. Change in eating behavior. Exclude fatty and spicy foods from the diet, the impact of which can provoke the disease.
4. Strengthen the immune system. Taking multivitamins, including vegetables and fruits in the diet will help strengthen the immune functions of the body, protect against disease.

How to treat mycosis – only a doctor determines. Medicines for such diseases are toxic, self-administration can cause great harm to the body, and the underlying disease will go into an advanced phase of the disease!

Treatment of fungus with folk remedies

Drug treatment of mycosis on the elbows can be supplemented with traditional medicine methods. Herbal decoctions, lotions, rubbing will help relieve itching, redness, relieve peeling of the upper layer of the epidermis. Decoctions of chamomile, calendula, plantain have an antibacterial, aseptic and soothing effect. The use of a decoction is possible in the form of baths or lotions. Crushed calendula leaves will relieve itching and redness, and aloe juice will have a wound-healing effect.

With all the positive effects of herbs on the human body, relying only on traditional medicine in the treatment of mycosis on the skin is not worth it. This will not completely cure the fungus, but you can aggravate the situation.

Dermatitis and eczema – unlike fungal infections of the skin

Dermatitis is a form of skin diseases of a non-infectious nature. Skin dermatitis in its manifestations is similar to mycosis. The skin looks reddened, itching and rash may appear. Skin dermatitis is not contagious. This is an acquired disease, the occurrence of which is associated with exposure to an allergen. Dermatitis quickly responds to treatment with antihistamines, redness and rash formed on the elbows under the influence of the allergen disappear.

Eczema is characterized by profuse rashes, itching and flaking. Pustules and blisters appear on the elbows, which burst on their own and form a crust. Eczema is a chronic disease. Exposure to the allergen causes a new attack of the disease.

Mycotic eczema

Mycotic eczema is caused by a fungal allergen. The surface of the epidermis on the elbows begins to become covered with water bubbles and pustules. New lesions are formed when fluid from the eczema-affected area enters the skin. In this way, mycotic eczema spreads throughout the body.

The treatment of fungal eczema is similar to the treatment of mycotic skin lesions. The therapy combines the use of creams and ointments along with pills. A solution of boric acid is widely used in the treatment of eczema, which lubricates the affected areas of the skin on the elbows. The use of antimycotic drugs for fungal eczema should be accompanied by the simultaneous use of antiallergic drugs.

Mycosis is a serious disease, the causes of which may lie in endocrine and hormonal disorders of the body.