Kind of allergies. Understanding Different Types of Allergies: Symptoms, Causes, and Management

11.05.197103.08.2021 by alexxlab

What are the most common types of allergies. How do allergies affect the immune system. What are the primary symptoms of various allergic reactions. How can allergies be effectively managed and treated.

Содержание

The Immune System and Allergic Reactions

Allergies occur when the body’s immune system mistakenly identifies a harmless substance as a threat. These substances, known as allergens, trigger an immune response that can lead to a variety of symptoms. But how exactly does this process work?

The immune system produces antibodies called Immunoglobulin E (IgE) in response to specific allergens. When these antibodies encounter the allergen again, they signal immune cells to release chemicals like histamine, which cause the symptoms we associate with allergic reactions.

Do all allergic reactions involve IgE antibodies? While IgE-mediated allergies are the most common, there are also non-IgE mediated allergies. These reactions involve other parts of the immune system and can have delayed onset symptoms.

Common Types of Respiratory Allergies

Respiratory allergies affect millions of people worldwide and can significantly impact quality of life. Let’s explore some of the most prevalent types:

Seasonal Allergies (Hay Fever)

Seasonal allergic rhinitis, commonly known as hay fever, is triggered by pollen from trees, grasses, and weeds. Symptoms typically include sneezing, runny nose, itchy eyes, and congestion. How do these allergies differ across seasons?

Spring: Tree pollen is the primary culprit
Summer: Grass pollen becomes more prominent
Fall: Ragweed and other weed pollens dominate
Winter: Indoor allergens like dust mites and mold become more noticeable

Can seasonal allergies develop at any age? Yes, while many people develop these allergies in childhood or early adulthood, it’s possible to develop them at any point in life.

Dust Mite Allergies

Dust mites are microscopic creatures that thrive in warm, humid environments. They feed on dead skin cells and are commonly found in bedding, upholstered furniture, and carpets. An allergy to dust mites can cause year-round symptoms, including:

Sneezing
Runny or stuffy nose
Red, itchy, or teary eyes
Itching
Coughing

How can dust mite allergies be managed? Regular cleaning, using allergen-proof bed covers, and maintaining low humidity levels can help reduce exposure to dust mites.

Mold Allergies

Mold spores are present both indoors and outdoors and can trigger allergic reactions in sensitive individuals. Symptoms of mold allergies are similar to those of other respiratory allergies and may worsen in damp or humid conditions.

Are some types of mold more allergenic than others? While any mold can potentially cause an allergic reaction, certain species like Alternaria, Aspergillus, Cladosporium, and Penicillium are known to be particularly allergenic.

Food Allergies: A Growing Concern

Food allergies affect approximately 32 million Americans, including 5.6 million children. These allergies can range from mild to severe and, in some cases, can be life-threatening. What are the most common food allergens?

Milk
Eggs
Peanuts
Tree nuts
Soy
Wheat
Fish
Shellfish

How quickly do food allergy symptoms appear? Symptoms can occur within minutes of exposure or up to several hours later. In rare cases, reactions may be delayed by 24 to 48 hours.

Distinguishing Food Allergies from Intolerances

It’s important to differentiate between food allergies and food intolerances, as they involve different mechanisms and require different management approaches.

Food Allergy	Food Intolerance
Involves the immune system	Does not involve the immune system
Can be life-threatening	Generally not life-threatening
Small amounts can trigger reactions	Symptoms often dose-dependent
Symptoms often occur quickly	Symptoms may be delayed

Can food intolerances develop into allergies? While it’s rare, it is possible for someone with a food intolerance to develop an allergy to the same food over time. However, these are generally separate conditions.

Pet Allergies: More Than Just Fur

Pet allergies are common, affecting up to 30% of people with allergies. Contrary to popular belief, it’s not the animal’s fur that causes the allergic reaction, but rather proteins found in their saliva, urine, and dander (dead skin cells).

Why are cat allergies more common than dog allergies? Cat allergies are about twice as common as dog allergies. This is partly because cats produce a protein called Fel d 1, which is particularly allergenic and easily spread through the air.

Hypoallergenic Pets: Myth or Reality?

Many people believe that certain breeds of dogs or cats are “hypoallergenic,” but is this really true? While some breeds may produce fewer allergens, no breed is truly hypoallergenic. All dogs and cats produce allergenic proteins to some degree.

How can pet owners with allergies manage their symptoms? Some strategies include:

Keeping pets out of bedrooms
Using high-efficiency air filters
Bathing pets regularly
Cleaning the home frequently
Considering immunotherapy (allergy shots)

Insect Allergies: More Than Just a Sting

Insect allergies can be divided into two main categories: stinging insect allergies and non-stinging insect allergies. Both types can cause significant reactions in sensitive individuals.

Stinging Insect Allergies

Allergies to stinging insects can be particularly dangerous, as they have the potential to cause anaphylaxis, a severe and potentially life-threatening allergic reaction. Which insects are most likely to cause allergic reactions?

Bees
Wasps
Hornets
Yellow jackets
Fire ants

How can someone distinguish between a normal reaction to a sting and an allergic reaction? A normal reaction typically involves pain, redness, and swelling localized to the sting site. An allergic reaction may include symptoms such as hives, difficulty breathing, dizziness, or swelling of the throat and tongue.

Non-Stinging Insect Allergies

Allergies to non-stinging insects, particularly cockroaches and dust mites, are among the most common triggers for year-round allergies and asthma. These allergies are typically caused by inhaling particles of insect waste or decomposing bodies.

How do cockroach allergies differ from dust mite allergies in terms of management? While both require thorough cleaning and pest control measures, cockroach allergies may also necessitate professional extermination services and sealing of entry points in the home.

Drug Allergies: When Medicine Becomes the Problem

Drug allergies occur when the immune system reacts to a medication as if it were a harmful substance. While true drug allergies are relatively rare, they can be serious and even life-threatening.

Which medications are most likely to cause allergic reactions? Some of the most common culprits include:

Penicillin and related antibiotics
Sulfa drugs
Aspirin and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
Chemotherapy drugs
Anticonvulsants

How are drug allergies diagnosed? Diagnosis typically involves a detailed medical history and sometimes skin tests or blood tests. In some cases, a controlled drug challenge may be performed under medical supervision.

Drug Allergies vs. Side Effects

It’s crucial to distinguish between true drug allergies and side effects. Side effects are unwanted reactions that occur due to the pharmacological properties of the drug, while allergies involve the immune system. How do the symptoms differ?

Drug Allergy Symptoms	Common Drug Side Effects
Hives or rash	Nausea
Itching	Diarrhea
Swelling	Headache
Anaphylaxis	Drowsiness

Latex Allergies: A Hidden Danger

Latex allergies have become increasingly common, particularly among healthcare workers and individuals who have undergone multiple surgeries. This allergy is caused by proteins found in natural rubber latex, which is used in a wide variety of products.

What are some unexpected sources of latex exposure? While medical gloves and condoms are well-known sources, latex can also be found in:

Balloons
Rubber bands
Elastic in clothing
Some adhesives
Certain medical devices

Is there a link between latex allergies and food allergies? Yes, some individuals with latex allergies may experience cross-reactions with certain foods, particularly fruits like bananas, avocados, kiwis, and chestnuts. This phenomenon is known as latex-fruit syndrome.

Diagnosis and Management of Allergies

Proper diagnosis and management of allergies are crucial for improving quality of life and preventing potentially severe reactions. How are allergies typically diagnosed?

Allergy Testing Methods

Skin Prick Tests: Small amounts of suspected allergens are placed on the skin, which is then pricked. A wheal (raised bump) indicates a positive reaction.
Blood Tests: These measure the levels of specific IgE antibodies in the blood.
Patch Tests: Used primarily for contact dermatitis, these involve applying patches containing potential allergens to the skin for 48 hours.
Oral Food Challenges: Conducted under medical supervision, these involve consuming small amounts of a suspected food allergen to observe for reactions.

What factors does an allergist consider when choosing a testing method? The choice depends on the patient’s age, symptoms, medical history, and the specific allergies being investigated. Some tests may be more suitable or accurate for certain types of allergies.

Treatment and Management Strategies

Allergy management typically involves a combination of avoidance strategies and medical treatments. What are some common approaches?

Allergen Avoidance: Identifying and avoiding triggers is the first line of defense.
Medications:
- Antihistamines: Reduce allergy symptoms by blocking histamine
- Decongestants: Provide relief from nasal congestion
- Corticosteroids: Reduce inflammation (available as nasal sprays, inhalers, or oral medications)
- Epinephrine: Used for severe allergic reactions (anaphylaxis)
Immunotherapy: Gradually exposes the body to increasing amounts of an allergen to build tolerance. Available as shots or sublingual tablets.
Biologics: Newer treatments that target specific pathways in allergic diseases, particularly useful for severe asthma and certain skin conditions.

How effective is immunotherapy in treating allergies? Immunotherapy can significantly reduce symptoms for many people with allergies, particularly those with respiratory allergies like hay fever. In some cases, it may even lead to long-term remission of allergies.

The Future of Allergy Treatment and Research

As our understanding of allergies grows, new treatment options and preventive strategies are emerging. What are some promising areas of research in allergy science?

Emerging Treatments

Oral Immunotherapy: Particularly for food allergies, this involves consuming gradually increasing amounts of the allergen under medical supervision.
Anti-IgE Therapy: Medications that reduce IgE levels in the blood, potentially preventing allergic reactions.
Microbiome Modulation: Research into how the gut microbiome influences allergies may lead to new preventive strategies.
Gene Therapy: Still in early stages, but shows potential for modifying the immune response to allergens.

How might climate change impact allergies in the future? Climate change is expected to affect allergies in several ways:

Longer pollen seasons due to warmer temperatures
Increased pollen production in some plants
Changes in the geographic distribution of allergenic plants
Potential increases in mold growth due to extreme weather events

As we continue to unravel the complexities of the immune system and allergic responses, new insights and treatments will undoubtedly emerge. The field of allergy research remains dynamic, offering hope for improved management and potentially even prevention of allergies in the future.

Types of Allergies | AAFA.org

Types of Allergies

An allergy occurs when your body’s immune system sees a certain substance as harmful. It reacts by causing an allergic reaction. Substances that cause allergic reactions are allergens.

There are many types of allergies. Some allergies are seasonal and others are year-round. Some allergies may be life-long.

It is important to work with your health care provider to create a plan to manage your allergy. Avoiding your allergens is the best way to prevent an allergic reaction.

Drug Allergy

True allergies to drugs (medicines) occur in only a small number of people. Most drug reactions are not allergic, but are side effects of the properties of the medicine. A diagnosis of the cause of the drug reaction is usually based only upon the patient’s history and symptoms. Sometimes skin testing for drug allergy is also done.

Food Allergy

There are different types of allergic reactions to foods. There are differences between IgE-mediated allergies, non-IgE mediated allergies and food intolerances.

Insect Allergy

Bees, wasps, hornets, yellow jackets and fire ants are the most common stinging insects that cause an allergic reaction.

Non-stinging insects can also cause allergic reactions. The most common are cockroaches and the insect-like dust mite. Allergies to these two insects may be the most common cause of year-round allergy and asthma.

Latex Allergy

A latex allergy is an allergic reaction to natural rubber latex. Natural rubber latex gloves, balloons, condoms and other natural rubber products contain latex. An allergy to latex can be a serious health risk.

Mold Allergy

Mold and mildew are fungi. Since fungi grow in so many places, both indoors and outdoors, allergic reactions can occur year round.

Pet Allergy

Allergies to pets with fur are common. It is important to know that an allergy-free (hypoallergenic) breed of dog or cat does not exist.

Pollen Allergy

Pollen is one of the most common triggers of seasonal allergies. Many people know pollen allergy as “hay fever,” but experts usually refer to it as “seasonal allergic rhinitis.”

Medical Review October 2015

What are the Symptoms and Types?

Learn the types of allergies including food allergies, seasonal allergies, pet allergies, and many more.

Respiratory Allergies
1. Spring Allergies
  There’s no cure but you can take steps to curb springtime allergies, from medication to household habits.
2. Summer Allergies
  Summer allergies are usually triggered by pollen from grasses and weeds.
3. Fall Allergies
  Ragweed, mold and dust mites are the biggest allergy triggers in the fall.
4. Winter Allergies
  If you have indoor allergies such as mold and dust mites, you may notice symptoms more during winter, when you spend more time inside.
5. Hay Fever
  Hay fever, also known as allergic rhinitis, is an immune disorder characterized by an allergic response to pollen grains and other substances. There are two types: seasonal, which occurs only during the time of year in which certain plants pollinate, and perennial, which occurs year-round.
6. Pollen Allergies
  More than 25 million Americans are allergic to pollen from trees, grass, or weeds.
7. Mold Allergy
  All of us are exposed to some mold every day, and usually, there are no problems. But if you have allergies to it, you can have a reaction if you’re around too much of it
8. Dust Allergy
  For creatures you can’t even see, dust mites can stir up a lot of trouble.
9. Dog Allergy
  For a person with dog allergies, life in a dog-loving country isn’t easy. Approximately 37%-47% of American households have a dog.
10. Cat Allergy
  About 10% of the U.S. population has pet allergies and cats are among the most common culprits. Cat allergies are twice as common as dog allergies.

Food Allergies
1. Is It an Allergy or an Intolerance?
  Food allergies or food intolerances affect nearly everyone at some point. People often have an unpleasant reaction to something they ate and wonder if they have a food allergy.
2. Milk Allergy
  If you suffer from a milk allergy, strictly avoiding milk and food containing milk and milk products is the only way to prevent a reaction, which can include immediate wheezing, vomiting, and hives.
3. Casein Allergy
  If a glass of milk or slice of pizza causes swollen lips, hives, or other symptoms, you may have an allergy to casein, a protein in milk. Another milk protein associated with allergies is whey. Some people are allergic to both casein and whey.
4. Egg Allergy
  Egg allergies are more common in children than in adults. Reactions range from mild to severe.
5. Wheat Allergy
  It can be a challenge to avoid wheat because it’s in so many things.
6. Nut Allergy
  If you suffer from a nut allergy, strictly avoiding nuts, including peanuts and tree nuts like cashews and walnuts, and food containing nuts is the only way to prevent a reaction.
7. Fish Allergy
  If you’re allergic to one kind of fish, your doctor may have told you to avoid others. Here’s what to look out for.
8. Shellfish Allergy
  If you’re allergic to one type of shellfish, you may have problems with others. Take these steps to make sure you don’t have an allergic reaction.
9. Sulfite Sensitivity
  Sulfites are a group of sulfur-based compounds that may occur naturally or may be added to food as an enhancer and preservative. The FDA estimates that one out of 100 people is sensitive to the compounds.
10. Soy Allergy
  If all you needed to do for a soy allergy was skip the soy sauce and tofu, life would be a breeze! But soybeans are a big part of processed foods, too.

Skin Allergies
1. Contact Dermatitis
  Something touches your skin, and your immune system thinks it’s under attack. It overreacts and sends antibodies to help fight the invader, called an allergen. The result is a red, itchy rash where the substance landed.
2. Hives (Urticaria) and Angioedema
  Hives, also known as urticaria, are an outbreak of swollen, pale red bumps, patches, or welts on the skin that appear suddenly — as a result of allergies, or for other reasons. In angioedema, the swelling happens under the skin, not on the surface.
3. Allergies to Poison Ivy, Oak, and Sumac
  Poison ivy, poison oak, and poison sumac are plants that contain an irritating, oily sap called urushiol. Urushiol triggers an allergic reaction when it comes into contact with skin, resulting in an itchy rash, which can appear within hours of exposure or up to several days later.
4. Allergies to Insect Stings
  Bee, wasp, yellow jacket, hornet, or fire ant stings are the insect stings that most often trigger allergies. Most people are not allergic to insect stings and may mistake a normal sting reaction for an allergic reaction.
5. Can You Be Allergic to the Sun?
  Most people’s skin will burn if there is enough exposure to ultraviolet radiation. However, some people burn particularly easily or develop exaggerated skin reactions to sunlight.
6. Cosmetic Allergies
  Some beauty products can cause skin irritation or allergic reactions. Certain ingredients used in cosmetics, such as fragrances and preservatives, can act as allergens, substances that trigger an allergic reaction.
7. Nickel Allergy
  A nickel allergy is a skin reaction that develops after exposure to nickel or items containing the metal.

Other Allergies
1. Eye Allergies
  Millions of Americans have allergies. Most of those millions have symptoms involving their eyes.
2. Allergic Conjunctivitis (Pink Eye)
  Conjunctivitis is one of the most common and treatable eye conditions in children and adults.
3. Drug Allergies
  Many medications can cause side effects, and certain ones can trigger allergies.
4. Aspirin (Salicylate) Allergy
  If you’re allergic to chemicals called salicylates, you may need to avoid certain foods, medicines, and other products.
5. Penicillin Allergy
  Since the 1940s, penicillin has been a go-to drug to clear up infections caused by bacteria. But some people get a bad reaction from taking it.

Types, Symptoms, Causes & Treatments

Overview

What are allergies?

Allergies are your body’s reaction to a substance it views as a harmful “invader.” For example, coming into contact with what is normally a harmless substance, such as pollen, might cause your immune system (your body’s defense system) to react. Substances that cause these reactions are called allergens.

What is an allergic reaction?

An “allergic reaction” is the way your body responds to the allergen. A chain of events occur that result in an allergic reaction.

If you are prone to allergies, the first time you’re exposed to a specific allergen (such as pollen), your body responds by producing allergic (IgE) antibodies. The job of these antibodies is to find the allergens and help remove them from your system. As a result, a chemical called histamine is released and causes symptoms of allergies.

What are the types of allergies and how are they treated?

You can be allergic to a wide variety of substances – including pollen, animal dander, mold and dust mites.

Pollen

Seasonal allergic rhinitis, or hay fever, is an allergic response to pollen. It causes inflammation and swelling of the lining of your nose and of the protective tissue of your eyes (conjunctiva).

Symptoms include sneezing, congestion (feeling stuffy), and itchy, watery eyes, nose and mouth. Treatment options include over-the-counter and prescription oral antihistamines, anti-leukotrienes, nasal steroids, nasal antihistamines, and nasal cromolyn. In some people, allergic asthma symptoms (wheezing, shortness of breath, coughing, and/ or chest tightness) can be caused by exposure to pollen.

Your symptoms can be reduced by avoiding pollen. Stay indoors when pollen counts are high, close your windows, and use air conditioning. Ask your healthcare provider about immunotherapy (“allergy shots”) to treat pollen allergy.

Dust mites

Dust mites are tiny organisms that live in dust and in the fibers of household objects, such as pillows, mattresses, carpet, and upholstery. Dust mites grow in warm, humid areas.

The symptoms of dust mite allergy are similar to those of pollen allergy. To help manage dust mite allergies, try using dust mite encasements (airtight plastic/polyurethane covers) over pillows, mattresses, and box springs. Also, remove carpet, or vacuum frequently with a high-efficiency filter vacuum cleaner. Treatment may include medications to control your nasal/eye and chest symptoms. Immunotherapy may be recommended if your symptoms are not adequately controlled with avoidance methods and medications.

Molds

Molds are tiny fungi (like Penicillium) with spores that float in the air like pollen. Mold is a common trigger for allergies. Mold can be found indoors in damp areas, such as the basement, kitchen, or bathroom, as well as outdoors in grass, leaf piles, hay, mulch or under mushrooms. Mold spores reach a peak during hot, humid weather.

Treatment may include medications to control your nasal/eye and chest symptoms. Immunotherapy may be recommended if your symptoms are not adequately controlled with avoidance and medications.

Animal dander

Allergic reactions can be caused by the proteins secreted by sweat glands in an animal’s skin, which are shed in dander, and by the proteins in an animal’s saliva. Avoidance measures don’t work as well as simply removing the pet from your home. However, because many people are reluctant to do this, second-best measures include keeping your pet out of your bedroom, using air cleaners with HEPA filtration and washing your pet (cat or dog) frequently.

Treatment may include medications to control your nasal/eye and chest symptoms. Immunotherapy may be recommended if your symptoms are not adequately controlled with avoidance methods and medications.

Latex

Some people develop a latex allergy after repeated contact with latex. Rubber gloves, such as those used in surgery or home cleaning, are a major source for causing this type of reaction. Skin rash, hives, eye tearing and irritation, wheezing and itching of the skin may occur if you have a latex allergy.

Allergic reactions to latex can be mild, such as skin redness and itching. More severe reactions can occur if your mucosal membranes are exposed, such as during an operation or a dental or gynecologic exam.

Treatment of latex reactions begins by removing the offending latex product. If you have latex allergy, it is important for you to wear a Medic Alert® bracelet and carry an emergency epinephrine kit. All procedures should be carried out in a “latex-safe” fashion. There is no cure for latex allergy, so the best treatment for this condition is prevention and avoidance.

Certain foods

Food allergies develop when your body develops a specific antibody to a specific food. An allergic reaction occurs within minutes of eating the food, and symptoms can be severe. In adults, the most common food allergies are shellfish, peanuts and tree nuts. In children, they include milk, egg, soy, wheat, shellfish, peanuts and tree nuts.

If you have a food allergy, your symptoms include itching, hives, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, breathing difficulties and swelling around your mouth.

It is extremely important to avoid the foods that cause allergy symptoms. If you (or your child) have a food allergy, your doctor may prescribe injectable epinephrine (adrenaline) for you to carry at all times. This is needed in case you accidentally eat foods that cause allergies. There are new therapies for peanut allergies called oral immunotherapy.

Insect venom (stings)

If you get a bee sting, a normal reaction includes pain, swelling and redness around the sting site. A large, local reaction includes swelling that extends beyond the sting site. For example, if you are stung on the ankle, you may see swelling in your leg.

The most serious reaction to an insect sting is an allergic one, which needs immediate medical attention. Symptoms of an allergic reaction to an insect sting include:

Difficulty breathing.
Generalized (widespread) hives that appear as a red, itchy rash that spreads to areas other than the area that was stung.
Swelling of your face, throat or mouth tissue.
Wheezing or difficulty swallowing.
Restlessness and anxiety.
Rapid pulse.
Dizziness or a sharp drop in your blood pressure.

If you have a reaction like this, a re-sting can cause a serious reaction that can be life-threatening.

An allergic reaction is treated with epinephrine (adrenaline). If you’ve had an allergic reaction to bee stings, see a board-certified allergy/immunologist to get a skin and/or blood test to confirm your allergy to bee venom. Venom immunotherapy is recommended if venom allergy is confirmed. This will help reduce the possibility that a re-sting will cause a serious reaction.

What is allergic rhinitis?

Nasal allergy symptoms and hay fever are referred to as “allergic rhinitis.” Seasonal allergic rhinitis is nasal allergies that change with the seasons because of pollen from plants (trees, grasses, or weeds). Seasonal symptoms arise during the pollinating seasons for particular plants. Because you can be allergic to more than one thing, your symptoms may get worse at different times throughout the year, or may be constant.

Does everyone get allergies?

No. Most allergies are inherited, which means they are passed on to children by their parents. People inherit a tendency to be allergic, although not to any specific allergen. If your child develops an allergy, it is very likely that you or your partner has allergies.

How common are allergies?

More than 50 million Americans (1 in 6) experience all types of allergies, including indoor/outdoor allergies, food and drug, latex, insect, skin and eye allergies. The number of people who have allergies continues to increase across all ages, sex and racial groups.

Types, Symptoms, Causes & Treatments

Overview

What are allergies?

What is an allergic reaction?

An “allergic reaction” is the way your body responds to the allergen. A chain of events occur that result in an allergic reaction.

What are the types of allergies and how are they treated?

You can be allergic to a wide variety of substances – including pollen, animal dander, mold and dust mites.

Pollen

Seasonal allergic rhinitis, or hay fever, is an allergic response to pollen. It causes inflammation and swelling of the lining of your nose and of the protective tissue of your eyes (conjunctiva).

Dust mites

Dust mites are tiny organisms that live in dust and in the fibers of household objects, such as pillows, mattresses, carpet, and upholstery. Dust mites grow in warm, humid areas.

Molds

Treatment may include medications to control your nasal/eye and chest symptoms. Immunotherapy may be recommended if your symptoms are not adequately controlled with avoidance and medications.

Animal dander

Treatment may include medications to control your nasal/eye and chest symptoms. Immunotherapy may be recommended if your symptoms are not adequately controlled with avoidance methods and medications.

Latex

Certain foods

If you have a food allergy, your symptoms include itching, hives, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, breathing difficulties and swelling around your mouth.

Insect venom (stings)

The most serious reaction to an insect sting is an allergic one, which needs immediate medical attention. Symptoms of an allergic reaction to an insect sting include:

Difficulty breathing.
Generalized (widespread) hives that appear as a red, itchy rash that spreads to areas other than the area that was stung.
Swelling of your face, throat or mouth tissue.
Wheezing or difficulty swallowing.
Restlessness and anxiety.
Rapid pulse.
Dizziness or a sharp drop in your blood pressure.

If you have a reaction like this, a re-sting can cause a serious reaction that can be life-threatening.

What is allergic rhinitis?

Does everyone get allergies?

How common are allergies?

Allergies – NHS

An allergy is a reaction the body has to a particular food or substance.

Allergies are very common. They’re thought to affect more than 1 in 4 people in the UK at some point in their lives.

They’re particularly common in children. Some allergies go away as a child gets older, although many are lifelong.

Adults can develop allergies to things they were not previously allergic to.

Having an allergy can be a nuisance and affect your everyday activities, but most allergic reactions are mild and can be largely kept under control.

Severe reactions can occasionally occur, but these are uncommon.

Common allergies

Substances that cause allergic reactions are called allergens.

The more common allergens include:

grass and tree pollen – an allergy to these is known as hay fever (allergic rhinitis)
dust mites
animal dander, tiny flakes of skin or hair
food – particularly nuts, fruit, shellfish, eggs and cows’ milk
insect bites and stings
medicines – including ibuprofen, aspirin and certain antibiotics
latex – used to make some gloves and condoms
mould – these can release small particles into the air that you can breathe in
household chemicals – including those in detergents and hair dyes

Most of these allergens are generally harmless to people who are not allergic to them.

Symptoms of an allergic reaction

Allergic reactions usually happen quickly within a few minutes of exposure to an allergen.

They can cause:

sneezing
a runny or blocked nose
red, itchy, watery eyes
wheezing and coughing
a red, itchy rash
worsening of asthma or eczema symptoms

Most allergic reactions are mild, but occasionally a severe reaction called anaphylaxis or anaphylactic shock can occur.

This is a medical emergency and needs urgent treatment.

Getting help for allergies

See a GP if you think you or your child might have had an allergic reaction to something.

The symptoms of an allergic reaction can also be caused by other conditions.

A GP can help determine whether it’s likely you have an allergy.

If they think you might have a mild allergy, they can offer advice and treatment to help manage the condition.

If your allergy is particularly severe or it’s not clear what you’re allergic to, they may refer you to an allergy specialist for testing and advice about treatment.

Find out more about allergy testing

How to manage an allergy

In many cases, the most effective way of managing an allergy is to avoid the allergen that causes the reaction whenever possible.

For example, if you have a food allergy, you should check a food’s ingredients list for allergens before eating it.

There are also several medicines available to help control symptoms of allergic reactions, including:

antihistamines – these can be taken when you notice the symptoms of a reaction, or before being exposed to an allergen, to stop a reaction occurring
decongestants – tablets, capsules, nasal sprays or liquids that can be used as a short-term treatment for a blocked nose
lotions and creams, such as moisturising creams (emollients) – these can reduce skin redness and itchiness
steroid medicines – sprays, drops, creams, inhalers and tablets that can help reduce redness and swelling caused by an allergic reaction

For some people with very severe allergies, a treatment called immunotherapy may be recommended.

This involves being exposed to the allergen in a controlled way over a number of years so your body gets used to it and does not react to it so severely.

What causes allergies?

Allergies occur when the body’s immune system reacts to a particular substance as though it’s harmful.

It’s not clear why this happens, but most people affected have a family history of allergies or have closely related conditions, such as asthma or eczema.

The number of people with allergies is increasing every year.

The reasons for this are not understood, but 1 of the main theories is it’s the result of living in a cleaner, germ-free environment, which reduces the number of germs our immune system has to deal with.

It’s thought this may cause it to overreact when it comes into contact with harmless substances.

Is it an allergy, sensitivity or intolerance?

Allergy

A reaction produced by the body’s immune system when exposed to a normally harmless substance.

Sensitivity

The exaggeration of the normal effects of a substance. For example, the caffeine in a cup of coffee may cause extreme symptoms, such as palpitations and trembling.

Intolerance

Where a substance causes unpleasant symptoms, such as diarrhoea, but does not involve the immune system.

People with an intolerance to certain foods can typically eat a small amount without having any problems.

Page last reviewed: 22 November 2018
Next review due: 22 November 2021

What is allergy? – Australasian Society of Clinical Immunology and Allergy (ASCIA)

ASCIA PCC What is Allergy 2019100.2 KB

Allergies are increasing in Australia and New Zealand and affect around one in five people. There are many causes of allergy, and symptoms vary from mild to potentially life threatening. Allergy is one of the major factors associated with the cause and persistence of asthma.

The definition of allergy

Allergy occurs when a person reacts to substances in the environment that are harmless to most people. These substances are known as allergens and are found in dust mites, pets, pollen, insects, ticks, moulds, foods and some medications.

Atopy is the genetic tendency to develop allergic diseases. When atopic people are exposed to allergens they can develop an immune reaction that leads to allergic inflammation. This can cause symptoms in the:

Nose and/or eyes, resulting in allergic rhinitis (hay fever) and/or conjunctivitis.

Skin resulting in eczema, or hives (urticaria).

Lungs resulting in asthma.

What happens when you have an allergic reaction?

When a person who is allergic to a particular allergen comes into contact with it, an allergic reaction occurs:

When the allergen (such as pollen) enters the body, it triggers an antibody response.

The antibodies attach themselves to mast cells.

When the pollen comes into contact with the antibodies, the mast cells respond by releasing histamine.

When the release of histamine is due to an allergen, the resulting inflammation (redness and sweliing) is irritating and uncomfortable.

Similar reactions can occur to some chemicals and food additives. However if they do not involve the immune system, they are known as adverse reactions, not allergy.

Which areas of the body may be affected?

People experience different symptoms, depending on the allergen and where it enters the body. Allergic reactions can involve many parts of the body at the same time.

Nose, eyes, sinuses and throat

When allergens are breathed in, the release of histamine causes the lining of the nose to produce more mucus and become swollen and inflamed. It causes the nose to run and itch, and violent sneezing may occur. Eyes may start to water and people may get a sore throat.

Lungs and chest

Asthma can be triggered during an allergic reaction. When an allergen is breathed in, the lining of the passages in the lungs swells and makes breathing difficult.

Stomach and bowel

Foods that commonly cause allergy include peanuts, seafood, dairy products and eggs. Cow’s milk allergy in infants may occur and can cause eczema, asthma, colic and stomach upset. Some people cannot digest lactose (milk sugar). Lactose intolerance causes stomach upsets, but should not be confused with allergy.

Skin

Skin problems that can be triggered by allergy include atopic dermatitis (eczema) and urticaria (hives).

Life threatening allergic reactions require immediate treatment

Most allergic reactions are mild to moderate, and do not cause major problems. However, a small number of people may experience a severe allergic reaction called anaphylaxis, which requires immediate life saving medication. Allergens which may cause anaphylaxis include foods, insects and medications. People with a severe allergy should have an ASCIA Action Plan for Anaphylaxis.

Effective prevention and treatment options are available

Allergen avoidance or minimisation relies on identifying the cause of the allergy and taking steps to reduce exposure to the allergen. For example, reducing dust mite in the home may help reduce symptoms in people who are allergic to mites.

Medications used to treat allergies include:

Antihistamines block histamine release from mast cells, reducing symptoms. Non-sedating antihistamine tablets are available from pharmacies without a prescription. Antihistamine nasal and eye sprays can also be used.

Intranasal cortiocosteroid nasal sprays (INCS) are effective for treatment of moderate to severe allergic rhinitis when used correctly. A prescription may be required for stronger dose INCS. Ask your pharmacist or doctor for advice.

Combination therapies (INCS and antihistamine) are used for treatment of moderate to severe allergic rhinitis and offer the advantages of both medications.

Medicated eye drops can be helpful in some cases, ask your doctor or pharmacist for advice.

Adrenaline (epinephrine) – is used for first aid emergency treatment of life threatening severe allergic reactions (anaphylaxis). Adrenaline is usually given using an adrenaline autoinjector that can be given without medical training.

Non-medicated treatments such as saline sprays are used for treating allergic rhinitis and sinusitis.

Allergen immunotherapy (also known as desensitisation) is a long-term treatment which changes the immune system’s response to allergens. It involves the administration of regular, gradually increasing amounts of allergen extracts, by injections or by sublingual tablets, sprays or drops.

If you have an allergy see your local pharmacist or doctor. In some cases you will be referred to a clinical immunology/allergy specialist for further investigations and advice.

© ASCIA 2019

ASCIA is the peak professional body of clinical immunology/allergy specialists in Australia and New Zealand.

ASCIA resources are based on published literature and expert review, however, they are not intended to replace medical advice. The content of ASCIA resources is not influenced by any commercial organisations.

For more information go to www.allergy.org.au

To donate to immunology/allergy research go to www.allergyimmunology.org.au/donate

Updated May 2019

Symptoms and Treatment – American Kennel Club

Have you heard someone tell you that their dog has allergies? Has your veterinarian suggested that allergies could be a problem for your dog? Do you suspect that your dog has allergies? If so, then you’ve probably realized that allergies in dogs are not quite as simple as we might wish. For starters, there are several different types of allergies that could be causing your dog’s symptoms.

Types of Allergies in Dogs

Allergies are a misguided reaction to foreign substances by the body’s immune system, which, of course, people and pets can suffer from. There are quite a few different types of allergies in dogs. Skin allergies, food allergies, and environmental allergens all pose challenges for dogs and their owners, and to make things more complicated, the symptoms of all these different types of allergies can overlap.

Skin Allergies

Skin allergies, called allergic dermatitis, are the most common type of allergic reactions in dogs. There are three main causes of skin allergies in dogs:

Flea allergy dermatitis
Food allergies
Environmental allergens

Flea allergy dermatitis is an allergic reaction to fleabites. Some dogs are allergic to flea saliva. This makes affected dogs extremely itchy, especially at the base of the tail, and their skin may become red, inflamed, and scabbed. You may also notice signs of fleas, such as flea dirt, or even see the fleas themselves.

Food allergies and sensitivities can cause itchy skin, as well. The most common places dogs with food allergies itch are their ears and their paws, and this may be accompanied by gastrointestinal symptoms.

Environmental allergens, such as dust, pollen, and mold, can cause an atopic allergic reactions or atopic dermatitis. In most cases, these allergies are seasonal, so you may only notice your dog itching during certain times of the year. As with food allergies, the most commonly affected areas are the paws and ears (but also include the wrists, ankles, muzzle, underarms, groin, around the eyes, and in between the toes).

All skin allergies pose the risk of secondary infection. As your dog scratches, bites, and licks at his skin, he risks opening up his skin to yeast and bacterial infections that may require treatment.

Food Allergies

True food allergies may not be as common as people think, according to AKC Chief Veterinary Officer Dr. Jerry Klein. True food allergies result in an immune response, which can range in symptoms from skin conditions (hives, facial swelling, itchiness), gastrointestinal signs (vomiting and/or diarrhea) or a combination of both. In some rare cases, a severe reaction resulting in anaphylaxis can occur—similar to severe peanut allergies in humans

But what about all of those dogs that are on special hypoallergenic dog food diets?

What most people mean when they say that their dog has a food allergy is that their dog has a food sensitivity, also known as a food intolerance. Food sensitivities, unlike true allergies, do not involve an immune response and are instead a gradual reaction to an offending ingredient in your dog’s food, for example to beef, chicken, eggs, corn, wheat, soy, or milk.

Dogs with food sensitivities can present with several symptoms, including gastrointestinal signs such as vomiting and diarrhea, or dermatologic signs like itchiness, poor skin and coat, and chronic ear or foot infections.

The best way to diagnose and treat a food allergy is to work with your veterinarian to manage your dog’s symptoms and discover the ingredient causing the reaction.

Acute Allergic Reactions

Perhaps the most alarming of all the types of allergies in dogs is an acute allergic reaction. Dogs, like people, can go into anaphylactic shock if they have a severe reaction to an allergen. This can be fatal if not treated.

Bee stings and vaccine reactions, among other things, can cause an anaphylactic response in some dogs, which is why it is always a good idea to keep a close eye on your dog following the administration of any new vaccine, drug, or food item. Luckily, anaphylactic reactions are rare in dogs.

Your dog may also develop hives or facial swelling in response to an allergen. Swelling of the face, throat, lips, eyelids, or earflaps may look serious, but is rarely fatal, and your veterinarian can treat it with an antihistamine.

Symptoms of Allergies in Dogs

The symptoms of allergies in dogs may vary depending on the cause. A dog that goes into anaphylactic shock, for instance, will have a drop in blood pressure followed by shock, which is very different from a skin condition.

In general, however, the following symptoms could be a sign of an allergic reaction.

Itchiness
Hives
Swelling of the face, ears, lips, eyelids, or earflaps
Red, inflamed skin
Diarrhea
Vomiting
Sneezing
Itchy ears
Chronic ear infections
Itchy, runny eyes
Constant licking

Some of these symptoms could also be a sign of another condition. Make an appointment with your veterinarian to get an accurate diagnosis and to help your dog start feeling better.

Diagnosing Allergies in Dogs

If you have ever undergone allergy testing, then you know that diagnosing allergies is often complicated.

The first thing your veterinarian may choose to do is rule out any other condition that could be causing your dog’s symptoms. If your veterinarian feels that an allergy is a likely cause, he or she may propose allergy testing to try and determine the cause of the allergen that is causing the reaction. However, keep in mind it may not always be possible to determine the cause of an allergy with testing.

Food allergies are often diagnosed using an elimination diet. A food trial consists of feeding a dog a novel (i.e. one) source of protein and carbohydrate for 12 weeks.

Flea allergy dermatitis is typically the easiest allergy to diagnose. It is usually diagnosed by identifying fleas on your dog’s body and applying a product that kills fleas before they can bite to see if that solves the issues.

Treating Allergies in Dogs

The best way to treat an allergy is avoidance of the cause and allergen. This may or may not always be possible. But, in terms of treatment, it depends on your dog’s type of allergy. For example, the best way to treat flea allergy dermatitis is to kill the fleas, whereas the best way to treat a food allergy or food intolerance is a change in diet.

In addition to any lifestyle changes that might be necessary, your veterinarian may also prescribe an allergy relief medication for your dog that will help control the signs associated with the allergic reaction, such as itching and any secondary skin infections that might have developed as a result of the irritant.

If your dog has a severe allergic reaction, your best course of action is to get him to an emergency veterinary hospital as quickly as possible.

90,000 Allergies

Food allergy

Hypersensitivity to food agents is often the cause of allergic manifestations. The clinical manifestations of food allergies are varied: runny nose, itchy eyes, various skin manifestations, attacks of shortness of breath, abdominal pain, bloating.

Food products are divided into two groups: animal and vegetable origin. In these groups, various antigenic fractions are capable of causing the formation of allergies.It is necessary to clearly and timely establish which food agent caused the pathological clinical manifestations.

In products of plant origin belonging to the same biological family, there are similar structures (allergens). When ingested, they all cause symptoms of the disease, provoke its chronic course.

For example, if you are allergic to weed pollen (Asteraceae family), sunflower oil, halva, seeds, mayonnaise, mustard, vermouth, Schweppes, tonic, balsams, instant coffee, watermelon, melon, celery, dill, pepper, anise are excluded from the diet , raw carrots, beets, garlic, citrus fruits, bananas.These patients should not use herbal medicines, creams with chamomile, cornflower, dahlias, dandelions, sunflower oil.

When analyzing clinical manifestations developing for antigens of animal origin, it is also important to know about possible interactions with vaccines, products and creams of other groups.

The Wallergology Department of St. Petersburg State Medical University will help you to understand these issues. acad. I.P. Pavlova (Lev Tolstoy St., 6/8, hospital therapy clinic, building No. 10, tel.234-24-75). You will be received by highly qualified doctors, candidates of medical sciences, they will conduct the necessary examinations, give recommendations on diets, the use of cosmetics, and vaccinations.

Dust allergy

House dust allergy is a common cause of symptoms of perennial rhinitis, conjunctivitis, bronchial asthma and atopic dermatitis. House dust is a complex concept that includes everything that can be found in our homes (animal dander, leather components, mold fungi, pillow fluff), but house dust mites are more likely to cause allergies.

The family of house dust mites has more than 36 species. Usually one representative coexists in one living room, but there are some cases when several species were found in one house.

House dust mites are microscopic creatures, reaching 350 microns in size, their lifespan is up to 3.5 months, the female is capable of laying up to 300 eggs. Ticks and their metabolic products, components of the chitinous cover can allergize a person, and as a result, symptoms of the disease appear.Ticks live throughout the apartment, but their main habitat is bed, where ideal conditions for their reproduction are created: high humidity and temperature.

There is a relationship between the number of ticks in a room and the likelihood of an allergic disease. The dependence of exacerbations of the disease with the peak of mites reproduction was also established. Fortunately, there are now ways to get rid of such a dangerous “neighborhood”.

You can clarify causally significant allergens, get answers to all your questions, conduct modern allergological tests in the Allergy Department of St.acad. I.P. Pavlova (Lev Tolstoy str., 6/8, hospital therapy clinic, building No. 10, tel. 234-24-75). Highly qualified doctors, candidates of medical sciences, will conduct a consultation and examination on the day of treatment.

SPECIFIC IMMUNOTHERAPY – THE MOST EFFECTIVE METHOD FOR TREATING ALLERGIC DISEASES

Specific immunotherapy (SIT or hyposensitization) is a method of treating allergic diseases, which consists in administering to patients therapeutic doses of allergens (allergovaccines) in gradually increasing doses to reduce the sensitivity of patients to repeated exposure to allergens.For the first time this method was proposed back in 1911 for the treatment of pollinosis (pollen allergy) by the English doctors L. Noon and J. Freeman.

SIT – the only type of therapy that has a positive effect on the natural course of the disease. It prevents the development of bronchial asthma in patients with allergic rhinitis, limits the expansion of the spectrum of intolerable allergens, reduces the patients’ need for drugs, and increases the remission period of allergic diseases.

SIT is used to treat allergic diseases such as bronchial asthma, allergic rhinitis and conjunctivitis, atopic dermatitis. For SIT, tick-borne, dust, epidermal, pollen, fungal allergy vaccines are used.

The effectiveness of this method of treatment for allergy to plant pollen reaches 80% -90%, with allergy to household dust and house dust mites, epidermal allergens – 70% -80%, with fungal allergy – 60% -70%.

This method of treatment is used by allergists in specialized allergy offices.

In St. Academician I.P. Pavlova, highly qualified doctors-allergists of the Department of Allergology-Immunology have extensive practical experience in the use of SIT. Using SIT, including in the early stages of the development of allergic diseases, they achieve good results in the treatment of patients with bronchial asthma, allergic rhinitis and conjunctivitis, atopic dermatitis.

Allergies: types, reactions, treatment, prevention

Other allergens include:

Latex. Some people may develop latex allergy after repeated exposure. Rubber gloves, medical or household cleaning, are the main source of this type of reaction.

People who are allergic to latex may experience skin rashes, hives, watery eyes and eye irritation, wheezing and itching of the skin. Allergic reactions to latex can be mild, in the form of skin redness and itching. More serious reactions can occur if the mucous membranes are exposed, for example, during surgery, dental or gynecological examinations.

Treatment of latex reactions begins with the removal of the hazardous product. If you are allergic to latex, it is important to wear a bracelet that states this fact. All procedures must be carried out in a “latex-free” form. There is no cure for latex allergy, so prevention is the best treatment for this condition.

Certain products. A food allergy occurs when the body produces specific antibodies to a particular food or food component. The reaction occurs within minutes after eating and the symptoms can be severe.In adults, the most common food allergens are shellfish, peanuts, and tree nuts. In children, these include milk, eggs, soy, wheat, shellfish, peanuts, and tree nuts.

Symptoms of food allergies include itching, hives, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, difficulty breathing, and swelling around the mouth.

The only treatment is to avoid foods that cause allergy symptoms. If a food allergy develops, your doctor may prescribe injectable epinephrine (epinephrine), which you should always carry with you.This is necessary in case of accidental consumption of foods that cause anaphylaxis.

Reaction to stinging insect poisons. When bitten, a stinging insect injects a poison containing proteins into the skin. An acceptable reaction is a burning sensation and slight swelling at the site of the bite, redness and soreness.

Good to know about ALLERGIES (allergi)

What is an allergy?

The word “allergy” is borrowed from the Greek language and means “another action.” Thus, allergies are changes in the body’s response to the effects of common substances in the environment, which in themselves are harmless.These substances are called allergens, and the most common ones come from house mites, molds, woolly animals, food, drugs, metals, and pollen from grasses and trees.

When a patient comes into contact with an allergen, special antibodies (IgE) begin to be produced in his body. These antibodies are absorbed onto the surface of various inflammatory cells such as mast cells and basophilic granulocytes. Such cells are found, for example, in the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract, blood and skin.Upon renewal of contact with the same allergen, a reaction between the antibody and the allergen may occur. This reaction produces chemicals that cause disorders such as itching, nasal congestion, coughing, and shortness of breath. The most important chemical produced in this process is histamine. Sometimes an allergy to a certain substance can develop quickly, and sometimes it happens over a long period of time.

Who May Have Allergies?

The hereditary factor plays an important role in the development of allergies.If neither parent is hypersensitive or allergic, there is a 15% chance that their child will develop an allergy. If one of the parents is allergic, then this figure will be 40%. In the presence of allergies in both parents, the probability of the child’s illness will be 60-80%. Often, food allergies in children go away with age, but adults can develop new types of allergies that affect the respiratory tract. Airway allergies rarely go away completely, but their intensity and symptoms can vary markedly and, in some cases, hardly be observed.Some, however, can react strongly to both pollen and animals in adulthood.

What are the symptoms of an allergy?

Pollen allergy primarily irritates the nose and eyes, but can also cause headaches, weakness, fatigue and decreased concentration. Many pollen allergy sufferers complain of mouth and throat discomfort when eating raw fruits and vegetables, especially during pollen season. This is because pollen allergens are similar to proteins found in food, which leads to cross-reactions.

In case of an acute allergic reaction, anaphylactic shock can occur, that is, a life-threatening sharp drop in blood pressure. This can happen with an injection (vaccine or fluoroscopy contrast fluid), an insect bite (such as a wasp), medication, or food. See also metal allergy and contact allergy fact sheets.

Prevalence

More than 40% of the population have allergic reactions during their lifetime.In most cases, these are mild symptoms. More serious allergic reactions are observed in 10-20% of the population. Most often, allergic symptoms appear already in childhood, although some people get their first allergic reactions as an adult.

Experts at the international level agree that in recent decades, there has been an increase in the incidence of allergies. There is a lot to suggest that lifestyle factors such as dietary changes and unhealthy indoor climates can play a role.In addition to this, the weakening of microbiological stimulation (hygienic hypothesis) and a change in the composition of the bacterial flora surrounding us should be noted.

Allergy treatment

If you think you have an allergy, then, despite the sufficiency of preventive measures for mild to moderate symptoms, you should consult a doctor. The greatest effect will have a complete exclusion of contact with the allergen. In the case of food, this is not easy, and in the case of pollen allergies, it is almost impossible.Many are forced to use medications for allergic symptoms.

It is important to select the appropriate treatment method with the correct use of the necessary medications. The first aid for allergic nasal symptoms is the use of so-called topical steroids, available commercially in powder or inhaler form. Antihistamines, available as tablets, eye drops, and nasal inhalers, are also effective drugs with rare and safe side effects.As a rule, inhalation medication is necessary for symptoms arising in the lower respiratory tract. Here, too, topical steroids are central, often in combination with one or more other inhaled medications. You should refrain from injections of cortisone as long as possible, which, however, may be relevant in special cases (for example, before passing an exam) or when other types of treatment are not effective enough. The cortisone injection lasts for several weeks.

Anaphylactic shock can come on gradually or suddenly and be life-threatening. Those few patients with such a pronounced allergy that there is a danger of anaphylactic shock should always have an adrenaline syringe with them. When a shock occurs, it is necessary to immediately inject adrenaline and immediately consult a doctor.

(Information on allergy vaccination can be found in a separate information sheet).

How is the diagnosis made?

When testing during acute allergic reactions, such as allergic rhinitis, the results will be fairly typical for allergies.However, clinical examination usually does not answer the question of whether the reaction is the result of an allergy, airway hyperactivity, chemical sensitivity, or something else. In this case, special tests for allergies are necessary, such as a blood test and a Pirquet test. Antihistamines should not be taken 7 days before the Pirke test, as they can reduce the degree of response. It is important that clinicians working with blood allergy tests can interpret the results correctly.

None of the allergy tests are 100% reliable. It is quite possible to have an allergy with negative test results and vice versa. Therefore, the patient’s medical history is most important in diagnosing allergies. There is no age limit for allergy testing.

How to get tested

If you suspect an allergy, contact your doctor. Some doctors do the analysis themselves. Otherwise, you will be referred to a specialist, clinic or hospital.The principle of free choice of a hospital in Norway allows for a choice based on the information received. On the website below and by calling the toll-free number 800 41 004 you can get information about the available allergy treatment sites. At www.sykehusvalg.net you will also find information about your rights regarding the choice of a hospital.

Prevention of allergies

It is estimated that allergies can be prevented by giving a baby breast milk during the first four to six months of life.You should not smoke during pregnancy, and children should not be exposed to tobacco smoke. It is necessary to create the most favorable indoor climate in the room.

Allergies in spring and summer

What is an allergen in spring and summer?

As soon as the sun begins to warm up and the snow melts, the soil, last year’s foliage and withered grass are exposed. It is a very good breeding ground for various fungi – mold, yeast, aspergillus.The spring wind carries microscopic fungal spores that can cause allergy symptoms. The time of occurrence of this type of allergy – fungal – is from the beginning of snow melting (usually March in our strip) until the end of May – June.

Another allergen associated with melting snow, evaporation of moisture from roads, sidewalks is anti-icing reagents. The reaction to chemicals can continue throughout the snowmelt period.

However, the most famous and, according to statistics, the most frequent type of spring-summer allergy is pollinosis (hay fever) – a reaction to the pollen of flowering trees and grasses.From about mid-March to the end of April, dusting of early-flowering trees is observed – alder, hazel, hornbeam, maple, ash, willow, willow. From mid-April to late May – dusting of late-flowering trees – birch, oak, elm, pine, spruce, poplar. From mid-May to the end of June, some herbs bloom, the pollen of which also causes allergy symptoms – coltsfoot, dandelion.

In the summertime, the most common cause of allergies is cereal and weed pollen. In June-July, there is a reaction to the flowering of cereals – timothy, rye, corn, wheat, wheatgrass, foxtail, fescue, hedgehog, bluegrass.Weeds bloom from July to autumn – wormwood, quinoa, nettle, plantain.

What are the symptoms of an allergy?

All of the above types of allergens belong to the group of aeroallergens and cause a reaction in the respiratory tract. The most common symptoms of rhinitis are: itching in the nose, sneezing, nasal congestion, runny nose. Redness of the eyes, lacrimation, photophobia are often added. If you do not take any medications for allergies, the symptoms can become more severe: sore throat, cough, hoarseness, manifestations of bronchial obstruction (asthma).

Less commonly, atopic dermatitis, urticaria, or Quincke’s edema are observed upon contact with aeroallergens.

Cross allergy – what is it?

There are foods whose allergens are similar in origin and composition to those of trees, herbs and fungi. When consuming these products, there is often a reaction similar to plant pollen allergy – conjunctivitis, sore throat and cough, sneezing, nasal congestion.Allergies can occur both during the flowering season and all year round. There are times when the reaction to cross foods is even stronger than to the causative plant. Therefore, it is advisable to follow a cross-food diet during flowering to avoid aggravating pollen allergies. However, some people may need such a diet outside of the flowering season.

If you are allergic to birch and related plants (aspen, alder, oak, beech, hornbeam, maple, ash, hazel), apples, pears, nuts, kiwi, carrots, celery, parsley, honey and stone fruits (cherries, plum, prune, peach, apricot, cherry, avocado, etc.).

Allergy sufferers who react to cereal pollen should exclude bakery products and all flour products, kvass, beer, soy products, meat products with fillers.

If you are allergic to weed plants, seeds, halva, sunflower and corn oils, melon, watermelon, celery, and herbal preparations are excluded from the diet.

With a fungal allergy, fermented milk products, moldy cheeses, kvass, and sourdoughs are excluded.

How is allergy diagnosed?

If you suspect an allergy, you should definitely visit an allergist.He will conduct a conversation, ask the necessary questions to understand which group of allergens causes a reaction. Then the doctor conducts allergy diagnostics. It is a skin test with micro-doses of allergens. In this case, the result is visible immediately after the examination. Also, an allergist may prescribe a blood test for allergens. Sometimes allergy diagnostics includes both methods.

What to do if a spring-summer allergy develops?

The best way to treat allergies is to avoid contact with the allergen.Therefore, one of the options for dealing with spring ailment is to leave for another strip, where either there are no such plants, or the causative plant has already faded.

However, often there is simply no way to leave. What to do then? First, a visit to an allergist is required to conduct an allergic diagnosis and establish the causative allergen. In addition, the allergist will prescribe the necessary treatment to relieve symptoms, as well as advice on diet, hygiene, and walking during the flowering period.

To reduce contact with allergens, it is recommended to use barrier products: masks, nasal filters, barrier sprays. Windows and vents in the house must be closed to avoid the ingress of allergens. Active walks are best done in calm weather after rain. Coming home from the street, be sure to take off your outerwear, wash your hands and face, rinse your mouth, rinse your nose with boiled water.

The most effective method of dealing with plant pollen allergy is Allergen-Specific Immunotherapy (ASIT).The method is the introduction of low doses of the causative allergen into the body of an allergic person. The immune system “gets used” to it and the reaction to the flowering plant decreases or disappears altogether. The allergen can be injected into the body subcutaneously or sublingually (under the tongue). Such treatment begins 3-4 months before the beginning of the dusting of the causative plant. ASIT for children is carried out from 5 years old. Before prescribing such treatment, the allergist must carry out allergy diagnostics to identify the leading allergen.

Self-diagnosis and self-treatment of allergic manifestations are by no means acceptable.Improper treatment can lead to the development of severe complications such as bronchial asthma. It must be remembered that early detection of allergies and strict adherence to all prescribed therapeutic measures is the key to success in the fight against spring-summer illness.

Hurry! Make an appointment with the allergist immunologist of the Clinic “Mother and Child” South-West Pashchenko Olga Evgenievna by phone: +7 (800) 700 700 1

90,000 Allergy treatment, clinic “West-East”, St. Petersburg

Allergy is an inadequate reaction of the immune system to allergenic substances, which develops upon direct contact with them.This hypersensitivity is one of the most common immunopathological conditions and can occur under the influence of factors of both the internal and external environment. It is accompanied by the production of antibodies capable of contacting antigens of its own body, which disrupt the structure and function of cells, organs, and body tissues.

It should be remembered that the danger of this disease should not be underestimated, since anaphylactic shock or Quincke’s edema may occur against the background of an allergic reaction, as well as lead to the development of more serious diseases.Therefore, it is more correct to carry out early prevention, as well as treatment of allergies in the clinic outside the period of exacerbation.

Causes of the disease

The exact causes and conditions for the development of allergies are difficult to name, since this area has not yet been fully studied. As you know, this pathology is not found in everyone, and may not occur immediately. People who have a predisposition to the disease (features of the immune system, genetic predisposition) may be exposed to a variety of substances throughout their lives, but this does not lead to the appearance of the disease.

The main cause of allergic conditions is considered to be the body’s immune response caused by certain substances. The main ones are:

flower pollen;
street, book and house dust;
household tick;
some food items;
certain medicines;
pet hair;
household chemicals;
spores of mold and fungi;
insect bites.

Strong emotional or psychological stress can also provoke an allergic reaction in the body. The disease can also develop against the background of improper nutrition, non-compliance with the correct healthy lifestyle and the presence of bad habits.

Very often, the cause of allergies are dysfunctions or diseases of internal organs (gastrointestinal tract, liver and others).

Classification of allergies

All known allergic diseases are divided into several main types:

Anaphylactic shock.Instant allergic reaction that occurs when the allergen re-penetrates into the body (medicines, household chemicals, insect poison, etc.).
Food allergy. Includes such clinical manifestations as lesions of the respiratory organs, skin, alimentary tract.
Respiratory allergies. These include seasonal or perennial rhinitis, tracheobronchitis, rhinosinusitis, bronchial asthma.
Drug allergy. An allergic reaction that occurs while taking medications.
Infectious allergies. In this case, viruses, bacteria or fungi that have pathogenic properties may be the cause.
Contact (skin) allergies. This group includes urticaria, angioedema, eczema and atopic dermatitis.
Insect allergy. A reaction that manifests when a person bites / contacts an insect or its waste products.

Any of the listed pathological conditions has individual characteristic symptoms and manifestations.It is possible to determine the exact type of allergy only in a medical center, and then undergo the necessary treatment.

Main symptoms

Symptoms of the disease can vary. The type of their manifestation depends on the type of allergen, as well as the location of the inflammation:

The respiratory form is characterized by severe itching in the nose, sneezing, runny nose, dry cough, wheezing in the lungs. In some cases, suffocation may occur.
Allergic conjunctivitis affects the organs of vision.Its main symptoms are increased tearing, redness and swelling of the skin around the eyes, and a burning sensation in the eyes.
Enteropathy develops as a result of the use of any medication or food. This form of the disease is characterized by intestinal colic, nausea, vomiting, constipation and diarrhea, swelling of the lips and tongue.
Allergic dermatosis is characterized by various irritations and rashes on the skin, namely: itching, redness, dryness or peeling of the skin, blisters, pustules, and in some cases severe edema.
Anaphylactic shock is a dangerous form of an allergic reaction. It manifests itself in the form of sudden severe itching, followed by difficulty breathing and a decrease in blood pressure. The main signs are pallor or redness of the skin, profuse sweating, threadlike pulse, seizures, shortness of breath, loss of consciousness, and involuntary urination and defecation. In severe cases, swelling of the brain or lungs is possible.

In the most severe cases, this pathological condition can be fatal.That is why, if any of the above symptoms appear, we recommend not to self-medicate, but to seek qualified medical help.

Allergy treatment in our clinic

West-East is a multidisciplinary medical center in St. Petersburg, where you can treat allergies with qualified doctors using highly effective techniques.

Before proceeding directly to therapy, our specialists conduct a unique vegetative test to identify the cause of the disease.Such a study is carried out using a special probe that produces cold, which quickly finds the source of the problem using the acupuncture points on the auricle.

The following methods are used for treatment in our clinic:

Acupuncture
Ancient Chinese acupuncture, unlike other techniques, is aimed at eliminating the symptoms of the disease and has a beneficial effect on the entire body, improving its general condition and normalizing its functioning.Correctly placed needles stimulate the production of their own hormones and strengthen the immune system, which allows you to heal without taking medications or injections of synthetic hormones.
The procedure is carried out according to the following scheme: the doctor selects suitable biologically active points on the patient’s body, on which small medical needles are installed. The session lasts 30-40 minutes, after which the person can go home.
Laser therapy
The effect of the procedure is achieved by applying a low-energy laser beam to acupuncture points on the human body.This method is suitable for the treatment of most allergic diseases: urticaria, bronchial asthma, dermatitis, allergic rhinitis and many others. It has a pronounced immune-strengthening effect and anti-inflammatory effect.

Occasionally, doctors may prescribe certain medications for a patient. However, acupuncture and laser therapy show good results, which in most cases allows for effective treatment of allergic diseases without the use of medications.

Cost of procedures

The cost of treatment depends on the method of therapy chosen by the doctor and the patient, as well as the total number of procedures required to achieve the desired result.

You can ask your questions, as well as make an appointment with a doctor for the diagnosis and treatment of allergic diseases, by contacting us by phone: +7 (812) 309-92-14, +7 (921) 766-65-48, as well as through a special registration form on the website of our clinic or through an online consultant.

We will offer you a unique method of allergy treatment based on the knowledge of the ancient eastern world.

90,000 Allergies in Dogs and Cats – Veterinary Clinic

Alas, cats and dogs can suffer from allergies. Let’s figure out what kind of ailment it is, how to recognize it and what to do with it.

Signs of allergy.

Allergies are mainly manifested by redness and itching of the skin.In dogs, the ears and interdigital spaces are most often affected first. Often, a dog that often has otitis media turns out to be allergic. In the future, itching can spread to the back, abdomen and neck of the dog. In cats, allergic reactions can occur in very different ways, itching and redness can occur on a wide variety of areas of the body (for example, we can find sores on the lips).

Usually we see the first signs of allergy in animals at least 6 months old, but there may be exceptions.Allergy symptoms can be seasonal, persistent, or intermittent.

Allergy is an excessive, hypertrophied reaction of an animal’s body to any substance. Depending on what substance it is, we can distinguish three main types of allergies in dogs and cats:

Flea saliva allergy is the most common type of allergy. In this case, it is not at all necessary that the animal will have fleas. This type of allergy can be found even in completely naked dogs and cats that live in an apartment and never go outside.How does it work? Very simple. The fact is that for the development of an allergic reaction, it is enough for a microscopic amount of an allergen to enter the body. Thus, the bite of a single flea, which accidentally fell on an animal, can cause a typical allergy pattern.
Allergy to environmental substances. Otherwise, this type of allergy is called atopic dermatitis. This is the second most common allergy after flea. In this case, plant pollen, dust, mold, etc. can serve as allergens.It happens that our pet feels good at the dacha, and returning to the city starts to itch again. Perhaps this is also a manifestation of atopy.
Food allergies are the rarest allergies. In this case, food substances (usually proteins) will be allergens.

Outwardly, all types of allergies in animals manifest themselves in the same way: it is primarily itching and scratching of the skin. As a result of inflammation and scratching, the skin loses its protective properties and therefore often some kind of bacterial infection or fungal infection joins the allergy.Even if the manifestations of allergy are localized in the auricles, then very quickly this can lead to the development of bacterial or malassezionny (fungal) or mixed otitis media. Lesions localized in the interdigital spaces can cause a disease of the paws – pododermatitis. Pustular skin lesions (pyoderma) on the abdomen, back are also often caused by scratching as a result of allergies.

How to treat?

The first and most important thing to do is to determine what type of allergy the patient has.This is done by the elimination method.

First, we rid the animal of fleas with the help of drugs with a known guaranteed effect. To do this, we simultaneously apply drops from ectoparasites (spot-on), or the drug “Bravecto” for dogs, repellents (for example, in the form of a spray) and treat with an insecticide (for example, butox or neostomazan) the animal’s place of residence (apartment, booth …). clinical symptoms have disappeared, then we only need to use anti-flea drugs in an enhanced mode and in the future, forgetting about allergies forever.

If after this the allergy remains, then the animal is assigned a special diagnostic diet. This can be a commercially produced diet (super-premium hypoallergenic food) or any other food that a dog or cat has never received in its life. The rationale behind this prescription is that it takes time for an animal to develop hypersensitivity to food (usually several months). Thus, it cannot have an allergic reaction to food that is new to the animal.And if, after the appointment of a diet, the symptoms disappear, this is very good. It remains to determine which particular product caused the allergy and exclude it from the diet.

If, after the application of the diagnostic diet, the signs of allergy persist, and other possible causes of itching are excluded, then we can conclude that we are dealing with an allergy to environmental substances (atopy). In this case, lifelong (or seasonal) therapy with special drugs is carried out, or an allergic test is carried out and vaccination is prescribed.As a means of therapy, antihistamines, hormones, cyclosporins or apoquel are used. For vaccination, a mixture of allergens is used (they are pre-selected individually for each animal using an allergic test), which are introduced according to a special scheme. This method is safe, but quite expensive and not always effective.

There are several common misconceptions about allergies in dogs and cats:

“Human” drugs help animals from allergies: suprastin, tavegil, diphenhydramine and other antihistamines. Alas, in most cases these drugs are either ineffective or not effective at all. The reason is that, unlike humans, in animals, the allergic reaction is mainly supported not by histamine, but by other inducers of inflammation. But often these drugs are still used.
Allergies may develop from new food . Quite the opposite. Allergies take time to develop, usually several months. Therefore, most likely, there will be no allergy to the new food.
You can take an analysis that will show which feed the animal is allergic to . At the moment, there is not a single reliable analysis in the world that could determine which product an animal is allergic to.
You can donate blood for analysis, which will show which environmental substances the animal is allergic to. Yes, it is possible, but this method is, firstly, too unreliable, and secondly, it has no practical value. There is a method of intradermal allergen test, it is used to calculate the composition of an anti-allergic vaccine.
My animal is allergic – it means that it has weak immunity . Rather, on the contrary, the immunity of such an animal is excessively strong.

It is important to remember that allergy is a hereditary disease. Therefore, sick animals are not recommended for breeding.

90,000 Allergies and coronavirus found the same symptoms

https://ria.ru/20201022/allergiya-1580921088.html

Allergies and coronavirus found the same symptoms

Allergies and coronavirus found the same symptoms – RIA Novosti, 22.10.2020

Allergies and coronavirus found the same symptoms

Cough and shortness of breath are one of the possible symptoms of coronavirus. However, at least 25 more diseases give the same symptoms, in particular … RIA Novosti, 22.10.2020

2020-10-22T02: 17

2020-10- 22T02: 17

spread of coronavirus

society

health

allergy

russia

covid-19 coronavirus

alla red

institute of allergology and clinical immunology

/ meta html / head = name ‘html / : title ‘] / @ content

/ html / head / meta [@ name =’ og: description ‘] / @ content

This disease has symptoms like COVID-19

https: // cdn22.img.ria.ru/images/156059/17/1560591781_0 0:3072:1728_1920x0_80_0_0_766f07934c84049a8e000e6f08cbce8c.jpg

MOSCOW, October 22 – RIA Novosti. Coughing and shortness of breath are some of the possible symptoms of coronavirus. However, at least 25 other diseases give the same symptoms, in particular, allergies, Alla Ryzhikh, an allergist-immunologist at the Institute of Allergology and Clinical Immunology, told radio Sputnik. Symptoms of seasonal allergies may be similar to those of coronavirus: cough, shortness of breath …If this condition repeats in a person from year to year, it is most likely an exacerbation of an allergic disease. Now the cold autumn air can start it. Although in itself it is not an allergen, as many people think, the allergist-immunologist explained. “An allergen can be a protein or a substance that can attach a protein to itself and become a full-fledged allergen. Cold is air, it cannot be an allergen. But if there are signs of chronic allergic inflammation, it is a trigger, an intensifier of the reaction, “Ryzhikh said.Autumn-specific allergens are molds and dust mites. “Now is the rainy season, molds prevail. These are aeroallergens, which are more where something rots. In addition, if a person is allergic to tree pollen, then a reaction can cause fallen leaves. Both by itself and the mold that appears in it during rotting. With the onset of the heating season, dust mites begin to actively multiply. the interlocutor of the radio.Of course, allergy sufferers are not immune to getting sick with coronavirus, but they have a small bonus in the form of a lesser degree of susceptibility to viral diseases, she stressed. In order not to confuse allergic reactions and coronavirus, you need to see a specialist, the doctor concluded.

https://ria.ru/20201019/simptom-1580438253.html

https://ria.ru/20200915/vitaminy-1577267371.html

Russia

RIA Novosti

[email protected]

7 495 645-6601

FSUE MIA “Russia Today”

https: // xn – c1acbl2abdlkab1og.xn – p1ai / awards /

2020

RIA Novosti

[email protected]

7 495 645-6601

FSUE MIA “Russia Today”

https: //xn--c1acbl2abdlkab1og.xn –p1ai / awards /

News

ru-RU

https://ria.ru/docs/about/copyright.html

https: //xn--c1acbl2abdlkab1og.xn--p1ai/

RIA News

[email protected]

7 495 645-6601

FSUE MIA “Russia Today”

https: // xn – c1acbl2abdlkab1og.xn – p1ai / awards /

https://cdn22.img.ria.ru/images/156059/17/1560591781_9-0rian 2740:2048_1920x0_80_0_0_17fb095d82cae8ef7e6f53697a8daf31.jpg

RIA Novosti

0005 495 645-6601

FSUE MIA “Russia Today”

https: //xn--c1acbl2abdlkab1og.xn--p1ai/awards/

RIA Novosti

[email protected]

7 495 645-6601

FSUE MIA “Russia Today”

https: // xn – c1acbl2abdlkab1og.xn – p1ai / awards /

society, health, allergies, russia, covid-19 coronavirus, alla ryzhikh, institute of allergology and clinical immunology

MOSCOW, October 22 – RIA Novosti. Cough and shortness of breath are some of the possible symptoms of coronavirus. However, at least 25 other diseases give the same symptoms, in particular, allergies, Alla Ryzhikh, an allergist-immunologist at the Institute of Allergology and Clinical Immunology, told Sputnik radio.

Symptoms of seasonal allergies can be similar to those of coronavirus: cough, shortness of breath. If this condition repeats in a person from year to year, it is most likely an exacerbation of an allergic disease. Now the cold autumn air can start it. Although in itself it is not an allergen, as many people think, the allergist-immunologist explained.

“An allergen can be a protein or a substance capable of attaching a protein to itself and becoming a full-fledged allergen. Cold is air, it cannot be an allergen.But if there are signs of chronic allergic inflammation, it is a trigger, an intensifier of the reaction, “Ryzhikh said.

Autumn-specific allergens are molds and dust mites.

October 19, 2020, 10:59 am The spread of coronavirus Russian doctors have commented on a new symptom of coronavirus rainy season, molds prevail. These are aeroallergens, of which there are more where something rots. In addition, if a person is allergic to tree pollen, fallen leaves can cause a reaction.And by itself, and the mold that appears in it when rotting. With the onset of the heating season, dust mites begin to actively multiply. When allergic to dust mites, and this is an overwhelming type of allergy in Europe, rhinitis and asthma appear, “the interlocutor of the radio noted. , she emphasized.

“Allergy sufferers generally suffer less from viral diseases, just as allergy sufferers are less likely to suffer from cancer.This is due to the fact that they have an increased reagin background, that is, there is a lot of so-called immunoglobulin E (IgE), “the allergist explained.

In order not to confuse allergic reactions and coronavirus, you need to consult a specialist, the doctor concluded.

Kind of allergies. Understanding Different Types of Allergies: Symptoms, Causes, and Management

The Immune System and Allergic Reactions

Common Types of Respiratory Allergies

Seasonal Allergies (Hay Fever)

Dust Mite Allergies

Mold Allergies

Food Allergies: A Growing Concern

Distinguishing Food Allergies from Intolerances

Pet Allergies: More Than Just Fur

Hypoallergenic Pets: Myth or Reality?

Insect Allergies: More Than Just a Sting

Stinging Insect Allergies

Non-Stinging Insect Allergies

Drug Allergies: When Medicine Becomes the Problem

Drug Allergies vs. Side Effects

Latex Allergies: A Hidden Danger

Diagnosis and Management of Allergies

Allergy Testing Methods

Treatment and Management Strategies

The Future of Allergy Treatment and Research

Emerging Treatments

Types of Allergies | AAFA.org

Types of Allergies

Drug Allergy

Food Allergy

Insect Allergy

Latex Allergy

Mold Allergy

Pet Allergy

Pollen Allergy

What are the Symptoms and Types?

Respiratory Allergies

Food Allergies

Skin Allergies

Other Allergies

Types, Symptoms, Causes & Treatments

Overview

What are allergies?

What is an allergic reaction?

What are the types of allergies and how are they treated?

What is allergic rhinitis?

Does everyone get allergies?

How common are allergies?

Types, Symptoms, Causes & Treatments

Overview

What are allergies?

What is an allergic reaction?

What are the types of allergies and how are they treated?

What is allergic rhinitis?

Does everyone get allergies?

How common are allergies?

Allergies – NHS

Common allergies

Symptoms of an allergic reaction

Getting help for allergies

How to manage an allergy

What causes allergies?

Is it an allergy, sensitivity or intolerance?

Allergy

Sensitivity

Intolerance

What is allergy? – Australasian Society of Clinical Immunology and Allergy (ASCIA)

The definition of allergy

What happens when you have an allergic reaction?

Which areas of the body may be affected?

Nose, eyes, sinuses and throat

Lungs and chest

Stomach and bowel

Skin

Life threatening allergic reactions require immediate treatment

Effective prevention and treatment options are available

Symptoms and Treatment – American Kennel Club

Types of Allergies in Dogs

Skin Allergies

Food Allergies

Acute Allergic Reactions

Symptoms of Allergies in Dogs

Diagnosing Allergies in Dogs

Treating Allergies in Dogs

Allergies: types, reactions, treatment, prevention