How does Metamucil work. What are the benefits of taking Metamucil. Are there any side effects associated with Metamucil. How should Metamucil be taken properly. Can Metamucil help with cholesterol management. Is Metamucil safe for everyone to use. What precautions should be taken when using Metamucil.

Understanding Metamucil: A Powerful Fiber Supplement

Metamucil is a widely recognized brand name for a fiber supplement containing psyllium husk. This natural ingredient, derived from the seed husks of Plantago ovata, offers numerous health benefits. But what exactly makes Metamucil so effective, and how can it be incorporated into your daily routine?

The Science Behind Metamucil’s Effectiveness

Psyllium husk, the active ingredient in Metamucil, is a type of soluble fiber. When consumed, it absorbs water and swells, creating a gel-like substance in the digestive tract. This unique property is the key to Metamucil’s dual action in promoting digestive health and potentially lowering cholesterol levels.

• Digestive health: The bulk and moisture added to stools facilitate easier passage through the colon
• Cholesterol management: Psyllium traps bile acids in the gut, preventing their reabsorption and promoting their excretion

The Versatile Applications of Metamucil

While Metamucil is primarily known for its role in digestive health, its uses extend far beyond just relieving constipation. This versatile supplement offers a range of potential benefits that make it a valuable addition to many health regimens.

Primary Uses of Metamucil

• Relieving occasional constipation
• Improving bowel regularity
• Lowering cholesterol levels
• Supplementing dietary fiber intake

Emerging Applications

Research suggests that Metamucil may have additional health benefits, though these uses are not yet officially approved:

• Managing blood sugar levels in people with or at risk for type 2 diabetes
• Potentially aiding in the management of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

Is Metamucil effective for weight management? While not a primary use, the fiber in Metamucil can promote feelings of fullness, which may indirectly support weight management efforts when combined with a balanced diet and regular exercise.

Navigating the Potential Side Effects of Metamucil

As with any supplement, Metamucil can cause side effects in some individuals. Understanding these potential issues can help users make informed decisions and use the product safely.

Common Side Effects

• Abdominal cramps
• Bloating
• Changes in stool consistency

Can Metamucil cause severe constipation? Yes, if not taken with sufficient fluids, Metamucil can potentially lead to severe constipation, especially in dehydrated individuals. This underscores the importance of proper hydration when using fiber supplements.

Who Should Exercise Caution?

Certain groups should consult a healthcare professional before using Metamucil:

• People with nausea, vomiting, or abdominal pain
• Individuals with rectal bleeding
• Those with phenylketonuria
• People with difficulty swallowing
• Individuals on low-sodium diets or with uncontrolled high blood pressure

Is Metamucil safe for everyone? While generally safe for most adults, Metamucil is contraindicated in cases of fecal impaction or gastrointestinal obstruction. It’s also not recommended for children under six without medical supervision.

Maximizing the Benefits: Proper Usage of Metamucil

To reap the full benefits of Metamucil while minimizing potential side effects, it’s crucial to use the product correctly. Here are some essential tips for optimal use:

Dosage and Administration

• Always take Metamucil with a full glass of water
• Aim to drink at least six glasses of fluid daily while using Metamucil
• For powdered forms, mix thoroughly with water or juice before consuming
• Swallow capsules one at a time with adequate fluid

How quickly does Metamucil work? The effects of Metamucil can typically be felt within 12 to 72 hours of starting regular use. However, individual responses may vary.

Important Precautions

1. Avoid breathing in the powder when mixing to prevent respiratory irritation
2. Do not use Metamucil for more than seven consecutive days without medical advice
3. If symptoms worsen or fail to improve, consult a healthcare professional
4. Seek immediate medical attention if severe abdominal pain or rectal bleeding occurs

Metamucil and Cholesterol Management: A Natural Approach

One of the most intriguing benefits of Metamucil is its potential role in cholesterol management. This natural approach to heart health has garnered significant attention in recent years.

The Mechanism of Action

Metamucil’s cholesterol-lowering effect is primarily due to its ability to bind bile acids in the intestine. This process:

• Prevents the reabsorption of bile acids
• Forces the liver to use cholesterol to produce new bile acids
• Ultimately reduces the amount of cholesterol circulating in the bloodstream

How effective is Metamucil in lowering cholesterol? Studies have shown that regular use of psyllium fiber, as found in Metamucil, can lower LDL (“bad”) cholesterol by 5% to 10% when combined with a heart-healthy diet.

Incorporating Metamucil into a Heart-Healthy Lifestyle

For optimal cholesterol management, Metamucil should be part of a comprehensive approach:

• Consume a diet low in saturated fats and rich in vegetables, fruits, and whole grains
• Engage in regular physical activity
• Maintain a healthy weight
• Consider Metamucil as a supplement to these lifestyle changes, not a replacement for them

Exploring the Different Forms of Metamucil

Metamucil offers various formulations to suit different preferences and needs. Understanding these options can help users choose the most appropriate form for their lifestyle.

Available Forms of Metamucil

• Powders: The most versatile option, easily mixed with water or other beverages
• Capsules: Convenient for on-the-go use, but require more fluid intake
• Wafers: A solid form that can be chewed, suitable for those who prefer not to drink additional fluids
• Granules: Similar to powders but with a different texture, can be sprinkled on food

Which form of Metamucil is most effective? The effectiveness of Metamucil is generally consistent across all forms when used correctly. The choice often comes down to personal preference and convenience.

Considerations When Choosing a Form

1. Ease of use: Consider your daily routine and which form fits best
2. Flavor preferences: Powders come in various flavors, while capsules are tasteless
3. Additional ingredients: Some forms may contain sugar or artificial sweeteners
4. Dosage control: Powders allow for more precise dosage adjustments

Metamucil Beyond Digestive Health: Emerging Research

While primarily known for its digestive benefits, ongoing research suggests that Metamucil may have broader health applications. These potential benefits are exciting, though it’s important to note that more studies are needed to fully establish these effects.

Potential Benefits Under Investigation

• Blood Sugar Management: Some studies indicate that psyllium fiber may help regulate blood sugar levels in people with or at risk for type 2 diabetes
• Weight Management: The feeling of fullness provided by fiber may aid in appetite control
• Gut Microbiome Health: Fiber acts as a prebiotic, potentially supporting beneficial gut bacteria

Can Metamucil help with weight loss? While not directly causing weight loss, the fiber in Metamucil can contribute to feelings of fullness, potentially supporting weight management efforts when combined with a balanced diet and regular exercise.

The Importance of Ongoing Research

As scientists continue to explore the full potential of psyllium fiber, it’s crucial to:

1. Stay informed about new research findings
2. Consult healthcare professionals before using Metamucil for off-label purposes
3. Maintain realistic expectations about the supplement’s effects
4. Consider Metamucil as part of a holistic approach to health, not a magic solution

The growing body of research on Metamucil and psyllium fiber highlights the importance of dietary fiber in overall health. As our understanding of gut health and its connection to various aspects of wellness continues to evolve, supplements like Metamucil may play an increasingly significant role in preventive health strategies.

Addressing Common Concerns and Misconceptions About Metamucil

Despite its popularity, Metamucil is subject to various misconceptions. Addressing these concerns can help users make more informed decisions about incorporating this supplement into their health regimen.

Debunking Metamucil Myths

• Myth: Metamucil is only for older adults
  Reality: People of all ages can benefit from fiber supplementation
• Myth: Metamucil causes dependency
  Reality: When used as directed, Metamucil does not cause laxative dependency
• Myth: All fiber supplements are the same
  Reality: Metamucil’s psyllium husk has unique properties compared to other fibers

Does Metamucil interact with medications? Metamucil can potentially interact with certain medications by affecting their absorption. It’s crucial to consult a healthcare provider about potential interactions, especially if taking medications for diabetes, high cholesterol, or thyroid conditions.

Important Considerations for Safe Use

1. Timing: Take Metamucil at least 2 hours before or after other medications
2. Allergies: Be aware of potential allergic reactions, especially if sensitive to psyllium
3. Pregnancy and breastfeeding: Consult a healthcare provider before use
4. Pre-existing conditions: Discuss with a doctor if you have digestive disorders or other health concerns

By addressing these common concerns and misconceptions, users can approach Metamucil supplementation with greater confidence and understanding. As with any dietary supplement, it’s essential to use Metamucil as part of a balanced approach to health and wellness, always in consultation with healthcare professionals when necessary.

The versatility and potential benefits of Metamucil make it a valuable tool in many health regimens. From digestive health to cholesterol management and beyond, this fiber supplement offers a natural approach to supporting overall wellness. By understanding its proper use, potential side effects, and emerging research, individuals can make informed decisions about incorporating Metamucil into their daily routines. As always, it’s crucial to consult with healthcare professionals for personalized advice, especially when managing specific health conditions or taking other medications.

Metamucil: 7 things you should know

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Medically reviewed by Carmen Fookes, BPharm. Last updated on July 15, 2022.

1. How it works

• Metamucil is a brand (trade) name for a powdered form of psyllium husk, which is a type of soluble fiber derived from the seed husks of Plantago ovata, a type of plant. Metamucil may be given to relieve constipation or to lower cholesterol.
• The active ingredient in Metamucil, psyllium husk, absorbs and holds water, which causes it to swell and add bulk and moisture to hardened stools, allowing them to slide though the colon easily. This relieves constipation. Metamucil lowers cholesterol by trapping bile acid in the gut, which instead of being reabsorbed, is removed in the body’s waste.
• Metamucil belongs to the class of medicines known as laxatives. It may also be called a fiber, a bulk-forming laxative, or ispaghula. Psyllium may also be called Plantago seed, plantain seed, psyllium husk, or psyllium hydrophilic mucilloid.

2. Upsides

• May help relieve occasional constipation.
• Can improve bowel irregularity.
• Has cholesterol-lowering properties particularly when given in addition to a diet low in cholesterol and saturated fat and may be used to reduce the risk of coronary heart disease.
• May be used as a dietary fiber supplement.
• May be used for other, unapproved, indications, such as reducing blood sugar levels and HbA1c levels in people with, or at risk for, type 2 diabetes, and to help manage irritable bowel syndrome.
• Available as granules, powder, wafers, and capsules.
• Many different brands of psyllium fiber are available.

3. Downsides

If you are between the ages of 18 and 60, take no other medication or have no other medical conditions, side effects you are more likely to experience include:

• Common side effects include abdominal cramps, bloating, and changes in stool consistency. May aggravate hemorrhoids or anal fissures.
• If the daily recommended amount of fluid is not drunk, then Metamucil could cause severe constipation, especially in people who are already dehydrated.
• Some products may contain sugar, sodium, or phenylalanine (phenylketonurics should avoid). People on a low-salt diet or with uncontrolled high blood pressure may need to check with their doctor before using.
• May not be suitable for people with nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, rectal bleeding, phenylketonuria, or difficulty swallowing.
• Contraindicated in people with fecal impaction or gastrointestinal obstruction (bowel blockage).
• Some people are allergic to psyllium, and Metamucil should be stopped and emergency treatment sought if hives, difficulty breathing, or facial swelling occurs.
• Not suitable for children younger than six.

Note: In general, seniors or children, people with certain medical conditions (such as liver or kidney problems, heart disease, diabetes, seizures) or people who take other medications are more at risk of developing a wider range of side effects. View complete list of side effects

• Metamucil is a fiber supplement that may be used to treat constipation, improve stool consistency, and lower cholesterol. When used to treat constipation, adequate daily fluid intake is vital to ensure its effectiveness.

5. Tips

• A good way of adding fiber to your diet, but should be taken in addition to a healthy, mainly vegetable-based diet, together with exercise, and weight control. Take with a full glass of water.
• If you are taking Metamucil as a way to help lower your cholesterol, avoid eating foods that are high in fat or cholesterol.
• If you are taking Metamucil for irritable bowel syndrome, mix the powder with food (preferably yogurt). Less fluid may need to be drunk daily if you are using it for this indication.
• Make sure you take Metamucil with a full glass of water, otherwise it can swell in your throat and cause choking. Ensure you drink at least six glasses of fluid each day while taking Metamucil.
• Swallow Metamucil capsules whole one at a time.
• May be taken with or without food.
• Mix Metamucil powder with at least 8 ounces of water or fruit juice before drinking straight away. Do not swallow the dry powder. Avoid breathing in the powder when mixing as this may cause a runny nose, watery eyes, and wheezing.
• Call your doctor immediately if you start bleeding from your rectum, develop severe stomach pain, experience bloating after taking Metamucil, or have any other worrying side effects.
• Do not take Metamucil for more than seven days in a row without a doctor’s advice. Laxatives can be habit-forming if they are taken too much or for too long. If you find Metamucil is not working for you, call your doctor for advice. Also, call your doctor if your symptoms worsen or do not improve.
• Talk to your doctor or pharmacist before taking if you have had a sudden change in bowel habits in the past two weeks or if you are pregnant or breastfeeding.
• Do not give Metamucil to children younger than six years unless on a doctor’s advice.
• Keep your Metamucil in a cool, dry, place, away from moisture and heat.

6. Response and effectiveness

• A bowel movement can be expected within 12 to 72 hours of taking Metamucil.

7. Interactions

There are few significant interactions with Metamucil. Medications that may interact with Metamucil include:

• lactulose
• the radiopharmaceutical, fludeoxyglucose (18F).

Metamucil may also affect the absorption of other medications and some vitamins and minerals, as a result of medication being detained in the fiber mass in the intestines and then excreted. Taking medications or vitamins and minerals at least two hours before or two hours after Metamucil can prevent this from happening.

Note that this list is not all-inclusive and includes only common medications that may interact with folic acid. You should refer to the prescribing information for folic acid for a complete list of interactions.

More about Metamucil (psyllium)

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Related treatment guides

• Irritable Bowel Syndrome
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References

• Metamucil. 12/2021. Cerner Multum. https://www.drugs.com/mtm/metamucil.html

Further information

Remember, keep this and all other medicines out of the reach of children, never share your medicines with others, and use Metamucil only for the indication prescribed.

Always consult your healthcare provider to ensure the information displayed on this page applies to your personal circumstances.

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Intestinal obstruction caused by a laxative drug (Psyllium): A case report and review of the literature

• Journal List
• Int J Surg Case Rep
• v.52; 2018
• PMC6197948

As a library, NLM provides access to scientific literature. Inclusion in an NLM database does not imply endorsement of, or agreement with,
the contents by NLM or the National Institutes of Health.

Learn more about our disclaimer.

Int J Surg Case Rep. 2018; 52: 59–62.

Published online 2018 Oct 8. doi: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2018.10.001

,^a,⁎,^b,^c and ^d

Author information Article notes Copyright and License information Disclaimer

Introduction

Psyllium in granular dosage form is used as an over – the counter safe laxative drug. It has a considerable hygroscopic propriety which allows it to retain water and expands rapidly to become many times of its original size.

Presentation of the case

21-year-old man presented to the Emergency Department complaining of lower abdominal pain and constipation for five days. He was discharged home on Psyllium for treatment of the constipation. Two days later, he returned to the Emergency Department complaining of increased abdominal distension without passing any stools. The patient was diagnosed to have an incomplete intestinal obstruction resulting from ingesting Psyllium husks without adequate amount of fluids. The patient was treated conservatively.

Discussion

Psyllium has a reputation of being safe and effective medication for patients suffering from chronic constipation, especially in elderly. The patient who ingested Psyllium husks as a herbal medication did not receive adequate amount of fluids. Consequently, he developed intestinal obstruction.

Similar cases have been reported in the English literature including cases of esophageal obstruction in elderly patients and following gastric banding operations. Furthermore, Psyllium administration with oral contrast in computed tomography enterography may precipitate bowel obstruction in the presence of organic obstruction or post-operative ileus.

Conclusion

Psyllium can worsen the constipation if not taken appropriately. It is important to instruct patients who are receiving psyllium ingredients to drink a good amount of fluids to avoid the development of bowel obstruction especially in long-term use of such laxatives.

Keywords: Case report, Constipation, Gastrointestinal tract, Laxatives, Psyllium

Psyllium seed husks (also known as Ispaghula or psyllium) are natural derivatives from the Plantago ovata plant [^1,2]. Psyllium husks are indigestible and 65% of their constituents are insoluble polysaccharides with a powerful ability to form a gel in water [²]. They have also a considerable hygroscopic propriety which allows for the original material to retain water and expand rapidly to many times its original size [³]. Because of these properties, Psyllium husks have become an increasingly popular food supplement used to help in weight reduction (by producing feeling of fullness and satiety) and promote natural bowel movement (by increasing the bulk of the stool) [⁴].

Psyllium in granular dosage form is used as an over – the counter safe laxative drug. It is known for having a marked bulking effect on the stools and it should be swallowed with adequate amount of fluids [^5,6]. Psyllium is used also in the treatment of fecal incontinence (because of its ability to retain water), hemorrhoids, ulcerative colitis, and hyperlipidemia [²].

Psyllium granular form is generally safe, yet, it has been reported that administration of the drug without adequate fluids intake can result in esophageal obstruction especially in elderly people [^{[7], [8], [9]}]. Mechanical obstruction can also occur in predisposed groups of patients as those with congenital intestinal anomalies, paralytic ileus, and in patients after gastric bandage operations [⁵].

Herein, we report a case of incomplete intestinal obstruction in a young man due to ingestion of Psyllium husks and we reviewed the English literature on this important topic. The Ethical Committee at our institution has approved this research project. The approval reference is ARH/REC091.

The presented article has been reported in line with the SCARE criteria [¹⁰].

21-year-old man presented to the Emergency Department complaining of a lower abdominal pain and constipation for 5 days. He had neither a history of chronic medical illness nor abdominal operations. His vital signs were normal, and the abdomen was mildly distended. X-ray of the abdomen was normal. The patient was diagnosed to have a constipation and was discharged home on Psyllium (ispaghula husk) sachets 7 g twice daily as a laxative. Two days later, the condition of the patient became worse and he returned to the Emergency Department complaining of increased abdominal distension without passing any stools, yet, he was passing flatus. On examination, the vital signs were normal. His abdomen was markedly distended but soft and lax. The intestinal sounds were audible. P/R examination was normal with soft fecal matter. Repeated abdominal X-ray showed a huge fecal loading filling the whole colon with no gas fluid levels ().

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Plain erect abdominal X-ray showing huge fecal loading of the whole colon.

Computed tomography (CT) scan of the abdomen with oral contrast has shown marked dilatation of the whole colon () especially the sigmoid colon which was markedly distended and filled with gas and fecal matter (). The patient was diagnosed to have an incomplete intestinal obstruction and was admitted to the surgical department for further management. During his stay in the hospital, the patient admitted that prior to the onset of the constipation he had ingested psyllium husks as herbal medicine for the purpose of weight control and health promotion. He ingested the husks without adequate amount of fluids because he was fasting in Ramadan (during fasting hours, no eating or drinking fluids are allowed). While in the hospital, the patient received repeated enemas. He passed a huge amount of fecal matter and the intestinal obstruction was relieved. The patient was discharged home two days later without any operative intervention.

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Axial CT scan of the abdomen showing distended colon (arrow) and compressed stomach (arrow head) by extrinsic compression of the colon.

Open in a separate window

CT scan sagittal view showing a distended sigmoid colon (arrow) and a compressed bowel loops (arrow head).

Psyllium has a reputation of being a safe and effective form of medication. It is widely used in patients suffering from chronic constipation especially in elderly. The drug should be administered with large amount of fluids. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) considered the use of Psyllium as a laxative in granular form is not generally recognized as safe due to reports of esophageal obstruction related to its usage [⁷].

Our patient who ingested Psyllium husks as a herbal medication did not drink the required amount of fluids because he was fasting. When he attended the Emergency Department for the first time, again, he received Psyllium sachets as a treatment for the constipation. Consequently, the patient developed incomplete bowel obstruction. Fecal impaction was a far possibility as the patient was a young adult, with no history of chronic constipation, and P/R examination has shown absence of hard fecal matter. Repeated enemas helped in evacuation of the stool and relieve the obstruction.

Intestinal obstruction can result from Psyllium usage in patients who are habitually drinking very little water or other fluids.

Fisher [⁸] reported a case of esophageal obstruction in 74-year- old lady following psyllium seed ingestion. He stated that “Psyllium seeds and similar bulk producers are dangerous substances, especially in elder people”. Since then, many reports have supported this opinion. Geriatric patients with chronic constipation are receiving Psyllium and other colloid laxatives for treatment, yet, they may not drink adequate amount of fluids during the treatment which can result in esophageal obstruction [^{[11], [12], [13], [14], [15]}].

Florian et al. [⁵] reported a case of bolus obstruction of the esophagus due to Psyllium usage after gastric banding operations. Restriction of liquid intake around the meals was advised in gastric banding operations to avoid a rapid passage of food through the Lap-Band which resulted in esophageal obstruction in the patient [⁵].

Psyllium and other hydrophilic colloid laxatives administration may be very risky in the presence of organic obstruction or in the post-operative ileus. The drug increases gut distension due to progressive swelling of colloid bolus. When distension reaches a certain critical level, the bowel is unable to pass the bolus which may precipitate intestinal obstruction and spontaneous rupture of the bowel [^1,16].

Psyllium preparations can form Pharmacobezoar (tightly packed mass) that most often occur, as do bezoars of any other type, whenever there is altered motility or abnormal anatomy of the gastrointestinal tract [^3,17,18]. Agha et al. [¹⁹] have reported a case of massive bezoar in the right colon due to Psyllium seed husks causing complete gastric outlet obstruction by extrinsic compression.

Recently, Psyllium has been used in the oral contrast of computed tomography enterography (CTE) and magnetic resonance enterography (MRE) to allow adequate distension of the bowel which increases the diagnostic accuracy of the CTE and MRE. This was mainly due to the fact that, Psyllium is inexpensive, easy to prepare, and well-tolerated by the patients. Chen et al. [²⁰] presented four cases who developed a small bowel obstruction following the usage of Psyllium as an oral contrast in CTE and MRE. Only one of them needed operative intervention while the other three were treated conservatively. The authors concluded that, the presence of small bowel strictures is a risk factor for obstruction following the usage of Psyllium in the oral contrast [²⁰].

Most of the cases with bowel obstruction caused by pharmacobezoar were diagnosed and treated by gastrointestinal tract endoscopy [⁵]. Conservative therapy may relieve the obstruction with colloid bolus, though, some cases needed surgical intervention to relieve the obstruction and manage complications such as bowel perforation [¹].

Psyllium can worsen the constipation if not taken appropriately. It is important to instruct patients who are receiving psyllium ingredients to drink a good amount of fluids to avoid the development of bowel obstruction especially in long-term use of such laxatives. It is advisable to avoid colloid laxative treatment in presence of paralytic ileus. Radiologists should be aware of the potential complications of using oral contrast material containing Psyllium especially when organic bowel obstruction is suspected.

There is no conflict of interest among all the authors.

Self-funded.

The Ethical Committee at our institution has approved this research project. The approval reference is ARH/REC091.

Written informed consent was obtained from the patient for publication of this case report and accompanying images. A copy of the written consent is available for review by the Editor-in-Chief of this journal on request.

Hefny A: study concept, data collection, interpretation, writing the first draft, editing the paper, and approved the final version.

Adel Z Ayad: study concept, interpretation, editing the paper, and approved the final version.

Nikolay Matev: study concept, interpretation, editing the paper, and approved the final version.

Masoud O Bashir: study concept, interpretation, editing the paper, and approved the final version.

All the authors are responsible for the article.

Not commissioned, externally peer reviewed.

^☆This paper was presented as a poster in the 19th European Congress of Trauma and Emergency Surgery (Valencia, Spain. May 2018).

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Articles from International Journal of Surgery Case Reports are provided here courtesy of Elsevier

Irritable bowel syndrome: causes, symptoms and diagnosis, treatment

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is the most common gastrointestinal disorder in clinical practice.

This condition is characterized by:

• abdominal pain or discomfort;
• change in stool frequency or consistency;
• bloating;
• feeling of incomplete emptying and passage of mucus.

It can range in severity from a minor, infrequent disorder in some to a disabling disorder in others. While IBS is by no means a life-threatening condition, it can be of great concern to some people and also poses a significant challenge to the doctors involved in treating these people.

IBS is a worldwide disease with a community prevalence of about 20%. Most patients with symptoms of IBS (60 to 75%) do not seek medical attention. IBS is more common in women, with a female to male ratio of 2:1. IBS is most common in the 20 to 40 age group. Symptoms begin before age 35 in 50% of patients, and 40% of patients are between 35 and 50 years of age. IBS is not uncommon in children, and many patients can trace the onset of symptoms as early as childhood. Onset in the elderly is rare, and it is important to rule out more serious conditions in this age group.

Causes of IBS:

The cause of IBS is unknown. Structural, biochemical or infectious etiology was not found. Genetic, hormonal, dietary, infectious, and psychosocial factors have been considered, but none have been proven to be the underlying cause. However, some of these factors can influence symptoms in people with IBS. Some foods, such as legumes, are known to be poorly tolerated by IBS patients. Gastrointestinal symptoms, including abdominal pain, nausea, and diarrhea, have been shown to be more common during menstruation in women with IBS. Psychosocial factors play an important role in the development of IBS.

As mentioned earlier, the vast majority of IBS patients do not see a doctor. It has been proven that patients who do not seek medical help are not psychologically different from healthy people. Thus, although psychosocial factors do not cause IBS symptoms, they may influence patients’ responses. It is not clear whether those who seek medical attention actually have more severe symptoms, or if they do so because of their psychological impairments that affect how they feel pain, or if they experience similar symptoms but report them as more severe. It is not uncommon for ongoing IBS symptoms to begin after a gastrointestinal infection, such as after contracting traveler’s diarrhea. Although the infection clears up either spontaneously or with treatment, the person experiences chronic IBS symptoms afterwards.

Structural defects thought to be responsible for IBS symptoms are not well established. First, IBS is thought to be the result of abnormal contractions (motility) of the colon. Cramps in the colon cause abdominal pain, diarrhea, or constipation. Second, the intestines of people with IBS are thought to be hypersensitive to normal bowel events, such as spasm and distension. These people experience abdominal pain and bloating when the level of colonic contractions is normal. It is well known that air insufflation causes abdominal pain in IBS patients in amounts not normally painful in healthy individuals. It is not known whether this is the result of fundamental defects in the nerve cells of the gut wall or whether the underlying problem is the brain’s altered perception of pain.

It was previously thought that dysmotility and hypersensitivity to pain were limited to the colon. In fact, IBS is a disorder that affects most of the gastrointestinal tract. For example, involvement of the esophagus is not uncommon and can lead to non-cardiac chest pain, burning in the heart, difficulty swallowing (dysphagia), and sensation of a lump in the throat. Abnormal contractions have also been recorded in the stomach, small intestine, and gallbladder; the latter results in symptoms similar to gallstone pain. There is also a higher incidence of gynecological and urological symptoms in patients with IBS. These include increased frequency of urination, dysuria (pain when urinating), dyspareunia (pain during intercourse), and suppressed sexual desire. These people also have other symptoms such as fatigue and lethargy.

Symptoms and diagnosis of IBS:

The diagnosis of IBS is based on a thorough and detailed history to identify characteristic symptoms that, on the one hand, identify IBS, and on the other hand, rule out conditions that mimic it. As a rule, selective laboratory tests and sigmoidoscopy (examination of the lower intestine) are also performed. Some people will need additional testing (such as a colonoscopy) to rule out other disorders.

History should include a detailed history of abdominal pain and its association with food and defecation. The frequency, consistency, and volume of stools should be carefully described. Associated symptoms such as flatulence, bloating, and gastroesophageal reflux should be looked for. A careful dietary history is important, including consumption of caffeinated beverages or foods sweetened with fructose or sorbitol, which can cause diarrhea, bloating, or cramps. It is important that psychosocial factors are specifically addressed, including the reason for the consultation (eg fear of cancer).

In patients with advanced IBS, constipation may last for many days or weeks, punctuated by brief episodes of diarrhea. Constipation, which is episodic at first, can become permanent over time and increasingly difficult to resolve with laxatives and then with enemas. The stool is usually hard and is described as granular or small hard balls. On the other hand, the stool can be thin (pencil-thin or ribbon-like).

Pain may increase with the duration and severity of constipation. In about half of patients, successful defecation results in pain relief, but there is often a feeling of incomplete emptying leading to repeated defecation attempts with minimal or no success. Several hours may be devoted to this process before some relief is achieved.

Diarrhea associated with IBS usually consists of small amounts of loose stools. Emptying is often preceded by extreme urgency, usually in the morning or after a meal. Initial stools may be normal in consistency, then quickly give way to softer, shapeless stools, and then increasingly loose stools. Abdominal pain prior to a bowel movement is usually relieved after a bowel movement, although sometimes not for long. Diarrhea after eating is another feature of IBS. The stool in people with diarrhea is described as loose, mushy, or watery.

Pain has been variously described as vague, dull, aching, knife-like, sharp, burning, uncomfortable, or constant. Acute episodes of severe, sharp, knife-like pain may be superimposed on constant or intermittent dull aching pain. The pain is more often localized in the left lower abdomen than anywhere else, and more often in the lower abdomen than in the upper abdomen. Pain occurs more often in several sites than in one site. Rectal pain may be present and range from mildly irritating to extremely bothersome. The pain is often aggravated by eating and relieved by defecation. The pain rarely awakens the patient from sleep.

Bloating is a common complaint in IBS, and belching is also common. Mucus in the stool is often seen in IBS and may be clear or whitish.

Physical examination in patients with IBS is usually unremarkable. Abdominal tenderness may occur, often in the left lower abdomen. The doctor should pay attention to possible psychological disorders. In addition, one should look for “alarming” symptoms that point to more serious illnesses. These include a steady progressive course of the disease, frequent awakening due to symptoms, fever, weight loss, and rectal bleeding.

All patients with IBS should undergo several basic tests. These include a complete blood count, ESR, fecal occult blood testing, and sigmoidoscopy. In addition, special tests may be required to rule out disorders such as parasitic infection, inflammatory bowel disease, and lactose intolerance.

Conditions that are similar to IBS include lactose intolerance, laxative abuse, gallbladder disease, inflammatory bowel disease, parasitic infections (such as giardia or amoebiasis), diverticular disease, and more importantly, colon cancer, especially in the elderly. patients. Side effects of medications should always be kept in mind as a possible cause of IBS-like symptoms. The use of “over-the-counter” drugs, which some patients may not feel the need to mention, should also be explored.

Treatment of irritable bowel syndrome:

The diagnosis of IBS portends a long relationship between doctor and patient. It is very important that a positive relationship be established between doctor and patient from the very beginning. A positive outcome is most likely when the clinician is impartial, sets realistic expectations and consistent limits, encourages the patient’s understanding of the illness, and involves the patient in treatment decisions. The patient must be confident in the benign nature of the disease and an excellent long-term prognosis. It should be emphasized that while there is no cure for IBS, there are steps that both doctor and patient can take to improve symptoms.

Initial recommendations tend to focus on dietary changes. These include avoiding dairy products, food drinks or medicines containing fructose or sorbitol, caffeine or gas-producing foods. Many IBS patients believe that their symptoms are caused by certain foods and can often unnecessarily restrict what they eat.

Fiber supplements are often recommended regardless of the complaint, but are especially helpful if constipation is the predominant symptom. Natural fiber foods, including wheat bran, whole grain and mixed breads, cereals, cottage cheese, muesli and other cereals, vegetables and raw fruits, are inexpensive, but a significant number of patients complain that a high-fiber diet exacerbates symptoms, especially bloating. Some substances, such as psyllium compounds, tend to produce less gas and are preferred in the treatment of IBS. Because these substances absorb water, they prevent excessive dehydration of the stool and can be effective for both constipation and diarrhea. These substances should be taken with meals so that they become part of the stool as it forms. Patients are advised to eat slowly, not chew gum or drink carbonated drinks, and avoid artificial sweeteners such as sorbitol and fructose.

While some patients will improve with the simple steps above, others will require additional medication to manage their symptoms. There is no single drug that will benefit all patients with this disorder. Therefore, management will be very individual.
Because pain is often the main symptom of IBS, antispasmodics such as Kolofak, Buscopan, and Merbentil are often used. They reduce abdominal cramps and, to a lesser extent, bloating. Antidiarrheals (Lomotil, Imodium and similar drugs) are used when diarrhea is a prominent symptom.

Antidepressants are also very helpful in treating IBS. In addition to their obvious benefits for those with underlying anxiety and depression, they also reduce intestinal spasm and are known to increase pain threshold.

A high-fiber diet and medications such as Metamucil are helpful for patients with CP-dominant IBS. Intermittent use of drugs such as lactulose, senecod and coloxyl may be required. Care must be taken to ensure that the patient does not become dependent on laxatives. Because IBS is a chronic condition, habit-forming drugs such as codeine-containing compounds should be avoided for fear of the patient becoming addicted.

Psychotherapy is indicated as a treatment for patients with comorbid psychiatric illness and for patients who have not responded to the measures described above. In one study where patients underwent psychotherapy, it was shown that those who received this treatment were much better at conventional medical treatment. In addition, patients treated with psychotherapy experienced a significant reduction in the need for medical advice and evaluation.

Drugs are currently being tested that relieve bloating, increase tolerance to colonic bloat, and reduce rectal tenderness. The first results look promising.

Although IBS can be a disabling condition, the long-term prognosis is very good. This condition does not lead to more serious bowel disease such as inflammatory bowel disease or bowel cancer.

Terminals

IBS is a rather paradoxical disorder. Although, on the one hand, it may be an ongoing chronic disabling condition, on the other hand, it has an excellent prognosis.

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19 natural laxatives for constipation

• Basics
• Types
• List natural laxatives
• Risks and warnings

What are laxatives and how do they work?

Laxatives can have a powerful effect on digestive health by helping relieve constipation and promoting regular bowel movements. They are often used to treat constipation, a condition characterized by infrequent, difficult, and sometimes painful bowel movements.

Many natural laxatives available can be as effective as over-the-counter ones in preventing constipation.

Types of laxatives

Some types of laxatives work differently. The main classes of laxatives are:

• Bulking laxatives. They move through the body undigested, absorbing water and swelling to form stool. Commercial options for bulking laxatives include Metamucil and Citrucel, which are available in powder and capsule form.
• Laxative. They increase the amount of water absorbed by the stool, making it softer and easier to pass. Stool softeners include docusate sodium and docusate calcium. They are available in tablet or tablet form.
• Lubricating laxatives. They coat the surface of the stool and the intestinal mucosa to retain moisture, making the stool softer and easier to pass. Mineral oil is an example of a lubricating laxative available in liquid or enema form.
• Osmotic laxatives. They help the colon retain more water, increasing the frequency of bowel movements. Examples of osmotic laxatives include milk of magnesia and glycerin. They are available as a liquid, capsule, enema, or suppository.
• Saline laxatives. They draw water into the small intestine to stimulate bowel movements. Magnesium citrate is a type of saline laxative. Available in tablet form.
• Stimulant laxatives. They speed up the digestive system, causing bowel movements. Stimulant laxatives are available as tablets, pills, powders, chewables, liquids, and suppositories under brand names such as Ex-Lax, Senokot, and Dulcolax.

Over-the-counter laxatives start working within hours or may take days to fully work.

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While over-the-counter laxatives can be very helpful in relieving constipation, taking them too often can cause electrolyte imbalances and changes in salts and minerals in the body.

If you want regularity, try adding some natural laxatives to your daily routine. They can be a safe and inexpensive alternative to over-the-counter products and have minimal side effects.

List of 19 natural laxatives

1. Chia seeds

Fiber is a natural remedy and one of the first lines of defense against constipation.

It moves through the intestines undigested, increasing stool volume and promoting regularity.

Studies show that increasing fiber intake can increase stool frequency and soften stools to make them easier to pass.

Chia seeds are particularly high in fiber, with just 1 ounce (28.4 grams) of 9.8 grams.).

They contain mostly insoluble fiber, but about 7-15% of the total fiber content is soluble fiber.

Soluble fiber absorbs water to form a gel that can help make stools softer and relieve constipation.

2. Berries

Most berries are relatively high in fiber, making them an excellent choice as a mild natural laxative.

Strawberries have 1.8 grams of fiber per 3/4 cup (100 grams), blueberries provide 3. 6 grams of fiber per cup (150 grams), and blackberries boast just under 8 grams of fiber per cup (150 grams).) .

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The USDA recommends eating 14 grams of dietary fiber for every 1,000 calories.

According to these guidelines, a person on a 2000 calorie diet would eat 28 grams of fiber each day.

Berries contain two types of fiber: soluble and insoluble.

Soluble fiber, such as in chia seeds, absorbs water in the intestines to form a gel-like substance that helps soften stools.

Insoluble fiber does not absorb water, but moves through the body unchanged, increasing the bulk of the stool for easier passage.

Incorporating several varieties of berries into your diet is one way to increase your fiber intake and take advantage of their natural laxative properties.

3. Legumes

Legumes are a family of edible plants that includes beans, chickpeas, lentils, peas and peanuts.

Legumes are rich in fibre, which encourages regular consumption.

For example, 1 cup (180 grams) of cooked lentils has 14.2 grams of fiber, and 1 cup (180 grams) of chickpeas has 13.7 grams of fiber.

Eating legumes can help increase your body’s production of butyric acid, a type of short chain fatty acid that can act as a natural laxative.

Research shows that butyric acid can help treat constipation by increasing the mobility of the digestive tract.

It also acts as an anti-inflammatory agent to reduce intestinal inflammation, which may be associated with certain digestive disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease.

4. Flax Seeds

With their omega-3 fatty acids and high protein content, flaxseeds are rich in many nutrients that make them a useful addition to most diets.

In addition, flax seeds have natural laxative properties and are an effective remedy for both constipation and diarrhea.

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One study of 90 people found that flaxseed meal was slightly more effective than lactulose in relieving constipation.

Flaxseeds contain a good combination of soluble and insoluble fiber, which helps reduce intestinal transit time and increases stool volume.

A 3/4 cup serving of flax seeds (100 grams) provides 27.3 grams of dietary fiber.

However, a typical serving of flaxseed is 1 tablespoon.

5. Kefir

Kefir is a fermented milk product.

It contains probiotics, a type of beneficial gut bacteria that has many health benefits, including improved immune function and digestive health.

Taking probiotics with food or supplements can increase regularity by improving stool consistency and speeding up bowel movements.

A 2014 study examined the effects of kefir on 20 constipated people.

After consuming 17 oz. (500 ml) per day for 4 weeks, they had increased stool frequency, improved consistency, and decreased use of laxatives.

6. Castor oil.

Castor oil, derived from castor beans, has long been used as a natural laxative.

After consumption of castor oil, it releases ricinoleic acid, a type of unsaturated fatty acid responsible for its laxative effect.

Ricinoleic acid works by activating a specific receptor in the digestive tract that increases bowel muscle movement, causing a bowel movement.

7. Leafy greens

Leafy greens like spinach, kale and kale work in different ways to improve regularity and prevent constipation.

First, they are very nutrient dense, which means they provide good amounts of vitamins, minerals, and fiber for relatively few calories.

For example, each cup (25 grams) of raw cabbage contains 1 gram of fiber, which helps increase regularity, and only contains about 9 calories.

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Leafy greens are also rich in magnesium. It is the main ingredient in many laxatives, as it helps draw water into the intestines to make stools easier.

8. Senna

Senna, derived from the plant Senna alexandrina, is often used as a natural stimulant laxative.

Senna is found in many common OTC products, including Ex-Lax, Senna-Lax, and Senokot.

The effect of senna on constipation is due to the content of sennoside in the plant.

Sennosides are compounds that speed up the digestive system and stimulate bowel movements. They also increase the absorption of fluid in the colon to promote stool passing.

9. Apples

Apples are high in fiber, providing 3 grams of fiber per cup (125 grams).

They are also full of pectin, a type of soluble fiber that can act as a laxative.

One 2014 study found that pectin speeds up transit in the colon. It also acts as a prebiotic, increasing the beneficial bacteria in the gut, which promotes a healthy digestive system.

10. Olive oil.

Some studies have shown that drinking olive oil can be an effective way to relieve constipation.

Studies have shown that olive oil promotes bowel movements and improves symptoms of constipation.

11.

Rhubarb

Rhubarb contains a compound known as sennoside A, which has strong laxative properties.

Sennoside A reduces levels of AQP3, a type of protein that regulates stool water content.

This results in a laxative effect by increasing water absorption, softening stools and facilitating bowel movements.

Rhubarb also contains a good amount of fiber that promotes regularity: 2.2 grams of fiber per cup (122 grams).

12. Oat Bran

Oat bran, made from the outer layers of oat grains, contains both soluble and insoluble fiber, making it a good choice as a natural laxative.

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Total 1 cup (94 grams) of raw oat bran contains a whopping 14.5 grams of fiber.

13. Prunes

Prunes are probably one of the best known natural laxatives.

They are high in fiber: 7.7 grams per 1 cup (248 grams). They also contain a sugar alcohol known as sorbitol.

Sorbitol acts as a laxative when taken in large quantities.

Several studies have shown that prunes can increase stool frequency and improve consistency better than other natural laxatives, including psyllium fiber.

14. Kiwi

Kiwi has been shown to have laxative properties, making it a convenient way to relieve constipation.

This is mainly due to the high fiber content. One cup (180 grams) of kiwi contains 5.4 grams of fiber.

Kiwi contains a mixture of insoluble and soluble fibers. It also contains pectin, which has a natural laxative effect.

It works by increasing the movement of the digestive tract to stimulate bowel movements.

15. Magnesium citrate.

Magnesium citrate is a powerful natural laxative.

Magnesium citrate is more bioavailable and better absorbed by the body than other forms of magnesium such as magnesium oxide.

Magnesium citrate increases the amount of water in the intestinal tract, which causes bowel movements.

When combined with other laxatives, magnesium citrate is as effective as traditional colon cleansing regimens used before medical procedures.

16. Coffee

For some people, coffee can increase the desire to go to the toilet. Coffee contains caffeine, which can affect the amount of time it takes for substances to pass through the digestive tract, although the evidence is inconclusive.

Brewed coffee contains no dietary fiber, but it does contain other ingredients that may help with constipation. One cup (248 grams) of brewed coffee contains 247 grams of water and just under 10 mg of magnesium.

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17. Psyllium

Psyllium, obtained from the husk and seeds of the plant Plantago ovata, is a fiber with laxative properties.

Psyllium husk is indigestible, but contains a lot of water, so it acts as a stool filler.

Although psyllium is generally safe, it can cause intestinal obstruction if not taken in large amounts of fluids.

18. Water

Water is essential for maintaining hydration, regular body care and preventing constipation.

Research shows that dehydration helps relieve constipation by improving stool consistency and making it easier to pass.

It may also enhance the effects of other natural laxatives such as fiber.

Getting enough water every day is important for overall health.

19. Sugar substitutes.

Excess consumption of certain types of sugar substitutes may have a laxative effect.

This is because they pass through the intestines largely unabsorbed, drawing water into the intestines and speeding up its passage through the intestines.

This process is especially relevant for sugar alcohols, which are poorly absorbed in the digestive tract.

Lactitol, a type of sugar alcohol derived from milk sugar, has been investigated for its potential use in the treatment of chronic constipation.

Some case studies have even linked excessive consumption of sugar-free gum containing sorbitol, another type of sugar alcohol, to diarrhea.

Xylitol is another common sugar alcohol that acts as a laxative.

It is usually found in small amounts in diet drinks and sugar-free chewing gums. However, if you consume it in large amounts, it may cause bowel movements or cause diarrhea.

A large amount of the sugar alcohol, erythritol, can also have a laxative effect in the same way, by stimulating bowel movements by bringing large amounts of water into the intestines.

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Risks and precautions when using natural laxatives

Some natural laxatives may have negative side effects or carry risks. Talk to your doctor about these before taking a natural laxative.

For example, long-term use of senna in high doses is associated with toxic effects on the liver, and psyllium, if not taken with plenty of water, can cause gastrointestinal obstruction.

What’s more, drinking too much coffee can lead to caffeine poisoning, which causes tremors, irregular heart rhythms, and palpitations.