What are the common types of marble sized breast lumps. How can you identify suspicious breast lumps. What are the symptoms and causes of breast lumps. When should you see a doctor about a breast lump.

Understanding Breast Lumps: Size, Location, and Significance

Breast lumps can vary in size, with some being as small as a marble. These lumps can appear in different areas of the breast tissue, including:

• Near the surface of the skin
• Deep inside the breast tissue
• Close to the armpit area
• On the side of the breast

While the majority of breast lumps are benign, it’s crucial to understand their characteristics and potential significance. Breast tissue naturally has a lumpy texture, which can change with hormones and aging. However, new lumps or changes in breast texture should always be evaluated by a healthcare professional.

Are all marble sized breast lumps cancerous?

No, not all marble sized breast lumps are cancerous. In fact, most breast lumps are benign. However, any new lump or change in breast tissue should be examined by a doctor to rule out the possibility of cancer or other concerning conditions.

Common Causes of Marble Sized Breast Lumps

Several factors can lead to the development of marble sized lumps in the breast. Understanding these causes can help alleviate concerns and guide appropriate medical care.

Fibroadenomas: The Most Common Benign Breast Tumor

Fibroadenomas are the most frequent type of noncancerous breast tumor, particularly among women aged 20-30. These tumors have distinct characteristics:

• Feel like small, round marbles in the breast
• Not tender to touch
• Clear-cut borders
• Moveable under the skin
• Firm or rubbery texture

Typically measuring around 2.5 centimeters in diameter, fibroadenomas can sometimes grow up to 5 cm, at which point they’re referred to as giant fibroadenomas. While having a fibroadenoma slightly increases the risk of breast cancer, most do not require treatment and may even shrink or disappear on their own.

Can fibroadenomas change in size?

Yes, fibroadenomas can change in size. Their dimensions may fluctuate due to hormonal changes, such as during pregnancy or hormonal therapy. Conversely, they may shrink during menopause. If a fibroadenoma grows or causes changes within the breast, a doctor may recommend its removal.

Breast Cysts: Fluid-Filled Sacs in Breast Tissue

Breast cysts are another common cause of marble sized lumps, accounting for about 25% of breast masses. These round sacs of fluid primarily affect women in their 40s but can develop at any age. Cysts are benign and do not increase the risk of breast cancer.

Symptoms of breast cysts include:

• One or more round, movable masses under the breast skin
• Lumps with a smooth, rubbery texture
• Tenderness or pain when touched

Diagnosis of breast cysts typically involves ultrasound scans. If a cyst appears solid or has solid areas, a breast biopsy may be recommended to rule out cancer. Cysts containing only fluid usually don’t require treatment unless they’re very large or cause discomfort.

How are breast cysts different from tumors?

The main difference between breast cysts and tumors is their composition. Cysts are fluid-filled sacs, while tumors are solid masses of tissue. Cysts are generally benign and may fluctuate in size, whereas tumors can be benign or malignant and tend to grow over time.

Fibrocystic Breast Changes: Hormonal Effects on Breast Tissue

Fibrocystic breast changes occur when hormonal fluctuations during menstruation cause lumpiness in one or both breasts. While these changes can cause discomfort, they do not increase the risk of breast cancer.

Symptoms of fibrocystic breast changes include:

• Tenderness or pain in the breasts
• Pain under the arms
• Green or brown nipple discharge

Although generally harmless, fibrocystic changes can make detecting breast cancer through self-examinations more challenging. Regular breast cancer screenings are essential for those experiencing these changes.

Do fibrocystic breast changes require medical treatment?

Fibrocystic breast changes typically don’t require medical treatment. Over-the-counter pain relievers and warm compresses can help alleviate uncomfortable or painful symptoms. However, regular breast cancer screenings are crucial to monitor any changes in breast tissue.

Intraductal Papillomas: Benign Growths in Milk Ducts

Intraductal papillomas are noncancerous tumors that develop in the milk ducts of the breast. These growths are a common cause of nipple discharge and can sometimes present as small, marble-like lumps near the nipple.

Characteristics of intraductal papillomas include:

• Small, round lumps near the nipple
• Clear or bloody nipple discharge
• Tenderness in the affected area

While intraductal papillomas are generally benign, they should be evaluated by a healthcare professional to rule out any potential for malignancy.

Can intraductal papillomas become cancerous?

While most intraductal papillomas are benign, in rare cases, they can be associated with a slightly increased risk of breast cancer. This risk is higher if the papilloma contains atypical cells or if there are multiple papillomas. Regular monitoring and follow-up with a healthcare provider is important for individuals diagnosed with intraductal papillomas.

Breast Infection and Abscesses: Inflammatory Causes of Breast Lumps

Breast infections, also known as mastitis, and breast abscesses can cause painful, swollen lumps in the breast tissue. These conditions are more common in breastfeeding women but can occur in non-lactating women as well.

Symptoms of breast infections and abscesses may include:

• A tender, swollen area in the breast
• Redness and warmth of the affected breast
• Fever and chills
• Fatigue and body aches

Breast infections are typically treated with antibiotics, while abscesses may require drainage. Prompt medical attention is crucial to prevent complications and ensure proper healing.

How can you differentiate between a breast infection and other types of breast lumps?

Breast infections are usually accompanied by symptoms such as redness, warmth, and pain in the affected area, often alongside fever and general malaise. Other types of breast lumps, like fibroadenomas or cysts, are typically not associated with these inflammatory symptoms. However, a healthcare professional should always be consulted for an accurate diagnosis.

Breast Cancer: When to Be Concerned About a Marble Sized Lump

While most marble sized breast lumps are benign, it’s crucial to be aware of the signs that could indicate breast cancer. Early detection significantly improves treatment outcomes, making regular breast self-examinations and professional screenings vital.

Potential signs of breast cancer include:

• A hard lump with irregular edges
• Changes in breast size or shape
• Skin dimpling or puckering
• Nipple inversion or discharge (other than breast milk)
• Redness, scaliness, or thickening of the nipple or breast skin

If you notice any of these signs, it’s important to consult a healthcare provider promptly for a thorough evaluation.

What are the risk factors for breast cancer?

Several factors can increase the risk of developing breast cancer, including:

• Age (risk increases with age)
• Family history of breast cancer
• Personal history of breast cancer or certain non-cancerous breast diseases
• Inherited genetic mutations (such as BRCA1 and BRCA2)
• Radiation exposure to the chest area at a young age
• Early menstruation (before age 12) or late menopause (after age 55)
• Never having children or having first child after age 30
• Postmenopausal hormone therapy
• Alcohol consumption
• Obesity

Understanding these risk factors can help individuals make informed decisions about their breast health and screening practices.

Diagnostic Approaches for Marble Sized Breast Lumps

When a marble sized lump is discovered in the breast, healthcare providers employ various diagnostic techniques to determine its nature and potential risk. The choice of diagnostic approach depends on factors such as age, medical history, and the characteristics of the lump.

Common diagnostic methods include:

• Clinical breast examination
• Mammography
• Ultrasound
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
• Fine-needle aspiration or core needle biopsy

These methods help healthcare providers distinguish between benign and potentially malignant lumps, guiding further treatment decisions.

What is the most accurate method for diagnosing breast lumps?

While each diagnostic method has its strengths, a combination of imaging techniques and biopsy provides the most accurate diagnosis for breast lumps. Mammography and ultrasound can identify the presence and characteristics of a lump, while a biopsy allows for microscopic examination of the tissue to definitively determine if cancer cells are present.

Treatment Options for Marble Sized Breast Lumps

The treatment for marble sized breast lumps depends on their underlying cause. Many benign lumps may not require treatment at all, while others may need medical intervention.

Treatment options may include:

• Watchful waiting for benign lumps
• Draining of cysts
• Surgical removal of fibroadenomas or other benign tumors
• Antibiotics for breast infections
• Cancer treatments (surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, etc.) for malignant lumps

The choice of treatment is individualized based on the specific diagnosis, the patient’s overall health, and personal preferences.

Are there any natural remedies for breast lumps?

While some natural remedies may help alleviate symptoms associated with benign breast conditions, they should not replace medical evaluation and treatment. Some people find relief from breast pain and tenderness through dietary changes, such as reducing caffeine intake, or by using evening primrose oil supplements. However, any persistent or concerning breast lump should always be evaluated by a healthcare professional.

Preventing and Monitoring Breast Health

While not all breast lumps can be prevented, there are steps individuals can take to promote breast health and detect any changes early.

Preventive measures and monitoring strategies include:

• Regular breast self-examinations
• Annual clinical breast exams
• Mammograms as recommended by healthcare providers
• Maintaining a healthy lifestyle (balanced diet, regular exercise, limiting alcohol consumption)
• Being aware of family history and genetic risk factors

Early detection through regular screening and prompt evaluation of any breast changes are key to maintaining breast health and catching potential issues early.

How often should breast self-examinations be performed?

Breast self-examinations should ideally be performed once a month, about 3-5 days after the start of menstruation when breasts are least likely to be swollen and tender. For those who no longer menstruate, choosing a consistent day each month for self-examination is recommended. Remember, self-exams are not a substitute for clinical breast exams and mammograms but can help you become familiar with your breast tissue and notice any changes promptly.

Understanding the various causes and characteristics of marble sized breast lumps can help alleviate unnecessary anxiety while promoting prompt medical evaluation when needed. Whether benign or potentially malignant, early detection and proper diagnosis are crucial for optimal breast health. Regular self-examinations, clinical check-ups, and open communication with healthcare providers form the cornerstone of proactive breast care. By staying informed and vigilant, individuals can take charge of their breast health and ensure timely intervention if any concerning changes arise.

Types, diagnosis, and other symptoms

Different types of lumps can develop in the breasts. These may hurt and cause discomfort or may be painless. Tumors, cysts, and infections are common causes of breast lumps.

If a person notices any changes in the breast, it is essential to consult a doctor. The majority of breast lumps are benign, or noncancerous. A breast lump can appear anywhere in the breast tissue, but most commonly in the following areas:

• near the surface of the skin
• deeper inside the breast tissue
• closer to the armpit area
• on the side of the breast

Sometimes, a lump in the breast can signify cancer, so a person should consult a doctor regarding any changes or lumps they find in their breast.

This article discusses what to do if a person finds a lump, the causes, signs to look out for, lumps in males vs. females, and when to see a doctor for a diagnosis.

A note about sex and gender

Sex and gender exist on spectrums. This article will use the terms “male,” “female,” or both to refer to sex assigned at birth. Click here to learn more.

Was this helpful?

Breast tissue is naturally lumpy, and its textures change with hormones and aging processes. A person should compare the size, appearance, and texture of both breasts. Evenly dispersed lumps in both breasts usually indicate healthy breast tissue.

If a person discovers a new lump in one of their breasts, they can consult a doctor to discuss any concerns, the characteristics of the lump, and any other breast changes.

Lumps that differ from the surrounding breast tissue may suggest a tumor. This could be cancerous, noncancerous, or another breast condition.

Learn how to examine your breasts here.

There are various causes of breast lumps. Some of the most common causes include:

Fibroadenoma is the most common type of noncancerous tumor that affects the breast. Fibroadenomas are most common among females aged 20–30, but females of any age can have them.

A fibroadenoma is a tumor made up of glandular and connective tissues. It feels like a small, round marble in the breast and is not tender to the touch.

Signs or symptoms of a fibroadenoma include:

• clear-cut borders
• moveable under the skin
• firm or rubbery to the touch

The lumps tend to measure around 2.5 centimeters (cm) in diameter. Some are too small to feel, but they will appear on mammograms and ultrasounds. A lump may also grow to 5 cm, and doctors refer to this as a giant fibroadenoma.

For females, the size of the lump may vary due to the presence of higher estrogen levels during pregnancy or hormonal therapy. However, fibroadenomas may shrink during menopause.

Some people will have more than one fibroadenoma. According to the American Cancer Society (ACS), having a fibroadenoma can slightly increase a person’s risk of breast cancer.

Not all fibroadenomas require treatment. Some will shrink or even disappear on their own. A doctor will usually recommend removing the fibroadenoma if it grows or causes changes within the breast.

Learn more about menopause and sore breasts here.

Breast cysts are round sacs of fluid that can develop in breast tissue. Cysts account for about 25% of masses in the breast. They are benign and do not affect someone’s risk of breast cancer.

Breast cysts mainly affect females in their 40s, but people can develop them at any age.

Symptoms include:

• one or more round, movable masses under the breast skin
• lumps with a smooth, rubbery texture
• lumps that are tender or painful to the touch

Doctors use ultrasound scans to diagnose breast cysts. If the ultrasound identifies that the cyst appears solid or has solid areas, the doctor may recommend a breast biopsy to rule out breast cancer.

Cysts that contain only fluid do not need treatment unless they are very large or cause discomfort.

Learn the difference between a cyst and a tumor here.

Fibrocystic breast changes occur when hormonal changes during menstruation cause lumpiness in one or both breasts.

Fibrocystic breast changes happen over time and over repeated menstrual cycles. They can cause some discomfort, but they do not increase the risk of breast cancer.

Other symptoms of fibrocystic breast changes include:

• tenderness or pain in the breast
• pain under the arms
• green or brown nipple discharge

Although fibrocystic breast changes tend to be harmless, they can make detecting breast cancer through breast self-examinations more difficult. This is why people need to have regular breast cancer screenings.

Fibrocystic breast changes do not usually require medical treatment. Taking over-the-counter (OTC) pain relievers and using warm compresses can help relieve uncomfortable or painful symptoms.

Learn more about other reasons for sore, lumpy breasts after a period here.

An intraductal papilloma is a noncancerous tumor that develops in the milk ducts. These growths are a common cause of nipple discharge.

People can have one near the nipple or a cluster of small tumors in the narrow milk ducts farther from the nipple.

Symptoms of intraductal papilloma include:

• swelling of the breast
• one or more lumps close to or behind the nipple
• clear or bloody nipple discharge

Doctors may treat intraductal papillomas by surgically removing the papilloma along with the affected area of the milk duct.

Learn more about papillomas here.

A lipoma is a collection of fat cells. They can develop anywhere in the body. Lipomas usually appear just below the skin, but they can also form inside the mammary glands.

Lipomas are soft, moveable, painless lumps. A lump is usually the only symptom.

A deeper lipoma may put pressure on internal organs or nerves and cause associated symptoms. For example, a person with a lipoma on or near the bowels may experience nausea and vomiting, and constipation.

Lipomas are usually benign, so most people do not need surgery to remove them.

Some people may want to remove a larger or fast-growing lipoma or one that interferes with daily functions and life.

Read more about when removing a lipoma is necessary.

Mastitis is an infection in the breast tissue.

A blocked milk duct or bacteria entering the breast can cause a breast infection. This may be more common when breastfeeding.

Symptoms of mastitis include:

• a lump or knot in the breast that is tender or sore to the touch
• redness and swelling of the breast
• pain or sensitivity when touching the affected area
• a warm or a burning sensation in the affected area
• flu-like symptoms, including fever and fatigue

Treatments for mastitis include antibiotics and OTC pain relievers. Untreated, mastitis can develop into a collection of pus, or an abscess, in the breast tissue. If an abscess forms, a person may need surgery to drain the pus.

Learn more about mastitis and how to treat it here.

Adenosis is a noncancerous breast condition characterized by abnormally large lobules in the breast. Adenosis can cause a lump that feels similar to a cyst or a tumor.

The enlarged lobules can contain calcium deposits, making it difficult for a doctor to distinguish them from tumors on a mammogram.

A doctor will use a biopsy to determine if the lump is adenosis or breast cancer. Before a biopsy, a medical professional will give the person a local anesthetic. They will then use a thin needle to remove a small tissue sample for laboratory testing.

People who have adenosis do not need treatment.

Learn about benign tumors here.

Phyllodes tumors are rare, making up less than 1% of all breast tumors. Most are benign, but around 1 in 10 are cancerous.

Some phyllodes tumors are borderline, meaning they fall between benign and malignant.

Phyllodes tumors feel like hard, painless masses. A doctor will usually perform a biopsy to diagnose these tumors because they are difficult to identify using mammograms and ultrasounds.

Surgery is the main treatment for phyllodes tumors.

Learn about what happens during breast lump removal surgery.

Sometimes, a lump in the breast can be cancerous.

Breast cancer is a collection of abnormal cells that develop in the tissue, ducts, or lobules of the breast. Breast cancer cells divide and multiply rapidly to form tumors that starve the surrounding tissue.

Breast cancer tumors are usually hard, irregular in shape, and painless.

Early diagnosis of breast cancer is vitally important. Some people can develop breast cancer symptoms before they notice a lump in the breast. Some of these symptoms include:

• swelling or pain in the breast
• discoloration, irritation, or rash on the breast skin
• dimpling of the breast skin
• changes in the appearance of the breast or nipple
• nipple discharge

Learn more about the early signs of breast cancer here.

The signs of breast cancer are different for everyone. The most common signs are changes in the look or feel of the breast or the nipple and nipple discharge.

Typical warning signs of breast cancer include:

• a lump with a different appearance or texture to the rest of the breast
• a hard lump in the breast
• a painful lump in the breast
• dimpling or puckering of the skin
• a change in the size or shape of the breast
• swelling, warmth, redness, or discoloration on the breast

Learn about what types of breast lumps indicate cancer here.

The most common cause of breast lumps in males is gynecomastia. An imbalance of the hormones estrogen and testosterone causes it. It may affect pre-teen and teenage boys and males.

The symptoms include:

• swelling in the breast tissue
• painful breast tissue
• tenderness in the breast area
• sensitive nipples

The condition tends to go away on its own. However, the condition may sometimes need treatment, such as treating the underlying cause of gynecomastia, when possible. Doctors may also recommend people discontinue certain medications if they have played a role in gynecomastia.

While it is rare, males can also develop breast cancer. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, about 1 in every 100 breast cancers in the United States affect males.

Common symptoms of breast cancer in males are:

• a lump in the breast
• swelling in the breast
• redness in the breast
• flaky skin in the breast
• irritation or dimpling of breast skin
• discharge from the nipple
• pain in the nipple area

Learn more about the stages of breast cancer in males here.

To assess a breast lump, a doctor or another healthcare professional will review a person’s medical history and perform a physical examination of the breast. They may then use imaging tests to see if the lump is benign or cancerous.

Such tests may include:

• Mammograms: These involve taking X-ray photos of the breast tissue.
• Ultrasound scans: Doctors use these to investigate abnormal findings from physical exams or mammograms.
• MRI scans: These create detailed images of the breast to investigate any abnormal findings from physical exams or mammograms.

People who have a very high risk of developing breast cancer should have frequent screenings.

If a doctor is still unsure about the nature of a breast lump after performing imaging tests, they may recommend a biopsy to determine if the lump is benign or cancerous.

Learn more about breast cancer from our dedicated hub.

While most breast lumps are benign, people should have a healthcare professional check for any new or unusual breast lumps.

Anyone who experiences any of the following warning signs should seek guidance from a medical professional:

• a hard lump inside the breast, near the collarbone, or under the arm
• swelling, discoloration, or rash on the breast skin
• dimpling or puckering of the breast skin
• changes in the size or shape of the breast
• changes in the shape of the nipple
• nipple turning inward, or retraction
• unusual nipple discharge
• a new lump that does not go away after one full menstrual cycle
• unintentional weight loss

Learn about the links between age and breast cancer here.

Most breast lumps are benign. If a person finds a lump in either breast or both, they should schedule an appointment with a doctor for a diagnosis.

According to the ACS, breast cancer is the most common cancer among females, apart from skin cancers in the United States. The average risk of females developing breast cancer in their lifetime is around 13%.

Learn about the average survival rates of breast cancer here.

Regular breast screening, such as self-breast examinations and mammograms, plays a vital role in the early detection of breast cancer.

The National Breast Cancer Foundation recommends performing breast self-exams once every month.

The ACS state that females aged 45–54 should have annual mammograms.

All breasts are different, so what might be standard for one person may not be for another. People should try to become familiar with their breasts so that they can inform their doctor of any changes.

Types, diagnosis, and other symptoms

Different types of lumps can develop in the breasts. These may hurt and cause discomfort or may be painless. Tumors, cysts, and infections are common causes of breast lumps.

If a person notices any changes in the breast, it is essential to consult a doctor. The majority of breast lumps are benign, or noncancerous. A breast lump can appear anywhere in the breast tissue, but most commonly in the following areas:

• near the surface of the skin
• deeper inside the breast tissue
• closer to the armpit area
• on the side of the breast

Sometimes, a lump in the breast can signify cancer, so a person should consult a doctor regarding any changes or lumps they find in their breast.

This article discusses what to do if a person finds a lump, the causes, signs to look out for, lumps in males vs. females, and when to see a doctor for a diagnosis.

A note about sex and gender

Sex and gender exist on spectrums. This article will use the terms “male,” “female,” or both to refer to sex assigned at birth. Click here to learn more.

Was this helpful?

Breast tissue is naturally lumpy, and its textures change with hormones and aging processes. A person should compare the size, appearance, and texture of both breasts. Evenly dispersed lumps in both breasts usually indicate healthy breast tissue.

If a person discovers a new lump in one of their breasts, they can consult a doctor to discuss any concerns, the characteristics of the lump, and any other breast changes.

Lumps that differ from the surrounding breast tissue may suggest a tumor. This could be cancerous, noncancerous, or another breast condition.

Learn how to examine your breasts here.

There are various causes of breast lumps. Some of the most common causes include:

Fibroadenoma is the most common type of noncancerous tumor that affects the breast. Fibroadenomas are most common among females aged 20–30, but females of any age can have them.

A fibroadenoma is a tumor made up of glandular and connective tissues. It feels like a small, round marble in the breast and is not tender to the touch.

Signs or symptoms of a fibroadenoma include:

• clear-cut borders
• moveable under the skin
• firm or rubbery to the touch

The lumps tend to measure around 2.5 centimeters (cm) in diameter. Some are too small to feel, but they will appear on mammograms and ultrasounds. A lump may also grow to 5 cm, and doctors refer to this as a giant fibroadenoma.

For females, the size of the lump may vary due to the presence of higher estrogen levels during pregnancy or hormonal therapy. However, fibroadenomas may shrink during menopause.

Some people will have more than one fibroadenoma. According to the American Cancer Society (ACS), having a fibroadenoma can slightly increase a person’s risk of breast cancer.

Not all fibroadenomas require treatment. Some will shrink or even disappear on their own. A doctor will usually recommend removing the fibroadenoma if it grows or causes changes within the breast.

Learn more about menopause and sore breasts here.

Breast cysts are round sacs of fluid that can develop in breast tissue. Cysts account for about 25% of masses in the breast. They are benign and do not affect someone’s risk of breast cancer.

Breast cysts mainly affect females in their 40s, but people can develop them at any age.

Symptoms include:

• one or more round, movable masses under the breast skin
• lumps with a smooth, rubbery texture
• lumps that are tender or painful to the touch

Doctors use ultrasound scans to diagnose breast cysts. If the ultrasound identifies that the cyst appears solid or has solid areas, the doctor may recommend a breast biopsy to rule out breast cancer.

Cysts that contain only fluid do not need treatment unless they are very large or cause discomfort.

Learn the difference between a cyst and a tumor here.

Fibrocystic breast changes occur when hormonal changes during menstruation cause lumpiness in one or both breasts.

Fibrocystic breast changes happen over time and over repeated menstrual cycles. They can cause some discomfort, but they do not increase the risk of breast cancer.

Other symptoms of fibrocystic breast changes include:

• tenderness or pain in the breast
• pain under the arms
• green or brown nipple discharge

Although fibrocystic breast changes tend to be harmless, they can make detecting breast cancer through breast self-examinations more difficult. This is why people need to have regular breast cancer screenings.

Fibrocystic breast changes do not usually require medical treatment. Taking over-the-counter (OTC) pain relievers and using warm compresses can help relieve uncomfortable or painful symptoms.

Learn more about other reasons for sore, lumpy breasts after a period here.

An intraductal papilloma is a noncancerous tumor that develops in the milk ducts. These growths are a common cause of nipple discharge.

People can have one near the nipple or a cluster of small tumors in the narrow milk ducts farther from the nipple.

Symptoms of intraductal papilloma include:

• swelling of the breast
• one or more lumps close to or behind the nipple
• clear or bloody nipple discharge

Doctors may treat intraductal papillomas by surgically removing the papilloma along with the affected area of the milk duct.

Learn more about papillomas here.

A lipoma is a collection of fat cells. They can develop anywhere in the body. Lipomas usually appear just below the skin, but they can also form inside the mammary glands.

Lipomas are soft, moveable, painless lumps. A lump is usually the only symptom.

A deeper lipoma may put pressure on internal organs or nerves and cause associated symptoms. For example, a person with a lipoma on or near the bowels may experience nausea and vomiting, and constipation.

Lipomas are usually benign, so most people do not need surgery to remove them.

Some people may want to remove a larger or fast-growing lipoma or one that interferes with daily functions and life.

Read more about when removing a lipoma is necessary.

Mastitis is an infection in the breast tissue.

A blocked milk duct or bacteria entering the breast can cause a breast infection. This may be more common when breastfeeding.

Symptoms of mastitis include:

• a lump or knot in the breast that is tender or sore to the touch
• redness and swelling of the breast
• pain or sensitivity when touching the affected area
• a warm or a burning sensation in the affected area
• flu-like symptoms, including fever and fatigue

Treatments for mastitis include antibiotics and OTC pain relievers. Untreated, mastitis can develop into a collection of pus, or an abscess, in the breast tissue. If an abscess forms, a person may need surgery to drain the pus.

Learn more about mastitis and how to treat it here.

Adenosis is a noncancerous breast condition characterized by abnormally large lobules in the breast. Adenosis can cause a lump that feels similar to a cyst or a tumor.

The enlarged lobules can contain calcium deposits, making it difficult for a doctor to distinguish them from tumors on a mammogram.

A doctor will use a biopsy to determine if the lump is adenosis or breast cancer. Before a biopsy, a medical professional will give the person a local anesthetic. They will then use a thin needle to remove a small tissue sample for laboratory testing.

People who have adenosis do not need treatment.

Learn about benign tumors here.

Phyllodes tumors are rare, making up less than 1% of all breast tumors. Most are benign, but around 1 in 10 are cancerous.

Some phyllodes tumors are borderline, meaning they fall between benign and malignant.

Phyllodes tumors feel like hard, painless masses. A doctor will usually perform a biopsy to diagnose these tumors because they are difficult to identify using mammograms and ultrasounds.

Surgery is the main treatment for phyllodes tumors.

Learn about what happens during breast lump removal surgery.

Sometimes, a lump in the breast can be cancerous.

Breast cancer is a collection of abnormal cells that develop in the tissue, ducts, or lobules of the breast. Breast cancer cells divide and multiply rapidly to form tumors that starve the surrounding tissue.

Breast cancer tumors are usually hard, irregular in shape, and painless.

Early diagnosis of breast cancer is vitally important. Some people can develop breast cancer symptoms before they notice a lump in the breast. Some of these symptoms include:

• swelling or pain in the breast
• discoloration, irritation, or rash on the breast skin
• dimpling of the breast skin
• changes in the appearance of the breast or nipple
• nipple discharge

Learn more about the early signs of breast cancer here.

The signs of breast cancer are different for everyone. The most common signs are changes in the look or feel of the breast or the nipple and nipple discharge.

Typical warning signs of breast cancer include:

• a lump with a different appearance or texture to the rest of the breast
• a hard lump in the breast
• a painful lump in the breast
• dimpling or puckering of the skin
• a change in the size or shape of the breast
• swelling, warmth, redness, or discoloration on the breast

Learn about what types of breast lumps indicate cancer here.

The most common cause of breast lumps in males is gynecomastia. An imbalance of the hormones estrogen and testosterone causes it. It may affect pre-teen and teenage boys and males.

The symptoms include:

• swelling in the breast tissue
• painful breast tissue
• tenderness in the breast area
• sensitive nipples

The condition tends to go away on its own. However, the condition may sometimes need treatment, such as treating the underlying cause of gynecomastia, when possible. Doctors may also recommend people discontinue certain medications if they have played a role in gynecomastia.

While it is rare, males can also develop breast cancer. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, about 1 in every 100 breast cancers in the United States affect males.

Common symptoms of breast cancer in males are:

• a lump in the breast
• swelling in the breast
• redness in the breast
• flaky skin in the breast
• irritation or dimpling of breast skin
• discharge from the nipple
• pain in the nipple area

Learn more about the stages of breast cancer in males here.

To assess a breast lump, a doctor or another healthcare professional will review a person’s medical history and perform a physical examination of the breast. They may then use imaging tests to see if the lump is benign or cancerous.

Such tests may include:

• Mammograms: These involve taking X-ray photos of the breast tissue.
• Ultrasound scans: Doctors use these to investigate abnormal findings from physical exams or mammograms.
• MRI scans: These create detailed images of the breast to investigate any abnormal findings from physical exams or mammograms.

People who have a very high risk of developing breast cancer should have frequent screenings.

If a doctor is still unsure about the nature of a breast lump after performing imaging tests, they may recommend a biopsy to determine if the lump is benign or cancerous.

Learn more about breast cancer from our dedicated hub.

While most breast lumps are benign, people should have a healthcare professional check for any new or unusual breast lumps.

Anyone who experiences any of the following warning signs should seek guidance from a medical professional:

• a hard lump inside the breast, near the collarbone, or under the arm
• swelling, discoloration, or rash on the breast skin
• dimpling or puckering of the breast skin
• changes in the size or shape of the breast
• changes in the shape of the nipple
• nipple turning inward, or retraction
• unusual nipple discharge
• a new lump that does not go away after one full menstrual cycle
• unintentional weight loss

Learn about the links between age and breast cancer here.

Most breast lumps are benign. If a person finds a lump in either breast or both, they should schedule an appointment with a doctor for a diagnosis.

According to the ACS, breast cancer is the most common cancer among females, apart from skin cancers in the United States. The average risk of females developing breast cancer in their lifetime is around 13%.

Learn about the average survival rates of breast cancer here.

Regular breast screening, such as self-breast examinations and mammograms, plays a vital role in the early detection of breast cancer.

The National Breast Cancer Foundation recommends performing breast self-exams once every month.

The ACS state that females aged 45–54 should have annual mammograms.

All breasts are different, so what might be standard for one person may not be for another. People should try to become familiar with their breasts so that they can inform their doctor of any changes.

90,000 experts talk about the “silent” symptoms of breast cancer that no one notices.

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Oncological diseases

symptoms

What do these symptoms mean?

What do these symptoms mean?

Diseases

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According to statistics, 50,000 new cases of breast cancer are registered in Russia every year. To fight this disease, it is extremely important to detect it on time – if a malignant tumor is detected at a late stage, the survival rate is low.

That is why it is necessary to monitor the condition of your breasts and notice any changes in them. In addition to lumps that you can feel, there are other signs that may indicate the development of breast cancer. Here’s what, according to doctors, you should pay attention to.

Lump in the armpit

Oncologist Jasmeet Singh of Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center notes that an unexpected symptom of breast cancer is the appearance of a lump under the armpit – this is due to an increase in lymph nodes near the breast. As experts at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute explain, a healthy knot is shaped like a lima bean and will be “tight and a little pliable,” while a potentially cancerous knot will become round and hard, like marble.

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Changes in the nipples or skin

Dr. Laura Dominici, Associate Surgeon at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, urges attention to any changes in the skin of the breast and nipples – dimples, inversions, cracks and inflammation – all of which can indicate breast cancer .

Nipple discharge

According to Dominici, occasional nipple discharge is always a cause for concern. But if they are not transparent, but bloody, white or green, you should immediately consult a doctor. Laura also adds that women may notice this kind of bleeding in the stains that remain on the bra after a day of wearing.

Read also: This symptom of cancer appears at night, but they do not pay attention to it: be vigilant!

Swelling or inflammation

These are usually symptoms of an infection, but Singh says they can sometimes be signs of breast cancer. “If you notice that the inflammation does not go away after taking antibiotics, you should immediately contact an oncologist,” advises the doctor.

Change in breast size

“If your breast size is changing dramatically, it could be a sign of breast cancer,” says Dominici. You can notice this symptom by the way the bra fits, or by comparing one breast with another. Dominici explains that more often the mammary gland swells in case of illness, but in rare cases it can decrease – this is also worth paying attention to.

The surgeon advises those who have found the listed symptoms not to panic – sometimes they can talk about the appearance of a benign tumor. However, having noticed these alarming bells, you should definitely contact a specialist – after all, this simple action can save your life.

Breast cancer – causes and symptoms.

Breast cancer is a disease caused by the degeneration of normal glandular tissue cells into cancer cells. This type of cancer is the second most common after lung cancer and the first among women. About 10% of women aged 13 to 90 years at risk. Among men, such a disease is rare (1%).

Causes of breast cancer:

1. Genetic predisposition
Most often, breast cancer occurs in women whose relatives were exposed to this disease. First of all, the mother and / or sister, if any. If cancer was found in one of the closest relatives, oncology diagnostics should be carried out from an earlier age.

2. Starting menstruation before age 12 and stopping after age 55
Statistically speaking, breast cancer is most common in women with high estrogen levels. The longer the menstrual cycles last, the higher the level of female hormones and the higher the risk. The absence of childbirth and pregnancy is also the cause of cancer.

3. The presence of cancer of the genital organs (including cured)

The direct connection between the female genital organs and the mammary gland provokes the occurrence of disease throughout the female system: a malignant tumor of the cervix, uterus and other organs often provokes the development of breast cancer.
4. Smoking and alcohol abuse
Carcinogens contained in tobacco combustion products reduce the body’s defenses and can lead to cancer. Such factors include radiation exposure, poor environmental conditions in the region, etc.

5. Obesity, diabetes mellitus, hypertension

6. Taking exogenous hormones for more than 10 years

7. Injuries, mastitis

The risk increases – in those who have had a disease or injury of the breast, even not significant.
Unfortunately, if there is not a single risk factor listed above, it is impossible to completely exclude the possibility of this disease. The only way to reduce damage is early diagnosis.
Symptoms of breast cancer

Often, at the initial stage, a tumor in the mammary gland does not manifest itself. But in most cases, cancer can be detected at an early stage.

About 70% of all breast tumors are found by women themselves or after a gynecological examination in Moscow, so the importance of a proper examination of their mammary glands is essential. It is also very important to simply know that a woman should look at her mammary glands at least once a month, even if she does not feel anything unusual in them. The optimal time for this procedure is 5-7 days after the end of menstruation.

Symptoms of breast cancer by stages

Stage I
The size of the tumor is not more than 2 cm in diameter. There are no regional metastases, and there is no germination into the skin and surrounding fatty tissue.

Stage IIa
The size of the tumor is 2-5 cm in diameter, germination in the tissue does not occur at all or there is partial adhesion to the skin. There are no metastases.

The main symptoms of stage IIa breast cancer are

• “wrinkle symptom” – the appearance of shallow wrinkles on the skin of the breast when caught in a fold; wrinkles are perpendicular to the crease,
• “symptom of the site” – the appearance of a site with reduced elasticity on the skin of the mammary gland; this area of ​​​​the skin does not straighten out after even a short infringement.

IIb stage
The size of the tumor is 2–5 cm in diameter. The presence of no more than 2 metastases on the affected side of the chest. Possible initial manifestations of umbilization (retraction)

Stage III
The size of the tumor is more than 5 cm in diameter. There is no germination into the skin and surrounding fatty tissue.

Symptoms of stage III breast cancer:
• symptom of umbilization – retracted skin over the tumor;
• lemon peel symptom;
• swelling of the skin, possible retraction of the nipple.
No more than 2 metastases are allowed for this stage.

Stage IV
The tumor spreads to the entire breast. There may be extensive ulceration, metastases.

Metastases
Breast cancer metastasizes to various tissues and organs. The defeat of metastases occurs through the milk passages, through the capillaries and vessels. In breast cancer, metastases spread to the axillary, subscapular, sub- and supraclavicular lymph nodes. Distant metastasis occurs in soft tissues, skin. Metastases can affect the liver, lungs, ovaries, as well as the pelvic and femoral bones.

Other symptoms of breast cancer are:

• change in the size or shape of the breast;
• discharge from the nipples;
• inverted nipple;
• changes in the structure of the skin;
• redness, peeling, the presence of areas of inflammation on the mammary gland;
• formation of skin edema in the form of a lemon peel.

Treatment of breast cancer

The choice of a particular method of treatment of breast cancer is determined by a number of factors:
1. tumor type;
2. disease stage;
3. general condition of the patient.

Surgical intervention

If breast cancer is detected, it is possible to perform organ-preserving and reconstructive-restorative operations. In the case of a large formation, a mastectomy is performed – complete removal.

If the likelihood of cancer in the second gland is high, removal of both glands is recommended.

Radiation therapy

It is mainly prescribed after surgery for medical reasons. The essence of this method of treatment is to influence the neoplasm with ionizing radiation in order to destroy the remaining cancer cells in the area of ​​surgical intervention and on the area of ​​the lymph nodes.

Chemotherapy

Treatment with drugs that kill cancer cells can be done before or after surgery. Preliminary chemotherapy is prescribed to reduce the size of the tumor and evaluate the effect of chemotherapy drugs on the tumor.

Hormone Therapy

Used to treat hormone sensitive tumors. Hormone therapy can reduce the risk of recurrence of the disease. With an inoperable tumor, this method of treatment allows you to control its growth.

Prevention of breast cancer

Prevention includes medical procedures and simple rules in everyday life, especially for women who have a family predisposition to breast cancer.