What are the main types of hemorrhoids. How can you identify internal and external hemorrhoids. What causes hemorrhoids to develop. What are the most effective treatments for hemorrhoids. When should you see a doctor about hemorrhoid symptoms.

Understanding Hemorrhoids: Types and Characteristics

Hemorrhoids are swollen veins located in the lower rectum and anus. They occur when the walls of these blood vessels stretch thin, causing the veins to bulge and become irritated. Hemorrhoids are a common cause of rectal bleeding and discomfort, but they often resolve on their own or with simple treatments.

There are two main types of hemorrhoids:

• Internal hemorrhoids: Located inside the rectum
• External hemorrhoids: Found under the skin around the anus

Internal Hemorrhoids

Internal hemorrhoids are typically painless due to the lack of pain-sensing nerves in the rectum. However, they can cause discomfort and bleeding. In some cases, internal hemorrhoids may prolapse, meaning they push through the anal opening.

External Hemorrhoids

External hemorrhoids are more likely to cause pain and discomfort due to the abundance of pain-sensing nerves in the area. They can also bleed and become itchy or swollen.

Recognizing Hemorrhoid Symptoms: What to Look Out For

Hemorrhoid symptoms can vary depending on the type and severity of the condition. Understanding these symptoms can help you identify the problem and seek appropriate treatment.

Symptoms of Internal Hemorrhoids

Common signs of internal hemorrhoids include:

• Blood on stool, toilet paper, or in the toilet bowl
• Tissue bulging outside the anal opening (prolapse)
• Mild discomfort or pain during bowel movements

Symptoms of External Hemorrhoids

External hemorrhoids often present with the following symptoms:

• Pain or discomfort around the anus
• Bleeding during bowel movements
• Itching or irritation in the anal area
• Swelling around the anus

Do thrombosed hemorrhoids have distinct symptoms? Yes, thrombosed hemorrhoids, which occur when a blood clot forms in an external hemorrhoid, can cause severe pain, itching, and bleeding. The affected area may appear purple or blue due to the clot.

Causes and Risk Factors: Why Do Hemorrhoids Develop?

Hemorrhoids develop when there is increased pressure in the lower rectum. This pressure can affect blood flow and cause the veins to swell. Several factors can contribute to the development of hemorrhoids:

• Straining during bowel movements
• Chronic constipation or diarrhea
• Prolonged sitting or standing
• Obesity
• Pregnancy
• Low-fiber diet
• Heavy lifting
• Anal intercourse

Is there a genetic component to hemorrhoids? While not definitively proven, there is evidence to suggest that hemorrhoids may have a genetic component. If your parents experienced hemorrhoids, you may be at a higher risk of developing them as well.

Diagnosing Hemorrhoids: Medical Examinations and Tests

If you suspect you have hemorrhoids, it’s important to consult a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis. Your doctor will typically perform the following examinations:

1. Medical history review: Your doctor will ask about your symptoms and family history.
2. Physical examination: A visual inspection of the anal area to check for external hemorrhoids.
3. Digital rectal exam: Your doctor will insert a gloved, lubricated finger into the rectum to feel for abnormalities.

In some cases, additional tests may be necessary to diagnose internal hemorrhoids or rule out other conditions:

• Anoscopy: A short plastic tube is inserted into the anal canal for visual inspection.
• Sigmoidoscopy: A flexible lighted tube is used to examine the lower colon.
• Colonoscopy: A long, flexible tube is used to examine the entire large intestine.

Effective Hemorrhoid Treatments: From Home Remedies to Surgical Options

The treatment approach for hemorrhoids depends on the severity of symptoms. Many cases can be managed with simple home remedies and lifestyle changes, while more severe cases may require medical intervention.

Home Remedies and Lifestyle Changes

For mild hemorrhoid symptoms, try these self-care measures:

• Increase fiber intake through diet or supplements
• Stay hydrated to soften stools
• Avoid straining during bowel movements
• Take warm sitz baths for 20 minutes, several times a day
• Apply ice packs to reduce pain and swelling

Over-the-Counter Treatments

Various over-the-counter products can help alleviate hemorrhoid symptoms:

• Creams and ointments containing hydrocortisone
• Hemorrhoid suppositories
• Witch hazel pads
• Pain relievers such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen

Medical Procedures

For more severe or persistent hemorrhoids, your doctor may recommend one of the following procedures:

• Rubber band ligation: Tiny rubber bands are placed around the base of internal hemorrhoids to cut off blood supply.
• Sclerotherapy: A chemical solution is injected into hemorrhoids to shrink them.
• Infrared coagulation: Infrared light is used to create scar tissue, cutting off blood supply to hemorrhoids.
• Hemorrhoidectomy: Surgical removal of large or severe hemorrhoids.

Preventing Hemorrhoids: Lifestyle Tips for Long-Term Relief

While hemorrhoids can’t always be prevented, certain lifestyle changes can reduce your risk of developing them or experiencing recurrences:

• Eat a high-fiber diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains
• Stay hydrated by drinking plenty of water
• Exercise regularly to promote healthy bowel function
• Avoid prolonged sitting or standing
• Use the bathroom as soon as you feel the urge
• Practice good hygiene, but avoid excessive wiping

Can dietary changes significantly reduce the risk of hemorrhoids? Yes, increasing your fiber intake and staying hydrated can soften stools and reduce straining during bowel movements, which is a major contributor to hemorrhoid development.

Complications of Hemorrhoids: When to Seek Medical Attention

While hemorrhoids are generally not dangerous, they can lead to complications in some cases. It’s important to be aware of potential issues and know when to seek medical help.

Potential Complications

• Anemia: Chronic bleeding from hemorrhoids can lead to iron-deficiency anemia.
• Infection: External hemorrhoids can become infected if they develop sores.
• Strangulated hemorrhoid: When the blood supply to an internal hemorrhoid is cut off, causing severe pain.
• Skin tags: After a thrombosed hemorrhoid dissolves, it may leave behind a small piece of skin that can become irritated.

When should you see a doctor about hemorrhoid symptoms? Consult a healthcare professional if:

• Symptoms persist for more than a week despite home treatments
• You experience persistent or severe rectal bleeding
• You have severe pain or discomfort
• You develop a fever along with hemorrhoid symptoms

Living with Hemorrhoids: Coping Strategies and Quality of Life

Dealing with hemorrhoids can be challenging, but there are ways to manage symptoms and improve your quality of life:

• Use soft, moistened toilet paper or wipes to reduce irritation
• Wear loose-fitting, breathable clothing to minimize friction
• Apply cold compresses or take sitz baths for pain relief
• Practice stress-reduction techniques, as stress can exacerbate symptoms
• Consider using a donut-shaped cushion when sitting for long periods

How can you manage hemorrhoid discomfort during pregnancy? Pregnant women can try these strategies:

• Sleep on your left side to reduce pressure on the rectal veins
• Do Kegel exercises to improve circulation in the rectal area
• Use pregnancy-safe hemorrhoid creams (consult your healthcare provider)
• Stay active with pregnancy-approved exercises

By understanding the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for hemorrhoids, you can take proactive steps to manage this common condition. Remember that while hemorrhoids can be uncomfortable, they are usually not serious and can be effectively treated with a combination of home remedies, lifestyle changes, and medical interventions when necessary. If you experience persistent or severe symptoms, don’t hesitate to consult a healthcare professional for personalized advice and treatment.

Hemorrhoids (Internal & External): Pictures, Symptoms, Causes, Treatment

Written by WebMD Editorial Contributors

• What Are Hemorrhoids?
• Symptoms of Hemorrhoids
• Causes and Risk Factors of Hemorrhoids
• Hemorrhoids Diagnosis
• Hemorrhoids Treatment
• Hemorrhoids Complications
• Hemorrhoids Prevention
• More

Hemorrhoids are swollen veins in the lowest part of your rectum and anus. Sometimes, the walls of these blood vessels stretch so thin that the veins bulge and get irritated, especially when you poop. Hemorrhoids are also called piles.

Hemorrhoids are one of the most common causes of rectal bleeding. They often go away on their own. Treatments can also help.

Internal hemorrhoids

Internal hemorrhoids are so far inside your rectum that you can’t usually see or feel them. They don’t generally hurt because you have few pain-sensing nerves there. Symptoms of internal hemorrhoids include:

• Blood on your poop, on toilet paper after you wipe, or in the toilet bowl
• Tissue that bulges outside your anal opening (prolapse). This may hurt, often when you poop. You might be able to see prolapsed hemorrhoids as moist bumps that are pinker than the surrounding area. These usually go back inside on their own. Even if they don’t, they can often be gently pushed back into place.

External hemorrhoids

External hemorrhoids are under the skin around your anus, where there are many more pain-sensing nerves. Symptoms of external hemorrhoids include:

• Pain
• Bleeding
• Itching
• Swelling

Thrombosed hemorrhoids

A blood clot can turn an external hemorrhoid purple or blue. This is called a thrombosis or a thrombosed hemorrhoid. You may notice symptoms like:

• Severe pain
• Itching
• Bleeding

When to call your doctor

Hemorrhoids are rarely dangerous. If the symptoms don’t go away in a week or if you have bleeding, see your doctor to make sure you don’t have a more serious condition.

You may be more likely to get hemorrhoids if other family members, like your parents, had them.

Pressure building up in your lower rectum can affect blood flow and make the veins there swell. That may happen from:

• Pushing during bowel movements
• Straining when you do something that’s physically hard, like lifting something heavy
• Extra weight, like obesity
• Pregnancy, when your growing uterus presses on your veins
• A diet low in fiber
• Anal sex

People who stand or sit for long stretches of time are at greater risk, too.

You may get them when you have constipation or diarrhea that doesn’t clear up. Coughing, sneezing, and vomiting could make them worse.

Your doctor will ask about your medical history and symptoms. They’ll probably need to do one or both of these examinations:

• Physical exam. Your doctor will look at your anus and rectum to check for lumps, swelling, irritation, or other problems.
• Digital rectal exam. Your doctor will put on gloves, apply lubrication, and insert a finger into your rectum to check muscle tone and feel for tenderness, lumps, or other problems.

To diagnose internal hemorrhoids or rule out other conditions, you might need a more thorough test, including:

• Anoscopy. Your doctor uses a short plastic tube called an anoscope to look into your anal canal.
• Sigmoidoscopy. Your doctor looks into your lower colon with a flexible lighted tube called a sigmoidoscope. They can also use the tube to take a bit of tissue for tests.
• Colonoscopy. Your doctor looks at all of your large intestine with a long, flexible tube called a colonoscope. They can also take tissue samples or treat other problems they find.

Hemorrhoid symptoms usually go away on their own. Your doctor’s treatment plan will depend on how severe your symptoms are.

• Home remedies. Simple lifestyle changes can often relieve mild hemorrhoid symptoms within 2 to 7 days. Add fiber to your diet with over-the counter supplements and foods like fruit, vegetables, and grains. Try not to strain during bowel movements; drinking more water can make it easier to go. Warm sitz baths for 20 minutes several times a day may also make you feel better. Ice packs can ease pain and swelling.
• Nonsurgical treatments. Over-the-counter creams and other medications ease pain, swelling, and itching.
• Surgical treatments. If you have large hemorrhoids, or if other treatments haven’t helped, you might need surgery. Your doctor can use chemicals, lasers, infrared light, or tiny rubber bands to get rid of them. If they’re especially large or keep coming back, your doctor might need to remove them with a sharp tool called a scalpel.

Rarely, hemorrhoids could lead to problems such as:

• Skin tags. When the clot in a thrombosed hemorrhoid dissolves, you may have a bit of skin left over, which could get irritated.
• Anemia. You might lose too much blood if you have a hemorrhoid that lasts a long time and bleeds a lot.
• Infection. Some external hemorrhoids have sores that get infected.
• Strangulated hemorrhoid. Muscles can block the blood flow to a prolapsed hemorrhoid. This may be very painful and need surgery.

To prevent hemorrhoid flare-ups, try these steps:

• Eat fiber. It helps food pass through your system easier. A good way to get it is from plant foods: vegetables, fruits, whole grains, nuts, seeds, beans, and legumes. Aim for 20 to 35 grams of dietary fiber a day.
• Use fiber supplements. Over-the-counter supplements can help soften stool if you don’t get enough fiber from food. Start with a small amount, and slowly use more.
• Drink water. It will help you avoid hard stools and constipation, so you strain less during bowel movements. Fruits and vegetables, which have fiber, also have water in them.
• Exercise. Physical activity, like walking a half-hour every day, keeps your blood and your bowels moving.
• Don’t wait to go. Use the toilet as soon as you feel the urge.
• Don’t strain during a bowel movement or sit on the toilet for long periods. This puts more pressure on your veins.
• Keep a healthy weight.

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Hemorrhoids (Internal & External): Pictures, Symptoms, Causes, Treatment

Written by WebMD Editorial Contributors

• What Are Hemorrhoids?
• Symptoms of Hemorrhoids
• Causes and Risk Factors of Hemorrhoids
• Hemorrhoids Diagnosis
• Hemorrhoids Treatment
• Hemorrhoids Complications
• Hemorrhoids Prevention
• More

Hemorrhoids are swollen veins in the lowest part of your rectum and anus. Sometimes, the walls of these blood vessels stretch so thin that the veins bulge and get irritated, especially when you poop. Hemorrhoids are also called piles.

Hemorrhoids are one of the most common causes of rectal bleeding. They often go away on their own. Treatments can also help.

Internal hemorrhoids

Internal hemorrhoids are so far inside your rectum that you can’t usually see or feel them. They don’t generally hurt because you have few pain-sensing nerves there. Symptoms of internal hemorrhoids include:

• Blood on your poop, on toilet paper after you wipe, or in the toilet bowl
• Tissue that bulges outside your anal opening (prolapse). This may hurt, often when you poop. You might be able to see prolapsed hemorrhoids as moist bumps that are pinker than the surrounding area. These usually go back inside on their own. Even if they don’t, they can often be gently pushed back into place.

External hemorrhoids

External hemorrhoids are under the skin around your anus, where there are many more pain-sensing nerves. Symptoms of external hemorrhoids include:

• Pain
• Bleeding
• Itching
• Swelling

Thrombosed hemorrhoids

A blood clot can turn an external hemorrhoid purple or blue. This is called a thrombosis or a thrombosed hemorrhoid. You may notice symptoms like:

• Severe pain
• Itching
• Bleeding

When to call your doctor

Hemorrhoids are rarely dangerous. If the symptoms don’t go away in a week or if you have bleeding, see your doctor to make sure you don’t have a more serious condition.

You may be more likely to get hemorrhoids if other family members, like your parents, had them.

Pressure building up in your lower rectum can affect blood flow and make the veins there swell. That may happen from:

• Pushing during bowel movements
• Straining when you do something that’s physically hard, like lifting something heavy
• Extra weight, like obesity
• Pregnancy, when your growing uterus presses on your veins
• A diet low in fiber
• Anal sex

People who stand or sit for long stretches of time are at greater risk, too.

You may get them when you have constipation or diarrhea that doesn’t clear up. Coughing, sneezing, and vomiting could make them worse.

Your doctor will ask about your medical history and symptoms. They’ll probably need to do one or both of these examinations:

• Physical exam. Your doctor will look at your anus and rectum to check for lumps, swelling, irritation, or other problems.
• Digital rectal exam. Your doctor will put on gloves, apply lubrication, and insert a finger into your rectum to check muscle tone and feel for tenderness, lumps, or other problems.

To diagnose internal hemorrhoids or rule out other conditions, you might need a more thorough test, including:

• Anoscopy. Your doctor uses a short plastic tube called an anoscope to look into your anal canal.
• Sigmoidoscopy. Your doctor looks into your lower colon with a flexible lighted tube called a sigmoidoscope. They can also use the tube to take a bit of tissue for tests.
• Colonoscopy. Your doctor looks at all of your large intestine with a long, flexible tube called a colonoscope. They can also take tissue samples or treat other problems they find.

Hemorrhoid symptoms usually go away on their own. Your doctor’s treatment plan will depend on how severe your symptoms are.

• Home remedies. Simple lifestyle changes can often relieve mild hemorrhoid symptoms within 2 to 7 days. Add fiber to your diet with over-the counter supplements and foods like fruit, vegetables, and grains. Try not to strain during bowel movements; drinking more water can make it easier to go. Warm sitz baths for 20 minutes several times a day may also make you feel better. Ice packs can ease pain and swelling.
• Nonsurgical treatments. Over-the-counter creams and other medications ease pain, swelling, and itching.
• Surgical treatments. If you have large hemorrhoids, or if other treatments haven’t helped, you might need surgery. Your doctor can use chemicals, lasers, infrared light, or tiny rubber bands to get rid of them. If they’re especially large or keep coming back, your doctor might need to remove them with a sharp tool called a scalpel.

Rarely, hemorrhoids could lead to problems such as:

• Skin tags. When the clot in a thrombosed hemorrhoid dissolves, you may have a bit of skin left over, which could get irritated.
• Anemia. You might lose too much blood if you have a hemorrhoid that lasts a long time and bleeds a lot.
• Infection. Some external hemorrhoids have sores that get infected.
• Strangulated hemorrhoid. Muscles can block the blood flow to a prolapsed hemorrhoid. This may be very painful and need surgery.

To prevent hemorrhoid flare-ups, try these steps:

• Eat fiber. It helps food pass through your system easier. A good way to get it is from plant foods: vegetables, fruits, whole grains, nuts, seeds, beans, and legumes. Aim for 20 to 35 grams of dietary fiber a day.
• Use fiber supplements. Over-the-counter supplements can help soften stool if you don’t get enough fiber from food. Start with a small amount, and slowly use more.
• Drink water. It will help you avoid hard stools and constipation, so you strain less during bowel movements. Fruits and vegetables, which have fiber, also have water in them.
• Exercise. Physical activity, like walking a half-hour every day, keeps your blood and your bowels moving.
• Don’t wait to go. Use the toilet as soon as you feel the urge.
• Don’t strain during a bowel movement or sit on the toilet for long periods. This puts more pressure on your veins.
• Keep a healthy weight.

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What does the initial stage of hemorrhoids look like

Hemorrhoids – a disease of the rectum, in which there is a pathological expansion of the veins in the anus. The disease is accompanied by unpleasant sensations – pain, bleeding, itching. What hemorrhoids look like depends on the stage of the disease.

If you are concerned about discomfort in the anus, we recommend that you make an appointment with a proctologist to prevent the development of hemorrhoids.

What hemorrhoids look like

Hemorrhoids are varicose veins in the rectal venous vascular plexus in the anus. The disease is diagnosed in 30-40% of the adult population. Almost 80% of women giving birth suffer from this disease.

The disease occurs in the acute and chronic stages, with or without complications. There are external, internal and combined types of pathology, depending on the location of varicose veins.

What internal hemorrhoids look like can only be seen during sigmoidoscopy. This is the initial stage of development of varicose veins of the rectum. With this form of the disease, hemorrhoids are located in the submucosal layer of the rectum, they do not protrude outward, but bleed heavily, since they are covered only by the mucous membrane.

What does an external hemorrhoid look like? With this type of pathology, the bumps are located externally, under the skin of the anus, rarely bleed, because they are covered with skin. The disease often occurs in men 30-60 years old.

What do hemorrhoids look like? These are small nodes under the skin, have a soft structure, are mobile, painful.

What hemorrhoids look like depends on the cause and severity of the pathology. In proctology, 4 consecutive stages of the course of a chronic progressive disease are distinguished.

First stage

What does the initial stage of hemorrhoids look like? At this stage of development, the visible external manifestations of the disease are weakly expressed. The only characteristic symptom is redness of the skin around the anus. Prolapse of hemorrhoidal cones does not occur.

Disturbed by minor spotting, itching, burning, a feeling of moisture, and other unpleasant sensations in the anus. With sigmoidoscopy, you can see an increase in the venous pattern, initial pathological changes in the muscular-ligamentous apparatus.

Second stage

At this stage, anal itching appears, moderate bloody or mucous discharge from the anus. The tissues around the anal canal are very inflamed and edematous.

Hemorrhoids begin to fall out, but they can be set without much difficulty, often the bumps are drawn in on their own. Dystrophic changes in soft tissues are insignificant. Acute pain may occur with prolonged sitting or walking.

Third stage

Dystrophic changes in the ligamentous-muscular apparatus of the rectum progress, the muscle tone of the anal sphincter decreases, the tissues swell greatly. The skin becomes dark red. The nodes increase to 2-2.5 cm, have a well-defined stalk, often fall out, bleed heavily. Discomfort is aggravated by long walking, after bowel movements.

Fourth stage

It is characterized by severe anal bleeding, severe pain in the anus. The nodes are large, bluish in color, often fall out even at rest, it is impossible to set them on their own. Due to strong pathological changes in the tissues of the rectum, fecal incontinence occurs. What hemorrhoids look like from the outside can be seen when examining the rectum.

What not to do with hemorrhoids

With varicose veins of the rectum, it is necessary to follow all the doctor’s recommendations and the rules of prevention in order to avoid exacerbation and progression of the disease.

What not to do with hemorrhoids:

• contraindicated heavy physical activity, heavy lifting;
• horse riding, cycling;
• you can not wear tight underwear, tight trousers;
• sit on cold surfaces;
• visit a bath, sauna, take hot baths, any warming procedures;
• in the fourth stage of the disease, natural delivery is contraindicated, a caesarean section is necessary.

Hemorrhoids often develop during sedentary work. To avoid the development of the disease, you need to do light gymnastics every hour, or just walk around for a few minutes.

Diet for hemorrhoids

With hemorrhoids, proper nutrition is one of the foundations of therapy. How quickly recovery will occur depends on the diet. Often it is dietary errors that lead to an exacerbation of the disease.

The most suitable table is number 3. The basic rules of nutrition are daily calorie content of 2900-3600 kcal, food should not be too hot or cold. Take food at least 5 times a day, serving size up to 300 ml. The ratio of proteins, fats, carbohydrates – 120/110/450 g. The daily amount of liquid – at least 1.5 liters, salt – no more than 10 g.

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