Menorrhagia: Symptoms, Causes, Treatments

Overview

What is menorrhagia?

Menorrhagia is a common disorder in women. Menorrhagia is the medical term for menstrual bleeding lasting for longer than 7 days. About 1 in every 20 women has menorrhagia.

Some of the bleeding can be very heavy, meaning you would change your tampon or pad after less than 2 hours. It can also mean you pass clots the size of a quarter or even larger.

Menorrhagia can lead to anemia if not treated. Also, the heavy bleeding can affect sleep, cause lower abdominal pain and make enjoyable activities a burden.

If you are experiencing weakness and a disruption to everyday life due to heavy bleeding, you should ask your doctor for treatment options.

Symptoms and Causes

What are the signs and symptoms of menorrhagia?

Signs of menorrhagia include:

• Soaking 1 or more tampons or pads every hour for many consecutive hours
• Doubling up on pads
• Changing pads or tampons during the night
• Long-lasting menstrual periods (longer than 7 days)
• Blood clots the size of a quarter or larger
• Bleeding that is keeping you from doing normal activities
• Constant pain in lower part of stomach
• Lacking energy
• Shortness of breath

What causes menorrhagia?

Menorrhagia can be caused by uterine problems, hormone problems or other illnesses. Other causes include:

• Growths or tumors of the uterus that are not cancer
• Cancer of the cervix or uterus
• Particular types of birth control
• Pregnancy-related problems (miscarriage or ectopic pregnancy, when the fertilized egg implants outside the uterus)
• Bleeding disorders
• Liver, kidney or thyroid disease
• Pelvic inflammatory disease (and infection of the female reproductive organs)
• Taking certain drugs, such as aspirin
• The menopause transition, also referred to as perimenopause
• Childbirth
• Fibroids or polyps in the lining or muscle of the womb

Diagnosis and Tests

How is menorrhagia diagnosed?

Menorrhagia is diagnosed by your doctor through a series of questions about your medical history and menstrual cycles. Usually for women with menorrhagia bleeding lasts for more than 7 days and more blood is lost (80 milliliters compared to 60 milliliters).

Your doctor may ask for information about:

• Your age when you got your first period
• Length of your menstrual cycle
• Number of days your period lasts
• Number of days your period is heavy
• Quality of life during your period
• Family members with a history of heavy menstrual bleeding
• Stress you are facing
• Weight problems
• Current medications

Physical tests or exams done to diagnose menorrhagia may include:

• Pelvic exam
• Blood test to check thyroid, check for anemia and how the blood clots
• Pap test to check cells from cervix for changes
• Endometrial biopsy to check uterine tissue for cancer or abnormalities
• Ultrasound to check function of blood vessels, tissues and organs

Sometimes additional tests are still required to understand the cause of bleeding, including:

• Sonohysterogram to check for problems in the lining of the uterus
• Hysteroscopy to check for polyps, fibroids or other problems
• Dilation and curettage (“D&C”). This test can also treat the cause of the bleeding. During this test, the lining of the uterus is scraped and examined under sedation.

Management and Treatment

How is menorrhagia treated?

Treatment for menorrhagia depends on how serious the bleeding is, the cause of the bleeding, your health, age, and medical history. Also, treatment depends on your response to certain medicines and your wants and needs. You may not want to have a period at all, or just want to reduce the amount of bleeding. In addition, your decision to get pregnant or not will affect what treatment you choose. If you do not have anemia, you can choose to not have treatment.

Common treatments include:

• Iron supplements to put more iron into your blood
• Ibuprofen to reduce pain and amount of bleeding
• Birth control to make periods more regular and reduce bleeding (pills, vaginal ring, patch)
• Intrauterine contraception (IUD) to make periods more regular and reduce bleeding
• Hormone therapy to reduce bleeding
• Desmopressin nasal spray to stop bleeding for certain bleeding disorders
• Antifibrinolytic medicines to reduce bleeding
• Dilation and curettage to reduce bleeding by removing the top layer of uterus lining
• Operative hysteroscopy to remove fibroids and polyps and remove lining of uterus
• Endometrial ablation or resection to remove all or part of the lining of the uterus
• Hysterectomy to surgically remove the uterus and you will stop having your period

How is menorrhagia managed?

To manage menorrhagia, some women stay home on days when they are bleeding heavily. Others leave the house if they know a bathroom will be nearby. Also, it is a good practice to keep pads and/or tampons in your purse or at work. Wearing dark pants or skirts can help if you are worried about stains on light-colored clothing. Additionally, you can use a waterproof sheet on your mattress to prevent stains.

Prevention

How is menorrhagia prevented?

Menorrhagia cannot be prevented. However, talking with your doctor to get diagnosed and treated can prevent other health issues in the future.

Outlook / Prognosis

What is the prognosis for living with menorrhagia?

If left untreated, menorrhagia can interfere with daily life. In addition, it can cause anemia and leave you feeling tired and weak. Other health problems can also arise if the bleeding problem is not resolved. With proper treatment and doctor assistance, menorrhagia can be managed and not cause a disruption to your life.

Living With

When do you call the doctor if you suspect menorrhagia?

You should call the doctor if you are passing clots the size of a quarter or larger. You should also call the doctor if you need to change your tampon or pad after less than 2 hours due to heavy bleeding.

When Is It Time to Call Your Doctor?

A woman’s menstrual cycle is very personal and highly individual. What’s considered a “normal” period for one woman may be extremely abnormal for another. Some women seem to be blessed with light periods and little discomfort, while others struggle with naturally heavy bleeding and pain.

“Heavy bleeding, or menorrhagia, is common among women and one of the most common problems I hear about from my patients,” says board-certified obstetrician and gynecologist Stephanie Shisler, M.D., F.A.C.O.G., of OB/GYN Associates of Rockwall and on the medical staff of Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Rockwall. “In fact, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reports that heavy bleeding affects more than 10 million women in the U.S. each year. This means that about one out of every five women experiences problematic periods. ”

“What many women do not know is that many options are available to treat menorrhagia,” Shisler adds. “Additionally, some women do not seek help because they are too embarrassed to talk with a doctor about their problem. Speaking openly with your doctor is very important in making sure you are diagnosed properly to get the optimum treatment.”

So how does a woman determine what is a normal menstrual period and what isn’t? When is it time to discuss concerns with your gynecologist?

On average, menstrual bleeding lasts about 4 to 5 days and the amount of blood lost is small — between 2 and 3 tablespoons. However, women who have menorrhagia usually bleed for more than 7 days and lose twice as much blood. Shisler recommends using these guidelines in determining when a doctor’s visit is mostly likely in order:

• Have a menstrual flow that soaks through one or more pads or tampons every hour for several hours in a row
• Need to double up on protection to control your menstrual flow
• Need to change pads or tampons during the night
• Have menstrual periods lasting more than 7 days
• Have a heavy menstrual flow that keeps you from doing the things you would do normally
• Have constant pain in the lower part of the stomach during your periods
• Are tired, lack energy or are short of breath

Just as the menstrual cycle is unique to each individual, so too are the potential causes of heavy bleeding. A woman may experience menorrhagia due to a hormone imbalance, non-cancerous uterine fibroids or polyps, problems related to pregnancy (miscarriage or ectopic pregnancy) or cancer of the uterus or cervix. Pelvic inflammatory disease and other more minor infections can also cause increased menstrual bleeding.

“The type of treatment I recommend will depend on the cause of the excessive bleeding and how serious it is,” says Shisler. “To evaluate the problem, I will obtain a comprehensive medical history and perform a thorough physical. I may request a blood test, Pap test, endometrial biopsy or ultrasound. Factors such as age, general health, and a woman’s wants and needs are also considerations in determining a treatment plan. For example, some women want to make sure they can still have children in the future. Others want to lessen the pain more than they care to reduce the amount of bleeding and some women do not want to have a period at all. I always discuss all treatment options with a woman and, together, we can decide which is best for her. ”

Shisler points out that a variety of treatment options exist for the various causes of heavy menstrual bleeding. Lifestyle modifications, including weight loss, can be helpful. Iron supplements may be prescribed to help ease anemia associated with heavy blood loss. Birth control pills and other hormonal options can help lighten and shorten menstrual flow as well as ease pain. And in more severe cases, surgical options such as hysterectomy and endometrial ablation to remove all or part of the endometrial lining of the uterus may be considered.

Left untreated, heavy or prolonged bleeding can stop you from living your life to the fullest. The good news is that it’s relatively easy to re-establish and maintain a healthy, regular cycle when you give your body the right support and seek the help of a qualified physician.

Sources:

http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/blooddisorders/women/menorrhagia.html

https://www.womentowomen.com/menstruation/the-menstrual-cycle/

 

Heavy Menstrual Bleeding (Menorrhagia) | Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

Heavy menstrual bleeding, also known as menorrhagia, is a menstrual condition characterized by heavy or prolonged menstrual periods. Heavy bleeding is a common concern for adolescents still learning what a “normal” menstrual cycle is for them. However, most adolescents do not experience blood loss severe enough to be considered heavy menstrual bleeding. It is not uncommon for an adolescent to experience heavy menstrual bleeding if they have irregular periods.

Heavy menstrual bleeding can interfere with an adolescent’s normal activities and cause anemia. If your teen has abnormally heavy periods that are causing pain or substantially affecting daily activities, your teen should be examined by a specialist in adolescent medicine or gynecology.

Heavy menstrual bleeding may be a temporary or lifelong condition. Fortunately, there are many effective treatments for the condition.

The cause of heavy menstrual bleeding in adolescents cannot always be determined, but several factors have been linked to the condition.

Hormonal imbalance

Hormone imbalances between estrogen and progesterone can cause heavy menstrual bleeding. The three most common in adolescents are:

• Dysfunction of the ovaries — when a teen’s body doesn’t ovulate (release an egg) during the menstrual cycle, this creates a hormone imbalance and can cause heavy menstrual bleeding.
• Polycystic ovarian syndrome
• Obesity
• Thyroid issues such as hypothyroidism

Bleeding disorders

Infections

• Sexually transmitted infections
• Pelvic infections

Structural problems

Problems with the sexual organs themselves can cause heavy menstrual bleeding. These may include:

• Polyps — small, benign (non-cancerous) growths that form on the lining of the uterus can cause heavy or prolonged menstruation.
• Uterine fibroids — benign tumors that form in the uterus can also cause prolonged or heavy menstrual bleeding.
• Cancer (very rare in teens) — malignant (cancerous) growths in the uterus or cervix can cause heavy or prolonged bleeding.

Medications

Medications that can contribute to heavy and prolonged menstrual bleeding include: hormone medications, anti-inflammatories and anticoagulants.

Pregnancy complications

Even during pregnancy, heavy menstrual bleeding can sometimes occur. Females who experience a single, late menstrual period that is exceptionally heavy may have experienced a miscarriage. These patients are managed at an adult facility.

Symptoms of heavy menstrual bleeding may include:

• Soaking through one or more sanitary pads or tampons every hour for several consecutive hours
• Needing to wake up to change sanitary protection during the night
• Needing to use double sanitary protection to control the menstrual flow
• Menstrual bleeding that lasts longer than a week
• Symptoms of anemia, like fatigue, light-headedness and shortness of breath
• Passing blood clots larger than a quarter
• Restricting activities because of heavy menstrual flow

At Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP), we welcome parents and caregivers as key partners in supporting a young person’s care during and after treatment for menorrhagia.

The diagnosis of heavy menstrual bleeding begins with a series of questions about the patient’s overall medical history, medications, menstruation cycle, sexual activity and any pregnancies.

Clinicians may ask the teen to track their bleeding and nonbleeding days, how heavy the menstrual flow was during each day, and how many pads or tampons were used.

To help young people develop the skills needed to be responsible for their own health, clinicians typically ask to spend time alone with patients during each visit. This helps young people become comfortable talking with their healthcare providers about their concerns and allows patients to ask questions that may be more difficult to say in front of their parents and caregivers. We respect the privacy and confidentiality of our young patients, while ensuring that young people are safe and connected to the appropriate services and resources they need.

A physical examination will follow the interview, along with a pelvic examination if appropriate. Additional tests may be performed to rule out other potential causes for the teen’s heavy menstruation.

Tests may include:

At Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, adolescent medicine specialists are able to manage the majority of cases of heavy menstrual bleeding. However, if necessary, a coordinated approach may be used with specialists from gynecology, hematology, radiology and endocrinology and others to accurately diagnose and treat patients with heavy menstrual bleeding.

Treatment for heavy menstrual bleeding will be recommended by your adolescent’s physician based on:

• Your adolescent’s age, overall health and medical history
• Cause and severity of the condition
• Your adolescent’s tolerance for specific medications, procedures or therapies
• Your adolescent’s future childbearing plans
• Effects of the condition on your adolescent’s lifestyle
• Your adolescent’s opinion or preference

In most cases, heavy menstrual bleeding can be treated with medication such as:

• Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (i. e. ibuprofen) that reduce blood loss and relieve painful menstrual cramps (dysmenorrhea)
• Oral contraceptives to better regulate the menstrual cycle and reduce prolonged or excessive menstrual bleeding
• Oral progesterone to balance hormone levels and reduce heavy bleeding.
• Hormonal intrauterine devices (IUD), which release a type of progestin, to decrease menstrual bleeding and cramping
• Tranexamic acid, taken only during menstrual bleeding, can reduce blood loss

In rare cases, if a surgical procedure is needed, the patient will be a referred to a gynecologist.

Girls and heavy menstrual bleeding: When it may be time to see a specialist:Inside Children’s Blog

For young women starting their menstrual cycles, many questions may arise for them about what’s normal and what’s irregular when it comes to their period.

The range of what’s normal with a young woman’s period is broad. Generally speaking, teen girls will have a period every 28 days. Although some teens may have their periods more or less often and it’s still considered a normal menstrual cycle.

“It can take time for a young woman’s body to get into a regular pattern with menstrual cycles,” said Dr. Nneka Holder, an adolescent medicine specialist who also helps direct Akron Children’s Young Women’s Bleeding Disorder Clinic. “I like to use the analogy of a toddler learning how to walk – it takes time and practice, days and months, for the toddler to figure out walking. The same is true of menstrual cycles. Young women’s cycles usually don’t get into a regular pattern at first – the body needs time to adjust.”

Some young women, however, do experience menstrual bleeding that goes beyond the normal amount of just under 3 oz. of blood per cycle. Heavy menstrual periods are those that consistently last longer than 7 days and require more than 7 absorption products a day.

“Heavy menstrual periods can lead to immediate issues such as becoming anemic, and may also indicate an underlying condition that needs treatment,” said Dr. Holder.

Symptoms of heavy menstrual bleeding

• Lasts 7 days or more per menstrual cycle (consistently)
• Requires more than 7 absorption products a day to manage flow
• Impacts the young woman’s quality of life, such as keeping her from participating in sports and other activities

Common underlying causes of heavy menstrual bleeding

• Bleeding disorders, such as von Willebrand disease (vWD)
• Infections, like sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)
• Hormonal problems, such as thyroid disorders

If your adolescent daughter has concerns about her menstrual cycle, encourage her to talk to her primary care doctor.

If she’s also experiencing symptoms such as excessive bruising, frequent nose bleeds and/or a history of excessive bleeding after surgery, contact Akron Children’s Young Women’s Bleeding Disorder Clinic at 330-543-8580.

Is My Menstrual Cycle Normal?

“Normal” menstrual cycles vary from person to person. Lots of different things can change your cycle, but a missed period may mean it’s time to take a pregnancy test.

What’s a “normal” menstrual cycle?

Your menstrual cycle lasts from the first day of your period to the first day of your next period. The average menstrual cycle is about 25-30 days, but it can be as short as 21 days or longer than 35 — it’s different from person to person. The number of days in your cycle may also vary from month to month. When you get your period, it’s normal to bleed anywhere from 2 to 7 days.

The average person loses anywhere between 1-6 tablespoons of menstrual fluid during each period. It can be thin or clumpy, and varies in color from dark red to brown or pink. (When you first start having your period, it may last only a few days or be super light.) If your period is so heavy that you have to change maxi pads or super tampons every hour, call your doctor or your local Planned Parenthood health center.

Everyone’s body is different, so their periods are different too — what’s “normal” varies from person to person, and can change over your lifetime. Some birth control methods or health conditions may also affect your period.

What if I miss a period?

A missed period is one of the first signs of pregnancy, but it doesn’t always mean you’re pregnant. Sometimes you skip a period for no reason at all, especially during the first few years of your period. Lots of other things can throw off your regular cycle and mess with the timing of your period. These include:

• Using hormonal birth control, like the pill, patch, ring, implant, and hormonal IUD

• Taking the morning after pill

• Changes in your hormones

• Being sick

• Taking certain medicines

• Exercising too much

• Poor diet and nutrition

• Stress

• Sudden weight gain or loss

• Having very little body fat, which can happen if you’re an athlete or have an eating disorder

• Menopause (when your period stops for good)

Take a pregnancy test if you had unprotected sex and then missed your period. Just missing your period isn’t a foolproof way to know that you’re pregnant — a pregnancy test is the only way to find out for sure. You can get a pregnancy test at drugstores or your local Planned Parenthood health center.

Hormonal birth control can affect your cycle, and even make your period stop altogether. If you’ve been using your birth control correctly or are on a highly effective method (like the IUD or implant), it’s very, very unlikely that a missed period means you’re pregnant. But you can always take a pregnancy test to be sure.

What if my period is irregular?

It’s really common to have irregular menstrual cycles at some point in your life — especially when you first start getting your period.

Examples of irregular periods include:

• Missing a period altogether

• Your period coming early or late

• Different PMS symptoms

• Heavier or lighter bleeding than usual

• Bleeding longer than usual

• Unpredictable timing of periods from month to month

Keeping track of your periods and symptoms on a menstrual cycle calendar or in an app is a good way to learn what’s normal for your body, and help you know if anything changes.

Some people’s periods are irregular a lot. It may just be the way their body naturally works, or it can be caused by a health problem. If many of your periods are irregular, unpredictable, or abnormal, talk with a doctor to make sure everything’s okay. They can also help you find a hormonal birth control method that may help make your period lighter and/or more regular.

When should I see a doctor about my menstrual cycle?

Contact your doctor or your local Planned Parenthood health center if:

• You’re worried that you might be pregnant because you’ve had unprotected sex and missed your period.

• Your period is so heavy that you have to change maxi pads or super tampons every hour.

• Your period lasts much longer than usual, or longer than 7 days.  

• You’re light-headed, dizzy, or your pulse is racing.

• You’re 16 years old and still haven’t gotten your period.

• You have severe pain before or during your period.

• You have unusual bleeding between periods.

• You suddenly feel sick or get a fever when using a tampon.

• Your periods or PMS keeps you from your normal day-to-day activities.

• Your periods stop or suddenly become irregular.

• Your period comes more often than every 21 days or less often than every 45 days.

• You get very anxious or depressed around the time you get your period.

Where can I go for help if I’m having problems with my period?

You can talk with your family doctor or gynecologist if you’re having a painful menstrual cycle or are worried about period symptoms or PMS. You can also visit a community health clinic or your local Planned Parenthood health center.

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Why am I Spotting Before, After, and in Between My Period?

You know when you’re on your period. The blood is flowing, your mood is swinging, and your cramping uterus just confirms what you already know to be true. When you’re spotting, things might not be so clear. Seeing a few red dots in your underwear could mean so many different things: pregnancy, ovulation, stress, a looming visit from Aunt Flo. Regardless of how well you know your body and your menstrual cycle, unexpected bleeding of any kind can be anxiety inducing. Don’t panic—we’ve got the lowdown on spotting before, after, and in-between your periods.

The Difference Between Spotting and Your Period

Generally, periods come every 21 to 35 days. Some women have shorter periods that last up to 2 days, while others menstruate for up to 7 days. Still others can bleed for even longer but this is a sign of a heavy period (or menorrhagia) and, although common, is not normal and can indicate that there are underlying reproductive issues.

The first day of your period is considered “day 1” of your monthly cycle and is often accompanied by period pains: headaches, cramps, cravings, and the like. Though it may seem like you’re bleeding out, the amount of blood women release is usually between 4 and 7 tablespoons. The color of period blood can range but is typically red or, if your uterus is shedding off old tissue, brown.

On the other hand, spotting can occur at any time during your monthly cycle and is most likely going to be just a few drops of blood throughout the day. Spotting blood is usually either light pink or dark brown. Though cramps and periods seem to be best buds, you probably won’t feel any pain if you’re spotting—unless you are experiencing implantation spotting but we’ll get to that.

Now that you’re clear on the differences between spotting and having your period, let’s move on to the really important stuff: why you’re spotting at different times throughout your menstrual cycle.

You’re Stressed

When our society glorifies busy-ness and often views a packed schedule as a status symbol, who isn’t stressed these days? No one, that’s who. Whether it’s stress from a chaotic career, family issues, or just general pressure to be amazing at everything (you really are enough, lady), increased levels of cortisol can take a toll on your menstrual cycle. While missed or irregular periods are common symptoms of being so stressed that you can’t even, so is spotting.

If you can correlate your spotting to times when your stress levels are through the roof, you may have identified the cause. Your best bet is to do what you can to tone down on the stress — take a bubble bath, do some yoga, or just start saying no to things you don’t want to do (or don’t really have time for). Managing your stress in a healthy way should help your spotting subside and your menstrual cycle go back to normal.

You are Ovulating

When you finish up your period, your brain signals to your ovaries that it’s time to make an egg. When your ovaries release that egg into your fallopian tube, you’re officially ovulating. This usually happens around day 14 of your cycle but, of course, this can vary if you have a shorter or longer cycle. That 12 to 24-hour window that your egg is waiting for sperm to find and fertilize it can cause bleeding. Though only about 1 to 2 percent of women have ovulation spotting, those who do may find that their pink or light brown spotting is mixed in with some “egg white” looking discharge, which is a sign of ovulation and fertility.

Your Eggo is Preggo

So, you know how your ovaries release an egg during ovulation? Well, if that egg isn’t fertilized, it dissolves into the inner lining of your uterus, which is sloughed off during your period. But if it is fertilized, it travels back up into your uterus, sperm in tow, and implants to start growing a baby. While your egg gets cozy in your uterus, you may experience what is known as implantation bleeding. This is one of the earliest signs of pregnancy but is not one that all women experience. If you do get implantation spotting, it can last anywhere from a couple of hours to a couple days and you just might feel a little bit of cramping in your lower abdomen.

Your Period Just Stopped

You just put the unused tampons from your purse back into the little black box on your counter (yay!) but – bam! – spots of blood in your favorite panties. WTH, right? Well, lady, hate to break it to you but this is one of the most common spotting times. The reason behind after-period spotting is usually that your uterus didn’t finish flushing out its unused inner lining. Unless your period starts again soon after it ends, you don’t have anything to worry about.

You Just Started, Stopped, or Switched Birth Control

Though men can’t seem to handle the side effects as well as women can, birth control is still such a great invention. Especially for those of us who don’t want children (yet or ever), dealing with the side effects is well worth it if it means preventing pregnancy. One of those side effects is spotting.

If you just got an IUD, spotting is a normal symptom that can last several months. Thankfully, many IUD users eventually have lighter periods or no periods at all. Similarly, starting, stopping, or missing a dose of an oral contraceptive can cause pink or brown spotting. This is due to your estrogen, which keeps the lining of your uterus in place. Doing anything that alters your estrogen levels can cause spotting.

You Took a Morning After Pill

That night of fun ended with you popping a Plan B on your way home the next morning. You thought all was good in your uterus but now you’re spotting. Don’t mistake this as a sign of pregnancy or your period. The hormones present in emergency contraceptive—estrogen and progesterone—can cause light spotting. It should go away pretty quickly so put on a pantyliner and go celebrate not being pregnant with a mimosa (or 3).

You Have Uterine Fibroids

Uterine fibroids are a type of benign tumor that grow in and around the wall of the uterus. Though doctors haven’t identified a specific cause of fibroids, they do say that African American women and overweight women are more at risk for developing them. Spotting is one of the main side effects, along with infertility, painful sex, lower back pain, and a chronically bloated feeling. In other words, don’t assume you have uterine fibroids just because you’re spotting. There are a lot of other causes that are far more likely.

You’re Sick

So this is a little tricky. Being sick with the cold or flu isn’t likely to cause spotting but not feeling well when you’re spotting could be a sign of another health problem—anything from an STI, like chlamydia, to a miscarriage to cervical cancer.

Don’t jump right to this conclusion, though. It’s another factor you can consider but isn’t necessarily a primary cause of spotting. Rule out stress, birth control, and pregnancy before you start Googling symptoms and diagnosing yourself. Actually, don’t even attempt to diagnose yourself. Go to your doctor if you think something is wrong—you know your body better than anyone.

You Recently Got Your 

First Period

Reaching your menarche may be the start of a decades-long menstrual cycle but rarely are the first few years of bleeding consistent. In addition to irregular periods making it hard to know when you’re safe to rock your white shorts, spotting is a common occurrence for girls who are just getting acquainted with tampons, cramps, and an undeniable craving for chocolate.

Should you worry?

Don’t worry until it’s time to worry. Basically, if you can link your spotting to stress, birth control, the morning-after pill, or your first period, you’re in the clear. If you think you have an STI, cervical cancer, are pregnant, or have uterine fibroids, it could be time to schedule an appointment with your doctor.

Overall, spotting is normal and nothing to freak out about. It’s not something you can (or need to) try and stop. Just let your uterus do its thing. On that note, if you are spotting for more than a week at a time, have any pain or discomfort during spotting, or just have a feeling that something isn’t right – trust your gut instinct and head to your gynecologist.

One final point on spotting: don’t use a tampon (even a low-absorbency one) to control spotting. This can greatly increase your risks of getting Toxic Shock Syndrome. Though using organic tampons eliminate the fear of having toxins in your vagina, spotting doesn’t produce nearly enough moisture to make using a tampon safe. Stick with a pantyliner and you’ll be just fine.

This article has been medically reviewed by Dr. Janet Brito.

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**We love reading your comments, but unfortunately are unable to post or respond to comments or questions that outline specific medical issues and seek medical advice. For any medical concerns, we always advise consulting a medical professional. If you’d like to learn more about your period, we’d recommend checking out other Blood and Milk articles.**

Featured image by Lana Abie

What It Means If Your Period Lasts For More Than A Week

I was told in middle school health class that your period should last between two and seven days. But I very quickly learned this was just the ideal situation for most people — not what everyone actually experiences. My first period lasted nine days. So, how long should your period last? And if it lasts more than a week, how do you know if there’s a cause for concern or if you just have a longer-than-average period?

It is possible that a long period is just normal for you, as long as you’re not experiencing any troublesome symptoms. However, all the blood loss resulting from long periods can lead to anemia, Salli Tazuke, MD, co-medical director with CCRM San Francisco, tells Bustle. If you’ve always had a long period, there’s probably nothing wrong, but you should get a blood count to make sure you’re not anemic. Getting enough iron from supplements or foods like spinach, red meat, and poultry can help prevent anemia.

If this is new for you, though, you should talk to your doctor. There could be an underlying issue. The reason your period lasts more than a week depends on whether it has always been that long or has suddenly gotten longer, Dr. Tazuke says. Here’s what it could be in each situation.

If It’s New:

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1. Pregnancy

If it only happens once, a long period could be a result of an early miscarriage, Dr. Tazuke says. You may also notice vaginal bleeding or spotting, abdominal pain or cramping, and/or fluid or tissue exiting your vagina if you’re having a miscarriage. It could also be a tubal pregnancy, also known as an ectopic pregnancy, which occurs outside the uterus, Dr. Tazuke adds. Ectopic pregnancies can also lead to pelvic pain and typical pregnancy symptoms. See a doctor to rule out these possibilities.

2. A Missed Period

If you miss a period, your next one may be longer than usual because your uterine lining has spent a long time building up, Dr. Tazuke says. The causes of a missed period include stress, sleep disturbances, and changes in weight.

3. Medications

Medications intended to avoid blood clotting can also affect your menstrual blood, Dr. Tazuke says. Pain relievers like aspirin, or ibuprofen can also have this effect on some people, as can birth control pills and IUDs. “‘Breakthrough bleeding’ is the name of the common side effect from birth control pills, and it can last especially when you first start taking the pill,” reproductive endocrinologist Aimee Eyvazzadeh, MD, tells Bustle.

If It’s Always Been That Way:

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1. Excessive Bleeding

Some people are genetically more prone to bleeding, Dr. Tazuke says. If this is the case with you, you might also notice that you bruise or bleed easily on other parts of your body. This requires treatment, so see a doctor about it.

In Either Situation:

1. Uterine Fibroids

Fibroids are benign tumors on the uterus made of muscle cells and connective tissue. Seventy to 80 percent of women get fibroids before age 50, and most don’t even notice them. One sign of fibroids is a heavy or long-lasting period, Dr. Tazuke says. Others include frequent urination, an enlarged abdomen, and pain during sex.

Most fibroids don’t have to be treated, but if you have some of these symptoms and they’re bothering you, you can go to a doctor for an ultrasound to see if you have fibroids, and they can be treated with pain relievers, hormonal medication, or, in severe cases, surgery.

2. Polyps

Polyps are another kind of uterine growth that can cause long or heavy periods, Dr. Tazuke says. They come from overgrowth of the uterus’s lining, and they’re sometimes cancerous but usually benign. Postmenopausal people are most likely to get them, though it’s possible for younger people to as well. Like fibroids, these don’t always require treatment, but they can be treated with hormonal medications or surgical removal.

3. Ovarian Cysts

Ovarian cysts are growths on the ovaries that most women have at some point. Sometimes they cause pain or rupture, and sometimes they go away before you even feel them. They don’t always affect your period, but they may go along with hormonal changes that can throw off your period. Ovarian cysts could also be a sign of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), whose symptoms include missed periods, making the next period long.

“Cysts don’t always have to mean cancer. Don’t let your google search freak you out,” Dr. Eyvazzadeh says. “A simple ultrasound and blood panel can diagnose the problem quickly so you can have a good treatment and plan for follow-up with your doctor.”

So, your long periods could mean a huge number of things. See your doctor just to make sure everything’s OK, but don’t worry, as most causes aren’t serious. “Simple blood tests and an ultrasound can guide your doctor re: why you’re bleeding,” Dr. Eyvazzadeh msays. “Don’t wonder and get worried unnecessarily about something that could be easy to treat.”

This post was originally published on December 1, 2017. It was updated on June 7, 2019.

This article was originally published on 359Z”>November 29, 2017

90,000 Menstruation during pregnancy – Leleka maternity hospital

Young women often wonder if there can be pregnancy and menstruation at the same time. Indeed, during pregnancy, some women experience bloody discharge, which is mistaken for menstruation. But this is not the case.

There can be no full menstruation during pregnancy. The endometrium, the layer of cells that lines the uterus from the inside and comes out with blood during menstruation, helps the placenta develop during pregnancy and remains in the body.The cycle of monthly renewal of the endometrium stops during pregnancy.

However, spotting during pregnancy is not uncommon. Their appearance indicates that there are some malfunctions or pathological conditions in the woman’s body. This can be hormonal imbalance, the threat of miscarriage, and even an ectopic pregnancy.

Unfortunately, many young women underestimate this symptom, believing that periods during pregnancy are possible, and do not worry about discharge. They do not go to the doctor until the situation becomes critical. And in some cases, a timely response can save not only the unborn child, but also the mother’s life.

What causes bleeding during pregnancy

To understand how menstruation can begin during pregnancy, and what should be done at the same time, let us turn to the processes that occur in the body of a pregnant woman.

During intercourse, sperm enters the vagina and then into the uterus.But fertilization may not occur immediately: the sperm remain active for three days. After the germ cells unite, the fertilized egg attaches to the wall of the uterus. This, too, may not happen immediately, but within a few days. If these processes are delayed in time, the usual regular menstruation may begin. In this case, the egg is fixed in the uterus, the pregnancy will develop normally. A pregnancy test will show a positive result. Alas, this is rarely the case.More often, spotting is an alarming symptom.

Early pregnancy and menstruation

In some cases, the fertilized egg is not fixed in the uterus, but in the fallopian tube or outside the genitals. An ectopic pregnancy develops – a serious pathology that poses a serious threat to the mother’s life and excludes a favorable outcome for the fetus. In an ectopic pregnancy, bleeding can mean a ruptured fallopian tube. The walls of the fallopian tubes are only 2-3 millimeters thick, they are inelastic.If an embryo develops and grows in the tube, the wall breaks, and internal bleeding begins. This usually occurs for a period of 3-4 weeks. In this situation, urgent surgical intervention is necessary.

With detachment of the epithelium and the threat of miscarriage, characteristic discharge may also appear. This is possible with hormonal disruptions in a woman’s body. But sometimes spontaneous abortion occurs due to some internal failures that are almost impossible to predict in advance. If a young woman leads an unhealthy lifestyle – drinking alcohol, other toxic substances, or doing a lot of physical labor, this can increase the risk of spontaneous abortion. Allocation will just mean that the process of rejection of the embryo has begun.

Sometimes the cause of discharge is the death of one of the embryos during a multiple pregnancy. If the pregnancy is multi-egg, that is, several eggs have been fertilized, the development of other embryos may continue.But the risk of death of other embryos in this situation is quite high.

In some cases, pathologies or diseases of the uterus become the cause of the discharge. The egg cell fails to gain a foothold in the uterus, especially if the uterus has pathologies or neoplasms. If the pregnancy develops normally, but the woman continues to have discharge similar to menstruation, this indicates a hormonal imbalance. Insufficient production of the necessary hormones is an alarming, but usually not dangerous condition.

If your period starts during pregnancy, is there a chance to keep the baby?

Fortunately, the appearance of bloody discharge does not mean termination of pregnancy. Of course, in the case of severe pathologies, such as an ectopic pregnancy, it will not be possible to save the fetus. But if in all these cases you do not consult a doctor, there is a very high risk of losing the child, and in some cases, the mother.

90,000 How to measure basal temperature to determine ovulation? Practical guide

Verified by an Expert

Measuring basal body temperature (BBT) and tracking ovulation on a temperature chart is not always easy. We will tell you how to do it correctly in order to get pregnant faster.

90,000 Adolescent pregnancy

Magnitude of the problem

There are an estimated 21 million pregnancies in developing countries each year among girls aged 15-19, of which approximately 12 million result in childbirth ¹ .At least 777,000 births in developing
countries are registered among adolescent girls under 15 years old ² .

An estimated 11.6% decline in adolescent fertility globally over the past 20 years is estimated at ⁵ . At the same time, there are large differences in this indicator between regions. For example, the adolescent fertility rate
is 7.1 in the countries of East Asia, and in the countries of Central Africa it reaches 129.5 ⁵ .

There are also huge differences within regions. In 2018, the total adolescent fertility rate in Southeast Asia was 33 90,041 6 90,042. At the same time, the value of this indicator ranged from 0.3 in the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea
Republic of up to 83 in Bangladesh ⁵ .

There are huge differences even within countries. For example, in Ethiopia, the total fertility rate ranges from 1.8 in Addis Ababa to 7.2 in the Somalia region, with the proportion of women aged 15-19 who have their first births ranging from 3%
in Addis Ababa up to 23% in the Afar region ⁷ .

90,034 While it is estimated that the adolescent fertility rate is declining globally, the actual number of adolescent births is not declining due to the high – and in some parts of the world, the increase
– the number of young women aged 15-19 years ⁸ . The largest number of births occurs in East Asia (95,153) and West Africa (70,423) ⁹

Background

Teenage pregnancy is a global problem affecting high, middle and low income countries.However, globally, teenage pregnancies are higher in marginalized populations and are often due to
poverty, lack of education and employment opportunities ¹⁰ .

Several factors contribute to the occurrence of teenage pregnancy and childbirth. In many societies, girls are forced to marry early and have children 90,041 11,12,13 . In least developed countries, at least 39% of girls leave
married before the age of 18, and 12% – before the age of 15 ¹⁴ .In many places, girls choose pregnancy due to limited educational or employment opportunities. In such societies, motherhood
emphasizes that marriage or marriage and childbirth may be the best disability available ¹² .

Adolescents who wish to avoid pregnancy may not be able to do so due to lack of knowledge and misconceptions about where they can get contraception and how to use it15. Teens face barriers
in access to contraception, including restrictive laws and policies regarding the provision of contraception based on age or marital status, bias from health workers and / or reluctance to admit
the sexual health needs of adolescents; and adolescents’ own inability to access contraception as a result of lack of knowledge, lack of transportation and financial constraints.Also, teenagers
may not have the capacity or discretion to ensure correct and consistent use of contraceptive methods. There are at least 10 million unwanted pregnancies among adolescent girls every year in developing countries
15-19 years old ¹ .

Sexual violence is another cause of unwanted pregnancies, which is widespread among more than a third of girls in some countries, reporting coerced first sexual intercourse ¹⁶ .

Health implications

Early adolescent pregnancy has serious health consequences for adolescent mothers and their children. Complications of pregnancy and childbirth are the leading cause of death among girls aged 15-19 years globally, with low- and middle-income countries accounting for 99% of the world’s maternal deaths among women aged 15-49 years 90,041 39,042 … Adolescent mothers (aged 10-19) are at higher risk of eclampsia, postpartum endometritis and systemic infections than women aged 20-24 ⁴ . In addition, approximately 3.9 million unsafe abortions occur annually among adolescent girls aged 15-19, contributing to an increase in maternal mortality, morbidity and long-term disability ¹ .

Early childbirth increases the risk for both mothers and their newborns. Children born before age 20 have a higher risk of low birth weight, prematurity and severe neonatal illness ⁴ .In some countries, frequent pregnancy at a young age is a major concern as it poses additional health risks to both mother and child ¹⁷ .

Socioeconomic Impact

Social consequences for unmarried pregnant adolescents may include stigma, social rejection or violence from partners, parents and peers. Girls who become pregnant before the age of 18 are more likely to experience violence in their marriage or partners ¹⁶ .Pregnancy and adolescent childbirth often force girls to drop out of school. While efforts are being made in a number of countries to allow them to return to work after childbirth, this could severely limit their future education and employment opportunities 90,041 19 90,042.

WHO action

Prevention of adolescent pregnancy and associated mortality and morbidity, and prevention of HIV infection and HIV-related deaths among adolescents and young people, has received little attention in the early achievement of the Millennium Development Goals due to having competing priorities ²⁰ .During this period, WHO collaborated with partners to raise awareness of adolescents, expand evidence and an epidemiological basis for action, including the preparation of WHO guidelines on the prevention of early pregnancy and adverse outcomes in adolescents in developing countries ²¹ , development and testing of support tools programs, capacity building and pilot initiatives in a small but growing number of countries that have recognized the need to tackle adolescent health issues. With the world moving towards the Sustainable Development Goals, adolescents are at the center of the global health and development agenda ²¹ .

While WHO continues to work on advocacy, evidence collection, tool development and capacity building, the focus is now on revitalizing action at the country level. WHO works closely with partners within and outside the United Nations system to contribute to efforts around the world to prevent children from becoming wives and mothers.WHO’s work is aimed at expanding the evidence base for action and supporting the use of evidence in well-designed and effective programs at the national and subnational levels. For example, WHO is working closely with UNICEF, UNFPA and UN-Women in the global revitalization program against child marriage ²² . WHO is also collaborating with the Planned Family 2020 Global Partnership, which aims to provide an additional 120 million women and girls with access to contraception by 2020.

NGOs play a leading role in the prevention of teenage pregnancy in many countries with bold and innovative projects. The number of national programs successfully implemented under government leadership, for example in Chile, Ethiopia and the United Kingdom, is currently small but growing 90,041 23 90,042. These countries show what can be achieved by using sound scientific knowledge combined with strong leadership, management and perseverance.They set an example and inspire other countries to urgently take realizable targets and take action.

References

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(1) Darroch J, Woog V, Bankole A, Ashford LS. Adding it up: Costs and benefits of meeting the contraceptive needs of adolescents. New York: Guttmacher Institute; 2016.

(2) UNFPA. Girlhood, not motherhood: Preventing adolescent pregnancy. New York: UNFPA; 2015.

(3) Neal S, Matthews Z, Frost M, et al.Childbearing in adolescents aged 12-15 years in low resource countries: a neglected issue. New estimates from demographic and household surveys in 42 countries. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2012; 91: 1114-18. Every Woman Every Child. The Global Strategy for Women`s, Children`s and Adolescents` Health (2016-2030). Geneva: Every Woman Every Child, 2015.

(4) WHO. Global health estimates 2015: deaths by cause, age, sex, by country and by region, 2000–2015. Geneva: WHO; 2016.

(5) Ganchimeg T, et al.Pregnancy and childbirth outcomes among adolescent mothers: a World Health Organization multicountry study. Bjog. 2014; 121 (S Suppl 1): 40-8.

(6) UN DESA, Population Division. World Population Prospects: The 2017 Revision, DVD Edition. New York: UN DESA; 2017.UNDESA, Population Division. World Population Prospects, the 2015 Revision (DVD edition). New York: UNDESA, Population Division, 2015.

(7) UNFPA. Adolescent pregnancy: A review of the evidence.New York: UNFPA, 2013.

(8) UN DESA, Statistics Division. SDG Indicators: Global Database. New York: UN DESA: 2017.

(9) Every Woman Every Child. The Global Strategy for Women`s, Children`s and Adolescents` Health (2016-2030). Geneva: Every Woman Every Child; 2015.

(10) UNICEF. Ending child marriage: Progress and prospects. New York: UNICEF, 2013

(11) WHO. Global and regional estimates on violence against women: Prevalence and health effects of intimate partner violence and non-partner sexual violence.Geneva: WHO; 2013.

(12) WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA, World Bank Group and the United Nations Population Division. Trends in maternal mortality: 1990 to 2015: Estimates by WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA, World Bank Group and the United Nations Population Division. Geneva: WHO; 2015. Filippi V, Chou D, Ronsmans C, et al. Levels and Causes of Maternal Mortality and Morbidity. In: Black RE, Laxminarayan R, Temmerman M, et al., Editors. Reproductive, Maternal, Newborn, and Child Health: Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (Volume 2).Washington (DC): The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank; 2016 Apr 5. Chapter 3.9003

(13) Kozuki N, Lee A, Silveira M, et al. The associations of birth intervals with small-for-gestational-age, preterm, and neonatal and infant mortality: A meta-analysis. BMC Public Health 2013; 13 (Suppl. 3): S3.

(14) World Bank. Economic impacts of child marriage: Global synthesis report. Washington, DC: World Bank; 2017.

(15) WHO.Preventing early pregnancy and poor reproductive outcomes among adolescents in developing countries. Geneva: WHO; 2011.

(16) Raj A, Boehmer U. Girl child marriage and its association with national rates of HIV, maternal health, and infant mortality across 97 countries. Violence Against Women 2013; 19 (4).

(17) WHO. Making health services adolescent friendly: Developing national quality standards for adolescent friendly health services. Geneva: WHO; 2012.

(18) WHO. Global Accelerated Action for the Health of Adolescents (AA-HA!): Guidance to support country implementation. Geneva: WHO; 2017.

(19) WHO. Global standards for quality health care services for adolescents. Geneva: WHO; 2015.

(20) WHO. Core competencies in adolescent health and development for primary care providers: including a tool to assess the adolescent health and development component in pre-service education of health-care providers.Geneva: WHO; 2015.

(21) UNESCO. International Technical Guidance on Sexuality Education: An evidence-informed approach for schools, teachers and health educators. Paris: UNESCO; 2009.

(22) UNESCO. Early and Unintended Pregnancy & the Education Sector: Evidence Review and Recommendations. Paris: UNESCO; 2017.

(23) United Nations General Assembly. Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 25 September 2015: Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.New York: United Nations; 2015.

After giving birth, it is important not to forget about yourself

Of course, doctor’s appointment, control ultrasound and a little later smears this is all important and necessary . ..

BUT do not forget about multivitamins :

• iodine, if it is not contraindicated for you
• Omega is also for us come in handy. There are multivitamins already with her, it is very convenient, all in one tablet
• for vitamin D separately. Here it must be borne in mind that now babies are given it almost from birth and if we take it, then for him it will be a surplus, so we connect it for ourselves a little later
• Regarding calcium, so as not to drink a handful of tablets, with its daily dosage you you can quite cope with proper nutrition.

Exercise, sports . There are special features here for those who have had a perineal incision in labor and a cesarean section. After a cesarean section, it is possible only after 6 months.

Hygiene is important in the first 2 months . Any mom after childbirth is faced with discharge of different intensity and character – these are the so-called postpartum LOCHII.

• their duration is about 1.5-2 months
• at first they are abundant and bright red, as if menstruation had begun
• after 3-4 days they become darker and smaller in volume
• after 7 days they brighten, become grayish -white or yellowish-white and more watery
• at the time of breastfeeding, the discharge may be slightly more

Remember the main thing – there should be discharge, this is normal, becausebecause the uterus contracts and recovers. In breastfeeding women, the discharge ends faster, and after a cesarean section it takes a little longer. ⠀

Use only pads with a smooth surface (not mesh), no swabs. Avoid lifting weights, hygiene is desirable after using the toilet, take only a shower, strictly exclude intimate relationships.

Be sure to consult a doctor if the discharge:

• lasts more than 2 months
• has an unpleasant odor
• turns yellowish-green
• stops too quickly (before 1. 5 months)

dryness .Don’t worry, this is due to a hormone that is normally elevated during lactation. With regard to menstruation, its absence in the first 6 months after childbirth is the norm. When you start to breastfeed less and complementary foods are introduced, they can slowly begin. We do not pay attention to their regularity during this period, as soon as you stop feeding, then everything will become as usual and on time.

Have questions? Write to the doctor.

90,000 Wearing braces? Then this memo is for you!

What is a bracket system for?

Each tooth has a visible part – a crown, and an invisible part – a root. The root is held within the bone by ligaments. An incorrect bite can be associated with a discrepancy between the size of the teeth and the volume of bone tissue, and an incorrect position of the jaw. To correct the occlusion of permanent teeth, a bracket system is used.

Why can there be pain or discomfort right after the braces are installed?

The arches used at the beginning of orthodontic treatment with braces have shape memory. This means that no matter what bend the arc, inserted into the groove of the braces, has to make, it tends to return to its original position and, thereby, affect the position of the teeth, straighten them.Unpleasant sensations immediately after the installation of braces can be associated, first of all, with the fact that constant tension arises inside the bone tissue due to the work of the arc. The ligaments of the upper teeth adapt to this phenomenon in 7-10 days in an adult patient. In the lower dentition, the bone tissue has a high density, so addiction can last up to 10-12 days in an adult patient.

What are the causes of discomfort after installing braces?

• When fixing the external braces, the patient may be disturbed by irritation of the mucous membrane of the cheeks and lips.
• When using internal (lingual) braces, the patient may experience irritation of the tongue.

What’s next?

During chewing, swallowing, talking, the lips and cheeks produce movement. The protruding elements of the bracket system, constantly in contact with the mucous membrane, cause “chafing”.

Our body is a very wise system. In response to constant irritation on the mucous membrane at the point of contact with the braces, a “protective stratum corneum” is formed.As a result, the sensitivity gradually decreases.

How to care for your teeth if braces are installed?

During the meal, small pieces can become fixed on the braces. Therefore, brushing your teeth should be done after every meal.

What is a special brush for?

To clean teeth with braces, use the Ortho brush, which has different lengths of bristles.This is necessary in order to be able to come into contact with the braces and the surface of the teeth.

How to use it?

It is necessary to perform sweeping movements along the dentition, according to the principle from the distant section (from the teeth behind the cheek) to the center (to the front teeth). The effort of the brush should be the same as, for example, when using an eraser (to remove writing with a pencil). In addition to the brush, it is necessary to use a brush that allows you to penetrate into the space between the arch and the surface of the tooth; In this case, the movements should be along the surface of the tooth, it is unacceptable to move the brush in the direction from the tooth – outward, if the brush is introduced under the arch, otherwise you can pull the bracket off the tooth by pulling the arch.

Why is it important to floss?

It is extremely important to use floss – dental floss to clean the interdental spaces, since the fibers of food debris easily penetrate into the interdental spaces and can cause the development of caries. Floss should be used at least once a day. If during the day it is not possible to brush your teeth after eating, you should rinse your mouth thoroughly to remove food debris.

If it is more convenient to use an electric brush, you should not change your habit, the working part of the brush should be placed on 1 tooth, paying special attention to the cervical area (at the gum / tooth border).

What foods can be consumed during orthodontic treatment with braces?

Hard, tough foods (for example, crackers, nuts, seeds, carrots, large pieces of meat) enhance the work of the arc, and in the first days after installing the braces, they can cause discomfort from the load.However, when eating solid food, there is a danger of the braces coming off the tooth due to sudden movement. To prevent the braces from peeling off, you should eat vegetables and fruits cut into slices, meat – preferably cut into small pieces or in the form of cutlets, use finely crushed nuts instead of whole kernels. You should refrain from taking chips, crackers.

In addition, it is necessary to exclude the use of sugary carbonated drinks, since they have a detrimental effect on the enamel of the teeth.

What is a bracket system?

The bracket system consists of individual locks that are attached to each tooth (braces) and an arch that is inserted into each bracket. The system affects the position of the teeth through changes in the bone tissue and tension in the teeth ligaments.

It is the arcs that trigger the mechanism for moving teeth and controlling their position in three planes. This applies to all systems – invisible Incognito braces, amlingual braces, including stb lingual braces.

Why do braces break or come off?

Braces can come loose in the event of a sharp or excessive load, as well as when creating a stress vector directed outward from the bracket. This happens for a number of reasons.

• Due to a pronounced lack of space and a pronounced crowding of teeth at the first stage of bite correction. Even the smallest arc sometimes creates a pronounced tension.In some cases, the braces may come loose from the tooth.
• In case of careless use of the brush (for cleaning the gaps between the arch and the tooth). When trying to abruptly remove the brush from the interdental space, the bracket may peel off.
• Due to the use of harsh foods that should be avoided while wearing braces.

What to do if a bracket comes off?

It is necessary to see a doctor as soon as possible in order to fix the unsticked bracket again.It is important to remember that the bracket system works as a whole. Breakage of one bracket slows down the functioning of the entire system.

Why can caries develop during treatment with braces?

In case of insufficient teeth cleaning, food debris and soft dental plaque accumulate on the enamel around the braces. This makes the enamel more vulnerable and creates conditions for the reproduction of microbes that cause caries.

In addition, inflammation of the gums may occur, which manifests itself in the form of the appearance of swelling, bleeding of the mucous membrane of the gums when brushing teeth.As plaque builds up, gum inflammation can worsen. This makes it difficult to conduct thorough dental hygiene and provokes the development of caries.

Oral hygiene is especially important when wearing braces!

In the area where soft plaque and food debris accumulate most often, a bright white enamel, devoid of shine, may appear after a few weeks. This is an initial, reversible form of caries that can be seen on the anterior surface of the tooth in the cervical region and around the braces.If you do not take measures to improve oral hygiene, after a few weeks, areas of destruction of hard tissues may appear.

How to prevent tooth decay during treatment with braces?

1. It is important to see your doctor regularly as recommended.
2. It is necessary to brush your teeth at least 2 times a day using a regular Ortho braces brush or an electric one and a brush.
3. During the day after eating, rinse your mouth and remove food debris from the interdental spaces.
4. Toothpastes in their composition contain a component that prevents the fixation of soft deposits on the surface of the teeth. The action of this component lasts for 10-12 hours, but it is effective only on the clean surface of the teeth. After brushing your teeth, you should evaluate the result: the cleaned enamel surface will have a dry shine. If you notice areas of enamel devoid of shine, brushing your teeth should be repeated.

Repeated periods in 2 weeks.Menstruation occurs twice a month: the main reasons

A woman’s menstruation is completely normal. It manifests itself in the form of slight bleeding from the vagina. Such discharge lasts from three to seven days. After that, there is a gap in which the body of the fairer sex undergoes hormonal changes. This is how the follicle grows and develops. Later, an egg comes out of it, which is fertilized by a sperm or simply dies. Sometimes women report that they started their period a week after their period.Is it okay? You will get the answer to this question from this article. It is also worth mentioning how the violation of menstruation is corrected in this or that case. The opinions of specialists and effective drugs will be described below.

Menstruation a week after menstruation

Normal menstruation in a woman lasts on average up to one week. However, it can be abundant or scarce. Approximately 30 percent of the fairer sex say that immediately after the end of bleeding, discharge can resume.It happens in about seven days. In this case, the patient comes to the gynecologist and complains that she has another period a week after her period.

Doctors say that in some cases this situation is a normal reaction to hormonal changes in a woman’s body. However, more often this symptom indicates a pathological process. In this case, the woman is shown treatment. Consider the main reasons why menstruation appears a week after menstruation.

Vascular rupture during ovulation

If the period of menstruation has passed, and after about seven days, new bleeding appears, then this may be a sign of ovulation. Under the influence of the hormone estrogen, it grows and increases in the volume of the follicles. About a week after the end of menstruation, the release of luteinizing hormone begins. At the moment when the substance reaches its maximum level in its amount, the sac ruptures and the female gamete is released.

During this process, the smallest vessels on the woman’s ovary often burst. A small amount of blood may be released from them. It is she who is observed by the representative of the weaker sex in the middle of the cycle. This phenomenon does not require medical intervention and is rarely repeated in subsequent cycles.

Hormonal diseases

Violation of the cycle of menstruation causes most often hormonal. Often, spotting in the middle of the cycle appears due to the development of endometriosis. In this case, the tissue, which is normally located in the cavity of the genital organ, grows in the abdominal cavity and cervical canal. These formations not only bleed, but also give a woman quite painful sensations. Treatment in this case is most often prescribed surgical. During the operation, the doctor removes the pathological endometrium. After that, long-term hormonal treatment is prescribed. Often it requires the introduction of the patient into an artificial menopause with such drugs as “Zoladex”, “Buserelin”, “Deferelin” and so on.

Menstrual bleeding, which appears after the completion of the next discharge in a week, may indicate a low level of thyroid hormones. In this case, the woman notes increased fatigue, weakness, headaches and other accompanying symptoms. Treatment in such cases is prescribed only after a preliminary examination and blood tests.

Inflammatory diseases

Violation of the menstrual cycle can be infectious.Most often this is a consequence of sexually transmitted diseases. The inflammatory process affects not only the functionality of the reproductive organ, but also leads to malfunctions of the ovaries. Treatment in this case consists in the use of antimicrobial and immunomodulatory drugs. It should be noted that antibiotic therapy is prescribed only after preliminary research and determination of the sensitivity of microorganisms to various drugs.

Endometritis

Menstruation in women can be disturbed due to a long absence of treatment for inflammatory and infectious diseases.In this case, the pathology becomes chronic and leads to the appearance of breakthrough bleeding after the next menstruation.

Treatment in most cases is medication. It consists in the use of antibacterial therapy and immunomodulatory agents. Also, doctors often recommend making diagnostic curettage before correction. This manipulation will allow for a more detailed analysis and find out the main causes of chronic inflammation.

Pregnancy

If after the next menstruation a woman notes spotting, then in this case pregnancy cannot be ruled out. In this case, the ovum can develop both in the genital organ and outside its cavity.

When an embryo is attached in the uterus and bleeding occurs, we are talking about the threat of termination of pregnancy. Most often, doctors in this case prescribe the preserving drugs “Duphaston” or “Utrozhestan”. Also prescribed drugs that stop blood – “Dicinon”, “Tranexam” and others.Sedatives and complete rest are imperative.

If the ovum is fixed outside the uterine cavity, then we are talking about an ectopic pregnancy. Often breakthrough bleeding becomes its first sign. Treatment in this case can only be surgical. It requires the woman to be hospitalized.

Ovulation disorders

Quite often, disruptions in the menstrual cycle occur due to a violation of ovulatory function. At the same time, a woman can note protracted cycles that constantly change their duration.Also, many of the fairer sex complain of infertility.

The drug in case of violation of menstruation in this case is selected individually. Most often these are conventional hormonal contraceptives. They are appointed within three months to six months. These means include “Logest”, “Janine”, “Diana” and many others. It is worth recalling that doctors strongly advise against prescribing such medications for themselves.

Damage to the mucous membranes

Bloody discharge after menstruation is often perceived by a woman as the onset of a new cycle.However, this is not always the case. Often, such a sign indicates the pathology of the vagina and cervix. Such ailment can include erosion, polyp, endocervical cyst, and so on.

Treatment of such pathologies is operative in most cases. So, erosion is corrected by cauterization. Cysts and polyps are removed using modern minimally invasive methods.

Causes of menstrual irregularities not related to the woman’s health

In some cases, breakthrough spotting at the beginning or middle of the cycle may be the result of external factors. So, in stressful situations, a woman can detect menstruation a week after the next menstruation. A change in the climatic zone can in the same way affect the work of the body of the fairer sex.

Most often, doctors do not prescribe treatment in these cases. Usually, the body’s work is restored on its own after a few cycles. Otherwise, a detailed examination is assigned to the fairer sex and the question of the need for correction is decided.

If you regularly experience irregularities in your menstrual cycle, you should see a doctor as soon as possible. Only an experienced specialist will be able to correctly diagnose and prescribe treatment. Otherwise, this symptom can lead to complications of a different nature. Health to you!

The health of the female reproductive system can be judged by the duration and nature of menstrual flow. Normally, menstruation cannot come several times a month, because nature is so arranged that in the body of a healthy woman, almost a whole month is needed for the full maturation of an egg. If she was fertilized, then the woman will become pregnant, if not, she will begin her period. What does it mean? But only the fact that conception did not occur and the unused egg cell comes out together with the inner layer of the uterus from the organ cavity.

And what can it mean when, 2 weeks after the previous menstruation, new ones began, what to do in such a situation, and whether this can be a variant of the norm, let’s try to figure it out in this article. We will also consider the main reasons why menstruation occurs 2 times a month, what factors contribute to this, and in what situations it is necessary to seek help from a doctor.

Menstrual cycle normal

The menstrual cycle is divided into 2 phases: follicular and luteal. During the first half of the cycle, the ovum matures, this phase ends with ovulation and the release of the germ cell from the follicle. The onset of menstruation is the beginning of the follicular phase.

When the follicle breaks and the ovum leaves, the luteal phase begins, at this time the corpus luteum is formed under the influence of hormones that prepare the body for pregnancy. Along with this, the following processes take place:

• other follicles stop developing intensively;
• the inner uterine layer of the endometrium begins to grow, to which, in the event of fertilization, the egg must attach, the vascular network in this layer develops intensively;
• the ducts of the mammary glands are enlarged;
• to prevent the rejection of a fertilized egg, the protective properties of the body are reduced.

If fertilization has not occurred, then the corpus luteum dies off, and critical days come.New regulations should begin no earlier than in 28-32 days, in rare cases this range can fluctuate within 21-35 days. If the second menstruation appears during the month, you should know exactly the reasons for these processes in order to understand whether this is a pathology that requires the attention of a specialist, or a norm that should not cause concern. A reservation should be made right away, if the menstrual cycle is 21 days, then it is quite natural that menstruation can occur at the beginning and at the end of the same month. In such a situation, menstruation twice a month is a physiological feature of the body.

When is regulation 2 times a month the norm?

If you went monthly for the second time in a month, this is not always a sign of reproductive disorders or the presence of a pathological condition. Consider situations where repeated periods during one calendar month is normal:

• Frequent periods can begin in women due to age-related changes in their body.Frequently recurring periods in girls may appear during puberty. At this time, the teenager’s menstrual cycle is just beginning to normalize. Also, a failure of the cycle before menopause in women after 45 years can lead to the fact that critical days appear every two weeks. During these periods, a restructuring of the hormonal balance occurs, which can provoke the onset of menstruation for the second and third time in a month;
• if menstruation often occurs, the cause may be a disruption in the work of the endocrine system, in which case it is not enough to consult one gynecologist, an additional visit to the endocrinologist may be required. If there are no visual changes, for example, there are no nodes on the thyroid gland, then in most cases the cycle can be normalized with the help of hormonal therapy and herbal decoctions. Age-related changes in the menstrual cycle go away on their own when the body adapts to a new hormonal background, and problems with the endocrine system require additional treatment;
• Menstruation twice a month can occur after childbirth or after an abortion. In this case, stress can cause frequent menstruation due to a sharp change in the concentration of hormones and a decrease in the protective functions of the body.Situations are not uncommon when, after childbirth and abortion, women can have their periods not only 2, but also 3 times a month;
• Repeated periods and even bleeding between periods can cause an intrauterine device. Using this method of contraception, you should carefully monitor your health and well-being, and if menstruation begins to appear twice and three times a month for several cycles in a row, the intrauterine device must be removed, since it can cause the development of various pathologies in the gynecological sphere;

90,240 periods that occur 14 days after the start of a new menstrual cycle may be bleeding caused by ovulation. During this period, the follicle breaks through and the egg leaves it, while small blood vessels are damaged, which is why a certain amount of blood flows out. Such selections will have a slightly darker color than the regulation;

• If a woman takes oral contraceptives, which are based on hormones, then there is a possibility that within 2-3 cycles her body will get used to the new hormonal background, which will cause frequent menstrual flow.If the situation has not returned to normal in the fourth cycle, you should definitely consult a doctor and stop taking hormonal contraceptives or replace them with more acceptable ones.

Pathology

If menstruation appears twice per cycle, and none of the above reasons take place, this means that there are pathological processes or inflammatory diseases in the body. In such a situation, it is necessary to immediately consult a doctor for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.Let’s take a look at the most common female health problems that cause bleeding and frequent menstruation.

Inflammation

If there is inflammation in a woman’s body, then it may seem to her that her periods have come for the second time in a month, although most often these pathological processes are accompanied by internal bleeding. You should pay attention to additional symptoms. If the discharge smells unpleasantly of rot or rottenness, there are severe pains in the lower abdomen and increased body temperature, in most cases, inflammation in the pelvic organs is diagnosed.

Erosion

Inside the uterine cavity and cervix is ​​a layer of epithelial cells. In the uterus, these cells have a more rounded shape, and the cervix is ​​lined with a dense layer of columnar epithelium. Erosion are small ulcers on the mucous membrane of the cervix, the appearance of which can be caused by gynecological diseases, sexually transmitted diseases, hormonal disorders, as well as mechanical damage to the mucous membrane.

Most often, erosion is asymptomatic, it is not characterized by a violation of the menstrual cycle, therefore, if menstruation went a week or two after the usual regulations and the doctor diagnosed the presence of cervical erosion, then most likely spotting came out of the damaged mucosa. To relieve inflammation, ointments, suppositories and douching are used, and the affected layer of the epithelium is disposed of by surgical methods.

Endometriosis

With endometriosis, there is a pathological proliferation of the inner epithelial layer of the uterus. With this disease, menstruation can go several times a month, supplemented by pulling pains in the lower abdomen and in the lower back. Hormone therapy and surgery are used as treatment.

Uterine fibroids

Fibroids may well become the cause of menstruation, which go 2 times a month.Although it is a benign formation, it is characterized by an increase to incredible sizes. One of the stages of its development can be hormonal imbalance, which eventually causes uterine bleeding in the middle of the cycle. Myoma is quite dangerous, with a small size of education, an observation tactic is chosen, and large specimens are treated with medication and surgery.

Endometrial hyperplasia

This disease is also called adenomyosis. It is characterized by the proliferation of the endometrium outside the uterus, usually epithelial cells grow into the fallopian tubes, ovaries, digestive, respiratory or urinary systems.Cell proliferation occurs through lymph, blood, or through direct contact. This is one of the common reasons for frequent menstruation, in addition, a symptom of the disease is too much discharge, which can lead to iron deficiency anemia. Women suffering from constant miscarriages and infertility are very often diagnosed with this disease.

Polyps

Frequent periods can be triggered by focal proliferation of the endometrium or the so-called polyps. Also, this ailment is characterized by prolonged menstruation with pulling pains in the lower abdomen and lower back.

Miscarriage

If menstruation occurs every 2 weeks, this may indicate that a spontaneous abortion has begun. In this situation, the egg was fertilized, but it could not properly fix on the inner wall of the uterus, so the body gave the command to get rid of the zygote. Such discharge can go on any day of the cycle, while a woman may not even suspect that she is pregnant.

Ectopic pregnancy

If the fetus begins to develop outside the uterus, in the fallopian tube, they talk about the development of an ectopic pregnancy.This is a very dangerous situation not only for health, but also for a woman’s life. One of the main symptoms of ectopic fetal development is bleeding that is not associated with the menstrual cycle, but visually resembles regulation. Treatment is carried out exclusively by surgery.

Malignant tumors

If, 2 weeks after the previous menstruation, new spotting has gone, and in the intervals between them a clear liquid with an ichor is released, a malignant neoplasm can be diagnosed.A complete examination is required to confirm the diagnosis.

Blood clotting disorder

If your period is frequent, this may be a sign of a bleeding problem. They are caused by liver disease, hereditary hemophilia, or a lack of iron in the blood. Only laboratory tests can detect problems with blood clotting.

Provoking factors

Frequent periods are not always a sign of pathology, there are situations when additional factors provoke their arrival:

• stressful situations.Stress can affect the regularity of the menstrual cycle, but usually, after the normalization of the psycho-emotional state, critical days continue to run their course. Not only emotional stress, but also chronic fatigue, sleep problems, and overwork can provoke hormonal “swing”. Even an acute infection can cause stress in a woman. If the cause of menstrual bleeding is psychoemotional problems, it is possible that, in addition to consulting a gynecologist, a psychotherapeutic session will be required;
• malnutrition.An unbalanced diet filled with unhealthy foods and drinks can provoke a change in hormonal levels and, as a result, the onset of frequent regulations. Strict diets, irregular nutrition, a large amount of alcohol, fatty, spicy and synthetic (lemonades, chips, snacks) leads to the fact that the female body begins to intensively reject the endometrium, causing additional blood loss. For the normal functioning of the reproductive system, you should enrich the diet with healthy foods, as well as drink vitamins;
• physical activity.When a woman plays sports with weights, the intra-abdominal pressure rises, which causes tension in the muscles of the perineum and the release of blood in the likeness of the second menstruation. In order to prevent the development of serious diseases of the reproductive system, in training with a barbell, during exercises on the press or during squats, the load should be increased gradually and exercised under the supervision of a trainer. And during menstruation for 2-3 days, it is generally better to refuse intensive sports;
• pregnancy.After fertilization, the egg is fixed on the inner layer of the uterus, this process can be accompanied by damage to small blood vessels. Although the amount of blood from these capillaries is very small, in some cases women can confuse them with menstruation, which began again in the same cycle.

Signs of pathology

Bloody discharge during normal periods should have a dark red light, by the end of menstruation, they may be brown in color, due to the interaction of blood with oxygen.If menstruation began a second time within one month and the discharge is not dark in color, but bright red, and their shade does not change for 4-5 days, this may be a symptom of uterine bleeding. This condition is dangerous not only for a woman’s health, but also for her life, therefore, immediate medical attention is required.

If your period comes again two weeks after the previous one and is accompanied by severe cramping pains in the lower abdomen, you should immediately call an ambulance.With such symptoms, the appearance of bleeding may indicate the onset of an ectopic pregnancy.

How is the diagnosis carried out

If a woman has repeated critical days during one menstrual cycle, a pregnancy test should be done first to exclude or confirm conception. If there are pathological symptoms, you should immediately seek medical help. Diagnosis of pathology is carried out by a gynecologist, in some cases it may be necessary to consult other specialists (endocrinologist, psychotherapist).To begin with, a gynecological examination is carried out, and smears are taken. Further, the doctor can refer the patient to an ultrasound of the pelvic organs and prescribe additional tests for the level of hormones in the blood.

Medical tactics

Only correct and timely diagnostics will allow to determine the methods of treatment of diseases or processes that caused the recurrence of critical days. If the cause is hormonal imbalance, then you should undergo hormone therapy. For some pathologies, drug treatment will not be enough and surgery may be required.In any case, if the regularity of the menstrual cycle is disrupted, only a doctor will help to identify the cause of these changes and prescribe adequate treatment.

Assessment of the menstrual cycle is the main indicator of the health of a woman’s reproductive system. That is why it is so important for a woman to monitor the timing of her periods, to note the amount and nature of bleeding. However, every girl at least once in her life was faced with the question of why her periods came ahead of schedule and what are the reasons? It is with this urgent problem that we will deal with today.

Why menstruation came ahead of schedule: reasons

No gynecologist can give an unequivocal answer to this question. Doctors tend to talk about the polyetiological nature of this phenomenon. This means that premature periods do not occur for one specific reason. Early menstruation is observed only when the girl has been exposed to a whole range of external factors. These pathological factors can be:

• Stress effects, preceding psycho-emotional stress.In this case, a powerful effect on the cortical and subcortical structures of the brain is exerted, which means that the synthesis of hormones changes, which leads to the early onset of menstruation. With light emotional stress, menstruation is delayed by a week, with severe stress – by 2 weeks or more. With the elimination of stressful agents, the cycle is restored on its own by the next month.
• Another reason is hard physical labor. If in the premenstrual period the girl overdid it with classes in the gym or independently rearranged all the furniture in the room, then you should not be surprised that her period came a week ahead of schedule.
• The presence of concomitant somatic pathology: ARVI, influenza and other viral infections lead to malfunction of all body systems, especially reproductive and hormonal.
• Infectious and inflammatory diseases of the uterus: endometritis, salpingitis, salpingo-oophoritis, etc. All these diseases lead to disruption of the uterine menstrual cycle, proliferation and desquamation of the uterine epithelium proceeds much faster, which leads to menstruation a week or two ahead of schedule.
• Changing the climatic zone: flights, moving to another city will not go unnoticed for the girl’s health.They are among the most common causes.
• Menstruation 5-10 days ahead of schedule can occur if the girl started taking birth control pills the day before. The body so adapts to the new hormonal background. Early menstruation in this case is not a reason for panic, everything is restored from the next cycle.
• Changes in diet. The desire to be as slim as the models from the covers of glossy magazine covers leads to the fact that girls exhaust themselves with diets and hunger.However, the female body is designed in such a way that without the proper intake of fats and carbohydrates, the production of sex hormones stops. This leads to the fact that at first menstruation comes a week or two weeks ahead of schedule, after which the menstrual cycle lengthens, and then menstruation stops altogether.
• Chronic poisoning and intoxication: smoking, excessive consumption of alcohol and alcoholic beverages, food poisoning.

Menstruation began 2 weeks after the previous

Normally, menstruation can come just 14 days after the last.This is typical for women who have a short menstrual cycle of 21 days. The menstrual cycle is counted from the first day of menstruation. If the cycle is 3 weeks, then it turns out that the next menstruation occurs just 2 weeks after the previous ones.

Important video: Reasons for the onset of menstruation ahead of time

When early menstruation is dangerous to health

“Pseudo-menstruation” is a health hazard. This term refers to uterine bleeding, which women confuse with regular menstruation.Uterine bleeding occurs on any day of the cycle: a week or 2 earlier, 5 days ahead of schedule. If uterine bleeding is not recognized in time, then ultimately this leads to a loss of reproductive function – infertility.

The female body is a complex and well-oiled mechanism, the functioning of which makes it possible for every woman to give the world a new life. According to the latest data, the female body is more susceptible to the negative effects of the external environment.

The female body is not constant

Menstruation is nothing more than a women’s health indicator that works every month. The slightest change in the established cycle indicates a pathological condition that requires an immediate visit to the doctor.

Physicians in the concept of the menstrual cycle put a period of time from the first to the last day of menstruation. In a normal scenario, the duration of the cycle in a healthy woman is 27-35 days. In this scenario, the minimum duration is 21 days.Normally, menstruation lasts from 4 days to a week.

During the menstrual cycle, a whole chain of physiological changes occurs in the female body, the head of which is a balanced endocrine system.

The quality and duration of the menstrual cycle is influenced by the state of the thyroid gland, which is responsible for the regulation of hormonal processes. In addition, the central nervous system, together with the ovaries and uterus, also affects the cycle that has begun. Any inflammatory process that occurs in the female genital organs or a disturbance in the functioning of the endocrine, nervous system leads to a disorder of the smoothly working mechanism.Menses may not come on schedule in every woman’s life.

Such a condition as menstruation two weeks after the previous ones is a significant reason, indicating the presence of a pathological process or an ectopic pregnancy. Therefore, it is dangerous to leave such a condition without the attention of a specialist. Timely access to a doctor will prevent the development of dangerous consequences.

Why such a condition is dangerous, we will describe in this article. Let’s start with the etiology of this condition.

Nature of spotting

What are the main causes of natural menstrual irregularities? Cases of this kind of violation are represented by various factors. The reason may lie both in natural disorders and in the presence of pathological changes. Why do menstruation 2 weeks after menstruation enter a woman’s life?

As already mentioned in this article, your period should go from 4 to 7 days, at the end of which there are various kinds of vaginal discharge.In some cases, the discharge contains a small amount of blood. However, there are times when in the middle of the cycle, heavy bleeding is activated. Medicine calls this condition metrorrhagia.

Problems at the psychological level

There are reasons that characterize the violation of the stability of women’s emotional health. Such reasons are represented by the following violations:

• stress and anxiety. Everyone knows that regular experience negatively affects the general condition.Moreover, emotional overload provokes a change in the habitual cycle. After such a shock, the result will be visible the next day – weak spotting occurs. However, they quickly disappear as soon as the woman is out of the stressful situation;
• Overwork and poor quality sleep. Such factors are the most common, due to which unplanned periods occur. This kind of phenomenon is nothing more than a natural reaction of the female body to a shock, as a result of which unplanned periods may come.

Pathological nature

Pathological changes are represented by the following problems:

• ovulation;
• endometriosis;

90,240 ectopic pregnancy;

• uterine myoma.

Detailed description of problems

Under the endometriosis of the uterus, there is a gynecological disease, accompanied by abnormal growth of endometrial cells. With such a disease, bleeding triggers an inflammatory process in neighboring tissues, as a result of which women complain about an increase in the intensity of secretions or a lengthening of the cycle.Moreover, endometriosis is characterized by painful intercourse and infertility.

Such a diagnosis as endometriosis is diagnosed regardless of age range. However, according to the data, this pathology is more often diagnosed in women over 35 years old.

In most cases, the treatment for this disease is surgery. However, if the disease does not pose a danger to the woman, then the treatment is based only on taking medications.

Another reason why menstruation came ahead of schedule is uterine fibroids.This disease is characterized by its prevalence, as it is diagnosed in about 30 percent of women. In most cases, uterine fibroids do not make themselves felt in any way and are detected only during a routine gynecological examination. As for the clinical picture of the disease, it directly depends on the age of the patient, the location of the tumor and the stage of development.

When choosing a method of treatment, factors such as age and general health of a woman play an important role.In some cases, it will not be possible to get rid of the pathology without surgical intervention. However, in most cases, taking hormonal drugs can slow down the growth of the tumor.

A process such as ovulation can also trigger the onset of menstruation 2 weeks earlier. The day of ovulation is accompanied by the release of a mature egg from the follicle. Fertilization should take place within 24 hours. In the event that the egg remains unclaimed, then it dies, and there will be no pregnancy.

There are cases when the release of an egg from the ovary is absent even against the background of regular menstruation. As a rule, in such women, it occurs only 10 times a year. Slight allocations against the background of this process are quite natural.

Ectopic pregnancy is another reason why your period started two or more days earlier than the due date. For an ectopic pregnancy, the following phenomena are characteristic:

• abdominal discomfort;
• lowering blood pressure;
• dizziness.

This type of pregnancy is dangerous for a woman and requires quick, high-quality measures on the part of specialists.

How can I help these days?

Every woman knows that the menstrual cycle is accompanied not only by discharge, but also supplemented by weakness, nausea, painful symptoms and other unpleasant symptoms. In some cases, profuse bleeding in the phase of the menstrual cycle is the norm, however, in most cases, cycle irregularities are pathological.

Short-term and irregular profuse discharge is considered a single deviation. In the event that the duration of bleeding is more than 5 days, then it is rational to determine the exact cause of this kind of problems.

What’s the bottom line?

At the end of the cycle, new periods should begin on 29 days. In the presence of the above problems, bleeding can begin much earlier. For girls, this state is a natural process, since the cycle goes through a phase of formation and formation.The cycle will be irregular for several days. Nature and time will put everything in its place. All other cases require careful examination and examination.

Important! In the event that a woman’s cycle has already returned to normal, and she does not take hormonal agents, unplanned periods indicate pathological changes.

Every woman should know exactly when her period should go. Only in this way, the woman is given the opportunity to determine the stability of the cycle.Other methods of determination are ineffective. It is not for nothing that gynecologists, when examining, first of all, ask a woman a question regarding the duration and course of the cycle. The answer to the question when the menstruation went off should be immediate and accurate. Self-determination of the exact cause of the occurrence of unplanned periods is unacceptable.

In case of menstrual failure, a woman should provide adequate rest and isolate herself from all problems. After all, women’s health is dearer than any problems and troubles.

Hello.A year ago she gave birth to her first child. Against the background of lactation, menstruation came, interrupted feeding at the 5th month of the baby. Enough time has already passed, and my menstrual cycle is not going to work out in any way. In the last months, menstruation begins 2 weeks after the end of the previous one. What could it be? What is the reason for such violations in menstruation? Thanks. Anna, 21 years old

Hello Anna. Taking into account the birth of a child and the appearance of menstruation against the background of active lactation, I dare to assume the usual hormonal changes in the body for the realized motherhood.The female body, after the end of one lactation, again prepares for procreation. You are very young, so the reproductive system is actively involved in organizing a new pregnancy. This is provided by nature and the natural mechanisms of the female body.

Assessment of the quality and duration of the menstrual cycle is the dominant indicator of a woman’s reproductive health. Unfortunately, it is not known how your period goes after delivery. Is there soreness, is there abundant discharge, the presence of other fragments of the mucous epithelium.An important aspect is the presence of sexual life, methods of protection, obstetric history of the patient before childbirth. It is interesting to know how you gave birth: naturally or by caesarean section.

Menstruation 2 weeks after menstruation may indicate both the norm and the development of pathology.
It is important here to see a doctor in time. After giving birth, a woman’s body can build a new menstrual cycle for about six months, everything is purely individual. Long-term violation is the reason for contacting a gynecologist.Preventive examinations by a gynecologist are very important not only in case of irregularities in the cycle, but also against the background of absolute health.

Reasons

The main reasons for the recurrence of menstruation two weeks after the end of the previous ones can be various factors, including the development of serious pathologies of the pelvic organs. Common reasons include the following:

use of oral contraceptives;

90,034 hormonal disorders;

90,034 inflammatory diseases of the genital organs;

abortion or intrauterine pregnancy.

In most cases, the clinical case has nothing to do with serious disorders, especially for women with a short menstrual cycle of 21 days.

It is imperative to take into account any changes in the state of health. For example, if you experience pain, change in blood pressure, or change the shade of the separated blood, you should immediately contact a specialized specialist.

Pathological causes are more severe and have a serious prognosis, therefore it is very important to prevent the development of complications in a timely manner.The main diseases that provoke frequent (or persistent) spotting include:

Endometritis
. Chronic endometritis is characterized by an inflammatory process of the mucous structures, in particular the endometrium. The trigger mechanism of pathology is persistent infectious diseases, reduced immunity, venereal diseases.

Hypothyroidism
. Diseases of the endocrine system are often a reflection of a woman’s sexual functionality and her reproductive capacity.To date, almost all thyroid pathologies are successfully treated.

Ectopic pregnancy
. With the onset of premature bleeding, along with pain, severe dizziness, and a decrease in blood pressure, one can assume the onset of an ectopic pregnancy. The condition requires immediate surgical correction to eliminate the risk of complications, up to and including death from blood loss.

Anovulation and ovulation
.The anomaly is characterized by a lack of stable ovulation. Menses may be absent for months, then appear with unexpected frequency. Women often notice the appearance of chaotic episodes of light bleeding. With full ovulation, estrogen levels change, which leads to a natural rupture of the mature follicle in the fallopian tube. Women may notice minor bleeding 14 days after the end of the previous period.

Uterine myoma
. Uterine fibroids are a common situation in the late reproductive phase of a woman or during menopause.Pathology is also found in young women. Myomatic formations are always accompanied by severe pain, a feeling of pressure, and profuse menstruation.

The disease is characterized by degenerative-dystrophic processes in the inner layer of the walls of the uterus. With an advanced course of growth, they are localized in the vaginal cavity or cervix. Bleeding with endometriosis has a brownish tint. Prolonged bleeding leads to inflammation of the mucous epithelium, leading to pelvic pain, discomfort at the time of intercourse, changes in the stability of the menstrual cycle, infertility.

The woman’s lifestyle should also be taken into account. If stress, lack of sleep, overwork, as well as a change of residence, time zones and long-term drug treatment are constantly present in her life, then all this can also contribute to the development of diseases of the organs of the reproductive system.

Within two years after a natural birth, you should check with a gynecologist and carry out appropriate diagnostics. Diseases of the pelvic organs of a woman happen much more often.Unfortunately, many women turn to specialists for help at advanced stages of the disease, when treatment is possible only with radical methods. I recommend that you postpone business and undergo examinations for possible deviations in the functionality of the reproductive system, as well as to speed up the normalization of the menstrual cycle.