What are the common causes of lumps under the skin. How can you identify potentially serious swellings. When should you seek medical attention for a lump or swelling. What are the treatment options for various types of lumps and swellings.

Types of Lumps and Swellings: Identifying Common Causes

Lumps and swellings under the skin can be caused by various factors, ranging from harmless to potentially serious conditions. Understanding the different types can help in proper identification and timely treatment.

Swollen Lymph Nodes

Lymph nodes are small, bean-shaped structures that play a crucial role in our immune system. They can become swollen due to infections, inflammation, or rarely, cancer.

• Common locations: Neck, armpits, groin
• Texture: Usually soft and movable
• Associated symptoms: May be tender, accompanied by fever or other signs of infection

Lipomas

Lipomas are benign fatty tumors that develop between the skin and underlying muscle layer.

• Texture: Soft and doughy
• Mobility: Can be moved easily with slight pressure
• Pain: Usually painless

Cysts

Cysts are fluid-filled sacs that can develop in various parts of the body.

• Common types: Sebaceous cysts, epidermoid cysts
• Texture: Smooth and round
• Pain: Generally painless unless infected

Recognizing Potentially Serious Swellings: When to Be Concerned

While many lumps and swellings are harmless, some may indicate more serious conditions. It’s important to recognize warning signs that warrant immediate medical attention.

Red Flags for Lumps and Swellings

• Rapid growth or sudden appearance
• Persistent pain or tenderness
• Changes in skin color or texture over the lump
• Hardness or immobility of the lump
• Accompanying symptoms like fever, weight loss, or night sweats

Is a rapidly growing lump always a cause for concern? While not all fast-growing lumps are cancerous, sudden changes in size or appearance should be evaluated by a healthcare professional promptly.

Diagnostic Approaches: How Medical Professionals Evaluate Lumps

When you consult a healthcare provider about a lump or swelling, they may employ various diagnostic methods to determine its nature and cause.

Physical Examination

The initial step often involves a thorough physical examination, where the doctor will assess the lump’s size, shape, texture, and mobility.

Imaging Studies

Depending on the location and characteristics of the lump, various imaging techniques may be used:

• Ultrasound: Useful for distinguishing solid masses from fluid-filled cysts
• CT scan: Provides detailed cross-sectional images of the affected area
• MRI: Offers high-resolution images, particularly useful for soft tissue evaluation

Biopsy

In some cases, a biopsy may be necessary to determine the exact nature of the lump. This involves taking a small sample of tissue for microscopic examination.

How does a biopsy help in diagnosis? A biopsy can definitively determine whether a lump is benign or malignant, and in the case of cancer, identify the specific type and grade.

Treatment Options: Addressing Different Types of Lumps and Swellings

The treatment approach for lumps and swellings varies depending on their cause, location, and severity.

Conservative Management

For many benign lumps, a wait-and-watch approach may be recommended:

• Monitoring for changes in size or appearance
• Application of warm compresses for swollen lymph nodes
• Over-the-counter pain relievers for discomfort

Medications

In cases where infection is suspected or confirmed, antibiotics may be prescribed. Anti-inflammatory medications can help reduce swelling and pain in some cases.

Surgical Interventions

Some lumps may require surgical removal, especially if they are:

• Causing significant discomfort or cosmetic concerns
• Suspected to be cancerous
• Interfering with normal bodily functions

Can all lumps be surgically removed? While many lumps can be surgically excised, the decision depends on factors such as location, size, and potential risks associated with the procedure.

Preventing Complications: Managing Lumps and Swellings Effectively

Proper management of lumps and swellings is crucial to prevent potential complications and ensure optimal outcomes.

Follow-up Care

Regular follow-up appointments are essential, especially for lumps that are being monitored. This allows for timely detection of any changes or progression.

Lifestyle Modifications

In some cases, lifestyle changes can help manage certain types of lumps or prevent their recurrence:

• Maintaining good hygiene to prevent infections
• Avoiding trauma to the affected area
• Managing underlying health conditions that may contribute to lump formation

Self-examination

Regular self-examination can help in early detection of new lumps or changes in existing ones. This is particularly important for individuals with a history of certain conditions or those at higher risk for specific types of lumps.

How often should you perform self-examinations? While there’s no one-size-fits-all answer, monthly self-exams are generally recommended, especially for breast and testicular self-examinations.

Special Considerations: Lumps and Swellings in Specific Populations

Certain groups may require special attention when it comes to lumps and swellings due to unique risk factors or considerations.

Children

Lumps and swellings in children can have different implications compared to adults:

• Faster growth and development can lead to more rapid changes in lumps
• Certain childhood-specific conditions, such as lymphadenitis, are more common
• Parental anxiety may necessitate more thorough explanations and reassurance

Elderly Individuals

Older adults may face unique challenges when dealing with lumps and swellings:

• Higher risk of certain cancers necessitates more vigilant monitoring
• Comorbidities can complicate diagnosis and treatment
• Age-related changes in skin and tissue can affect the appearance and behavior of lumps

Immunocompromised Patients

Individuals with weakened immune systems require special attention:

• Higher susceptibility to infections can lead to more frequent occurrences of swollen lymph nodes
• Increased risk of certain cancers that may present as lumps or swellings
• Potential for atypical presentations of common conditions

Why is prompt evaluation crucial for immunocompromised individuals with new lumps or swellings? Due to their compromised immune function, these patients may develop serious infections or malignancies more rapidly, making early detection and treatment essential.

Emerging Research: New Insights into Lump and Swelling Management

Ongoing research continues to shed light on better ways to diagnose, treat, and manage various types of lumps and swellings.

Advanced Imaging Techniques

Innovations in imaging technology are improving our ability to characterize lumps non-invasively:

• Elastography: Uses sound waves to assess tissue stiffness, helping differentiate benign from malignant lesions
• Molecular imaging: Utilizes targeted tracers to visualize specific cellular processes, aiding in early cancer detection

Targeted Therapies

For certain types of lumps, especially those related to cancer, targeted therapies are showing promise:

• Immunotherapy: Harnesses the body’s immune system to fight cancer cells
• Gene-targeted treatments: Address specific genetic mutations driving tumor growth

Minimally Invasive Procedures

Advancements in surgical techniques are making lump removal less invasive:

• Cryoablation: Uses extreme cold to destroy abnormal tissue
• Radiofrequency ablation: Employs heat generated by radio waves to eliminate tumors

How are these emerging technologies changing the landscape of lump management? These advancements are leading to more precise diagnoses, personalized treatment plans, and less invasive interventions, potentially improving outcomes and reducing recovery times for patients.

Patient Education: Empowering Individuals in Lump and Swelling Care

Educating patients about lumps and swellings is crucial for promoting early detection and appropriate care-seeking behavior.

Understanding Normal vs. Abnormal

Helping patients distinguish between normal bodily variations and potentially concerning lumps is essential:

• Provide clear descriptions of common benign lumps
• Explain warning signs that warrant medical attention
• Encourage awareness of one’s own body to notice changes

Promoting Self-Care Practices

Empowering patients with self-care strategies can help manage minor lumps and swellings:

• Proper hygiene techniques to prevent infections
• Safe home remedies for common swellings, such as swollen lymph nodes
• Stress management techniques, as stress can sometimes exacerbate certain types of swellings

Addressing Psychological Impact

The discovery of a lump or swelling can cause significant anxiety. Healthcare providers should:

• Offer reassurance when appropriate
• Provide clear, honest information about the diagnostic process
• Connect patients with support resources if needed

How can effective patient education improve outcomes in lump and swelling management? By empowering patients with knowledge and self-care skills, we can promote earlier detection, reduce unnecessary anxiety, and improve adherence to treatment plans, ultimately leading to better health outcomes.

Understanding lumps and swellings is crucial for maintaining overall health and wellbeing. While many are harmless, some can indicate serious underlying conditions. By staying informed about the various types, causes, and warning signs associated with lumps and swellings, individuals can take proactive steps in their healthcare. Regular self-examinations, prompt medical consultation when necessary, and adherence to recommended follow-up care are key components of effective management. As research continues to advance our understanding and treatment options, the outlook for managing lumps and swellings continues to improve. Remember, early detection and timely intervention often lead to the best outcomes, so don’t hesitate to seek medical advice if you notice any unusual changes in your body.

Swollen Glands, Hernias, and Other Lumps Under the Skin | CS Mott Children’s Hospital

Are you concerned about swollen glands or other lumps under the skin?

Yes

Concern about swollen glands or lumps under skin

No

Concern about swollen glands or lumps under skin

How old are you?

Less than 12 years

Less than 12 years

12 years or older

12 years or older

Are you male or female?

Why do we ask this question?

• If you are transgender or nonbinary, choose the sex that matches the body parts (such as ovaries, testes, prostate, breasts, penis, or vagina) you now have in the area where you are having symptoms.
• If your symptoms aren’t related to those organs, you can choose the gender you identify with.
• If you have some organs of both sexes, you may need to go through this triage tool twice (once as “male” and once as “female”). This will make sure that the tool asks the right questions for you.

Can you feel a lump in the neck or throat?

Yes

Lump in throat or neck

Did the lump develop quickly (over hours)?

Yes

Lump in neck or throat developed quickly

No

Lump in neck or throat developed quickly

Are you having trouble breathing (more than a stuffy nose)?

Yes

Difficulty breathing more than a stuffy nose

No

Difficulty breathing more than a stuffy nose

Are you having trouble swallowing?

Can you swallow food or fluids at all?

Yes

Able to swallow food or fluids

No

Unable to swallow food or fluids

Is your voice hoarse for no clear reason?

Yes

Unexplained hoarseness

Do you have any symptoms of hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism?

The thyroid gland sits in your neck in front of your windpipe. It can become swollen if it’s not working properly.

Yes

Symptoms of hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism

No

Symptoms of hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism

Are there red streaks leading away from the area or pus draining from it?

Do you have diabetes, a weakened immune system, peripheral arterial disease, or any surgical hardware in the area?

“Hardware” includes things like artificial joints, plates or screws, catheters, and medicine pumps.

Yes

Diabetes, immune problems, peripheral arterial disease, or surgical hardware in affected area

No

Diabetes, immune problems, peripheral arterial disease, or surgical hardware in affected area

Do you think you may have a fever?

How bad is the pain on a scale of 0 to 10, if 0 is no pain and 10 is the worst pain you can imagine?

8 to 10: Severe pain

Severe pain

5 to 7: Moderate pain

Moderate pain

1 to 4: Mild pain

Mild pain

Has the pain lasted for more than 3 days?

Yes

Pain for more than 3 days

No

Pain for more than 3 days

Is it a soft lump near the belly button, the groin, or the site of a past surgery?

This type of lump could be a hernia.

Yes

Soft lump near belly button, groin, or surgical site

No

Soft lump near belly button, groin, or surgical site

Does the pain go away when you press on the lump?

Yes

Pain goes away when lump is pressed

No

Pain goes away when lump is pressed

Have you had the lump or swollen gland for more than 2 weeks?

Yes

Swollen gland or lump for more than 2 weeks

No

Swollen gland or lump for more than 2 weeks

Many things can affect how your body responds to a symptom and what kind of care you may need. These include:

• Your age. Babies and older adults tend to get sicker quicker.
• Your overall health. If you have a condition such as diabetes, HIV, cancer, or heart disease, you may need to pay closer attention to certain symptoms and seek care sooner.
• Medicines you take. Certain medicines, such as blood thinners (anticoagulants), medicines that suppress the immune system like steroids or chemotherapy, herbal remedies, or supplements can cause symptoms or make them worse.
• Recent health events, such as surgery or injury. These kinds of events can cause symptoms afterwards or make them more serious.
• Your health habits and lifestyle, such as eating and exercise habits, smoking, alcohol or drug use, sexual history, and travel.

Try Home Treatment

You have answered all the questions. Based on your answers, you may be able to take care of this problem at home.

• Try home treatment to relieve the symptoms.
• Call your doctor if symptoms get worse or you have any concerns (for example, if symptoms are not getting better as you would expect). You may need care sooner.

Pain in adults and older children

• Severe pain (8 to 10): The pain is so bad that you can’t stand it for more than a few hours, can’t sleep, and can’t do anything else except focus on the pain.
• Moderate pain (5 to 7): The pain is bad enough to disrupt your normal activities and your sleep, but you can tolerate it for hours or days. Moderate can also mean pain that comes and goes even if it’s severe when it’s there.
• Mild pain (1 to 4): You notice the pain, but it is not bad enough to disrupt your sleep or activities.

Symptoms of infection may include:

• Increased pain, swelling, warmth, or redness in or around the area.
• Red streaks leading from the area.
• Pus draining from the area.
• A fever.

Certain health conditions and medicines weaken the immune system’s ability to fight off infection and illness. Some examples in adults are:

• Diseases such as diabetes, cancer, heart disease, and HIV/AIDS.
• Long-term alcohol and drug problems.
• Steroid medicines, which may be used to treat a variety of conditions.
• Chemotherapy and radiation therapy for cancer.
• Other medicines used to treat autoimmune disease.
• Medicines taken after organ transplant.
• Not having a spleen.

Hyperthyroidism occurs when your body has too much thyroid hormone.

Symptoms of hyperthyroidism may include:

• Tiredness.
• Muscle weakness.
• Weight loss.
• Sweating and not being able to tolerate hot temperatures.
• Fast heart rate.
• Feeling edgy or anxious.
• Enlarged thyroid gland (your thyroid gland is in your neck).

Hypothyroidism occurs when the thyroid gland does not make enough thyroid hormone.

Symptoms of hypothyroidism may include:

• Tiredness and weakness.
• Weight gain.
• Depression.
• Memory problems.
• Constipation.
• Dry skin, brittle nails, and coarse, thinning hair.
• Not being able to tolerate cold temperatures.

A soft lump in one of these areas (belly button, groin, past surgical site) may be a hernia. A hernia can occur when there is a weakening in the muscle wall and part of an internal organ (often part of the bowel) pushes through.

With a hernia, the lump may go away when you press on it or lie down, and it may get worse when you cough. It may or may not be painful.

Symptoms of difficulty breathing can range from mild to severe. For example:

• You may feel a little out of breath but still be able to talk (mild difficulty breathing), or you may be so out of breath that you cannot talk at all (severe difficulty breathing).
• It may be getting hard to breathe with activity (mild difficulty breathing), or you may have to work very hard to breathe even when you’re at rest (severe difficulty breathing).

Seek Care Today

Based on your answers, you may need care soon. The problem probably will not get better without medical care.

• Call your doctor today to discuss the symptoms and arrange for care.
• If you cannot reach your doctor or you don’t have one, seek care today.
• If it is evening, watch the symptoms and seek care in the morning.
• If the symptoms get worse, seek care sooner.

Seek Care Now

Based on your answers, you may need care right away. The problem is likely to get worse without medical care.

• Call your doctor now to discuss the symptoms and arrange for care.
• If you cannot reach your doctor or you don’t have one, seek care in the next hour.
• You do not need to call an ambulance unless:
  • You cannot travel safely either by driving yourself or by having someone else drive you.
  • You are in an area where heavy traffic or other problems may slow you down.

Make an Appointment

Based on your answers, the problem may not improve without medical care.

• Make an appointment to see your doctor in the next 1 to 2 weeks.
• If appropriate, try home treatment while you are waiting for the appointment.
• If symptoms get worse or you have any concerns, call your doctor. You may need care sooner.

Call 911 Now

Based on your answers, you need emergency care.

Call 911 or other emergency services now.

Sometimes people don’t want to call 911. They may think that their symptoms aren’t serious or that they can just get someone else to drive them. Or they might be concerned about the cost. But based on your answers, the safest and quickest way for you to get the care you need is to call 911 for medical transport to the hospital.

Sebaceous Cysts: Treatment & Cause

Overview

What is a sebaceous cyst? What does it look like?

A cyst is a slow-growing, protein-filled, dome-like, yellow or white lump that can move easily under the skin. There are many types of cysts – hundreds, actually. Unlike epidermoid cysts, which originate from the skin, and unlike pilar cysts, which come from hair follicles, true sebaceous cysts are rare and originate from your sebaceous glands.

Sebaceous cysts can be found on your entire body (except the palms of your hands and the soles of your feet). When squeezed, the punctum (a small dome-shaped projection) will appear. Through that opening, the fluid (sebum) inside may be squeezed out.

Sebaceous cysts are usually harmless. Very few can become malignant (cancerous).

Epidermal inclusion cysts are sometimes mixed up with sebaceous cysts. Note that epidermal inclusion cysts do not involve the sebaceous gland.

What are the sebaceous glands?

Sebaceous glands are located all over your body, especially where there’s hair, although there are few on your hands and feet and zero on your palms and soles. The locations with the greatest glands per square centimeter include the ear canal, genitals, mid-back, chin and forehead. Each gland is made up of a lobe connected by ducts. Most sebaceous glands connect to hair follicles while others open on the surface of your skin. Your sebaceous glands produce a mixture of lipids called sebum. The lipids include:

• Glycerides.
• Wax esters.
• Free fatty acids.
• Squalene.
• Cholesterol.
• Cholesterol esters.

Each sebaceous gland lives for about a week and produces sebum when it disintegrates. Sebum makes up part of the oil on your skin. It has several functions:

• Sebum reduces water loss from the surface of your skin.
• Sebum causes some of your body odor.
• Sebum protects your skin from infection by bacteria and fungi.
• Sebum is colonized by a bacteria called Propionibacterium. Propionibacterium and may play a role in regulating the immune system.

Are sebaceous cysts common?

Sebaceous cysts are far less common than other types of similar cysts such as epidermoid cysts and pilar cysts.

Are sebaceous cysts painful?

Sebaceous cysts normally don’t hurt, but they can become tender, sore and red if they get infected. One sign of infection is redness and swelling around the cyst or foul-smelling drainage seeping out of the cyst. See your healthcare provider if you have such symptoms.

Are sebaceous cysts cancerous?

Sebaceous cysts are common and harmless but, rarely, a sebaceous cyst can become malignant (cancerous).

A sebaceous cyst is possibly cancerous if it has any of these characteristics:

• A sign of infection such as pain, redness or pus drainage.
• A fast rate of growth after being removed.
• A diameter that’s larger than five centimeters.

It is difficult for the layman to tell whether a lump is a cyst or something else. If it’s not a sebaceous cyst, then you might need some sort of treatment. See your healthcare provider.

What’s the difference between a cyst and a boil?

A boil is a painful collection of pus that forms in the skin because of a bacterial infection. Sometimes a sebaceous cyst can become infected, developing into a boil or skin abscess.

Who do sebaceous cysts affect?

You can get a sebaceous cyst at any age.

Are sebaceous cysts contagious?

No, sebaceous cysts are not contagious.

Are sebaceous cysts permanent?

A sebaceous cyst may go away on its own. However, without treatment, you could have it for life.

Symptoms and Causes

What causes sebaceous cysts?

Sebaceous cysts come from your sebaceous glands. Cysts can develop if the gland or its duct (the passage through which the sebum leaves for the skin) gets damaged or blocked. This usually happens as a result of some sort of trauma in the area such as a scratch, a surgical wound, or a skin condition like acne. The cysts can also form because of a misshapen or deformed duct, or genetic conditions such as basal cell nevus syndrome.

What are the symptoms of sebaceous cysts?

The main symptom of a sebaceous cyst is a small lump under the skin. The lump is usually not painful. In some cases, however, cysts can get inflamed and become tender to the touch. The skin on the area of the cyst may be red and/or warm if the cyst is inflamed.

Do certain foods worsen or improve a sebaceous cyst?

No known foods or drinks affect sebaceous cysts.

Is a sebaceous cyst a sign of cancer?

Sebaceous cysts are rarely harmful. However, there have been some rare cases where the cysts have become malignant. Discuss your concerns with your healthcare provider.

How long do sebaceous cysts last?

Some cysts go away on their own while others continue to grow until you get treatment. Without treatment, you may have the sebaceous cyst for the rest of your life.

Diagnosis and Tests

How are sebaceous cysts diagnosed?

Sebaceous cysts are far less common than epidermoid cysts. Although the appearance of a sebaceous cyst may be slightly yellowish, the diagnosis is officially confirmed after a pathologist examines the cyst after removal. In some cases, the healthcare provider will perform a biopsy to rule out other skin growths.

What tests are done on sebaceous cysts?

If your healthcare provider suspects that your sebaceous cyst is abnormal and possibly cancerous, he or she may order the following tests:

• An ultrasound to determine the contents of the cyst.
• A punch biopsy. This is where a small amount of the tissue from the cyst is removed and examined for signs of cancer.
• A CT scan. This scan is done if your healthcare provider thinks you may need to have surgery to remove the sebaceous cyst. It will help the surgeon find the best route and identify any abnormalities.

Management and Treatment

How are sebaceous cysts treated?

If the cyst is small, not growing and not bothersome, the sebaceous cysts can be ignored, as they usually are not dangerous. If a small cyst becomes inflamed, your healthcare provider may inject it with a steroid drug to reduce swelling. A healthcare provider may drain a cyst that is large, tender, or inflamed. Larger cysts may need to be removed if they cause hair loss on the scalp, or interfere with clothing.

When your cyst is removed you’ll be given a local anesthetic to numb your skin. Your healthcare provider will make a cut and squeeze out the protein inside. If the entire cyst is removed, the cyst likely will not come back; but if part of the lining remains, the cyst will likely recur.

Your healthcare provider may use one of the following methods to get rid of your sebaceous cyst:

• Laser-aided excision. The cyst is drained when a laser makes a small hole.
• Conventional wide excision. This procedure leaves a long scar after the cyst is removed.
• Minimal excision. The cyst is removed using a smaller incision in the skin overlying the cyst.
• Punch excision. The cyst and a small margin of normal skin around it are removed using a cookie-cutter like scalpel.

Never try to burst and drain the cyst yourself. That could spread an infection and the cyst could grow back.

What medications help with sebaceous cysts?

If you think the sebaceous cyst is infected then you should see your healthcare provider right away. You might need antibiotics.

Is there a cure for a sebaceous cyst?

Your healthcare provider may be able to drain the cyst or they’ll refer you to a surgeon to remove it.

Are there complications or side effects of the treatment?

You’ll likely have a scar after your healthcare provider removes the cyst. There’s also a chance of infection, so your healthcare provider may give you an antibiotic ointment to apply after the procedure.

Should I see a specialist?

Only some healthcare providers can remove cysts. If your regular healthcare provider can’t do it then you’ll be referred to a specialist.

Are there any at-home remedies that can help with sebaceous cysts?

Help reduce inflammation by holding a warm towel against the cyst.

Prevention

How can I reduce my risk of sebaceous cysts?

The best thing you can do to prevent a sebaceous cyst is to prevent traumas that may cause it. Avoid being scratched or hit. Get your acne treated by a dermatologist.

What medications can I take to reduce my risk of sebaceous cysts?

Although there are no medicines that can keep you from getting a sebaceous cyst, you can prevent a removed cyst from returning if you have surgery.

What foods should I avoid to reduce my risk of sebaceous cysts?

What you eat and drink has no effect on sebaceous cysts.

Outlook / Prognosis

What can I expect if I’ve been diagnosed with sebaceous cysts?

If you’ve been diagnosed with a sebaceous cyst, then you have the option to get treatment, or to wait and see if it goes away. If you decide on treatment, you can choose what kind you want – whether it’s draining the cyst or having it surgically removed.

How long will I have sebaceous cysts?

Your sebaceous cyst may get better on its own. If it doesn’t, you can get treatment to remove it.

Can sebaceous cysts get worse?

Sebaceous cysts can grow with time. Some get so big that they interfere with how you wear clothes. Sometimes the only option is to surgically remove them.

Living With

What is it like living with sebaceous cysts?

Living with sebaceous cysts can be difficult for some people, especially if the sebaceous cyst is in a very obvious spot like on the hand or scalp.

How do I take care of myself?

Report your symptoms to your healthcare provider. Never try to burst and drain the cyst yourself. That could spread an infection and the cyst could grow back. Keep an eye out for signs of infection. Report them to your healthcare provider.

When should I see my healthcare provider about sebaceous cysts?

Always see your healthcare provider if you find a lump on your skin. If might be a sebaceous cyst, another type of cyst, or something else. Don’t try to diagnose yourself. Don’t rely on the internet. See your healthcare provider for a clear diagnosis and specialized treatment.

What questions should I ask my healthcare provider about sebaceous cysts?

• Do I have a sebaceous cyst or another type of cyst?
• Do you think this will go away on its own, or will it need treatment?
• Do you think the sebaceous cyst will get bigger?
• What treatment options do you recommend?
• Do I need to see a specialist or a surgeon?
• What should I do if the cyst comes back after the procedure?

A note from Cleveland Clinic

Don’t hesitate to contact your healthcare provider about anything wrong with your skin. Even if you’re concerned for cosmetic reasons, that doesn’t mean you shouldn’t take care of your skin. Be cautious. The lump on your skin might be a harmless, benign sebaceous cyst, or it might be something dangerous. Rely on your healthcare provider for a clear diagnosis and correct treatment options.

Chin Lump – Symptoms, Causes, Treatments

A chin lump is a protuberance or localized area of swelling that can occur anywhere on the chin. Other terms used to describe the various types of chin lumps include bump, nodule, contusion, tumor and cyst. Lumps can be caused by many conditions, including infections, inflammation, tumors or trauma. Depending on the cause, lumps may be single or multiple, soft or firm, painful or painless. They may grow rapidly or they may stay the same size.

Chin lumps due to local infections may appear as boils or abscesses. Many types of infections cause the lymph nodes to enlarge and feel like lumps, most commonly in the neck near the jawbone. Traumatic causes of lumps range from bug bites to severe injuries that can produce a localized collection of blood in the tissues (hematoma).

Both benign and malignant tumors of the skin, soft tissues, or organs can sometimes feel like lumps. In these cases, either a biopsy or surgical removal of the lump can determine whether cancer is present. Skin cysts, which are fluid-filled, sac-like structures that can form in various parts of the body, often feel like lumps. Cysts can also develop in the jawbone and these are firm, nontender, and slowly enlarging. Some cysts may be present at birth, while others develop as a result of inflammation or tumors.

Lumps caused by infection, inflammation or trauma are usually temporary and subside as the underlying condition resolves. Lumps that persist or continue to grow over time may signal more serious conditions such as tumors. A lump on the chin that is associated with head trauma may be accompanied by bleeding in the brain or another emergency and may have life-threatening complications.
Seek immediate medical care (call 911) if you, or someone you are with, have a lump on the chin as a result of a head injury.

If you have any lump that is persistent or causes you concern,
seek prompt medical care.

Lumps, Bumps & Cysts – Owen Brown Columbia, MD: MD Vein & Skin Specialists

There are literally hundreds of different kinds of lumps, bumps and cysts associated with the skin. Fortunately, the vast majority of these are harmless and painless. The chart below provides a guide for some of the most common forms of skin lumps, bumps and cysts.

Dermatofibromas

Characteristics

• Red, brown or purple growth; generally benign
• Usually found on arms and legs
• Feels like a hard lump
• Can be itchy, tender to the touch and sometimes painful

Treatment

• Usually does not require treatment
• Most common removal by surgical excision or cryotherapy (freezing it off with liquid nitrogen)

Epidermoid Cysts (Sebaceous Cysts)

Characteristics

• Round small bumps, usually white or yellow
• Forms from blocked oil glands in the skin
• Most commonly appear on the face, back, neck, trunk and genitals
• Usually benign; occasionally leads to basal or squamous cell skin cancers
• If infected, will become red and tender
• Can produce a thick yellow, cheese-like discharge when squeezed

Treatment

• Antibiotics might be prescribed if there is an underlying infection
• Dermatologist removes the discharge and the sac (capsule) that make up the walls of the cyst to prevent recurrence
• Laser surgery may be used for sensitive areas of the skin, like the face

Folliculitis

Characteristics

• Red pimples around areas having hair
• Inflammation of the hair follicles
• Caused by infection or chemical or physical irritation (e. g., shaving, fabrics)
• Higher incidence among people with diabetes, the obese or those with compromised immune systems

Treatment

• Topical antibiotics
• Oral antibiotics
• Antifungal medications
• Eliminating the cause

Keratoacanthoma

Characteristics

• Red, dome-shaped, thick bumps with craters in the center
• Abnormal growth of hair cells
• Triggered by minor skin injury such as a cut or bug bite
• Ultraviolet radiation from sun exposure is the most common risk factor

Treatment

• Cryotherapy (freezing off the bump with liquid nitrogen
• Curettage (surgically cutting out or scraping off)

Keratosis Pilaris

Characteristics

• Small, rough white or red bumps that neither itch nor hurt
• Usually worse during winter months or when there is low humidity and the skin gets dry

Treatment

• Usually does not require treatment
• In most cases disappears on its own by age 30
• Intensive moisturizing is the first line of treatment
• For more difficult cases, use of medicated creams with urea or alpha-hydroxy acids

Lipomas

Characteristics

• Soft fatty tissue tumors or nodules below the skin’s surface
• Usually slow growing and benign
• Appear most commonly on the trunk, shoulders and neck
• May be single or multiple
• Usually painless unless putting pressure on a nerve

Treatment

• Usually does not require treatment unless it is compressing on the surrounding tissue
• Easy to remove via excision

Neurofibromas

Characteristics

• Soft fleshy growths under the skin
• Slow growing and generally benign and painless
• Pain may indicate a need for medical attention
• May experience an electrical shock at the touch

Treatment

• Usually does not require treatment, particularly if it does not cause any symptoms
• If it affects a nerve, it may be removed surgically

Skin Cysts

Characteristics

• Closed pockets of tissue that can be filled with fluid or pus
• Can appear anywhere on the skin
• Smooth to the touch; feels like a pea underneath the surface
• Slow growing and generally is painless and benign
• Only needs attention if it becomes infected or inflamed

Treatment

• Usually does not require treatment; often disappears on its own
• May need to be drained by a physician
• Inflamed cysts respond to an injection of cortisone, which causes it to shrivel

Types of Cysts

Dermoid Cyst

A non-cancerous sac that you have at birth but may not see as a bump until later in life.

Signs and Symptoms

Painless bump; often shows up on your face near your eyebrows, on your scalp, on your chest, or over your collarbone; it may contain fluid, pus, a foreign body or other type of body tissue.

Treatment

Surgery to remove the cyst because it will not go away on its own.

Ganglion Cyst

Swelling or bump that is on top of a joint or tendon; you usually find it on your hand but may also find it on your knees or feet.

Signs and Symptoms

Small bump ¼ to 1¼ inches; you find it on your hands, knees, or feet; it comes and goes; most are painful; pain is worse with movement.

Treatment

May disappear on its own, or your doctor may want to treat it by:

• Fluid aspiration (the doctor uses a needle and syringe to pull some fluid from the cyst) 
• Surgery to remove the cyst while you are asleep

Lipoma

Soft tissue mass that feels soft and rubbery; slow growing; harmless.

Signs and Symptoms

You can find a lipoma alone or in groups; it is usually less than 2 inches in size; you can find it on your shoulders, neck, stomach, chest, back or other places.

Treatment

You may not need any treatment.

Your doctor may want you to have surgery if:

• Your lipoma is growing quickly.
• It is getting very painful.
• The way it looks really bothers you.
• It is pressing on a nerve and causing numbness or changes in feelings around the site.

Pilomatrixoma

Calcified cyst that you may find on your head, neck, arms or legs; non-cancerous lesion.

Sign and Symptoms

Small, hard bump under the skin; 1¼ inches or less in size usually on your face, head, neck or arms; painless.

Treatment

Your doctor will probably recommend surgery to remove; pilomatrixomas usually do not regrow after surgery.

Pyogenic Granuloma

Small, red, raised non-cancerous bump or series of bumps on your hands, arms or face; often where you may have had an injury.

Signs and Symptoms

Bumps; you may have some bleeding.

Treatment

May go away without treatment or you may need surgery; some can be treated by freezing.

Sebaceous Cyst

Also called epidermoid or pilar cyst; slow growing; painless; thought to come from a blocked hair follicle; you can find it on your face, neck, chest, stomach or back.

Signs and Symptoms

Round bump on face, neck, chest, stomach or back; yours may be as little as less than 1/16 of an inch or as large as 4 inches in size; varies from painless to very reddened and painful; can have drainage that is a cheesy-like, stinky fluid.

Treatments

If you have pain and swelling, try warm, moist compresses for relief; if your cyst does not go away on its own, your doctor will probably recommend surgery.

How to Tell a Lump From a Lymph Node

Lymph nodes are tiny organs that appear throughout the body and function as part of the lymphatic system. The lymphatic system is an extension of the immune system. Lymph nodes filter a fluid called lymph, trapping bacteria and other harmful substances. Because of their function, they often become swollen during an infection.

Illustration by Jessica Olah, Verywell

Identifying Lymph Nodes

Lymph nodes are found in the neck, armpits, chest, abdomen, and groin. Medical professionals know where these nodes are located, which helps a lot when it comes to diagnosing lumps. Swollen lymph nodes are often accompanied by other symptoms of infection.

When you have enlarged lymph nodes, people, or even doctors, might refer to them as swollen glands. This can be confusing because a true gland is an organ that secretes something—hormones, saliva, oil, etc.

If you have an active infection, you might be able to feel lumps in your neck, especially under the jaw and chin—these are lymph nodes. They should return to their normal size when the infection clears up.

Some of the more common illnesses that can cause swollen lymph nodes include:

Infection is by far the most common cause of enlarged lymph nodes. However, enlarged lymph nodes can also be caused by cancer, especially Hodgkin’s disease and ​non-Hodgkins lymphoma. Enlarged lymph nodes can also be caused by immune disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis.

How to Examine Your Lymph Nodes

If your lymph nodes are swollen, you can often feel them by pressing lightly and circling your three middle fingers:

• Behind the ears and under the jawline
• On both sides of the back of your neck
• From the middle of your armpit to the side of your breast
• Along the crease where the thigh meets the pelvis

DermNet / CC BY-NC-ND

Identifying Lumps and Tumors

Abnormal lumps and tumors are often mistaken for lymph nodes due to their location. They can often be differentiated by the hardness, texture, regularity, and whether they are free-floating or attached to other tissues. While most will be benign (noncancerous), some may be malignant (cancerous).

Nodules

A nodule is actually a generic term. It can refer to all kinds of lumps both cancerous and not. Usually, physicians will refer to a lump as a nodule until they can discover exactly what the lump is. Cysts can sometimes be called nodules.

Nodules can form on any part of the body including the thyroid and vocal cords. A nodule can be a solid lump of noncancerous tissue. Whether a nodule should be treated depends on whether or not it is causing symptoms, if or how quickly it is growing, and where it is on the body.

DermNet / CC BY-NC-ND

Cysts

Cysts are fluid-filled sacs of tissue that appear as lumps. They are not solid. Cysts can occur in almost every area of the body. Depending on their size and location they may have to be surgically drained. Many cysts go away on their own.

DermNet / CC BY-NC-ND

Lipomas

A lipoma is a benign lump filled with fat. They are not cancerous but sometimes have to be surgically removed depending on their size and location. People who have had one lipoma or a family history of lipomas have a tendency to get them again.

DermNet / CC BY-NC-ND

Goiters or Colloid Nodular Goiters

Goiters are lumps on the thyroid gland. They appear in the front of the neck but can be deviated to one side. Because your thyroid moves up and down when you swallow, goiters and lumps on the thyroid will do this also.

Goiters often indicate abnormal thyroid function but can occur with normal thyroid function as well. Some goiters are caused by iodine deficiency. This was once common in the United States but the prevalence has decreased dramatically since table salt has become iodine fortified.

Goiters may be treated with medication, such as Synthroid (levothyroxine) if they are caused by thyroid hormone deficiency, or by radioactive iodine if they are related to too much thyroid hormone.  In some cases, they may have to be surgically removed.

DermNet / CC BY-NC-ND

Boils

Boils are skin infections that can appear as lumps. Most of the time they are close to the surface of the skin and pus may come out of them. However, this is not always the case. Boils can be deep and appear or be palpated as a fairly large hard lump. They can occur at any place on the body.

Boils are treated with drainage. Occasionally, antibiotics are also necessary—either topical or taken by mouth in pill form, or in extreme cases intravenously. Sometimes they may have to be drained by a surgeon, known as an I&D (incision and drainage).

DermNet / CC BY-NC-ND

Malignant Tumors

Malignant or cancerous lumps are called tumors. While some sources say that the definition of a tumor is an abnormal growth of any tissue, the term is not usually used to define a benign growth. Cancer cells are mutated cells that grow and enlarge at an abnormal rate and can be very difficult to stop. There are thousands of ways to classify tumor types.

While there are many symptoms of cancer, a visible lump is often the first thing a patient will notice and seek treatment for. This is why, despite the overwhelming odds that a lump will be noncancerous, it is so terrifying to notice any lump on your body and why it is so important to monitor the lump and get medical treatment.

Cancers with palpable lumps are most commonly found in the breast, testicle, or lymph nodes. According to the American Cancer Society, lumps that are fluid-filled and easily rolled in the fingers are less likely to be cancerous than those that are hard, irregular, rooted, and painless.

DermNet / CC BY-NC-ND

Diagnostic Tools

In the case of swollen glands, your doctor will often notice other signs of an infection. If the infection is bacterial, such as strep throat, you will need antibiotics. If the infection is viral, such as in mono, it will take time for your immune system to fight the infection and the glands to decrease in size.

For other lumps, several tests may have to be done. An ultrasound, X-ray, CT scan, or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be useful in telling whether or not the lump is solid or fluid-filled. It can also measure the lumps and sometimes tell how the lump is affecting surrounding structures in the body.

However, ultimately a biopsy will be needed (if the lump is not caused by infection or filled with fluid). A biopsy involves taking a small amount of tissue from the lump and having it analyzed in a laboratory. This will determine exactly what the lump is.

Sometimes the tissue can be retrieved using a needle. Other times the sample will have to be taken surgically. Your doctor will determine if and when you need to have a biopsy and the best way to retrieve the tissue.

Frequently Asked Question

What do swollen lymph nodes mean?

Lymph nodes filter a fluid known as lymph that runs through the body’s lymphatic system. The lymph nodes can become enlarged or swollen when you have an infection and are sometimes referred to as swollen glands. 

What causes swollen lymph nodes? 

Enlarged lymph nodes are caused by infection or illness. Swollen glands commonly occur with the common cold, flu, mononucleosis, strep throat, or dental infections. More serious illnesses that can cause lymph nodes to swell include HIV, rheumatoid arthritis, and certain types of cancer.

What do swollen glands feel like? 

A swollen lymph node feels like a small, soft bump under the skin in the groin, armpit, neck, under the jaw and chin, behind the ears, or on the back of the head. Enlarged lymph nodes range in size from a pea to a grape. Swollen glands often feel tender to the touch and can be uncomfortable.

How are swollen glands treated?

Swollen lymph nodes are a symptom of another illness and not an illness on their own, so the treatment will depend on the cause of the enlarged lymph nodes. If due to a bacterial infection, such as strep throat, your doctor may prescribe antibiotics to clear the infection. To ease the discomfort of swollen glands, try using a warm compress and over-the-counter pain reliever such as Tylenol (acetaminophen) or Advil (ibuprofen).

What is the difference between a cyst and swollen gland? 

Cysts and swollen glands feel similar—they are both soft lumps under the skin. One main difference is the location. Swollen glands only occur where there are lymph nodes: groin, armpit, neck, under the jaw and chin, behind the ears, or on the back of the head. Swollen glands also appear alongside an infection, occur rapidly, then go away in a few days. Cysts can be found in any tissue of the body, but commonly occur under the skin. They are soft, fluid-filled, and moveable. 

Epidermoid Cyst, No Infection

An epidermoid cyst is a small abnormal growth in the top layers of the skin. It’s filled with keratin, the same proteins that make up your hair and nails. An epidermoid cyst may incorrectly be called a sebaceous cyst.

Some general facts about epidermoid cysts:

• An epidermoid cyst is a sac filled with material from skin secretions. It can grow anywhere on the body. But it’s most often found on the face, behind the ears, and on the chest or upper back. It often has an open, enlarged pore in the middle of it.

• The material in the cyst is often cheesy, fatty, or oily. The material can be thick (like cottage cheese) or liquid.

• The area around the cyst may smell bad. If the cyst breaks open, the material inside it often smells bad too.

• The cyst is usually firm and you can usually move it slightly if you try.

• The cyst can be smaller than a pea or as large as a few inches.

• It’s usually not painful, unless it becomes inflamed or infected.

Causes

Epidermoid cysts are caused when skin (epidermal) cells move under the skin surface, or are covered over by it. These cells continue to multiply, like skin does normally. They then form a wall around themselves (cyst) and secrete normal skin material (keratin). In most cases, epidermoid cysts occur for no known reason. They may also occur because of an injury to the skin or from acne

Symptoms

Symptoms of an epidermoid cyst include:

• Feeling a lump just beneath the skin

• It may or may not be painful

• The cyst may or may not smell bad

• The cyst may become inflamed or red

• The cyst may leak fluid or thick material

Home care

Epidermoid cysts often go away without any treatment. If your cyst doesn’t go away, and it bothers you, it may be drained or removed. If the cyst drains on its own, it may return. Resist the temptation to squeeze, pop, stick a needle in it, or cut it open. This often leads to an infection and scarring. If it gets severely inflamed or infected, seek medical care. Be sure to clean the cyst area when bathing or showering. Watch for the signs of infection listed below.

Follow-up care

Follow up with your healthcare provider, or as advised.

When to seek medical advice

Call your healthcare provider right away if any of these occur:

90,000 causes, symptoms, treatment, recovery period and advice from doctors

The susceptibility of the mucous membrane in the cheek area is very high. The appearance of a bump on the cheek may be the result of damage to the mucous membrane, but sometimes it is also a sign of a serious illness. It is necessary to seek professional diagnosis in any case, since over time, a benign neoplasm can acquire a completely different character.

Among other things, a sick person may begin to feel difficulties with eating, as well as in everyday communication, bumps or papilloma tend to increase in size over time.In our article, we will find out what are the main causes of a bump on the cheek, we will figure out what symptoms accompany this ailment and how it is treated.

Causes of the bump

Often, a bump on the cheek appears due to some kind of injury, such a reaction, as a rule, is of a protective nature and is considered completely normal. At the same time, in no case is it recommended to touch the neoplasm in order to allow the wounds to heal properly.

Changes in hormonal levels as a common cause

Another cause of lumps in the mouth on the cheek is changes in hormonal levels.Improper installation of dentures can provoke damage, since the edges of the teeth touch soft tissues, and the mucous membrane simply does not have time to recover. But sometimes a bump on the cheek is a sign of a serious illness.

What else can cause neoplasms?

Lumps on the cheek can form just from scratch, or they can be triggered by various factors. Usually occurs in humans for a number of the following reasons:

• Due to hormonal imbalance.
• As a result of mechanical injury.
• Against the background of viral infections.

In addition, they can act as symptoms of the following diseases:

• Presence of skin fibroids in a person.
• Presence of purulent granulomas.
• Presence of dermatitis or seborrheic keratosis.
• Against the background of soft tissue sarcoma.
• If the patient has xanthoma or basal cell carcinoma.

In any case, it is extremely difficult to identify on your own what exactly could affect the appearance of a bump in the mouth on the cheek, only if this is not provoked by visible factors in the form of, for example, insect bites.Now let’s figure out what symptoms accompany the pathology.

A photo of a bump on the cheek is presented below.

Symptoms of this pathology

As a rule, such a neoplasm has a high growth rate. In just a week, it can develop up to two centimeters in diameter, and sometimes even more.

An additional unpleasant symptom is that a lump on the cheek causes a person extremely painful sensations, starting to bleed and acquiring a convex shape. Against the background of all this, the color of the mucous membrane can change from a bright red to a significantly pronounced purple hue.

What should you do if you have an illness?

After biopsy, these patients may be prescribed the following therapies:

• Surgical treatment for a bump on the cheek under the skin. For this, electronic scissors are used, and immediately after the removal of the neoplasm, the affected area is burned. The therapy is continued in the form of a course of antibiotics.
• Injection treatment. It involves special injections with alcohol, which are made directly to the granuloma area.
• Performing laser treatment.
• Local injections with aletretin gel.

So, a bump appeared on the cheek. Regardless of the size of the pathological outgrowth, one should not drag out with a trip to a specialist, so a person will be able to quickly feel comfortable and avoid all sorts of complications.

Types of this neoplasm

Consider the main types of bumps that appear on the cheeks of people:

• Lipoma is a soft bump, it is also called a wen, as it is formed from cells of adipose tissue. This can occur in the event of a violation of the metabolic process in the body, it is often small in size and does not cause any inconvenience to its owner. In the event that the size of the wen is insignificant, then drug therapy is prescribed, namely, a special medicinal drug is administered. If at least three centimeters are reached, surgical excision will be required, which is performed under local anesthesia.
• Presence of atheroma. When the sebaceous duct is blocked, the secret accumulates under the skin, against the background of this, a lump appears on the cheek in the form of a round and colorless seal with a diameter of one to ten centimeters.In the event that palpation is carried out, then you can notice the mobility of atheroma, as for pain, it is completely absent. Such a tumor will require careful study and treatment, since in an advanced case, side effects may occur in the form of pain, accumulation of pus, inflammation, fever, and the like. Even if at first a person will not feel discomfort except for a violation of aesthetics, it is still highly discouraged to delay therapy. As a rule, patients are prescribed a surgical operation in the form of excision of the lump and capsule, while there is a possibility of scarring of the operated area.
• Treatment of mucocele. This is the name of a cyst that occurs in the oral cavity on the mucous membrane of the cheeks. It can be characterized by a bluish color, no pain, and during palpation, the uniformity of the structure can be felt. Also, sometimes there is a cloudy white liquid inside. An autopsy may occur spontaneously, otherwise it is possible that the bladder will need to be excised. The likely causes are trauma to the salivary glands, along with constant biting of the mucous membrane.Often, such a lump is found in young people.
• With cancer of the salivary gland, a lump may appear in the mouth near the ear on the inner side of the cheek, the nature of the formation will be malignant. As a result, compression of the branch of the trigeminal nerves may occur, the patient may feel numbness in the face. Against the background of all this, muscle tone may deteriorate, and painful sensations will be present in the tonsils. In addition to biopsy, in this case, it is necessary to diagnose by means of computed tomography, according to the results obtained, a specialist will prescribe therapy.

Papillomas as one of the varieties

This growth occurs mainly on the inside of the cheek and looks like a bump on a pedicle. The structure of the bump is soft, usually pink in color and looks like a wart, which has a rough surface and does not cause painful sensations. Such formation is rare, but sometimes it can cover a large area. Localization sites are not only the cheeks, but also the tongue, gums, larynx and palate.

Injury to the papilloma

As a result of regular interaction of the papilloma with various stimuli, especially when eating, it can be injured.In the event of a wound, bacteria accumulate in the affected area, provoking inflammation. The human papillomavirus, which is the source of the aforementioned education, if a person’s immunity is strong, may not declare itself at all, but with a weakening of the body’s defenses, the likelihood of such an illness increases sharply.

For removal, use a surgical technique or impact on the formation with liquid nitrogen. The use of chemicals is not recommended, since this can lead to the degeneration of the tumor into malignant forms.

Which specialist is better to contact with this ailment?

Many patients are not only not aware of how to treat a lump on the inner side of the cheek, they are not even aware of which doctor should be consulted. You should make an appointment with the following specialists:

• First of all, you should go to a dermatologist. This specialist will certainly help to cope with such seals, whether it be a wart, lichen, papilloma, and so on.
• Often, a surgeon is asked to remove a benign tumor and to treat purulent inflammation.
• To the oncologist. After examining and receiving test results, the doctor will be able to exclude the presence of a malignant formation.

But first, it would be better to see a therapist. After the initial examination, the specialist will write out a referral to a doctor of a narrower specialization.

If a lump appears in the mouth on the cheek, treatment should be timely and comprehensive.

Taking Treatment

Fortunately, most of the bumps that form on the cheeks are harmless and do not have serious consequences.In the event that a person develops a lipoma or a small cyst, therapy can be excluded altogether, since such formations often go away on their own, without requiring medical intervention. In rare situations, they can become inflamed, and already in this case, the seal must be pierced so that the contents can freely come out. In addition, a cortisone injection is often prescribed when a cyst occurs.

Follicle

In the event that the growth is a normal follicle, then it can be eliminated with the help of antifungal medications or through the use of antibiotics.The main task in this case is to prevent further spread of the infection. It is worth noting that with incorrect treatment of follicles on the dermis, deep scars sometimes form, which cannot be eliminated on their own.

Lipoma

If we are talking about a lipoma, then it is often removed only in situations when they give their owners cosmetic discomfort along with a feeling of self-doubt. If an abscess occurs on the skin, then it is treated only surgically, while the surrounding tissue is often also removed (in the presence of oncology).

It should be noted that the formation of all kinds of seals on the cheeks are not so uncommon. It is worth knowing that not all of them are considered dangerous, and some may even go through on their own. But in the event that a person has a lump on his cheek, then you should not hesitate and you need to see a specialist as soon as possible.

However, is it possible to get rid of the lump inside on the cheek at home? Let’s talk about this in more detail.

Home therapy

At home, you can start treatment in the event of a single manifestation, when the tendency for the growth of the lump in size does not persist.Here are some recipes that can help you cope with such a disease on your own without seeking medical help:

• In the event that the manifestation is completely fresh, then you should try to use raw chicken egg white several times a day.
• Take a small piece of cotton wool and soak it with castor oil, then apply it to the bump in the cheek area.
• The procedure should be repeated twice a day.
• It is necessary to cut a clove of garlic into slices, and then lubricate the growths with them three times.
• Required to prepare a tincture that requires the peel along with the walnut leaves. You should pour some alcohol on the dry ingredient and let the product stand for two weeks, and then lubricate the formation with it once or twice daily.

Advice from doctors and the recovery period

According to the advice of specialists, after excision of the affected area (in the event that the inner lump on the cheek was surgically removed), the patient should be very careful and take his condition seriously.For example, you should completely revise your diet, excluding rough food from it.

At first, in the event that a bandage was applied to the patient, it is necessary to be extremely careful in order not to touch the seam, it is important to allow it to tighten properly and painlessly. In addition, in the case of excision of areas on the cheeks, the risks of scarring remain.

We must not forget that the operation itself is an additional stress for the body, after it it is very important to strengthen all your strength from the inside.To do this, you will need to eat right, in addition, good sleep is important along with giving up bad habits, and if possible, you should avoid any anxiety and stress. Self-medication is not worth it, seeking medical help will help you quickly cope with the disease.

90,000 12 reasons why you have small bumps on your face

Rest assured that you are not alone if you notice a few small bumps on your face. The good news is that most of these buds, which come in all shapes, colors, and textures, are completely harmless.You can easily identify some of them as acne, while others will need detective work and a doctor to figure out what it really is. In some cases, this could be a sign of more serious concern.

In general, if a bump on your face doesn’t bleed, darken, or change, it probably won’t need any medical intervention, says Joel Schlessinger, MD, dermatologist and RealSelf consultant. Some bumps, such as acne, can often be treated at home or by a dermatologist with a skin care regimen, he said.

But “if the bump changes color or shape, bleeds or grows rapidly, it’s time to schedule an appointment with a board-certified dermatologist to have it checked,” says Dr. Schlessinger. These are signs that the lump may be related to an underlying health problem (more on that in a moment), so it’s important to pay attention to it.

Of course, you may be uncomfortable making an appointment in person right now due to the pandemic. Many doctors, including dermatologists, can provide assistance with virtual sessions, depending on your specific concerns.(Here are some helpful tips on how to make an appointment with your doctor during a pandemic.) If you are worried about something abnormal, if possible, call your dermatologist or your GP to discuss the problem.

But again, many small irregularities are harmless. The following information can help you determine what type of lump you have and whether to report them to your doctor.

1. Comedones

These common bumps can appear on the face and other parts of the body and are divided into two groups: closed comedones (better known as whiteheads) and open comedones (blackheads).

“They are similar in that they are pores clogged with excess oil and dead skin cells,” says Dr. Schlessinger. The difference is that “at the blackheads, the comedone is open, so fatty and dead cells oxidize, turning brown or black,” he explains. On the other hand, whiteheads are covered up, making the cocktail appear white, pinkish or flesh inside.

How to treat and prevent comedones

While not harmful, these bumps can be annoying.To deal with them (and prevent full-blown breakouts), Dr. Schlessinger recommends always washing your face before bed, using a cleanser containing at least 2% salicylic acid (available over the counter). It dissolves dead skin cells, unclogs clogged pores and helps prevent future breakouts. Neutrogena Oil-Free Acne Wash is an affordable, expert-recommended product. Retinoids, benzoyl peroxide, azelaic acid, and oral antibiotics (required with a prescription) may also be helpful.A dermatologist can help you create a skin care regimen that makes sense to you if over-the-counter products don’t work. Be patient and allow the medication time to take effect – for example, using salicylic acid to reduce acne can take several weeks.

It is also important not to use strips to remove blackheads. “The glue used to adhere them to the skin can damage the complexion,” says Dr. Schlessinger. “They also cleanse the skin of natural oils and usually only successfully remove the tops of blackheads, keeping the pores clogged and unresolved.”

2. Inflamed acne

You know you have one of these when you notice that a painful bump appears on your face, sometimes with a large white head and possibly a red circle around it. This happens when bacteria in our pores begin to mix with the excess accumulation of dead cells and oil that causes acne. Inflamed pimples are often red, painful, swollen, and sometimes filled with pus.

If you have inflammatory pimples, no matter what you do, do not squeeze them out, as this can lead to even more redness and inflammation.Plus, it could increase the risk of scar formation, says Jerome Garden, M.D., a dermatologist and director of the Institute for Laser and Dermatological Medicine in Chicago.

How to Treat and Prevent Inflamed Pimples

To try and reduce these breakouts, Dr. Garden recommends using a gentle cleanser containing benzoyl peroxide and oil-free skin care products. You can also add some anti-inflammatories: “Once a pimple has formed, a safe way to quickly reduce inflammation is to mix 1% hydrocortisone cream and benzoyl peroxide cream and apply to the pimple twice a day until the inflammation has resolved.” he says.Cerave Hydrocortisone Cream 1% and La-Roche Posay Effaclar Duo Acne Treatment with Benzoyl Peroxide are two good options.

3. Miles

If you’ve ever noticed a few tiny bumps on your face that look like white dots that didn’t budge no matter how many times you tried to wash them off with an acne cleanser, they were probably harmless cysts known as milia.

These keratin-filled cysts “usually appear around the eyes, cheeks and nose, can occur with any skin type or color, and are generally very common in newborns,” explains Dr. Schlessinger.“Milia often appears without any specific cause, although it is more common in people with skin conditions such as rosacea, as well as in those with excessive sun damage, skin injuries such as burns, or those whose pores are chronically clogged with oil, cosmetics and skin care products. ”

How to treat and prevent milia

Milia are basically dead skin cells stuck under the skin and are not harmful. But if you want to try to get rid of them, Dr. Schlessinger recommends choosing products with alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs) like glycolic or lactic acid to exfoliate your skin. A good option is L’Oréal Revitalift Derm Intensives serum with 10% pure glycolic acid. In addition, the dermatologist can remove the milia with a small incision.

4. Hair keratosis

These tiny, goosebump-like marks usually appear on your thighs and shoulders, says Dr. Schlessinger, but they can also appear on your face. They can sometimes also be hereditary, and while they can appear at any age, they are usually more common in children.

“Hair keratosis bumps can be confused with creeps or even pimples, but they are actually caused by small plugs of dead cells that block the hair follicle,” explains Dr. Schlessinger. “They are not a health hazard and do not require treatment, but regular exfoliation of the skin can help reduce the bumps in keratosis.”

How to treat and prevent hair keratosis

Doctors don’t know why some people, such as those with eczema, are more likely to get hairy keratosis, so there is no real prevention method, according to the Cleveland Clinic. Many people find this condition improves with age. Meanwhile, Dr. Schlessinger recommends a face wash containing glycolic acid, which exfoliates the skin to visibly reduce unevenness. Dry skin can aggravate bumps, which is why the Cleveland Clinic recommends moisturizing your skin with a lotion containing AHA.

5. Moles

Regardless of whether you have had them forever or you just notice that some moles appear on the skin with age, they are completely normal and in most cases harmless.They often appear as brown, red, or flesh-colored spots or bumps on the face as well as other parts of the body and are quite common. In fact, almost every person has at least one mole, according to the American Academy of Dermatological Association.

These types of bumps or blemishes form when melanocytes, the skin cells that produce melanin, clump together or grow into clusters rather than spreading out. Experts aren’t entirely sure what causes moles to form, but sun exposure is thought to increase the number of moles on your skin, explains AAD.

“Moles can be flat or raised and, if harmless, are usually round,” says Dr. Schlessinger. The AAD explains that it is normal for them to brighten or darken with age. A mole that poses no risk for cancer does not require treatment or removal.

How to Treat and Prevent Moles

Common moles usually do not require treatment. According to the AAD, dermatologists remove moles for cosmetic reasons, if the mole rubs against your clothes and it bothers you, or if they suspect the mole may be skin cancer.Dr. Schlessinger warns that if a mole begins to change or grow in size, it could be a sign of something more serious, especially skin cancer. The Mayo Clinic also reports that the mole is asymmetrical, has an irregular border, has a changing or uneven color, and is more than a quarter of an inch in diameter. (This is a good time to talk about the importance of using sunscreen. If you don’t have one that you like, this story will help you figure out what works best for your needs. Minimum SPF 30 every day.)

6. Papular black dermatosis (PSD)

These are not moles, but a different kind of skin bump: papular black dermatosis (PDE), which are completely benign and harmless patches on the skin, characteristic of darker skin tones that are commonly found in families. These spots are not technically moles and cannot become cancer, according to Dr.Garden. “Moles are found deeper in the skin, but VSDs are very superficial collections of epidermal cells and usually begin to appear at the age of 20,” he says.“These brown bumps can be very small and not grow more than a few millimeters in size; however, one person may have dozens of facial spots. ”

How to treat and prevent

If you think you may have VSD, you can call your dermatologist to confirm your suspicion. There is little you can do to prevent it from forming or becoming more visible other than using sunscreen and practicing sun protection.Sunscreen is an important part of any skin care to help prevent skin cancer, so it is important to choose the one you like.

If you already have bumps, you can try an over-the-counter face wash containing salicylic acid or glycolic acid, which “are mild chemical exfoliators that can reduce or completely erase these blemishes,” adds Dr. Garden. “In addition, prescription retinoids can also potentially reduce the appearance of VSD, although they are unlikely to be removed.”

You can also gently remove these spots with a certified dermatologist using a laser or moxibustion. However, people with dark skin can develop hyperpigmentation due to laser use, so you should talk to your doctor about how best to treat you.

7. Skin tags

Usually these are oval-shaped benign lesions that connect to the skin of the body or face through the stem. They are soft to the touch and usually appear on the neck, upper chest, eyelids, groin, and underarms, according to Dr. Schlessinger.According to Mount Sinai Health, it is common for older adults to develop skin tags that experts say can form when skin rub against each other.

How to treat and prevent the appearance

Skin tags are completely harmless as long as they do not grow quickly, change color, become infected, or cause painful sensations. “For me, very often there are patients who think that they have something like ‘skin marks’, but in fact it is skin cancer or another, more dangerous condition,” says Dr. Schlessinger.Therefore, if any dangerous changes (such as moles) are found on your skin tag, see a dermatologist if possible to have it checked.

However, if your skin tags do not bother you, there is no reason to delete them. “But for aesthetic purposes, a dermatologist can remove them by cutting them off or burning them with heat,” says Dr. Schlessinger.

8. Allergic reaction

Sometimes bumps on the face or other parts of the body can be the result of an allergic reaction to what you ate or wore, or to a product you applied.

In some cases, marks on your body can be hives, which are characterized by redness, itching, or scarring that suddenly appears when exposed to an allergen. If the hives are mild, Dr. Schlessinger recommends simply treating them at home with a cool bath, over-the-counter allergy medications, or applying cool compresses to the area. If the hives are more severe, or if you also experience shortness of breath, swelling, or difficulty breathing, call your doctor or the emergency department if you do not have one.

Another type of common allergic reaction or skin sensitivity that occurs on the skin is known as irritant contact dermatitis. It differs markedly from urticaria in the sense that it is a generalized redness rather than isolated scars. It is also the result of direct skin contact with things like poison ivy, jewelry, or ingredients in skin care or cosmetics.

How to treat and prevent allergic reactions

This is probably obvious, but you should definitely stop using or contact whatever triggers your reaction if you can pinpoint the source.To determine the cause of your allergy, it’s helpful to think about any recent changes you’ve made, such as a new detergent, shower gel, or deodorant. Then try not to scratch the area so that the damaged skin begins to heal. You can take an oral antihistamine and use an over-the-counter hydrocortisone balm, according to Dr. Schlessinger.

If this tactic does not work, talk to your dermatologist, who may prescribe a stronger antipruritic agent or a shot of corticosteroids to calm the inflammation.

9. Lumps due to eczema

This common skin disorder, also called atopic dermatitis, usually begins before the age of five, but can technically occur at any age. “Eczema often manifests itself as oozing or crusted bumps, patches or plaques, and in the chronic course, even as thick scales and arises from the interaction of both genes and the environment,” said Jeremy A. Brower, MD, a dermatologist from New York.

There are several types of eczema, but it usually occurs when the top layer of the skin is unable to retain moisture and protect you from irritants, allergens and environmental elements. And, as we just explained, this condition goes beyond dry skin and can cause serious discomfort for those suffering from the condition.

How to treat and prevent eczema

This condition cannot be prevented, but you can manage flare-ups.You can talk to your doctor to confirm that you have eczema so that together you can find the right treatment. Several factors, including the patient’s age and their symptoms, can affect treatment, which usually includes oral, topical, or injectable medications. “In many cases, changing environmental factors – avoiding known triggers, changing bathing habits – can relieve symptoms,” says Dr. Brower.

He recommends that patients choose a shorter warm shower using gentle, unscented products followed by moisturizing.He also suggests washing your clothes with a cleanser for sensitive skin and also washing your hands less often, or be sure to use a moisturizer afterwards. The Cleveland Clinic also recommends using a humidifier at night, applying a moisturizer (more effective than lotion) several times a day, and using a cortisone cream to relieve symptoms.

10. Cones due to rosacea

Dr. Garden says that another chronic inflammatory condition, rosacea, usually manifests itself on the face.”It tends to cause background redness of the cheeks, nose, chin and lower forehead, as well as the appearance of acne in some patients.”

How to treat and prevent rosacea

Unfortunately, no one knows what causes rosacea, and there is no complete cure for it yet. However, there are ways to reduce inflammation that causes redness and bumps. “People with rosacea tend to have more sensitive skin on the affected areas of the face, so it’s helpful to replace harsh soaps with mild cleansers and light moisturizers,” says Dr. Garden.”Sun protection is also of paramount importance in rosacea, as UV radiation exacerbates inflammation.”

But each has a different set of triggers, which can include things like alcohol, exercise, and certain ingredients for skin care or makeup. Therefore, it is important to control the impact of these triggers as much as possible.

There are some other treatment options, such as topical azelaic acid, topical prescriptions, and oral antibiotics that your dermatologist may refer you to.Since there are many skin conditions that can mimic rosacea, such as acne, eczema, and lupus, it is important to consult with a board-certified dermatologist who can identify your bumps before embarking on self-treatment at home.

11. Lumps due to ingrown hairs

Most of us have developed ingrown hairs on the body or face at some point as a result of hair removal. Usually, when hair grows back, it grows up and over the skin.But if it begins to curl instead, it may get stuck and form a small raised, reddened bump that may or may not be filled with pus. Ingrown hairs appear more often in people with thick curly hair than in people with fine hair, but no one is completely immune.

How to treat and prevent unevenness associated with ingrown hair

The best way to prevent ingrown hairs is to avoid waxing, shaving and plucking, but this is not always a practical option for some hair removal addicts, explains Dr. Garden.Another way to reduce ingrown hairs is to always wash your skin with a mild soap and rub in a lubricating gel before shaving.

“If your razor has been used multiple times, replace it with a new one as dull blades do not cut clean and accurate and can increase the risk of ingrown hairs,” says Dr. Garden.

Another long-term solution is laser hair removal, which completely removes hair at a deeper level, damaging the hair follicle. “Laser hair removal requires several treatments over several weeks and months, but results are usually semi-permanent, although it is less effective for light or very light hair,” says Dr. Garden.”Because of the high power lasers involved and the risks involved, including skin discoloration, burns, and even scarring, it is important to find a certified dermatologist with laser experience.” African Americans, Natives, and / or people with dark complexions should make sure their doctor is experienced in treating dark skin, as some lasers can only be used on light skin, according to the Cleveland Clinic. But then again, this option is not an easy decision, and you may not be planning routine procedures during a pandemic.

1. Lipoma

Lipoma is an overgrowth of adipose tissue that can occur on virtually any part of the body (including the face), but most commonly on the chest, back, shoulders, neck and armpits. “Although they tend to grow slowly, often over months or years, you will notice them as a rubbery bump under the skin that is usually less than 2 inches across and looks like it can move,” explains Dr. Garden. “Larger lipomas occasionally occur, some reaching nearly 8 inches in diameter, although this is rare.”

The good news is that lipomas are almost always benign. However, there is a very rare form of cancer known as liposarcoma that occurs in adipose tissue and can look like a deep lipoma, explains Dr. Garden. Therefore, if you notice something like a lipoma that is painful or growing rapidly, it should be checked with a dermatologist, who will determine if a biopsy is necessary.

How to treat and prevent lipomas

Although the cause of lipomas is unknown, some people have genetic conditions that predispose them to form dozens of lipomas, according to Dr.Garden.In most cases, lipomas do not need treatment, however, the patient may choose to have the lipoma surgically removed if it causes any discomfort.

Many types of bumps on the face do not cause anxiety or are easy to deal with at home. However, do not pick the bumps or try to remove them yourself, as this can lead to infections or scarring.

Finally, if you have any questions about a lump on your face, contact a dermatologist at the Kiev center “DellaRossa”.Consulting with an experienced professional will help you make sure you know what it is and that they remove it properly and safely if needed.

90,000 The cat has a lump under the skin, what to do

Having found education on the pet’s body, the owner often panics, but if the cat has bumps, this is not a sentence to the animal. Such seals do not necessarily indicate oncology, the reasons for the appearance of bumps can be very diverse and will not harm the animal.

Causes and symptoms of cones

A lump under the skin of a cat can be malignant or benign. In the first case, the pet should be prescribed treatment as soon as possible, but it may not bring a positive result either.

But a lump can also be a benign neoplasm. In this case, you should not panic, but it is better to show the cat to the veterinarian as soon as possible so that he does the necessary research.

If a cat has a bump, this does not mean that the pet is in pain or stress – often the bumps are painless.

Lumps can be very painful – most often this indicates some kind of disease. Even if the lump is not painful and benign, even such a lump can significantly worsen the life of the animal. It is especially dangerous if a lump occurs on the back: this can lead to blockage of blood vessels, blood with oxygen does not enter the organs and this condition can result in paralysis of the limbs or death.

Types of bumps under the skin of a cat

Cones can have a different nature, depending on the predisposition of the animal to a particular disease.

Lipoma (wen)

At first, a small formation appears, which gradually grows and can grow to the size of a hen’s egg. Lipoma is caused by improper distribution of fat after clogged pores. Lipoma is a benign neoplasm that does not metastasize and does not cause discomfort. An exception is if the lipoma occurs on the back or neck. Lipoma does not hurt even when pressed, it does not affect life processes: appetite remains, normal behavior of the animal, the temperature is normal.

In old animals, the appearance of lipomas may indicate the onset of cancer. It is imperative that your cat be examined by a veterinarian.

Abscess

An abscess appears at the site of a bruise, any internal trauma, or in the case of an incorrectly delivered injection.

The tumor appears approximately on the 3rd day after the injury, gradually growing.

Unlike lipoma, abscess is a painful condition, accompanied by fever, depression of the pet’s condition.

The abscess is firm but not hard to the touch. The accumulated pus is felt inside. If the abscess is not completely healed, pus is released into the hole when pressed.

Lymphadenitis

Inflammation of the lymph nodes. The lump is extremely painful even with a slight pressure. The state of the animal is depressed, the temperature is increased, the appetite is reduced.

Cyst

A cyst is a benign tumor. A cyst is a lump filled with fluid from the inside. Such a tumor grows slowly and does not affect the condition of the cat, the cyst is not painful.

Tumor as a reaction to vaccination

Usually a slight swelling, a little painful, accompanied by redness.

Oncology

The most terrible type of neoplasm. It is about him that the owner thinks when he gropes for a bump on the pet’s body. Cancer spreads very quickly, metastases throughout the body. Inevitably leads to the death of the animal, but in the early stages of the disease it often does not manifest itself in any way.

Treatment

Depending on the type of lump, treatment is also different:

1. The fat opens on its own when it “ripens”.A viscous substance is released from the hole after opening. It is necessary to carefully squeeze out the contents and treat the wound with an antiseptic.
2. The abscess is opened surgically and preferably under sterile conditions. If the inflammation is not opened, the abscess can burst and lead to infection of the entire body of the animal.
3. With purulent lymphadenitis, the lump must be opened surgically, and the wound must be sanitized. In the absence of pus, vitamin therapy is carried out, physiotherapy procedures are prescribed.It is imperative to establish the cause of the inflammation of the lymph nodes and, first of all, fight the cause of the underlying disease (for example, tonsillitis).
4. Benign tumors, cysts, are removed surgically, provided that they bring discomfort and worsen the life of the animal. If the cyst is small or if the condition of the animal does not allow for the operation, the growth and development of the cysts is monitored.
5. After vaccination, the tumor goes away on its own, no special methods or methods of treatment are required.
6. Cancer tumors can only be treated with surgery. Moreover, during the operation, not only the tumor is cut out, but also part of the healthy tissue in order to avoid further development of the tumor. Chemotherapy courses are underway.

Preventive measures

In the event of various microtraumas or bruises on the animal’s body, it is imperative to treat the wound, even the smallest scratch. Through an open wound, microorganisms enter the bloodstream, which can lead to inflammation, abscess, or inflammation of the lymph nodes.

It is necessary to periodically wash the fur and skin of the animal so as not to clog the pores on the skin of the cat.

Any education is stress for the cat’s body and the owner’s nerves, in no case should you self-medicate, but immediately take your pet to the doctor – only the doctor will determine the type of tumor and make the correct diagnosis. Attention to the hygiene of the cat, to changing its behavior, timely contacting the veterinarian will save the animal from terrible diagnoses, and the owner’s nerves are in order.

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90,000 What is oral cancer

What is oral cancer

What is oral cancer?

Oral cancer is a malignant neoplasm that affects the lips (usually the lower lip), the inner surfaces of the oral cavity, as well as the back of the pharynx, tonsils and salivary glands.It is more common in men than women and usually affects people over 40. The main risk factor is smoking combined with alcohol abuse.

In case of late detection of oral cancer, surgical intervention, as well as a course of radiation and chemotherapy, may be required. It can also be fatal, with a five-year survival rate of less than 40% for this disease. One of the reasons for the low survival rate is the frequent lack of early diagnosis when the first symptoms appear, so early diagnosis of oral cancer is the key to its successful treatment.

What are the symptoms of oral cancer?

The earliest signs of oral cancer cannot be determined at home, so regular checkups with your dentist and therapist are of particular importance. The dentist is able to identify the first symptoms of oral cancer. However, in addition to regular preventive examinations, you should immediately contact your dentist if the following symptoms appear:

• Non-healing bleeding ulcer on the lip, gums or oral mucosa;
• Hardness or swelling on the inside of the cheek, palpable on the tongue;
• Loss of sensitivity or numbness in any part of the mouth;
• White or red spots on lips, tongue or oral mucosa;
• Difficulty chewing or swallowing food;
• Painful sensations or causeless pain in the oral cavity; feeling like something is stuck in your throat for no apparent reason;
• Swelling of the jaw with displaced prostheses;
• Voice change.

Pre-neoplastic diseases

Precancerous diseases of various parts of the oral mucosa include dyskeratosis (diffuse and focal), which are areas of keratinization in the form of leukoplakic films or whitish plaques, surface erosions (erytheroplakia), as well as papillomas in the form of papillary growths.

Cancer of the oral mucosa most often occurs in the area of ​​the frenum of the tongue, in the recess behind the last lower molar, as well as in the place where the mucous membrane transitions to the buccal surface and the hard palate.

At first, a cancerous tumor looks like a papillomatous or mushroom-like formation on a pedicle or broad base. Over time, it can ulcerate, infiltration will appear at its base, with an exophytic form at the onset of the disease, a small infiltrate is formed, located under the mucous membrane.

The ulcerative form begins and proceeds in the form of erosion, cracks that appear most often against the background of a precancerous disease. The accession of tissue infiltration indicates a mixed form of cancer, which is most typical for this localization.

Clinically, a tumor of the oral cavity organs in the initial stages is manifested by unpleasant sensations in the area of ​​the pathological focus. Pain is noted at this time in only a small proportion of patients. As the tumor grows, the pain intensifies and further becomes excruciating, because of them it becomes difficult to eat and articulation is impaired. Pain can be localized, but more often, radiating to the corresponding ear or temporal region.

Salivation (salivation) and unpleasant ichorous breath are also common symptoms during the period of the most pronounced symptoms of the disease.

A distinctive feature of oral cancer is earlier and exclusively lymphogenous metastasis. The frequency of regional (cervical and supraclavicular lymph nodes) metastases is up to 65% and they are determined quite early, 2-4 months after the onset of the disease.

The basis for the prevention of malignant tumors of the oral cavity is the early detection and treatment of precancerous diseases.

Oral cancer treatment

After the diagnosis is made, an individual treatment plan is developed for the patient.Surgery is usually required, followed by radiation and chemotherapy. It is important to consult a dentist who is familiar with the oral side effects of these treatments. Radiation therapy increases the risk of tooth decay, which is why it is especially important to take proper care of your teeth, gums, mouth and throat during treatment.

Prevention of oral cavity cancer

Do not smoke or drink alcoholic beverages. Take care of your oral cavity.Tobacco use is the leading cause of oral cancer in 80-90% of cases.

Smoking – The relationship between smoking, lung cancer and cardiovascular disease is well established1. Smoking also affects general health, reducing the body’s resistance to infection and slowing down recovery from injuries and surgeries. If a child becomes a smoker at an early age, it can lead to developmental delays and other abnormalities as they grow up.Many smokers suffer from loss of smell and taste and may have bad breath and yellowed teeth. When smoking more than 1 pack of cigarettes per day, the risk of oral cancer increased in both men and women by 9.17 times.

Oral health is at risk with every cigarette you smoke. Smoking cigarettes, pipes, and cigars significantly increases your risk of throat, mouth, and esophageal cancer. Due to the fact that so many do not know or do not notice the early signs of the disease, cancer often affects other tissues in the body even before it is detected.When smoking for more than 10 years, the risk of developing oral cavity cancer compared with nonsmokers in men who smoke from 1 to 10 cigarettes per day increased 5 times, 11-20 cigarettes – 8 times, 21-30 cigarettes – 13 times, 31 -40 cigarettes – 17 times.

The best prevention method is to avoid smoking cigarettes and pipes, chewing and sniffing tobacco. People who quit tobacco use, even after years of smoking, greatly reduce their risk of oral cancer.

Consistent alcohol abuse also increases the risk of oral cancer, and alcohol abuse and smoking is an extremely high risk factor.Irritation of the mucous membrane with alcohol ultimately leads to the onset of chronic inflammatory processes in the oral cavity and the occurrence of malignant tumors. So, even among those who consume beer, the risk of oral cavity cancer increases 5 times, while drinking whiskey 12 times. The intensity of the consumption of alcoholic beverages and the total duration of their use matter.

In practice, the simultaneous consumption of alcohol and smoking is most often observed. In this case, an additive effect or synergy of their action is observed.Therefore, smoking cigarettes and drinking alcohol are most contributing to the occurrence of cancer of the tongue and floor of the mouth.

The role of oral hygiene in the prevention of precancerous diseases is well known. Their occurrence and transition to malignant can be facilitated by permanent trauma to the mucous membrane of the oral cavity, tongue, gums by the sharp edges of decaying teeth. Every time you consume foods and drinks that are rich in sugar and starch, plaque bacteria release acids that can harm your teeth for at least 20 minutes.Brush your teeth with a soft toothbrush after meals and floss daily. Avoid consuming spices and solid foods such as raw vegetables, crackers, and nuts.

The nature of nutrition has a certain importance in the development of precancerous conditions and tumors of the oral cavity. A lack of vitamin A in food or a decrease in digestibility by the body leads to a violation of the processes of keratinization and restoration of the oral mucosa.

Thus, non-observance of the rules of oral hygiene, the use of various irritating substances, leads to the development of precancerous diseases, which, with progression, turn into cancer.Therefore, early detection of precancerous diseases and their treatment are the main prevention of malignant tumors.

Important! so that the treatment is timely and correct. All this is possible only with the active appeal of the population to specialist doctors.

Remember! that only joint efforts, yours and doctors, can prevent one of the most dangerous diseases – a malignant tumor of the oral mucosa.

90,000 Bumps on the skin – causes, diseases, diagnosis, prevention and treatment – Likar24

Bumps on the skin can appear anywhere, whether due to injury or for no apparent reason.In most cases, they do not pose a severe health hazard and are easily treatable. But it is worth remembering that the diagnosis of the disease and the appointment of the correct treatment should be carried out only by a doctor, self-medication can only complicate the situation.

The reasons for the formation of bumps can be quite different, the simplest and most expected among most options is a bump from a bruise. They usually appear on the head or knees instead of bruising. In many cases, the swelling subsides a few days after the injury.It is possible to accelerate the decrease in edema by applying cold compresses, using decongestant gels and ointments. If the lump does not go away for more than a week, then you should see a doctor. A long decline in edema may indicate calcification of the hematoma.

Allergic reactions can cause bumps. With diseases of an immune, infectious or neoplastic nature, an increase in lymph nodes may be observed. Swollen lymph nodes look like bumps, the size of which will depend on the intensity of the inflammatory process.

With skin cancer, a patient has multiple subcutaneous bumps. With a severe type of acne, the rash can appear as dense structures of various shapes and locations.

Removal of subcutaneous cones can only be performed if the reason for their appearance has been established. Doctors can use a differential approach to define the disease. This approach can only be used by doctors, since there are many reasons for the appearance of neoplasms on the skin. Lumps under the skin in rare cases can be of a malignant nature.In most cases, they are soft to the touch, not adhered to the surrounding tissues, and develop slowly.

Before treatment, the patient must undergo a general blood test, a dermatologist’s examination, video dermatoscopy and diascopy. After removal, the neoplasm should be sent to the laboratory for a histological examination that will confirm the diagnosis.

Benign tumors

Lipomas

This is a benign neoplasm and it does not cause severe harm to human health.In most cases, it appears on the limbs, but it may appear in other places as well. The formation is soft to the touch, as it consists of adipose tissue.

Lipomas do not grow on the skin; they are formed only in the fat layer. The size can be up to several centimeters, painless when pressed, but in rare cases, with rapid growth, pain may appear due to compression of nerve endings.

On the part of doctors, it is recommended to remove such formations, even taking into account the fact that in very rare cases malignancy is possible and they are only a cosmetic defect on the human body.The reason for such recommendations is quite simple, if the lipoma begins to develop rapidly, then because of this, the surrounding tissues can be squeezed and infected.

Fibroma

It is a benign lesion consisting of connective fibrous tissue. It looks like a regular subcutaneous lump. A soft and dense form is characteristic of such subcutaneous formations. It can develop on the body for a very long time (over several years), often has a spherical shape.

Atheroma

The reason for the appearance of atheroma is the blockage of the excretory duct of the sebaceous gland, as a result of which the secret from it cannot stand out. The tumor does not pose a health hazard, consists of fat and epithelial cells, dense to the touch. The size of the formation can vary greatly: from a centimeter to the size of a chicken egg and more. Atheromas in most cases appear on the scalp, back or face. Education does not bring any perceptible discomfort, is only a cosmetic defect, has a rounded shape with clear edges.

Hygroma

In many cases, the development of hygroma can be associated with repetition of movements due to the patient’s professional activities. In most cases, it develops due to inflammation of the inner lining of the fibrous sheath of the tendon of the muscle or mucous bags in the area of ​​\ u200b \ u200bthe joints.

Hematoma

Namely, subcutaneous hematoma, in which fluid or clotted blood accumulates in the subcutaneous fat. The “flowering” of such a hematoma occurs later, in contrast to the usual, and lasts longer due to the greater amount of blood poured out in the injured area.

Malignant tumors

Lymphoma

Lymphomas are characterized by the presence of a primary tumor focus. However, they are capable not only of metastasis, but also of spreading through the bloodstream and lymphatic channels, while conditions that quite closely resemble lymphoid leukemia can develop.

Indolent lymphomas in some cases may not require treatment; medical supervision is sufficient. However, at the first signs of progression, treatment of the patient is started.

Cancer metastases

In cancer, the formation of secondary foci is always observed as a result of the spread of cells from the primary foci. Because of this mechanism, the process of complete cure for cancer is complicated.

After diagnosing the disease, the patient is referred for consultation to the appropriate doctor. In most cases, see a surgeon, dermatologist or oncologist.

Due to the many reasons for the appearance of hard growths under the skin, it is impossible to generalize treatment options, and even more, it is not advisable to treat at home.Periodic hospital check-ups to monitor your health will be most helpful. Timely diagnosis and treatment of any disease is the key to a healthy life.

There are preventive measures, but they will not save you from all possible causes of the appearance of subcutaneous balls, but this will help to bypass some of them.

Preventive measures include:

• Careful adherence to personal hygiene to avoid the appearance of purulent inflammation
• avoidance of procedures that create mechanical damage to the skin – piercings (mainly of the nose and ears), full of tattoos.If this cannot be avoided, then you need to pay special attention to sanitary standards in such processes.
• if neoplasms are found on the body, consult a doctor and do not postpone until later
• if a person has a genetic tendency towards oncopathologies, then with great attention to monitor the state of health and once a year undergo a medical examination.

90,000 on the neck, on the cheek, on the jaw, on the cheekbone, what is it, what to do

Cattle often suffer from skin diseases.And this is not a deprivation, although there are enough of them. Various bumps and swelling in cows are found in viral diseases and inflammatory processes. Even an oncological tumor is possible. A lump found in a calf in the neck or head can be a relatively harmless abscess or a serious fungal infection. There are many options for when a cow develops an incomprehensible swelling on the body.

Causes of the appearance of cones in a calf or cow

Lump is a loose concept. This word denotes both small hard formations with clear boundaries, and soft swellings that gradually come to naught.There are many reasons for the appearance of certain “bumps”:

• Allergy to parasite bites;
• inflammatory response to injection;
• actinomycosis;
• hypodermatosis;
• lumpy skin disease;
• abscess;
• inflamed lymph nodes in infectious diseases.

Sometimes the cause is determined independently if the appearance of the cones is very characteristic. But more often you have to call the veterinarian.

Allergic reaction

The first cases of the disease are recorded in calves.The manifestations of allergies in cows are as different as in humans. It depends on the individual characteristics of the calves. Food is manifested as swelling on the cow’s neck and bumps all over the body. The latter go away on their own after the elimination of the allergen. Edema is more dangerous, since with its further development, the calf can die from suffocation. Also, an allergic reaction in cows is expressed in lacrimation and profuse discharge from the nasal cavity.

The only truly working way to treat a disease is to eliminate the allergen from the environment.Without this, all other actions will be useless. Since it is difficult to find an allergen even in humans, calves with manifestations of the disease are usually handed over for meat. Antihistamines are prescribed by your veterinarian. He also determines the dose for the calf, based on its weight and age. Not all “human” antihistamines are suitable for cows. Some of them just don’t work, others may even kill the calf.

Provided that the lump appeared at the injection site. Otherwise, with a high degree of probability, it is an abscess.

It rarely reaches bumps all over the body in calves and adult animals, this requires thin, delicate skin, but other signs of allergies are quite common

Actinomycosis

Fungal disease, to which cows are most susceptible. The name of the causative agent is Actinomyces bovis. Belongs to the genus Actinomyces. The opinion that this is a fungus is present in Russian-language sources. English speakers indicate that it is a gram-positive rod-shaped bacterium. Pathogenic is the anaerobic type of microorganism.

The causative agent of the disease is not resistant to high temperatures: it dies within 5 minutes at 70-90 ° C. But at subzero temperatures, the bacterium remains viable for 1-2 years. In 3% formaldehyde dies after 5-7 minutes.

Cases of infection are recorded year-round, but most often the disease of calves with actinomycosis occurs in winter and spring due to a decrease in immunity. The pathogen enters the cow’s body through any damage to the external integument:

• injuries to the oral mucosa or skin;
• cracks in the teat of the udder;

90,019 castration wounds;

• when changing teeth in calves.

A distinctive feature of the disease is a dense lump (actinoma) on the cheekbone of a calf or an adult cow, since the bacteria most often affects the bones and tissues of the lower jaw.

When ripe, the lump opens, and creamy pus begins to come out of the fistula. With the development of the disease, an admixture of blood and pieces of dead tissue appear in the pus. The calf’s overall body temperature is usually normal. An increase occurs only when the disease is complicated by a secondary infection or the spread of bacteria throughout the body.Animals lose weight if the bumps have “grown” in the pharynx or larynx. The tumors make it difficult for the calf to breathe and swallow food. Self-healing is very rare.

Treatment

Iodine solution is used intravenously. In the treatment of the disease, penicillin is used, which is injected into the lump on the cheek of a cow for a course of 4-5 days. Oxytetracycline has proven itself well. The dose for calves up to a year is 200 thousand units in 5-10 ml of saline. For animals older than 1 year, the dose is 400 thousand units. The antibiotic is first injected into the healthy tissue around the bump on the calf’s cheek.Next, pus is sucked out of the fistula with a syringe and “replaced” with oxytetracycline. Course 2 weeks. Broad-spectrum antibiotics are also recommended. In advanced cases, they resort to surgical intervention and cut out the entire bump.

Prevention

Calves are not grazed on swampy pastures. Avoid giving roughage, especially with thorny plants, or steaming it before serving. The straw is calcined.

The characteristic location of the lump in a cow with actinomycosis

Hypodermatosis

A parasitic disease caused by gadflies of the genus Hypoderma.In common parlance, they are called subcutaneous. The most common types:

• Hypoderma bovis;
• Hypoderma lineatum;
• Hypoderma tarandi.

The latter species is also called a deer gadfly. He lives in the northern regions and attacks mainly deer. The first two are subcutaneous gadflies of cattle, but bovis is a European species, and lineatum is a North American one.

The genus Hypodermus includes 6 species. Parasites are not specialized. The same species lays eggs on any mammal that turns up, including cats and dogs.But they prefer large animals. Gadfly eggs are laid on the legs of cattle. The breeding season for parasites is from June to October. Each female lays up to 800 eggs, from which larvae emerge in a few days.

The latter penetrate under the skin and begin to move upward. The end point of the “journey” is the back and sacrum of the cow. The movement lasts 7-10 months. This duration of the disease is already considered chronic. The larvae of the last stage form solid cones with an airway in the middle on the upper line of the animal body.You can feel the nodules between February and July. The larvae live in cones for 30-80 days, after which they leave the host.

The death of animals is not beneficial to parasites, but during the course of hypodermatosis, cattle lose weight, cows reduce milk yield, and calves slow down in development. After the larvae emerge and the holes in the bumps are overgrown, scars remain on the cow’s skin. This reduces the quality of the skins. The timing of slaughter is disrupted, since it is not recommended to slaughter sick calves because of too large losses of meat. Cones must be cut out during slaughter.So up to 10 kg of meat is lost.

Treatment and prevention

Preventive treatment is carried out in September-November. Use drugs that cause the death of the first stage larvae. Further, to prevent the spread of the disease next year, the herd is examined in March-May. All livestock grazing last summer is being checked.

It is best to touch the cow during inspection. This makes it more likely to find bumps in winter wool. Although the larvae usually “prefer” the back and sacrum, nodules can be found elsewhere.If, during a spring examination, a lump was found on the cow’s neck, this may also be a gadfly larva.

If nodules with airways are found on animals, contact your veterinarian. He will prescribe drugs that destroy the larvae in the last stage and advise how long it will take to eat the products from the treated cows. In case of severe parasite infestation, the cones will have to be removed manually in order to avoid intoxication of the body after the death of the larvae

In the end, the larvae will emerge from the cones on their own, but before that they will greatly exhaust their prey

Lumpy dermatitis

A new viral disease “hails” from southern countries.Widespread in Africa and India. The main symptom is flat bumps all over the body of a calf or cow. The disease is caused by viruses related to goat pox. Both calves and adults are infected equally. The main vectors of lumpy dermatitis in Russia are blood-sucking insects. It is believed that in southern countries, the causative agent of the disease is carried by birds, in particular herons.

Livestock mortality accounts for only 10% of diseased animals. But dermatitis causes significant economic damage:

• sharp decline in the quantity and quality of milk;

90,019 weight loss in calves fed for meat;

90,019 abortions, infertility and stillbirths in breeding queens;

• temporary infertility of bulls.

The first sign of the disease is the appearance of dry bumps. And anywhere, from head to udder and legs. The disease is poorly understood. Perhaps the location of the bump depends on where the virus originally entered.

If left unchecked, the bumps will very quickly cover the entire body of the cow, forming a kind of hard covering instead of skin. The rapid spread is due to the fact that the virus is carried through the bloodstream.

Symptoms of lumpy dermatitis

The latent period of the disease in natural conditions in cows lasts from 2 to 4 weeks.In the acute form of lumpy dermatitis, the following are characteristic:

• temperature 40 ° C for 4-14 days;
• lacrimation;

90,019 refusal to feed;

• mucus or pus from the mouth and nose;
• the appearance of cones 2 days after the transition of dermatitis to the clinical stage;
• The occurrence of nodules throughout the body.

In severe cases of the disease, bumps appear on the mucous membranes of the oral and nasal cavities, vulva and foreskin. They also often appear on the eyelids, scratching the cornea.Due to constant irritation, the cornea becomes cloudy and the cow becomes blind.

Usually lumps of lumpy skin disease have a diameter of 0.2-7 cm. They are rounded, clearly outlined. In the center of each bump there is a depression, which turns into a “cork” after 1-3 weeks. Later, the tubercle is opened. An unpleasant-smelling mucus oozes from it.

After recovery, the bumps disappear. Where they were, the hair falls out and the skin flakes off.

Later they dissolve or turn into dry scabs, under which there is granulation tissue.

Calf with advanced lumpy dermatitis

Treatment and prevention

Neither exists for lumpy skin disease. Calves are treated symptomatically, treating festering wounds with disinfectants. A course of antibiotics is given to cows to prevent the development of a secondary infection that penetrates the damaged skin.

Live goat pox vaccine is used to prevent the disease. But this does not always work.There are no ways to passively prevent the disease.

Close-up dermatitis bumps, depressions in the middle of the tubercles are visible, which later turn into detachable plugs

Abscess

Abscesses are common in cows and calves. Most often, they occur due to injuries to the mucous membranes when eating roughage. Inflammation is also possible if the skin is damaged. Sometimes it is a reaction after vaccination. Practice shows that a hard hot lump on the neck of a cow is an abscess in the initial stage.While the abscess is ripening or is deep, the lump is firm. As the abscess matures, the tissues become soft. At any stage, the tumor is painful.

If the pus “went” to the outside, the skin at the site of the abscess becomes inflamed, the wool comes out. But abscesses located close to the internal cavities often break through. The latter is especially dangerous for calves, since the tumor is very large and blocks the airways, and the animal can choke with the bursting purulent mass.

With the “internal” opening of suppuration, the inflammatory process often turns into a chronic stage. A capsule forms around the site of inflammation, and the lump of the abscess from the outside seems to be solid.

Treatment does not differ in delights. They wait until the abscess matures, and open it, giving a release of pus.

Attention! It is impossible to squeeze out pus, the remaining mass can go in the opposite direction, causing general blood poisoning.

The vacated cavity is washed with disinfectants until the solution starts to pour out clean.Sewing up the wound is undesirable, since drainage is necessary. Dead tissue comes out for several days. In addition, the cavity must be flushed every day. And sometimes several times a day.

An abscess on the cheeks of calves and cows is often caused by damage to internal tissues when teeth are changed or incorrectly grinded

What to do if a cow or calf has bumps on the neck

First of all, find out the cause of the appearance, since the method of treating cones depends on the type of disease.An abscess is often heated to speed up its maturation and open it. A bump on a cow’s jaw can be an inflamed lymph node: a symptom, not a cause of the disease. And even in the “simplest” case, the defeat of the animal by gadfly larvae, you will have to call a veterinarian. Without surgical skills, it is better not to open the cones on your own.

The only option, when it is unlikely that something can be done, is a lump after vaccination. Animals react worst of all to anthrax. After this vaccine, bumps or swelling often develop at the injection site.

Conclusion

If a calf has a bump on the head or neck, first of all determine the cause of its appearance. Since it is unlikely to be possible to do this on your own, you need to invite a veterinarian. In some cases, the treatment of “bumps” must be started as soon as possible.

90,000 A bump on a dog’s body: causes, symptoms, treatment

Contents of article

Often, while stroking a dog, the owner discovers a bump on its body and immediately begins to panic, suspecting a dangerous disease in the pet.Of course, fears may not be unfounded.

It is likely that the lump under the skin has a cancerous etiology, but do not sound the alarm without showing the animal to the veterinarian, because neoplasms may not be dangerous and do not even require treatment.

Causes of the disease

Lumps under the skin in different parts of the body can have a different origin – a bee sting, malignant or benign neoplasm, abscess, etc. Some swellings go away after a couple of days, while others increase in size over time and begin to cause serious discomfort to the pet.

The main reasons for the appearance of bumps on the body of a dog are:

• trauma;
• viral infection;
• damage to blood vessels after surgery;
• oncology;
• penetration of bacteria.

If the subcutaneous lump does not go away after two days and bothers the animal, contact the veterinary clinic.

Main symptoms

There is no single clinical picture for bumps on the body of a dog, since they can be caused by various diseases, each of which has its own characteristic signs.

So, with an abscess that occurs under the influence of a bacterial infection that enters the body through a bite, puncture wound or scratch, the dog has swelling, fever, pain. The lump swells for several days, after which it begins to fester.

In smooth-haired dogs, papillomas and warts often appear on the body. The cause of their occurrence is considered to be a viral infection. The growths on the skin are usually brown and painless, but it is still worth consulting a veterinarian.

A bruised or accumulated fluid from damaged blood vessels during surgery may cause a hematoma in the dog. It is a formation that changes the shape of the part of the body where it is located. Does not cause discomfort to the dog, however, if the hematoma does not go away for a long time, a specialist consultation will also be required.

A cyst can occur anywhere: both on the body and on the dog’s face, for example, at the jaw joint. On examination, it is quite easy to find it.It is a reddish painful sore that the dog tries to lick.

Pyoderma – purulent inflammation of the skin in dogs, which is accompanied by a rash, papules. Swelling can form all over the body, paws, folds of skin, and on the face.

Insect bites (bees, ticks and even mosquitoes) can cause painful swelling. The most dangerous are bites in the face and mouth.

Tumors in dogs are of two types – benign and malignant.Benign neoplasms grow slowly and usually do not cause discomfort to the dog. Unlike malignant, they do not give metastases. However, this does not mean that they do not pose a danger to the health of the animal, since over time they may degenerate into cancer.

Malignant tumors appear as a result of cell mutation. Cancer neoplasms are characterized by rapid growth, lack of symptoms at the initial stage, and metastases. Sometimes the bumps break through the skin and bleed.As the disease progresses, symptoms increase.

Diagnostics in the veterinary clinic

To make a correct diagnosis of the dog, the veterinarian will need to examine the animal and make a number of necessary diagnostic tests, including:

• general and biochemical blood tests;
• urinalysis;
• ultrasound;
• biopsy for histological examination of tissue;
• smear-imprint – to determine the atypia of cells or the presence of an infectious agent;
• computed tomography – if a malignant tumor is suspected;
• radiography – to determine the depth of penetration of the lump into soft tissues.

According to the indications, additional diagnostic methods can be applied to obtain more complete information.

Treatment method and prognosis

After the diagnosis is made, the doctor develops a treatment regimen. For each individual case, it will be individual, depending on the disease, the severity of the animal’s condition, age, tolerance (intolerance) of drugs.

In cancer tumors, drug treatment is ineffective, since no drug is able to stop the development of the tumor.Shown are radiation therapy, chemotherapy, surgery to remove the neoplasm. After surgery, the course of chemoradiation therapy is repeated.

Benign neoplasms are removed surgically.

Treatment of an abscess is also operative. The inflamed area is opened, the open wound is washed, Levomekol ointment is injected along the established drains.

The prognosis depends on the diagnosis. In most cases, it is favorable, with the exception of malignant tumors.Cancer responds well to treatment by contacting a specialist at the initial stages of the development of the disease. So, at 0, I stages, cancer is cured by 90%, at III, IV – by 50%.

What to do at home

If a bump is found on the body of a dog, you need to examine it and palpate it. This should be done with clean hands, preferably with sterile medical gloves – to avoid infection in the event of a fungal or viral infection.

If the lump does not bother your pet, observe its condition for several days, the lump may go away on its own.If not, make an appointment with the veterinary clinic.

Do not allow the animal to lick or gnaw the bump – this can lead to the development of granulomas. Treat the damaged areas with an antiseptic and cover with a plaster.

Strictly follow your veterinarian’s directions and do not exceed dosage to avoid side effects in your dog.

Do not self-medicate! If a dog develops a malignant tumor, the count goes not even for months, but for days.