Is it normal to bleed heavily during pregnancy. Bloody Show During Pregnancy: Signs, Causes, and What to Expect

19.02.197617.10.2021 by alexxlab

What is a bloody show during pregnancy. How does it differ from the mucus plug. When should you be concerned about bleeding during pregnancy. What are the signs that labor is approaching.

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Understanding Bloody Show: A Key Sign of Approaching Labor

A bloody show is a common and important milestone in late pregnancy that signals the body’s preparation for labor. But what exactly is it, and what does it mean for expectant mothers?

A bloody show occurs when a small amount of blood-tinged mucus is released from the vagina. This happens as the cervix begins to soften, thin (efface), and widen (dilate) in preparation for childbirth. The blood comes from tiny blood vessels in the cervix that rupture as it changes, mixing with the mucus that has been protecting the cervical opening throughout pregnancy.

Key characteristics of a bloody show:

Appearance: Can be red, brown, or pink in color
Texture: Jelly-like and stringy
Amount: Typically no more than 1-2 tablespoons of discharge
Timing: Can occur days or even weeks before labor begins

Is a bloody show always a definite sign of imminent labor? While it’s a strong indicator that labor is approaching, the timing can vary significantly between women. Some may experience a bloody show weeks before labor begins, while others might not notice it until they’re already in active labor.

Bloody Show vs. Mucus Plug: Understanding the Difference

Many women confuse a bloody show with the loss of the mucus plug, but these are actually two distinct events that often occur close together.

Mucus Plug:

A thick, gelatinous barrier that seals the cervical opening during pregnancy
Protects the uterus from bacteria and infections
Can be clear, white, or slightly blood-tinged
May be lost gradually or all at once

Bloody Show:

Contains blood mixed with mucus
Indicates cervical changes and dilation
More likely to have a reddish or pink color
Usually occurs closer to the onset of labor

Why is it important to distinguish between the two? While losing the mucus plug can happen days or even weeks before labor, a bloody show is generally a more immediate sign that labor may be approaching. However, it’s crucial to remember that every pregnancy is unique, and these events can occur in different orders or simultaneously for some women.

Causes and Triggers of a Bloody Show

While a bloody show is primarily a natural part of the labor process, certain factors can trigger or accelerate its occurrence:

Natural cervical dilation and effacement
Sexual intercourse during late pregnancy
Membrane sweeping performed by a healthcare provider
Physical trauma (such as a fall or car accident)

Is it safe to have sex during late pregnancy? For most women with low-risk pregnancies, sexual activity is safe up until labor begins. However, it’s always best to consult with your healthcare provider about any concerns.

Signs and Symptoms Accompanying a Bloody Show

A bloody show rarely occurs in isolation. Many women experience other signs that their body is preparing for labor:

Cramping: Similar to menstrual cramps, often coming and going
Pelvic pressure: A sensation of heaviness or pressure in the lower abdomen and pelvis
Contractions: Tightening of the uterus that increases in frequency and intensity
Lower back pain: Often described as a dull ache or pressure
Increased vaginal discharge: May be clear, pink, or slightly bloody

How can you distinguish between false labor and true labor? True labor contractions typically become more regular, intense, and closer together over time, while false labor contractions (Braxton Hicks) tend to be irregular and do not increase in intensity.

When to Contact Your Healthcare Provider

While a bloody show is generally not a cause for alarm, there are situations where it’s important to seek medical advice:

Heavy bleeding (more than a few tablespoons)
Bright red blood flow similar to a menstrual period
Bleeding accompanied by severe abdominal pain
Bleeding before 37 weeks of pregnancy
Any concerns or uncertainty about what you’re experiencing

Why is it crucial to report heavy bleeding during pregnancy? Excessive bleeding can be a sign of placental abruption, placenta previa, or other serious complications that require immediate medical attention.

Preparing for Labor: What to Do After a Bloody Show

Once you’ve experienced a bloody show, it’s time to prepare for the possibility of labor beginning soon:

Finalize your hospital bag and ensure it’s packed and ready
Inform your partner and support person that labor may be approaching
Review your birth plan and any last-minute questions for your healthcare provider
Rest and conserve energy for the labor process
Stay hydrated and eat light, easily digestible meals
Monitor for other signs of labor, such as regular contractions

How long after a bloody show does labor typically begin? There’s no exact timeline, as it can vary from hours to weeks. However, for many women, labor starts within a few days of noticing a bloody show.

Potential Complications and Red Flags

While a bloody show is usually a normal part of late pregnancy, it’s important to be aware of potential complications:

Placental Abruption:

Symptoms: Severe abdominal pain, back pain, and heavy bleeding
Risks: Can be life-threatening for both mother and baby if not treated promptly

Placenta Previa:

Symptoms: Painless, bright red bleeding
Risks: May require bed rest or early delivery

Preterm Labor:

Symptoms: Bloody show before 37 weeks, accompanied by contractions
Risks: Increased chance of complications for the baby if born too early

Why is it essential to differentiate between normal bloody show and these complications? Prompt medical attention for these conditions can significantly improve outcomes for both mother and baby.

Coping with Anxiety and Uncertainty

The appearance of a bloody show can bring a mix of excitement and anxiety for many expectant mothers. Here are some strategies to manage these emotions:

Practice relaxation techniques like deep breathing or meditation
Communicate openly with your partner and support system
Stay informed but avoid excessive online research that may increase anxiety
Focus on positive affirmations and visualizations of a successful birth
Engage in light, enjoyable activities to distract yourself
Trust in your body’s natural ability to prepare for childbirth

How can partners support expectant mothers during this time? Offering emotional support, helping with practical preparations, and being ready to contact healthcare providers if needed are all valuable ways partners can help.

Remember, every pregnancy and labor experience is unique. While a bloody show is an exciting sign that your body is preparing for childbirth, it’s important to stay calm and in touch with your healthcare provider. They can offer personalized advice based on your individual situation and medical history.

As you approach the final stages of pregnancy, trust in your body’s wisdom and the support of your medical team. The journey to meeting your baby is almost complete, and understanding signs like the bloody show can help you feel more prepared and confident as you approach this life-changing event.

Symptoms & Signs of Labor

Overview

What is a bloody show?

A bloody show is a common symptom during late pregnancy when a small amount of blood and mucus is released from the vagina. A bloody show occurs because the cervix starts to soften and thin (efface) and widen (dilate) in preparation for labor.

When your cervix dilates, it’s making room for your baby to pass through. Because it’s filled with blood vessels, it can bleed easily when dilation occurs. What you see in a bloody show is blood from your cervix, mixed with mucus from the mucus plug.

It sounds scary, but a bloody show is a very normal sign that your cervix is changing in preparation for labor. The length of time between having a bloody show and entering labor can vary between women.

What does a bloody show look like?

A bloody show will look different for everyone. The blood can be red, brown or pink and can contain all or parts of the mucus plug. It will be a jelly-like, stringy texture. Some bloody shows are more mucus-like with streaks of blood. Some women lose the mucus plug all at once. In some cases, a bloody show will happen gradually.

How much blood is in a bloody show?

The bloody show should not produce more than a tablespoon or two of discharge. Severe bleeding at any time can be a sign of a complication. Contact your healthcare provider if you experience heavy bleeding during pregnancy.

What is the difference between a bloody show and a mucus plug?

A bloody show and a mucus plug are closely related. The mucus plug blocks the opening of the cervix during pregnancy to protect the baby from bacteria. As your body prepares for labor, the cervix dilates (expands). This causes the mucus plug to dislodge. When blood from your cervix is mixed in with the mucus plug, it is called a bloody show.

What does a bloody show mean?

A bloody show usually means labor is coming soon. Some women experience a bloody show weeks before labor and others don’t have a bloody show until they are in labor. It’s a good indication that your body is getting ready and your baby is in the final stages of development.

How long does a bloody show last?

The amount of time the bloody show lasts will vary. It’s usually seen in your underwear or on toilet paper. Some women will see the bloody show in one blob while others may notice it gradually.

Possible Causes

What are the causes of a bloody show?

A bloody show occurs as a natural progression of labor. Your cervix goes through big changes to prepare for delivery. As your cervix begins to open, the blood vessels of the cervix rupture — this is the bloody show.

A bloody show can also be triggered by:

Sexual intercourse: Your cervix thins and dilates in the last weeks of pregnancy. Having sex can loosen the mucus plug or cause light bleeding.
Membrane sweeping: Your healthcare provider may sweep your membranes while checking your cervix for dilation. They will use gloved fingers to loosen the baby’s bag of water (amniotic sac) from your uterus. This is done to encourage labor but can also cause some bleeding.
Trauma: Falling or being in a car accident could cause your body to go into labor or bleed. If you have experienced any trauma, call your healthcare provider or go to a hospital to get checked.

Women who notice vaginal bleeding should contact their healthcare provider to be safe. Bleeding during pregnancy can be normal, but it can also be a sign of a more serious complication.

What are the signs of a bloody show?

The biggest sign that the bloody show has occurred is you may notice a bloody mucus discharge from your vagina. In some cases, there are no signs.

Some women experience other symptoms of labor with a bloody show:

Cramping: You may feel period-like cramps that come and go over the course of hours or even days.
Pelvic pressure: As the baby drops down from your abdomen, you may experience pressure in your pelvis (referred to as lightening), vagina or back.
Contractions: You may feel tightening in your uterus that increases in duration and intensity.

These signs are good indications that your cervix is dilating to prepare for labor.

Is a bloody show a sign of labor?

A bloody show is a sign that labor is coming. There is not an exact timing as to how long after a bloody show labor will occur. This varies from woman to woman and from pregnancy to pregnancy.

Can you get a bloody show after a cervical exam?

If your healthcare provider does a cervical exam (cervix check), it’s normal for spotting (or light bleeding) to occur. After 37 weeks of pregnancy, your healthcare provider may ask if you would like your cervix checked. They are checking the dilation and effacement (thinning) of your cervix. This could irritate your cervix and cause it to bleed, but it’s not necessarily the bloody show.

Will doing a membrane sweep cause a bloody show?

A sweeping of your membranes can cause a bloody show. If successful, the membrane sweep will trigger your cervix to dilate. This could cause a bloody show. It could also be blood caused by the cervix becoming irritated. Membrane sweeping is a practice that varies amongst healthcare providers and is not always performed.

Is cramping a side effect of a bloody show?

Yes, some cramping can occur when you have a bloody show. Your cervix is opening, softening and expanding in preparation for birth. This can cause period-like cramping or aches. You may also feel a cramping pressure in your pelvis as the baby descends. These are common side effects of the bloody show because they are all signs labor is coming.

Will I know when I have a bloody show?

It varies. You may not be aware that your bloody show has occurred. In some cases, the discharge is so light and gradual it’s virtually undetected. You might also have a blood-tinged glob all at once and know it’s a bloody show. It’s best to contact your healthcare provider if you believe your bloody show has occurred.

Care and Treatment

How is a bloody show diagnosed?

Your healthcare provider may ask you the color, consistency and amount of discharge. These details can help determine if you’ve had a bloody show. Since it’s a normal progression in pregnancy, there is not a treatment.

What do I do when I have a bloody show?

You should write down or take a picture of the discharge. Note the color, consistency and amount. Your healthcare provider will be able to determine if this was a bloody show. They may also want to check your cervix for dilation. It’s also a good time to monitor yourself for other signs of labor.

How long after a bloody show will labor start?

Every pregnancy is different, so it’s difficult to say when labor will start after the bloody show happens. The bloody show means your cervix is dilating in preparation for labor. Labor can come within the next few hours, or it could still be days away.

When to Call the Doctor

When should I call the doctor after a bloody show?

It’s best to contact your healthcare provider if you think you have experienced a bloody show. Spotting or light bleeding in pregnancy can be common. Severe bleeding or bleeding earlier than the last few weeks of pregnancy can be signs of premature labor or other complications.

Does a bloody show mean it’s time to go to the hospital?

A bloody show means your cervix is preparing for labor. For some women, labor begins shortly after the bloody show, but for others it could still be several days away. If you are unsure if you are experiencing a bloody show or think you are in the early stages of labor, contact your healthcare provider.

When is it bad to have a bloody show?

A bloody show is usually not a concern if it happens after 37 weeks of pregnancy. Some light bleeding can be a normal part of pregnancy. Bleeding heavily or uncontrollably could indicate a more serious complication. If you have bloody discharge, you should contact your healthcare provider to be sure.

A note from Cleveland Clinic:

It’s normal to feel excited and nervous about labor and delivery. Discussing the signs and symptoms with your healthcare provider can help you know what to expect. Don’t hesitate to voice your concerns about any vaginal bleeding during your pregnancy.

Vaginal Bleeding During Early Pregnancy and Spotting During Pregnancy

Top things to know about bleeding during pregnancy:

Spotting is any bleeding from the vagina, outside your menstrual period
Spotting is a common symptom of early pregnancy
Bleeding during pregnancy is usually nothing to worry about
If you’re pregnant and experience heavy bleeding, call your healthcare provider

What is spotting?

Spotting is any bleeding from the vagina outside your menstrual period. Light bleeding at the beginning or end of your period is not spotting. In this article we use bleeding and spotting interchangeably.

Bleeding during early pregnancy is common

Vaginal bleeding is a common symptom of early pregnancy. About 1 in 4 people experience spotting during early pregnancy, usually in gestational weeks 5 and 8 — this is about 1 to 4 weeks after someone expects their period (1). This bleeding can sometimes be confused with a light period (2).

Is bleeding during pregnancy a symptom of miscarriage?

Light bleeding is usually nothing to worry about—research has shown that people with spotting are not more likely to have a miscarriage than people who don’t have spotting (1). However, heavy bleeding may be more of a concern. If you’re pregnant and bleeding, call your healthcare provider to check in, just so they know what’s going on.

Is spotting during early pregnancy implantation bleeding?

While many sources call spotting in early pregnancy “implantation bleeding,” there isn’t strong evidence that this bleeding is associated with an embryo’s implantation in the uterus.

Bleeding in early pregnancy may actually be related to hormonal changes, as the production of progesterone switches from the ovary to the forming placenta (1).

Download Clue and track bleeding episodes and spotting.

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Is spotting a symptom of ectopic pregnancy?

Spotting can be a symptom of an ectopic pregnancy (3). This is a pregnancy that is growing somewhere other than the uterus, usually the fallopian tube. Ectopic pregnancy bleeding may be coupled with other symptoms including abdominal pain on one side, shoulder pain, and/or dizziness.

If you experience symptoms of spotting and suspect you may have an ectopic pregnancy, seek immediate medical help.

What Does This Symptom Mean?

Tanya Tantry, MD — Obstetrician & Gynecologist, Medical Consultant at Flo

It can be scary to see some spotting during pregnancy. But it’s not all that rare and in some cases may be normal for your pregnancy.

If you’re concerned about spotting while pregnant or bleeding during early pregnancy, read on. We’ve listed some common causes for spotting in early pregnancy and each of the trimesters.

Vaginal Bleeding in Early Pregnancy

Vaginal Bleeding in Early Pregnancy | One Medical

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Updated December 7, 2018.

As many as 20 to 40 percent of women experience vaginal bleeding during the first trimester of their pregnancy. Vaginal bleeding includes spotting — very light bleeding that ranges in color from light pink to red to brown — as well as heavier bleeding — sometimes enough to soak through multiple pads. Bleeding may be accompanied by abdominal cramps.

But vaginal bleeding in early pregnancy isn’t necessarily a cause for alarm. We explain its causes and when to seek medical attention.

What can cause vaginal bleeding?

Vaginal bleeding in early pregnancy is very common. Here are some reasons why it occurs:

Sex. More blood flows to the cervix during pregnancy so it’s not uncommon to experience spotting after intercourse.
Cervical inflammation. Vaginal infections, like a yeast infection, bacterial vaginosis, or a sexually transmitted infection like gonorrhea, chlamydia, genital herpes, or trichomoniasis can inflame your cervix and may lead to bleeding. It’s important to be tested for STIs early in your pregnancy or before becoming pregnant.
Cervical polyps. Benign growths, or polyps, on the cervix may grow more quickly during pregnancy. Cervical ectropion, a generally benign physical abnormality of the cervix, may also cause bleeding.

Can it be a miscarriage?

A miscarriage is a pregnancy that ends before the 20th week of gestation. Some estimates suggest that up to 20 percent of known pregnancies end in miscarriage, and even more pregnancies result in miscarriage before a woman realizes she’s pregnant.

Vaginal bleeding, especially if accompanied by abdominal cramps, may be a sign of miscarriage, and is classified as a “threatened miscarriage” or an “inevitable miscarriage.” If your cervix is closed and vaginal bleeding is the only symptom you’re experiencing, you are likely experiencing a threatened miscarriage. This means that the pregnancy has not ended, despite vaginal bleeding, and it may or may not end in the future. A miscarriage is inevitable if the cervix is dilated, bleeding is increasing, and cramps are present.

For about half of women who experience a threatened miscarriage in the first trimester, the bleeding resolves and the pregnancy continues as normal. In the other 50 percent, the bleeding becomes heavier and a miscarriage occurs.

What causes a miscarriage?

There’s much we don’t know about miscarriages, but evidence suggests that most miscarriages occur due to a structural or chromosomal abnormality in the fetus. This knowledge sometimes offers consolation to women and their families.

Documented risk factors are a previous miscarriage, advanced maternal age, and smoking. Additional risk factors may include infection, environmental toxins, an insufficient cervix (a cervix that opens too soon), and alcohol use. Uncontrolled chronic conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, and thyroid disease, as well as drug use, may also contribute to miscarriage risk.

There’s no concrete evidence to suggest that stress, physical activity, or sexual intercourse increase the risk of miscarriage. Caffeine use also does not seem to increase the risk of miscarriage except in extreme cases (10 cups or more a day).

What is an ectopic pregnancy?

Another cause of vaginal bleeding is an ectopic pregnancy. An ectopic pregnancy occurs when an embryo implants in a place other than the lining of the uterus, most commonly in a fallopian tube. About two percent of pregnancies are ectopic, and it is a serious situation. The embryo is unable to develop properly and as it grows it may rupture the organ it’s attached to, resulting in a potentially life-threatening situation for the woman.

Since bleeding can be a sign of an ectopic pregnancy, your provider’s first step will be to rule out this possibility. To do so, your provider may order an ultrasound to establish where the embryo is implanted. He or she may also order blood work.

When should I call my provider?

If you’re experiencing vaginal bleeding during your first trimester, it’s important to call your provider right away. Your provider will want to evaluate you immediately for an ectopic pregnancy. Your provider will also want to rule out other possibilities, such as an infection. If you’re having a miscarriage, your provider will want to review options with you and make sure you have the right support.

If a miscarriage is starting, can I stop it?

If a miscarriage has started, unfortunately, there’s no way to stop it. Your provider may recommend bed rest or abstaining from sex, but studies don’t indicate definitively that either reduces the chances of miscarrying.

My provider says I’m having a miscarriage. What do I do?

There are a few options:

Observation: If you are under 12 weeks pregnant and have no signs of infection, your provider may offer the option to wait for the pregnancy to pass on its own. This usually takes about 2 weeks. Once the pregnancy has passed, your provider will conduct an ultrasound to confirm that the miscarriage is complete.
Medication: In some cases, your provider can prescribe medication to help your body pass the pregnancy. The medication usually works over the course of a few days.
Surgery: Manual vacuum aspiration or dilation and curettage can be performed to remove the contents of the uterus. The procedure takes about 10 to 15 minutes and is usually performed in an outpatient setting. The surgical method may be preferred if you do not wish to wait for the pregnancy to pass or if you have an infection.

After a miscarriage, your provider will recommend not having sex or inserting anything in your vagina, such as a tampon, for two weeks.

Here to keep you healthy. And informed.

Get 24/7 care over video chat from the comfort of home or wherever you go. Join today and experience primary care designed for real life, in-office and in-app.

Jesahel Alarcon

Jesahel joins One Medical Group with a deep passion for collaborating with patients as well as providers in order to offer a holistic healthcare approach. She consults with primary care and complementary medicine providers to present patients a variety of treatment modalities, and believes it’s important to allow patients to participate in their treatment plans. She strives to provide a safe space for patients to voice their concerns and have those concerns addressed respectfully, concisely and appropriately. Jesahel came to One Medical in order to be part of a dynamic group that offers quality, evidence-based care to patients in a setting that is respectful of both client and provider needs. She believes One Medical is unique in its mission to provide high-quality, evidence-based care in a manner that allows providers to have work-life balance. Outside of One Medical, Jesahel is an Assistant Clinical Professor at UCSF through the School of Nursing, Department of Family Health Care Nursing, Pediatric Nurse Practitioner Program. She also volunteers as a faculty member at UCSF through the midwifery department and traveled to Guatemala with second-year midwifery students to mentor them in providing prenatal and post-partum care to indigenous women in the Guatemalan Highlands. Jesahel originally hails from Mexico City, and graduated from the UCSF Masters Entry Program in 2011 before settling in Berkeley with her husband. She is certified by the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners (AANP). Besides training for triathlons, quilting, sewing, and knitting, Jesahel loves taking her dog on long jaunts to the local dog park.

The One Medical blog is published by One Medical, an innovative primary care practice with offices in Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Los Angeles, New York, Orange County,Phoenix, Portland, San Diego, the San Francisco Bay Area, Seattle, and Washington, DC.

Any general advice posted on our blog, website, or app is for informational purposes only and is not intended to replace or substitute for any medical or other advice. The One Medical Group entities and 1Life Healthcare, Inc. make no representations or warranties and expressly disclaim any and all liability concerning any treatment, action by, or effect on any person following the general information offered or provided within or through the blog, website, or app. If you have specific concerns or a situation arises in which you require medical advice, you should consult with an appropriately trained and qualified medical services provider.

Abnormal Vaginal Bleeding | CS Mott Children’s Hospital

Are you having any abnormal vaginal bleeding?

Bleeding is abnormal if it occurs at a time when you aren’t expecting it or if it’s a lot heavier or lighter than what you are used to.

Yes

Abnormal vaginal bleeding

How old are you?

11 years or younger

12 to 55 years

56 years or older

Are you male or female?

Why do we ask this question?

If you are transgender or nonbinary, choose the sex that matches the body parts (such as ovaries, testes, prostate, breasts, penis, or vagina) you now have in the area where you are having symptoms.
If your symptoms aren’t related to those organs, you can choose the gender you identify with.
If you have some organs of both sexes, you may need to go through this triage tool twice (once as “male” and once as “female”). This will make sure that the tool asks the right questions for you.

Are you pregnant?

Yes, you know that you’re pregnant.

Pregnancy

No, you’re not pregnant, or you’re not sure if you’re pregnant.

Pregnancy

Have you been skipping periods or bleeding a lot less than usual?

Yes

Periods are absent or lighter than usual

Has vaginal bleeding started before age 9?

Yes

Vaginal bleeding started before age 9

Do you feel lightheaded or dizzy, like you are going to faint?

It’s normal for some people to feel a little lightheaded when they first stand up. But anything more than that may be serious.

Do you have new pain in your lower belly, pelvis, or genital area that is different than your usual menstrual cramps?

Yes

Lower abdominal, pelvic, or genital pain

How bad is the pain on a scale of 0 to 10, if 0 is no pain and 10 is the worst pain you can imagine?

8 to 10: Severe pain

Severe pain

5 to 7: Moderate pain

Moderate pain

1 to 4: Mild pain

Mild pain

Has this amount of bleeding been going on for 4 hours or longer?

Yes

Bleeding 4 hours or more

Is the bleeding happening at an expected time during your menstrual cycle?

Yes

Bleeding is at expected time during menstrual cycle

Do you think that the symptoms may have been caused by sexual abuse?

Have you been bleeding for more than 2 weeks without stopping?

Yes

Bleeding for more than 2 weeks without stopping

Do you think you may have a fever?

Do you have a rash that looks like a sunburn?

Do you have any bleeding after intercourse or douching?

Yes

Vaginal bleeding after intercourse or douching

Do you think that a medicine may be causing the bleeding?

Think about whether the bleeding started after you began using a new medicine or a higher dose of a medicine.

Yes

Medicine may be causing vaginal bleeding

Do you use a form of birth control that contains hormones?

This could be birth control pills, implants, vaginal rings, skin patches, injections, or an IUD that contains hormones.

Yes

Hormonal birth control method

If your periods have stopped because of menopause, has it been at least 6 months since your last one?

Yes

In menopause and 6 months since last period

Are you taking hormone replacement therapy, such as estrogen or progestin?

Hormones can cause changes in your normal bleeding patterns, especially when you first start taking them.

Yes

Hormone replacement therapy

Have you had abnormal bleeding for at least 2 cycles or more than once a month?

Yes

Bleeding has occurred for at least 2 cycles or more than once per month

Have your symptoms lasted longer than 2 weeks?

Yes

Symptoms for more than 2 weeks

Many things can affect how your body responds to a symptom and what kind of care you may need. These include:

Your age. Babies and older adults tend to get sicker quicker.
Your overall health. If you have a condition such as diabetes, HIV, cancer, or heart disease, you may need to pay closer attention to certain symptoms and seek care sooner.
Medicines you take. Certain medicines, such as blood thinners (anticoagulants), medicines that suppress the immune system like steroids or chemotherapy, herbal remedies, or supplements can cause symptoms or make them worse.
Recent health events, such as surgery or injury. These kinds of events can cause symptoms afterwards or make them more serious.
Your health habits and lifestyle, such as eating and exercise habits, smoking, alcohol or drug use, sexual history, and travel.

Try Home Treatment

You have answered all the questions. Based on your answers, you may be able to take care of this problem at home.

Try home treatment to relieve the symptoms.
Call your doctor if symptoms get worse or you have any concerns (for example, if symptoms are not getting better as you would expect). You may need care sooner.

Severe vaginal bleeding means that you are soaking 1 or 2 pads or tampons in 1 or 2 hours, unless that is normal for you. For most women, passing clots of blood from the vagina and soaking through their usual pads or tampons every hour for 2 or more hours is not normal and is considered severe. If you are pregnant: You may have a gush of blood or pass a clot, but if the bleeding stops, it is not considered severe.

Moderate bleeding means that you are soaking more than 1 pad or tampon in 3 hours.

Mild bleeding means that you are soaking less than 1 pad or tampon in more than 3 hours.

Minimal vaginal bleeding means “spotting” or a few drops of blood.

Many prescription and nonprescription medicines can cause changes in vaginal bleeding. A few examples are:

Aspirin and other medicines (called blood thinners) that prevent blood clots.
Corticosteroids, such as prednisone.
Hormone therapy.
Thyroid medicines.

Pain in adults and older children

Severe pain (8 to 10): The pain is so bad that you can’t stand it for more than a few hours, can’t sleep, and can’t do anything else except focus on the pain.
Moderate pain (5 to 7): The pain is bad enough to disrupt your normal activities and your sleep, but you can tolerate it for hours or days. Moderate can also mean pain that comes and goes even if it’s severe when it’s there.
Mild pain (1 to 4): You notice the pain, but it is not bad enough to disrupt your sleep or activities.

Shock is a life-threatening condition that may quickly occur after a sudden illness or injury.

Adults and older children often have several symptoms of shock. These include:

Passing out (losing consciousness).
Feeling very dizzy or lightheaded, like you may pass out.
Feeling very weak or having trouble standing.
Not feeling alert or able to think clearly. You may be confused, restless, fearful, or unable to respond to questions.

Seek Care Now

Based on your answers, you may need care right away. The problem is likely to get worse without medical care.

Call your doctor now to discuss the symptoms and arrange for care.
If you cannot reach your doctor or you don’t have one, seek care in the next hour.
You do not need to call an ambulance unless:
- You cannot travel safely either by driving yourself or by having someone else drive you.
- You are in an area where heavy traffic or other problems may slow you down.

Seek Care Today

Based on your answers, you may need care soon. The problem probably will not get better without medical care.

Call your doctor today to discuss the symptoms and arrange for care.
If you cannot reach your doctor or you don’t have one, seek care today.
If it is evening, watch the symptoms and seek care in the morning.
If the symptoms get worse, seek care sooner.

Make an Appointment

Based on your answers, the problem may not improve without medical care.

Make an appointment to see your doctor in the next 1 to 2 weeks.
If appropriate, try home treatment while you are waiting for the appointment.
If symptoms get worse or you have any concerns, call your doctor. You may need care sooner.

Call 911 Now

Based on your answers, you need emergency care.

Call 911 or other emergency services now.

Sometimes people don’t want to call 911. They may think that their symptoms aren’t serious or that they can just get someone else to drive them. Or they might be concerned about the cost. But based on your answers, the safest and quickest way for you to get the care you need is to call 911 for medical transport to the hospital.

Pregnancy-Related Problems

Missed or Irregular Periods

What Causes It and When It’s Dangerous

Approximately one-fourth of women will experience bleeding during the first trimester of pregnancy.
Some causes of bleeding during pregnancy are harmless, such as implantation bleeding.
Heavy bleeding may be a sign of complications, as it can indicate a miscarriage or ectopic pregnancy.
Visit Insider’s Health Reference library for more advice.

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There are many reasons women bleed during pregnancy. Some causes are harmless, while others are serious. The cause and severity of the condition will vary depending on whether bleeding occurs in the first, second, or third trimester.

About one-fourth of women will experience bleeding during their first trimester or the first three months of pregnancy. Approximately one in 10 women will experience bleeding during the third trimester.

“The seriousness is all dependent on the reason behind the bleeding,” says Julie Lamppa, APRN, CNM, midwife at the Mayo Clinic. “It can be completely benign, or it could be something that could potentially threaten the pregnancy. It’s important your provider knows the full situation.”

Learn more about the potential causes of bleeding during pregnancy and why it is important to seek treatment.

Causes of bleeding during pregnancy

Though it depends on each individual situation, bleeding after mid-pregnancy is associated with increased risk to both mother and fetus. The seriousness is also determined by the heaviness and duration of bleeding, Lamppa says.

These are the most common causes of bleeding during pregnancy:

Bleeding during the first trimester

Implantation bleeding: This typically occurs 10 to 14 days after conception and comes in light spotting that lasts one to two days. This is considered normal and usually isn’t a cause for worry.
Early miscarriage: Miscarriage occurs in 15% to 25% of pregnancies. Depending on how early it occurs, bleeding can be heavy and last up to two weeks.
Ectopic pregnancy: This happens when the fertilized egg implants and grows outside the uterus, such as in a fallopian tube. If it is not detected early enough, severe bleeding may occur and result in dizziness and fainting. An ectopic pregnancy occurs in nearly 20 out of 1,000 pregnancies in North America, and it is a leading cause of maternal death in the first trimester.
Molar pregnancy: About one in every 1,000 pregnancies is diagnosed as a molar pregnancy, which is an overgrowth of placental cells that can cause mild to heavy bleeding, the passage of cysts, nausea, and vomiting. Because bleeding is a high risk in molar pregnancies, Lamppa says doctors will often perform a dilation and curettage procedure (D&C) to remove the fetal tissue.
Subchorionic hemorrhage: This is characterized by the bleeding of a membrane surrounding the embryo. Though it often goes away on its own with no permanent damage, a doctor should still be consulted. If the area of bleeding expands, it can sometimes lead to miscarriage.
Inflammation or infection of cervix: Also known as cervicitis, this condition can be caused by infection or irritation to the cervix, which may lead to bleeding, particularly after intercourse. The severity and the specific cause of the condition range from STIs to pelvic inflammatory disease. If due to an STI, cervicitis carries a risk of miscarriage or premature labor.

Bleeding during the second and third trimesters

Incompetent cervix: This is a cervical weakness that can lead to preterm birth or pregnancy loss. It can cause light bleeding, along with pelvic pressure and cramps. The condition occurs in approximately 0.5% of pregnant people, generally, and 8% in those with a previous history of miscarriage. Those with cervical weakness may require medication or a surgical procedure to keep the cervix closed until the pregnancy reaches term.
Placenta previa: It is important in pregnancy to know if your placenta has implanted normally. About 4% of pregnant women receive the diagnosis of placenta previa at their 20-24 week ultrasound. A previa is when the placenta is low and covers all or part of the internal cervix. Most placenta previas resolve on their own and move away from the cervix as the uterus grows. However, bleeding from a previa can be very dangerous for a pregnancy, and persistent previas always require cesarean section for delivery.
Placental abruption: Most likely to occur in the third trimester, placental abruption is when the placenta partly or completely detaches from the uterus. It happens in about 1% of pregnancies. If it is a serious form of abruption, it can cause heavy bleeding, Lamppa says, and can disrupt the blood supply to the baby.
Preterm labor: When contractions result in the opening of your cervix after week 20 and before week 37 of pregnancy it is referred to as preterm labor. This often causes mild spotting and can cause symptoms such as abdominal pain or pressure, feelings of tightening, and changes in vaginal discharge.
Uterine rupture: Though very rare and generally associated with severe pain, uterine rupture can also cause bleeding. It is a separation or tear in the uterus due to injury, multiple pregnancies, large fetus, previous scarring, or obstruction.
Miscarriage (before the 20th week): Second-trimester miscarriages occur in 2% to 3% of pregnancies. Aside from bleeding, they may be accompanied by loss of fetal movement and cramping.
Intrauterine fetal death: Another term for stillbirth, this is fetal death in the third trimester. Losses that occur in the final term are often caused by problems with the placenta, birth defects, infections in the fetus or placenta, as well as umbilical cord complications.
Normal signs of labor: Bleeding right before labor is often normal as the cervix is softening and getting ready, Lamppa says. This includes the loss of the mucus plug, which blocks the cervical opening until the baby is ready for delivery.

When to see a doctor about bleeding during pregnancy

You can’t have your period when you’re pregnant, but you may still bleed

Because each situation is different, any incidence of bleeding should be discussed with a healthcare provider to determine the seriousness of it, Lamppa says. From there, the doctor can use your history and current medical information to assess whether further evaluation is needed.

An ultrasound and an exam are often helpful in determining the cause of bleeding, but sometimes the cause remains unclear.

“Largely it is determined by whatever your provider tells you based on your personal clinical situation,” Lamppa says. “Generally speaking, if in the first trimester you know you have a viable intrauterine pregnancy with cardiac activity, that’s a good sign.”

Insider’s takeaway

While bleeding during pregnancy can be scary, it does not always mean there is something urgently wrong. Although it can indicate conditions like miscarriage and

ectopic pregnancy
, it can also be a normal part of the pregnancy.

However, heavy bleeding may be a sign of danger for the mother or fetus, particularly in the second and third trimesters. Conditions like placental abruption can lead to heavy bleeding and, in severe cases, fetal death.

If you are experiencing vaginal bleeding while pregnant, it is important to tell your doctor, who will determine how best to proceed.

“Always check with your provider,” Lamppa says. “Everyone’s experience can be different, so report any changes, even if they seem mild.”

What Do You Need To Know About Implantation Bleeding?

During pregnancy, your body goes through all kinds of changes. Some are obvious and expected, like a growing belly or the stoppage of your menstrual cycle. But did you know that very early on, you may experience some bleeding that could be mistaken for your period? This is called implantation bleeding, and we sat down with Heather Reed, MD, an obstetrics and gynecology physician and medical director of labor and delivery at Banner – University Medical Center Tucson, to learn what it is and when you should be concerned.

Q: What is implantation bleeding? Is it normal?

A: Pregnancy starts when an egg is fertilized in the fallopian tube and then makes its way to the uterus. When the fertilized egg reaches the uterus, it attaches to the uterine wall. When this attachment happens, you may experience a small amount of bleeding. This is called implantation bleeding and it is completely normal.

Q: How much bleeding is normal?

A: The amount of bleeding at implantation can vary between women. Some women may not experience any bleeding with implantation, while other women may have bleeding that compares to a light period and lasts two or three days. Anything on that continuum – from no bleeding to bleeding resembling a light period – can be considered normal.

Q: I’m experiencing bleeding that is heavier than a light period. Should I be worried?

A: Because implantation can be the same time as you might be expecting your period, it can be hard to tell the difference between implantation bleeding and your regular menstrual bleeding. It’s tough to know when you should be worried because every woman’s circumstance is different. However, any time bleeding saturates a pad in less than two hours it should be considered too much vaginal bleeding, and you should consult a physician.

Q: Are there other symptoms associated with implantation bleeding?

A: Some women experience slight cramping or nausea during implantation, in addition to light bleeding. Because implantation occurs so early in pregnancy it can be difficult to tell if the symptoms are from implantation or your regular monthly menstrual cycle.

Q: How do I know the difference between implantation bleeding, my menstrual period, and a miscarriage?

A: Unfortunately, there’s no way to tell the difference between implantation bleeding and menstrual bleeding. Implantation occurs 6-12 days after conception, which is around the same time you may be expecting your monthly period, and both can produce the same amount of bleeding.

If you think you may be pregnant, your best bet is to take a home pregnancy test. The level of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), a pregnancy hormone, can vary between women but most home pregnancy tests can detect pregnancy. However, it’s important to know that a home pregnancy test can produce a false negative because everyone’s hormone level is slightly different. While it’s possible to become pregnant and lose the pregnancy this early on – resulting in light bleeding that could be confused with implantation bleeding – a pregnancy loss this early isn’t considered a miscarriage.

If you think you’re pregnant, it’s best to make an appointment with an OBGYN. An OBGYN can provide a pregnancy blood test and if you are pregnant, start important prenatal care right away.

For additional information, check out these related articles: Is My Period Normal? — 7 Signs You Might Be Pregnant — Things You Should Know About Well-Women Visits. And for other helpful advice regarding pregnancy, visit the Banner Health blog.

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90,000 Why does nose bleed? – GAUZ OZP GKB No. 8

Sometimes a person can bleed from the nose, regardless of age. As a rule, this is not dangerous and is understandable. But this is not always the case, since nosebleeds can be caused by quite serious reasons that you do not know about. Now we will consider what needs to be done if blood is flowing from the nose and in what cases it is worth contacting a specialist.

Causes of bleeding

Increased pressure. The nose contains a large number of nerve endings and thin blood vessels that can rupture due to high blood pressure.
Mechanical damage. Due to the fragility of the capillaries in the nose, blood can flow from even slight damage, for example, with a handkerchief in case of a runny nose. Also, during a cold, blood vessels swell and may burst.
Dry air. Now this is one of the most pressing reasons, because in winter, in frost or in a room where the air is dry, the nasal mucosa dries up, which can also cause nosebleeds.

In addition to problems in the nasal cavity, there are a number of reasons related to disorders of the whole body that can cause bleeding. For example, with some diseases of the cardiovascular system, hypertension, atherosclerotic lesions of the cerebral vessels, circulatory problems in the cervical spine, blood circulation is impaired, as a result of which the pressure in the nasal capillaries increases. Thus, nosebleeds can signal serious health problems.

Also, experts note that nosebleeds for no apparent reason can be a symptom of blood clotting problems as a result of vitamin deficiency or drug overdose.

Among other things, the cause of bleeding can be an increased body temperature as a result of overheating in the sun, fever during the development of an infectious disease, as well as in pregnant women as a result of hormonal surges.

What if your nose is bleeding?

Sit up straight with your head tilted slightly forward.Remember that throwing your head back is prohibited – blood should not drain into the throat.
Hold the soft area of the bridge of the nose for 10-15 minutes, breathe through your mouth.
Apply something cool to your nose.
If blood continues to flow after 15 minutes, call an ambulance.

Remember that frequent bleeding is a good reason to see a doctor.

Source: http://www.takzdorovo.ru

How to distinguish menstruation from bleeding: features and differences

Menstruation is natural, except when something goes wrong.For example, when your period becomes much heavier than usual. Heavy bleeding during menstruation is a serious symptom that cannot be ignored.

Normal or not: in what cases heavy periods are a reason to see a doctor

Abundant menstruation can cause a lot of inconvenience, but this is not always a sign that something is wrong with a woman. In some cases, this may just be your quirk. However, if you notice the following signs, be sure to see your doctor:

Periods started much earlier than usual.
Menses last longer than 7 days.
Severe aching pain in the abdomen, which has never happened before.
You have to change your pads or tampons every 1-1.5 hours.
You feel weak and dizzy.

Cause of heavy periods

There are a lot of reasons for the appearance of heavy periods, and all of them cannot be ignored:

Benign tumors. In this case, in addition to heavy periods, there may be slight spotting in the middle of the cycle.
Taking some hormonal drugs. In this case, you should immediately contact your doctor so that he can find an alternative for you.
Malignant neoplasms of the uterus.
Diseases of the ovaries with hormonal imbalance.
Adolescence. The very first periods may be more profuse and last more than 7 days. But if all subsequent menstruation is heavy and prolonged, this is a reason to visit a gynecologist.
The premenopausal period may be accompanied by bleeding.
Inflammatory processes.
Endometriosis.
Pregnancy.
Ectopic pregnancy.
Diseases of the blood, in which there is increased bleeding.
Taking blood thinners.
Taking a hot shower, bath, sauna or bath at the beginning of menstruation.
Injury to the abdomen or birth canal.

What to do with heavy periods

For heavy periods, doctors recommend adhering to the following recommendations:

Avoid strenuous physical activity.
Do not lift heavy objects.
Refuse to drink strong coffee.
Do not take hot baths.
Do not go to the bath and sauna.

Over time, heavy periods can cause anemia. In this case, you may notice that:

You get tired quickly.
You want to sleep all the time and feel sluggish, even if you slept for 8-9 hours.
You often feel dizzy.
If you stand up suddenly, you may lose consciousness.
The discharge is lighter than usual.
The skin has become dry and has lost its luster and firmness.
Nails began to peel and break quickly.
Hair began to fall out.
You find it difficult to concentrate.

In all these cases, it is necessary to take a blood test and find out the level of hemoglobin and ferritin, as well as consult a doctor for the necessary treatment.

When should an ambulance be called immediately

Abundant menstruation is very important to distinguish in time from uterine bleeding, in which you should immediately call an ambulance. A doctor must be called if:

Heavy bleeding started before your period.
The blood turns crimson.
Bleeding started after injury.
The intensity of the discharge continues to increase.
Bleeding started after menopause.
Pulse becomes weak or rapid.
The skin became pale, severe dizziness and nausea appeared.
Body covered in sweat.

How to stop or reduce bleeding before doctors arrive

Lie down and put your feet on a roller or pillow. This will help not disrupt blood circulation in vital organs.
Place an ice pack wrapped in a towel on the lower abdomen. Hold for 10 minutes, you can repeat it after a 10-minute break.
Drink a lot. Plain water, sweet tea, or rosehip decoction work well.

Be healthy!

90,000 Are brown discharge normal?

The color of your discharge can be related to several factors. While this is completely normal, brown discharge (unless it is accompanied by other symptoms or lasts more than 3 days) is rarely associated with something disturbing or disturbing. If something bothers you, make an appointment with your doctor or just tell your mother, relative or friend you trust about it.You will soon see that everyone has brown discharge from time to time!

Here are just some of the reasons why you may get brown discharge from time to time:

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS):

PCOS is a very common syndrome that affects ovarian function. PCOS has several visual symptoms, one of which is brown discharge. Brown vaginal discharge accompanied by other symptoms, such as unpredictable or irregular periods, excessive body hair, or pimples, may mean you should get tested for PCOS by your gynecologist.

Hormonal methods of contraception:

When you take hormone-containing contraceptives such as pills, implants or an IUD (intrauterine device), your body goes through a process of getting used to changes in hormone levels. When you change or start taking contraceptives, you may notice bloody or brown discharge for some time. Brown discharge from this hormonal change is completely normal as your body gets used to it, so don’t worry.

Perimenopause:

Perimenopause refers to a state of not having a period for at least 12 months, usually around menopause. During this time, the consistency, color and texture of your discharge may change as your menstrual cycle becomes more irregular and eventually stops. If you are just in perimenopause, we have a good short article to help you understand the symptoms.

Pregnancy:

During pregnancy, brown vaginal discharge can be caused by several reasons, one of which is implantation bleeding.Implant bleeding during the first 4 weeks is common and not cause for concern. This happens when the embryo attaches itself to the wall of the uterus, causing the small blood vessels to burst. Women usually notice this 7-10 days after conception, and it is often one of the first signs of pregnancy.

Despite some concern, in most cases there is no reason to worry about bleeding or discharge during pregnancy. However, if you are concerned about any of the symptoms, see your doctor for more information.

Sexually transmitted infections:

Visible brown discharge before menses, along with other symptoms, can potentially be an indicator of an STI such as chlamydia or gonorrhea. If you experience a burning sensation when urinating, an unpleasant odor, a discolored discharge, or pain during sex, see your doctor. Remember to talk to your partner about protection and safer sex.

Although brown discharge may appear unexpectedly and you may not understand why, try not to worry too much.Naturally, the discharge changes color and consistency throughout the cycle, and the discharge will be different every day! If you are concerned that your discharge may be related to any of the conditions listed above, contact your doctor to discuss next steps.

At the same time, using a panty liner, you will feel more comfortable and brown discharge will not bother you during the day.

90,000 Signs of pregnancy – Clinic Health 365Ekaterinburg

Pregnancy symptoms – what are they?

Symptoms of pregnancy or signs of pregnancy are, as a rule, a combination of certain physiological changes in the body that a woman notes in her early stages of pregnancy.

Sometimes one hears that it is wrong to say “symptoms of pregnancy”, because if there are symptoms, then there is a disease, and pregnancy is not a disease. But if we rummage through the dictionaries, we find that the word “symptom” comes from the Greek sýmptoma, i.e.e. “sign”, “case”, “coincidence”. Thus, “symptoms of pregnancy” is just a synonym for the phrase “signs of pregnancy”, which is quite true. Symptoms of early pregnancy or the first symptoms of pregnancy are different from those that occur later in pregnancy.

Knowledge of the signs of pregnancy allows a woman in the early stages to show increased attention to her health, and, consequently, to the health of the unborn baby, a pregnant woman will be able to determine her pregnancy at the earliest possible time and, accordingly, in time to decide for herself the issue of its prolongation (preservation, continuation).

All women are surprisingly different, so the symptoms experienced by a woman during pregnancy may differ. Some women feel pregnant even before the test is positive. Below are nine symptoms of pregnancy.

The first symptom of pregnancy is implantation bleeding.

This is one of the earliest symptoms. On the sixth to twelfth day after conception, the embryo is introduced (attached, implanted) into the wall of the uterus.Some women notice a small amount of red discharge (spots) that can be pink or reddish brown. If you have bleeding pain or bleeding, see your doctor immediately, as this could be a sign of an ectopic pregnancy.

The second symptom of pregnancy, it is also the main one is a delay in menstruation

This symptom must be present in a normal pregnancy.You should be aware that sometimes bleeding occurs during pregnancy. The main thing is not to confuse them with your period, especially on the days when your period should have started, that is, at 4, 8, 12 weeks of pregnancy. Bleeding during pregnancy is a sign of threatened termination. Therefore, if you notice this symptom in yourself, then immediately contact a specialized medical institution. With timely treatment, there is every chance of maintaining the desired pregnancy. Menstruation does not occur throughout pregnancy and usually during breastfeeding.

The third symptom of pregnancy is an increase in basal temperature.

Basal temperature at the onset of pregnancy rises above 37 degrees. If you notice some symptoms of pregnancy in yourself or even have it confirmed by a doctor and at the same time observe a decrease in basal temperature, consult a doctor. A decrease in basal temperature may be due to the threat of miscarriage. For a reliable result, measure the temperature correctly.It should be measured in the rectum, immediately after waking up, in the morning.

The fourth symptom of pregnancy is profuse discharge.

In this case, we do not mean spotting. Women know that vaginal discharge is normally odorless and almost colorless. Their number increases during ovulation and, as you now know, during pregnancy. On 9/10 you are pregnant if you have a delayed menstruation, profuse discharge and an elevated basal temperature.

The fifth symptom of pregnancy is swelling and (or) increased sensitivity of the mammary glands.

Many women say that the sensitivity of the mammary glands changes. This symptom may appear 1 to 2 weeks after conception. Breast swelling and tenderness can occur not only as a result of pregnancy. Other causes include premenstrual syndrome (PMS), birth control pills, or hormonal imbalances.

The sixth symptom of pregnancy is toxicosis.

Nausea or vomiting in the morning usually does not occur in the early stages, but some women experience nausea as early as the third week. Many women believe that toxicosis is morning sickness and vomiting. But it is not so. In addition to nausea and vomiting, signs of toxicosis include a heightened sense of smell and aversion to certain foods. Many pregnant women cannot tolerate certain odors during early pregnancy.A heightened sense of smell is a side effect of a rapid rise in the level of estrogen in your blood. Aversion to certain foods is even more common than cravings for certain foods during pregnancy. You may suddenly find that certain foods, even your favorite foods, disgust you.

The feeling of fatigue, which will be discussed below, is also referred to by some obstetricians as manifestations of toxicosis. Toxicosis, most often, goes away on its own by 12-14 weeks of pregnancy.

The seventh symptom of pregnancy is feeling tired.

Fatigue can be as pronounced as if you were running a marathon. Fatigue is caused by elevated levels of progesterone and other hormones required for a child’s development.

The eighth symptom of pregnancy is frequent urination and constipation.

You may suddenly realize that you are using the toilet with an alarming frequency.

Ninth pregnancy symptom – headache and migraines.

Usually headaches are caused by hormonal changes in the body. If headaches occur, you cannot self-medicate, since most of the known pain relievers are contraindicated during pregnancy, especially in the early stages.

Generic certificate

Exchange card.Sick leave. Decree

Federal standard for pregnancy management

Ultrasound during pregnancy

Pain in the lower abdomen

Menstrual pain

Signs of pregnancy

Hysteroscopy

Colposcopy

Hysterosalpingography

Ultrasound of the small pelvis

Ultrasound of mammary glands

Mammography

Mastopathy

Laparoscopy in gynecology

Uterine myoma

Endometriosis

Ovarian cyst

Sexually transmitted diseases

Inflammatory diseases

Bacterial vaginosis

Human papillomavirus

Ovulatory syndrome, symptoms

Adenomyosis

Ectopic pregnancy

Miscarriage

Menopause.Menopause syndrome

Urinary incontinence

Descent of internal organs

Premature birth

Removal of the uterus

Intimate plastic surgery

Blood hemostasis

Determination of hemostasis

Blood performs several vital functions, including transport. Thanks to the branched circulatory system, each cell constantly receives oxygen, the nutrients it needs and gives off metabolic products.It is worth depriving the brain cells of the flow of oxygen-rich blood for 30 seconds, and consciousness can be impaired. In order for all tissues and organs to work harmoniously, oxygenated blood must constantly, steadily move through the arteries to the periphery and through the veins – back to the heart.

Any obstacle on its way, for example, atherosclerotic plaques, blood clots or vascular damage, are associated with a risk to health or life. A wise and complex system – hemostasis – helps to prevent their formation, to ensure the unhindered penetration of blood to each cell.

Hemostasis from the ancient Greek language can be translated as “stopping the blood”.

Blood circulates in a closed system under pressure. The hemostatic system maintains its fluid state, stops bleeding if the vessel is damaged, thus maintaining a balance between coagulation and anticoagulation activity.

How does hemostasis work?

Hemostasis “starts working” automatically as soon as the integrity of the blood vessel is violated.In this case, the amount of blood loss does not matter – even the smallest scratch “launches” a complete blood coagulation program.

Coagulation proceeds sequentially in three stages ¹.

Spasm of the vessel
Damage to blood vessels, regardless of their size, is an emergency to which pain receptors are the first to react, triggering the development of reflex vasoconstriction. Due to a decrease in their lumen, the blood flow rate decreases and, accordingly, blood loss decreases.
Platelet hemostasis
The work of stopping bleeding involves the vascular wall itself, which normally behaves in relation to the blood that moves through the vessels, absolutely neutral, playing the role of a “conductor”. But as soon as the vessel is damaged, it instantly becomes an active participant in the events. One of the main roles in this “salvage” scenario goes to collagen, which is contained within the vascular wall. Even with a small area of damage, collagen fibers are “exposed”, blood cells – platelets – are channeled to them.
Collagen and one of the blood coagulation factors “start” a complex biochemical process — activation and aggregation (that is, gluing together) of platelets with the formation of a platelet or “white” thrombus, which helps to restore the integrity of the vessel.
However, the fight against bleeding does not end there.
Coagulation hemostasis
After the clot is formed, blood clotting factors are activated – special proteins that are contained in plasma and platelets and provide clotting.As a result, fibrin, a protein in the form of fibers, is formed from the inactive blood plasma protein fibrinogen. With its help, a fibrin network is formed around the platelet clot, which is able to retain platelets and other blood cells, including red blood cells, forming a strong red blood clot. He qualitatively “patches” the wound, tightening its edges and finally restoring the integrity of the damaged vessel.
At first glance, this “repair work” is over, but this is not entirely true, because a formed thrombus can disturb blood flow by reducing the lumen of the “repaired” vessel.To prevent this from happening when the task of the thrombus is completed, it is necessary for it to dissolve – fibrinolysis

What is fibrinolysis?

The fibrinolysis system functioning in the body prevents excessive thrombus formation. She is also included in the work when it comes time to dissolve the blood clot formed when the blood vessels are damaged. It is also called the anticoagulant (fibrinolytic) system.

When do disorders occur in hemostasis?

Unfortunately, sometimes failures appear in the hemostasis system, which are manifested either by a pathological tendency to bleeding, or, on the contrary, by an increased pathological formation of blood clots – thrombosis.

Increased bleeding due to existing coagulation disorders can be the result of a number of diseases and conditions, including ²:

Defects in the vascular wall itself
Low platelet count
Insufficiency of clotting factors
Excessive fibrinolysis, which leads to the dissolution of “desired” blood clots.

In the opposite situation, when violations are associated with excessive formation of blood clots, the problem may be caused by such factors ²:

Too high content of platelet activating substances
Blocking the process of fibrinolysis (dissolution of blood clots)
Blood stasis and others.

Types of hemostasis disorders

Several conditions and diseases are known that contribute to the disruption of various links of hemostasis

Disorder of platelet hemostasis

Thrombocytopenia – decrease in the number of platelets A decrease in the level of platelets can be a consequence of a number of diseases, including:

Aplastic anemias
Acute leukemia
Therapy with cytostatics (drugs for the treatment of malignant tumors), radiation therapy
Vitamin B12, B9 deficiency
Thrombocytopenic purpura.

In addition, a decrease in platelet count can be caused by heavy bleeding.

Thrombocytopathy – dysfunction of platelets, leading to increased bleeding. May be caused by hereditary diseases, medication (for example, acetylsalicylic acid) and other factors.

Disorder of coagulation hemostasis

This type of disorder includes coagulopathy – hemorrhagic diathesis, in which the blood does not normally clot.They are hereditary and acquired.

Hereditary diseases include hemophilia, in which some coagulation factors are absent or insufficient, as a result of which the blood does not clot normally.

In patients with acquired coagulopathies, a deficiency of several coagulation factors may occur. Disorders of coagulation hemostasis include hypercoagulation , in which the ability of the blood to form blood clots increases.

DIC syndrome (disseminated intravascular coagulation, synonyms: consumption coagulopathy, thrombohemorrhagic syndrome) also belongs to coagulopathy.

With DIC syndrome, two pathological processes occur sequentially ²:

Disorder of blood coagulation, as a result of which circulation in small vessels is impaired
Violation of the formation of blood clots due to disturbances in the hemostasis system and, as a result, uncontrolled bleeding.

Vivid evidence of disseminated intravascular coagulation is the formation of blood clots in small vessels.

The causes of DIC syndrome can be infections, sepsis, shock, burns, abnormal pregnancy, acute leukemia, and other conditions and diseases.

In case of suspicion of hemostasis disorders, the doctor may prescribe various laboratory blood tests to identify these disorders.

References

Boon G.D. An Overview of Hemostasis // Toxicol.Pathol. 1993; 21 (2): 170-179.
Zinovkina V.Yu., Vismont F.I. Violations of hemostasis. Methodical recommendations / MGMI. Minsk, 2000.S. 63.
Andrew J. Gale Current Understanding of Hemostasis Toxicol Pathol. 2011; 39 (1): 273-280.doi: 10.1177 / 0192623310389474
T.V. Vavilova HOW TO BUILD A PROGRAM OF LABORATORY EXAMINATION OF A PATIENT WITH BLOOD COAGULATION DISTURBANCES. ATHEROTROMBOZ, 2017, No. 2: p.95-108.

SARU.ENO. 19.03.0436

Healthy veins during pregnancy

Vein load during pregnancy

Many women complain of heaviness, fatigue, and swelling of the legs during pregnancy.The reason is changes in hormonal levels, which lead to the fact that the walls of the vessels become more extensible. This is exacerbated by an increase in blood volume in the body – by about 20 percent, even in very early pregnancy.

Many women do not know that during pregnancy the load on the veins increases significantly. This is due to weight gain, hormonal changes, an increase in blood volume in the body, and the baby’s pressure on the pelvic area, where the large veins are located.

Initial symptoms of vein problems

Weight gain also increases the load on the leg veins. This slows down the venous blood flow from the ankles towards the heart. Stretching the walls of the veins also causes the venous valves to stop closing properly and blood can then flow in the opposite direction. Blood accumulates in the veins, which manifests itself in the form of tingling, itching and pain in the legs. Moreover, the accumulated blood causes the fluid to penetrate into the surrounding tissues, which leads to edema, especially pronounced in the ankle area.As a result, varicose veins can develop. It is necessary to undergo regular examinations with a doctor in order to detect him in time and take action.

Approximately half of all women develop varicose veins in their first pregnancy, and even more women suffer from it in their second pregnancy.

The risk of thrombosis is also increased three to five times compared to non-pregnant women. In fact, this risk even continues to increase up to six weeks after delivery, especially after a caesarean section or after severe blood loss.

Exercise and Sports: How to Reduce Vein Stress During Pregnancy

You can support venous health with exercise and sports such as prenatal exercise, walking, swimming and cycling. The transport of venous blood back to the heart is mainly stimulated by the action of the muscles of the legs, the so-called musculo-venous pump. Cold water causes blood vessels to contract and promotes better blood transport.Water in a Kneipp bath or a cold shower is ideal for this.

Tips for daily life

Avoid sitting or standing for long periods
For leg pain and swelling, lie with your legs lifted up using a pillow
Drink enough water
Avoid wearing high-heeled shoes
Strengthen veins with specific exercises
Wear compression jersey, it supports the walls of the veins

This additional load on the veins can cause the development of varicose veins, even in women who have never encountered it before.The legs become swollen and so-called “varicose veins during pregnancy” appear, which often, but not always, disappear again after childbirth. Pregnancy is often the onset of persistent venous disease, especially in women with additional risk factors such as hereditary connective tissue weakness or overweight.

Prevention of varicose veins with compression hosiery

Compression knitwear will help maintain the beauty and health of your legs.Medical stockings and tights do not look different from ordinary ones, and will go well with any clothes. In addition, manufacturers offer a huge selection of colors and models of compression hosiery.

For the prevention of vein diseases, knitwear of the 1st compression class is sufficient. Class 2 knitwear is prescribed by a doctor and is used for severe signs of varicose veins or severe swelling caused by problems with veins. Stockings should be worn from the third month of pregnancy until two months after delivery or until the end of breastfeeding.

Also, prevention of thrombosis, if necessary, is carried out in hospitals or maternity hospitals. This includes wearing compression hosiery (a stocking to prevent thrombosis), exercise, and possibly taking anticoagulants.

If you are planning a home birth or outpatient supervision, you should consult with your doctor promptly about possible precautions.

It is very likely that these symptoms will not recur in the future. But if your legs regularly swell, you should consult with your doctor and find out if this is a sign of a serious problem.

Streamers

In many pregnant women, rapid weight gain also affects the skin condition. If the connective tissue is weak, stretch marks appear, so-called “pregnancy scars”.They are often found on the legs, as well as on the abdomen and waist. Dry brushing or pinching with special oils can help prevent them. The use of compression hosiery can also counteract the increase in stretch marks.

Swelling of the legs

Almost every pregnant woman at least occasionally suffers from complete swelling of the ankles, feet or legs. Edema can be a warning of the onset of venous disorders. It is best to always consult your doctor.If necessary, he / she can prescribe medical compression hosiery.

Varicose veins and spider veins

Many pregnant women can develop varicose veins. If it disappears after childbirth, then it is “varicose veins of pregnant women.” However, it does not always disappear.

If a woman has weak connective tissue or is overweight, she may develop varicose veins during pregnancy.Compression stockings help minimize the risk of this condition.

Pregnancy and thrombosis

As a rule, pregnant women are at serious risk of developing thrombosis. This risk even increases for up to six weeks after the baby is born. Thrombosis occurs when a blood clot blocks a vein. This causes blood to stagnate and can have serious consequences.

By doing gymnastics, exercise, and wearing compression stockings, you can resist the risk of thrombosis.Anticoagulant medications can also be taken after consultation with a doctor and appropriate tests.

Preeclampsia (late toxicosis of pregnancy)

Swelling of the legs can also be a sign of preeclampsia. Be sure to consult your doctor if you notice this.

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90,000 Discharge during pregnancy

07.11.2018

Pregnancy is a new stage in the life of every woman, which brings previously unknown sensations and sometimes worries about her health or the health of her baby. One of the most frequently asked questions that a gynecologist encounters in his practice is normal vaginal discharge.
During pregnancy, normal discharge is light, white, may be slightly yellowish, without an unpleasant odor. The amount of discharge often increases. It is very common for pregnant women to develop white, cheesy discharge, which is caused by the Candida fungus known as thrush.During pregnancy, hormonal changes occur, which also affect the microflora of the vagina. If yellow or greenish discharge with an unpleasant odor appears, itching, burning, it is imperative to consult a gynecologist. This discharge can be caused by an infection in the vagina or sexually transmitted infections.
It is imperative to inform the gynecologist if spotting occurs during pregnancy. About 20% of expectant mothers in early pregnancy have spotting spotting.They can be of different shades, from light pink to dark brown. They can be seen in small numbers on toilet paper and are painless. Usually, such discharge is not associated with a poor outcome of pregnancy and it proceeds normally until the very birth. But still, spotting can be associated with complications of pregnancy, especially if they appear in the II or III trimester.
If bright red discharge appears, in large quantities, lasts longer than one day and is accompanied by pain in the lower abdomen, an urgent need to contact a gynecologist.Bleeding may indicate a risk of termination of pregnancy. With bleeding in early pregnancy, it is necessary to exclude an ectopic pregnancy, which often threatens a woman’s life and requires urgent medical attention. Bleeding in the II and III trimester of pregnancy threatens not only the life of the mother, but also the baby. The most common causes of bleeding at these periods are such urgent conditions as placenta previa, placental abruption, uterine rupture.