What causes intense menstrual cramps. How can you naturally relieve period pain at home. Which lifestyle changes can help reduce menstrual discomfort. When should you see a doctor for severe cramps.

Understanding the Causes of Menstrual Pain

Menstrual cramps, also known as dysmenorrhea, affect over half of menstruating women. These painful contractions occur when the uterus sheds its lining each month. While some discomfort is normal, severe pain can significantly impact daily life. Understanding the underlying causes is crucial for finding effective relief.

Common Causes of Painful Periods

• Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)
• Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)
• Uterine fibroids
• Ovarian cysts
• Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
• Endometriosis
• Adenomyosis

Are hormonal imbalances contributing to your menstrual pain? PMS and PMDD, which affect 90% and 5% of menstruating women respectively, are linked to fluctuations in estrogen and progesterone levels. These conditions can cause cramping, fatigue, and mood changes in the days leading up to and during menstruation.

Structural issues within the reproductive system can also lead to increased pain. Uterine fibroids, benign growths in the uterine lining, may cause heavy bleeding and cramping. Ovarian cysts, particularly those associated with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), can contribute to menstrual discomfort and irregularities.

In some cases, underlying health conditions are responsible for severe menstrual pain. Endometriosis, where uterine tissue grows outside the uterus, and adenomyosis, where it grows into the uterine muscle wall, can cause intense cramping and heavy bleeding. Pelvic inflammatory disease, often resulting from untreated sexually transmitted infections, may also lead to painful periods.

Natural Remedies to Ease Menstrual Cramps

Fortunately, there are numerous natural ways to alleviate menstrual pain without relying solely on medication. These home remedies can provide relief and improve overall comfort during your period.

Heat Therapy for Pain Relief

Can applying heat really help with menstrual cramps? Yes, heat therapy is one of the most effective and accessible remedies for period pain. Placing a heating pad or hot water bottle on your lower abdomen can help relax the uterine muscles and increase blood flow, reducing cramping and discomfort.

For a portable option, adhesive heat patches can provide targeted relief throughout the day. Alternatively, taking a warm bath can offer full-body relaxation and pain relief.

Herbal Teas and Supplements

Certain herbs have been traditionally used to ease menstrual discomfort. Ginger tea, known for its anti-inflammatory properties, may help reduce pain and bloating. Chamomile tea can provide a calming effect and may help alleviate cramps.

Some women find relief with supplements such as omega-3 fatty acids, magnesium, and vitamin B1. However, it’s important to consult with a healthcare provider before starting any new supplement regimen.

Gentle Exercise and Stretching

While intense workouts may be unappealing during your period, gentle exercise can actually help alleviate cramps. Low-impact activities like walking, swimming, or yoga can improve blood circulation and release endorphins, natural pain-relievers.

Specific yoga poses, such as child’s pose, cat-cow, and reclined bound angle pose, can help stretch the pelvic muscles and provide relief from menstrual discomfort.

Lifestyle Changes to Reduce Menstrual Pain

Making certain adjustments to your daily habits can have a significant impact on the severity of menstrual cramps. These lifestyle changes may help prevent or minimize pain before it starts.

Dietary Modifications

Is your diet affecting your menstrual pain? Certain foods may exacerbate inflammation and worsen cramps. Reducing intake of caffeine, alcohol, and processed foods high in sugar and salt may help alleviate symptoms.

Instead, focus on incorporating anti-inflammatory foods into your diet. Leafy greens, fatty fish rich in omega-3s, and fruits high in antioxidants can help reduce inflammation and potentially ease menstrual discomfort.

Stress Management Techniques

High stress levels can intensify menstrual pain. Incorporating stress-reduction techniques into your routine may help manage cramps more effectively. Consider trying:

• Meditation or mindfulness practices
• Deep breathing exercises
• Progressive muscle relaxation
• Regular exercise
• Adequate sleep

These practices can help lower cortisol levels, reducing overall tension in the body and potentially alleviating menstrual discomfort.

Hydration and Sleep

Staying well-hydrated can help reduce bloating and alleviate cramps. Aim to drink plenty of water throughout the day, especially during your period. Herbal teas can also contribute to your fluid intake while providing additional benefits.

Getting enough quality sleep is crucial for managing pain and regulating hormones. Establish a consistent sleep schedule and create a relaxing bedtime routine to improve your sleep quality during menstruation.

Over-the-Counter Pain Relief Options

When natural remedies aren’t providing sufficient relief, over-the-counter medications can be effective in managing menstrual pain.

NSAIDs for Cramp Relief

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen and naproxen are commonly used to alleviate menstrual cramps. These medications work by reducing the production of prostaglandins, hormone-like substances that cause uterine contractions.

For best results, start taking NSAIDs at the first sign of pain or even before your period begins. Always follow the recommended dosage and consult with a healthcare provider if you have any concerns.

Acetaminophen as an Alternative

For those who cannot take NSAIDs due to stomach sensitivity or other health reasons, acetaminophen (Tylenol) can be an effective alternative. While it doesn’t reduce inflammation like NSAIDs, it can help manage pain and discomfort associated with menstrual cramps.

Alternative Therapies for Menstrual Pain Management

Some women find relief through alternative therapies that address both the physical and emotional aspects of menstrual pain.

Acupuncture and Acupressure

Can acupuncture really help with menstrual cramps? Some studies suggest that acupuncture may be effective in reducing menstrual pain by promoting the release of endorphins and improving blood flow to the uterus.

Acupressure, a technique that involves applying pressure to specific points on the body, can be performed at home. The LI4 point between the thumb and index finger, and the SP6 point on the inner leg above the ankle, are commonly used to alleviate menstrual discomfort.

Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS)

TENS therapy uses low-voltage electrical currents to stimulate nerves and potentially reduce pain signals. Small, portable TENS devices designed specifically for menstrual pain relief are available and can be used at home or on the go.

When to Seek Medical Attention for Menstrual Cramps

While many cases of menstrual pain can be managed at home, there are instances when it’s important to consult a healthcare provider.

Signs That Warrant a Doctor’s Visit

Seek medical attention if you experience:

• Severe pain that interferes with daily activities
• Cramps that last longer than 2-3 days
• Sudden changes in your menstrual pain or cycle
• Heavy bleeding or clots larger than a quarter
• Pain during intercourse
• Fever or other signs of infection

These symptoms may indicate underlying conditions such as endometriosis, fibroids, or pelvic inflammatory disease that require medical treatment.

Diagnostic Procedures and Treatment Options

To determine the cause of severe menstrual pain, your doctor may perform:

• A pelvic exam
• Ultrasound imaging
• Blood tests
• Laparoscopy (in some cases)

Based on the diagnosis, treatment options may include hormonal birth control, prescription pain medications, or in some cases, surgical procedures to address underlying conditions.

Hormonal Treatments for Menstrual Pain

For some women, hormonal treatments can be an effective way to manage severe or persistent menstrual pain.

Birth Control Methods for Pain Management

Hormonal birth control methods such as the pill, patch, or hormonal IUD can help regulate menstrual cycles and reduce the severity of cramps. These methods work by thinning the uterine lining and reducing the production of prostaglandins, which are responsible for uterine contractions.

In some cases, continuous birth control regimens that eliminate periods altogether may be recommended for women with severe menstrual pain.

Hormonal Therapies for Underlying Conditions

For conditions like endometriosis or PCOS, specific hormonal therapies may be prescribed. These can include gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists, which temporarily induce a menopausal state, or progestin-only treatments that can help manage symptoms.

Menstrual pain is a common but manageable condition. By understanding the causes and exploring various treatment options, most women can find effective ways to alleviate discomfort and improve their quality of life during menstruation. Remember to consult with a healthcare provider for personalized advice and treatment, especially if you experience severe or worsening symptoms.

13 ways to stop period cramps

Over half of women who menstruate experience period pain (dysmenorrhea) for one to two days every month. And even though period pain can mean headaches or general discomfort, the pain is typically caused by menstrual cramps.

Menstrual cramps happen when your uterus contracts to shed its lining, also known as the uterine lining. This can cause pain in your stomach, lower back, groin or upper thighs. Previously, we talked about when it makes sense to see a doctor for menstrual cramps. Here, we’ll talk about what might be causing your period pain and offer 13 home remedies you can try to improve it.

What causes period pain?

There can be many reasons for period pain, and if you experience chronic painful periods, it’s only natural to wonder why. Maybe you’re the only woman in your family who gets severe cramps. Maybe your painful periods didn’t start until your 20s. Whatever your situation, a doctor can help you understand why you get painful cramps every month. Some of the most common causes of painful periods are:

PMS (premenstrual syndrome)

Also known as premenstrual syndrome, PMS affects 90% of menstruating women. PMS starts a few days before your period begins and continues into the first day or two of menstruation. Doctors think PMS is caused by estrogen and progesterone levels dipping before the beginning of each period. PMS has many symptoms, including fatigue, irritability and menstrual cramps.

PMDD (premenstrual dysphoric disorder)

Premenstrual dysphoric disorder is a more severe form of PMS that affects about 5% of menstruating women. Doctors aren’t sure what causes PMDD, but women with high levels of stress, depression or a family history of depression are more likely to experience it. Symptoms of PMDD are similar to PMS, but more intense, including more painful cramps.

Fibroids

Uterine fibroids are benign growths that may develop in the lining of the uterus. They can be so small that it’s impossible to see them with the naked eye, or big enough to change the shape of your uterus. They usually appear during childbearing years and often shrink or go away completely after menopause.

Doctors can’t be sure who will develop uterine fibroids, but certain factors can increase one’s risk. These include age, African American ancestry, having a family history of fibroids and being overweight.

Since fibroids grow in the uterine lining, they can cause heavy periods and painful menstrual cramps.

Ovarian cysts

A cyst is a usually harmless sac of fluid that forms in or on your body. Ovarian cysts develop in the ovaries, typically during ovulation. Many women develop at least one small cyst every month that naturally fades. However, some women have multiple or large ovarian cysts which can cause pain or complications. In these cases, medical treatment might be needed to manage the cysts.

Ovarian cysts can also be caused by polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). This is a condition where a hormone imbalance causes many small, harmless cysts to grow in the ovaries. This can cause painful periods, difficulty getting pregnant, insulin resistance and other health concerns. Symptoms of PCOS include irregular periods, excess hair on the face and body, weight gain, difficulty losing weight, acne and thinning hair. A doctor can prescribe treatments to help manage PCOS symptoms.

PID (pelvic inflammatory disease)

When the uterus and ovaries become infected, this is called pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). The infection usually begins when bacteria from a sexually transmitted infection (STI) makes its way to the reproductive organs. PID can also happen following a surgical procedure. While many women experience no symptoms of PID, it can cause painful cramps for some people.

Endometriosis

The uterine lining, also known as the endometrium, grows inside the uterus. But if you have endometriosis, your endometrium grows outside the uterus, usually in other parts of your reproductive organs like the ovaries or fallopian tubes. When your body tries to shed uterine tissue during your period, the endometrium growing outside the uterus has nowhere to go. It can become trapped in the body. This can cause painful cramps, heavy bleeding, irritation and inflammation. With advances in medicine, most cases of endometriosis can be well managed with medications and procedures.

Adenomyosis

Adenomyosis is a treatable condition where the endometrium grows into the muscle wall of the uterus. The endometrium can affect the entire uterus muscle, but it usually affects one spot. Adenomyosis is a manageable condition, but it can cause severe cramps. Doctors aren’t sure exactly what causes adenomyosis, but women who’ve had children or undergone uterine surgery have a higher risk of developing it.

13 things that may help with period cramps

Dealing with menstrual cramps every month can be as frustrating as it is painful. The good news is there are many remedies that might help you relieve period cramps. It’s important to remember that these techniques won’t always work, especially for chronic conditions, but they can offer relief for mild to moderate period pain.

1. Drink more water to reduce bloating

Bloating can cause discomfort and make menstrual cramps worse. While it may sound counterintuitive, drinking water can reduce bloating during your period and alleviate some of the pain it causes. Also, drinking hot water can increase blood flow throughout your body and relax your muscles. This can lessen cramps caused by uterine contractions.

2. Enjoy herbal teas to relieve inflammation and muscle spasms

Certain types of herbal tea have anti-inflammatory properties and antispasmodic compounds that can reduce the muscle spasms in the uterus that cause cramping. Drinking chamomile, fennel or ginger tea is an easy, natural way to relieve menstrual cramps. Plus, these herbal teas can have other benefits, like stress relief and helping with insomnia.

3. Eat anti-inflammatory foods to relax menstrual cramps

Some foods can offer natural relief for cramps, and they taste great. Anti-inflammatory foods can help promote blood flow and relax your uterus. Try eating berries, tomatoes, pineapples and spices like turmeric, ginger or garlic. Leafy green vegetables, almonds, walnuts and fatty fish, like salmon, can also help reduce inflammation.

4. Skip the treats to avoid extra bloating

While a brownie or french fries might sound delicious, foods high in sugar, trans fat and salt can cause bloating and inflammation, which makes muscle pain and cramps worse. Grab a banana or another piece of fruit to fight sugar cravings, or go for unsalted nuts if you want something more savory.

5. Reach for decaf coffee to improve period pain

Caffeine causes your blood vessels to narrow. This can constrict your uterus, making cramps more painful. If you need your coffee fix, switch to decaf during your period. If you rely on caffeine to beat the afternoon slump, eat a snack high in protein or take a quick 10-minute walk to boost your energy.

6. Try dietary supplements to help with menstrual symptoms

Vitamin D can help your body absorb calcium and reduce inflammation. Other supplements, including omega-3, vitamin E and magnesium, can help reduce inflammation and might even make your periods less painful. For best results, take supplements every day, not just during your period. Also, because some supplements interact with medications, be sure to ask your doctor before taking anything new.

7. Apply heat to calm cramping

A little heat can help your muscles relax, improve blood flow and relieve tension. Try sitting with a heating pad, taking a hot shower or relaxing in a hot bath.

8. Exercise for muscle relaxation and endorphins

If you’re in pain, exercise might be the last thing on your mind. But even gentle exercise releases endorphins that make you feel happy, reduce pain and relax your muscles. Fifteen minutes of yoga, light stretching or walking might be all you need to feel the physical and mental benefits of exercise. And if exercise is already a part of your routine, did you know that tracking your period can help you improve athletic performance?

9.

Reduce stress to improve mental and physical period symptoms

Stress may make cramps worse. Use stress relief techniques like meditation, deep breathing, yoga or your own favorite way to relieve stress. If you’re not sure how to relieve stress, try guided imagery. Simply close your eyes, take a deep breath and imagine a calm, safe place that’s significant to you. Stay focused on this space for at least a few minutes while you take slow, deep breaths.

10. Try massage therapy to reduce cramping and stress

One study found that massage therapy significantly reduced menstrual pain in women with endometriosis. Massages may reduce uterine spasms by relaxing the uterus. In order to manage period cramps most effectively, massage therapy should focus on the abdominal area. But a full body massage that reduces your overall stress may also help to relieve menstrual cramps.

11. Take over-the-counter (OTC) medicines to get rid of period cramps

The hormone prostaglandin can cause muscle contractions and pain. Anti-inflammatory medicines like ibuprofen can provide fast-acting relief by reducing the amount of prostaglandins in your body. For best results, only take OTC medicines when you start to feel cramps. OTC medicines may not always magically cure menstrual cramps, but they can often improve pain significantly. For best results, only take OTC medicines when you start to feel cramps.

12. Try alternative medicine for PMS relief

Some people find relief with alternative medicine practices like acupuncture and acupressure. Acupuncture is a practice that stimulates the body by placing needles in the skin. Acupressure stimulates the body without needles by putting pressure on certain points of the body. These practices can help you relax, release muscle tension and improve blood flow throughout your body.

13. Start hormonal birth control

Birth control can stop period pain if cramps are caused by a hormone imbalance. Balancing your levels of estrogen and progesterone helps thin the uterine lining so it sheds more easily. Hormonal birth control also regulates the length and frequency of your period. Some forms of birth control can completely alleviate period cramps by stopping your period altogether. Talk to your OB-GYN about birth control options, including the pill, birth control shot or hormonal IUD. Then, you’ll be able to choose the type of birth control that works best for you.

Get help relieving period cramps

If you’ve tried all the menstrual cramp treatments on this list and still have painful periods, or you want to know up front which options will work best for you, talk to your primary care doctor or OB-GYN.

At HealthPartners and Park Nicollet, our women’s health doctors can prescribe stronger treatments for menstrual cramps that can go a long way to improve your quality of life during that time of the month. A little help from a doctor might be the best way to stop dreading your periods.

When to see a doctor for menstrual cramps

Feeling that familiar twinge of pain in your gut is often the first sign that your period is starting. In those moments, many women can reach for a heating pad or ibuprofen to calm their cramps. But others have severe menstrual cramps that can’t be relieved using typical remedies and might linger through the entire period. Cramps like these can get in the way of your regular activities and make your time of the month an uncomfortable one.

According to the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, over half of women who menstruate experience cramping during the first couple days of their periods. Period pain can often be managed on your own, but women who experience severe, chronic menstrual cramps often need medical treatment to relieve pain.

How do I know if my menstrual cramps are normal?

Menstrual cramps feel a little different to every woman. They can feel like a constant dull ache, occasional shooting pains or anything in between. Typically, women feel cramps in the lower stomach but they can also affect the groin, thighs and lower back.

Each woman experiences unique menstruation symptoms and there’s no true “normal. ” Some women might have cramps during every period. Some might notice that their cramps lessen with age. Others might never experience period cramps. But up to 20 percent of women experience painful cramps, or what’s known medically as dysmenorrhea, making it difficult to enjoy their daily activities. Still, many women are afraid to speak to their doctor about their cramps.

There’s no reason to stay quiet about your cramps. Our OB-GYNs are here to listen to your concerns without judgement and help find a way to make your periods as painless as possible.

If you’re not sure whether medical treatment is needed to help with your cramps, just ask us! During your next appointment, talk to your doctor about:

• The level of pain cramps cause you
• How long your cramps last
• The average length of your cycle
• How much you bleed during your period
• Other things you may have noticed, like spotting or pain outside your period

There’s no harm in asking your doctor about your medical concerns. In fact, talking to your OB-GYN about changes you’ve noticed or your questions is a great way to be proactive about your health. Find out more about how to choose an OB-GYN you can trust.

When should I talk to my OB-GYN about menstrual cramps?

Since each woman’s body is unique, it can be difficult to tell whether the cramps you’ve grown used to are actually chronic. Use these common symptoms of chronic, severe menstrual cramps as a guideline to decide if it’s time to talk to an OB-GYN about your cramps.

• Your cramps interfere with your daily life (school, work, social plans, etc.)
• The cramps last longer than two days
• No or minimal relief from over-the-counter (OTC) pain medication
• You have cramps outside of your period
• You notice a change in how your cramps feel over time

How are severe menstrual cramps diagnosed?

If you have severe menstrual cramps, a visit to your doctor is the only way to determine the exact cause of your pain. During your visit, your doctor will talk to you about your symptoms. If we need additional information to confirm a diagnosis, a pelvic exam or ultrasound might be needed. These tests will help pinpoint the exact cause of your pain so your doctor can recommend the best treatment options for you.

How are severe menstrual cramps treated?

When the usual home remedies to relieve period cramps are no match for your cramps, an OB-GYN can help you find relief from the pain. The most common treatments for severe menstrual cramps are:

• Hormonal birth control methods – If your menstrual cramps are caused by a hormone imbalance, your doctor might recommend using a hormonal birth control. In addition to preventing pregnancy, taking hormonal birth control can help correct the levels of estrogen and progesterone in your body, which effects the thickness of the uterine lining. Thinning the uterine lining can reduce prostaglandin and bring pain relief. Some birth control methods can cause women to skip their periods, eliminating cramps altogether.
• Prescription medication – When over-the-counter (OTC) medicines don’t work, your doctor might prescribe nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). These medicines are much stronger than similar ones you’ll find over-the-counter. They can significantly reduce prostaglandins in your uterus, which might thin the uterine lining and alleviate cramps. Prescription medication is used when a woman experiences severe, chronic cramps.

What causes menstrual cramps?

During our periods, the uterine contracts in order to shed its lining. Sometimes, the contraction of the uterus can feel painful and cause cramps.

There are two main types of menstrual cramps:

Primary dysmenorrhea

This type of menstrual cramps is more common. Primary dysmenorrhea is caused by prostaglandin in the lining of your uterus. Prostaglandin is a hormone found in the uterine lining that increases just before menstruation starts. Primary dysmenorrhea is usually worse around the time a woman starts getting her period and lessens with age. Women who experience primary dysmenorrhea are also more likely to have cramps only during the first couple days of their period, when menstrual bleeding starts.

Secondary dysmenorrhea

Secondary dysmenorrhea is the less common type of cramps and is caused by a medical condition like an infection, premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), endometriosis, uterine fibroids or ovarian cysts. These menstrual cramps often worsen with age and can last for the entire duration of your period. Women who experience secondary dysmenorrhea can usually find pain relief with help from a doctor.

Learn more about women’s care

all causes and how to deal with them

Contents

• 1 Causes of menstrual pain and cramps: how to eliminate them
  • 1.1 Causes of menstrual pain and cramps
    • 1.1.1 Hormonal changes
    • 1.1.2 Incorrect posture and posture
    • 1.1.3 Circulatory disorders
    • 1.1.4 Medical problems
  • 1. 2 The impact of menstrual pain on a woman’s life
  • 1.3 Categories of pain
  • 1.4 How to tell if it’s menstrual pain
  • 1.5 Need to see a doctor for menstrual cramps and cramps
  • 1.6 Medicines for menstrual cramps and cramps
  • 1.7 Non-drug treatments for pain and cramps
    90 005 1.7.1 Heat therapy
    • 1.7 .2 Meditation and relaxation
    • 1.7.3 Massage
    • 1.7.4 Exercise
    • 1.7.5 Diet
  • 1.8 Pain relief techniques at home
    • 1.8.1 Heat and massage
    • 1.8.2 Topical products
    • 1.8.3 Nutritional support
    • 1.8.4 Fitness and yoga
    • 1.8.5 Preventive measures
  • 1.9 Methods for alleviating pain at work
  • 1.10 Prevention of menstrual pain and cramps
  • 1.11 Related videos:
  • 1.12 Q&A:
    • • 1.12.0.1 What are the main causes of menstrual pain and cramps?
      • 1.12.0.2 What methods help reduce or get rid of menstrual cramps and cramps?
      • 1. 12.0.3 How to eat right during menstruation to avoid pain and cramps?
      • 1.12.0.4 Can pain and cramps during menstruation affect the psychological state?
      • 1.12.0.5 What types of medicines can be taken for menstrual cramps and cramps?
      • 1.12.0.6 What are effective relaxation techniques that help relieve pain and cramps during menstruation?

Find out why menstrual cramps and cramps occur, how to deal with them and overcome dysfunction. Read our useful article and get the necessary tips and tricks.

Every month in a woman’s life there is an unpleasant symptom – menstrual cramps and cramps. The feeling of discomfort in the lower abdomen is accompanied by painful cramps, which can reduce the quality of life and affect daily activities. This symptom determines the mood for the rest of the week, and not every woman can quickly and easily cope with them.

Such pains can be the first signal about the presence of certain disorders in the body. However, it is not always possible to independently determine what exactly causes pain. It is important to understand what methods can help reduce pain and what actions can be taken to improve the quality of life when menstrual cramps appear.

This article will discuss the various causes of menstrual cramps and cramps, as well as the methods that will help to cope with this unpleasant symptom. There are many ways to relieve pain, such as drug therapy, traditional methods, lifestyle changes and diets. Our task is to provide maximum useful information and make it possible to make the right decision in the fight against menstrual pain and cramps.

Causes of menstrual pain and cramps

Hormonal changes

One of the main causes of menstrual pain is the hormonal changes that occur in a woman’s body during menstruation. The levels of the hormones estrogen and progesterone change, which can lead to uterine contractions and, as a result, pain. In the same period, the level of the hormone prostaglandins also increases, which leads to uterine spasm and pain.

Incorrect posture and posture

Leakage and accumulation of fluid in the pelvic area can occur due to incorrect posture and posture. This can negatively affect the work of the uterus, causing cramps and pain during menstruation.

Circulatory disorders

Circulatory disorders can cause blood to accumulate in the pelvic area, which can contribute to pain and spasms. A sedentary lifestyle and lack of physical activity can also cause circulatory disorders.

Medical problems

Menstrual cramps and cramps can also be due to medical problems such as endometriosis, fibroids, pelvic inflammatory disease. In case of severe and prolonged pain, it is necessary to consult a doctor for examination and identification of possible causes.

The impact of menstrual pain on a woman’s life

Menstrual pain can have a significant impact on a woman’s life, especially if it is frequent or intense. Pain during menstruation can lead to changes in mood and behavior, sleep and work disturbances, lack of desire to exercise, and restrictions in social activity.

Restrictions in social activity may mean not participating in social activities, meetings with friends, or school activities. This can lead to feelings of isolation and loneliness, as well as psychological conditions such as anxiety and depression.

There is also the possibility that severe menstrual cramps can lead to decreased performance at work. Women who suffer from menstrual pain may need to take a few days off or not make full use of their days off, which can negatively impact career performance.

Finally, menstrual cramps can impair a woman’s overall quality of life, especially if they become chronic.

Categories of pain

Menstrual pain can be of different types and intensity. They may be acute, blunt, penetrating, localized, or widespread. Pain can also have a different origin and duration.

• Functional pain is the most common type of menstrual pain. They occur as a result of contraction of the muscle fibers of the uterus during menstruation. They are usually located in the lower abdomen and can be mild to moderate in intensity.
• Abnormal pains are pains that occur in various diseases of the female organs, such as endometriosis, uterine fibroids, inflammatory diseases, etc. They may be more intense and widespread than functional pain and may require specialist advice.
• Neuropathic pain is pain that is associated with the presence of various nerve disorders or diseases. They can have their own character and can be localized in different parts of the body, including the abdominal cavity.
• Precyclical pain is pain that occurs a few days before the onset of menstruation and is associated with changes in the level of hormones in the body. They can be of varying intensity and nature and often disappear after the onset of menstruation.

How to tell if it’s menstrual pain

Menstrual cramps and cramps can mimic other conditions, so it’s important to know how to tell if it’s menstrual pain. One of the key signs is the time of onset of pain – it usually begins 1-2 days before the onset of menstruation and continues for the first two days after the onset.

Another sign is the nature of the pain. Menstrual pain is often described as a dull, aching pain located in the lower abdomen or lower back. This pain may be accompanied by cramps and a short-term improvement in well-being after the removal of menstrual blood.

• Pain during urination and painful urination may be signs of other diseases;
• Absence of menstruation for more than 6 months or unusual pattern of menstrual bleeding may also be a sign of other diseases and require medical attention;
• If the pain causes the urge to vomit, then gastrointestinal diseases and gynecological diseases should be excluded;
• Pain that does not disappear after taking painkillers also requires examination by a gynecologist to rule out other diseases.

Need to see a doctor for menstrual cramps and cramps

Menstrual pain can be quite severe, but if it becomes unbearable, you should not postpone the visit to the doctor. After all, there are a number of diseases that can lead to such sensations and require mandatory consultation with a specialist.

One of the main causes of excessive pain is endometriosis, in which tissue normally shed during menstruation grows inside the uterus. To find out if you suffer from this disease, you will have to go through an examination and understand if you need surgery.

Another important reason to see a doctor is uterine cramps. Such symptoms can occur with various diseases: fibroids, endometriosis and others. If you feel that your pain is much higher than normal, and they are accompanied by sharp cramps, consult your doctor. The specialist will be able to suggest certain medical procedures or treatments to improve your condition.

• Never self-medicate if your pain and spasms are too severe.
• Consult your doctor before taking any medication.
• Even if your condition has already improved due to the measures taken, do not forget to schedule an appointment with a specialist for an earlier time.

Medicines for menstrual pain and cramps

Aspirin is one of the most commonly used medicines for pain and cramps. It is an analgesic and can lower prostaglandin levels, which causes painful contractions during menstruation.

Ibuprofen is another effective remedy for pain and cramps during menstruation. It is also an analgesic and can help reduce inflammation and prostaglandin levels in the body.

Naproxen sodium – also used to reduce general pain and relieve severe abdominal cramps that may be accompanied by menstrual bleeding and dysmenorrhea.

Paracetamol is a safe option available without a prescription. Even though it is not an anti-inflammatory, it is effective in reducing pain during menstruation and reducing fever.

Diazepam is a relaxant commonly used to reduce anxiety, stress and anxiety. This drug can be taken during menstruation to relieve menstrual cramps and cramps in the body.

Narcotic analgesics should only be considered as a last resort when other agents fail. These medicines are used only on prescription due to the high degree of addiction and other side effects.

It is forbidden to take unfamiliar medicines without first consulting a doctor.

Non-drug treatments for pain and spasms

Heat therapy

Heat can be an effective way to relieve pain and reduce spasms. Simple methods, such as applying a heating pad to the abdomen or lower back, can reduce discomfort and pain.

Meditation and Relaxation

Many women report pain relief from regular meditation. Taking deep breaths and stopping your thoughts for a while can help you relax and reduce tension.

Massage

A gentle massage of the abdomen and lower back can help relax muscles and reduce discomfort. Contact a professional massage therapist, or massage yourself using soft and circular hand movements.

Exercise

• Light aerobic exercise, such as walking, can reduce pain and cramps.
• Yoga can help you manage pain and improve your mood.
• Stretching and strengthening exercises may also be helpful.

But don’t forget that intense exercise is not desirable during your period, so choose light to moderate options.

Diet

Some women report that certain foods can cause pain and cramps during menstruation. Try cutting out foods like coffee, alcohol, chocolate, animal fats, carbohydrates, and junk food. Instead, increase your intake of vegetables, fruits, green leaves, and other fiber-rich foods.

Home Pain Relief Techniques

Heat and Massage

Heat is the ideal way to reduce menstrual pain: a hot chestnut bag, thermal spring water, or a heating pad on your stomach will help relax your muscles and reduce cramps. If you like, you can combine this with gentle abdominal massage, which also helps improve blood circulation and reduce pain.

Topical remedies

Topical remedies can be a good way to relieve pain: Use arnica or capsaicin based ointments to reduce pain and reduce inflammation. You can also try an anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving ointment containing ibuprofen or paracetamol.

Nutritional support

Some foods that can help you manage period pain: Include more foods rich in iron, vitamins and minerals in your diet. Focus on foods containing omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin E, magnesium and calcium. Remember to drink enough water to prevent dehydration.

Fitness and yoga

Exercise and yoga can help reduce menstrual pain: moderate exercise can reduce overall pain, while stretching and breathing exercises can help relieve menstrual cramps. Avoid physical activity that can stress your belly, but move regularly and remember to take rest breaks.

Preventive measures

Some methods can help prevent pain before and during your period: Incorporate more fruits and vegetables into your diet by visiting a dietitian or nutritionist, choosing the right tampons and pads, and don’t forget your period calendar to prepare ahead of time and meet all your commitments ahead of time.

Techniques for alleviating pain at work

When working physically, it is advisable to wear comfortable and not too tight clothing that does not impede movement, so as not to increase pain.

If possible, take a break to relax and de-stress. During the break, light stretching exercises can be done to improve blood circulation.

You can apply heating pads or cold compresses to the affected area to relieve pain, relieve spasms, and improve blood circulation.

If you are working at a computer, position your keyboard, monitor, and mouse comfortably to reduce hand and neck strain. It is worth taking the correct posture to reduce the load on the back.

It must be understood that it is important not only to alleviate pain at work, but also to reduce stress and tension, as they can exacerbate pain. Therefore, it is worth finding time for psychological and emotional relaxation, for example, yoga classes or meditation.

Prevention of menstrual pain and cramps

To avoid pain and cramps associated with the menstrual cycle, it is necessary to follow a number of recommendations and features of self-care during this period.

• Enough physical activity – a sedentary lifestyle can exacerbate pain.
• Get regular sleep and rest to help reduce stress and fatigue.
• A balanced diet that includes fruits, vegetables, herbs and protein products, as well as the rejection of bad habits – alcohol and smoking.
• Moderate consumption of caffeine and sugar, which can cause worsening pain and cramps.
• Regular personal hygiene and body care, which includes daily showering, changing sanitary napkins, etc.

However, if the pain does not make it possible to lead a normal life, it is necessary to consult a doctor for examination and identification of possible pathology.

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Q&A:

What are the main causes of menstrual pain and cramps?

The main causes of pain and cramps during menstruation can be associated with increased levels of prostaglandins in the body, weakened pelvic muscles, endometriosis, hormonal imbalance and other factors.

What methods help reduce or get rid of menstrual cramps and cramps?

Methods that can help relieve or relieve menstrual cramps and cramps include heat, massage, regular exercise, medications containing aspirin or ibuprofen, acupuncture, yoga, and other forms of relaxation.

How to eat right during menstruation to avoid pain and cramps?

Proper nutrition during menstruation includes increased intake of vitamins and minerals such as vitamin D, calcium, magnesium and iron, avoidance of spicy and fatty foods, drinking more water and fruits, and limiting caffeine and alcohol.

Can pain and cramps during menstruation affect the psychological state?

Yes, pain and cramps during menstruation can have a negative impact on the psychological state, causing confusion, irritability, fatigue and depression. It is important to take care of your mental health and seek help when needed.

What types of medicines can be taken for menstrual cramps and cramps?

Medicines containing aspirin or ibuprofen, analgesics, muscle relaxants, hormones, and others can be used for menstrual cramps and cramps. However, before using any drugs, you should consult your doctor and follow the instructions for use.

What are effective relaxation techniques that can help relieve pain and cramps during menstruation?

Effective relaxation techniques that help relieve menstrual pain and cramps include deep breathing, meditation, yoga, acupuncture, massage, hot compresses, warm baths, and other therapies. Everyone can find their own relaxation method that is right for them.

why the stomach hurts, how to relieve cramps

contents

• How do pains in the lower abdomen appear during menstruation?
• Causes of menstrual pain
• How to reduce the pain during menstruation?
• When should a woman see a doctor?

Pain during menstruation is considered a common menstrual disorder: its prevalence reaches 80%. Painful periods have a negative impact on a woman’s life: they complicate family and personal relationships, disrupt daily activities, and are a common cause of disability. In addition to the pain itself, a woman develops a fear of waiting for menstruation, which can lead to nervous exhaustion ¹ . Let’s find out why the stomach hurts during menstruation and how you can relieve the pain.

How do pains in the lower abdomen appear during menstruation?

Scientifically, painful periods are called “dysmenorrhea”. The pain is usually dull, but can be cramping, pulling, burning. Women complain of pain without a clear location – “the lower abdomen hurts.” Painful sensations can spread to the back, along the inner surfaces of the thighs, give into the rectum ¹ .

In addition to pain, there are accompanying symptoms. All associated symptoms in dysmenorrhea can be divided into 4 groups ² :

• emotional-mental – irritability, loss or increase in appetite, decreased mood, drowsiness, insomnia, odor intolerance, taste perversion;
• vegetative – nausea, belching, hiccups, feeling cold or hot, sweating, fever, dry mouth, frequent urination. Also, a woman’s stomach may swell, there are false urges to defecate;
• vegetative-vascular – fainting, headache, dizziness, palpitations, pain in the heart, coldness, numbness of the arms and legs, swelling of the eyelids, face;
• metabolic-endocrine – vomiting, feeling of “cotton” legs, general severe weakness, itching of the skin, pain in the joints.

Sometimes the listed complaints bother a woman more than spasms. In some women, pain and psychosomatic reactions during menstruation are so pronounced that they lead to complete disability lasting from several hours to several days ³ .

Depending on the severity of abdominal cramps, concomitant symptoms, disability, dysmenorrhea is mild, moderate and severe ³ :

• mild – the stomach hurts during menstruation only on the 1st day. At the same time, there are no accompanying symptoms, the daily activity of a woman is not disturbed;
• moderate – menstrual cramps are felt in the first 2-3 days of menstruation, other complaints may be present, but women, as a rule, do not refuse to study and work;
• severe – the stomach hurts a lot, there are a variety of accompanying symptoms. The pain lasts from 2 to 7 days and causes disability.

Causes of menstrual pain

Dysmenorrhea is usually divided into primary and secondary, and their causes differ ³ . In primary dysmenorrhea in women, as a rule, there are no pathological changes in the genital organs. With secondary dysmenorrhea, the appearance of cramps in the lower abdomen during menstruation is associated with various (most often gynecological) diseases.

Primary dysmenorrhea usually appears in adolescence 1–3 years after the onset of menstruation. In the first years of the disease, pain during menstruation is usually tolerable, short-term and does not affect performance. Over time, there may be an increase in spasms, an increase in their duration, the appearance of new symptoms accompanying pain ² .

The mechanism of development of pain during menstruation is associated with the following reasons ² .

• Excess prostaglandins. Prostaglandins are biologically active substances. The body produces them to regulate sleep, body temperature, inflammation and pain response. During menstruation, the lining of the uterus (endometrium) is shed and prostaglandins are released from it. Normally, they provide uterine contractions and the removal of the “old” endometrium to the outside. In women with dysmenorrhea, prostaglandins are produced in excess. The strength of uterine contractions increases, intrauterine pressure increases, spasm of the uterine vessels occurs – all this leads to the development of pain. The more prostaglandins are formed, the more the stomach hurts.
• Lack of progesterone. Hormones control the production of prostaglandins. It increases with the participation of estrogens and decreases with the action of progesterone. If estrogens are produced in excess and their ratio with progesterone is disturbed or progesterone is formed in insufficient quantities, then menstruation becomes painful.
• Hypersensitivity to pain. Women with painful periods have been found to have a low pain threshold. This is associated with a weakening of the analgesic system. Increased pain sensitivity can be inherited. However, the prolonged existence of pain in itself leads to overexcitation of nerve cells and an increase in pain sensitivity.

Abdominal cramps during menstruation may appear or increase under the influence of external factors. These include ³ :

• smoking;
• obesity or underweight;
• stress;
• exposure to extreme temperatures;
• injuries and infections;
• excessive exercise.

Also, the risk of menstrual pain increases in girls who have previously heard a negative opinion about menstruation from adult women (mothers, sisters).

In secondary dysmenorrhea, pain is a symptom of some pelvic disease, including ³ :

• endometriosis. With this disease, a tissue similar to the endometrium appears outside the inner uterine layer: it grows into the muscular layer of the uterus and even into neighboring organs. Pain with endometriosis is severe, it can hurt not only during menstruation, but also in the intermenstrual period. Soreness is explained by inflammation, tissue damage, accumulation of blood in endometrioid foci, adhesions;
• uterine fibroids. The pain appears when the myomatous node makes it difficult for the outflow of blood during menstruation. A large volume of menstrual blood, as it were, is “born”, overcoming resistance;
• inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs. Chronic inflammatory process of the pelvic organs can reduce the production of progesterone, increase the formation of prostaglandins. Due to the long existence of the inflammatory focus, pain sensitivity increases;
• malformations of the uterus and vagina. This is a rare cause, but causes very severe pain. Due to a congenital anomaly, the outflow of blood to the outside is impossible or significantly difficult. With the onset of menstruation in a girl, blood accumulates in the internal genital organs and the pain increases. Correction requires surgical treatment.

How to reduce pain during menstruation?

Primary dysmenorrhea is treated with pharmacotherapy ^2,3,4 :

• non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs;
• antispasmodics;
• combined oral contraceptives;
• preparations of gestagens;
• vitamin E, B6, magnesium preparations;
• calcium antagonists.

There are non-drug therapies that can reduce period cramps. They can be used as a supplement or alternative to medical treatment ⁴ :

• physical exercise to stretch and relax muscles;
• applying a heat source (eg heating pad) to the abdomen;
• behavioral psychotherapy;
• acupuncture and acupressure.

Dysmenorrhea may occur in women who use intrauterine contraception (spiral). It has been proven that when using a spiral, the concentration of prostaglandins in the endometrium during the adaptation period increases and causes an increase in the contractile activity of the uterus. Therefore, women with painful periods should not use this method of contraception ² .

Treatment of secondary dysmenorrhea depends on the nature of the underlying disease. To find the cause of pain during menstruation, a specialist after questioning, examining, taking a smear may recommend additional studies: complete blood count, urine, blood biochemistry, examination by functional diagnostic tests, consultations of related specialists, ultrasound of the genitals, abdominal organs, hysteroscopy, laparoscopy ³ .

In the treatment of secondary dysmenorrhea, the most important factor is the elimination of its cause. For treatment, pharmacotherapy, physiotherapy, surgical operations are used ^2.3 .

In infectious and inflammatory processes in the genital tract, local remedies are used in complex therapy, for example, Depantol® suppositories. This is a combination drug that has a regenerating, antiseptic, metabolic effect. Depantol® contains ⁵ :

• chlorhexidine – antiseptic active against bacteria, fungi, protozoa;
• dexpanthenol is a stimulator of tissue repair, it normalizes cellular metabolism, accelerates mitosis and increases the strength of collagen fibers.

Depantol® does not interfere with the functional activity of beneficial vaginal microflora – lactobacilli. Candles remain active in the presence of blood, pus ⁵ .

When should a woman see a doctor?

Dysmenorrhea is not just pain during menstruation, but also a risk factor for other chronic pain (in the abdomen, pelvis, limbs), sleep disorders, poor mental health, and a trigger for some gynecological diseases. This is why period cramps should not be endured, they should be treated by a specialist ⁴ .

Pain during menstruation may be symptoms of a serious gynecological disease if ^2.3 :

• stomach pain worse with each successive menses;
• spasms are constantly present, and in the period of menstruation and before them intensify;
• soreness towards the end or after the menstruation and is accompanied by a rise in temperature;
• painful periods associated with pain during intercourse;
• menstruation became painful after 30 years.