What are the health benefits of magnesium citrate. How does magnesium citrate work as a laxative. What are the potential side effects of using magnesium citrate. Who should avoid taking magnesium citrate. How to properly use magnesium citrate for constipation relief.

Understanding Magnesium Citrate: A Comprehensive Overview

Magnesium citrate is a popular over-the-counter medication that combines magnesium with citric acid. This osmotic laxative is primarily used to alleviate occasional constipation and prepare the bowel for certain medical procedures. Available in liquid form, magnesium citrate can be purchased without a prescription at most drugstores.

Common brand names for magnesium citrate include:

• Citrate of Magnesia
• Citroma
• LiquiPrep

How does magnesium citrate work?

Magnesium citrate functions by drawing water into the intestines through a process called osmosis. This increased water content softens the stool, making it easier to pass. In some cases, it may even result in watery stools, which can provide quick relief from constipation.

The Health Benefits of Magnesium Citrate

While magnesium citrate is primarily known for its laxative properties, it offers several health benefits when used appropriately:

1. Constipation relief: Magnesium citrate can effectively alleviate occasional constipation, providing comfort and preventing related issues like hemorrhoids or anal fissures.
2. Bowel preparation: Healthcare providers often recommend magnesium citrate to clear the large intestine before colonoscopies, surgeries, or other digestive system procedures.
3. Acid indigestion treatment: Some individuals use magnesium citrate to combat acid indigestion, although other antacids may be more commonly prescribed for this purpose.
4. Magnesium supplementation: While not its primary use, magnesium citrate can increase magnesium levels in the body. However, other forms of magnesium supplements may be preferable for this purpose as they don’t have a laxative effect.

Potential Side Effects and Precautions

Despite its benefits, magnesium citrate can cause several side effects, especially if misused or overused. It’s crucial to be aware of these potential issues:

Common side effects:

• Abdominal discomfort
• Nausea
• Gas
• Cramps

These side effects are usually mild and temporary. However, if severe symptoms occur or if no bowel movement happens within three hours of taking magnesium citrate, it’s important to consult a healthcare provider.

Serious side effects:

While rare, more serious side effects can occur, including:

• Irregular heartbeat
• Mood changes
• Confusion
• Drowsiness
• Muscle weakness
• Severe diarrhea
• Severe abdominal pain
• Bloody stools
• Rectal bleeding

If any of these serious side effects occur, immediate medical attention is necessary.

Can magnesium citrate interact with other medications?

Yes, magnesium citrate can interact with certain medications. It’s important to inform your healthcare provider about all medications you’re taking, especially:

• Digoxin
• Sodium polystyrene sulfonate
• Antibiotics such as doxycycline, tetracycline, minocycline, levofloxacin, or ciprofloxacin

Magnesium citrate may decrease the effectiveness of these medications. To avoid this interaction, it’s typically recommended to take these medications two to three hours before taking magnesium citrate. Always consult with a healthcare professional or pharmacist for personalized advice.

Who Should Avoid Magnesium Citrate?

While magnesium citrate is generally safe for occasional use, certain individuals should avoid it or use it only under close medical supervision:

• People with heart conditions
• Individuals with bowel obstructions
• Those with low calcium levels
• People with low sodium levels
• Individuals with myasthenia gravis
• Those with neuromuscular diseases
• Dehydrated individuals
• People on low-magnesium diets

Pregnant or nursing individuals should consult their healthcare provider before using magnesium citrate, even though it’s generally considered safe during pregnancy and breastfeeding.

Proper Dosage and Administration of Magnesium Citrate

Using magnesium citrate correctly is crucial for its effectiveness and safety. Here are the general guidelines for its use:

What is the recommended dosage of magnesium citrate?

• Adults: The typical dosage for constipation relief is 10 ounces.
• Children (6-12 years): The usual dosage is 5 ounces.
• Children under 6: Consult a pediatrician for appropriate dosage.

Always follow the instructions on the bottle or your healthcare provider’s recommendations. It’s crucial to drink at least 8 ounces of water after taking magnesium citrate to prevent dehydration.

Tips for taking magnesium citrate:

1. Chill the solution: Some people find magnesium citrate more palatable when refrigerated.
2. Stay hydrated: Drink plenty of fluids after taking magnesium citrate to replace fluid loss and prevent dehydration.
3. Timing: If using magnesium citrate for bowel preparation before a medical procedure, follow your healthcare provider’s specific instructions regarding timing and dosage.

Long-term Use and Potential Risks

While magnesium citrate is generally safe for occasional use, long-term or frequent use can lead to potential health risks:

What are the risks of overusing magnesium citrate?

• Electrolyte imbalances: Excessive use can lead to fluid loss and electrolyte imbalances, particularly in individuals with kidney disease.
• Dependence: Regular use may lead to a dependence on laxatives for bowel movements.
• Dehydration: Frequent use can cause excessive fluid loss, leading to dehydration.
• Nutrient malabsorption: Overuse may interfere with the absorption of essential nutrients.

It’s crucial to use magnesium citrate as directed and consult a healthcare provider if constipation persists or recurs frequently.

Alternatives to Magnesium Citrate for Constipation Relief

While magnesium citrate can be effective for occasional constipation, there are several alternatives worth considering:

Natural remedies:

• Increased fiber intake: Consuming more fruits, vegetables, and whole grains can help promote regular bowel movements.
• Hydration: Drinking adequate water throughout the day can soften stools and ease constipation.
• Exercise: Regular physical activity can stimulate bowel function.
• Probiotic foods or supplements: These can promote gut health and regular bowel movements.

Other over-the-counter options:

• Stool softeners: These work by increasing the water content of stools.
• Bulk-forming laxatives: These add bulk to stools, making them easier to pass.
• Stimulant laxatives: These stimulate intestinal contractions but should be used cautiously.

Always consult with a healthcare provider before starting any new treatment for constipation, especially if it’s a recurring issue.

When to Seek Medical Attention

While occasional constipation is common, certain situations warrant medical attention:

When should you consult a doctor about constipation?

• Persistent constipation lasting more than a week
• Severe abdominal pain
• Blood in stools
• Unexplained weight loss
• Alternating constipation and diarrhea
• Constipation accompanied by fever

These symptoms may indicate a more serious underlying condition that requires professional medical evaluation and treatment.

In conclusion, magnesium citrate can be an effective solution for occasional constipation when used properly. However, it’s crucial to understand its potential side effects, proper usage, and limitations. For chronic constipation or recurring digestive issues, it’s always best to consult with a healthcare provider to determine the underlying cause and develop an appropriate treatment plan. Remember, while over-the-counter remedies like magnesium citrate can provide temporary relief, they are not intended for long-term use without medical supervision.

Benefits, Side Effects, and Dosage of Magnesium Citrate

Magnesium citrate is an osmotic laxative which comes in a liquid form. It is a combination of the element magnesium that is bound to citric acid. Magnesium citrate can be bought without a prescription in a drug store.

It may be used to treat occasional constipation, acid indigestion, or in prescribed amounts, it is used to help clear the large intestine of stool before a test (such as for a colonoscopy), procedure, or operation on the digestive system.

Verywell / Ellen Lindner

This medication can also increase the amount of magnesium in the body, but other forms of magnesium are available which have the same effect and do not act as a laxative. Brand names of magnesium citrate that may be recommended for constipation or bowel preparation include:

• Citrate of Magnesia 
• Citroma
• LiquiPrep

Health Benefits

Constipation is the infrequent passing of hard stools. Constipation is a common problem that many adults experience from time to time. Some people find that constipation can happen more frequently or become chronic.

It can be uncomfortable and in some cases lead to problems such as hemorrhoids or anal fissures because of straining to pass hard stools. There are a variety of products available to treat constipation, including magnesium citrate.

Magnesium citrate works by pulling more water into the intestines, which is called osmosis. When there is more water in the intestines, the stool becomes softer or even watery and is easier to pass.

Magnesium citrate is available over-the-counter in many drugstores under private and generic labels, but it should be used under the direction of a physician.

In most cases, using magnesium citrate on an infrequent basis to treat constipation is going to be safe. However, using magnesium citrate on a long-term basis to treat constipation could result in other health problems. It’s recommended that magnesium citrate only be used for constipation after consulting with a physician.

Possible Side Effects

Some of the adverse effects that people experience with magnesium citrate include abdominal discomfort, nausea, gas, and cramps. There are usually mild but if severe symptoms occur, or a bowel movement doesn’t occur within about three hours after taking the magnesium citrate, it’s important to contact a physician.

More serious side effects are uncommon but can include irregular heartbeat, changes in mood, confusion, drowsiness, muscle weakness, severe diarrhea, severe abdominal pain, bloody stools, or rectal bleeding. Allergic reactions are not common with magnesium citrate.

It’s also important to let the doctor know about any other medications being taken, especially digoxin, sodium polystyrene sulfonate, or antibiotics such as Vibramycin (doxycycline), tetracycline, Minocin (minocycline), Levaquin (levofloxacin), or Cipro (ciprofloxacin), because magnesium citrate may decrease the effectiveness of these medications. 

Usually, taking these medications two or three hours before taking the magnesium citrate can help avoid this effect, but check with a doctor or a pharmacist to be sure.

Overuse of laxatives may have some harmful effects. In particular, overuse of osmotic laxatives such as magnesium citrate may lead to too much fluid loss. This can, in turn, lead to electrolyte imbalances, especially in people who have other medical conditions such as kidney disease.

People who should avoid magnesium citrate include those who have a heart condition, a bowel obstruction, low calcium levels, low sodium levels, myasthenia gravis, neuromuscular disease, or who are dehydrated or on a low-magnesium diet.

Using magnesium citrate while pregnant or nursing appears to be safe but a physician should be consulted prior to taking it.

If more than the recommended amount of magnesium citrate is taken, call the Poison Help line at 1-800-222-1222.

Dosage and Preparation

The instructions and dosage for using magnesium citrate will be available on the bottle, but most often the dosage for constipation in adults is 10 ounces.  For children 6 to 12 years old, the dosage may be 5 ounces. For children under the age of 6, seek help from a pediatrician about constipation.

Drinking 8 ounces of water after taking magnesium citrate is important to replace the fluid loss from the body when more water is pulled into the intestines.

Because of the taste, some people find that magnesium citrate is easier to drink if it is chilled in the refrigerator for a while before drinking it. This product is a laxative and it may cause diarrhea, and therefore drinking plenty of fluids after taking it is important in order to prevent dehydration. 

When magnesium citrate is used to clear out the colon prior to a procedure, such as a colonoscopy, the doctor’s office will give instructions on when to start taking it. It is important to use the product according to physician instructions because if the large intestine isn’t cleared of stool, it may be necessary to postpone the test or procedure and start the process all over again.

If there are any questions about using magnesium citrate, contact the doctor’s office. A pharmacist may also be able to help with general questions about this drug such as how it should be taken and if there could be any potential side effects or interactions with other medications or supplements.

A Word From Verywell

Constipation is common and is usually not a reason to visit a doctor unless it becomes chronic or it is causing significant discomfort or pain. For many people, the first instinct to resolve constipation is to turn to an over-the-counter laxative, and in most cases, laxatives are safe to use once in a while.

Magnesium citrate is mild when used in the recommended amounts, and may help result in a bowel movement. However, in larger amounts, which is prescribed by a physician to clear out the colon of all stool, magnesium citrate can cause a lot of diarrhea.

Constipation that is occurring more frequently should be discussed with a physician in order to discuss the most appropriate way to resolve it and to find out if there is an underlying cause that needs diagnosis and treatment.

Pros and cons of taking a magnesium supplement

Many Americans don’t get enough magnesium in their diets. Before you reach for a supplement, though, you should know that just a few servings of magnesium-rich foods a day can meet your need for this important nutrient.

Nuts, seeds, whole grains, beans, leafy vegetables, milk, yogurt and fortified foods are good sources. One ounce of almonds contains 20% of the daily magnesium an adult needs. Even water (tap, mineral or bottled) can provide magnesium. Some laxatives and antacids also contain magnesium.

Why is magnesium important? Magnesium plays many crucial roles in the body, such as supporting muscle and nerve function and energy production.

Low magnesium levels usually don’t cause symptoms. However, chronically low levels can increase the risk of high blood pressure, heart disease, type 2 diabetes and osteoporosis.

Too much magnesium from foods isn’t a concern for healthy adults. However, the same can’t be said for supplements. High doses of magnesium from supplements or medications can cause nausea, abdominal cramping and diarrhea.

In addition, the magnesium in supplements can interact with some types of antibiotics and other medicines. Check with your doctor or pharmacist if you’re considering magnesium supplements, especially if you routinely use magnesium-containing antacids or laxatives.

• Lentils: How do I cook with them?
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Aug. 11, 2021

Show references

1. Magnesium: Fact sheet for professionals. National Institutes of Health. https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/. Accessed June 28, 2021.
2. Barbagallo M, et al. Magnesium in aging, health and diseases. Nutrients. 2021; doi: 10.3390/nu13020463.

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Magnesium Citrate Uses, Benefits, Side Effects and More

Magnesium is the fourth most-abundant mineral in the body, and it’s mostly stored inside our bones. Because our bodies can’t make magnesium, we must get this mineral from our diets or supplements. Magnesium supplements are available in a variety of forms, one of which is magnesium citrate.

What is magnesium citrate good for?

The No. 1 reason to use any magnesium supplement is to help maintain adequate levels of this mineral in order to prevent deficiency. Believe it or not, some research shows that nearly two-thirds of the population in the western world does not achieve the recommended daily allowance for magnesium.

Magnesium deficiency is believed to be one of the most prevalent nutrient deficiencies that affects adults, for reasons including poor soil quality, issues with absorption, and a lack of fruits or vegetables in people’s diets. Not only can magnesium citrate help defend against deficiency symptoms like fatigue, muscle aches and trouble sleeping, but it’s also commonly used by doctors to alleviate constipation. That’s not all. Read on learn more about magnesium citrate.

What Is Magnesium Citrate?

Magnesium citrate is an over-the-counter magnesium preparation made with a combination of salt and citric acid. Magnesium citrate is sometimes described as a “saline laxative” because it effectively works to relieve constipation and clear out the intestines, thanks to its ability to increase water and fluids in the small intestine. However, treating occasional constipation is not the only use for magnesium citrate supplements — they are also taken for nutritional support.

What does magnesium citrate do for the body?

Magnesium itself is an essential, multipurposed mineral involved in over 300 enzymatic reactions in the body. About 99 percent of the total magnesium found in the human body is located in bones, muscles and non-muscular soft tissue. The main purpose of using magnesium citrate and other forms of magnesium is to maintain healthy levels, since magnesium deficiency can contribute to a wide variety of symptoms and conditions. These include trouble sleeping, headaches, fatigue, and muscle aches or spams.

Magnesium citrate benefits and uses include:

• Cleaning stool from the intestines, which is why magnesium citrate is sometimes used before surgery or certain bowel procedures like a colonoscopy
• Relieving constipation, gas and bloating
• Helping regulate muscle and nerve functions
• Supporting higher energy levels/preventing fatigue
• Supporting bone and dental health
• Helping with maintenance of normal blood pressure, heartbeat rhythms and blood glucose levels
• Helping maintain a positive outlook and calmness
• Supporting healthy immune system function

Types

Other names for magnesium citrate can include Citrate of Magnesia or the brand name Citroma.

The absorption rate and bioavailability of magnesium supplements differs depending on the kind you use. Research shows that usually types that dissolve in liquid are better absorbed in the gut than less soluble forms. Some research suggests that magnesium citrate, chelate and chloride forms are typically absorbed better than magnesium supplements in oxide and magnesium sulfate forms.

Here’s a bit about the different types of magnesium citrate supplements that are available:

• Magnesium citrate powder — This is a popular form of magnesium that is stirred into water or another fluid and taken for nutritional support. The powder is combined with water. This causes the two to bind together, creating “ionic magnesium citrate,” which is absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract.
• Magnesium citrate liquid — This form is the type usually taken for its laxative effects. A liquid magnesium citrate product usually has a magnesium content of about 290 mg per 1 fl oz (30 mL) serving. Other ingredients might also be added to enhance the taste and effects, such as potassium, lemon oil, polyethylene glycol, sodium and sugar/sucrose. Because liquid products are usually used as saline laxatives, they are typically taken about two or more hours before or after other drugs.
• Magnesium citrate capsules — Capsules are a convenient way to take magnesium citrate. They are usually taken just like powder forms, with at least a glass of water.

Magnesium Citrate vs. Chelate, Chloride Oil and Other Forms

Magnesium citrate is only one of a number of magnesium supplement options. Here is how different forms of magnesium compare:

• Magnesium Chelate — highly absorbable by the body and the kind found in foods like fruits and vegetables naturally. This type is bound to multiple amino acids (proteins) and often used to restore magnesium levels and prevent deficiency.
• Magnesium Chloride Oil — an oil form of magnesium that can be applied to skin. It’s also given to people who have digestive disorders that prevent normal absorption of magnesium from their food. Athletes sometimes use magnesium oil to increase energy and endurance, dull muscle pain, and heal wounds or skin irritation. It can also be used to soothe skin issues like dermatitis, eczema and acne.
• Magnesium Oxide — typically used as a laxative and remedy for acid reflux. This type may be taken in higher doses than other forms since its not absorbed as well. Another name for this type is hydroxide, which is the ingredient in milk of magnesia that is taken for heartburn symptoms.
• Magnesium Sulfate — a combination of magnesium, sulfur and oxygen that is sold as Epsom salt. This type is usually added to baths as it seeps through the skin, relieving sore muscles and promoting relaxation.
• Magnesium Glycinate — highly absorbable. This is recommended for anyone with a known magnesium deficiency and less likely to cause laxative effects than some other magnesium supplements.
• Magnesium Threonate — has a high level of absorbability/bioavailability since it can penetrate the mitochondrial membrane. This type is not as readily available, but as more research is conducted, it may become more widely used.
• Magnesium Orotate — have orotic acid. Magnesium orotate is beneficial to the heart.

Health Benefits (Including for Constipation)

1. Can Help Treat Constipation and Clear Out the Intestines

Does magnesium citrate make you poop?

Yes, it usually results in a bowel movement within 30 minutes to eight hours, depending on the type you take and the dosage. Lower doses are recommended for daily use to help with regularity, in addition to sticking with other healthy diet and lifestyle habits. Higher doses are used only once or for several days if being used for medical reasons, such as for a colonoscopy. If a high dose is taken you can expect to have a bowel movement within about three hours.

Magnesium citrate pulls water into the intestines due to its chemical structure. Magnesium and citric acid have oppositely charged atoms, which causes an osmotic effect to take place in your digestive tract when you consume them together. This means that water enters the intestines and becomes absorbed by the stools. This helps lubricate the GI tract and soften stools, making it easier to pass a bowel movement.

2. Can Help Prevent Magnesium Deficiency Symptoms

Taking magnesium citrate is one way to increase magnesium levels, especially since it has higher bioavailability than some other types of magnesium supplements. Preventing magnesium deficiency is important because magnesium is needed for hundreds of different bodily functions, plus for warding off common symptoms like anxiety, trouble sleeping, aches, spasms, headaches and blood pressure changes.

3. Can Help Support Muscle and Nerve Functions

Because magnesium is an electrolyte that is particularly important for the muscles and nerve cells, using magnesium citrate may provide benefits like enhancing relaxation, increasing sleep quality. and helping with stress relief. It also can help fight muscle spasms, aches and pains since magnesium helps contracted muscles relax.

That said, other forms of magnesium tend to be more popular for these effects, including magnesium glycinate, magnesium sulfate or magnesium chloride oil.

4. May Help Protect Against Kidney Stones

High calcium levels in the urine can contribute to kidney stones. In fact, it’s estimated that high urinary calcium is the cause of kidney stones in upward of 80 percent of cases. Calcium and magnesium work together to balance each other out, and magnesium may be able to decrease accumulation of calcium, thereby supporting good kidney health. While magnesium citrate is useful for this prevention of kidney issues, magnesium oxide may work even better for this purpose. (It’s frequently recommended at doses of approximately 400 milligrams per day.)

5. Beneficial for Cardiovascular and Bone Health

Magnesium is an essential mineral for maintaining bone density, normal cardiac rhythmicity, pulmonary function and healthy blood glucose levels. Having adequate levels is important for maintaining normal blood pressure and heartbeat rhythms, protecting against issues like hypertension and arrhythmia (irregular heartbeats). This is why deficiency in magnesium may lead to metabolic and circulatory changes that increase the risk of developing chronic conditions like cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, osteoporosis and others.

Magnesium is also needed to help with proper absorption of vitamin D, which has been associated with better protection against osteoporosis/weak bones, a weakened immune system and a number of illnesses. Vitamin D and magnesium, along with calcium and vitamin K, can help regulate bone metabolism and maintenance of bone density.

Related: Most Supplements Contain Magnesium Stearate — Is It Safe?

Recommended Dosage (and How to Use It)

The magnesium dosage that is right for you is based on factors like your medical condition, age, any symptoms you’re experiencing and how sensitive to this product you are. It’s important to always read the directions on the label of the product you use, since each product works a bit differently.

Below are general recommendations for magnesium citrate dosages:

• If you’re taking magnesium citrate as a nutritional supplement, a general recommendation for adults is to take between 200 and 400 milligrams per day orally in a single daily dose, or in divided doses, with a full glass of water.
• If you’re taking magnesium citrate for the purpose of constipation relief or bowel evacuation, the standard dose is 195–300 mL of liquid magnesium in a single daily dose or in divided doses with full glass of water, or two to four tablets before bedtime.
• Adult men should generally stick with the recommended daily allowance of 400 to 420 mg/day, while adult women should stick with 310 to 320 mg/day. However, sometimes a patient may take higher doses, up to 900 milligrams daily, if working with a health care provider.
• In liquid form, the standard dosage recommendation is 290 mg/5ml daily, unless your doctor tells you otherwise.
• In tablet form, the the standard dosage recommendation is 100 mg/day, which might be taken in two to three divided doses.
• Pregnant and breastfeeding women need about 320 to 350 mg/day.
• Children should take between 60 to 195 milligrams per day, depending on their age (it’s best to check with your pediatrician first).

Here are tips for taking magnesium citrate:

• If using a magnesium citrate powder, start with a low dose, about half a teaspoon daily or 200 milligrams or less, and increase as needed to the full or recommended amount as stated on the product label.
• Take this product with a full glass of water (at least eight ounces), since it works by pulling water into the intestines.
• Magnesium can usually be taken with or without food. However, depending on the reason you’re taking magnesium citrate, your doctor might tell you to take it on an empty stomach, at least one hour before or two hours after a meal.
• Magnesium can be taken at any time of day. Trying picking a time of day to take magnesium and stick with it, since daily use of a moderate dosage may have the best effects.
• Many people find the taste of magnesium citrate to be unpleasant, so if you’d like to improve the taste, try chilling the mixture first or mixing it with a small amount of juice. Just don’t freeze magnesium citrate. This can change how it works.
• Some magnesium citrate products work by dissolving in water first, which usually works fastest when you use warm water, although cold water will work too (effects will just take slightly longer to kick in).
• Don’t forget to also aim to get magnesium naturally from a nutrient-dense diet full of anti-inflammatory plant foods.

How long does it take for magnesium citrate to kick in?

If you’re taking magnesium citrate for constipation or prior to bowel procedure, it should have an effect within about six to eight hours and sometimes in as little as 30 minutes. If you’re taking a low dose daily, such as before bed, it may kick in within 30 minutes but not encourage a bowel movement until the next morning. The length of time it takes to kick in depends on how much you take and how sensitive you are.

Is magnesium citrate safe to take daily?

Yes, as long as you take a low to moderate amount and not a high dose that causes loose stools repeatedly.

Ideally you want to maintain healthy digestion and normal bowel function by drinking plenty of water and fluids and by eating a diet that includes enough fiber and magnesium-rich foods — such as dark leafy greens, beans, avocado and bananas. Exercising, sleeping enough, managing stress, and avoiding too much caffeine and alcohol are also important for staying “regular” and reducing reliance on laxatives.

Is magnesium citrate not working for you?

You may need to increase the dosage you’re taking or try splitting the dose in two parts. If you’re looking for other benefits besides constipation relief, consider trying another form of magnesium or getting your doctor’s advice.

Risks, Side Effects and Interactions

Magnesium citrate may have a laxative effect in some cases when taken in high doses but is otherwise considered safe for most people.

That said, it’s possible for magnesium citrate side effects to occur, especially if you take a high dose for an extended period of time. Magnesium citrate side effects may include:

• Dehydration symptoms/loss of too much body water
• Diarrhea
• Abdominal pain, gas and nausea
• Decreased weight
• Weakness
• Rarely, serious side effects like slow/irregular heartbeat, mental/mood changes, persistent diarrhea, severe/persistent stomach/abdominal pain, bloody stools, rectal bleeding, decreased urination and allergic reactions

You don’t want to use magnesium citrate too often because this can wind up causing “dependence” on the product and loss of normal bowel function. People who abuse laxatives, including magnesium citrate, may not be able to have normal bowel movement without using the product after some time.

You also shouldn’t take magnesium citrate or other laxatives if you’re taking antibiotics, especially tetracycline/quinolone. If you need to take both, take them at least two hours apart. If you have any of the following medical conditions, talk to your doctor before you start taking magnesium citrate: kidney disease, GI issues that last longer than two weeks, frequent stomach pains, nausea, vomiting, or if you’ve been told to follow a low-magnesium or low-potassium diet.

When it comes to using magnesium supplements during pregnancy or giving magnesium to your child, it’s recommended that you check with your doctor first, although both are usually safe and can be beneficial.

Final Thoughts

• Magnesium citrate is an over-the-counter magnesium supplement made with a combination of salt and citric acid. It is sometimes described as a “saline laxative” because it effectively works to relieve constipation and clear out the intestines. It does this by drawing water and fluids into the intestines, which lubricates stools.
• Other magnesium citrate benefits include helping increase magnesium levels and prevent deficiency and supporting bone, nerve, muscle and heart health.
• If you take a high dosage of magnesium citrate you might experience side effects, including diarrhea/loose stools. Other magnesium citrate side effects can include dehydration, weakness, abdominal pains and weight loss.
• Always follow magnesium citrate dosage recommendations carefully, since each type of product (powder, liquid and pills) works a bit differently.

Read Next: You Probably Have Low Potassium — Start Eating These 12 Foods

Magnesium Citrate oral solution

What is this medicine?

MAGNESIUM CITRATE (mag NEE zee um SI treyt) is a saline laxative. It is used to treat occasional constipation, but it should not be used regularly for this purpose.

This medicine may be used for other purposes; ask your health care provider or pharmacist if you have questions.

COMMON BRAND NAME(S): Citroma

What should I tell my health care provider before I take this medicine?

They need to know if you have any of these conditions:

• are on a low magnesium or low sodium diet
• change in bowel habits for 2 weeks
• colostomy or ileostomy
• constipation after using another laxative for 7 days
• diabetes
• kidney disease
• rectal bleeding
• stomach pain, nausea, or vomiting
• an unusual or allergic reaction to magnesium citrate, other magnesium products, other medicines, foods, dyes, or preservatives
• pregnant or trying to get pregnant
• breast-feeding

How should I use this medicine?

Take this medicine by mouth. Follow the directions on the package or prescription label. Use a specially marked spoon or container to measure each dose. Ask your pharmacist if you do not have one. Household spoons are not accurate. Drink a full glass of fluid with each dose of this medicine. This medicine may taste better if it is chilled before you drink it. Do not take your medicine more often than directed.

Talk to your pediatrician regarding the use of this medicine in children. While this drug may be prescribed for children as young as 2 years of age for selected conditions, precautions do apply.

Overdosage: If you think you have taken too much of this medicine contact a poison control center or emergency room at once.

NOTE: This medicine is only for you. Do not share this medicine with others.

What if I miss a dose?

This does not apply; this medicine is not for regular use.

What may interact with this medicine?

• cellulose sodium phosphate
• digoxin
• edetate disodium, EDTA
• medicines for bone strength like etidronate, ibandronate, risedronate
• sodium polystyrene sulfonate
• some antibiotics like ciprofloxacin, doxycycline, gatifloxacin, levofloxacin, tetracycline
• vitamin D

This list may not describe all possible interactions. Give your health care provider a list of all the medicines, herbs, non-prescription drugs, or dietary supplements you use. Also tell them if you smoke, drink alcohol, or use illegal drugs. Some items may interact with your medicine.

What should I watch for while using this medicine?

Tell your doctor or healthcare professional if your symptoms do not start to get better or if they get worse.

Do not take any other medicine by mouth within 2 hours of taking this medicine.

What side effects may I notice from receiving this medicine?

Side effects that you should report to your doctor or health care professional as soon as possible:

• allergic reactions like skin rash, itching or hives, swelling of the face, lips, or tongue
• breathing problems
• chest pain
• fast, irregular heartbeat
• muscle weakness
• nausea or vomiting

Side effects that usually do not require medical attention (report to your doctor or health care professional if they continue or are bothersome):

This list may not describe all possible side effects. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.

Where should I keep my medicine?

Keep out of the reach of children.

Store at room temperature or in the refrigerator between 8 and 30 degrees C (46 and 86 degrees F). Throw away any unused medicine 24 hours after opening the bottle. Throw away unopened bottles of medicine after the expiration date.

NOTE: This sheet is a summary. It may not cover all possible information. If you have questions about this medicine, talk to your doctor, pharmacist, or health care provider.

Magnesium Citrate | Side Effects | Dosage | Precautions

By Medicover Hospitals / 12 Feb 2021
Home | Medicine | Magnesium Citrate

1. Magnesium Citrate Uses
2. Magnesium Citrate Side effects
3. Precautions
4. Dosage
5. Storage
6. Magnesium Citrate vs Miralax
7. Frequently Asked Questions
8. Citations

Magnesium Citrate Uses:

• Bowel evacuation
• Constipation
• Bowel Irregularity
• Nutritional supplement and treats acid indigestion

Magnesium Citrate Side effects

• Abdominal cramp
• Diarrhea
• Bloating
• Electrolyte imbalance
• Nausea
• Vomiting

Precautions:

• Bowel problems
• Heart disease
• Kidney disease
• Stomach and abdominal symptoms

How to take Magnesium Citrate?

Dosage of Magnesium Citrate

• Liquid- 290 mg/5 ml
• Tablet- 100 mg

Missed Dose:

Overdose:

Interactions

Storage

Magnesium citrate Vs miralax

Frequently Asked Questions:

Magnesium is a natural mineral that is important to many systems in the body, especially muscles and nerves. Magnesium citrate also increases intestinal water. Magnesium citrate is used as a laxative for the treatment of occasional constipation.

This is not for long-term use. Anyone with chronic, long-lasting constipation episodes should avoid the use of magnesium citrate. Using magnesium citrate regularly may cause the body to become dependent on it, making it difficult for a person to pass stools without the use of laxatives.

Men – 420 mg per day. Women – 320 mg per day. Pregnant women younger than 50 years of age: 360 mg/day. Breastfeeding women younger than 50 years of age: 320 mg/day.

Magnesium Citrate is a product that, when properly taken by orally and followed by 32 ounces of liquid (from a clear liquid diet), quickly cleanses the intestine by causing watery diarrhea.

Magnesium citrate is a saline laxative which is thought to work by increasing the fluid in the small intestine. It usually results in intestinal movement within 30 minutes to 3 hours.

Take magnesium citrate on an empty stomach at least 1 hour before or 2 hours after meals. Measure liquid medicine with a dosing syringe or with a special dosing spoon or medicine cup.

Magnesium supplements may cause excessive accumulation of magnesium in the blood, especially in patients with chronic kidney disease. Accumulation of magnesium in the blood may cause muscle weakness, but does not directly damage the kidneys.

How Often Can You Take Magnesium Citrate?

Talk with your doctor before taking magnesium citrate.

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Magnesium is one of the most abundant minerals in the body, essential in energy production, blood pressure and blood sugar regulation. protein synthesis and nerve, heart and muscle function.

Although this mineral is naturally present in foods, magnesium compounds — such as magnesium citrate — may be recommended as a laxative or to counter a deficiency.

Since excess supplemental magnesium can lead to toxicity, it’s important to follow recommendations on how much and how often to use this supplement. How often you take magnesium citrate and how much will depend on why you’re taking it along with your doctor’s input.

What Is Magnesium Citrate?

Magnesium citrate, a compound of magnesium and citric acid, is a common way to supplement this mineral, as it’s inexpensive and well absorbed by the body.

This magnesium salt contains 16 percent elemental magnesium, an important factor to remember when reading the supplement facts label — which details the amount of magnesium found in each serving. Magnesium citrate is available without a prescription and can be purchased in pill, powder and liquid form.

What Is Magnesium Citrate Used For?

Magnesium citrate is commonly used as a laxative and for treatment of magnesium deficiency. And because deficiency of this mineral is associated with cardiovascular disease, diabetes, migraines, asthma and pregnancy complications such as eclampsia, your doctor may recommend magnesium supplementation if you have one of these disorders.

But on the other hand, since too much magnesium can be toxic, it’s important to follow recommendations for correct dosing, including frequency of use.

Magnesium Citrate Dosage to Treat or Prevent Deficiency

If you have a magnesium deficiency, or if you are at risk of developing low levels of magnesium in your body, your doctor may recommend supplementation with magnesium citrate tablets — and counsel you on safe and effective dosing.

Unless otherwise recommended by your doctor, the supplemented magnesium citrate dose should not be higher than the Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) of 350 milligrams of elemental magnesium per day, as established by the Food and Nutrition Board at the Institute of Medicine of the National Academies.

Magnesium may be taken in single or divided daily doses and can be safe for most people to use daily — in doses at or below the UL. However, it’s good practice to discuss long-term use of this supplement with your doctor.

Magnesium Citrate Dosage for Constipation

Magnesium also functions as a laxative, since its presence in the gut attracts water, making stools more watery and stimulating bowel movements. A single dose of the most common strength of liquid magnesium citrate, which for adults is 5 to 10 ounces — or 1.4 to 2.8 grams of elemental magnesium — may be used to treat occasional constipation, producing results within six hours.

Since this dose is 4 to 8 times the UL, this treatment should only be used occasionally and not for management of ongoing constipation. Follow package directions, as different strengths may be available, and be sure to drink a full glass of water along with the magnesium citrate to avoid upsetting your stomach.

Magnesium Citrate Dosage for Bowel Cleansing

Emptying the bowel of fecal contents, or bowel cleansing, is essential prior to a successful colonoscopy, or other imaging of the intestines. While polyethylene glycol (PEG) and oral sodium phosphate are the most common bowel preparations, magnesium citrate may also be recommended alone or in combination with half the usual dose of PEG.

To use magnesium for bowel preparation, follow your doctor’s advice on dosing, which usually involves drinking the prescribed laxative in two doses, starting the afternoon or evening before your procedure. Be sure to drink plenty of water along with your bowel preparation laxative.

Read more: 7 Cool Facts About Poop That Will Amaze You

Feeling constipated? Check with your doctor about treatment options.

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The Symptoms of a Magnesium Deficiency

Assessing magnesium deficiency is challenging because most of the body’s magnesium is stored in the bone or inside body cells — not in the blood, where it can be most easily measured. Severe magnesium deficiency is not common, but mild to moderate deficiencies are more likely to be found in the U.S. population.

In fact, 60 percent of U.S. adults don’t consume the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) of magnesium, which ranges from 310 to 420 milligrams per day, depending on age and gender.

Since every cell in the body requires magnesium, and this mineral plays a role in many body functions, prolonged low dietary intake can lead to deficiency symptoms. Initial signs include:

• Nausea and vomiting
• Loss of appetite
• Weakness, lack of energy and fatigue

More pronounced deficiency can lead to generalized symptoms including anxiety, depression, headaches, sleep disorders, hyperactivity, and can potentially affect many body systems, causing symptoms such as:

• Muscle spasms or cramps
• Nervousness, poor memory, seizures, tremor or vertigo
• Numbness and tingling
• Heart rhythm abnormalities
• Pregnancy complications such as eclampsia and premature labor

Magnesium deficiency can also affect bone health, contribute to worsening of blood cholesterol, blood sugar and blood pressure levels, and is linked to constipation, chronic fatigue syndrome and asthma.

Side Effects of Magnesium Citrate

If the correct dosing is followed, magnesium citrate can be well tolerated. However, gastrointestinal side effects could occur, including:

• Loose stools or diarrhea
• Stomach cramps or upset stomach
• Abdominal gas
• Dizziness
• Vomiting

Read more: 7 Signs Your Gut Is Out of Whack

Magnesium Citrate Drug Interactions

Taking magnesium at the same time as some other medications can alter drug absorption, and certain drugs can affect body levels of magnesium — and influence supplement requirements.

For instance, if you’re taking certain antibiotics, muscle relaxants or blood pressure medications, or if you are taking alendronate (Foxamax), a common osteoporosis medication, you may need to space these medications at least 2 hours apart from your magnesium supplements.

Using magnesium along with certain diuretics or medications that minimize urinary loss of nutrients can lead to increased body levels of magnesium. If you’re taking any prescription medications, discuss potential interactions or safety issues with your doctor.

Warnings

• Let your doctor know if you are taking magnesium citrate on an ongoing basis, and if your doctor recommends you use this supplement, follow dosing directions.
• Don’t use magnesium citrate or other laxatives as a means to lose weight, as this is a dangerous practice that can lead to severe dehydration, electrolyte abnormalities, organ damage and even death.
• If you have ongoing constipation which is not relieved a high-fiber diet, increased fluid intake and by occasional use of liquid magnesium citrate, see your doctor.
• If you have kidney disease, magnesium supplements are more likely to lead to toxicity, so avoid magnesium citrate unless specifically recommended by your doctor.
• Finally, if you experience an allergic reaction after using magnesium citrate, such as hives, swelling or difficulty breathing, seek immediate medical attention.

What Dosage Should You Take? – BetterYou

As magnesium is crucial for a healthy body, you may be wondering if magnesium supplements are safe. Magnesium can come from the food we eat and any supplements we take.

If you’re not sure whether taking magnesium is safe for you, or you want to know the right dose and any possible side effects, read on for more information.

Quick links:

Is magnesium safe to take?

Yes, magnesium is safe to take. In fact, it’s one of seven main minerals that our bodies need in fairly large amounts to be able to function properly. Without it, we might develop a magnesium deficiency.

Taking magnesium supplements is safe providing you don’t go too far over the recommended dose for your age. These recommended doses are set out below.

If you have a medical condition, it’s always worth checking with your doctor that it’s safe to begin taking magnesium.

Is it safe to take magnesium supplements every day?

Yes, as long as you keep to the recommended daily dose, which is set by the Government’s Department of Health.

Adult men are advised to take no more than 300 mg each day, while adult women shouldn’t exceed 270 mg (unless they are pregnant, when the recommended dose increases to 400 mg). For children, the dosages are much lower.

Discover what type and dosage of magnesium you should be taking.

It’s worth mentioning that these dosages are only for oral supplements (e.g. tablets). Transdermal magnesium—applied directly to your skin—has no upper limit. Transdermal magnesium also has many other benefits, including better sleep.

Is it safe to take magnesium when pregnant?

Yes, it is safe to take magnesium when pregnant. There’s no scientific evidence to point to any risks associated with taking magnesium during pregnancy, or later when breastfeeding. You can take pregnancy supplements to support a healthy pregnancy, from conception to breastfeeding.

In fact, the recommended daily dosage for pregnant women increases from 375 mg to 400 mg for supplements taken by mouth. Again, with transdermal magnesium, there is no maximum dose.

Can you take too much magnesium?

At present, there’s little clinical evidence to show that taking high doses of magnesium over a long period of time can be harmful.

There’s a chance that taking extremely high doses of magnesium could have some harmful side effects. But as long as you stick to 400 mg or less a day from oral minerals, you shouldn’t have any problems. Taking more than this isn’t recommended unless you’re under medical supervision.

If you’re healthy, you’re unlikely to take in a surplus of magnesium from food as your kidneys get rid of any excess amount in your urine¹.

What are the side effects of taking magnesium?

Can it cause joint pain or muscle pain?

Magnesium is a natural muscle relaxant so shouldn’t cause you any pain. In fact, magnesium is great for reducing muscle tension. There have been cases of people feeling pain or stiffness in their joints or muscles while taking the mineral, but these are rare side effects of magnesium.

As muscle pain isn’t a common side effect of high magnesium intake, it might actually be that your intake is too low.

For most people, magnesium causes no pain and helps to strengthen bones and keep muscles functioning healthily.

Can it cause numbness, tingling or itchiness?

Taking oral magnesium shouldn’t cause any numbness, tingling or itchiness in your skin. These feelings, in fact, could be a sign that you have a deficiency, particularly if they occur in your feet, hands or face.

Magnesium helps with your nervous system and nerve endings, and any deficiency in the mineral can cause nerve damage, which leads to that tingling or numb sensation.

Transdermal magnesium can cause a tingling or feeling of itchiness when first applied to the skin. However, this side effect is usually a sign of low magnesium levels and will subside as levels increase.

Can it magnesium cause tiredness?

It shouldn’t. Taking magnesium is proven to improve sleep, and better sleep should leave you feeling more refreshed and energetic.

If you feel tired, this might actually suggest you aren’t getting enough magnesium—it’s very unlikely to be a side effect of the supplements themselves.

Can it cause diarrhoea?

As magnesium is a natural muscle relaxant, taking large doses orally can have a laxative effect.

Transdermal application doesn’t have the same effects as it absorbs through your skin rather than passing through your digestive system.

Sources

1: https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/

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90,000 Answers to questions. Borovkova E.I.

Ekaterina Igorevna Borovkova , professor:

– Which magnesium use is most effective during pregnancy, as a tocolytic or for nutritional support and nutrition? Thanks for the question, but there are two completely different indications for magnesium supplementation. That is, if the threat of premature birth develops, we prescribe magnesium preparations for tocolysis and use them only in the form of intravenous infusions.If we want to supplement the patient’s diet with you and supplement it with magnesium preparations, then we will use the tablet forms of the drug with you and achieve the required desired effectiveness with you. Accordingly, the effective use of magnesium preparations in parenteral forms for acute and massive tocolysis has been proven, and the effectiveness of the use of magnesium preparations in tablet form for the prevention of preeclampsia, for the prevention and treatment of the threat of termination of pregnancy and for nutritional support of patients with obesity and gestational diabetes has been proven.

What is the prophylactic magnesium dosage? Prophylactic, according to available studies, including studies from 33 countries – from 300 to 500 milligrams of magnesium was prescribed per day in tablets and the high efficacy of the drug was shown. In accordance with this, it is recommended to use the average daily dose, which we calculate from the mass of patients. On average, this is about 300-400 milligrams of magnesium, depending on the mass. If we talk about magnesium preparations, which we most widely use, then in Russia the most common use of Magne B6 preparations is due to the fact that there is also Pyridoxine, which also has a beneficial effect on the course of pregnancy.So, when using Magne B6 preparations, we recommend using Magne B6 Forte, since by prescribing only 3 tablets per day, we achieve exactly the daily required dosage. If Magne B6 is easy to use, you need to use 4 to 6 tablets. Another very important note: Magne B6 Forte contains magnesium citrate. The use of citrate forms both improves absorption, and improves the stabilization of some metabolic processes, and restores the sensitivity of insulin receptors.

Is it possible to take magnesium for the entire period of pregnancy, are there any contraindications? Individual intolerance may be one of the contraindications. When prescribing drugs in a daily dosage, as a rule, we do not achieve any overdose and, in general, side effects are practically not pronounced. But any medication we prescribe during pregnancy must be justified. That is, we cannot just give you a magnesium preparation just like that. That is, if a woman is at risk of developing preeclampsia, we justify this in history and can prescribe magnesium preparations to her.If the patient has a history and recurrent miscarriage, in order to prevent abortion or premature birth, we can also prescribe her throughout pregnancy. However, prescribing parenteral drugs requires mandatory monitoring of diuresis, respiratory rate and knee reflex, since we can cause an overdose of magnesium, and an overdose is possible only when magnesium is administered parenterally. That is, the tablet form will not lead to an overdose of magnesium.

Can magnesium deficiency in a woman’s body be considered the central cause of chronic miscarriage? I think not. Perhaps magnesium deficiency can contribute to the manifestation of abortion, but, of course, all over the world it is believed that the main causes of miscarriage, that is, early abortion, are infectious pathology, gene and chromosomal abnormalities and endocrine pathologies. These are the main reasons, after all, not magnesium deficiency. Although he can, of course, join them and aggravate the situation.

Should we include magnesium supplements in the list of therapeutic recommendations for metabolic syndrome? Yes. And such recommendations already exist abroad. And all patients who are undergoing therapy for obesity or with an identified metabolic syndrome, they, as a rule, are on a certain limited diet, without fail receive multivitamin preparations, which also include magnesium, including in a small dosage, but it is present. Separately prescribe magnesium preparations in the therapy of patients with metabolic syndrome – I have not seen such studies so that such drugs were prescribed separately, but if we talk about pregnant patients with metabolic syndrome, then for such patients we really prescribe magnesium preparations separately from multivitamins, but not so much, as for therapy and correction of metabolic abnormalities, but as much as to prevent the aggravation of the development of insulin resistance, to prevent and reduce the likelihood of premature birth or preeclampsia.Because women with metabolic syndrome, they develop placental insufficiency in more than 80% of cases, preeclampsia – in 50%, premature birth – about 62%, that is, these are patients who are colossally threatened by the development of these complications.

Pregnancy was turned into a disease. Does everyone need so much medicine? Thanks for this question! You know, when managing pregnant patients, I always tell them that pregnancy is not a disease. That is, almost all patients who do not have any serious extragenital diseases are treated with minimal prescription of drugs.Fortunately, according to the order, which is also valid and working in Russia, we prescribe no more than 4 medicines at a time during pregnancy, which also include multivitamins. That is, if we prescribe a multivitamin and magnesium preparations, then we will have only 2 remedies for medicines. Therefore, of course – no, you don’t need extra medication. And all the drugs that we prescribe are only justified according to strict indications.

If the daily requirement for calcium covers one glass of milk, which product contains the daily requirement of magnesium? This is very conditional about calcium, this test program was developed in the USA, and they tested it according to a glass of milk in order to simplify the identification of patients who lack calcium.With magnesium, everything is more complicated, because it is very difficult to assess the concentration of magnesium even in the human body, because, in general, it is contained in the composition of many protein structures, and it is difficult to say which product. I find it difficult to answer.

Vladimir Trofimovich Ivashkin , Academician of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Doctor of Medical Sciences:

– Probably a bunch of parsley.

Borovkova E.I. :

– Not only, also dairy products.

Elena Sergeevna Akarachkova , Doctor of Medical Sciences:

– Goat’s milk covers the daily magnesium requirement. But goat’s milk must be fresh.

Borovkova E.I. :

– And will it be absorbed in the intestines? Is there any intolerance? Basically, with a balanced diet, if the patient gets enough protein and carbohydrates, she, in theory, will receive the required dose of magnesium. Another thing is that during pregnancy, the concentration of magnesium in the uterus must increase a thousandfold in order for it to be in a relaxed state.In this regard, the general recommendations are such that we prescribe either as part of a multivitamin or as part of a monopreparation of an additional magnesian agent. Thank you very much for this question.

Ivashkin V.T. :

– Thank you very much, Ekaterina Igorevna, that you, from the standpoint of high science, highlighted the process known to mankind for centuries. This is the first thing. And the second – do you remember how one of Moliere’s heroes “The Bourgeois in the Nobility” found out with surprise that he had been speaking prose all his life? Today we have learned with you one more important truth that, after all, pregnancy is not a disease.Wonderful! This is generally a great achievement for today. Well, thank you very much, indeed, because so many questions indicate that, indeed, this topic is inexhaustible.

How to fill the magnesium deficiency in the body: advice from a gastroenterologist

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How to fill the magnesium deficiency in the body: advice from the gastroenterologist

How to fill the magnesium deficiency in the body: advice from a gastroenterologist – RIA Novosti Sport, 29.05.2020

How to fill the magnesium deficiency in the body: advice from a gastroenterologist

Morning sickness, loss of appetite, regular feeling of fatigue, muscle cramps, twitching of the arms and legs, numbness of the limbs – all these are symptoms indicating … RIA Novosti Sport, 29.05. 2020

2020-05-29T14: 30

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MOSCOW, May 29 – RIA Novosti. Morning sickness, loss of appetite, regular feeling of tiredness, muscle cramps, twitching of the arms and legs, numbness of the limbs are all symptoms that indicate a lack of magnesium. Yana Prudnikova, a gastroenterologist and nutritionist, spoke about how to deal with this. She noted that magnesium is a valuable nutrient and is responsible for many processes in the body, which is why its deficiency is dangerous to health.According to the gastroenterologist, women are 30 percent more likely to be deficient in magnesium than men. This is due to aldosterone, a hormone that retains water in the blood with the help of sodium. “Magnesium in such a situation passes from the blood to the accumulated water in the extracellular space and is excreted from the body,” she clarifies. In addition, the body loses a lot of magnesium due to strong emotional experiences, as well as with prolonged use of oral contraceptives. The doctor claims that magnesium is better absorbed through the skin than through the gastrointestinal tract.Therefore, to quickly replenish its reserves, it is recommended to take baths with salt, as well as use magnesium oils, gels and lotions. From food, the digestibility of magnesium is increased: But gluten, flax, cocoa, not soaked nuts and mushrooms, on the contrary, significantly reduce the absorption of magnesium.

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MOSCOW, May 29 – RIA Novosti. Morning sickness, loss of appetite, regular feeling of fatigue, muscle cramps, twitching of the arms and legs, numbness of the limbs are all symptoms indicating a lack of magnesium. Yana Prudnikova, a gastroenterologist and nutritionist, spoke about how to deal with this.

She noted that magnesium is a valuable nutrient and is responsible for many processes in the body, which is why its deficiency is dangerous to health.

“Magnesium participates in the metabolism of vitamin C, B vitamins (they are best taken together) and in the regulation of vascular and muscle tone,” the specialist writes in his Instagram. relaxing) effect on the stomach, enhances intestinal motility, restores the cardiac sphincter and neutralizes acidity. ”

May 26, 2020, 16: 30HOZHThe doctor named six drinks that will increase immunity on self-isolation

According to the gastroenterologist, women are deficient in magnesium by 30 percent more often than men.This is due to aldosterone, a hormone that retains water in the blood with the help of sodium. “Magnesium in such a situation passes from the blood into the accumulated water into the extracellular space and is excreted from the body,” she specifies.

In addition, the body loses a lot of magnesium due to strong emotional experiences, as well as with prolonged use of oral contraceptives.

“Oral contraceptives significantly reduce the level of pyridoxine (vitamin B6), which is the main magnesium-containing substance in the body.During the breakdown of vitamin B6, the allocated magnesium is not excreted from the body, but is used as needed, “says Yana Prudnikova.

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The doctor claims that magnesium is better absorbed through the skin than through the gastrointestinal tract.Therefore, to quickly replenish its reserves, it is recommended to take baths with salt, as well as use magnesium oils, gels and lotions.

From food, the absorption of magnesium is enhanced:

• –

  animal protein;

• –

  resistant starch: legumes, green bananas, chilled rice;

• –

  oligosaccharides: cucumbers, zucchini, nuts, cabbage;

• –

  inulin: chicory, Jerusalem artichoke, bananas;

lactose cottage cheese, garlic, beans, asparagus, broccoli.

But gluten, flax, cocoa, not soaked nuts and mushrooms, on the contrary, significantly reduce the absorption of magnesium.

The best and worst forms of magnesium on the market today

The human body is a complex biological system, and therefore, in order to maintain its correct vital activity and health, it is necessary to timely replenish the loss of useful microelements.

Magnesium is the fourth mineral most important for people of all ages.This substance is actively used in more than 300 metabolic processes, is responsible for the proper functioning of many organs, participates in energy metabolism, regulation of blood pressure, transmission of signals to the nervous system and muscle activity.

With a lack of this component, the human body and immune system suffers serious damage, since the likelihood of developing such complex ailments as: diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, nervous disorders, severe headaches, etc. increases.d.

Of course, various magnesium salts are found in food in high concentrations, but this is not enough to fully satisfy the body’s needs even with a diet. That is why it is important to select sources for obtaining a valuable substance and use them wisely to heal the body and maintain its beauty and youth.

Consider , which magnesium is the best for our body and is available on the market today, and also give several forms that have an adverse effect.

Beneficial Forms of Magnesium

To maintain your own body in good shape, give vitality and recovery, a far-sighted and thoughtful decision will pay attention to a number of types of this mineral:

1. Citrate Mg. This is the most common type of component. This is explained by the fact that in this form the supplement is well absorbed by the digestive tract, and the price of magnesium citrate is quite low. Due to its association with citric acid, the ingredient has a mild laxative effect and, when properly dosed, can be used as an effective supplemental reliever for constipation.That is why this form is suitable for people who have problems with stool regularity, but not for those who suffer from impaired intestinal motor function.
2. Taurate Mg. The use of magnesium in this form is the best fit for people who have problems with the cardiovascular system. Supplements will help support muscle function, stabilize and control blood sugar levels. Regular intake and proper dosage will eliminate the likelihood of arrhythmias, heart damage caused by attacks.The substance is easily absorbed by the intestines, stabilizes cell walls and does not affect the excretory function of the body (it has no laxative properties).
3. Mg malate. This supplement will be suitable for use by people experiencing constant fatigue. Malic acid, present in the form, is a significant component of the cells of the body and is part of the enzymes that are involved in the synthesis of ATP and the generation of energy. Since ionic bonds in molecules can be easily broken, they are considered highly soluble and it is easy to obtain a magnesium solution .
4. Glycinate Mg. This amino acid is considered one of the most bioavailable and easily absorbed forms, which is used by the body to form protein compounds. It does not provoke bowel movements, soothes the nervous system well, fights stress and anxiety. It can be used as an additional remedy in the treatment of heart disease, diabetes, insomnia, and inflammatory processes.
5. Magnesium chloride (aka bischofite) .This format of the substance is easily absorbed and is actively used for heartburn, intestinal ailments and Mg deficiency. In addition, the component in the form of magnesium-mineral supplement helps to reduce muscle pain, get rid of toxins in the cells and tissues of the body, and also helps to improve kidney function and metabolic processes.
6. Carbonate Mg. This additive has antacid properties and is one of the readily available biological forms that converts to the previous form of the mineral when mixed with hydrochloric acid.A transformation reaction takes place in the stomach, which is used for health purposes for people with gastrointestinal disorders and acid reflux disorders.

In any case, it is necessary to study the instructions for the use of magnesium for each type of component. This will help to achieve the highest quality result, not harm your own body and maintain health by making up for the lack of a vital substance. At the same time, it is advisable to study reviews about magnesium of one type or another in order to understand how effective and safe it is.

Worst types of mineral

Despite all the benefits of the mineral, you need to be careful when choosing a supplement, as there are some forms that can harm the body. These include:

1. Mg oxide. It is a common type of component that is often sold in pharmacy chains. However, at the same time, it is not absorbed by the human body, since it has a low absorption rate, especially compared to the above types of supplements.So its use is not a beneficial phenomenon and does not bring health benefits.
2. Magnesium sulfate. This remedy is used as a laxative, a remedy that effectively fights bowel constipation and stimulates the production of bile. In this case, the component serves as a dangerous source of dietary magnesium, and therefore it is very easy to achieve an overdose and cause dehydration.
3. Glutamate and Mg aspartate. These types of substances should be avoided as carefully as possible, even in small doses.The acids that make up the composition (glutamic and aspartic) are constituents of the dangerous sweetener aspartame, which is an artificial substance. And they both have neurotoxic effects in the absence of a bond with other amino acids.

The most optimal form of magnesium, used in cosmetology and health products

Natural Mg chloride (bischofite) is most often used to create food supplements, cosmetics, care and health products.It is a slightly white or almost transparent crystals that dissolve well in water. Natural substance is extracted from salt deposits of the ancient ocean, preserved by nature for more than 250 million years at a depth of 2500 m.

Magnesium chloride is used according to the manufacturer’s instructions (depending on the type of product) in order to quickly and effectively fill the deficiency of the beneficial substance. The result of use is explained by the fact that the mineral molecules contain a large number of Mg ions and are perceived by the human body as the right minerals that enrich the body, making it stronger, healthier and younger.

Bishofit Poltavsky store offers a wide range of products based on MgCl2. On the site you can find dietary supplements, bath products, products for skin care, hair care, musculoskeletal system and much more. Magnesium instructions for use, price and a detailed description of the properties and range of application are attached to each position.

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Magnesium during pregnancy | Magnesium Diasporal® 300

Among pregnant women in the Russian Federation, the prevalence of magnesium deficiency is 81.2% [3].

Long-term, mainly metabolic, disorders are formed under the influence of hypomagnesemia in various organs, biological fluids and tissues, for example, placental calcification (the so-called “premature maturation of the placenta”).

Magnesium deficiency during pregnancy can cause adverse effects on both the mother and the fetus. The undesirable consequences of magnesium deficiency are manifested already in the first trimester of pregnancy, and the administration of magnesium preparations to pregnant women starting from the 4-5th week of pregnancy leads to a significant decrease in the level of spontaneous miscarriages [5].

According to foreign studies, it can be concluded that a magnesium deficiency in the body of a pregnant woman leads to fetal growth retardation (FGR).

Thus, in the study by J. Takaya, it was shown that in premature infants with low birth weight, the umbilical cord blood contains the lowest concentration of magnesium, the content of which directly affects the placental blood flow [8, 15].

In addition to protein deficiency, magnesium deficiency in the fetus leads to impaired energy metabolism of cells and increased transmembrane metabolism.

The tissues most dependent on magnesium are the tissues with the maximum density of mitochondria – the placenta, uterus, brain, myocardium, and somewhat less – muscle tissue. In the brain, magnesium has a higher concentration in the gray matter of the frontal cortex. Magnesium deficiency can be exacerbated even with apparently favorable diets, such as excessive intake of fat and calcium. The increased need for magnesium during pregnancy arises not only due to the growth of the fetus, but also due to certain changes in the woman’s body.This is an increase in the mass of the uterus from 100 to 1000 g, an increase in total blood mass due to an increase in the number of erythrocytes by 20-30%, an increase in mammary glands, a high level of estrogen, an increase in the level of aldosterone [4,9].

The most dangerous, rapidly developing consequence of magnesium deficiency in pregnant women is preeclampsia and eclampsia. It has been proven that in women with severe preeclampsia, the content of Mg ++ ions in the blood is lower than in healthy pregnant women, and in case of eclampsia it can drop several times, up to a maximum of 9 times [3, 6, 10].

In addition, it is known that the normal intake of dietary magnesium is inversely proportional to the risk of developing arterial hypertension and gestational diabetes in pregnant women. Analysis of 608 cases of metabolic syndrome in women showed that the severity of certain manifestations of this syndrome, including the level of insulin, is inversely proportional to the level of magnesium intake with food. Young women with adequate magnesium intake have a lower risk of developing metabolic syndrome [12].

There are many ways of pharmacological regulation of the contractile function of the uterus.At different stages of pregnancy, different groups of drugs are used, depending on the etiology of the pathological process [11,16]. One of the ways to reduce the increased tone of the myometrium is the use of magnesium-containing drugs.

The need for magnesium during pregnancy increases by 2-3 times.

Magnesium + B6 during pregnancy: what is it for?

A woman’s diet during pregnancy and lactation determines not only her health, but also the health of her baby.Now mom more than ever needs the entire amount of vitamins and minerals. Including magnesium. Let us dwell in more detail on its meaning for the woman’s body.

All about the importance of magnesium
Magnesium is involved in many biochemical reactions in the human body. Literally every action of both a small cell and the whole system is tied to the “work” of this microelement. It participates in metabolic processes and “smooth” functioning of internal organs, in the transmission of nerve impulses in the brain and muscle tissue contraction, control over the level of sugar, “bad” cholesterol “in the blood and blood pressure.
When magnesium is deficient, the body’s defenses are depleted. A person constantly feels tired, anxiety and nervousness appear, sleep disturbances make themselves felt, muscle pains can be noted. All unpleasant symptoms disappear, one has only to make up for the magnesium deficiency.

The role of magnesium during pregnancy and lactation
According to experts, about 60-80% of pregnant women experience a magnesium deficiency. But it is extremely important for the development of the fetus. What role does magnesium play?
● Regulates the tone of the uterus, which is the prevention of early miscarriage.
● Participates in the formation of the placenta – the main “connecting link” between mother and fetus.
● Participates in the formation of the child’s brain and bone tissues.
● Helps mom cope with stress caused by life changes.
● Helps mom to improve sleep, reduce the risk of severe swelling and leg cramps.
Maintaining adequate levels of magnesium in a pregnant woman’s body is one of the fundamental factors for the formation of a healthy fetus. Deficiency of the substance can lead to harmful consequences – up to the development of physical defects in the baby.
But even then, when the baby is born, it is extremely important for the mother to monitor her health and diet. After all, breast milk is the only source of vital vitamins and minerals for the baby. And of course, magnesium as well. If the mother does not have a micronutrient deficiency, then there will be enough of it in the body of a small child for normal development at an early age.

When pregnant and lactating women need additional magnesium intake
Sooner or later, the question of additional magnesium intake arises before every mother-to-be.The appropriate medication is prescribed by the attending physician. Magnesium supplementation may be indicated early in pregnancy and until the beginning of the last trimester. This is the prevention of miscarriage and accidental genetic abnormalities in the development of the fetus. Closer to childbirth, magnesium contributes to the active weight gain of the fetus.
How do you know if your body is magnesium deficient? The level of a trace element in the blood can be determined using urine and serum analysis. But the fact is that magnesium is mainly found in muscle and bone tissues, so the results of laboratory tests are often uninformative.Therefore, the doctor often analyzes the patient’s condition. An additional magnesium intake is prescribed for a pregnant woman if:
● she has muscle tone;
● she has arrhythmias and surges in blood pressure;
● she gets tired quickly and suffers from headaches;
● She is constantly irritated and suffers from sleep disturbances.

Which drug to choose
Not always even a thoroughly thought-out diet is a guarantee that the expectant mother will receive a sufficient amount of magnesium.Taking biologically active food supplements can solve the problem, but a doctor’s consultation is necessary.
Experts insist that preparations containing magnesium must be combined with vitamin B6 intake. These substances are closely linked. First, the vitamin promotes the absorption of magnesium. Second, in pregnant and lactating women, magnesium deficiency is similar to vitamin B6 deficiency. And it is also extremely important for the normal course of pregnancy – it regulates the level of blood pressure in the blood, helps to relieve unpleasant symptoms in case of toxicosis, and also takes part in the formation of the baby’s nervous system.
Therefore, it is better to choose the supplement Magnesium + B6. It is much more effective when it comes to pregnancy.
The second factor to consider when choosing a drug is in what form magnesium is present in it. As doctors say, organic salts are better absorbed – pidolate, citrate, lactate, chelate. Inorganic compounds (oxide, carbonate, sulfate, etc.) are considered not so effective in delivering nutrients to organs and systems.
It remains only to determine which form of the drug is better.Capsules or syrups? There is only one effect, but there are still differences. The liquid form of Magnesium + B6 is absorbed faster by the body. This is extremely important when there is a risk of acute magnesium deficiency. The tablets start to “work” later. And it is not always possible to drink them, so as not to be late with the appointment. You do not need to drink syrups.
Mirroll’s company offers just such a preparation – cherry-flavored syrup. The main active ingredient is magnesium lactate. It is one of the most readily available forms of magnesium for the body. Supplement helps protect against stress and carries all the benefits of magnesium and vitamin B6. Suitable not only for pregnant and lactating women, but also for children after 3 years.

Organic magnesium. Magnesium citrate. Magnesium Citrate 200mg

Organic mineral – magnesium with high absorption capacity. Allergen free.

100% pure, organic magnesium for adults and children from 5 years old.

Regular intake of organic magnesium ensures the full functioning of the cardiovascular system.

The production of energy in cells and maintenance of acid-base balance in the body, maintenance of bone and cartilage tissue, as well as stable levels of sugar and cholesterol in the blood depend on the level of magnesium.

Benefits MAGNESIUM CITRATE 200mg Nova Vitae :

• Contains the organic form of magnesium – magnesium citrate.
• Similar to the form of magnesium found in some plant species.
• Organic magnesium is highly absorbent.
• Does not irritate the gastrointestinal tract.
• Recommended for people with allergies, gout, high uric acid content.
• Does not contain: GMOs, artificial E-substances, starch, gluten, lactose, sugar, soy, yeast.
• Conforms to the latest ISO, BRC safety standards.
• Also suitable for vegetarians.

Influence of organic magnesium on the human body:

Magnesium prevents various types of spasms – muscle and vascular spasms, hypertension and heart pain, bronchospasm in bronchial asthma, as well as intestinal and uterine spasms.

Magnesium helps to ensure a stable heart rate, regulate vascular muscle tone. The walls of blood vessels and the heart contain much more magnesium than other body tissues, so magnesium deficiency in them is especially dangerous. Magnesium acts as an “insulating material” for the conduction of nerve impulses.

Magnesium protects the nervous system from the negative effects of stress and psycho-emotional stress.

Magnesium supports the immune system, works against inflammation and allergies.

Magnesium participates in detoxification processes, neutralizing toxins for the liver, protects against the ingress of heavy metals into the body and excludes them from metabolism.

Magnesium activates enzymes necessary for proper metabolism and energy production from food.

Magnesium is necessary for strengthening bones, teeth, hair and nails (calcium and zinc cannot be absorbed without magnesium). Magnesium citrate helps to increase bone mineral density and tooth enamel.

Magnesium citrate helps to suppress the processes of crystallization of oxalates in the urine and prevent the formation of stones in the bladder, and also prevents vascular calcification and the formation of atherosclerotic plaques.

Magnesium citrate helps athletes during training and competition with disorders of water and electrolyte metabolism.

Magnesium citrate MAGNESIUM CITRATE 200 mg Nova Vitae is recommended if you have:

• muscle cramps or cramps during exercise;
• night cramps, insomnia, restless legs syndrome;
• feelings of anxiety, restlessness, irritability;
• arrhythmia;
• high or low blood pressure;
• Bone and muscle weakness, muscle pain;
• Painful or cold hands and wrists;
• muscle spasms and cramps;
• increased physical and mental stress,
• psycho-emotional stress;
• sour urine, gout;
• Stone formation in the kidneys and bladder;
• acidic reaction of saliva, caries, stomatitis, hypersensitivity of the teeth;
• when eating refined food; fastfood cooking – fast food methods;
• coffee, carbonated drinks (cola), chocolate, etc., excessive consumption of refined sugar and salt;
• continuous medication (contraceptives, estrogens, beta-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, cardiac glycosides, anti-tuberculosis drugs, antibiotics, cytostatics, diuretics).

Regular intake of organic magnesium ensures a stable heart rate and vascular muscle tone. Protects the nervous system from the negative effects of stress and psycho-emotional stress.

Magnesium citrate is a natural anti-inflammatory substance that helps to suppress the crystallization of oxalate in the urine and prevent the formation of stones in the bladder.

The walls of the blood vessels of the heart contain much more magnesium than other tissues of the body, so magnesium deficiency is especially dangerous.

Magnesium citrate is especially recommended for regular use by people with heart problems, high mental or physical exertion, muscle cramps or cramps, people using water purified by reverse osmosis.

Dietary supplement. Food supplements are not a substitute for a complete and balanced diet!

Composition

1 tablet

• ** Magnesium citrate 1258 mg
• Of which elemental magnesium 200 mg 53.33% * 90 170
• *% – of the recommended daily dose.
• Other natural substances: binders (vegetarian magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose), tablet coatings, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose.

Magnesium citrate is an organic form of magnesium in which magnesium is attached to natural citrate, as occurs in some plants.

Does not contain: sugar, salt, starch, yeast, wheat, gluten, corn, soy, milk, preservatives and genetically modified substances.

Usage

1 tablet daily, preferably with meals, with a little water, preferably in the evening or before bedtime.

Maximum 3 tablets per day.

If you are using any chemicals, or are pregnant or lactating, consult a physician before using this product.

Calcium citrate – the best drugs, use, benefits and harms

Calcium is a macronutrient found in dairy products and legumes, meat, fish and leafy vegetables. But its abundance in nature is by no means a guarantee of sufficient intake into the body.

This is confirmed by the statistics of osteoporosis: at the age of 30-35 it is detected mainly in women with children, and after 50 years it affects every third person.Young people also experience calcium deficiency symptoms:

• Convulsions and tachycardia of unexplained etiology are recorded even in children during the period of intensive growth. Moreover, in 90% of cases, they indicate precisely the lack of calcium, as a structural element;
• A deficiency of this element also plays a role in the development of allergic reactions, atopic dermatitis;
• Chronic fatigue, lethargy and lethargy indicate a lack of calcium and magnesium;
• Bleeding gums, enamel sensitivity and tooth decay also indicate the need to seek additional sources of the macronutrient.

The reason for such a total lack of calcium is not even in the food we eat, but in its bioavailability. So, from legumes and vegetables, it is absorbed only by 0.01-0.05%, from meat and dairy products – up to 70%. Moreover, its amount in them is not so great – the daily requirement is contained in 1.5 liters of kefir. The situation is aggravated by gastritis, malfunctions of the pancreas: changes in acidity and enzyme composition interfere with calcium absorption.

Calcium tablets: types and their features

Surely you have already understood that it is useless to take crushed shells. But pills are not always able to help. After all, now three forms are produced at once:

• Calcium carbonate. The basis of inexpensive pharmaceutical preparations, which is poorly absorbed in the intestine due to its mineral nature. Moreover, in case of an overdose, it can cause diarrhea and nausea;
• Calcium gluconate. An insoluble organic compound, the absorption of which directly depends on the acidity of the gastric juice.With gastritis, the percentage of its assimilation rarely exceeds 2-3%, and with normal acidity, at best, it reaches 40-50%;
• Calcium citrate. Chelated form, the absorption of which does not depend on any additional factors and is 90-95%. Its advantages include the absence of side effects, allergies, good tolerance by both children and adults.

The only serious drawback of calcium citrate is considered to be the high cost of its production.Therefore, unscrupulous manufacturers like to combine it with cheap carbonate, which is why the effectiveness of the drug drops significantly. Therefore, before you buy calcium citrate at an attractive price, be sure to read its composition.

Indications and contraindications for admission

It is believed that with a balanced diet, a healthy person will not need additional calcium intake. But, if you suffer from seizures at night, sudden attacks of tachycardia or arrhythmias, chronic fatigue and migraine, then you should definitely donate blood biochemistry and determine the percentage of calcium and magnesium in it – perhaps they are the cause of your illness.

In some cases, the intake of calcium citrate is absolutely required:

• Children in the period of intensive growth. Pain in the knees, cramps of the calf muscles, increased irritability of the child are typical symptoms of a macronutrient deficiency;
• Women during pregnancy and lactation. At this time, the lion’s share of calcium is given to the baby for building bone structures, and with a lack of mineral in the diet, it is removed from the bones. They become fragile, and the mother herself can be overcome by night cramps, weakness, chronic fatigue and irritability;
• After 50 years. At this time, the percentage of calcium absorption from food drops sharply, typical signs of osteoporosis appear. And this threatens with everyday fractures of the fingers, tibia, and the worst thing – the neck of the hip. At the same time, the rehabilitation period can take many months and even years;
• Athletes during intensive training. Calcium, along with magnesium, participates in the processes of muscle fiber contraction. In addition, it tends to wash out with sweat and as a result of the consumption of energy drinks – caffeine, gotu kola, guarana.

Lovers of fast food, coffee, sweets and soda should also take calcium citrate in courses. With such a diet, the body does not receive a valuable trace element, and under the influence of caffeine and phosphoric acid, it is able to quickly be excreted from the body. Therefore, supportive therapy will not be superfluous.

Side effects

Calcium carbonate and gluconate can provoke a number of negative effects: nausea, stomach pain, diarrhea, and even the formation of kidney stones.Citrate is a chelated form inherent in our body. Therefore, it does not cause such effects. Moreover, calcium citrate is recommended for certain types of urolithiasis, since it is able to alkalize conglomerates and partially break them down.

Calcium citrate: which drug to buy?

The GoodTabs online store contains at least a dozen preparations based on calcium citrate. To navigate this variety and accurately choose your option, we recommend taking into account several factors:

• Daily intake of calcium citrate. For children, it is 600-800 mg, for adults – 800-1200 mg. Moreover, it is divided into two steps. Therefore, do not strive to take “the biggest pills” – consuming in excess of the norm will not bring a positive effect. Such drugs with a “loading dose” are intended for people suffering from osteoporosis, as well as for women during lactation;
• Composition. Calcium citrate is often combined with magnesium or vitamin D3. The first option is optimal for athletes, office workers and people experiencing increased physical or mental stress.Vitamin D3 accompanies calcium into bone tissue and helps to strengthen it. This is the best option for expectant and lactating mothers, patients with osteoporosis and the elderly;
• Form of issue. The most comfortable is pills. You can take them with you and are always easy to swallow with water. But, if you are experiencing difficulties with digestion, it is better to give preference to the solution – it enters the intestines faster and is absorbed, bypassing the risk of transformations in the stomach.

Brand reputation should also be taken into account.After all, famous companies will not risk mixing a chelated form with an insoluble one.

Review of drugs in the GoodTabs store

On our virtual counter you will find calcium citrate to meet your needs:

• Solaray Calcium Citrate 1000 mg – 120 and 240 capsules. It contains 85% calcium citrate or 850 mg, which is equal to the daily dose for an average person;
• NOW Calcium Citrate. Powder for mixing and adding to smoothies and cocktails.One teaspoon contains 600 mg of calcium citrate or half the daily dose. This option is convenient for both children and adults;
• 21st Century Calcium Citrate Maximum – 75, 120 and 200 400 mg tablets.