What are the symptoms of pityriasis rosea. How is pityriasis rosea diagnosed. What causes pityriasis rosea. How long does pityriasis rosea last. Is pityriasis rosea contagious. What treatments are available for pityriasis rosea. How can pityriasis rosea be differentiated from other skin conditions.

Understanding Pityriasis Rosea: An Overview of This Temporary Skin Condition

Pityriasis rosea is a relatively common skin condition characterized by a temporary rash of raised, red, scaly patches on the body. While it can affect individuals of any age, it is most prevalent among older children and young adults between the ages of 10 and 35. This condition, though potentially uncomfortable, is generally harmless and resolves on its own without long-term complications.

Who is most susceptible to pityriasis rosea?

While pityriasis rosea can affect anyone, certain demographic groups are more prone to developing this condition:

• Older children (typically ages 10 and up)
• Adolescents
• Young adults (up to age 35)
• Individuals with a history of viral infections
• Those experiencing high levels of stress

Understanding the demographics most affected by pityriasis rosea can help healthcare providers better identify and diagnose the condition in its early stages.

Recognizing the Symptoms: From Herald Patch to Widespread Rash

The progression of pityriasis rosea follows a distinct pattern, beginning with initial symptoms and culminating in a widespread rash. Recognizing these stages is crucial for accurate diagnosis and appropriate management of the condition.

Initial symptoms preceding the rash

Before the appearance of any visible skin changes, some individuals may experience prodromal symptoms, including:

• Headache
• Elevated body temperature
• Joint pain
• General feeling of being unwell

These symptoms typically last for a few days and may be mistaken for a mild viral infection. However, they serve as an important precursor to the characteristic rash of pityriasis rosea.

The herald patch: The first visible sign

The herald patch is the initial and most distinctive feature of pityriasis rosea. It appears as a single, oval-shaped patch of pink or red scaly skin, ranging in size from 2 to 10 centimeters. This patch usually emerges at least two days before the widespread rash develops.

Common locations for the herald patch include:

• Abdomen
• Chest
• Back
• Neck

Less frequently, it may appear on the face, scalp, or near the genital area. The appearance of the herald patch is often the first indication that prompts individuals to seek medical attention.

Development of the widespread rash

Approximately two weeks after the appearance of the herald patch, a more extensive rash begins to develop. This rash consists of smaller, raised, scaly patches that typically measure up to 1.5 centimeters in size. The spread of the rash may continue over the following 2 to 6 weeks.

The widespread rash commonly affects the following areas:

• Chest
• Back
• Abdomen
• Neck
• Upper arms
• Upper thighs

Notably, the face is usually spared from the rash. While the rash is not typically painful, it can be itchy, causing discomfort for some individuals.

Variations in Appearance: How Pityriasis Rosea Manifests in Different Skin Types

The appearance of pityriasis rosea can vary significantly depending on an individual’s skin tone. Understanding these variations is essential for accurate diagnosis across diverse populations.

Pityriasis rosea in light-skinned individuals

In people with lighter skin tones, the patches associated with pityriasis rosea typically appear as:

• Pinkish-red in color
• Clearly defined against the surrounding skin
• Scaly or slightly raised

The contrast between the affected areas and the surrounding skin is often more pronounced in lighter-skinned individuals, making the condition more readily identifiable.

Manifestation in dark-skinned individuals

For those with darker skin tones, the appearance of pityriasis rosea can be markedly different:

• Patches may appear grey, dark brown, or black
• The rash might be less visually distinct from the surrounding skin
• Scaling or texture changes may be more noticeable than color changes

These variations in appearance can sometimes lead to misdiagnosis or delayed diagnosis in individuals with darker skin tones, highlighting the importance of awareness among healthcare providers.

Duration and Resolution: Understanding the Timeline of Pityriasis Rosea

Pityriasis rosea is a self-limiting condition, meaning it typically resolves on its own without treatment. However, the duration can vary from person to person.

How long does pityriasis rosea typically last?

The timeline for pityriasis rosea generally follows this pattern:

• Herald patch appearance: Lasts for a few days to a week
• Widespread rash development: Begins within 2 weeks of the herald patch
• Total duration: Usually 2 to 12 weeks, but can extend up to 5 months in some cases

Most individuals experience complete resolution of symptoms within 3 months, though a small percentage may have a more prolonged course.

Post-rash skin changes and recovery

After the rash has cleared, some individuals may notice:

• Areas of darker or lighter skin where the rash was present
• Gradual return to normal skin tone over several months
• No permanent scarring

These post-inflammatory changes are temporary and do not indicate ongoing disease activity. The skin typically returns to its pre-rash state without intervention.

Seeking Medical Attention: When to Consult a Healthcare Provider

While pityriasis rosea often resolves on its own, there are instances when medical consultation is advisable. Understanding when to seek professional help can ensure proper management and rule out other potential skin conditions.

When should you see a GP for a rash?

It is recommended to consult a general practitioner (GP) in the following situations:

• Presence of an unexplained rash, especially if it persists or spreads
• Rash accompanied by other symptoms such as fever, severe itching, or pain
• Concern about the possibility of a more serious skin condition
• Rash that interferes with daily activities or sleep

A GP can typically diagnose pityriasis rosea based on its characteristic appearance and distribution. They can also differentiate it from other skin conditions that may require different treatments.

Potential referral to a dermatologist

In some cases, a GP may refer patients to a dermatologist, a specialist in skin conditions. Reasons for referral may include:

• Uncertainty in diagnosis
• Atypical presentation of the rash
• Persistent or severe symptoms not responding to initial treatments
• Need for specialized treatments such as phototherapy

Dermatologists have advanced training in diagnosing and treating a wide range of skin conditions, making them well-equipped to handle complex or unusual cases of pityriasis rosea.

Treatment Options: Managing Symptoms and Promoting Comfort

While pityriasis rosea typically resolves without intervention, various treatment options are available to manage symptoms and improve comfort during the course of the condition.

Are treatments necessary for pityriasis rosea?

In many cases, specific treatments are not required for pityriasis rosea. However, if discomfort or itching is significant, several options may be considered:

• Emollients: These moisturizing creams soothe the skin and can be used as soap substitutes to prevent irritation.
• Steroid creams or ointments: Topical corticosteroids like hydrocortisone or betamethasone can reduce inflammation and relieve itching.
• Antihistamines: For severe itching, especially if it interferes with sleep, antihistamines may be prescribed.
• UVB light therapy: In cases where other treatments are ineffective, phototherapy may be considered under medical supervision.

The choice of treatment depends on the severity of symptoms and individual patient factors. A healthcare provider can guide the selection of the most appropriate treatment option.

Home remedies and self-care measures

In addition to medical treatments, several self-care strategies can help manage pityriasis rosea:

• Avoiding hot showers or baths, which can exacerbate skin dryness and itching
• Using gentle, fragrance-free soaps and detergents
• Wearing soft, breathable fabrics to minimize skin irritation
• Applying cool compresses to itchy areas for temporary relief
• Staying well-hydrated to support overall skin health

These measures can complement medical treatments and help alleviate discomfort associated with pityriasis rosea.

Etiology and Transmission: Understanding the Causes of Pityriasis Rosea

Despite being a well-recognized condition, the exact cause of pityriasis rosea remains unclear. However, ongoing research has provided insights into potential factors contributing to its development.

What causes pityriasis rosea?

While the precise etiology is unknown, several theories have been proposed:

• Viral infection: Some researchers suggest that pityriasis rosea may be triggered by a viral infection, possibly from the herpesvirus family.
• Immune system response: The condition might result from an abnormal immune response to an unknown trigger.
• Environmental factors: Certain environmental conditions or exposures may play a role in the development of pityriasis rosea.
• Genetic predisposition: There may be a genetic component that makes some individuals more susceptible to developing the condition.

Despite these theories, conclusive evidence supporting a single cause remains elusive, and further research is needed to fully understand the origins of pityriasis rosea.

Is pityriasis rosea contagious?

One of the most common concerns among individuals diagnosed with pityriasis rosea is its potential for transmission. However, current evidence indicates that:

• Pityriasis rosea is not contagious
• It cannot be spread through physical contact with affected individuals
• There is no need for isolation or special precautions to prevent spread

This non-contagious nature distinguishes pityriasis rosea from many other rash-causing conditions and can provide reassurance to those affected and their close contacts.

Differential Diagnosis: Distinguishing Pityriasis Rosea from Similar Skin Conditions

Accurate diagnosis of pityriasis rosea is crucial for appropriate management. However, its appearance can sometimes be confused with other skin conditions, necessitating careful differentiation.

How is pityriasis rosea distinguished from other rashes?

Healthcare providers use several criteria to differentiate pityriasis rosea from other skin conditions:

• Presence of the characteristic herald patch
• Distribution pattern of the rash (typically on the trunk and proximal extremities)
• Scaling nature of the lesions
• Absence of other symptoms typically associated with infectious rashes
• Time course of the condition (usually self-limiting within a few months)

In some cases, additional tests such as skin scrapings or biopsies may be performed to rule out other conditions.

Pityriasis rosea vs. pityriasis versicolor

Pityriasis versicolor is another skin condition that can be confused with pityriasis rosea due to similar-appearing rashes. Key differences include:

• Cause: Pityriasis versicolor is caused by a yeast infection, while pityriasis rosea’s cause is unknown
• Distribution: Pityriasis versicolor often affects the upper back, chest, and shoulders, while pityriasis rosea has a more widespread distribution
• Treatment: Antifungal medications are effective for pityriasis versicolor but not for pityriasis rosea
• Duration: Pityriasis versicolor can be chronic or recurrent, while pityriasis rosea is typically a one-time occurrence

Understanding these distinctions is crucial for healthcare providers to ensure accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment recommendations.

Pityriasis rosea – NHS

Pityriasis rosea is a relatively common skin condition that causes a temporary rash of raised red scaly patches on the body.

It can affect anyone, but it’s more common in older children and young adults (aged 10 to 35).

Symptoms of pityriasis rosea

Feeling unwell

Some people feel unwell for a few days before they get the rash, with symptoms such as a headache, high temperature and joint pain.

The herald patch

Credit:

DR H.C.ROBINSON / SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY https://www.sciencephoto.com/media/260599/view

A single pink or red oval patch of scaly skin, called the “herald patch”, usually appears at least 2 days before a more widespread rash develops.

The herald patch ranges in size from 2cm to 10cm. It can appear on your tummy, chest, back or neck, and less often on your face or scalp, or near your genitals.

Widespread rash

Credit:

ISM/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY https://www.sciencephoto.com/media/694054/view

Up to 2 weeks after the herald patch appears, a more widespread rash develops, which may continue to spread over the following 2 to 6 weeks.

This rash is small, raised, scaly patches that usually range in size up to 1.5cm. Most people get many patches on their chest, back, tummy, neck, upper arms and upper thighs. The face is not usually affected.

The rash is not painful, but it can be itchy.

In light-skinned people the patches are usually a pinkish-red. In dark-skinned people the patches can sometimes be grey, dark brown or black.

Both the herald patch and rash usually last for 2 to 12 weeks, although they can last for up to 5 months.

After the rash has gone, you may have some darker or lighter areas of skin. These should return to normal within a few months and will not leave permanent scarring.

When to see a GP

See a GP if you have an unexplained rash. They’ll usually be able to confirm whether it’s pityriasis rosea, or another skin condition such as eczema, psoriasis or ringworm.

If the GP is uncertain, they may refer you to a skin specialist (dermatologist).

Treating pityriasis rosea

Pityriasis rosea usually gets better without treatment within 12 weeks. Treatment is not needed unless you experience discomfort and itching.

Possible treatments for pityriasis rosea include:

• emollients – creams that moisturise and soothe the skin. Some emollients can be used as soap, and are often recommended, because normal soap can irritate the rash. You can buy these over the counter from most pharmacists
• steroid creams or ointments – such as hydrocortisone and betamethasone cream. These are prescribed by a GP and can reduce swelling and relieve itching
• antihistamines – if you’re having trouble sleeping because of the itching, a GP may prescribe an antihistamine that will make you feel sleepy, such as hydroxyzine or chlorphenamine
• UVB light therapy – if other treatments do not work, you may be referred for UVB light therapy

What causes pityriasis rosea?

It’s not known what causes pityriasis rosea.  One theory is that the rash may be caused by a viral infection.

Pityriasis rosea is not contagious and cannot be spread to other people through physical contact.

Pityriasis versicolor

Pityriasis versicolor is another common skin condition that can be confused with pityriasis rosea, as the rash may look similar.

But there are important differences between these 2 conditions. Pityriasis versicolor is caused by a yeast infection and can be treated with antifungal medicines, including antifungal creams and antifungal shampoos.

Page last reviewed: 13 March 2020
Next review due: 13 March 2023

Causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatments

Dry skin patches can have many causes, including harsh weather and the chemicals in some soaps and lotions. It can also result from medical conditions, such as allergies, dermatitis, and psoriasis.

Dry skin is a common problem during the winter months, when the skin is exposed to colder temperatures and lower levels of moisture in the air. In these cases, using moisturizer is often enough to soothe and eliminate dry skin patches.

However, some people experience chronic, or long-lasting, dry skin. This can indicate an underlying medical condition that would benefit from treatment.

In this article, we describe some common medical conditions and other factors that can cause dry skin and how to deal with them.

The skin can become dry, scaly, or flaky for many everyday reasons, such as being exposed to chemicals in soaps or harsh, windy weather.

Other causes of dry skin include:

• using hot water
• excessive hand-washing
• dehydration
• poor nutrition
• lotions that contain alcohol

In many cases, a person can alleviate the symptom by applying the right lotion to the affected area regularly and avoiding cleaning and personal care products that contain harsh chemicals.

In some cases, however, dry skin patches require specific treatment.

Skin conditions can become worse in cold weather, including dermatitis, which broadly refers to any condition that causes skin inflammation. There are many types of dermatitis.

The following skin conditions can cause patches of dry skin:

Contact dermatitis

This type of dermatitis usually results from contact with an allergen, such as poison ivy or animal dander. Also, some laundry detergents can trigger an allergic reaction.

Contact dermatitis usually clears up on its own.

People can prevent further reactions by identifying what had triggered the dermatitis and by avoiding it in the future.

Contact dermatitis occurs on the area of skin that came into contact with the allergen. This means that it can affect any part of the body. It is common in exposed areas, such as the hands and face.

Symptoms of contact dermatitis include:

• dry, red, or scaly patches of skin
• hives
• an itching or burning sensation on the affected areas
• open or leaking blisters

Learn more about contact dermatitis here.

Atopic dermatitis

Atopic dermatitis, or eczema, is a chronic skin disease that mainly affects children. The exact cause remains unclear, but genetic and environmental factors play significant roles.

The symptoms of atopic dermatitis usually appear on the cheeks, arms, and legs.

Some symptoms include:

• dry, irritated skin
• scaly skin
• a rash
• itchiness
• cracked skin behind the ears

Learn more about atopic dermatitis here.

Seborrheic dermatitis

Seborrheic dermatitis is a skin condition that occurs when the sebaceous glands produce too much oil. It typically causes patches of white, crusty flakes on the scalp, face, chest, and back.

When the condition affects infants, it is called cradle cap.

Other symptoms of seborrheic dermatitis include:

• thin, white or yellow scales
• oily or greasy patches of skin
• red patches of skin
• itchiness

Learn more about seborrheic dermatitis here.

Ichthyosis vulgaris

Ichthyosis a term that refers to a group of genetic skin disorders that cause dry, scaly skin.

Most forms are extremely rare, and 95 percent of the people affected develop the mildest form: ichthyosis vulgaris.

People usually develop it as children, but some adults get acquired ichthyosis vulgaris.

The condition usually appears on the legs, but can also affect the hands, arms, and the trunk of the body.

Symptoms of ichthyosis vulgaris include:

• dry, itchy, and flaky skin
• scaling skin
• mild thickening of the skin

Learn more about ichthyosis vulgaris here.

Psoriasis

Psoriasis is a common autoimmune disorder that affects the skin. According to the National Psoriasis Foundation, 125 million people worldwide have the condition.

Doctors are unsure of the exact cause, but it relates to genetics and the immune system.

Psoriasis can affect the entire body, but some common sites of psoriatic activity include the:

• scalp
• face
• palms of the hands
• soles of the feet
• knees
• elbows
• lower back
• genitals

Symptoms of psoriasis include:

• dry, red, or scaly patches of skin
• itchy or painful patches of skin
• peeling skin
• discoloration of fingernails and toenails

Learn more about psoriasis here.

A doctor can often diagnose the cause of dry skin patches by examining them, taking a person’s medical history, and asking about risk factors and any skin conditions that run in the family.

If a physician suspects that the issue results from an underlying medical condition, they will likely refer the individual to a dermatologist, a doctor who specializes in skin disorders.

A dermatologist will review the person’s medical history and symptoms and order laboratory tests, such as skin biopsies, to help with a diagnosis.

Share on PinterestUsing gentle exfoliators may help treat dry patches of skin.

There are many ways to treat dry skin. This section will cover home remedies and medications.

Home remedies for dry skin include:

• exfoliating with a loofah, pumice stone, or scrub to remove dead skin cells, if a doctor recommends it
• applying ointment or cream regularly, ideally using products that contain humectants, ceramides, or emollients
• using a humidifier to add moisture to the air
• applying a cold compress to the affected area
• adding baby oil to warm bath water or applying it when the skin is damp after a shower
• using warm instead of hot water when showering or bathing
• gently patting the skin dry with a towel

Prescription medicines for treating severe dry skin include:

• topical medications, including creams, that contain alpha hydroxy acids or retinoids
• steroids, including hydrocortisone
• antibiotics
• topical antiseptics
• antihistamines

Dry skin is usually not a serious health issue. However, chronic or persistent dry skin can indicate an underlying health condition, such as dermatitis, psoriasis, or allergies.

Speak to a doctor determine the cause of dry skin patches. They will be able to recommend the best treatment for each individual.

Red spots on the body | causes of spots on the skin, treatment, diagnosis and prevention

Red spots on the body can appear in any person, regardless of age and gender. They can appear at any time of the year, but more often occur during the off-season, when the body is more vulnerable to various diseases. The appearance of red spots can vary depending on their cause, which can be associated with both skin diseases and systemic pathologies. If you find red spots on your body, you should consult a doctor for qualified assistance.

Contents:

• What are plaques and spots on the skin
• Symptoms
• Types of red spots
• Causes of spots
• Which doctor to contact
• Diagnostics
• Treatment
• Prophylaxis

What are plaques and spots on the skin

Spots and plaques on the skin are pathological formations that can have a different size and shape. Plaques are usually more than 1 cm in diameter, have slightly raised edges and a regular shape, while patches are changes in skin color that do not have pronounced borders and can be of different sizes.

The size of the formations may vary depending on their cause. For example, in psoriasis vulgaris, plaques can be more than 10 cm in diameter, while in small-plaque parapsoriasis, they usually do not exceed 2-3 cm. malignant tumors. Therefore, if you develop such formations, you should contact a dermatologist or other doctor who specializes in skin diseases for qualified help.

Make an appointment with a dermatologist

Symptoms of spots and plaques on the skin

Symptoms that accompany the appearance of plaques and spots on the body may vary depending on the cause of their occurrence. Some lesions may be almost invisible and cause no sensation, while others may cause significant discomfort such as itching, burning, peeling, pain or swelling.

For example, in chronic liver diseases, abdominal pain, nausea, constipation or diarrhea can join the spots. Viral infections, which may be associated with skin blemishes, may cause common symptoms of SARS, such as fever, weakness, nasal congestion, and cough.

If you find spots or plaques on your skin and experience discomfort, be sure to see a doctor. He will diagnose and determine the cause of their occurrence, and then prescribe the appropriate treatment that will get rid of the symptoms and avoid possible complications.

Types of red spots

People of all ages, including infants, may develop red spots on the skin. Such rashes can have a different shape, size and shade, depending on their cause. Even minor rubella should not be ignored, because they can indicate serious problems.

In general, red lesions can be divided into the following categories:

• flat or raised;
• wet or dry;
• swollen or inflamed;
• fuzzy contours or sharp shapes;
• smooth or rough;
• itchy or unexplained;
• purple or reddish.

Red spots on the body: causes of appearance

Vegetative reactions

Sometimes situations arise in the body that lead to the activation of the parasympathetic nervous system. This can occur during times of strong psycho-emotional stress, such as fear, anger, or excitement. As a result of this, blood circulation is activated, there is an excessive expansion of capillaries and an increase in blood flow, which can lead to the appearance of red spots several centimeters in diameter, which can merge. In addition, such reactions may be accompanied by the following symptoms:

• palpitations;
• trembling in hands;
• increased sweating.

These spots usually disappear on their own after a while.

Allergic reactions

Most often, red spots on the skin are one of the most common external manifestations of allergies. Such rashes can have a different size and shape, and are also accompanied by swelling and itching. In addition, allergic reactions can cause general malaise such as weakness and chills. In young children, such rashes are most common.

Blemishes may occur as a result of certain foods or medicines or cosmetics. Sometimes rashes can be caused by cold temperatures, which is called a cold allergy.

Nervous system and blood vessels

The state of the nervous system plays a huge role in the health of the body, and can lead to the development of many diseases, including lupus, diabetes, heart and vascular diseases, and gastrointestinal disorders. In many cases, patients develop red patches on their skin before the onset of the disease. The reasons for the appearance of such spots can be different.

In most cases, this is due to a genetic predisposition that is inherited. However, it is also possible for red spots to appear with mild vulnerability, lethargy, irritability, anger, or other negative emotional states that can stimulate the nervous system and lead to patchy skin.

Treatment for these conditions is always individual, but usually includes antihistamines and immunomodulators, as well as anti-inflammatory tinctures and moisturizers. Phototherapy can also give good results.

To improve the state of the nervous system and blood vessels, you should try to be as less nervous as possible, rest more often, avoid stress and eat right. Strengthening the immune system also plays an important role. For the prevention and improvement of health, it is recommended to relax on the sea coast. If you have red spots, be sure to consult a doctor so as not to miss a serious illness.

Insects

Insects – animals that have a huge variety of species and live in all corners of the planet. In addition to their beneficial role in the ecosystem, some species may pose a danger to humans.

One of the most common bug-related ailments is stings, which often cause itching, redness, and swelling. Red spots on the skin after being bitten by midges and mosquitoes are quite common. However, if the area of ​​the skin at the site of the bite changes its shape, swelling appears, and an allergic reaction occurs, this may indicate a bite from wasps, bumblebees and hornets, which can be dangerous to human health.

Some people may be severely allergic to insect stings, which can lead to anaphylactic shock and other serious illnesses. Therefore, in the event of the appearance of such symptoms, it is necessary to immediately seek help from a specialist in order to avoid possible complications.

Infectious diseases and viruses

Infectious diseases are often associated with the presence of various microorganisms such as viruses, bacteria and fungi.

Among the diseases that can cause a spotted rash are the following.

Chickenpox

Chickenpox is a disease that can lead to serious health consequences. It is caused by an infection that can lead to pustular lesions, stomatitis, conjunctivitis, and other unpleasant symptoms. In rare cases, it can even damage internal organs and the brain.

One of the most common symptoms of chickenpox is red patches on the skin. They are usually small and appear all over the body. Then small bubbles up to 5 mm in diameter appear on them, which after 2-3 days become covered with a dry crust. On the skin, both spots and vesicles can be observed at the same time. This is a very unpleasant and dangerous symptom that must be observed carefully. If you suspect chickenpox, see your doctor to get the treatment you need and avoid complications.

Measles

An acute infectious disease that can cause epidemics. Patients often have a high fever and red spots.

Measles most commonly affects children. However, adults suffer this disease much harder, as it can be accompanied by a temperature increase of up to 40 degrees.

Scarlet fever

Scarlet fever is an infectious disease caused by group A streptococcus that can have serious health consequences. One of the first symptoms of this disease is the appearance of a sore throat, after which small spots appear on the skin, no more than a few millimeters in size. They are usually located in the abdomen or groin, and the skin may appear red and inflamed.

Rubella

An infectious disease that usually appears as small red spots on the skin. These rashes can appear all over the body, but the greatest accumulation is noted on the back, face and neck. They usually disappear after a few days if the patient receives the right treatment.

Rubella is most common in children and is accompanied by additional symptoms that help to make a correct diagnosis. One of the main risk factors for rubella infection is contact with an infectious patient. Then comes the incubation period, when the patient may not feel any symptoms and feel good. However, this does not mean that it is not contagious to others, so precautions must be taken to avoid spreading the disease. If you suspect rubella, see your doctor to get the treatment you need and avoid complications.

When infections develop at an early stage, ARI-like symptoms usually appear, such as runny nose, cough, sore throat and headache. Then, with high body temperature and intoxication, rashes appear. At the initial stages, the rashes are patchy in nature, which over time acquires a specific appearance, such as maculopapular, polymorphic, or punctate, and can be located throughout the body.

With measles, the rash appears in stages – first behind the ears, then spread to the face, trunk, arms and legs. In the case of chickenpox, the rash goes through several stages of development – from a spot to a papule, then a vesicle, a crust and a scar. At all stages, the rash causes intense itching.

Scarlet fever, in addition to rashes, is accompanied by tonsillitis – an acute infectious disease that leads to inflammation of the pharynx and surrounding tissues. And with rubella, a subfebrile increase in body temperature and an increase in the occipital lymph nodes are often observed. If you notice similar symptoms in yourself or in a child, be sure to consult a doctor for qualified medical care and to prevent possible complications.

Bacteria

If a red spot appears on your body, this may indicate the presence of a disease caused by bacteria. These diseases include streptoderma and scarlet fever. Symptoms may include a scratchy and dry throat, chills, fever, nausea, headaches, decreased activity, and drowsiness.

It is not necessary to be in a hospital to treat an illness. An important step is to stay in bed for a few weeks. Treatment includes the use of special antibiotics and solutions based on furacilin or chamomile to get rid of problems with the mucous membrane of the larynx.

Streptoderma is caused by streptococcal microflora, which is transmitted through contact with an infected person. Rashes on the body are rounded and up to four centimeters in diameter with a delicate, pinkish tint. They often appear in the face or neck, but can spread throughout the body.

Immunostimulants and vitamins are used to treat the disease. It is important to refrain from contact with various fluids on the skin during illness. Showers and water procedures are postponed until complete recovery. As an additional treatment, herbal decoctions can be used to rub the affected areas of the skin.

Lichen

Lichen is a group of diseases that can show up on the skin in a variety of lesions ranging from bright plaques to less visible spots. There are several types of lichen, the causative agents of which can be different, such as fungi, viruses or allergens.

Pityriasis rosea

Also known as Gibert’s disease, it is an allergic skin disease that causes patchy and scaly rashes. Red spots appear on the skin, which can combine into larger ones. Also, the disease may be accompanied by flu-like symptoms, such as fever, chills, weakness, muscle and joint pain.

There are no special methods for diagnosing pityriasis rosea. However, for differential diagnosis with fungal diseases, the doctor may prescribe a skin scraping study.

Most cases of rosacea clear up on their own within 1-2 months.

Ringworm

Dermatophytosis, also known as ringworm, is a disease caused by various dermatophyte fungi that presents as scaly, round or irregular lesions. In these foci, the hair is sparse, broken off, and the degree of inflammation may vary.

Ringworm is a highly contagious disease spread from person to person through close contact such as hugging, kissing, sharing towels and bedding. Also, pets can be a source of infection.

This condition usually does not go away on its own and antifungal drugs are prescribed to treat it. In addition, it is recommended to limit exposure to water, as fungi can spread through the body along with water and cause new lesions.

Lichen planus

It is a chronic autoimmune disease that is manifested by the appearance of purple plaques on the skin and mucous membranes. The development of this disease is caused by a complex of factors, including genetic predisposition, chronic viral infections (such as hepatitis B or C), anxiety disorders, sleep disorders, exposure to certain chemicals and poisons.

The rashes of lichen planus are often itchy and can cause considerable discomfort. The disease can also lead to deformation of the nails, which acquire deep furrows, and the nail plates become dark in color and cracked in structure.

Lichen planus is treated with antihistamines, steroid ointments and creams, and skin moisturizers. In the case of a severe course of the disease, systemic treatment may be required, for example, glucocorticosteroids or antimalarial drugs.

Although there may be cases of self-resolving of the disease, after a few years the disease may return.

Pityriasis versicolor

Pityriasis versicolor, also called versicolor, is a chronic fungal infection caused by yeasts of the genus Malassezia. While these fungi are found on everyone’s skin, some people may be genetically predisposed to abnormal yeast growth, resulting in characteristic skin rashes.

Pityriasis versicolor eruptions may be slightly scaly and sometimes coalesce to form a large lesion the size of a palm or larger. Most often they appear on the back, back of the neck, in the armpits, on the chest and shoulders.

For effective treatment of multi-colored lichen, special antifungal agents are used.

Shingles

Known as shingles, this type of herpes is a viral infection that causes a painful rash on one side of the body. Although anyone who has had chickenpox can be infected with the virus, the immune system usually fights it off successfully, making herpes zoster a rare disease. Statistics show that it occurs in only about 10 out of 10,000 people over 60, or 3 out of 10,000 people in all age groups.

Improper diet

Improper diet can cause red spots on the skin. Excess consumption of fried, smoked, salty, spicy and sweet can provoke various skin problems, including rashes. To reduce symptoms, it is necessary to eliminate suspicious foods from the diet.

The next step is to monitor the condition of the skin for a few days after changing the diet. If the breakouts start to disappear, then the wrong diet was the cause, and an important step to treating them is to limit the consumption of such foods in the future.

Diathesis

Allergic diathesis is a common problem faced by parents in the first months of their child’s life. The skin on the child’s cheeks is covered with red, shining spots, which can be covered with a thin crust and peel off. This causes pain and itching, and the child becomes restless. There are also crusts on the head, prickly heat and diaper rash.

Provoking factors are allergic reactions to dust, pollen, or pet hair, as well as toxicosis in late pregnancy, a large number of medications that a woman took during pregnancy, and malnutrition of a future or nursing mother, intake of products that provoke allergies. Despite the ideal care of the child, diathesis can still manifest itself and be hereditary. The mechanism of the origin of diathesis is not fully understood by modern medicine.

Vegetovascular dystonia (VVD)

Vegetative vascular dystonia is a condition that is associated with an imbalance of biochemical processes and internal physical cycles in the body. Patients suffering from VVD often experience the following symptoms: fatigue, psychological discomfort, heart rhythm disturbances, red spots, blood pressure drops, dizziness and headaches.

Red spots appear after nervousness and are a characteristic feature of VVD. This symptom most often affects women, and spots may not go away for a long time.

VSD treatment is complex and includes general health measures, reflexology and psychotherapy. Psychoregulation is considered the most effective method of dealing with this disease. However, one method is not enough to eliminate red spots on the skin and improve the general condition of the patient.

Hyperhidrosis

Red round spots on the skin may be due to hyperhidrosis – a functional disorder of sweating, in which excess sweat is released. This can lead to redness in the armpits and other affected areas of the skin.

Fungal mycosis

A serious disease caused by a fungal infection that may present as red, dry plaques on the skin. These growths, which protrude above the surface of the skin, have clear boundaries and a rounded shape that can resemble eczema.

Psoriasis

Psoriasis is a common dermatological disease of an autoimmune nature. It is characterized by small pale red nodular spots with a smooth glossy surface, which are soon covered with silvery-white scales. As a result, they grow and merge into plaques of various sizes.

Eczema

Eczema, also known as lichen lichen, initially presents as light red rashes that can be itchy. Then weeping bubbles may appear on the skin, resembling dew drops, which quickly burst, leaving punctate erosions. Later, in place of the bubbles, crusts and severe peeling form.

Erythema

Erythema is reddening of skin areas due to expansion of the capillary network and activation of blood circulation, usually in response to emotional excitement or physical overload. After cosmetic procedures, such as massage or masks, red spots may appear, which quickly pass and do not require treatment.

However, the appearance of persistent erythema of the face, characterized by spots that look like bruises or bruises, requires attention and consultation with a dermatologist. Persistent erythema can lead to complications such as rosacea, so it’s important to get professional help.

When and which doctor to contact if plaques or spots appear on the skin

If the skin has a rash, discoloration, soreness or itching, you should consult a general practitioner or immediately make an appointment with a specialist in the treatment of skin problems – a dermatologist.

Make an appointment with a dermatologist

Plaques and red spots are just one of the many symptoms of skin diseases or other pathologies that should see a dermatologist.

The following are possible reasons to consult a dermatologist:

• A mole has changed its color, size or shape;
• Acne problems that persist or get worse;
• Appearance of incomprehensible rash;
• Nail problems such as ingrown nails or inflammation;
• Hair began to fall out.

Diagnosis

If the skin shows a red spot that persists for several days or has an unusual shape/appearance, a dermatologist should be consulted. This will help to identify the causes of rashes and exclude serious pathologies. The following symptoms should be cause for concern:

• Itching or burning.
• Peeling of the skin.
• Increased size or number of spots.
• Soreness on pressure.
• Swelling and weeping.
• The beginning of the inflammatory process.

To determine the nature of the formations and determine their characteristics, the doctor conducts an examination using a dermatoscope. An important role is played by the collection of anamnesis, the clarification of symptoms and the identification of concomitant diseases. After the examination, the doctor prescribes a number of additional tests, including:

• Complete blood count.
• Urinalysis.
• Microscopic examination of skin scrapings.
• Ultrasound of internal organs.
• ECG, etc.

If necessary, the patient can be assigned a consultation of various specialists, including a general practitioner, endocrinologist, gastroenterologist and others. Such a comprehensive examination will identify concomitant diseases and determine which of them may be associated with the appearance of red spots on the skin.

Diagnosis of various skin rashes is an important step in identifying possible diseases, since they can have similar symptoms. Therefore, it is necessary to exclude the presence of other pathologies and allergic reactions in order to accurately determine the diagnosis.

The doctor can detect the presence of certain pathologies already at the first appointment, based on the symptoms and appearance of skin rashes. For example:

1. Red rashes that look like mosquito bites but are not itchy or painful may be the result of stress or anxiety. In rare cases, this may be a manifestation of an allergy or pink lichen Zhibera.
2. Spots that are accompanied by soreness or itching may indicate the presence of autoimmune diseases, urticaria or psoriasis.
3. A rash that looks like burns may be a manifestation of atopic dermatitis and may be accompanied by itching, especially at night.
4. Red sores or plaques located along the hairline may be a symptom of seborrheic dermatitis.
5. Small spots all over the body may indicate the presence of measles, chickenpox or lichen. These symptoms can also be found in some coronavirus patients.
6. Red rough spots on the skin of the hands may indicate a lack of certain vitamins and minerals in the body. In most cases, this can be corrected by changing the diet.

Methods of treatment

The treatment of red spots on the skin depends on many factors, such as the patient’s state of health, the presence of pathologies and symptoms. This process uses an integrated approach that includes drug therapy, local therapy and physiotherapy. Rarely, radical treatment such as electrocoagulation, laser removal, or cryosurgery may be required.

An important aspect of treatment is the correction of the diet and the exclusion of interaction with allergens. However, the use of traditional medicine is not recommended, as they can worsen the patient’s condition and lead to a chronic process.

Drug therapy may include various groups of drugs, such as antihistamines, antibiotics, glucocorticosteroids, tranquilizers, diuretics, enterosorbents and B vitamins. However, it must be remembered that the choice of drug and its dosage should be prescribed by a qualified specialist.

Finally, radical methods of treatment are used only in cases where conservative treatment has not brought the desired result or cosmetic defects remain after the therapy. Therefore, it is important not to self-medicate and consult a doctor for any changes in the skin.

Prevention

Prevention of red spots on the skin depends on the cause of the pathology. To reduce the likelihood of rashes, it is recommended to exclude contact with stray animals, avoid potential allergens in food, and regularly undergo preventive examinations with doctors. This will help to identify any disorders in the immune system at an early stage and prevent possible diseases of the internal organs.

Additional preventive measures may include maintaining a healthy lifestyle, including regular physical activity, eating healthy foods and moderate alcohol consumption. It is also necessary to avoid excessive exposure to the skin, such as high friction and high temperatures, which can cause irritation and red spots. If you have a predisposition to allergic reactions, it is recommended to wear clothing made from natural materials and avoid highly scented foods.

Conclusion

It is important to consult a dermatologist if the red spots on the skin begin to change their size, cause itching and flaking. Any skin rashes are an alarming factor, so do not self-medicate.

A specialist can help identify the cause of red spots on the skin, which can be caused by various diseases of the internal organs, allergic reactions or hormonal imbalances. Seeing a doctor early will help you avoid complications and choose the right treatment for a quick recovery.

Author of the article:

Tikhonova Olga Anatolyevna
dermatovenereologist

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Dry spots on the skin: three common dermatological diseases

July 5, 2020

Dry spots on the skin are a common dermatological symptom that can indicate both a temporary failure and a violation of the barrier functions of the epidermis, and a skin disease. It all depends on the size of the spots, the clarity of their boundaries, as well as the duration of their presence on the skin.

The causes of dryness can be divided into two large groups:

• non-specific – allergic reactions to household chemicals, laundry soap, cosmetic products, dehydration due to cold and wind;
• specific – then the spots become a manifestation of dermatological diseases.

Sometimes a person may notice that dry spots appear on his skin after a certain event occurs, for example, after washing clothes with his hands. Then the reason is obvious and easy to eliminate. But if dry spots on the skin do not go away, itch, peel off, you should consult a doctor.

Dry spots with scales

Pink raised dry spots on the body and head may indicate psoriasis. With this dermatological pathology in humans, raised plaques appear on the skin – psoriatic papules. They protrude above the surface of the skin, cause intense itching and flake, tend to spread and merge.

Psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune disease in which rashes are most often localized on the elbows, head, knees and groin. Dry pink spots covered with white scales are foci of chronic inflammation. Under the influence of internal autoimmune processes, epidermal cells divide several times faster than necessary. As a result, small scales are constantly separated from dying skin cells.

Atopic dermatitis and its difference from psoriasis

Atopic dermatitis can also cause dry patches on the body. And as with psoriasis, they cause itching. Due to the increased sensitivity of the skin to environmental factors, the mechanisms of its self-regulation are violated, including the barrier function. That is, an allergy is a trigger for atopic dermatitis, but the tendency to such a skin reaction is genetically laid down.

Most often, atopic dermatitis occurs in children. The disease has a chronic course, when exacerbations are replaced by periods of remission. Here are the typical signs of atopic dermatitis:

• dry skin;
• peeling and redness of the eyelids;
• dry skin-colored plaques on the trunk and extensor areas of the body;
• cracks.

It is difficult for a person who does not have a medical education to distinguish psoriasis from atopic dermatitis, but a doctor can easily make a differential diagnosis. There are several differences that may speak in favor of a particular pathology. Atopic dermatitis often affects children, psoriasis can debut in adulthood. Psoriatic plaques are raised above the skin, and scales can be seen. Dry spots in atopic dermatitis are flat. It is also important to consider typical localization.

Useful links: State Center of Urology in Moscow – Clinic of Urology named after R. M. Fronshtein of the First Moscow State Medical University named after I.M. Sechenov

Dry eczema

Sometimes white, dry, scaly patches on the skin of the legs can indicate dry eczema.