What are the symptoms of a torn ligament in the index finger. How is a torn ligament in the index finger diagnosed. What treatment options are available for a torn ligament in the index finger. How long does recovery from a torn ligament in the index finger typically take. What can be done to prevent ligament injuries in the fingers.

Understanding Ligament Injuries in the Fingers

Ligament injuries in the fingers, particularly in the index finger, can be painful and debilitating. These injuries occur when one or more ligaments supporting a finger joint are overstretched and damaged. Ligaments are tough, elastic bands of tissue that connect bones to other bones, providing stability and allowing proper movement of the joints.

Finger ligament injuries can range from minor sprains to complete tears, with varying degrees of severity and impact on finger function. Understanding the nature of these injuries is crucial for proper diagnosis and treatment.

Common Causes of Finger Ligament Injuries

Ligament injuries in the fingers often result from sudden, forceful movements or impacts. Some common causes include:

• Sports-related accidents (e.g., a ball hitting the finger)
• Fingers getting caught on clothing, nets, or other objects
• Falls or accidents where the finger is bent backwards
• Repetitive stress from certain occupations or activities

Are certain sports more prone to causing finger ligament injuries? Indeed, sports involving ball handling, such as basketball, volleyball, and football, have a higher incidence of finger ligament injuries due to the frequent impact and potential for fingers to be bent in unnatural directions.

Recognizing Symptoms of a Torn Ligament in the Index Finger

Identifying the symptoms of a torn ligament in the index finger is crucial for seeking timely medical attention. The most common signs include:

• Acute pain at the site of injury
• Swelling and bruising around the affected joint
• Reduced range of motion in the finger
• Stiffness and weakness
• Possible deformity or misalignment of the finger
• Instability when trying to move or use the finger

Does the severity of symptoms indicate the extent of the ligament tear? While severe pain and significant swelling may suggest a more serious injury, only a proper medical evaluation can determine the exact extent of the ligament damage.

Immediate First Aid for Finger Ligament Injuries

When a finger ligament injury occurs, prompt first aid can help minimize damage and promote healing. The RICE protocol is widely recommended:

1. Rest: Avoid using the injured finger to prevent further damage.
2. Ice: Apply ice to the affected area for 15-20 minutes every 1-2 hours.
3. Compression: Use a firm elastic bandage to compress the injured finger gently.
4. Elevation: Keep the hand elevated above heart level to reduce swelling.

Is it necessary to seek medical attention for all finger ligament injuries? While minor sprains may heal with home care, it’s advisable to consult a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and treatment, especially if symptoms are severe or persist beyond a few days.

Diagnostic Procedures for Finger Ligament Injuries

Accurate diagnosis of a torn ligament in the index finger is essential for appropriate treatment. Healthcare providers may use various diagnostic methods, including:

• Physical examination to assess pain, swelling, and range of motion
• X-rays to rule out fractures or other bone injuries
• MRI scans for detailed imaging of soft tissues, including ligaments
• Ultrasound to visualize ligament structure and any tears
• Stress tests to evaluate joint stability and ligament integrity

Can a torn ligament be definitively diagnosed without imaging? While experienced healthcare providers can often make a preliminary diagnosis based on physical examination, imaging studies are typically necessary to confirm the extent of the injury and guide treatment decisions.

Treatment Options for Torn Ligaments in the Index Finger

Treatment for a torn ligament in the index finger depends on the severity of the injury and may include conservative approaches or surgical intervention.

Conservative Treatment Methods

For minor to moderate ligament injuries, non-surgical treatments are often effective:

• Immobilization with splints or casts to allow proper healing
• Physical therapy to restore range of motion and strength
• Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for pain and swelling
• Occupational therapy to improve hand function and dexterity
• Gradual return to activities as healing progresses

Surgical Interventions

In cases of severe ligament tears or when conservative treatments fail, surgery may be necessary:

• Ligament repair to reattach torn ligaments to the bone
• Ligament reconstruction using grafts if the original ligament is too damaged
• Joint fusion for chronic instability or arthritis resulting from ligament injury

How long does recovery typically take after surgery for a torn finger ligament? Recovery time can vary significantly depending on the extent of the injury and the specific surgical procedure, but it generally ranges from 6 to 12 weeks for initial healing, with full recovery and return to sports or strenuous activities taking several months.

Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation for Finger Ligament Injuries

Physiotherapy plays a crucial role in the recovery process for finger ligament injuries. A comprehensive rehabilitation program may include:

• Range of motion exercises to prevent stiffness
• Strengthening exercises to rebuild muscle and ligament integrity
• Manual therapy techniques to improve joint mobility
• Proprioceptive training to enhance finger coordination and control
• Modalities such as ultrasound or electrical stimulation to promote healing
• Functional training to prepare for return to daily activities and sports

When can a patient begin physiotherapy after a finger ligament injury? The timing of physiotherapy initiation depends on the injury’s severity and treatment approach. In some cases, gentle exercises may begin within days of the injury, while in others, especially post-surgery, a period of immobilization may be necessary before starting rehabilitation.

Long-Term Effects and Complications of Finger Ligament Injuries

While many finger ligament injuries heal without significant long-term consequences, some patients may experience lasting effects or complications:

• Chronic pain or stiffness in the affected finger
• Reduced range of motion or flexibility
• Weakness in grip strength or finger dexterity
• Increased risk of re-injury or chronic instability
• Development of osteoarthritis in the injured joint
• Deformity or misalignment of the finger in severe cases

Can proper treatment and rehabilitation prevent long-term complications? While not all complications can be avoided, timely and appropriate treatment, coupled with a dedicated rehabilitation program, significantly reduces the risk of long-term issues and improves overall outcomes.

Prevention Strategies for Finger Ligament Injuries

Preventing finger ligament injuries is crucial, especially for individuals engaged in high-risk activities or sports. Some effective prevention strategies include:

• Proper warm-up and stretching exercises before physical activities
• Using appropriate protective gear, such as gloves or tape, during sports
• Maintaining good hand and finger strength through regular exercises
• Practicing proper technique in sports and occupational tasks
• Avoiding overuse and taking regular breaks during repetitive activities
• Addressing any underlying conditions that may increase injury risk

Are certain professions at higher risk for finger ligament injuries? Yes, occupations that involve repetitive hand movements, heavy lifting, or exposure to vibrating tools may have an increased risk of finger ligament injuries. Examples include construction workers, musicians, and healthcare professionals performing manual therapies.

Understanding the nature of finger ligament injuries, particularly in the index finger, is essential for proper care and recovery. By recognizing symptoms early, seeking appropriate medical attention, and following through with rehabilitation, individuals can optimize their chances of a full recovery and minimize the risk of long-term complications. Whether you’re an athlete, a professional in a high-risk occupation, or simply someone who values hand health, being informed about finger ligament injuries empowers you to take proactive steps in prevention and management.

Ligament Injuries In The Fingers – Hand – Conditions – Musculoskeletal – What We Treat

What is a ligament injury in the fingers?

A ligament injury in a finger is when one or more of the ligaments supporting a finger joint is overstretched and damaged. Physiotherapy is important following a ligament injury in the finger.

How does a ligament injury in the fingers happen?

Ligaments are injured when they are overstretched. This can occur if a finger is bent back with force. This is common in the sports and may be caused by a ball hitting the finger or if a finger gets caught on a fellow competitor’s clothing, a net or the ground.

Above: Soft tissue massage and mobilisations of the finger tendons and joints

What are the symptoms of a ligament injury in the fingers?

When a ligament supporting a finger joint is injured pain is felt in the finger. It is often made more painful if the joint is moved or if the finger is touched where the ligament is injured. Shortly after the injury the finger will become swollen and then bruised. Other symptoms may include:

• reduced range of movement
• stiffness
• weakness
• deformity
• biomechanical problems

What should I do if I have a ligament injury in my finger?

If you have or suspect you have a ligament injury in your finger, you should begin the RICE regime (Rest, Ice, Compression, and Elevation). Rest involves not using your finger. Ice should be applied to the injured site for 15–20 minutes every 1–2 hours using a bag of frozen peas in a moist cloth or towel or by submerging the finger in a cup of ice with a little bit of water.
Compression can be applied with a firm elastic bandage around the finger. Elevation involves lying or sitting with the injured site resting comfortably on a chair or pillows so that it is above the level of the heart. You should continue the RICE regime until your initial assessment with your physiotherapist. This should be arranged for as soon as possible following the injury (within the first couple of days).

Physiotherapy treatment for a ligament injury in the fingers.

Physiotherapy is very important in the treatment of an injured ligament within a finger. Initially, your physiotherapist will assess which tissues have been damaged and the extent of this damage. Referral for an X-ray may be required to determine whether any of the bones are damaged. From the assessment, your physiotherapist can devise a treatment plan specific to you.

Treatment may involve wearing a splint, electrotherapy to decrease pain, swelling and promote healing. Your physiotherapist will also provide you with a graduated programme of stretching and strengthening exercises to improve joint movement and strength. When you do return to normal activity or participation in sports your physiotherapist will advise you on protective measures such as taping techniques, splints and supports to protect the injured ligament/s.

Other treatment includes:

• Wax therapy
• Massage
• Soft Tissue Treatment
• Proprioceptive Exercise

What shouldn’t I do if I have a ligament injury in my finger?

If you have or suspect you have a ligament injury in your finger, you should not perform activities which increase blood flow to the injured area. These activities include hot showers, heat rubs, massage and the consumption of alcohol. These may increase swelling around the injured ligament and potentially prolong your recovery.

Can there be any long-term effects from a ligament injury in the fingers?

Most ligament injuries within a finger heal without complication in a matter of weeks. However, a proportion of injuries can result in longer-term effects, depending on the severity of the injury and extent of damage. When a ligament supporting a finger joint is injured, a piece of the bone it attaches can sometimes be chipped-off. This may prolong your recovery. Recovery may also be prolonged if the ligament is completely torn as surgery may be required to repair the ligament.

To arrange a physiotherapy assessment call Physio.co.uk on 0330 088 7800 or book online.

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Symptoms, Home Treatments, and More

Sprained Finger: Symptoms, Home Treatments, and More

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Medically reviewed by William Morrison, M. D. — By Ana Gotter — Updated on August 29, 2018

What is a sprain?

A sprain is an injury that occurs when ligaments are torn or stretched. Ligaments are the bands of tissue that connect joints together.

Sprains are extremely common injuries. While they are especially common in athletes that participate in sports involving catching or throwing balls, anyone can sprain a finger relatively easily.

General symptoms of sprains are pain, swelling, limited mobility, and bruising. There are three different grades of sprains. Each grade has its own specific version of these symptoms.

First-degree sprain

A first-degree sprain is the mildest. It involves ligaments that are stretched but not torn. Symptoms include:

• some localized pain and swelling around the joint
• a restriction in the ability to flex or extend the finger

The strength and stability of the finger and joint are not affected.

Second-degree sprain

A second-degree sprain is considered a moderate sprain, where more damage is done to the ligament. Damage may be done to the joint capsule, too. This may include a partial tear of the tissue. Symptoms include:

• more intense pain
• more significant swelling, which may extend to the full finger
• limited range of motion that may affect the entire finger, not just one joint
• mild instability of a joint

Third-degree sprain

A third-degree sprain is the most severe type of sprain. It indicates a severe tearing or rupture of the ligament. Symptoms may include:

• full or partial dislocation of the finger
• severe pain and swelling
• instability of the full finger
• discoloration of the finger

Sprained fingers are caused by physical impact to the finger. In most cases, sprains are caused by a blow to the end of a finger, which reverberates up to the joint and causes it to become hyperextended. This stretches or tears the ligaments.

Sports injuries are extremely common causes of sprained fingers. This is especially true for sports like basketball. If the player just barely misses the ball with the tips of their fingers, they could sprain them. That being said, anyone could sprain a finger just by hitting it the wrong way on the counter or breaking a fall.

If you think that you have a mild sprain, there’s no need to see a doctor at first. If home treatment hasn’t helped and you have no improved mobility after three or four days, though, make an appointment just to double check.

Second- and third-degree sprains may require the attention of a doctor. They’ll inspect the joint and ask you to flex and extend your finger so they can evaluate its function and mobility. They may order an X-ray to check for fractures and evaluate the extent of the damage.

To treat a sprained finger at home, RICE is the first step you’ll take. RICE stands for rest, ice, compression, and elevation. You’ll need to rest the joint and apply ice packs on (and then off) for 20 minutes at a time. Never apply ice directly to the skin; wrap the ice pack in a towel. You can also submerge the joint in cool water. The cold can help reduce swelling and pain.

Compress the affected joint by wrapping it, and keep it elevated. Compression and elevation both help to reduce swelling. Elevation is especially important at night.

In addition to RICE, you can take over-the-counter pain relievers like ibuprofen (Advil) or acetaminophen (Tylenol) every eight hours.

If the sprain is severe enough, your doctor might immobilize the finger with a splint, which can help ensure that it heals correctly. In rarer cases that include severely torn ligaments, your doctor may need to operate on the ligament to repair it.

After minor and even moderate sprains, you should be able to start carefully using the finger again, slowly increasing mobility. Mild and moderate sprains typically are fully healed within three to six weeks.

Sprains can be painful, but fortunately, they’re highly treatable. They’re also preventable. If you stretch before you exercise and build strength in the surrounding muscles, you’ll be less susceptible to sprains. You should also always use the appropriate protective gear when engaging in any type of sport or physical activity that requires it.

Last medically reviewed on June 14, 2017

How we reviewed this article:

Healthline has strict sourcing guidelines and relies on peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical associations. We avoid using tertiary references. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our editorial policy.

• Finger sprains. (n.d.). http://www.bssh.ac.uk/patients/conditions/33/finger_sprains
  
• Mayo Clinic Staff. (2015). Sprains and strains.
  mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sprains-and-strains/basics/prevention/con-20020958
• Zeigler T. (n.d.). Sprained finger.
  sportsmd.com/wrist-hand-injuries/sprained-finger/

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Medically reviewed by William Morrison, M.D. — By Ana Gotter — Updated on August 29, 2018

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Treatment of finger tendon rupture in a clinic in St. Petersburg

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Causes of finger tendon injury Treatment methods for ruptures

Causes of damage

Injury to the finger of the hand with a sharp object, you can easily damage the extensor tendon, which is located on the back of the finger. However, closed, subcutaneous injuries are also often encountered: when the skin remains intact, and the tendon is torn. This can happen with a butt blow to the finger or under rather curious circumstances, for example, when the patient puts on a sock and hears a slight crack at the same time. Trying to understand the reason for this sound, a person notices that the nail phalanx does not unbend, although there was no injury. Thus, as a result of a rupture of the extensor tendon, the nail phalanx of the finger ceases to actively unbend, but is able to bend at the same time. The flexor tendon, retaining traction, gives the nail phalanx a bent position. (Fig. 1).

Fig.1. Subcutaneous injury to the extensor tendon of the 5th finger of the right hand at the level of the distal interphalangeal joint.

Nikitin Alexander Vladimirovich

Traumatologist-orthopedist “SM-Clinic”

“Different types of injuries require different treatment tactics. Open injuries require an urgent surgical operation, during which the tendon rupture is repaired.”

Treatment

The nail phalanx is fixed in the hyperextension position with a special needle so that the patient does not accidentally bend the finger and thereby damage the tendon suture. The finger is fixed with a needle and a plaster cast for up to 6 weeks. With subcutaneous damage to the tendon, you can do without surgery if you start acting already on the first day after the injury. The injured finger must be fixed with some kind of splint, giving the nail phalanx a hyperextension position for 6 weeks. A properly applied fixator can ensure tendon fusion in 50% of victims. (fig.2)

Fig.2. An example of finger splinting in case of damage to the extensor tendon.

An ordinary wooden spatula acts as a splint, on which the finger is fixed with a plaster. A gauze roller is placed under the nail phalanx to give it a position of hyperextension. If the fusion has taken place, then after removing the splint, the nail phalanx is held in the extension position and the patient needs to develop all the joints of the finger. If the nail phalanx still does not unbend, it is necessary to prepare for surgical intervention. The operation can be performed within 2 to 3 months after the injury, provided that the mobility of the nail phalanx is preserved.

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The surgical technique consists in cutting the skin over the damaged tendon, its oblique-longitudinal dissection, followed by suturing to shorten the damaged tendon. The nail phalanx is fixed with a needle and a plaster cast in the position of hyperextension of the nail phalanx for 6 weeks. After removing the pin, during rehabilitation treatment, the patient may be prescribed physiotherapy, therapeutic exercises and massage to restore movement in the finger joints as soon as possible.

Author of the article:
Nikitin Alexander Vladimirovich
operating traumatologist at the SM-Clinic

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Finger tendon rupture: surgery in Moscow

This is a closed injury to the extensor apparatus of the finger, most often at the level of the distal interphalangeal joint.

Most common tendon injury. The injury occurs as a result of a sharp unexpected flexion (impact) on the nail phalanx of the finger, in the distal interphalangeal joint. As a result, overstretching and rupture of the thin extensor tendon of the finger occurs. In some cases, there is a detachment of the bone fragment, to which the extensor tendon is attached. As a result, extension of the nail phalanx of the finger is impossible. The so-called “finger-hammer” is formed. In some cases, due to tendon degeneration, tendon rupture occurs with little effort.

Prices for treatment of extensor tendon rupture

Extensor tendon rupture

Anesthesia

90 049

Anesthesia for surgical treatment
Local anesthesia (the operation is performed under the supervision of an anesthesiologist)	10,000₽
Intravenous sedation (TVVA)	20,000 RUB
General anesthesia (KETN). The duration of the operation is from 2 to 8 hours.	40 000₽

Hospital stay

904 22 5 000₽

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After suture removal

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Subcutaneous rupture of the extensor tendon of the finger occupies a leading position among all hand injuries. The very moment of rupture may not be accompanied by severe pain. The tear of the tendon leads to the fact that the hand ceases to perform its function normally, and the finger acquires a hammer-like appearance. In some cases, the rupture occurs during a finger injury and is accompanied by a detachment of a fragment of the bone of the nail phalanx at the site of tendon attachment.

Seeking help from a hand reconstruction specialist in a timely manner makes it possible to restore the integrity of a damaged finger tendon in case of spontaneous rupture or injury due to injury. The Art Clinic performs surgical treatment of tendon rupture.

What can cause a tendon rupture in the hand

Often the cause of injury is a sharp blow or bending of the phalanx of the finger. The extensor tendon of the finger is overstretched and torn, sometimes with a fragment of bone. As a result of an injury to the phalanx, the finger takes on a hammer-like appearance. The finger stops flexing on its own.

Other causes of finger tendon rupture:

• tendon degenerative processes;
• ignoring safety regulations during manual work;
• excessive sports activities, short interval between workouts;
• unsuccessful falls, blows.

Rupture can occur both with a single impact on the hand, and after prolonged loads, several blows.

Symptoms of injury

A tendon rupture in the little finger, middle finger or other finger is not always immediately recognizable. In most cases, at the time of injury, a person hears a click, but does not feel severe pain. It is possible to suspect subcutaneous tendon rupture by characteristic symptoms:

• the finger does not extend on its own, but it can be straightened by using the other hand;
• edema appears at the site of injury;
• pain in the finger.

Pain is especially intense when a bone fragment is torn off.

Treatment at the Art Clinic

At the Art Clinic, the treatment of finger tendon rupture is performed by surgical methods. The operation does not require special preparation and long recovery. The reconstruction of the damaged tendon is performed under local anesthesia. The operation lasts up to 60 minutes, the patient’s stay in the clinic is from several hours to a day.

If an injury has occurred, the finger has become like a hammer, you should not hesitate to contact the Art Clinic for help. Call the specified phone number or leave a request on the website to find out the price of treatment in Moscow and sign up for an initial consultation.

More about the procedure

Symptoms of extensor tendon rupture

As a rule, an extensor injury is not accompanied by severe pain. Sometimes people notice only after a while that there is no active extension of the nail phalanx.

The finger can be painlessly extended with the other hand, but cannot be extended by itself. Swelling and soreness are possible, especially when a bone fragment is torn off.

Features of the operation

The priority method of treatment is the fixation of the nail phalanx with a needle for 5-6 weeks. The needle sinks under the skin and allows you to use your finger in everyday life. After removal of the pin within a few weeks, the movement in the joint is completely restored. This operation is most effective in the first week after the injury.

A more complex operation is required if:

• the bone fragment is torn off more than 30% of the width of the articular surface
• subluxation of the distal phalanx in the palmar side
• injury more than 3 weeks ago

In these cases, the torn tendon is sutured to the distal phalanx. If there is a fracture, the bone fragment is fixed with a pin. The nail phalanx is fixed in the position of moderate hyperextension with a needle passed through the joint so as not to tear the tendon suture.

Preparing for surgery

There are no special recommendations for preparing for surgery. On the day of surgery, do not eat or drink liquids in the morning. If you take medication regularly, take it with one sip of water.