Labia majora swelling. Swollen Labia: Causes, Symptoms, and Effective Treatments Explained
What are the common causes of swollen labia. How can you identify symptoms of labia majora swelling. What are the most effective treatments for swollen vaginal lips.
Understanding Labia Majora Swelling: An Overview
The labia, often referred to as the vaginal lips, play a crucial role in protecting sensitive female genital structures. Comprising two pairs – the outer labia majora and inner labia minora – these folds of skin safeguard the clitoris, vagina, and urethra from potential infection and damage. However, various conditions can lead to swollen labia, causing discomfort and concern for many women.
Swelling of the labia majora is a common issue that affects numerous women at some point in their lives. While it can be alarming, understanding the potential causes, recognizing the symptoms, and knowing the available treatments can help alleviate anxiety and ensure proper care.
Identifying Symptoms Associated with Swollen Labia
When experiencing labia majora swelling, women may notice a variety of accompanying symptoms that can indicate an underlying issue. These symptoms often include:
- A sensation of warmth or heat around the genital area
- Visible bumps or lumps on the labia
- Burning or stinging sensations
- Persistent itching
- Pain or discomfort
- Redness or inflammation
- Strong or unpleasant odor emanating from the vagina
- Unusual vaginal discharge
Is the presence of these symptoms always indicative of a serious condition. While some of these symptoms may be cause for concern, it’s important to note that not all cases of swollen labia are severe. However, persistent or worsening symptoms should prompt a visit to a healthcare provider for proper evaluation and treatment.
Common Causes of Labia Majora Swelling
Swollen labia can result from various factors, ranging from minor irritations to more serious infections. Understanding these potential causes can help women identify the root of their discomfort and seek appropriate care. Some of the most common causes include:
Yeast Infections
Yeast infections are incredibly common, affecting nearly 75% of women at least once in their lifetime. These infections occur when there’s an overgrowth of Candida fungi in the vaginal area. Symptoms typically include:
- Intense itching
- Burning sensation
- Swelling of the labia and surrounding areas
- Thick, white, lumpy discharge
Are certain women more susceptible to yeast infections. Yes, factors that increase the risk include pregnancy, uncontrolled diabetes, a weakened immune system, and the use of certain medications such as steroids, antibiotics, and oral contraceptives.
Bacterial Vaginosis (BV)
Bacterial vaginosis affects approximately 30% of women of childbearing age. This condition results from an imbalance in the natural bacterial flora of the vagina. While some women may not experience any symptoms, others may notice:
- Swollen labia
- Green or gray vaginal discharge
- A distinct fishy odor
Can certain behaviors increase the risk of developing BV. Indeed, factors such as douching, having a new sexual partner, or multiple sexual partners can elevate the risk of bacterial vaginosis.
Trichomoniasis
Trichomoniasis is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) that affects about 3% of women of childbearing age. While many women with this infection may be asymptomatic, those who do experience symptoms might notice:
- Irritation and itching of the vulva
- Pain during urination
- Swollen labia
- Vaginal odor
- Yellow-green discharge
Does having multiple sexual partners increase the risk of trichomoniasis. Yes, along with a history of other STIs, having multiple sexual partners does elevate the risk of contracting this infection.
Allergic Reactions and Irritants: Unexpected Causes of Labia Swelling
In some cases, swollen labia may not be due to an infection but rather an allergic reaction or irritation from certain products. Common irritants include:
- Chemicals found in fabrics
- Fragrances in detergents and soaps
- Latex in condoms
- Spermicides
How can women identify if their swollen labia are due to an allergic reaction. If there’s no evidence of infection and the swelling occurs after using a new product or material, it may be indicative of an allergic reaction. In such cases, discontinuing use of the suspected irritant and observing if symptoms improve can help confirm the cause.
Bartholin’s Cysts: A Less Common But Important Cause
Bartholin’s glands, located on either side of the vaginal opening, can sometimes become blocked, leading to the formation of cysts. These cysts can cause swelling in and around the vagina. While they don’t always cause additional symptoms, they can potentially lead to infection, resulting in pain and pus accumulation.
Approximately 2% of women will experience a Bartholin’s cyst in their lifetime. These cysts are most common in women in their 20s, with the risk decreasing as women age.
Sexual Intercourse and Labia Swelling
Can sexual activity lead to swollen labia. Yes, sexual intercourse without adequate lubrication – either natural or from a lubricating product – can cause friction. This friction may damage the vaginal area and labia, resulting in swelling and discomfort.
Diagnosing the Cause of Swollen Labia
When faced with persistent or concerning labia swelling, it’s crucial to seek medical attention for proper diagnosis. Healthcare providers may use various methods to determine the underlying cause, including:
- Reviewing medical and sexual history
- Compiling a complete list of symptoms
- Conducting a physical examination
- Performing vaginal or vulvar swabs
- Taking tissue samples
- Analyzing urine samples
Depending on the initial findings and the individual’s symptoms, further tests may be necessary to reach a definitive diagnosis.
When to Seek Medical Attention for Swollen Labia
While some cases of swollen labia may resolve on their own, certain symptoms warrant immediate medical attention. Women should consult a healthcare provider if they experience:
- Worsening swelling over time
- A persistent lump or bump on the labia
- Severe or ongoing itching
- Intense or prolonged pain
- A strong, unusual odor from the vagina
- Abnormal vaginal discharge
How quickly should one seek medical attention if these symptoms occur. It’s advisable to contact a healthcare provider within 24-48 hours of noticing these symptoms, especially if they are severe or causing significant discomfort.
Treatment Options for Swollen Labia
The treatment for swollen labia depends largely on the underlying cause. Healthcare providers may recommend various approaches based on the diagnosis:
Medications and Topical Treatments
For swelling caused by allergies or minor irritations, steroid creams may provide relief. These creams help reduce inflammation and alleviate associated symptoms. In cases of infection, antifungal or antibiotic medications may be prescribed, depending on the specific pathogen involved.
Home Remedies and Self-Care
In addition to medical treatments, several home remedies and self-care practices can help manage swollen labia:
- Applying cool compresses to the affected area
- Wearing loose, breathable cotton underwear
- Avoiding potential irritants such as scented products or harsh soaps
- Using unscented, hypoallergenic products for intimate hygiene
- Maintaining proper hygiene practices
Dietary Changes
Can dietary modifications help alleviate swollen labia. In some cases, particularly for recurrent yeast infections, dietary changes may be beneficial. Reducing sugar intake and incorporating probiotic-rich foods can help maintain a healthy vaginal microbiome, potentially reducing the risk of infections that lead to swollen labia.
Surgical Interventions
In rare cases, such as with persistent Bartholin’s cysts, surgical intervention may be necessary. This typically involves draining the cyst or, in more severe cases, removing the gland entirely. However, surgery is generally considered a last resort when other treatments have proven ineffective.
Understanding the various causes, symptoms, and treatment options for swollen labia empowers women to take control of their intimate health. By recognizing the signs of potential issues and seeking timely medical attention, women can ensure proper care and maintain optimal vaginal health. Remember, while swollen labia can be uncomfortable and concerning, most cases are treatable with appropriate medical intervention and self-care practices.
Swollen labia: Causes, symptoms, and treatment
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Medical News Today only shows you brands and products that we stand behind.
Our team thoroughly researches and evaluates the recommendations we make on our site. To establish that the product manufacturers addressed safety and efficacy standards, we:
- Evaluate ingredients and composition: Do they have the potential to cause harm?
- Fact-check all health claims: Do they align with the current body of scientific evidence?
- Assess the brand: Does it operate with integrity and adhere to industry best practices?
We do the research so you can find trusted products for your health and wellness.
Read more about our vetting process.
Was this helpful?
The labia protect the clitoris, vagina, and urethra from infection and damage. Various conditions can cause swollen labia, including infections and cysts. Cool compresses, dietary changes, and steroid creams may help relieve discomfort, depending on the cause.
The labia are sometimes called the vaginal lips. There are two pairs of labia — the labia majora, located on the outside of the vagina, and labia minora, which are the inner folds of skin that lead to the vagina.
Read on to learn more about swollen labia and what can be done to prevent or treat this issue.
Share on PinterestSymptoms of infected labia may include a burning sensation, pain, itching, and redness.
In addition to the swollen labia, the following symptoms may suggest an infection or another underlying medical problem:
- a feeling of hotness around the genital area
- bump on the labia
- burning
- itching
- pain
- redness
- strong or foul odor from the vagina
- unusual vaginal discharge
Common causes of swollen labia include:
Yeast infection
The majority of women — almost 75 percent — will experience a yeast infection at least once in their lives.
Symptoms of a yeast infection include:
- burning
- itching
- swelling
- white discharge that may be thick and lumpy
Conditions that increase the risk of a yeast infection include pregnancy, uncontrolled diabetes, and having a weakened immune system.
Certain medications, including steroids, antibiotics, and oral birth control pills, also increase the risk.
Bacterial vaginosis
Bacterial vaginosis (BV) affects approximately 30 percent of women of childbearing age and is caused by an imbalance of bacteria in the vagina.
Symptoms include swollen labia, a green or gray discharge, and a fish-like odor. However, many women with a bacterial imbalance may not experience any symptoms.
Factors that increase the risk of BV include:
- douching
- having a new sexual partner
- having multiple sexual partners
Trichomoniasis
This sexually transmitted infection (STI) affects approximately 3 percent of women of childbearing age. Many women with the infection do not show symptoms.
Those who do may experience:
- irritation and itching of the vulva
- painful urination
- swollen labia
- vaginal odor
- yellow-green discharge
Having a history of STIs or multiple sexual partners increases the risk of getting trichomoniasis.
Allergies or irritation
If no infection is present, swollen labia may have been caused by contact with an irritating product or allergen.
Substances that may trigger swelling include:
- chemicals in fabrics
- fragrances in detergents and soaps
- latex in condoms
- spermicides
Bartholin’s cyst
Bartholin’s glands are located on either side of the vaginal opening. These glands can become blocked and cause swelling in and around the vagina.
While this swelling does not usually cause other symptoms, it may lead to an infection and cause pain and a buildup of pus.
Around 2 percent of women will experience a Bartholin’s cyst. These cysts usually occur in women in their 20s and the risk decreases with age.
Sexual intercourse
Sexual intercourse without adequate lubrication — either from the vagina itself or a lubricating product — can cause friction.
This friction can damage the vaginal area and labia, leading to swelling and discomfort.
Share on PinterestThe cause of swollen labia may be diagnosed in a variety of ways.
One or more of the following may be used to diagnose the cause of swollen labia:
- medical and sexual history
- complete list of symptoms
- physical examination
- vaginal or vulvar swab
- tissue sample
- urine analysis
Further tests may be used depending on the individual’s symptoms and initial test results.
Women with swollen labia should see a doctor if the swelling worsens over time or is accompanied by any of the following:
- a lump or bump on the labia
- itching
- pain that persists or is severe
- a strong smell from the vagina
- unusual vaginal discharge
The treatment for swollen labia will depend on the underlying cause. Treatment options include:
Medication and surgical intervention
Steroid creams may be beneficial for those with swelling caused by allergies or sexual intercourse.
Women with a yeast infection may need to take an over-the-counter or prescription antifungal medication, which may be applied topically or taken orally.
Swollen labia caused by bacterial infections such as bacterial vaginosis or trichomoniasis can be treated with antibiotics.
Bartholin’s cysts do not always require treatment. However, some will require antibiotics, surgical drainage, or even surgical removal.
Home remedies
Share on PinterestApple cider vinegar is a popular home remedy for yeast infections.
Home remedies for swollen labia include:
- Cool compresses: Applying a cool compress to the labia can reduce swelling. This can be repeated several times a day. Cool compresses are available to purchase online.
- Sitz baths: Bartholin’s cysts may be treated at home with sitz baths. This involves sitting in a bathtub filled with a few inches of warm water. Taking a sitz bath several times a day for up to 4 days can encourage a small cyst to drain.
- Probiotics: Some research suggests that probiotic supplements may treat or prevent vaginal infections. Regularly consuming probiotic-rich foods, such as natural yogurt and kefir, may also be beneficial.
- Apple cider vinegar: Drinking 1 to 2 tablespoons of apple cider vinegar in a glass of water up to three times daily is a popular home remedy for yeast infections. Apple cider vinegar is available to buy in supermarkets, health stores, and online.
- Garlic: A natural antifungal, garlic is often touted as a remedy for vaginal infections. Although more research is needed to determine if it is effective, one study did find that a vaginal cream made with garlic and thyme was as effective for yeast infections as an antifungal medication.
- Reducing sugar intake: High-sugar diets are thought to play a role in some recurrent yeast infections. Therefore, it may be helpful to avoid sugar, processed foods, and fruit juices when experiencing a yeast infection.
- Removing allergens and irritants: Swollen labia caused by particular substances may subside once the allergen or irritant is removed. These products can include soaps, detergents, clothing, and contraceptives.
There are several steps a person can take to prevent swollen labia, including:
- practicing good hygiene
- using pads instead of tampons
- not douching
- wearing loose clothing
- wearing cotton underwear
- wiping from front to back
- avoiding perfumed products
- only using antibiotics when necessary
- taking probiotics
- using barrier contraception
- using lubrication during sexual activity
For most women, swollen labia do not indicate a serious condition. However, anyone experiencing swelling that persists or is accompanied by other symptoms should see a doctor.
There are many medical treatments for swollen labia, depending on the underlying cause. Several home remedies can also effectively manage or alleviate symptoms.
To prevent swollen labia and other genital problems, practice good hygiene, use contraception, and avoid irritating products and clothing.
Swollen labia: Causes, symptoms, and treatment
We include products we think are useful for our readers. If you buy through links on this page, we may earn a small commission Here’s our process.
Medical News Today only shows you brands and products that we stand behind.
Our team thoroughly researches and evaluates the recommendations we make on our site. To establish that the product manufacturers addressed safety and efficacy standards, we:
- Evaluate ingredients and composition: Do they have the potential to cause harm?
- Fact-check all health claims: Do they align with the current body of scientific evidence?
- Assess the brand: Does it operate with integrity and adhere to industry best practices?
We do the research so you can find trusted products for your health and wellness.
Read more about our vetting process.
Was this helpful?
The labia protect the clitoris, vagina, and urethra from infection and damage. Various conditions can cause swollen labia, including infections and cysts. Cool compresses, dietary changes, and steroid creams may help relieve discomfort, depending on the cause.
The labia are sometimes called the vaginal lips. There are two pairs of labia — the labia majora, located on the outside of the vagina, and labia minora, which are the inner folds of skin that lead to the vagina.
Read on to learn more about swollen labia and what can be done to prevent or treat this issue.
Share on PinterestSymptoms of infected labia may include a burning sensation, pain, itching, and redness.
In addition to the swollen labia, the following symptoms may suggest an infection or another underlying medical problem:
- a feeling of hotness around the genital area
- bump on the labia
- burning
- itching
- pain
- redness
- strong or foul odor from the vagina
- unusual vaginal discharge
Common causes of swollen labia include:
Yeast infection
The majority of women — almost 75 percent — will experience a yeast infection at least once in their lives.
Symptoms of a yeast infection include:
- burning
- itching
- swelling
- white discharge that may be thick and lumpy
Conditions that increase the risk of a yeast infection include pregnancy, uncontrolled diabetes, and having a weakened immune system.
Certain medications, including steroids, antibiotics, and oral birth control pills, also increase the risk.
Bacterial vaginosis
Bacterial vaginosis (BV) affects approximately 30 percent of women of childbearing age and is caused by an imbalance of bacteria in the vagina.
Symptoms include swollen labia, a green or gray discharge, and a fish-like odor. However, many women with a bacterial imbalance may not experience any symptoms.
Factors that increase the risk of BV include:
- douching
- having a new sexual partner
- having multiple sexual partners
Trichomoniasis
This sexually transmitted infection (STI) affects approximately 3 percent of women of childbearing age. Many women with the infection do not show symptoms.
Those who do may experience:
- irritation and itching of the vulva
- painful urination
- swollen labia
- vaginal odor
- yellow-green discharge
Having a history of STIs or multiple sexual partners increases the risk of getting trichomoniasis.
Allergies or irritation
If no infection is present, swollen labia may have been caused by contact with an irritating product or allergen.
Substances that may trigger swelling include:
- chemicals in fabrics
- fragrances in detergents and soaps
- latex in condoms
- spermicides
Bartholin’s cyst
Bartholin’s glands are located on either side of the vaginal opening. These glands can become blocked and cause swelling in and around the vagina.
While this swelling does not usually cause other symptoms, it may lead to an infection and cause pain and a buildup of pus.
Around 2 percent of women will experience a Bartholin’s cyst. These cysts usually occur in women in their 20s and the risk decreases with age.
Sexual intercourse
Sexual intercourse without adequate lubrication — either from the vagina itself or a lubricating product — can cause friction.
This friction can damage the vaginal area and labia, leading to swelling and discomfort.
Share on PinterestThe cause of swollen labia may be diagnosed in a variety of ways.
One or more of the following may be used to diagnose the cause of swollen labia:
- medical and sexual history
- complete list of symptoms
- physical examination
- vaginal or vulvar swab
- tissue sample
- urine analysis
Further tests may be used depending on the individual’s symptoms and initial test results.
Women with swollen labia should see a doctor if the swelling worsens over time or is accompanied by any of the following:
- a lump or bump on the labia
- itching
- pain that persists or is severe
- a strong smell from the vagina
- unusual vaginal discharge
The treatment for swollen labia will depend on the underlying cause. Treatment options include:
Medication and surgical intervention
Steroid creams may be beneficial for those with swelling caused by allergies or sexual intercourse.
Women with a yeast infection may need to take an over-the-counter or prescription antifungal medication, which may be applied topically or taken orally.
Swollen labia caused by bacterial infections such as bacterial vaginosis or trichomoniasis can be treated with antibiotics.
Bartholin’s cysts do not always require treatment. However, some will require antibiotics, surgical drainage, or even surgical removal.
Home remedies
Share on PinterestApple cider vinegar is a popular home remedy for yeast infections.
Home remedies for swollen labia include:
- Cool compresses: Applying a cool compress to the labia can reduce swelling. This can be repeated several times a day. Cool compresses are available to purchase online.
- Sitz baths: Bartholin’s cysts may be treated at home with sitz baths. This involves sitting in a bathtub filled with a few inches of warm water. Taking a sitz bath several times a day for up to 4 days can encourage a small cyst to drain.
- Probiotics: Some research suggests that probiotic supplements may treat or prevent vaginal infections. Regularly consuming probiotic-rich foods, such as natural yogurt and kefir, may also be beneficial.
- Apple cider vinegar: Drinking 1 to 2 tablespoons of apple cider vinegar in a glass of water up to three times daily is a popular home remedy for yeast infections. Apple cider vinegar is available to buy in supermarkets, health stores, and online.
- Garlic: A natural antifungal, garlic is often touted as a remedy for vaginal infections. Although more research is needed to determine if it is effective, one study did find that a vaginal cream made with garlic and thyme was as effective for yeast infections as an antifungal medication.
- Reducing sugar intake: High-sugar diets are thought to play a role in some recurrent yeast infections. Therefore, it may be helpful to avoid sugar, processed foods, and fruit juices when experiencing a yeast infection.
- Removing allergens and irritants: Swollen labia caused by particular substances may subside once the allergen or irritant is removed. These products can include soaps, detergents, clothing, and contraceptives.
There are several steps a person can take to prevent swollen labia, including:
- practicing good hygiene
- using pads instead of tampons
- not douching
- wearing loose clothing
- wearing cotton underwear
- wiping from front to back
- avoiding perfumed products
- only using antibiotics when necessary
- taking probiotics
- using barrier contraception
- using lubrication during sexual activity
For most women, swollen labia do not indicate a serious condition. However, anyone experiencing swelling that persists or is accompanied by other symptoms should see a doctor.
There are many medical treatments for swollen labia, depending on the underlying cause. Several home remedies can also effectively manage or alleviate symptoms.
To prevent swollen labia and other genital problems, practice good hygiene, use contraception, and avoid irritating products and clothing.
Swelling of the labia – causes, diagnosis and treatment
Swelling of the labia is observed in inflammatory diseases of the vulva, vagina, Bartholin glands, Can develop with candidiasis, nonspecific and specific infections, genital allergies, vulvodynia, neoplasms of the genital organs. Sometimes it becomes a consequence of urological pathologies, anasarca. The cause of the symptom is established according to the survey, gynecological examination, colposcopy, ultrasound, laboratory tests. Treatment includes antimicrobial, antihistamine, hormonal agents, physiotherapy, and surgical interventions.
Why labia swell up
Physiological causes
Sometimes swelling is caused by wearing uncomfortable or irritating underwear. Shaving, various types of epilation of the intimate zone can act as a provoking factor. The labia is abundantly supplied with blood, against the background of arousal, blood rushes to the erogenous zones, so swelling occurs during sexual intercourse, masturbation, and erotic fantasies. The normal appearance of the external genital organs is restored within 1-2 hours, with prolonged stimulation, the presence of certain individual characteristics, changes can persist up to 10-12 hours.
Pregnancy and childbirth
Swelling of the labia during gestation is more noticeable in the second and third trimester, due to increased blood circulation in the pelvis. The labia looks somewhat edematous, there are no pathological discharges, and there is no unpleasant odor. Another possible cause of the symptom is varicose veins of the labia due to uterine pressure. Swelling of the perineal area after childbirth is associated with the passage of the fetus through the birth canal, disappears within 2-3 weeks.
Diseases of the Bartholin’s gland
The first symptoms of bartholinitis are limited swelling and hyperemia of the labia minora in the exit zone of the duct of the Bartholin’s gland. Then the lower third of the labia majora swells on the same side, scanty purulent or serous discharge appears. There may be malaise, fever to subfebrile numbers, slight discomfort while walking.
With the formation of an abscess of the Bartholin’s gland, the edema rapidly increases and becomes diffuse. A woman complains of intense jerking pains, aggravated by sitting and walking. The pain syndrome is slightly reduced in the supine position with legs apart. Body temperature rises to febrile figures. On palpation, a sharply painful elastic tumor-like formation is determined, sometimes reaching the size of a chicken egg.
Small Bartholin gland cysts are asymptomatic. With an increase in education, there is a sensation of a foreign body in the perineal area, the likelihood of trauma, the development of an inflammatory process increases. Inflammation of the cyst and surrounding tissues is accompanied by swelling of the labia on the side of the lesion.
Inflammatory diseases
In acute vulvitis, severe swelling, hyperemia of the clitoris and labia are observed. Perhaps the formation of erosions and ulcers, the spread of inflammation to the region of the inguinal folds, the inner surface of the thighs. Patients complain of burning, itching, pain, which are aggravated by movement and touch. Infection with cocci is accompanied by profuse whitish-yellowish leucorrhoea. With candidiasis, the discharge is cheesy, white, in the form of loose flakes.
Along with non-specific pathogens, vulvitis in girls can be caused by helminths. In chronic vulvitis in children and adults, all manifestations are smoothed out, swelling is moderate. In women with acute vaginitis, swelling of the labia is due to intense inflammation, reactive edema of adjacent anatomical zones.
When the process spreads from the vagina to the external genitalia, vulvovaginitis develops. Whiteness, irritation, a feeling of pressure and fullness, pain during urination and sexual intercourse, characteristic of vaginitis, are complemented by symptoms of vulvitis. General deterioration is rare.
Specific infections
Vaginitis, vulvitis, vulvovaginitis can be caused by both non-specific and specific flora. An important sign that helps determine the cause of inflammatory edema is the type of leucorrhoea. Gonorrhea is accompanied by the appearance of a thick purulent white-yellow discharge. With trichomoniasis, the discharge is frothy, yellowish-green. In patients with gardnerellosis, the leucorrhoea is transparent, with an unpleasant fishy odor.
In primary syphilis, in contrast to the diseases listed above, there is no widespread edema. When a hard chancre is located on the labia in this anatomical zone, a painless or slightly painful rounded red erosion with a dense infiltrate at the base is revealed. An atypical variant of a hard chancre is an indurated edema – an area of so high density that pressure with a finger does not cause a depression.
Kraurosis of the vulva
At the initial stage of the disease, edema, redness of the labia majora and minor, paresthesia, symptoms of vulvodynia are detected. Subsequently, the swelling disappears, the skin and mucous membranes become rough, dry, wrinkled. The leading place in the clinical picture of kraurosis is occupied by persistent paroxysmal itching. Dyspareunia, urination and defecation disorders are possible.
Genital allergy
Allergic reactions may occur to drugs, vaginal contraceptives, male semen, cosmetics and hygiene products. The perineum, perianal region are affected. The most persistent symptoms are pruritus and erythema. The swelling is associated with a burning sensation in the vagina, worse after intercourse. Symptoms disappear 2-3 days after contact with the allergen is stopped.
Toxic shock syndrome
Swelling of the labia occurs in one third of menstruating women with toxic shock syndrome. Chills, weakness, fever, muscle pain, diarrhea, repeated vomiting, specific skin rashes resembling a sunburn are detected. In severe cases, signs of damage to the respiratory system, liver and kidneys are found: transient pain in the abdomen and lower back, shortness of breath, cloudy urine, yellowness of the skin.
Tumors of the vulva
Small benign tumors are typically asymptomatic. With large neoplasia, there is a feeling of a foreign object in the perineum. Swelling of the vulva is observed with traumatization, inflammation, suppuration of tumors, complemented by pain syndrome. With a pronounced inflammatory process, weakness, weakness, and general hyperthermia are possible.
Vulvar cancer in the early stages is manifested by paroxysmal itching and burning, worse at night. There is swelling, pain, bloody, serous or purulent discharge. Weeping is observed, ulcerations form on the skin. In the later stages, swelling spreads to the pubic area and lower limbs, supplemented by constipation, urinary disorders.
Other causes
Swelling of the labia zone can be provoked by common infectious diseases, pathologies of blood vessels and internal organs. As the cause of the symptom are:
- Diphtheria. The anal-genital form of the disease is rare, affecting the vagina, but may spread to the vulva and perineum. Hyperemia, edema, hemorrhagic discharge are observed.
- Varicose veins of the small pelvis. Swelling is accompanied by itching, heaviness, discomfort, bursting pains in the area of the labia. Spontaneous or post-traumatic bleeding is possible.
- Protrusion of the urethral mucosa. Sensation of a foreign object, pain and burning in the area of the exit of the urethra are revealed. The frenulum of the clitoris, the labia minora turn red, swell. Urgent urges, urinary incontinence are possible.
- Adenocarcinoma of the kidney. Swelling is due to the germination of venous vessels in the lumbar region, followed by varicose veins in the labia.
- Anasarka. Develops in severe diseases of the heart, kidneys, liver, malignant tumors, exudative enteropathy. There is total edema, rapid weight gain. Severe swelling of the genital organs is due to abundant blood supply, friability of tissues.
Diagnosis
The gynecologist determines the cause of the swelling. During the examination, a detailed study of the state of the external and internal genital organs is carried out, instrumental and laboratory diagnostic techniques are used. The most informative are the following procedures:
- Vaginal examination. Examination of the vulva is performed without additional devices; special mirrors are used to examine the vagina and cervix. The specialist reveals volumetric formations, signs of inflammation or atrophy, examines the mouth of the urethra, the excretory ducts of the Bartholin glands.
- Colposcopy. Recommended for inflammatory and non-inflammatory lesions of the vagina, performed to clarify the prevalence, differentiation of the pathological process. Supplemented by the Schiller test, a test with acetic acid.
- Gynecological ultrasound. It is carried out to exclude diseases of the uterus and appendages, causing the appearance of secretions, secondary irritation of the vulva and vagina with the development of vulvitis or vulvovaginitis.
- Bacterioscopic analysis . In the presence of an inflammatory process in the smear, leukocytosis and changes in the composition of the microflora are detected. Perhaps the predominance of cocci, the detection of mycelium, fungal cells.
- Bacteriological analysis . According to the results of sowing on nutrient media, the nature and antibiotic sensitivity of the microflora are determined. In the case of candidiasis, the subspecies of fungi is specified, their sensitivity to antimycotic agents.
- PCR diagnostics . It is prescribed for suspected STIs. The method allows you to establish the nature of the infectious lesion, detects trichomonas, gonococci, gardnerella, HPV, herpes simplex virus, and other pathogens.
- Biopsy of the vulva. Required for tumor-like formations, ulcers, erosions, foci of atrophy. The resulting material is sent for cytological or histological examination to exclude malignant processes, clarify the nature of morphological changes.
- Other laboratory tests . Tests for syphilis are part of the mandatory screening. Additionally, clinical and biochemical blood and urine tests, allergy tests, and other tests may be prescribed.
Treatment
Pre-hospital care
Avoiding uncomfortable underwear, irritating the skin and mucous membranes of intimate hygiene products helps to reduce swelling of the vulva. Regular hygiene procedures are required. In inflammatory processes, baths with decoctions of herbs, antiseptic solutions are shown. With an intense pain syndrome, a single dose of an analgesic is acceptable. Increasing edema, fetid or bloody discharge, severe pain, general condition disorders are the reason for an immediate appeal to a gynecologist.
Conservative therapy
The treatment plan is made individually after determining the cause of swelling, a comprehensive assessment of the condition of the reproductive organs. Etiopathogenetic and symptomatic agents are used. Drug therapy is supplemented with physiotherapeutic procedures, local techniques. With STIs, drugs are simultaneously prescribed to both sexual partners. The medicines of the following groups are used:
- Antimicrobial . Depending on the identified pathogen, antibiotics, antimycotic, anthelmintic or antiprotozoal drugs are prescribed.
- Antihistamines . Indicated for allergic reactions, severe itching. They help reduce inflammation, alleviate the patient’s condition.
- Hormonal . Local treatment with hormonal ointments is carried out with kraurosis of the vulva, atrophic vulvitis in women of premenopausal age.
- Local . Taking into account the etiology of the disease, intravaginal suppositories, tablets, suspensions with antimycotics and antibiotics can be used. To restore the vaginal microflora, suppositories with acidophilus bacteria are recommended.
Patients with acute vulvitis are prescribed SMT, UHF, UVI. In chronic inflammation, mud applications, ozocerite, paraffin, and infrared laser treatment are effective. Women with vulvar cancer undergo chemotherapy, photodynamic therapy.
Surgical treatment
For pathologies of the Bartholin glands, open abscesses, marsupialization, removal of a cyst or excision of the gland. Indications for surgical interventions for benign neoplasia are the rapid growth of the neoplasm, the risk of malignancy, the woman’s physical and psychological discomfort. Exophytic tumors are excised at the base, endophytic formations are husked. For cancer of the vulva, vulvectomy and lymphadenectomy are performed.
Swelling of the labia – causes, diagnosis and treatment
Swelling of the labia observed in inflammatory diseases of the vulva, vagina, Bartholin’s glands, can develop with candidiasis, nonspecific and specific infections, genital allergies, vulvodynia, neoplasms of the genital organs. Sometimes it becomes a consequence of urological pathologies, anasarca. The cause of the symptom is established according to the survey, gynecological examination, colposcopy, ultrasound, laboratory tests. Treatment includes antimicrobial, antihistamine, hormonal agents, physiotherapy, and surgical interventions.
Why labia swell up
Physiological causes
Sometimes swelling is caused by wearing uncomfortable or irritating underwear. Shaving, various types of epilation of the intimate zone can act as a provoking factor. The labia is abundantly supplied with blood, against the background of arousal, blood rushes to the erogenous zones, so swelling occurs during sexual intercourse, masturbation, and erotic fantasies. The normal appearance of the external genital organs is restored within 1-2 hours, with prolonged stimulation, the presence of certain individual characteristics, changes can persist up to 10-12 hours.
Pregnancy and childbirth
Swelling of the labia during gestation is more noticeable in the second and third trimester, due to increased blood circulation in the pelvis. The labia looks somewhat edematous, there are no pathological discharges, and there is no unpleasant odor. Another possible cause of the symptom is varicose veins of the labia due to uterine pressure. Swelling of the perineal area after childbirth is associated with the passage of the fetus through the birth canal, disappears within 2-3 weeks.
Diseases of the Bartholin’s gland
The first symptoms of bartholinitis are limited swelling and hyperemia of the labia minora in the exit zone of the duct of the Bartholin’s gland. Then the lower third of the labia majora swells on the same side, scanty purulent or serous discharge appears. There may be malaise, fever to subfebrile numbers, slight discomfort while walking.
With the formation of an abscess of the Bartholin’s gland, the edema rapidly increases and becomes diffuse. A woman complains of intense jerking pains, aggravated by sitting and walking. The pain syndrome is slightly reduced in the supine position with legs apart. Body temperature rises to febrile figures. On palpation, a sharply painful elastic tumor-like formation is determined, sometimes reaching the size of a chicken egg.
Small Bartholin gland cysts are asymptomatic. With an increase in education, there is a sensation of a foreign body in the perineal area, the likelihood of trauma, the development of an inflammatory process increases. Inflammation of the cyst and surrounding tissues is accompanied by swelling of the labia on the side of the lesion.
Inflammatory diseases
In acute vulvitis, severe swelling, hyperemia of the clitoris and labia are observed. Perhaps the formation of erosions and ulcers, the spread of inflammation to the region of the inguinal folds, the inner surface of the thighs. Patients complain of burning, itching, pain, which are aggravated by movement and touch. Infection with cocci is accompanied by profuse whitish-yellowish leucorrhoea. With candidiasis, the discharge is cheesy, white, in the form of loose flakes.
Along with non-specific pathogens, vulvitis in girls can be caused by helminths. In chronic vulvitis in children and adults, all manifestations are smoothed out, swelling is moderate. In women with acute vaginitis, swelling of the labia is due to intense inflammation, reactive edema of adjacent anatomical zones.
When the process spreads from the vagina to the external genitalia, vulvovaginitis develops. Whiteness, irritation, a feeling of pressure and fullness, pain during urination and sexual intercourse, characteristic of vaginitis, are complemented by symptoms of vulvitis. General deterioration is rare.
Specific infections
Vaginitis, vulvitis, vulvovaginitis can be caused by both non-specific and specific flora. An important sign that helps determine the cause of inflammatory edema is the type of leucorrhoea. Gonorrhea is accompanied by the appearance of a thick purulent white-yellow discharge. With trichomoniasis, the discharge is frothy, yellowish-green. In patients with gardnerellosis, the leucorrhoea is transparent, with an unpleasant fishy odor.
In primary syphilis, in contrast to the diseases listed above, there is no widespread edema. When a hard chancre is located on the labia in this anatomical zone, a painless or slightly painful rounded red erosion with a dense infiltrate at the base is revealed. An atypical variant of a hard chancre is an indurated edema – an area of so high density that pressure with a finger does not cause a depression.
Kraurosis of the vulva
At the initial stage of the disease, edema, redness of the labia majora and minor, paresthesia, symptoms of vulvodynia are detected. Subsequently, the swelling disappears, the skin and mucous membranes become rough, dry, wrinkled. The leading place in the clinical picture of kraurosis is occupied by persistent paroxysmal itching. Dyspareunia, urination and defecation disorders are possible.
Genital allergy
Allergic reactions may occur to drugs, vaginal contraceptives, male semen, cosmetics and hygiene products. The perineum, perianal region are affected. The most persistent symptoms are pruritus and erythema. The swelling is associated with a burning sensation in the vagina, worse after intercourse. Symptoms disappear 2-3 days after contact with the allergen is stopped.
Toxic shock syndrome
Swelling of the labia occurs in one third of menstruating women with toxic shock syndrome. Chills, weakness, fever, muscle pain, diarrhea, repeated vomiting, specific skin rashes resembling a sunburn are detected. In severe cases, signs of damage to the respiratory system, liver and kidneys are found: transient pain in the abdomen and lower back, shortness of breath, cloudy urine, yellowness of the skin.
Tumors of the vulva
Small benign tumors are typically asymptomatic. With large neoplasia, there is a feeling of a foreign object in the perineum. Swelling of the vulva is observed with traumatization, inflammation, suppuration of tumors, complemented by pain syndrome. With a pronounced inflammatory process, weakness, weakness, and general hyperthermia are possible.
Vulvar cancer in the early stages is manifested by paroxysmal itching and burning, worse at night. There is swelling, pain, bloody, serous or purulent discharge. Weeping is observed, ulcerations form on the skin. In the later stages, swelling spreads to the pubic area and lower limbs, supplemented by constipation, urinary disorders.
Other causes
Swelling of the labia zone can be provoked by common infectious diseases, pathologies of blood vessels and internal organs. As the cause of the symptom are:
- Diphtheria. The anal-genital form of the disease is rare, affecting the vagina, but may spread to the vulva and perineum. Hyperemia, edema, hemorrhagic discharge are observed.
- Varicose veins of the small pelvis. Swelling is accompanied by itching, heaviness, discomfort, bursting pains in the area of the labia. Spontaneous or post-traumatic bleeding is possible.
- Protrusion of the urethral mucosa. Sensation of a foreign object, pain and burning in the area of the exit of the urethra are revealed. The frenulum of the clitoris, the labia minora turn red, swell. Urgent urges, urinary incontinence are possible.
- Adenocarcinoma of the kidney. Swelling is due to the germination of venous vessels in the lumbar region, followed by varicose veins in the labia.
- Anasarka. Develops in severe diseases of the heart, kidneys, liver, malignant tumors, exudative enteropathy. There is total edema, rapid weight gain. Severe swelling of the genital organs is due to abundant blood supply, friability of tissues.
Diagnosis
The gynecologist determines the cause of the swelling. During the examination, a detailed study of the state of the external and internal genital organs is carried out, instrumental and laboratory diagnostic techniques are used. The most informative are the following procedures:
- Vaginal examination. Examination of the vulva is performed without additional devices; special mirrors are used to examine the vagina and cervix. The specialist reveals volumetric formations, signs of inflammation or atrophy, examines the mouth of the urethra, the excretory ducts of the Bartholin glands.
- Colposcopy. Recommended for inflammatory and non-inflammatory lesions of the vagina, performed to clarify the prevalence, differentiation of the pathological process. Supplemented by the Schiller test, a test with acetic acid.
- Gynecological ultrasound. It is carried out to exclude diseases of the uterus and appendages, causing the appearance of secretions, secondary irritation of the vulva and vagina with the development of vulvitis or vulvovaginitis.
- Bacterioscopic analysis . In the presence of an inflammatory process in the smear, leukocytosis and changes in the composition of the microflora are detected. Perhaps the predominance of cocci, the detection of mycelium, fungal cells.
- Bacteriological analysis . According to the results of sowing on nutrient media, the nature and antibiotic sensitivity of the microflora are determined. In the case of candidiasis, the subspecies of fungi is specified, their sensitivity to antimycotic agents.
- PCR diagnostics . It is prescribed for suspected STIs. The method allows you to establish the nature of the infectious lesion, detects trichomonas, gonococci, gardnerella, HPV, herpes simplex virus, and other pathogens.
- Biopsy of the vulva. Required for tumor-like formations, ulcers, erosions, foci of atrophy. The resulting material is sent for cytological or histological examination to exclude malignant processes, clarify the nature of morphological changes.
- Other laboratory tests . Tests for syphilis are part of the mandatory screening. Additionally, clinical and biochemical blood and urine tests, allergy tests, and other tests may be prescribed.
Treatment
Pre-hospital care
Avoiding uncomfortable underwear, irritating the skin and mucous membranes of intimate hygiene products helps to reduce swelling of the vulva. Regular hygiene procedures are required. In inflammatory processes, baths with decoctions of herbs, antiseptic solutions are shown. With an intense pain syndrome, a single dose of an analgesic is acceptable. Increasing edema, fetid or bloody discharge, severe pain, general condition disorders are the reason for an immediate appeal to a gynecologist.
Conservative therapy
The treatment plan is made individually after determining the cause of swelling, a comprehensive assessment of the condition of the reproductive organs. Etiopathogenetic and symptomatic agents are used. Drug therapy is supplemented with physiotherapeutic procedures, local techniques. With STIs, drugs are simultaneously prescribed to both sexual partners. The medicines of the following groups are used:
- Antimicrobial . Depending on the identified pathogen, antibiotics, antimycotic, anthelmintic or antiprotozoal drugs are prescribed.
- Antihistamines . Indicated for allergic reactions, severe itching. They help reduce inflammation, alleviate the patient’s condition.
- Hormonal . Local treatment with hormonal ointments is carried out with kraurosis of the vulva, atrophic vulvitis in women of premenopausal age.
- Local . Taking into account the etiology of the disease, intravaginal suppositories, tablets, suspensions with antimycotics and antibiotics can be used. To restore the vaginal microflora, suppositories with acidophilus bacteria are recommended.
Patients with acute vulvitis are prescribed SMT, UHF, UVI. In chronic inflammation, mud applications, ozocerite, paraffin, and infrared laser treatment are effective. Women with vulvar cancer undergo chemotherapy, photodynamic therapy.
Surgical treatment
For pathologies of the Bartholin glands, open abscesses, marsupialization, removal of a cyst or excision of the gland.