Is candida a yeast infection: Candidiasis | Types of Diseases | Fungal Diseases

15.06.202311.06.2023 by alexxlab

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Thrush Candidiasis and Yeast Infections

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Candidiasis, sometimes called moniliasis or a “yeast infection,” is an infection caused by yeast on the skin and/or mucous membranes.

Although yeast is normally a harmless inhabitant of the digestive system and vaginal area, it may cause an infection when the skin is damaged, when conditions are warm and humid, or when your child has a depressed immune system.
Antibiotics can also cause yeast to grow, because the normal bacteria in tissues are killed, letting the yeast grow unhampered.
When candidiasis occurs in the mouth, it is called thrush.

Thrush Candidiasis and Yeast Infections | Symptoms & Causes

What are the symptoms of candidiasis?

The symptoms of candidiasis may resemble other skin conditions and may vary depending on the location of the infection. Each child may experience them differently, so always consult your child’s physician for a diagnosis.

Some of the most common symptoms include:

skin folds or navel
- rash
- patches that ooze clear fluid
- pimples
- itching and burning
vagina
- white or yellow discharge fro the vagina
- itching and burning
- redness in the external area of the vagina
penis
- redness on the underside of the penis
- scaling on the underside of the penis
- painful rash on the underside of the penis
mouth (thrush)
- white patches on the tongue and inside of the cheeks
- pain
corners of the mouth (perlèche)
- cracks and/or tiny cuts at the corners of the mouth
nail beds
- swelling
- pain
- white or yellow nail that separates from the nail bed

What causes thrush?

Thrush is caused by a fungus called Candida albicans. It occurs mostly in the neonate and infant. The following are some of the factors that may increase the chance of the infant developing thrush:

antibiotics – Antibiotics can cause yeast to grow, because the normal bacteria in tissues are killed off, letting the yeast grow unhampered.
steroids – Steroids may decrease your child’s immune system and decrease the ability to fight normal infections.
poor immune system – If your infant has a poor immune system and an inability to fight infection from another chronic disease, she is at an increased risk for developing thrush.

Thrush Candidiasis and Yeast Infections | Diagnosis & Treatments

How is candidiasis diagnosed?

In addition to a medical history and physical examination, your child’s physician may scrape off a skin sample to confirm the diagnosis with a microscope or a culture.

How is candidiasis treated?

Candidiasis is highly treatable. Possibilities include:

Yeast infections in the vagina or anus can be treated with medicated suppositories.
Thrush may be treated with a medicated mouthwash or lozenges that dissolve in the mouth.
Severe infection or infections in an immuno-compromised child may be treated with oral anti-yeast medications.

Tips for caring for an infant with thrush

Some things to keep in mind:

A breastfeeding mother may also need to be treated if she has a fungal infection on her breasts. This will help decrease the chance of reinfecting the infant.
Keep your child’s diaper area clean and dry. Let your child’s bottom be exposed to air for approximately 15 minutes, several times throughout the day.
A simple yet often effective treatment is with a purple medication called gentian violet, which is painted inside the baby’s mouth.

Thrush Candidiasis and Yeast Infections | Programs & Services

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What is a Yeast Infection?

“What is a Yeast Infection?” (PDF)

Candidal Vaginitis or Vaginal Candidiasis A yeast infection is the second most common cause of vaginal discharge for women in the United States.

What causes a yeast infection?

Most of the time this infection is caused by a tiny fungus called “Candida albicans,” “Candida,” or yeast. It is normal to have a small amount of Candida in your vagina. Most people also have Candida in their mouth and lower intestinal tract. This fungus usually causes no symptoms.

A healthy vagina has a balance between healthy bacteria and unhealthy organisms. An infection occurs when something happens to allow the Candida fungus to outnumber the healthy bacteria in your vagina. When a woman has too much Candida in her vagina, then we say she has a yeast infection. A yeast infection is not considered a sexually transmitted disease (STD) because you don’t have to have sex to get it.

Your vagina’s healthy balance may be upset by any of the following:

Birth control pills

Antibiotics

Pregnancy

Diabetes

Deodorant tampons or perfumed douches

Wearing tight clothes or synthetics such as nylon, spandex or Lycra. These fabrics may create too much warmth and moisture from sweating. Yeast grows best in warm, moist places. Wear loose cotton clothing instead.

HIV infection

What are the signs and symptoms?

Vaginal itching with or without irritation

A thick, white fluid (discharge) that looks like cottage cheese and has very little odor

Redness, swelling, and soreness of the vaginal opening and around the opening

Burning when urinating

Pain during intercourse

How will I know if I have a yeast infection?

To know for sure, you should visit a health care provider. He or she will give you a pelvic exam and take a sample of your discharge. A microscope will be used to look at your discharge in the office, or it will be sent to a lab for testing. There are other types of vaginal infections with symptoms similar to a yeast infection, but they will not respond to medicine for a yeast infection. This is why it is important to visit a health care provider so you can be sure what infection you have.

Is there a cure?

Yes. Usually, your health care provider will ask you to insert an antifungal cream or a suppository inside your vagina at night for three to seven nights. Many of these creams are available without a prescription. Your provider can recommend the best treatment. If you would rather take a pill by mouth, you may ask your health care provider for a pill called fluconazole (floo kon’ na zole).

What about my partner(s)?

Usually, your sex partner(s) does not need to be examined. However, if your infection keeps coming back, or if your partner has symptoms, your health care provider will also want to examine your partner(s).

When can I have sex again?

It is best to wait to have any kind of sex – oral, vaginal or anal – until you have taken all of your medicine and all of your symptoms have gone away.

Can I get this infection again?

Yes. It’s not uncommon to have a second yeast infection, although it’s rare to have repeated infections.

How can I prevent yeast infections?

It is very important to keep a normal, healthy balance of bacteria in your vagina. You can help by:

Keeping your genital area clean and dry;

Wearing cotton underwear and loose fitting pants (these keep you dry by allowing air to flow through them), and

Avoiding douches or other feminine hygiene products.

To learn more

If you have more questions about yeast infections, or you want to know how to find a clinic near you, call your local health department or family planning program. You can also find a testing center near you at http://gettested.cdc.gov/.

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¹ “Features of Candida Ablicans dimorphism in strains isolated from patients with vaginal candidiasis”, Protsenko A.V., Anokhina I.V., Dalin M.V., Kravtsov E.G. isolated from patients with vaginal candidiasis // Vestnik RUDN University. Series: Medicine. 2007. No. 2.
² https://www.rmj.ru/articles/obshchie-stati/Kandidoznyy_vulyvovaginit__sovremennaya_lechebnaya_taktika/ (Regular editions of “RMJ” No. 15 dated 18.08.2005 p. 987 / Authors: Tikhomirov A.L. 1, Oleinik Ch.G.)
³ Clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases accompanied by pathological discharge from the genital tract of women. Russian Society of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Edition 2, corrected and supplemented – M., – 2019.- 56 p.
⁴ Carson C. F. et al. Melaleuca alternifolia (Tea Tree) Oil: a Review of Antimicrobialand Other Medicinal Properties. Clinical Microbiology Reviews, Jan. 2006, p. 50–62
⁵ Batyrova Z.K. et al. Substantiation of the possibility of using the gel for intimate hygiene with tea tree oil in the complex treatment and prevention of candidiasis // Reproductive health of children and adolescents. 2020. V. 16, No. 3. S. 34–38.
⁶ Clinical features of breast cancer dermatomycosis (Russian Medical Journal): https://www. rmj.ru/articles/dermatology/Klinicheskie_osobennosti_dermatomikozov/#ixzz6wRXLYiTd
⁷ Correction of vaginal biocenosis disorders https://docplayer.ru/26674803-Korrekciya-narusheniy – biocenoza-vlagalishcha-marsh-na-meste-ili-dvizhenie-vpered.html
⁸ Vaginal dysbiosis as an interdisciplinary problem _Metody_puti_i_perspektivy_resheniya_intervyyu_s_TN_Bebnevoy_i_AA_Dyshkovcom/
* vulvovaginal candidiasis
** vaginal suppository

Yeast-like fungi of the genus Candida (Candida spp.) are considered to be representatives of the normal mucosal microbiota of the human body. Indeed, they can be detected in about 60% of healthy adults in the oral cavity and in 12% of women in the vagina. Normally, yeast fungi are in equilibrium with the bacterial commensals of the mucous membranes and do not cause any inflammatory changes (“healthy carriage”). In some situations, however, the growth of yeast fungi increases, which is accompanied by a local infectious and inflammatory process – candidiasis, which is also known as “thrush”.

Mucosal candidiasis is very common. Risk factors for oral candidiasis are infancy and old age, the presence of severe diseases with immunodeficiency (especially leukemia, lymphoma, carcinomatosis and HIV), poor oral hygiene, Sjögren’s syndrome, diabetes mellitus and other endocrinological diseases, wearing dentures, the use of inhaled and systemic glucocorticoids. Risk factors for genital candidiasis (vulvovaginitis) are less clear, but estrogen imbalance and antibiotic use have been suggested.

Given the high prevalence of “healthy carriers” of Candida, many people can be detected with a slight overgrowth of yeast-like fungi. In the absence of any clinical signs of candidiasis, such growth has no clinical significance. On the other hand, the abundance of yeast colonies (more than 104 CFU / ml) in a patient with minimal signs of candidiasis or without them at all, but with risk factors for this disease, should alert the doctor and may require the appointment of antimycotic drugs.

PCR analysis (polymerase chain reaction) is a modern diagnostic method based on the detection of unique DNA sequences characteristic only for a certain pathogen in the biological material under study. In the test material, specific DNA of the causative agent of thrush is found – varieties of the Candida fungus – C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. krusei, C. parapsilosis / C. tropicalis. Candida detection by PCR is the most objective and accurate among other research methods. High accuracy will necessarily show the presence of a fungus in the body, but this does not mean that it was he who caused the patient’s illness.

Given that candidiasis of the mucosa (primarily the oral cavity) is sometimes a symptom of a more serious disease, additional laboratory tests may be recommended in some cases, including blood glucose, thyroid, parathyroid, genital glands and adrenal glands, HIV analysis and immunological studies. A wider laboratory examination is also indicated in the presence of chronic candidiasis of the skin and mucous membranes. It should be noted that genital candidiasis is not among the sexually transmitted infections (STIs), therefore, if this disease is detected in a patient, an examination of his sexual partners is not indicated.

If there are signs of candidiasis of the mucous membranes: burning, soreness, itching, crumbly white coating on the background of hyperemia;
in the presence of risk factors for oral candidiasis: infancy and old age, severe diseases with immunodeficiency (leukemia, lymphomas, carcinomatosis and HIV), poor oral hygiene, Sjögren’s syndrome, diabetes mellitus and other endocrinological diseases, wearing dentures, use of inhaled and systemic glucocorticoids.

It is desirable to take the material before diagnostic and therapeutic manipulations in the supposed location of the pathogen.
It is recommended to take biological material before starting the use of drugs (antibacterial, antiviral, antiparasitic). When conducting studies to control treatment, it is advisable to take samples for PCR tests no earlier than 10-14 days after the end of the use of the corresponding local drugs and no earlier than one month after systemic therapy.
When preparing the patient for the procedure, the following should be taken into account:
6 hours before the examination, it is not recommended to use drugs for irrigation of the oropharynx and preparations for resorption;
Do not brush your teeth or use chewing gum/lozenges to freshen your breath before testing;
Rinse mouth with room temperature water before testing.
It is desirable to comply with all the conditions described, unless otherwise recommended by the attending physician.

Biological material	Oropharyngeal swab
Test method	Real-Time PCR
Deadline without taking into account the time for delivery to the laboratory, days	from 1 to 3 calendar days
Result format, units	quantitative