Urology | Scrotal And Testicular Conditions Signs & Symptoms

The signs and symptoms of testicular and scrotal conditions

vary depending upon the condition, but there are a few symptoms that are common to many conditions. The most common signs and symptoms include:

• Pain in the testicles or scrotum
• Swelling of the testicles or scrotum
• Lower abdominal or groin pain
• Heavy or achy feeling in the lower abdomen, groin or testicles
• Tenderness or soreness in the testicles and/or scrotum

Symptoms of specific testicular conditions

Testicular torsion

The most obvious symptom of testicular torsion is severe testicular pain that begins very suddenly. Usually only one testicle is involved, so the pain may feel one-sided. Other signs and symptoms that often accompany testicular torsion are:

• Tenderness in the scrotum or testicles
• Swelling or redness in the scrotum or testicles
• Nausea and vomiting
• Abdominal pain
• Fever
• Elevation of the affected testicle (one testicle is resting higher than the other)

Testicular torsion is a medical emergency and must be treated quickly in order to save the testicle

. If you have any testicular pain, especially if it’s severe and comes on suddenly, seek emergency medical treatment.

Epididymitis

Usually, the pain of epididymitis starts slowly and builds gradually. Pain can range from mild to severe. Other signs and symptoms may include:

• Tenderness of the scrotum and/or testicles
• Swelling or redness in the scrotum or testicles
• Nausea and vomiting
• Abdominal pain
• Fever
• Discharge from the penis
• Burning during urination
• Feeling the need to urinate frequently and/or urgently

Because some symptoms of epididymitis can be similar to those of testicular torsion, it’s important to let your doctor know how your symptoms started and how quickly they progressed to help him or her make an accurate diagnosis.

Hydrocele

Typically, the only symptom of a hydrocele is swelling in the scrotum. It doesn’t usually cause pain. However there are serious testicular and scrotal conditions that also cause swelling, so if you notice testicular or scrotal swelling, contact your doctor.

Varicocele

A varicocele doesn’t always cause symptoms. If it does cause symptoms, they may include swelling or pain and discomfort in the scrotum.

Orchitis

The symptoms of orchitis usually include sudden onset of the following symptoms:

• Testicular or scrotal pain that can range from mild to severe
• Swelling in one or both testicles
• Tenderness in one or both testicles
• Nausea and vomiting
• Fever

Hypogonadism

Hypogonadism in adult males can cause signs and symptoms, such as:

Testicular cancer

Signs and symptoms of testicular cancer include:

• A lump in either testicle
• A change in size or texture of your testicle
• A dull ache or mild pain in the lower abdomen, back or groin
• A heavy feeling in the scrotum
• Pain (rarely)

Learn more about testicular cancer and how it is diagnosed and treated.

If you ever experience testicular pain, it’s important to seek medical attention immediately.

Although most causes of testicular pain are not urgent, some can be severe and even life threatening. If you have other symptoms of testicular or scrotal conditions, contact your doctor to make an appointment.

Learn more about scrotal and testicular conditions:

Lower Back and Testicle Pain when Sitting: Middle-Aged Men Problems

There is a surprising fact that we found in some forums about lower back and testicle pain when sitting.

This is actually one thing that seized so much attention. Lower back and testicle pain when sitting is almost experienced by middle-aged men.

Do a brief search, and we bet you will get the same result.

As we know, back pain is a fairly common complaint suffered by many people, especially those who are active. The pain could spread radiating from the upper body along the spine, the area of the abdomen, or lower body such as the hips and thighs.

Related posts:

A short explanation about lower back pain and testicle pain

Generally, lower back pain can be felt along the spine towards the tailbone. Sometimes comes and goes and tends to worsen at night.

First of all, you should not be worry too much. Almost all kinds of back pain are generally influenced by posture and physical activity.

Daily activities such as push, pull, lift weights, standing, or sitting with a slouched position for a long time, are the biggest reasons.

It also can be caused by a muscle sprain or strain, excessive exercise, and abnormalities of the spine.

However, there are several chronic conditions that can cause back pain along with a testicle pain, such as; epididymitis, epididymal cysts, hernia, inguinal, orchitis, twisted testicles, urinary tract infection (UTI), urinary tract stones, testicular cancer, and lumbar spondylolisthesis.

Possible causes (rare cases) of testicle pain which has symptoms associated with lower back pain include:

1.

Epididymis Cysts

This condition occurs because of the bulge that filled with fluid in the epididymis ducts. While experiencing early epididymis cysts, the patient often does not feel it. It appears when its size is already larger, like wisps of soft at the top or bottom of the testicle.

2. Epididymitis

A condition in which there is inflammation of the epididymis that can cause swelling in the scrotum. This condition causes the entire scrotum to become red.

In some cases, Epididymitis is caused by bacteria, the same as sexually transmitted diseases. When the testicles are also infected, then the condition is called epididymal-orchitis.

3. Diabetic neuropathy

This condition occurs when the testicle pain caused by nerve damage due to diabetes. As mentioned above, certain nerves the problem could be a trigger that causing you to feel low back pain radiating towards the testicle area.

4. Hydrocele

A hydrocele is an inhibit fluid around the testicle, which is generally painless and harmless. However, this fluid buildup can make the scrotum to swell up and cause discomfort.

5. Inguinal hernia

This type of hernia occurred when part of the intestine came out of the abdominal cavity through the abdominal wall under the direction around the genitals.

This makes the appearance of lumps on the scrotum, causing the scrotum to become enlarged and feel hurt or burning.

6. Kidney stones

Symptoms of a kidney stone that usually occurs are tremendous pain (urinary colic) which come and go and usually moves from the lower side of the back (flank) to the bottom of the belly (abdomen).

Other common kidney stone symptoms, including pain in the lower right or left-back, thigh, groin, and the genital area.

7. Inflammation of the testicles or orchitis

Orchitis is an inflammation or acute inflammatory on the testicles which usually occurs as a secondary reaction of infections in other parts of the body.

Orchitis can be triggered either by a virus or bacteria.

8. A urinary tract infection

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a condition when the organs are included in the urinary system, i.e., kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra, suffered an infection.

In people with urinary tract infection, there are several additional symptoms like low back pain and pelvic pain.

9. Testicular cancer

Although testicular cancer is quite rare, this condition is most experienced in men ages ranging from 20-39 years, Medlineplus.com plus said.

Even though most lumps and swelling in the testicles is not necessarily the sign of cancer, the emergence of such symptoms should still be wary.

In many cases, the lump on a testicle occurs due to swelling of the veins or varicocele.
If not immediately treated, testicular cancer can spread to other parts of the body (metastatic).

When this condition occurs, then the other symptoms will also appear. Typically, testicular cancer will spread to the lymph nodes and then can spread to the abdomen or stomach, and lungs.

This cancer can also spread to the liver, bones, organs, and brain, though rarely occur.

Symptoms of metastatic cancer, among others, are:

• The cough that lasts a long time, accompanied by blood.
• Swelling or enlargement of the male breast.
• Shortness of breath and sore lower back.
• A lump or swelling of the neck section.
• Shortness of breath.

However, testicular cancer needs a complicated diagnosis and stages.

10. Lumbar spondylolisthesis

Spondylolisthesis refers to a condition when there are one or more vertebrae slips and cannot maintain their proper position.

Lumbar spondylolisthesis often occurs in the lower part of the spine. The condition can occur due to damages, heavy and repeated spine activities, or general wear and tear as a person gets older.

If the misplaced vertebrae put pressure on one of the spinal nerves, it generates lower back pain and can sometimes radiate down to the testicles or legs.

These indications may raise when a person is sitting or leaning forward.

Testicle pain and lower back when sitting could be related in some complicated ways

In either case, testicular pain and low back pain should be evaluated by different specialists. Urologists will be taking care of the testicle pain symptoms, as well as a physical therapist for the back pain.

To ensure the diagnosis, doctors need to do a medical interview followed by direct physical examination. Besides supporting the appropriate checks such as blood tests, x-rays of the spine, ultrasound, CT scan of the spine, and MRI of the spine is also required.

In many cases, testicular pain is the main symptom associated with lower back pain

A healthy testicle should be noticeably smooth without bulge or swelling. Because the testicle is highly sensitive, just a little bit of disruption can cause discomfort or pain in the testicles.

Moreover, the pain could be associated with a previous back injury. Certain nerves affect the back, causing you to feel pain in other areas. In this case, testicle.

The pain frequently can be started from within the testicle itself or from the tissues behind it, known as the epididymis.

Testicle pain is inevitably irritating

Usually, we often perceived lower back and testicle pain when sitting by the time the testicle touching the seat.

However, it also can be felt while lifting objects, walking, or at the time of urination.

We all agree that the most annoying thing about testicle pain when sitting is while we were driving a car or while working on the desk.

Things to do when having lower back and testicle pain when sitting

In summary, you can find a doctor or a physical therapist for a more accurate examination related to back pain. And see a urologist if you’re worried about testicular pain.

Generally, light pain in the testicles is not so severe, and it can be handled temporarily by medication, such as ibuprofen, aspirin, or paracetamol.

However, if the pain does not subside for a few days, recurring pain, or swelling in the testicles and surrounding areas, we recommend that you check with your doctor immediately.

Don’t ignore the pain that appears suddenly and severe testicular pain which accompanied by fever, nausea, or the presence of blood in the urine.

Resources:

• NCBI: Low back pain in older adults: risk factors, management options, and future directions. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5395891/
• MedlinePlus: Testicular Cancer. https://medlineplus.gov/testicularcancer.html
• Orthoinfo: https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases–conditions/spondylolysis-and-spondylolisthesis

Testicular Pain: Possible Causes & Treatments

Overview

What is testicular pain?

Testicular pain is a condition that can affect males at any age. The testicles (testes) are small egg-shaped reproductive (sex) organs inside a thin pouch of skin called the scrotum.

If you have testicular pain, you may feel it in one or both testicles. However, the pain may not actually be coming from your testicles themselves. The pain may be coming from another part of your body such as the stomach or groin. This type of pain is called referred pain.

Testicular pain can be either acute (sudden and short) or chronic (gradual and long-lasting). Aside from the sharp pain of sudden injury, your first symptom might be a dull ache that increases with time or with activity. Testicular pain can be severe because the testicles have many sensitive nerves.

You should get medical care if your pain lasts longer than an hour or if it’s unusually intense, as this could be a sign of an emergency condition called testicular torsion.

Who’s most at risk?

Boys and men of any age can get testicular pain. You may be at a higher risk for testicular pain if you do heavy physical work or if you play full-contact sports.

Is testicular pain a warning sign of testicular cancer?

Testicular pain can be a possible sign of testicular cancer, so if you don’t know why you have testicular pain be sure to seek medical attention.

Can testicular pain be caused by a sexually transmitted infection?

Sexually transmitted infections (like gonorrhea, syphilis and chlamydia) can affect multiple body parts, including the testicles. This can cause the testicles to become swollen or inflamed (a painful, burning feeling).

Possible Causes

What causes testicular pain?

The source of the testicular pain may be obvious if you have had a recent injury or an accident, but in other cases it may not be clear why you have pain.

Causes of testicular pain might include:

• ·Injury or trauma: An injury to your testicles may happen during sports, exercise or an accident.
• Orchitis: Inflammation (swelling and a burning sensation) in one or both testicles (orchitis) may be caused by a bacterial or a viral infection. In children, the mumps virus is also a possible cause of orchitis. In the case of mumps the swelling usually starts four to six days after the start of the mumps.
• Inguinal (groin) hernia: An inguinal hernia occurs when part of your intestine pushes through a weak part of your abdominal muscles near the groin. It’s usually not dangerous but it can be painful. If it is painful, you should seek immediate medical attention as you may require urgent surgery.
• Epididymitis: This condition is due to inflammation of the epididymis. The epididymis is a tightly coiled group of thin tubes carrying sperm from the testicles to the sperm duct and out of the body. Epididymitis symptoms include pain and inflammation. The scrotum may be swollen and hot to the touch. This can last for days to weeks. Chronic epididymitis lasts longer than six weeks.
• Spermatocele: A spermatocele is a space filled with fluid that can form inside the epididymis near the testicle. These cysts aren’t cancerous and are usually not painful, but at times they can grow to a large size and become uncomfortable.
• Hydrocele: A hydrocele forms when fluid builds up around the testicles. Hydroceles are common, and sometimes they can cause pain or become infected.
• Hematocele: A hematocele occurs when blood surrounds the testicle. This is usually the result of an injury.
• Varicocele: A varicocele is a group of abnormally large veins near the testicles. These large veins may cause a dull discomfort in the affected testicle during daily activities. The testicle pain usually improves when lying down. Varicoceles may sometimes affect the ability to have children, and are sometimes surgically treated.
• Testicular torsion: Torsion is the twisting of the blood supply to the testicle. This cuts off the blood supply to the testicle and results in a severe, sharp pain. Torsion can occur at any time. This condition needs immediate surgery to save the testicle.
• Kidney stones: Kidney stones happen more commonly when you are dehydrated. Stones can get stuck in the ureters (tubes draining urine from the kidney into the bladder), causing pain in the back, groin or scrotum. Small stones may pass if fluids are increased. Larger stones may need surgery.
• Post-vasectomy pain syndrome: Men who have had a vasectomy sometimes get testicular pain afterwards. This pain can be caused by higher pressure in the vas deferens (tubes carrying sperm) or epididymis and can result in a post-vasectomy pain syndrome.
• Testicular cancer: Testicular cancer is the most common cancer in men aged 15-35. It can sometimes present with a dull ache or pain in the groin or testicles, testicular swelling or heaviness and aching in the lower abdomen or scrotum. Imaging methods can be used to examine the testicles for signs of testicular cancer.

What are some other symptoms that may occur?

Symptoms may include:

• Pain: Testicular pain can feel different depending on the cause. A sudden injury results in sharp, sudden pain, followed by a dull ache. The pain of epididymitis can worsen with time. Kidney stones can cause sharp pains in the back that spread to the testicles and to the tip of the penis.
• Bruising: There may be bruising on the scrotum if the testicles were injured.
• Nausea and vomiting: Feeling sick to your stomach and vomiting can be a symptom of many conditions. These include testicular injury, orchitis or kidney stones.
• Swelling: There may be a lump in the scrotum. The scrotum may appear red or shiny. These can signs of injury, orchitis, epididymitis or a testicular tumor.
• Fever: Fever together with testicular pain is a sign of orchitis or epididymitis.
• Urination problems: Some kidney stones can cause frequent urination. There may also be a burning sensation on urination, or blood may be seen in the urine.

Who treats testicular pain?

If you have testicular pain or if you have recently had high-risk sexual activity, you should seek medical help. High-risk sexual activity includes having more than one partner or having a partner who has had more than one partner. You can get diagnosed by specialists including:

• Urologist: If you have signs of testicular cancer or kidney stones, you may be referred to an urologist (a surgical specialist who treats urinary problems).
• Nephrologist: If you have kidney infections or poorly functioning kidneys, you may be referred to a nephrologist (a medical specialist who treats urinary problems).

How is testicular pain diagnosed?

Your doctor will exam you standing up and lying down. You’ll be asked questions about when the pain started, how long you have had it, how much it hurts and exactly where you hurt. You’ll also be asked about your sexual, medical and surgical history. Tell your doctor if any activities make your pain better or worse, like going to the bathroom, exercise, sex or sitting.

Blood or urine tests can help to rule out infections as a possible cause. If there’s a lump in your testicle, an ultrasound will be ordered to check for testicular cancer. If the ultrasound scan shows signs of cancer, you’ll be referred to an urologist to have the cancer removed.

If you get diagnosed and treated early, testicular cancer has a very high cure rate.

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Care and Treatment

How is testicular pain treated?

You may be able to ease your testicular pain at home. Some remedies to try:

• Apply ice to the area.
• Place a rolled up towel under your scrotum if you’re lying down.
• Wear a cup or athletic supporter.
• Take warm baths.
• Try non-prescription pain relievers.

If home remedies don’t work, testicular pain can be treated medically. Pain can usually be reduced with medications. These may include:

• Pain relievers: Acetaminophen (Tylenol®) or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), including aspirin, ibuprofen and naproxen, can help relieve pain. They’re often prescribed in cases of injury, trauma or orchitis.
• Antibiotics or anti-infective medications: Orchitis or epididymitis caused by a bacterial infection should be treated with a course of antibiotics.
• Tricyclic antidepressants: Medications such as amitriptyline can be used to treat nerve pain.

Is surgery needed for testicular pain?

Surgery isn’t usually needed for testicular pain, but if you have an emergency condition like testicular torsion or testicular cancer you may need surgery.

Types of surgery for testicular pain depending on the cause include:

• Testicular de-torsion: This operation is done to untwist the spermatic cord and restore blood flow to the testicle(s). Your surgeon sews stitches around your testicle to prevent the twisting happening again. The opposite side of the testicle is also stitched to prevent future torsion.
• Hernia repair surgery: This corrective procedure is done if your hernia can’t be pushed back into your abdomen or otherwise made smaller.
• Epididymectomy: The epididymis is a tightly coiled group of thin tubes that carry sperm from the testicles to the sperm ducts. Surgeons may remove your epididymis if you have chronic pain. This is not commonly done, and medical treatments will be tried first.
• Vasovasostomy: Vasovasostomy is the reversal of a vasectomy in men who suffer from testicular pain after having a vasectomy. Vasectomies can cause testicular pain that can be cured by reversing the vasectomy. This is rarely needed and is done as outpatient surgery.
• Shockwave lithotripsy: This minimally invasive procedure uses shockwaves (force moving through air) to break up kidney stones.
• Microdenervation of the spermatic cord (MDSC): This operations is performed under anesthesia. The surgeon uses an operating microscope to dissect and cut the nerves passing through the spermatic cord, which often cures or relieves testicular pain.
• Orchiectomy: Rarely, if your testicle pain is not helped by medications or less invasive procedures, you may need to have the testicle removed (orchiectomy). This is an operation of last resort.
• Testicular cancer: In this case your doctor does an operation to remove your testicle. After the surgery, the testicle is examined under a microscope and the type of testicular cancer can be identified. This determines if you need any further treatment.

Remember whenever you have surgery, it’s important to take regular care of your wound to prevent infection. Follow your doctor’s advice on how to clean your wound. You’ll also be given warning signs to watch out for in case it becomes infected. Your wound will be checked at your follow-up appointment.

How long does it take for testicular pain to go away?

Testicular pain may or may not last, depending on whether it is acute or chronic. If your pain is caused by a simple injury like a sudden hit or a fall, it should only hurt for about an hour. If your pain lasts longer than that or if it gets worse, immediately seek medical attention.

Can I still have children after losing a testicle?

In the majority of cases, one healthy testicle can make enough sperm for you to have children. You should still be able to have and maintain erections normally. Your testosterone (hormone) levels should stay the same too. Men who have had surgery for testicular torsion sometimes have a lower sperm count. They might also have antibodies in their system affecting the sperm’s movement. If you have had testicular torsion when you were young, you might have a lower sperm count. In that case, you may need to have a sperm count checked if you have any difficulties having children.

How do I prevent testicular pain?

Remember to have regular checkups, and always wear an athletic cup before playing full-contact sports. You should also wear protective clothing before doing dangerous work to avoid injury.

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When to Call the Doctor

When do I need to see a doctor?

You should immediately call your doctor if you have testicular pain or swelling, especially if the pain gets worse or if you feel sick. If you have any symptoms of testicular torsion, make sure to seek immediate medical attention.

Testicular cancer – Symptoms – NHS

Typical symptoms are a painless swelling or lump in 1 of the testicles, or any change in shape or texture of the testicles.

The swelling or lump can be about the size of a pea, but may be larger.

Most lumps or swellings in the scrotum are not in the testicle and are not a sign of cancer, but they should never be ignored.

Other symptoms

Testicular cancer can also cause other symptoms, including:

• an increase in the firmness of a testicle
• a difference in apperance between 1 testicle and the other
• a dull ache or sharp pain in your testicles or scrotum, which may come and go
• a feeling of heaviness in your scrotum

When to see a GP

See a GP if you notice a swelling, lump or any other change in 1 of your testicles.

Lumps within the scrotum can have many different causes, and testicular cancer is rare.

Your GP will examine you and if they think the lump is in your testicle, they may consider cancer as a possible cause.

Only a very small minority of scrotal lumps or swellings are cancerous. For example, swollen blood vessels (varicoceles) and cysts in the tubes around the testicle (epididymal cysts) are common causes of testicular lumps.

If you do have testicular cancer, the sooner treatment begins, the greater the likelihood that you’ll be completely cured.

If you do not feel comfortable visiting a GP, you can go to your local sexual health clinic, where a healthcare professional will be able to examine you.

Metastatic cancer

If testicular cancer has spread to other parts of your body, you may also experience other symptoms.

Cancer that’s spread to other parts of the body is known as metastatic cancer.

Around 5% of people with testicular cancer will experience symptoms of metastatic cancer.

The most common place for testicular cancer to spread to is nearby lymph nodes in your tummy (abdomen) or lungs. Lymph nodes are glands that make up your immune system.

Less commonly, the cancer can spread to your liver, brain or bones.

Symptoms of metastatic testicular cancer can include:

Page last reviewed: 14 June 2019
Next review due: 14 June 2022

Testicular Cancer: Symptoms and Signs

ON THIS PAGE: You will find out more about body changes and other things that can signal a problem that may need medical care. Use the menu to see other pages.

People with testicular cancer may experience a variety of symptoms or signs. Sometimes, people with testicular cancer do not have any of these changes. Or, the cause of a symptom may be a different medical condition that is not cancer. So, having these symptoms does not mean that a person definitely has cancer.

Usually, an enlarged testicle or a small lump or area of hardness are the first signs of testicular cancer. Any lump, enlargement, hardness, pain, or tenderness should be evaluated by a doctor as soon as possible. Other symptoms of testicular cancer usually do not appear until after the cancer has spread to other parts of the body.

Symptoms of testicular cancer may include:

• A painless lump or swelling on either testicle. If found early, a testicular tumor may be about the size of a pea or a marble, but it can grow much larger.

• Pain, discomfort, or numbness in a testicle or the scrotum, with or without swelling.

• Change in the way a testicle feels or a feeling of heaviness in the scrotum. For example, 1 testicle may become firmer than the other testicle. Or testicular cancer may cause the testicle to grow bigger or to become smaller.

• Dull ache in the lower abdomen or groin

• Sudden buildup of fluid in the scrotum

• Breast tenderness or growth. Although rare, some testicular tumors make hormones that cause breast tenderness or growth of breast tissue, a condition called gynecomastia.

• Lower back pain, shortness of breath, chest pain, and bloody sputum or phlegm can be symptoms of later-stage testicular cancer.

• Swelling of 1 or both legs or shortness of breath from a blood clot can be symptoms of testicular cancer. A blood clot in a large vein is called deep venous thrombosis or DVT. A blood clot in an artery in the lung is called a pulmonary embolism and causes shortness of breath. For some young or middle-aged people, developing a blood clot may be the first sign of testicular cancer.

Many symptoms and signs of testicular cancer are similar to those caused by noncancerous conditions. These are discussed below:

If you are concerned about any changes you experience, please talk with your doctor. Your doctor will ask how long and how often you’ve been experiencing the symptom(s), in addition to other questions. This is to help figure out the cause of the problem, called a diagnosis.

If cancer is diagnosed, relieving symptoms remains an important part of cancer care and treatment. This may be called palliative care or supportive care. It is often started soon after diagnosis and continued throughout treatment. Be sure to talk with your health care team about the symptoms you experience, including any new symptoms or a change in symptoms.

The next section in this guide is Diagnosis. It explains what tests may be needed to learn more about the cause of the symptoms. Use the menu to choose a different section to read in this guide.

Testicular Pain, Left Testicle Pain, Pain in Right Testicle

For this procedure, we dissect the nerve inside the spermatic cord because it supplies the testicle with nerves. Cutting this nerve can successfully reduce the pain by 50 percent or greater. In fact, more than 90 percent of our patients have seen a 70 to 100 percent reduction in their pain.

Most insurance plans will cover this procedure. However, check with your insurance company before scheduling the surgery.

Preparation for Surgery 

Make sure you follow these rules before undergoing surgery:

• Eat like you normally would the evening before your surgery.
• Do NOT eat or drink anything after midnight, including the morning of surgery.
• If you have medication you need to take the morning before your surgery, only take them with a small sip of water.
• Wear loose, comfortable clothing.

Procedure 

We perform this surgery in the operating room and make a small incision in the groin, similar to where a hernia repair is done. If a hernia repair was already done, we go through the previous scar. You can opt for local or general anesthesia before the surgery.

The spermatic cord contains arteries, nerves, the vas deferens, and lymphatic vessels. We cut the nerves under an operating microscope and keep the testicular arteries, lymphatics, and vas deferens intact. This method preserves the testicle’s blood supply and blocks the nerve transmission from the testicle. We finish up by using dissolvable stitches and tissue glue to close the incision.

The entire surgery takes only one hour, which means you can go home the same day. 

As with any procedure, there are risks to a spermatic cord denervation, such as:

• no pain relief,
• hydrocele formation (fluid accumulation in the testicles),
• loss or compromise of the testis, and
• numbness of the scrotum and inner thigh on the operated side.

After-Surgery Care & Recovery

For the first 24 hours after your surgery, do not:

• drive,
• use machinery,
• eat any heavy or large meals,
• drink alcohol, or
• make important decisions because the anesthesia can make it hard to think clearly.

Expect bruising, swelling, tenderness, inflammation, and pain after surgery. Many men report an immediate change in the type of pain, from deep neuropathic pain to superficial inflammatory pain. This postoperative pain will fade over time.

Make sure you take the following steps for a speedy recovery:

• For the first three days, take 800mg of Ibuprofen every eight hours and 650mg of Tylenol every six hours around the clock. Use narcotic pain medication only if needed.
• Ice the area for 20 minutes out of every hour to relieve pain.
• No sex, masturbation, or lifting heavy objects more than 25 pounds for a week.
• You may shower the day after surgery, but baths are not allowed for one week.

Testicular Torsion (for Parents) – Nemours Kidshealth

What Is Testicular Torsion?

Testicular torsion is a medical emergency. It happens when the spermatic cord, which provides blood flow to the testicle, rotates and becomes twisted. This cuts off the testicle’s blood supply and causes sudden pain and swelling.Testicular torsion usually requires immediate surgery to save the testicle.

For most boys, talking seriously about their private parts can be a little embarrassing. But if you have a son, it’s important that he knows to tell you or a health care provider if he ever has genital pain, especially in his scrotum or testes.

How Does Testicular Torsion Happen?

The scrotum is the sack of skin beneath the penis. Inside the scrotum are two testes (plural of testis), also called testicles. Each testicle is connected to the rest of the body by a blood vessel called the spermatic cord. Testicular torsion happens when a spermatic cord becomes twisted, cutting off the flow of blood to the attached testicle.

Testicular torsion (also called testis torsion) requires immediate surgery to fix. If it goes on too long, it can result in severe damage to the testicle and even its removal.

Who Gets It?

Most cases of testicular torsion are in males who have a genetic condition called the bell clapper deformity. Normally, the testicles are attached to the scrotum, but in this condition the testicles aren’t attached, and are more likely to turn and twist within the scrotum.

Torsion can happen to boys and men of any age, but is most common in 12- to 18-year-olds. It can happen after strenuous exercise, while someone is sleeping, or after an injury to the scrotum. Often, though, the exact cause isn’t known.

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What Are the Symptoms?

If your son has testicular torsion, he’ll feel a sudden, possibly severe pain in his scrotum and one of his testicles. The pain can get worse or ease a bit, but probably won’t go away completely.

If your son has sudden groin pain, get him to a hospital emergency room as soon as you can. Because surgery might be necessary, it’s important to not give your son anything to eat or drink before seeking medical care.

Other symptoms:

• swelling, especially on one side of the scrotum
• nausea and vomiting
• abdominal pain
• one testicle appears to be higher than the other

Sometimes, the spermatic cord can become twisted and then untwist itself without treatment. This is called torsion and detorsion, and it can make testicular torsion more likely to happen again in the future.

If your son’s spermatic cord untwists and the pain goes away, it might be easy to dismiss the episode, but you should still call a doctor. Surgery can be done to secure the testicles and make testicular torsion unlikely to happen again.

How Is Testicular Torsion Diagnosed?

When you get to the hospital, a doctor will examine your son’s scrotum, testicles, abdomen, and groin and might test his reflexes by rubbing or pinching the inside of his thigh. This normally causes the testicle to contract, which probably won’t happen if he has a testicular torsion.

The doctor also might do tests to see if the spermatic cord is twisted, including:

• Ultrasound: High-frequency waves are used to make an image of the testicle and check blood flow.
• Urine tests or blood tests: These can help determine whether symptoms are being caused by an infection instead of a torsion.

Sometimes, a doctor will have to do surgery to make a diagnosis of testicular torsion. Other times, when the physical exam clearly points to a torsion, the doctor will do emergency surgery without any other testing in order to save the testicle.

Saving a testicle becomes more difficult the longer the spermatic cord stays twisted. The degree of twisting (whether it’s one entire revolution or several) determines how quickly the testicle will become damaged. As a general rule:

• within about 4-6 hours of the start of the torsion, the testicle can be saved 90% of the time
• after 12 hours, this drops to 50%
• after 24 hours, the testicle can be saved only 10% of the time

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How Is Testicular Torsion Treated?

Testicular torsion almost always needs surgery to fix. In rare cases, the doctor might be able to untwist the spermatic cord by pushing on the scrotum, but most guys will still need surgery to attach both testicles to the scrotum to prevent torsion from happening in the future.

Most torsion surgeries are done on an outpatient basis (with no overnight hospital stay). If your son has a torsion, he’ll be given a painkiller and general anesthesia to make him unconscious for the procedure.

Surgery consists of making a small cut in the scrotum, untwisting the spermatic cord, and stitching both testicles to the inside of the scrotum to prevent future torsions. Afterward, your son will be taken to a recovery room to rest for an hour or two.

After surgery, your son will need to avoid strenuous activities for a few weeks, and if he’s sexually active, he’ll need to avoid all sexual activity. Talk to the doctor about when it will be safe for your son to return to his normal activities.

Testicle Removal

If a torsion goes on too long, doctors won’t be able to save the affected testicle and it will be removed in a surgical procedure called an orchiectomy. Most boys who have a testicle removed but still have a viable testicle can father children later in life. However, many also opt for a prosthetic, or artificial, testicle a few months after surgery. This can help make some boys feel more comfortable about their appearance.

With newborn boys, saving the testicle depends on when the torsion happens. If it’s before a boy is born, it may be impossible to save the testicle. In this case, the doctor may recommend a surgery at a later date to remove the affected testicle. If torsion symptoms appear after a baby is born, the doctor may recommend emergency surgery to correct the testicle.

Don’t Ignore Symptoms

Boys need to know that genital pain is serious. Ignoring pain or simply hoping it goes away can lead to severe damage to the testicle and even its removal.

Even if your son has pain in his scrotum that goes away, he still needs to tell you or a doctor and get checked out. A torsion that goes away makes him more likely to have another one in the future. Doctors can greatly reduce the risk of another torsion by securing the testicles to the scrotum.

If your son had a torsion that resulted in the loss of a testicle, it’s important to let him know that he can still lead a normal life, just like anyone else. The loss of one testicle won’t prevent a man from having normal sexual relations and is unlikely to interfere with fathering children.

90,000 Testicular and lower back pain: causes and treatment

Pain in the testicles and lower back can occur in men at any age. Painful sensations can be very strong and accompanied by a gag reflex, hyperhidrosis, and cause psychological discomfort.

Preconditions of testicular pain

Pain in the testicles can be caused by the manifestation of the following conditions.

1. Traumatic injury to the scrotum. If a bruise occurs, you need to consult a specialist as soon as possible.
2. Testicular torsion. The cause of this condition is still unknown, but the consequences for a man can be very serious. In the worst case, the testicle may die off. Doctor’s help in this situation is urgently needed.
3. Testicular cyst. A cyst can be diagnosed by palpation and as a result of an ultrasound examination. On palpation of the formation, aching pain occurs. The cyst is not dangerous for a man. But if the painful sensations bring discomfort and intensify over time, there are inconveniences when moving, the neoplasm is surgically removed.
4. An inguinal hernia can cause testicular pain. In this case, you will definitely need a consultation with a surgeon.
5. Dropsy of the testicle. This disease is associated with the accumulation of serous fluid in the testes. The cause of dropsy, as a rule, is trauma to the scrotum and damage to the lymphoid system in the groin or pelvis.
6. Varicose veins in the testicle and spermatic cord. The causes of this condition are burdened heredity or excessive pressure in the veins located in the small pelvis.The problem is eliminated by surgical intervention.
7. Pathology of the kidneys or urinary system, which is characterized by the appearance of such a sensation as severe pain in the lower back and testicles.

Sexual dissatisfaction can also cause testicular pain. In order to prevent it, it is necessary to have a regular sex life.

Pain can be caused by infection

Painful sensations in the testicles can be triggered by the presence of the following pathological phenomena.

1. Presence of sexually transmitted infections. When infected, testicular pain occurs quite often. In women in such situations, the ovaries hurt. Therapeutic measures are prescribed after the examination and include taking special antibacterial drugs and immunomodulatory agents.

1. Inflammatory process in the epididymis. It is characterized by such signs as chills, frequent urge to urinate, a sharp rise in body temperature.An important symptom is pain radiating to the lower back. In the presence of such manifestations, the doctor prescribes bed rest and, after the examination, determines the necessary treatment.
2. Orchitis (inflammation of the testicles themselves). This ailment is caused by the mumps virus. In this situation, the testicles swell, the sperm is practically not formed. The patient notes a significant rise in body temperature, while there is a sharp sharp pain. The pain is given to the lower back, perineum and groin. The doctor may prescribe antibacterial drugs, pain relievers, NSAIDs, hormone therapy.Physiotherapeutic methods of treatment are used, bed rest is indicated.
3. Inflammatory process in the seminal vesicles. The cause of the disease is infection with a purulent infection. Chronic prostatitis and other dangerous infections can lead to inflammation.

Symptoms of the manifestation of diseases and their diagnosis

The pain can be aching, cutting, dull. Painful sensations often intensify with movement, palpation. Pain can occur in the right testicle or in the left, or both.An increase in the local temperature of the diseased organ is possible, while the temperature of the whole body will be normal. Sometimes there is an enlargement of the testicle and hardening of the scrotum. In some cases, patients complain of nausea, vomiting, weakness. The presence of a serious disease is indicated by an increase in the veins in the scrotum.

On palpation, testicular tuberosity is noted. As a diagnostic measure, the doctor may prescribe:

Spermogram – an important element in the diagnosis of the disease

• general blood test;
• general urinalysis;
• spermogram;
• ultrasound examination;
• magnetic resonance imaging;
• testicular biopsy.

To eliminate pain in the lower back and testicles, you need to clearly know the cause. that caused them. An important point is the prior consultation with an andrologist or urologist. Specialists prescribe the necessary examination and, on the basis of its results, select treatment methods.

To prevent the occurrence of pain, it is recommended to lead a healthy, active lifestyle, adhere to a balanced diet, and use contraceptives during sexual intercourse.

Causes of back pain

Pain caused by displacement of the vertebra

Low back pain does not always radiate to the testicles. Most often in men, it is caused by overexertion, excessive physical exertion, and a prolonged absence of any kind of movement. In any case, seeking advice from a specialist is mandatory.

The causes of pain in the lower back can be different.

1. Fracture of the spine. It can occur with a stab in the back or a sudden fall to the feet.
2. Muscle stretching. It occurs as a result of sudden movements or when lifting weights.
3. Scoliosis.
4. Osteochondrosis, and any part of the back. Inevitably leads to pain and congestion in the lower back.
5. Injury to the discs between the vertebrae. The disease is a consequence of osteochondrosis.
6. Spondyloarthrosis. The joints between the vertebrae are affected. Moreover, the disease is always chronic.
7. The appearance of benign and malignant neoplasms, as a result of which pain can occur in the testicles and lower back.
8. Tuberculous lesion of the spinal column.
9. Stroke. In this case, in most cases, the lower back aches.
10. Radiating pain in the right testicle or lower back. Painful sensations can be a consequence of damage to other organs.

The cause of pain in the lumbar spine, accompanied by heaviness in the testicles, may be a disease of the spine or urogenital area. If soreness in the lower back is felt slightly below the ribs, the patient may have renal colic.Stones or sand in the kidneys or bladder can cause pain on one side of the spine or the other.

In case of soreness in the lower back, accompanied by an increased body temperature, the cause may be a urological disease. In any case, you must seek the advice of a specialist. It is impossible to delay the diagnosis with such symptoms, since this can lead to unpleasant and rather serious consequences.

90,000 Why do women have lower back pain? – Revda-info.ru

The causes of pain in the lumbar region can be very diverse – from dystrophic changes in the intervertebral discs to tumors affecting the skeletal system. That is why, if pain occurs in the lumbar region, it is imperative to consult a doctor who will carry out the correct diagnosis, diagnose and prescribe adequate therapy. Treatment of low back pain in women is further complicated by the fact that these pains can be caused by various gynecological problems – from inflammation to pregnancy. Experts of the clinic “Active Center” tell.

Main causes of low back pain in women 90 130

The reasons provoking pain in the lumbar region in women can be as follows:

1. Pathologies of the musculoskeletal system, which are characterized by paroxysmal aching or pulling pains radiating to the lower extremities, numbness of the extremities and a feeling of “goose bumps”. Typically, such pain occurs with hypothermia, increased stress, moving weights, sudden movements.Pains of this nature are accompanied by osteochondrosis, curvature of the spine – scoliosis, lordosis, kyphosis, radiculitis, protrusions and disc hernias in the lumbar region, displacement of the vertebrae;
2. Physiological conditions of the female body – pregnancy, menstrual syndrome, climacteric changes;
3. Diseases of the genitourinary system – gynecological inflammation, kidney disease, pyelonephritis and other pathologies.

Basic Diagnostic Principles

Diagnosis of a disease that caused an attack of pain is a rather lengthy and complex process, since pains in different pathologies differ slightly from each other. In addition, self-diagnosis and self-medication can exacerbate the problem, and therefore complicate the treatment regimen.

At the initial examination, the specialist determines the preliminary diagnosis based on the symptoms described by the patient:

• In case of diseases of the spine, the patient can hardly bend over, sharp turns and bends can be accompanied by pain and crunching, sensitivity in the buttocks decreases, weakness can occur in the legs, numbness and creeping sensations can be felt.With any physical activity or long sitting in a monotonous position, the discomfort and pain increase;
• Menstrual pain and pain during menopause are usually pulling in nature, they are localized in the lower part of the lower back. During pregnancy, lower back pain occurs as a result of increased pressure, with the growth of the fetus, the pain can increase. Almost all gynecological inflammatory diseases are accompanied by pulling pains, combined with pain in the lower abdomen;
• In pathologies of the genitourinary system, back pain can be combined with cutting pain in the urethra, vaginal discharge of a yellow, brown or greenish tint, discoloration of urine, frequent painful urination or false urge.

In any case, one should not ignore pain in the lumbar region and, moreover, self-medicate, as this can lead to an aggravation of the problem and its transition into a chronic form.

After a preliminary diagnosis has been made on the basis of examination and questioning, the specialist prescribes laboratory and instrumental studies.

The following studies are used to expand the picture and make the correct diagnosis:

• MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) – scanning the human body using magnetic fields and radio waves;
• Ultrasound examination using high-frequency ultrasonic waves;
• Fluoroscopy based on the study of images of the spinal section;
• Computed tomography.

These and other modern research methods will help to correctly diagnose and determine the degree of development of the disease, on which further treatment depends.

Methods for the treatment of low back pain

How to treat back pain in women should be determined by a doctor after a comprehensive study and diagnosis:

• Treatment of diseases of the genitourinary system involves the use of various drugs aimed at relieving pain, eliminating the inflammatory process, and destroying pathological microorganisms that cause the disease. Upon completion of treatment, back pain will disappear on its own, and during treatment, pain relievers can be used;
• To relieve pain and excessive stress when carrying a child, you must wear a special bandage for pregnant women. This elastic band is wide in the center and tapering towards the edges. Its wide part is located on the back, it supports the spinal muscles and takes on some of the load, and the narrow part is located under the belly, supporting it and preventing premature prolapse of the fetus.Any bandages for pregnant women, as well as bandages that are recommended to be worn for violations in the spine, can be selected and purchased on the website of the Ortocomfort.ua online store;
• Treatment of low back pain in osteochondrosis, protrusions and intervertebral hernias, radiculitis includes the following measures:
  1. Drug treatment – internal administration or intramuscular administration of NSAIDs and pain relievers. To enhance the effect, experts recommend using external agents – rubbing and ointments;
  2. Massage, which should be started after pain relief. Only a professional massage therapist can correctly calculate and distribute the pressure. Remember that using the services of a non-professional may aggravate the existing problem. During the massage, you can use medicinal creams and ointments, which penetrate the subcutaneous layers faster than with simple rubbing, where they have a direct effect;
  3. Exercise therapy, which includes special exercises for stretching the spine and returning it to the correct anatomical position. For classes, various simulators can be used – Evminov’s dispensary, wall bars, walking path and others.The intensity and types of exercises are selected depending on the pathology and the degree of its development;
  4. Water procedures – Charcot shower, underwater massage shower, baths with salts and essential oils;
  5. Thermal procedures – warming up and hot baths. This group of procedures should be treated with caution, since warming is strictly contraindicated for some gynecological problems;
  6. Acupuncture, apitherapy, kinesio taping are used from non-traditional methods.

These and other procedures will help to quickly eliminate pain syndrome, relieve inflammation, restore mobility, lumbar spine, relieve excessive muscle tension.

In the future, in order to prevent exacerbations of diseases of the spine, experts recommend leading a correct lifestyle – actively moving, playing sports, eating right, avoiding increased stress, wearing the right shoes, and not overcooling.

There are contraindications.Consultation of a specialist is required.

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90,000 Low back pain – causes of occurrence, for what diseases it occurs, diagnosis and treatment methods

IMPORTANT!

The information in this section cannot be used for self-diagnosis and self-medication. In case of pain or other exacerbation of the disease, only the attending physician should prescribe diagnostic tests.For a diagnosis and correct prescription of treatment, you should contact your doctor.

Low back pain – the causes of the appearance, with what diseases it occurs, the diagnosis and methods of treatment.

Low back pain occurs in almost everyone, especially after 40 years. One of the reasons is osteochondrosis – degenerative-dystrophic changes in the spine. However, in many cases it does not explain the nature, severity and duration of back pain.

Types of pain

Back pain can be a symptom of a serious medical condition, but the vast majority of pain is benign. One of the main points to consider when diagnosing back pain, and in particular low back pain, is its duration. In most cases, muscle pain can last up to two weeks and then disappear. Pain caused by organic changes in the spine (intervertebral hernia, arthrosis) lasts much longer and can radiate to the leg, perineum, accompanied by a feeling of numbness, burning, goose bumps.

Pain caused by cardiovascular diseases, diseases of the abdominal organs are of greater intensity and duration.

Possible causes

Pain due to disease or injury of the spine

In most cases, back pain is caused by dysfunction of the intervertebral joints.

A decrease in the distance between the vertebrae due to degenerative changes in the intervertebral discs leads to an increase in the friction of the articular surfaces.This can cause subluxation and blockage of the joint. The muscles surrounding the affected joint are in a state of overstrain for a long time, which increases joint pain.

Most often, pain in diseases of the spine is dull in nature, that is, its intensity increases gradually, increasing with movement and weakening at rest. …

In cases of severe osteochondrosis, pain can be caused by compression of the nerve endings (spinal roots) during the formation of a herniated disc.Acute shooting or piercing pain may become constant over time and occasionally give to the leg with sudden movements, coughing, sneezing. Pain syndrome is usually accompanied by numbness, tingling, burning. Similar symptoms are combined with loss of sensitivity in the area of ​​the affected nerve, loss of reflexes, muscle weakness.

Serious spinal injuries (fracture, fracture dislocation) are accompanied by severe pain and require emergency medical intervention.

If a fracture occurs as a result of compression of the vertebral body, then it is called compression.

In older people, such a fracture is possible due to osteoporosis, which is more common in women. A compression fracture, sometimes even with minimal external stress, is caused by damage to the spine during metastasis of malignant tumors.

Diagnostics and examinations

When diagnosing, the doctor takes into account orthopedic defects, the presence of symptoms such as urinary or defecation disorders; spreading pain down the leg; lack of relief after taking pain relievers; weakness and numbness in the leg. To confirm the diagnosis, it is necessary to perform:

Dropsy of the testicle: description of the disease, causes, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment

A specific disease in which fluid accumulates between the parenteral and visceral plates of the testicles is called a hydrocele. This is a medical term. In the people – dropsy of the testicle. The disease can be congenital, physiological, ideopathic, chronic, reactive.

The first and second forms occur with abnormal development of the fetus.Then the child is diagnosed with dropsy. In most cases, this problem is diagnosed after the baby is born. If the disease appeared at an older age, it means that there is a pathological process in the body, which provoked its occurrence.

As fluid accumulates, the scrotum increases in size. Puffiness is unilateral and bilateral. The fluid accumulated in the testicles does not contain infection. This means that the disease is generally not dangerous for a man’s health, if we talk about a short-term period (from several hours to several days).

The reason for the occurrence of dropsy plays an important role. For example, if the scrotum is injured, which is often associated with hydrocele, it is not recommended to postpone the visit to the doctor. This also applies to inflammation in the penis and scrotum. The inflammatory process may indicate, for example, orchitis, epididymitis, etc.

Pathogenesis

Dropsy in most cases occurs in young men. However, it is often detected in infants and adolescents.Most dropsy is not such a common disease. If we talk about statistical data, approximately 1% of cases from the total number of urological diseases.

As for the mechanism of development of the disease, it consists of three factors. The first factor is impaired lymphatic drainage from the testicle and scrotum. Normal is when the produced serous fluid is removed by the inguinal lymphatic system. Such a liquid has a viscous character. She is the lubricant necessary for the normal functioning of the testicles.

If the lymphatic drainage is disturbed, the fluid begins to accumulate. On visual inspection, the scrotum appears to be swollen. In addition, a decrease in lymph flow occurs during damage to the lymphatic pathway. This includes trauma, infection, tumors.

The second factor is reduced reabsorption of the fluid that accumulates in the testicular membranes. The testicular membrane is an autonomous system characterized by the independent production of serous fluid and the immediate removal of its excess.Any pathological change that occurs in the membrane tissue leads to the development of dropsy.

The third factor is that the outflow of venous blood slows down. When blood circulation stops or significantly slows down, an increase in fluid filtration occurs. As a consequence, the development of dropsy.

What are the consequences of excess fluid in the testicular membrane

Delayed diagnosis or improper treatment can provoke a number of complications and consequences.Namely:

• Due to the accumulated fluid, movement is difficult, painful sensations are tormented, a man may have complexes due to the appearance of the testicles.

• A watery environment is a good environment in which bacteria and infection can multiply. Then they can penetrate into other organs and systems of the body.

• Due to excess fluid, the normal blood supply to the testes is disrupted, their main function of producing seminal fluid deteriorates.

• Hydrocele can affect the psychological state of a man. He becomes insecure, depression may develop.

• If the treatment of the disease is delayed, a man can lose a testicle, as a result of which infertility is diagnosed.

Why does the disease

occur?

The development of dropsy of the testicle can be a consequence of:

one.Injuries.

2. Torsion of the testicle.

3. Inflammatory disease.

4. Filariasis.

5. Abnormal development of the urinary and reproductive systems.

6. Renal failure.

7. Impaired functioning of the cardiovascular system.

8. Defects in the development of the lymphatic system.

9. Benign or malignant formation on the genital organ.

10. Operational intervention.

11. Various liver diseases.

1. Dropsy can appear after mechanical trauma to the scrotum (blow, pinching, injury), if the groin or perineum is injured. Injury can occur in domestic, work, and outdoor conditions. And also if in the life of a man there is equestrian sport, wrestling, karate, Thai boxing, cycling.

The scrotum and adjacent tissues can be damaged due to burns, overheating, hypothermia.In some cases, dropsy of the testicle is diagnosed after being bitten by an animal, a man received a gunshot wound, or he had too active sexual contact.

2. When the testicle is twisted, it suddenly unfolds in one direction or another. As a result, there is a violation of the venous and arterial blood supply, since the vessels are compressed. This is the main reason for the development of dropsy. The provoking factor of impaired outflow of venous blood is both twisted veins of the spermatic cord and their thrombosis.Testicular torsion occurs after a strong and prolonged cough, trauma to the scrotum, with an abnormal development of the structure of the scrotum, and a sharp movement. And also, if a man wears tight clothes, if an inguinal hernia is diagnosed, regular physical overload is present.

Testicular torsion is a serious condition. It can provoke not only a gift, but also tissue necrosis. In addition, an abscess of the scrotum may form, that is, a cavity appears, which fills with pus.To prevent such complications, it is necessary to contact the medical center in time, where they will carry out diagnostics and prescribe high-quality treatment.

3. Various inflammatory diseases can also cause the development of dropsy of the testicle. Hydrocele develops if a man has orchitis (testicular tissue becomes inflamed), epididymitis (epididymal tissue becomes inflamed), urethritis (urethra becomes inflamed), funiculitis (spermatic cord becomes inflamed). The above diseases are mainly of an infectious nature.This means that bacteria or viruses have entered the man’s body.

4. Filariasis is the most common parasitic disease. It also causes dropsy in the testicle. The disease is caused by worms of the nematode class (roundworms). Worms can enter the body if a person is bitten by a blood-sucking insect. There will be a gradual flow of filariae into the lymph flow, where they will multiply. In addition, they will become adult worms in the lymphatic system.

The reason for the development of a hydrocele in this case is the damaged main lymphatic ducts, which contribute to the outflow of most of the lymph from the testicles and scrotum. You need to know that such a parasitic disease provokes both dropsy and other symptoms. A man’s legs swell, a rash appears on the body, joints ache, vision is impaired, body temperature rises, eyes turn red. In addition, there is the appearance of a cough, an increase in the size of the lymph nodes.

five.If a man’s genitourinary system develops abnormally, the kidneys, testicles, penis, urethra, and bladder cease to function normally. Such an anomaly is congenital in nature and indicates the incorrect formation of one or another organ even during embryonic and fetal development. Visually, it can be found in a baby who is just born, and an anomaly can also appear when the boy reaches adolescence.

6. If the kidney tissue does not function properly, it causes large swelling in the arms, face, legs.Fluid can accumulate in the abdominal, chest, pericardial cavity. Dropsy of the testicle may also occur. Renal failure causes large daily losses of protein from the body. They are excreted in urine. The disease is a consequence of:

Also, renal failure can be provoked by diabetic or toxic nephropathy, arterial hypertension.

7. There is some balance – the formation and removal of fluid from the body.This includes the shell of the testicles. To maintain the correct balance, full functioning of the cardiovascular system is also necessary. Some severe heart diseases (coronary artery disease, arterial hypertension, heart attack, myocarditis) can cause heart failure. When it develops, there is a difficulty in blood flow in a particular organ.

The vessels of the testicular membrane accumulate with blood, the hydrostatic pressure increases, as a result of which the timely transfer of fluid from the organ is disrupted.This means that chronic heart failure can provoke a hydrocele. There may also be swelling of the legs, face, hands.

8. Abnormal development of the lymphatic system is a rare cause of dropsy. The anomaly can be localized and widespread. There are congenital hypoplasia, lymphangiectasia, and surrounding lymphoangiopathy.

Hydrocele may be due to lymphangiomatosis. This is a tumor process, which is characterized by an increased proliferation of lymphatic tissue in a particular organ.In addition, dropsy develops due to lymphangioma. She is a benign entity. In most cases, it is congenital.

9. a tumor on a man’s genital organ (penis, scrotum, testicle) can cause dropsy. Basically, hydrocele is diagnosed in those who have a neoplasm located on the testicle or epididymis. This includes sertolioma, teratoblastoma, embryonic carcinoma, leydigoma, chorionepithelioma, seminoma.

With one of these tumors, its cells are connected, which are able to grow into a neighboring organ, as a result of which the anatomical structure of the testicle, its shell, is disrupted.Tissues lose adequate vascular blood supply and lymph drainage. In some cases, an inflammatory process can develop in the testicle, the cause of which is necrosis of a particular tissue. In addition, normal blood circulation is disrupted. Such factors, in combination with the inflammatory process, contribute to the accumulation of fluid in the testicle. The man is diagnosed with hydrocele.

10. If a man underwent surgery on the groin, it can also cause dropsy of the testicle.Such an operation is inguinal herniotomy (a hernia is removed), varicocelectomy (dilated veins in the spermatic cord are removed), appendectomy (the appendix is ​​removed).

Many surgical operations are characterized by temporary disruption of the functioning of a particular tissue. This includes the groin area. She is sensitive to such external intrusion. The reason is a special structure. Any surgical intervention in this area can provoke the development of dropsy.

12.In the presence of liver disease, insufficient protein is produced. He is responsible for the exchange of fluid in various tissues. With hypoalbuminemia and portal hypertension, the risk of swelling in the scrotum and hydrocele increases.

It should be remembered that not every liver disease can cause such swelling. In most cases, dropsy develops when the disease progresses to a more severe stage. Therefore, it is necessary to contact qualified specialists in a timely manner, who will prescribe adequate effective treatment.

How is disease

diagnosed

Before performing a visual examination, the doctor collects an anamnesis of the disease. He also wonders what trauma and infections preceded.

There are a number of methods through which an accurate diagnosis of the disease is carried out. These methods include:

• Diaphanoscopy, or transillumination. The scrotum is illuminated with a directional beam of light. If the cyst is filled with transparent contents, the treatment will be red.If there is no glow, then a cloudy liquid is present.

• Ultrasound examination of the scrotum. It is a differential diagnostic method that excludes an inguinal hernia, a cyst in the spermatic cord.

• Doppler ultrasound examination. This method allows you to assess the blood supply in the testicles, to determine the presence of varicocele.

• Delivery of a general analysis of blood and urine.This is necessary in order to differentiate the disease from another disease that can manifest itself with similar symptoms.

• Alpha-fetoprotein and chorionic gonadotropin are being investigated. Such an analysis is carried out in order to confirm or exclude a malignant process.

How is the disease treated

The asymptomatic course of dropsy, when a small volume of fluid is present, implies the observation of dynamics.The presence of isolated dropsy of the testicle in a child does not need any intervention until the child is 3 years old. Before this age, spontaneous disappearance of the disease may occur.

Elimination or reduction of reactive dropsy in most cases occurs after adequate therapy of the underlying disease has been prescribed. With pronounced deposition of fluid, the Patient is prescribed surgical treatment. Can be used:

• Classic intervention.During such an operation, the scrotum is cut, the watery cyst is removed, and its puncture is performed. Winckelmann’s method is characterized by eversion and stitching of the testicular membrane in such a way that no re-accumulation of fluid occurs, but its absorption occurs into the surrounding tissue. Bergman’s technique is also characterized by a section of the vaginal membrane. Lord’s operation consists in corrugating the vaginal membrane, which is a less traumatic procedure, since the testicles are not separated from the membrane and are not excreted into the wound.

• Minimally invasive technique. This includes sclerotherapy, plasma coagulation, ultrasound dissection, tissue dissection with a laser. In terms of efficiency, such methods can be compared with open surgery. After them, the patient recovers faster, there is no high risk of complications. If an inflammatory and tumor pathology is present in the patient’s body, which has caused the development of dropsy, the minimally invasive technique is not used.

Postoperative rules

After the patient has undergone surgery, it is recommended to exclude physical activity and sexual relations for 2-3 months. The suture dissolves in one to two weeks. As a complication of surgery, there is swelling, the presence of a hematoma. Our medical center uses modern methods, so the development of complications is minimized.

A month after surgery, it is recorded that spermatogenesis has significantly deteriorated.It will gradually recover over time. If less traumatic methods were used, this will happen in 8-12 weeks, if invasive surgery – in six months.

back pain, cough, weight loss

Men are not as attentive to their health in general as women are. But the formation of scrotal edema, along with other warning signs, can be alarming in earnest. Most of the signs of testicular cancer are not associated with pain, and men do not like to think about such delicate pathologies that could jeopardize their manhood.There are 8 signs of testicular cancer that a man should definitely pay attention to, especially if it is a prolonged cough, sudden changes in body weight, or back pain. If such signs appear, you should immediately consult with a urologist.

Unexpected diagnosis: tumor

The first thing that men notice is the different sizes of the testicles. This is not always swelling of the affected organ, often a cancerous tumor leads to a decrease in the size of the testicle. In the early period of the oncological process, due to radical surgery and chemotherapy, a complete cure is possible, but in advanced stages the prognosis is much worse.Therefore, men should monitor their reproductive health, noting some alarming symptoms.

Change in testicular size: edema or atrophy

Testicular cancer initially develops in one of the organs, as a small, hard and uneven area. The surface of the tumor is smooth or bumpy. As the tumor continues to grow, it deforms the entire testicle, resulting in swelling of the scrotum. But not only swelling, but a decrease in testicle size can also be a sign of cancer.This symptom is not so widespread, but quite likely.

Breast growth, tenderness

Experts say that tissue growth in the breast area, under the nipple, may be a sign of testicular cancer. All men have the rudiments of the mammary gland, which are usually almost undetectable because their testosterone levels are much higher than their estrogen levels. If a man’s breasts begin to swell and the areas around the nipples become darker, this may indicate that breast tissue is growing.Men notice gland growth and pain when touched. The portion of the breast, which includes the nipple and areola, is no longer flat, but raised and protruding. Touching your nipples or rubbing your clothing can cause pain or discomfort.

Scrotal severity and pain

In some cases, a large amount of fluid develops around the affected testicle, and severe edema forms. The accumulation of fluid causes a progressive enlargement of the scrotum, which, in turn, leads to a feeling of heaviness in this area.As a rule, it is not sharp or stabbing, but deep, dull pain or heaviness. Sudden, severe pain in the scrotum or testicles is rarely associated with cancer. It can be caused by a number of conditions, including diabetic neuropathy, kidney stones, or urinary tract infection.

Back and lower back pain

Back pain that is not related to exercise and is not relieved by anti-inflammatory drugs can be a sign of testicular cancer.Cancer cells can settle in the lymph nodes near the kidneys, which leads to enlargement and compression of the nerves extending from the spine, and also provokes pain in the back and legs. In addition, back pain can be reflected in nature, arising from irritation of the groin organs.

Unexplained weight loss

Weight loss is typical for many cancers, and testicular cancer is no exception. Through the lymphatic capillaries, cancer cells enter the abdominal lymph nodes, which can enlarge, and irritation of the abdominal organs suppresses appetite, body weight is lost.

If a man has a dramatic loss of body weight without a diet and there is no other obvious medical explanation, this may be due to testicular cancer or other types of cancer. If you have a sudden, unexplained weight loss, you should immediately consult a doctor.

Persistent cough

Testicular cancer cells are aggressive, actively spreading to the chest lymph nodes and lungs, causing a persistent cough that lasts more than two weeks.Compression of the trachea or larynx by enlarged lymph nodes can also provoke a cough. In addition, distant metastases affecting the lung tissue or bronchi can also provoke a cough. Therefore, the development of cough against the background of other symptoms or only changes in the size of the scrotum should be the reason for immediate examination.

Brain problems

Experts say that one of the organs where testicular cancer metastasizes may be the brain.Seizures and brain damage may be the first signs of cancer. Men with symptoms such as dizziness, headache, loss of consciousness, or seizures should be evaluated immediately.

Pain or physical discomfort

The most likely signs of testicular cancer are not associated with pain in the scrotum or groin; discomfort or soreness is typical in about 10% of patients. Most tumors do not cause significant pain, some of them cause pain or discomfort when walking.Acute pain is rarely cancerous and is caused by a variety of causes, including prostatitis, kidney stones, or a urinary tract infection. If you experience any of these possible testicular cancer symptoms, you should see your doctor for an examination.

Testing problem: few symptoms

It is important for men to have a monthly self-examination of the scrotum to detect testicular cancer. They often hesitate to see a doctor for unusual symptoms or unexplained pain.Many people think that everything will go away by itself, but with regard to testicular cancer, the first symptoms are very mild, and pain is the rarest of the signs. The most important signs are changes in the size of one testicle, painless swelling or lump within one testicle, fluid collecting inside the scrotum.

The frequency of repetition of self-examination is important, in which the dynamics of changes in the scrotum is assessed.

If the testicle feels differently than it did before, this is a signal to seek medical attention.

A small number of men will initially develop testicular cancer symptoms that are not related to the testicles themselves. These symptoms include abdominal pain, back pain, and coughing. Their persistent manifestation is also a reason for examination.

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Cramps and pain when urinating in men, urinary disorders

In some cases, the process of urination in men can be accompanied by burning, itching and pain of varying intensity.Sometimes cramps may disturb during urination or immediately after it. Usually, the feeling of pain is accompanied by uncharacteristic discharge, a change in the color of urine, etc. The main reason for the appearance of cuts during urination is inflammatory processes that spread to the kidneys, bladder, urethra and internal genital organs. Such violations can be caused by the action of pathogenic bacteria: yeast-like fungi, microbes of the genus Klebsiella, enterococci, E. coli, etc.

Causes of pain

Cutting and pain during urination in men can be symptoms of the following diseases of the genitourinary system:

Chlamydia

Urinary dysfunction can occur as a result of chlamydia.Genitourinary, or urogenital, chlamydia is a sexually transmitted infection, as a result of which the bacteria Chlamydia trachomatis infect the genitals and urinary tract. The main symptom of chlamydia is pain and pain during urination, but the disease can be asymptomatic. Men usually have not abundant vitreous discharge from the urethra. There is a violation of urination, the appearance of burning and itching. Pain can vary in intensity and occur in the lower back, testicles, scrotum, or urethra.In some cases, patients’ temperature rises to 37 ° C. Due to intoxication, a man may feel general weakness. With chlamydia, there is a clouding of urine and the formation of purulent filaments in it. If untreated, men may experience bloody discharge during ejaculation or after urination.

Gonorrhea

Gonorrhea can cause urinary problems. Gonorrheal infection is caused by a special type of bacteria – the gonococcus of the genus Neisseria.Bacteria infect the genitourinary system, urethra, and rectum in the lower third. Among the signs of the disease in men, it is possible to note cramps during urination, and in chronic gonorrhea – pain and urinary disorders. In the case of acute inflammation, hyperemia and edema of the sponges of the external opening of the urethra appear, they seem to be glassy swollen. As a result of such violations, a large amount of pale yellow or yellow-green pus begins to stand out from the urethra.

Urolithiasis

Dysfunction of urination is observed with a disease of urolithiasis.The reason for the appearance of urolithiasis is the presence of calculi in any organ of the genitourinary system. If stones have formed in the bladder, a man may complain of cramps when urinating, urinary disorders and pain, which, when moving, radiates to the perineum and genitals. Urolithiasis is characterized by a frequent need to urinate, which occurs spontaneously when walking or exercising. During deurination, the stream may suddenly dry up (while the feeling of complete emptying of the bladder does not occur) and resume after a change in body position.Such violations are called “stowage syndrome”.

Urethritis

Another possible cause of urinary disorders and problems is urethritis. The main symptom of urethral inflammation is constant or painful pain and stinging during urination, as well as uncharacteristic discharge from the urethra. Over time, the symptoms of the disease change. In an acute form of inflammation, a man feels sharp excruciating pain. In chronic urethritis, quite tolerable cramps and burning sensation are felt when urinating.Discharge is usually observed in the morning. If the disruption of the genitourinary system is caused by a bacterial nonspecific infection, the discharge is abundant, purulent-mucous, blue-green in color and has an unpleasant odor.

Trichomoniasis

Disruption of the genitourinary system in men and problems with urination can be caused by a sexually transmitted disease such as trichomoniasis. The causative agent of the disease is the simplest parasites that live in the seminal vesicles and prostate.One of the symptoms of trichomoniasis is inflammation of the urethra. The disease can be accompanied by cutting, burning and pain when urinating in men, disruption of the genitourinary system. Patients often or suddenly feel an irresistible urge to empty the bladder, especially in the morning. Urination is accompanied by a scanty white, purulent or foamy discharge from the urethra, an admixture of blood is found in the urine, and streaks of blood in the semen. As a result of the inflammatory process, pain, burning, cramps, a feeling of heaviness or discomfort in the perineal area or deep in the pelvic region may appear.

Prostatitis

Violation of urination may indicate the presence of prostatitis. Today, prostatitis is considered one of the most common diseases in the field of urology. It manifests itself in edema and inflammation of the prostate tissue. The cause of the development of prostatitis and urinary disorders can be the defeat of the Candida fungus or the presence of infections caused by the herpes virus, Trichomonas, gonococcus. With prostatitis, urination is accompanied by pain and cramps.Paroxysmal pain radiates to the scrotum, perineum or lower back in the sacrum.

We draw your attention! The appearance of severe cuts or pain during urination or any other sign of the above should be the reason for an immediate visit to the urologist. One of the drugs for the treatment of prostatitis, which you may be prescribed for prevention and treatment, is the drug “Afala”. An effective course of treatment can only be selected by a qualified doctor!

The drug “Afala” – taking care of men’s health

Paracetamol for back pain

Objective

To find out how effective paracetamol is in the treatment of non-specific low back pain.Nonspecific low back pain or low back pain of unclear etiology is low back pain for which there is no clear definition of the disease or condition.

Relevance

Paracetamol is one of the most commonly prescribed medications for people with low back pain. It is recommended by clinical guidelines for various diseases (diagnostic and treatment protocols), which are published to help the doctor. However, the results of recent studies have raised the question: how effective is paracetamol actually?

Search date

Evidence is current to August 2015.

Research characteristics

In this review, we included three trials with a total of 1,825 patients, two of which included individuals with recent onset of pain (acute type), and the third included participants with pain that lasted more than six weeks (chronic type). Most of the people in this study (90%) were middle-aged and were included in the study from the only trial that looked at acute back pain.All three trials compared the effect of paracetamol with a placebo (a dummy that contains nothing that could act as a drug). Patients were given a variety of treatments, from a single intravenous injection of one gram of paracetamol (1 g intravenously) to an oral dose of four grams taken over a 24 hour period for up to four weeks. The follow-up period for participants ranged from one day to twelve weeks. The main outcomes we studied were: pain and disability; We also looked at quality of life, whether patients were able to handle their daily activities without difficulty, whether there were unpleasant or unwanted side effects, how participants rated how much better they felt, quality of sleep, whether they were taking the medication as prescribed, and whether it was necessary in the emergency reception of another analgesic – rescue medication – due to the fact that paracetamol did not work.We pooled results from two trials into one analysis (meta-analysis) that compared paracetamol to placebo; the third study did not report results for placebo and therefore could not be included.