Summary of Pertussis Vaccination Recommendations

Summary of DTaP and Tdap Vaccine Recommendations across the Lifespan

Summary of DTaP and Tdap Vaccine Recommendations across the Lifespan

Age/Status	Recommendations
Birth through 6 years	CDC routinely recommends DTaP at 2, 4, and 6 months, at 15 through 18 months, and at 4 through 6 years.
7 through 10 years	CDC routinely recommends Tdap for children ages 7 through 10 years who are not fully vaccinated (see note 1) against pertussis: Single dose of Tdap for those not fully vaccinated (see note 1) or If additional doses of tetanus and diphtheria toxoid-containing vaccines are needed, then children aged 7 through 10 years should be vaccinated according to the catch-up schedule, with Tdap preferred as the first dose. UPDATED JAN 2011
11 through 18 years	CDC routinely recommends Tdap as a single dose for those 11 through 18 years of age with preferred administration at 11 through 12 years of age. If an adolescent was not fully vaccinated (see note 1) as a child, check the ACIP recommendations and catch-up schedule to determine what’s indicated. If adolescents (13 through 18 years) missed getting Tdap at 11 to 12 years of age, administer at the next patient encounter or sooner if adolescent will have close contact with infants.
19 years or older	Any adult 19 years of age or older who has never received a dose of Tdap should get one as soon as feasible. You should administer Tdap regardless of interval since the last tetanus or diphtheria toxoid-containing vaccine. This should be followed by either a Td or Tdap shot every 10 years. When feasible, Boostrix® (GSK) should be used for adults 65 years and older; however, either vaccine product administered to a person 65 years or older provides protection and may be considered valid. You should not miss an opportunity to vaccinate persons aged 65 years or older with Tdap. Therefore, you may administer the Tdap vaccine you have available. UPDATED JAN 2020
Pregnant women	Pregnant women should get a dose of Tdap during each pregnancy, preferably during the early part of gestation weeks 27 through 36. By getting Tdap during pregnancy, maternal pertussis antibodies transfer to the newborn, providing protection against pertussis in early life, before the baby starts getting DTaP vaccines. Tdap will also help protect the mother at time of delivery, making her less likely to transmit pertussis to her infant. CDC only recommends Tdap in the immediate postpartum period before discharge from the hospital or birthing center for new mothers who have never received Tdap before or whose vaccination status is unknown. UPDATED AUG 2013
Healthcare personnel (see note 2)	CDC recommends a single dose of Tdap for healthcare personnel who have not previously received Tdap and who have direct patient contact. Tdap vaccination can help protect healthcare personnel against pertussis and help prevent them from spreading it to their patients. Give priority to vaccinating those who have direct contact with babies younger than 12 months of age. You should administer Tdap regardless of interval since the previous Td dose. However, shorter intervals between Tdap and last Td may increase the risk of mild local reactogenicity. For additional guidance, see Evaluating Revaccination of Healthcare Personnel. UPDATED JUN 2015

Abbreviation: ACIP – Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices

Note 1: CDC defines fully vaccinated as 5 doses of DTaP or 4 doses of DTaP if the fourth dose was administered on or after the fourth birthday.

Note 2: healthcare personnel include but are not limited to physicians, other primary care providers, nurses, aides, respiratory therapists, radiology technicians, students (e.g., medical, nursing, and pharmaceutical), dentists, social workers, chaplains, volunteers, and dietary and clerical workers.

For more detailed information, see Immunization of Health-Care Personnel: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP).

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• Pertussis Vaccination
• Combined DTaP/Tdap/Td Vaccine

Diphtheria, Tetanus, and Whooping Cough Vaccination: What You Should Know

What Everyone Should Know

• Who Should Get Diphtheria, Tetanus, and Whooping Cough Vaccines?
• Who Should Not Get These Vaccines?
• What Types of Vaccines Are There?
• How Well Do These Vaccines Work?
• What Are the Possible Side Effects?
• Where Can I Find These Vaccines?
• How Can I Get Help Paying for These Vaccines?

Key Facts

Vaccines used in the United States today against diphtheria and tetanus (i.e., DT, Td) sometimes also include protection against whooping cough or pertussis (i.e., DTaP, Tdap).

Who Should Get Diphtheria, Tetanus, and Whooping Cough Vaccines?

CDC recommends diphtheria, tetanus, and whooping cough (pertussis) vaccination for everyone.

Talk to your or your child’s doctor if you have questions about diphtheria, tetanus, and whooping cough vaccines.

Babies and Children

Babies need 3 shots of DTaP to build up high levels of protection against diphtheria, tetanus, and whooping cough. Then, young children need 2 booster shots to maintain that protection through early childhood. CDC recommends shots at the following ages:

• 2 months
• 4 months
• 6 months
• 15 through 18 months
• 4 through 6 years

For children who should not get whooping cough vaccines, doctors can give DT instead of DTaP. For example, children who had a very bad reaction to DTaP can receive DT. However, children who get DT will not receive any protection against whooping cough.

Tdap Vaccine for Preteen and Teens [1 page] | Spanish
This fact sheet answers general questions about the booster shot for preteens and teens.

Preteens and Teens

Preteens should get one shot of Tdap between the ages of 11 and 12 years to boost their immunity. Teens who didn’t get Tdap as a preteen should get one shot the next time they visit their doctor.

Pregnant Women

Women should get Tdap during the early part of the 3rd trimester of every pregnancy. By doing so, she helps protect her baby from whooping cough in the first few months of life.  Find out more about the Tdap pregnancy recommendation.

Adults

All adults who have never received one should get a Tdap shot. This can be given at any time, regardless of when they last got Td. This should be followed by either a Td or Tdap shot every 10 years.

Who Should Not Get These Vaccines?

Because of age or health conditions, some people should not get certain vaccines or should wait before getting them. Read the guidelines below and ask your or your child’s doctor for more information.

DT or Td

Tell the person who is giving the shot if you or your child:

• Has had an allergic reaction after a previous shot of any vaccine that protects against tetanus or diphtheria, or has any severe, life-threatening allergies
• Has ever had Guillain-Barré syndrome (also called “GBS”)
• Has had severe pain or swelling after a previous shot of any vaccine that protects against tetanus or diphtheria
• Is not feeling well
  • Children with minor illnesses, such as a cold, may be vaccinated. Children who are moderately or severely ill should usually wait until they recover before getting the vaccine. Your child’s doctor can give you more information.
• DT only: Is 7 years or older
  • Doctors should not give DT to anyone 7 years or older. Talk to your child’s doctor about how your child can catch-up on their immunization schedule.
• Td only: Is younger than 7 years old
  • Doctors should not give Td to anyone younger than 7 years old.

DTaP or Tdap

Tell the person who is giving the shot if you or your child:

• Has had an allergic reaction after a previous shot of any vaccine that protects against tetanus, diphtheria, or whooping cough, or has any severe, life-threatening allergies
• Has had a coma, decreased level of consciousness, or prolonged seizures within 7 days after a previous shot of any whooping cough vaccine
• Has seizures or another nervous system problem
• Has ever had Guillain-Barré syndrome (also called “GBS”)
• Has had severe pain or swelling after a previous shot of any vaccine that protects against tetanus or diphtheria
• Is not feeling well
  • Children with minor illnesses, such as a cold, may be vaccinated. Children who are moderately or severely ill should usually wait until they recover before getting the vaccine. Your child’s doctor can give you more information.
• DTaP only: Is 7 years or older
  • Doctors should not give DTaP to anyone 7 years or older. Talk to your child’s doctor about how your child can catch-up on their immunization schedule.
• Tdap only: Is younger than 7 years old
  • Doctors should not give Tdap to anyone younger than 7 years old.

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What Types of Diphtheria, Tetanus, and Whooping Cough Vaccines Are There?

A combination vaccine contains 2 or more vaccines in a single shot in order to decrease the number of shots given.

The Food and Drug Administration licensed 12 combination vaccines for use in the United States to help protect against diphtheria and tetanus. Nine of these vaccines also help protect against whooping cough. Some of the vaccines include protection against other diseases as well, including Haemophilus influenzae type b disease, hepatitis B, and polio.

• DT and Td (TENIVAC^® and TDVAX^®) provide protection against diphtheria and tetanus.
• DTaP (DAPTACEL^®, Infanrix^®, Kinrix^®, Pediarix^®, Pentacel^®, Quadracel^®, and Vaxelis^™) provides protection against diphtheria, tetanus, and whooping cough.
• Tdap (Adacel^® and Boostrix^®) provides protection against tetanus, diphtheria, and whooping cough.

Upper-case letters in these abbreviations mean the vaccine has a full-strength amount of that part of the vaccine. The lower-case “d” and “p” in Td and Tdap means these vaccines use smaller amounts of diphtheria and whooping cough. The “a” in DTaP and Tdap stands for “acellular,” meaning that the whooping cough component contains only parts of the bacteria instead of the whole bacteria.

DT and Td Vaccines

• DT Generic: Doctors give this vaccine in a 5-shot series to babies and children 6 weeks through 6 years old. Doctors only use this vaccine for children who should not get whooping cough vaccines.
• TDVAX®: Doctors give this vaccine every 10 years as a booster shot to people 7 years or older. Doctors may also give it as part of a 3-shot series to people 7 years or older who have not previously gotten any tetanus and diphtheria vaccines. Doctors may also use this vaccine to complete the childhood vaccine series for tetanus and diphtheria in people 7 years or older.
• TENIVAC^®: Doctors give this vaccine every 10 years as a booster shot to people 7 years or older. Doctors may also give it as part of a 3-shot series to people 7 years or older who have not previously gotten any tetanus and diphtheria vaccines. Doctors may also use this vaccine to complete the childhood vaccine series for tetanus and diphtheria in people 7 years or older.

Tdap Vaccines

• Adacel^®: Doctors give a single shot to preteens and teens, as well as adults who need it. Doctors give a shot to women during each pregnancy. Doctors also give it as part of a 3-shot series to people 7 years or older who have not previously gotten any tetanus, diphtheria, and whooping cough vaccines. Doctors may also use this vaccine to complete the childhood vaccine series for tetanus, diphtheria, and whooping cough in people 7 years or older. Doctors may use this vaccine in place of a Td vaccine every 10 years as a booster shot to people 7 years or older.
• Boostrix^®: Doctors give a single shot to preteens and teens, as well as adults who need it. Doctors give a shot to women during each pregnancy. Doctors also give it as part of a 3-shot series to people 7 years or older who have not previously gotten any tetanus, diphtheria, and whooping cough vaccines. Doctors may also use this vaccine to complete the childhood vaccine series for tetanus, diphtheria, and whooping cough in people 7 years or older. Doctors may use this vaccine in place of a Td vaccine every 10 years as a booster shot to people 7 years or older.

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved both Boostrix® and Adacel® for use during pregnancy.

DTaP Vaccines

• DAPTACEL^®: Doctors use this vaccine for all 5 shots in the DTaP vaccine series in babies and children 6 weeks through 6 years old.
• Infanrix^®: Doctors use this vaccine for all 5 shots in the DTaP vaccine series in babies and children 6 weeks through 6 years old.
• Kinrix^®: Doctors use this vaccine as the fifth shot in the DTaP vaccine series in children 4 through 6 years old. It also gives protection against polio.
• Pediarix^®: Doctors use this vaccine for the first 3 shots in the DTaP vaccine series in babies and children 6 weeks through 4 years old. It also gives protection against polio and hepatitis B.
• Pentacel^®: Doctors use this vaccine for the first 4 shots in the DTaP vaccine series in babies and children 6 weeks through 4 years old. It also gives protection against polio and invasive disease caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b.
• Quadracel^®: Doctors use this vaccine as the fifth shot in the DTaP vaccine series in children 4 through 6 years old. It also gives protection against polio.
• Vaxelis^™: Doctors use this vaccine for the first 3 shots in the DTaP vaccine series in babies and children 6 weeks through less than 1 year old. It also gives protection against polio, hepatitis B, and invasive disease caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b.

How Well Do These Vaccines Work?

Summary

Vaccines that help protect against diphtheria, tetanus, and whooping cough work well, but differ in exactly how well they work against each disease. Protection from these vaccines decreases over time.

The vaccines protect:

• Nearly everyone (97 in 100) against diphtheria for approximately 10 years.
• Virtually everyone against tetanus for approximately 10 years.

In studies showing how well the whooping cough component works for children who get all five doses, DTaP fully protects:

• Nearly all children (98 in 100) within the year following the last dose.
• About 7 in 10 children five years after getting the last dose of DTaP. The other 3 in 10 kids are partially protected and are less likely to have serious disease if they do get whooping cough.

In studies showing how well the whooping cough component works, Tdap fully protects:

• About 7 in 10 people in the first year after getting it.
• About 3 or 4 in 10 people four years after getting it.

In studies showing how well the whooping cough component works when women get Tdap during pregnancy, the vaccine protects:

• More than 3 in 4 babies younger than 2 months old from getting whooping cough.
• About 9 in 10 babies from whooping cough infections serious enough to need treatment in a hospital.

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In Depth

Diphtheria

Diphtheria was once a major cause of illness and death among children. The United States recorded 206,000 cases of diphtheria in 1921, resulting in 15,520 deaths. Starting in the 1920s, diphtheria rates dropped quickly in the United States and other countries that began widely vaccinating. Due to the success of the U.S. immunization program, diphtheria is now nearly unheard of in the United States. In 2019, countries reported more than 22,900 cases to the World Health Organization, but many more cases likely go unreported.

Tetanus

The United States introduced the first tetanus-toxoid containing vaccine into the routine childhood immunization schedule in the late 1940s. At that time, states reported between 500 and 600 cases each year. Tetanus infections steadily declined after the vaccination recommendation. Today, tetanus is uncommon in the United States, with an average of 30 reported cases each year. Nearly all cases of tetanus today are in people who never got a tetanus vaccine or did not receive a complete course of tetanus vaccines, or adults who didn’t stay up to date on their 10-year booster shots.

Whooping Cough

• Acellular vaccine: A vaccine that is made using part of the bacterium or organism
• Whole cell vaccine: A vaccine that is made using a weakened form of the entire bacterium or organism

Whooping cough vaccines became widely available in the 1940s. Before then, about 200,000 children got sick and about 9,000 died from whooping cough each year in the United States. After vaccine introduction, whooping cough cases reached an all-time low in the 1970s. Since then, there has been a slow but steady increase in reported whooping cough cases. There are several reasons likely contributing to this increase:

• Increased awareness
• Improved diagnostic tests
• Better reporting
• More spread (circulation) of the bacteria
• Waning immunity (when a vaccine does not provide long-lasting protection) from current vaccines

The bacteria that cause whooping cough are also always changing at a genetic level. Research is underway to determine if any of the changes are having an impact on public health. However, the latest studies suggest that whooping cough vaccines continue to be effective despite recent genetic changes.

Learn more about whooping cough outbreaks.

What Are the Possible Side Effects?

Most people who get a vaccine that helps protect against diphtheria, tetanus, and whooping cough do not have any serious problems with it. With any medicine, including vaccines, there is a chance of side effects. These are usually mild and go away on their own within a few days, but serious reactions are possible.

Mild Problems

DT Vaccine

Mild problems following DT vaccination can include:

• Reactions where the doctor gave the shot
  • Redness
  • Swelling
  • Soreness or tenderness
• Fever
• Loss of appetite
• Vomiting

DTaP Vaccine

Mild problems following DTaP vaccination can include:

• Reactions where the doctor gave the shot
  • Swelling
  • Soreness
• Fever
• Irritability (fussiness)
• Feeling tired
• Loss of appetite
• Vomiting

More serious reactions, such as seizures, non-stop crying for 3 hours or more, or high fever (over 105°F) after DTaP vaccination happen much less often. Rarely, vaccination is followed by swelling of the entire arm or leg, especially in older children when they receive their fourth or fifth dose.

Td Vaccine

Problems following Td vaccination can include:

• Reactions where the doctor gave the shot
  • Pain
  • Redness
  • Swelling
• Mild fever
• Headache
• Feeling tired
• Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, or stomachache

Tdap Vaccine

Problems following Tdap vaccination can include:

• Reactions where the doctor gave the shot
  • Pain
  • Redness
  • Swelling
• Mild fever
• Headache
• Feeling tired
• Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, or stomachache

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Problems that Could Happen after Getting Any Injected Vaccine

• People sometimes faint after medical procedures, including vaccination. Sitting or lying down for about 15 minutes after receiving a vaccine can help prevent fainting and injuries caused by a fall. Tell your doctor if you or your child:
  • Feels dizzy
  • Has vision changes
  • Has ringing in the ears
• As with any medicine, there is a very remote chance of a vaccine causing a severe allergic reaction, other serious injury, or death.

Where Can I Find These Vaccines?

Your or your child’s doctor’s office is usually the best place to receive recommended vaccines.

Finding vaccines for children

These vaccines are part of the routine childhood immunization schedule. Therefore, they are regularly available for children at:

• Pediatric offices
• Family practice offices
• Community health clinics
• Public health departments
• Pharmacies

Finding vaccines for adults

If your doctor does not have these vaccines for adults, ask for a referral.

These vaccines may also be available for adults at:

• Pharmacies
• Workplaces
• Community health clinics
• Health departments
• Other community locations such as schools and religious centers

You can also contact your state health department to learn more about where to get vaccines in your community.

Recording your vaccination

When receiving any vaccine, ask the doctor or vaccine provider to record the vaccine in the state or local registry, if available. This helps doctors at future encounters know what vaccines you or your child have already received.

How Can I Get Help Paying for These Vaccines?

There are several ways to cover the cost of diphtheria, tetanus, and whooping cough vaccines:

Medicare

Medicare Part D plans cover Tdap vaccine, but there may be costs to you depending on your specific plan.

Private Health Insurance

Most private health insurance plans cover these vaccines. Check with your insurance provider for details on whether there is any cost to you and for a list of in-network vaccine providers.

Vaccines for Children Program

Most health insurance plans cover routine vaccinations. The Vaccines for Children (VFC) program also provides vaccines for children 18 years and younger who are uninsured, underinsured, Medicaid-eligible, American Indian, or Alaska Native.

• Educational Materials
  • Diphtheria
  • Tetanus
  • Whooping Cough
• State Mandates
  • Child Care and Elementary Schools
  • Tdap Booster Requirements for Secondary Schools
• Vaccine Information Statements
  • DTaP (English / Other Languages)
  • Td (English / Other Languages)
  • Tdap (English / Other Languages)

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Vaccination against diphtheria, tetanus and whooping cough (DTP) and against polio

At 3 months, vaccination against whooping cough, diphtheria, tetanus, poliomyelitis begins. In the National Calendar, protection against these infections was introduced in 1953, and against tetanus since 1966. The following vaccines are used for vaccination:

– DPT is an adsorbed combined vaccine that contains a killed whole pertussis bacillus (which is why it is also called whole cell), toxoid (neutralized toxin) diphtheria and tetanus toxoid. This is a Russian vaccine (Microgen) and its use has virtually eliminated diphtheria and tetanus and markedly reduced the number of whooping cough cases.

The only thing that many parents do not like is the rise in temperature on the first day – this is a variant of a normal reaction to vaccination, as the cells of the immune system begin to work actively in response to contact with fragments of whooping cough.

But vaccine prophylaxis is constantly being improved, and acellular (or acellular) vaccines are currently being produced. These vaccines contain only 2 or 3 pertussis antigens, they do not contain a whole pertussis bacillus (up to 3000 pertussis antigens). But today, such vaccines are only foreign-made. Several similar vaccines are registered in Russia:

– the first vaccine registered in Russia in the early 2000s – Infanrix (GlaxoSmithKline, Belgium). The vaccine contains 3 pertussis antigens, diphtheria and tetanus toxoids.

– Infanrix hexa vaccine (GlaxoSmithKline, Belgium) was registered a little later. In addition to the composition of the previous vaccine, it also contains an inactivated vaccine against polio, hepatitis B and the Hiberix vaccine (against Haemophilus influenzae, which is the cause of complications in acute respiratory viral infections in young children).

– Pentaxim (Sanofi, France), registered and successfully used in Russia since 2008. In its combination, this vaccine also contains an inactivated (killed) polio vaccine, a vaccine against Haemophilus influenzae.

The revision of the main order for vaccination within the framework of the National Calendar N125n dated April 13, 2017 has the following additions – children at risk for vaccination against Haemophilus influenzae and the full course of vaccination with inactivated polio vaccine are identified:

• Immunocompromised;
• With anatomical defects leading to a sharply increased risk of haemophilus influenzae;
• With malformations of the intestines;
• With cancer and/or long-term immunosuppressive therapy;
• born to mothers with HIV infection;
• In orphanages;
• Premature and small babies.

Vaccination and revaccination of children at risk can be carried out with immunobiological drugs for the immunoprophylaxis of infectious diseases containing combinations of vaccines (for example, Pentaxim) intended for use in the appropriate age periods (edition of the order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation N 175n of 04/13/2017) .

Children who are not included in the risk group can, at the request of their parents, be vaccinated with acellular preparations for vaccination against whooping cough, diphtheria and tetanus for a fee. Information in this case can be obtained from the local pediatrician.

There may be other options for vaccinating children, depending on the possibilities of the regional budget.

In 2016, the vaccine Adasel (Sanofi, France) was registered in Russia, it also does not contain a whole pertussis bacillus, and the content of diphtheria and tetanus toxoids in the composition is less than in other preparations. This vaccine is mainly intended for revaccination of children over 4 years of age and adults (after 14 years it is possible every 10 years), since immunity against whooping cough is short-lived.

For children who are not vaccinated on time and are over 4 years of age, according to the National calendar, they are vaccinated only against diphtheria and tetanus (DTP vaccination with the drug is carried out up to 4 years, with Infanrix hexa up to 36 months), but vaccination can be performed at the request of the parents and drugs Pentaxim and Infanrix, as they have no age restrictions.

For vaccination against polio there are also changes in the National calendar since 2014.

Previously, live attenuated Sabin vaccine was used for mass vaccination since 1958-59 (it contained 3 vaccine strains of poliovirus), then to prevent vaccine-associated poliomyelitis in vaccinated and contact unvaccinated since 2014, the vaccination scheme has changed:

-V1 and V2 All children receive an inactivated vaccine at 3 months. and at 4.5 months,

-V3 at 6 months. and subsequent revaccinations at 1 g for 6 months, 1 g for 8 months. and at the age of 14 they receive the OPV oral polio vaccine, and since the spring of 2017 OPV contains only 2 strains of vaccination viruses – I and III – BiVac polio (FNCIRIP named after Chumakov, Russia).

Inactivated vaccines registered in Russia:

• Imovax Polio (Sanofi, France) – currently used as part of the combined Pentaxim vaccine,
• Poliorix (GlaxoSmithKline, Belgium) – currently used as part of the combined vaccine Infanrix hexa,
• Polymilex (Nanolek, Russia) – used for V1 and V2 against poliomyelitis since spring 2017.

Diphtheria – is a serious infection affecting both adults and children. The cause of the infection is a diphtheria bacillus, which is transmitted by airborne droplets, sometimes through common toys, household items. Diphtheria affects the nose, pharynx, larynx, less often – the skin, eyes. The patient develops films in the pharynx, which can spread to the nose and larynx and block breathing. In children under one year old, films immediately pass to the larynx, vocal cords, croup appears (laryngeal edema). In these cases, urgent measures are required, otherwise the person will suffocate. In addition, diphtheria is fraught with serious complications – damage to the heart, kidneys, nervous system. It is possible to avoid the disease only with timely vaccination. Vaccination protects against the toxin produced by the diphtheria bacterium, which causes all life-threatening conditions.

People who are vaccinated do not get severe, dangerous forms of diphtheria. They may develop a sore throat, but it is not life threatening.

Tetanus (tetanus ) is an acute infection with damage to the nervous system caused by a toxin that tetanus bacillus releases when it enters a wound from the ground. Tetanus is extremely severe and can develop at any age. The toxin affects the nervous system, causing muscle spasms and convulsions. Mortality with tetanus reaches 90%. Immunity during vaccination is formed against the toxin, as in diphtheria.

Whooping cough is a disease with a special lesion of the respiratory system, characterized by paroxysmal “spasmodic” cough. The child “comes in” in a cough until vomiting, reddening of the face and the appearance of small hemorrhages on the face, sclera of the eyes. Coughing attacks are especially disturbing at night and in the morning Whooping cough is dangerous with complications – pneumonia, and in young children – death due to apnea – respiratory arrest, convulsions and brain damage due to oxygen starvation

Polio – caused by three types of polio viruses, transmitted with water and food. As a rule, they do not die from polio, but paralysis or paresis can remain, more often than one leg, in which the limb gradually loses weight and shortens, and the child either limps heavily or cannot move at all without support. Sometimes paralysis of the respiratory muscles develops and a person cannot breathe without the help of special devices.

DTP and inactivated polio vaccines are given intramuscularly in the anterolateral thigh.

Vaccination plan.

DTP and polio vaccination starts at 3 months. After vaccination and DPT revaccination (see below), according to the vaccination schedule, adults are revaccinated every 10 years (ADS-M vaccine).

Vaccination of children according to the vaccination schedule:

Side effects.

DTP vaccine causes moderate side effects: slight fever on the first day; moderate soreness, redness and swelling at the injection site may occur with V 3 or R 1. An increase in body temperature (usually not higher than 37.5 C) and slight malaise can also be observed within 1-2 days after vaccination, rarely (up to 4% may be rise t above 38). At t above 38.5, it is necessary to give antipyretic drugs at home on the recommendation of a doctor paracetamol or ibuprofen. In the event of a repeated rise in t or an insufficient response to antipyretic drugs, you need to call a pediatrician or an ambulance and the doctor will prescribe the amount of necessary therapy. Wiping with vodka or alcohol is not recommended.

Children who are prone to allergic reactions may develop a rash, so the pediatrician may prescribe antiallergic drugs before and after vaccination.

Serious complications from DPT-immunization are rare; they occur in less than one percent of cases. It can be convulsions against a background of high fever, so it is recommended that children with a possible reaction be vaccinated against the background of antipyretics (paracetamol or ibuprofen).

In order to reduce the number of side effects on the whole cell DTP vaccine, it can be replaced with a combined analogue (Pentaxim, Infanrix vaccine), in which the whole cell pertussis component (up to 3000 antigens) is replaced by a cell-free version (2-3 antigens), which is practically does not cause adverse reactions. In addition, combined vaccines significantly reduce the injection load and reduce the total dose of additional substances (vaccine stabilizers, preservatives).

After vaccination with whooping cough, immunity is short-term and after 5-7 years you can get whooping cough. For revaccination at 7 years, 14 years and beyond for 10 years, Adasel vaccine can be used. The only thing is that vaccinated people can get sick in a more erased form – bronchitis or pneumonia may sound in the diagnosis, there may not be characteristic bouts of spasmodic cough, but for the unvaccinated, such a patient is a source of infection.

Whooping cough. existing vaccines.

Vaccines and schemes of administration. Vaccination Specialists

Whooping cough. existing vaccines. Vaccines and schemes of administration. Vaccination specialists

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FAQ

Vaccines and administration schedules Existing vaccines cell-free and cell-free pertussis vaccines, complex clinical trials have shown that the most effective vaccines in any of these categories protect more than 85% of vaccinated individuals against the clinical manifestations of the disease.

The best acellular vaccines show the same efficacy as the best whole cell vaccines (85%).

Existing

vaccines

Registered in Russia:

Combination vaccines containing cellular pertussis antigens:

• DPT — pertussis-diphtheria-tetanus adsorbed (Russia)

9002 1 Bubo-Kok – for the prevention of viral hepatitis B, diphtheria, whooping cough and tetanus (Russia)

• Bubo-M – for the prevention of viral hepatitis B, diphtheria, whooping cough and tetanus (Russia)

Combined vaccines containing cell-free pertussis antigens:

• aDTP – adsorbed acellular Pertussis-Diphtheria-Tetanus vaccine (Russia)
• Infanrix – pertussis-di phtheria-tetanus acellular adsorbed (France)
• Pentaxim – for the prevention of diphtheria and adsorbed tetanus, acellular pertussis, inactivated poliomyelitis and infections caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b, conjugated (France)
• Tetraxim – for the prevention of diphtheria and tetanus adsorbed, acellular pertussis, inactivated poliomyelitis (France)
• Infanrix Penta – diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis (acellular, component), inactivated poliomyelitis vaccine, infections caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b (Belgium) 9 0022
• InfanrixGexa – for the prevention of diphtheria, tetanus, whooping cough (acellular), hepatitis B, poliomyelitis (inactivated) and infections caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b (France)
• Adacel (AdCbc) – for the prevention of diphtheria (antigen reduced), tetanus and whooping cough (acellular), combined, adsorbed (Canada)

Some vaccines have age restrictions 29 days, aDPT-HepB+Hib – from 6 months of those not previously vaccinated, Adasel – from 4 to 64 years, etc.

Schedule

vaccination

• 1st vaccination – at 3 months.
• 2nd vaccination at 4.5 months
• 3rd vaccination – at 6 months.
• 1st revaccination – at 18 months.

In our country, only in certain areas a second revaccination is provided at 6-7 years (for example, in Moscow)

The choice of vaccine for immunization depends on the presence of contraindications, the age of the patient and violation of the vaccination schedule recommended by the vaccination schedule.

Contraindications

Temporary:

• acute illness or exacerbation of a chronic pathology 2-4 weeks after the temperature has dropped and/or the exacerbation has ended
• for mild forms of the disease, vaccinations are allowed after the disappearance of clinical symptoms
• immunization of persons with allergic diseases is carried out against the background of basic therapy

Permanent:

• hypersensitivity to any component of the DTP vaccine
• progress diseases of the nervous system
• afebrile convulsions in history
• development of a strong reaction to the previous administration of DTP vaccine (temperature rise above 40 C, at the injection site – edema and hyperemia over 8 cm in diameter)

With an increase in temperature above 38.