What are the symptoms of rectal prolapse. What causes rectal prolapse. How is rectal prolapse diagnosed. What are the treatment options for rectal prolapse. Who is at risk for developing rectal prolapse. What complications can arise from rectal prolapse. How can rectal prolapse be prevented.

Understanding Rectal Prolapse: An Overview

Rectal prolapse is a condition where the rectum, the final portion of the large intestine, turns inside out and protrudes through the anus. This medical issue affects people of all ages, though it’s more common in women over 50 and young children. While the exact cause remains unknown, several risk factors have been identified.

The rectum serves as a temporary storage area for bowel movements. In cases of rectal prolapse, this vital part of the digestive system becomes displaced, leading to various uncomfortable symptoms and potential complications if left untreated.

Types of Rectal Prolapse: From Internal to External

Rectal prolapse is classified into three main types based on severity:

• Internal prolapse: The rectum has prolapsed but hasn’t protruded through the anus.
• Mucosal prolapse: Only the inner lining of the rectum protrudes through the anus.
• External prolapse: The entire thickness of the rectal wall protrudes through the anus.

Understanding these distinctions is crucial for proper diagnosis and treatment. Each type may require different approaches to management and intervention.

Recognizing the Symptoms of Rectal Prolapse

The symptoms of rectal prolapse can vary depending on the severity of the condition. Common signs include:

• Pain and discomfort in the lower abdomen
• Blood and mucus discharge from the anus
• Feeling of incomplete bowel emptying
• Difficulty passing bowel movements
• Visible protrusion of rectal tissue through the anus
• Excessive use of toilet paper for cleaning after bowel movements
• Leakage of liquid stool
• Fecal incontinence or reduced bowel control

Is rectal prolapse painful? While discomfort is common, the level of pain can vary. Some individuals may experience significant discomfort, while others might only notice mild symptoms.

Unraveling the Causes and Risk Factors of Rectal Prolapse

Although the exact cause of rectal prolapse remains unclear, several risk factors have been identified:

• Chronic constipation and straining during bowel movements
• Weakened pelvic floor and anal sphincter muscles
• Age-related muscle weakening (more common in those 65 and older)
• Genetic predisposition
• Parasitic infections (rare in developed countries)
• Conditions increasing abdominal pressure (e.g., benign prostatic hypertrophy, COPD)
• Structural issues with rectal ligaments
• Congenital bowel problems (e.g., Hirschsprung’s disease)
• Lower back trauma or disc disease

Can pregnancy cause rectal prolapse? While pregnancy itself doesn’t directly cause rectal prolapse, the strain of childbirth and associated weakening of pelvic floor muscles can increase the risk of developing this condition later in life.

Diagnosing Rectal Prolapse: From Physical Exams to Advanced Imaging

Diagnosing rectal prolapse typically involves a thorough physical examination. In cases where the prolapse retracts on its own after bowel movements, the patient may need to strain during the examination to demonstrate the condition.

For suspected internal prolapse, additional diagnostic tests may be necessary:

• Ultrasound imaging
• Specialized X-rays
• Anorectal manometry (measuring muscle activity)

If rectal bleeding is present, further tests may be conducted to rule out other conditions such as bowel cancer. In children with rectal prolapse, testing for cystic fibrosis is important, as approximately 11% of affected children have this genetic disorder.

How is rectal prolapse different from hemorrhoids? While both conditions can involve tissue protruding from the anus, hemorrhoids are swollen blood vessels, whereas rectal prolapse involves the actual rectal tissue turning inside out.

Treatment Approaches for Rectal Prolapse

The treatment for rectal prolapse depends on various factors, including the patient’s age, prolapse severity, and the presence of other pelvic abnormalities. Options include:

1. Diet and lifestyle changes: Especially effective for treating chronic constipation, which can resolve rectal prolapse in young children.
2. Rubber band ligation: Used in cases of mucosal prolapse to secure the protruding tissue.
3. Surgical intervention: May be necessary for more severe cases.

Can rectal prolapse heal on its own? In young children, rectal prolapse often resolves without surgical intervention through dietary and lifestyle modifications. However, in adults, the condition typically requires medical treatment.

Surgical Options for Rectal Prolapse

When surgery is necessary, two main approaches are considered:

• Abdominal surgery: Performed through an incision in the abdomen
• Perineal surgery: Conducted through the anus

The choice of surgical technique depends on the individual patient’s condition, overall health, and the surgeon’s expertise. Both methods aim to secure the rectum in its proper position and restore normal function.

Potential Complications of Rectal Prolapse

If left untreated, rectal prolapse can lead to several complications:

• Rectal damage, including ulceration and bleeding
• Incarceration: The prolapsed rectum cannot be manually reinserted
• Strangulation: Reduced blood supply to the prolapsed tissue
• Gangrene: Death of tissue due to lack of blood supply

These complications underscore the importance of seeking prompt medical attention when symptoms of rectal prolapse are noticed.

What is the long-term outlook for patients with rectal prolapse? With proper treatment, many patients experience significant improvement in symptoms and quality of life. However, the success rate can vary depending on the individual case and chosen treatment approach.

Preventing Rectal Prolapse: Lifestyle Modifications and Risk Reduction

While not all cases of rectal prolapse can be prevented, certain measures may help reduce the risk:

• Maintaining a high-fiber diet to prevent constipation
• Staying hydrated by drinking adequate fluids
• Avoiding straining during bowel movements
• Performing pelvic floor exercises to strengthen supporting muscles
• Managing chronic cough or other conditions that increase abdominal pressure
• Seeking prompt treatment for persistent diarrhea or constipation

Is rectal prolapse more common in certain populations? Women are six times more likely to experience rectal prolapse than men. Additionally, the condition is more prevalent in older adults and young children under three years of age.

Living with Rectal Prolapse: Coping Strategies and Support

For individuals living with rectal prolapse, coping with the condition can be challenging. Here are some strategies that may help:

• Follow medical advice and treatment plans closely
• Join support groups or online communities for individuals with similar conditions
• Practice good hygiene to prevent infections and skin irritation
• Use incontinence products if necessary to manage symptoms
• Communicate openly with healthcare providers about any concerns or changes in symptoms

How can family members support someone with rectal prolapse? Family support is crucial in managing rectal prolapse. Encouraging adherence to treatment plans, assisting with lifestyle modifications, and providing emotional support can significantly improve the patient’s quality of life.

The Importance of Regular Check-ups

Regular follow-up appointments with healthcare providers are essential for individuals with rectal prolapse. These check-ups allow for:

• Monitoring the progression or improvement of the condition
• Adjusting treatment plans as needed
• Addressing any new symptoms or concerns promptly
• Assessing the effectiveness of current interventions

By maintaining open communication with healthcare professionals, patients can ensure they receive optimal care and support throughout their journey with rectal prolapse.

Advancing Research and Future Treatments for Rectal Prolapse

The field of rectal prolapse treatment continues to evolve as researchers explore new approaches and techniques. Current areas of focus include:

• Minimally invasive surgical techniques to reduce recovery time and complications
• Development of novel biomaterials for reinforcing pelvic floor structures
• Investigation of genetic factors contributing to rectal prolapse susceptibility
• Exploration of regenerative medicine approaches to strengthen rectal tissues

What promising treatments are on the horizon for rectal prolapse? While specific breakthroughs are yet to be announced, ongoing research in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering holds potential for developing more effective and less invasive treatments in the future.

The Role of Clinical Trials

Clinical trials play a crucial role in advancing our understanding and treatment of rectal prolapse. These studies:

• Test new surgical techniques and medical interventions
• Evaluate the effectiveness of different treatment approaches
• Assess potential side effects and long-term outcomes
• Contribute to the development of evidence-based treatment guidelines

Patients interested in participating in clinical trials should discuss this option with their healthcare providers to determine if any suitable studies are available.

Rectal Prolapse in Special Populations

While rectal prolapse can affect anyone, certain populations may require special considerations:

Children with Rectal Prolapse

Rectal prolapse in children often differs from adult cases:

• It’s more common in children under three years old
• Conservative treatment through dietary changes is often successful
• Underlying conditions like cystic fibrosis should be ruled out
• Surgical intervention is rarely necessary

Elderly Patients

Older adults with rectal prolapse may face unique challenges:

• Increased risk due to age-related muscle weakening
• Potential complications from other health conditions
• Consideration of less invasive treatment options
• Focus on maintaining quality of life and independence

Pregnant and Postpartum Women

Women during and after pregnancy may be at higher risk for rectal prolapse:

• Hormonal changes and physical strain can weaken pelvic floor muscles
• Importance of pelvic floor exercises during and after pregnancy
• Careful management of constipation and straining
• Postpartum follow-up to address any pelvic floor concerns

How does the approach to treating rectal prolapse differ among these populations? Treatment strategies are tailored to each group’s specific needs and risk factors. For example, children may respond well to conservative measures, while elderly patients might require a more careful weighing of surgical risks and benefits.

The Impact of Rectal Prolapse on Quality of Life

Rectal prolapse can significantly affect an individual’s daily life and overall well-being. Common impacts include:

• Physical discomfort and pain
• Embarrassment and social anxiety
• Limitations in physical activities
• Sleep disturbances due to discomfort or incontinence
• Emotional stress and potential depression
• Challenges in intimate relationships

How can patients improve their quality of life while managing rectal prolapse? Strategies may include:

• Adhering to treatment plans and lifestyle modifications
• Seeking psychological support if needed
• Utilizing adaptive equipment or products to manage symptoms
• Engaging in gentle exercises as recommended by healthcare providers
• Maintaining open communication with family and healthcare team

By addressing both the physical and emotional aspects of living with rectal prolapse, patients can work towards improving their overall quality of life and maintaining a positive outlook.

Nutrition and Dietary Considerations for Rectal Prolapse

Proper nutrition plays a crucial role in managing and preventing rectal prolapse, particularly by addressing underlying issues like chronic constipation. Key dietary considerations include:

• Increasing fiber intake through fruits, vegetables, and whole grains
• Staying well-hydrated to promote healthy bowel movements
• Avoiding foods that may cause constipation or diarrhea
• Incorporating probiotic-rich foods to support gut health
• Limiting caffeine and alcohol consumption

What specific dietary changes can help manage rectal prolapse symptoms? While individual needs may vary, a general approach includes:

1. Gradually increasing daily fiber intake to 25-30 grams
2. Drinking at least 8 glasses of water per day
3. Eating smaller, more frequent meals to ease digestion
4. Including foods rich in omega-3 fatty acids to reduce inflammation
5. Avoiding excessive straining during bowel movements

It’s important to consult with a healthcare provider or registered dietitian before making significant dietary changes, especially for individuals with other health conditions or dietary restrictions.

The Role of Nutritional Supplements

In some cases, healthcare providers may recommend nutritional supplements to support overall digestive health and manage rectal prolapse symptoms. These may include:

• Fiber supplements to promote regular bowel movements
• Probiotics to support gut microbiome balance
• Vitamin D and calcium supplements to support pelvic floor muscle health
• Magnesium to help prevent constipation

As with any supplement regimen, it’s crucial to discuss options with a healthcare provider to ensure safety and appropriateness for individual needs.

Rectal prolapse – Better Health Channel

Actions for this page

Summary

Read the full fact sheet

• We do not know the exact cause of rectal prolapse, but risk factors include chronic constipation, straining to pass bowel motions, and weakened pelvic floor muscles.
• Treatment includes surgery, performed through the abdomen or via the anus, to tether the rectum into place.
• A diet that successfully treats constipation is often all that’s needed to cure rectal prolapse in young children.

The rectum is the last 20 cm or so of the large bowel. It is the temporary storage area for bowel motions. Rectal prolapse occurs when the rectum turns itself inside out and comes out through the anus. Without treatment, the rectum will eventually need to be pushed back in manually.

Women are six times more likely to suffer rectal prolapse than men. Children of both sexes under the age of three years are also commonly affected by rectal prolapse, although the prolapse tends to resolve by itself without the need for surgery.

In the early stages of rectal prolapse, a portion of the rectum slips out while passing a bowel motion, but it goes back inside by itself.

Symptoms of rectal prolapse

The symptoms of rectal prolapse depend on the severity, but can include:

• Pain and discomfort felt deep within the lower abdomen
• Blood and mucus from the anus
• The feeling of constipation, or that the rectum is never completely emptied after passing a motion
• Difficulties passing a bowel motion
• Protrusion of the rectum through the anus
• The need to use huge quantities of toilet paper to clean up following a bowel motion
• Leakage of liquefied faeces, particularly following a bowel motion
• Faecal incontinence, or reduced ability to control the bowels.

Types of rectal prolapse

Rectal prolapse is graded according to its severity, including:

• Internal prolapse – the rectum has prolapsed, but not so far as to slip through the anus. This is also known as incomplete prolapse
• Mucosal prolapse – the interior lining of the rectum protrudes through the anus
• External prolapse – the entire thickness of the rectum protrudes through the anus. This is also known as complete or full-thickness prolapse.

Causes of rectal prolapse

The exact cause of rectal prolapse is unknown, but risk factors include:

• Chronic constipation
• Straining to pass bowel motions
• Weakened pelvic floor muscles
• Weakened anal sphincter muscles
• Weakening of the muscles associated with ageing, since rectal prolapse is more common in people aged 65 years and over
• Genetic susceptibility, since it appears that some people with rectal prolapse have a blood relative with the same condition
• Parasitic infection, such as schistosomiasis – very rare in Australia
• Any condition that chronically increases pressure within the abdomen, such as benign prostatic hypertrophy, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
• Structural problems with the ligaments that tether the rectum to its surrounds
• Congenital problems of the bowel, such as Hirschsprung’s disease or neuronal intestinal dysplasia
• Prior trauma to the lower back
• Disc disease in the lower back.

Complications of rectal prolapse

Complications of rectal prolapse include:

• Risk of damage to the rectum, such as ulceration and bleeding
• Incarceration – the rectum can’t be manually pushed back inside the body
• Strangulation of the rectum – the blood supply is reduced
• Death and decay (gangrene) of the strangulated section of the rectum.

Diagnosis of rectal prolapse

Rectal prolapse is diagnosed by examination. In cases where the rectum goes back inside by itself after passing a bowel motion, the person may have to bear down during examination by the doctor to show the prolapse in order to confirm the diagnosis.

In cases of suspected internal prolapse, diagnostic tests may include ultrasound, special x-rays and measurement of the anorectal muscle activity (anorectal manometry). If the person has experienced rectal bleeding, the doctor may want to do a number of tests to check for other conditions such as bowel cancer.

About 11 per cent of children with rectal prolapse have cystic fibrosis, so it is important to test young people for this condition too.

Treatment for rectal prolapse

Treatment depends on many individual factors, such as the age of the person, the severity of the prolapse, and whether or not other pelvic abnormalities are present (such as prolapsed bladder). Treatment options can include:

• Diet and lifestyle changes to treat chronic constipation – for example, more fruit, vegetables and wholegrain foods, increased fluid intake and regular exercise. This option is often all that’s needed to successfully treat rectal prolapse in young children
• Securing the structures in place with surgical rubber bands – in cases of mucosal prolapse
• Surgery.

Surgery for rectal prolapse

Surgery is sometimes used to secure the rectum into place. It can be performed through the person’s abdomen or via their anus. One operation involves tethering the rectum to the central bone of the pelvis (sacrum). Another operation is to remove the prolapsed part of the rectum and to rejoin the bowel to restore near-normal bowel function.

Although surgery through the abdomen may give better long-term results, older people may be advised to undergo surgical correction via the anus, since it is easier to recover from this procedure.

Before surgery for rectal prolapse

The day before surgery, you will be asked to fast, and may need to drink a special preparation to help flush out your bowels. Once you are in hospital, the anaesthetist will visit you to see what sort of anaesthetic is best for you. You may be given medication in the hours before the operation to prepare you for anaesthesia and make you feel drowsy.

Rectal prolapse operation procedure

The various types of surgery include:

• Laparotomy (open abdominal surgery) – the surgeon uses a single, large incision (cut) in the abdomen. Then the surgeon carefully moves aside the overlying organs. To stop the rectum prolapsing, it is lifted, pulled straight and stitched directly to the inner surface of the sacrum (central bone of the pelvis). Sometimes, a short length of bowel may be removed
• Laparoscopy (keyhole abdominal surgery) – laparoscopy may be possible in some cases. This involves inserting slender instruments through a number of small incisions in the abdomen. Recovery time following laparoscopy is usually quicker than open surgery
• Anal surgery – under anaesthesia, the surgeon gently pulls out the prolapsed bowel through the anus. The prolapsed section of bowel is usually removed and the structural damage repaired. The bowel is rejoined and returned back through the anus to restore normal bowel function and appearance.

Other forms of treatment for rectal prolapse

Surgery is the best option for severe rectal prolapse. Other possible forms of treatment may include:

• Lifestyle changes – including high-fibre diet, drinking plenty of water and getting regular exercise
• Change to toileting habits – such as not straining when trying to pass a bowel motion. This may require using fibre supplements or laxatives.

Immediately after surgery for rectal prolapse

After your operation for rectal prolapse or rectocele, things you can expect include:

• Hospital staff will observe and note your temperature, pulse, breathing and blood pressure.
• You will have an intravenous fluid line in your arm to replace fluids in your body.
• You will receive pain-relieving medications. Tell your nurse if you need more pain relief.
• You may have a catheter to drain off urine for the next day or so, or until you can empty your bladder by yourself.
• If you have a vaginal pack, this will be taken out later the same day or the day after surgery.
• You may be in hospital for three to six days following surgery.
• You will need to make follow-up appointments with your doctor.

Complications of surgery for rectal prolapse

Possible complications of surgery include:

• Allergic reaction to the anaesthetic
• Haemorrhage
• Infection
• Injury to nearby nerves or blood vessels
• Damage to other pelvic organs, such as the bladder or rectum
• Death (necrosis) of the rectal wall
• Recurrence of the rectal prolapse.

Taking care of yourself at home after surgery for rectal prolapse

Be guided by your doctor, but general suggestions include:

• Rest as much as you can.
• Avoid heavy lifting or straining for a few weeks.
• Don’t strain on the toilet.
• Take measures to prevent constipation, such as eating high-fibre foods and drinking plenty of water.
• After rectocele surgery, expect bloody vaginal discharge for about four weeks.
• Contact your doctor if you experience any unusual symptoms, such as difficulties with urination, heavy bleeding, fever, or signs of infection around the wound sites.
• You can expect to return to work around six weeks after surgery.
• Attend follow-up appointments with your surgeon.

Long-term outlook after surgery for rectal prolapse

While surgery through the abdomen gives better results, older people may be advised to undergo surgical correction of rectal prolapse via the anus, since this procedure is less stressful on the body.

Surgery gives good results in most cases of rectal prolapse, but some people may find that symptoms such as constipation or the inability to completely empty the bowels continue.

Unfortunately for women with rectocele, the problem will recur after surgery in about 10 per cent of cases.

Where to get help

• Your doctor
• Colorectal or general surgeon

Things to remember

• We do not know the exact cause of rectal prolapse, but risk factors include chronic constipation, straining to pass bowel motions, and weakened pelvic floor muscles.
• Treatment includes surgery, performed through the abdomen or via the anus, to tether the rectum into place.
• A diet that successfully treats constipation is often all that’s needed to cure rectal prolapse in young children.

This page has been produced in consultation with and approved
by:

This page has been produced in consultation with and approved
by:

Give feedback about this page

Was this page helpful?

More information

Content disclaimer

Content on this website is provided for information purposes only. Information about a therapy, service, product or treatment does not in any way endorse or support such therapy, service, product or treatment and is not intended to replace advice from your doctor or other registered health professional. The information and materials contained on this website are not intended to constitute a comprehensive guide concerning all aspects of the therapy, product or treatment described on the website. All users are urged to always seek advice from a registered health care professional for diagnosis and answers to their medical questions and to ascertain whether the particular therapy, service, product or treatment described on the website is suitable in their circumstances. The State of Victoria and the Department of Health shall not bear any liability for reliance by any user on the materials contained on this website.

Reviewed on: 30-09-2014

Rectal prolapse – Better Health Channel

Actions for this page

Summary

Read the full fact sheet

• We do not know the exact cause of rectal prolapse, but risk factors include chronic constipation, straining to pass bowel motions, and weakened pelvic floor muscles.
• Treatment includes surgery, performed through the abdomen or via the anus, to tether the rectum into place.
• A diet that successfully treats constipation is often all that’s needed to cure rectal prolapse in young children.

The rectum is the last 20 cm or so of the large bowel. It is the temporary storage area for bowel motions. Rectal prolapse occurs when the rectum turns itself inside out and comes out through the anus. Without treatment, the rectum will eventually need to be pushed back in manually.

Women are six times more likely to suffer rectal prolapse than men. Children of both sexes under the age of three years are also commonly affected by rectal prolapse, although the prolapse tends to resolve by itself without the need for surgery.

In the early stages of rectal prolapse, a portion of the rectum slips out while passing a bowel motion, but it goes back inside by itself.

Symptoms of rectal prolapse

The symptoms of rectal prolapse depend on the severity, but can include:

• Pain and discomfort felt deep within the lower abdomen
• Blood and mucus from the anus
• The feeling of constipation, or that the rectum is never completely emptied after passing a motion
• Difficulties passing a bowel motion
• Protrusion of the rectum through the anus
• The need to use huge quantities of toilet paper to clean up following a bowel motion
• Leakage of liquefied faeces, particularly following a bowel motion
• Faecal incontinence, or reduced ability to control the bowels.

Types of rectal prolapse

Rectal prolapse is graded according to its severity, including:

• Internal prolapse – the rectum has prolapsed, but not so far as to slip through the anus. This is also known as incomplete prolapse
• Mucosal prolapse – the interior lining of the rectum protrudes through the anus
• External prolapse – the entire thickness of the rectum protrudes through the anus. This is also known as complete or full-thickness prolapse.

Causes of rectal prolapse

The exact cause of rectal prolapse is unknown, but risk factors include:

• Chronic constipation
• Straining to pass bowel motions
• Weakened pelvic floor muscles
• Weakened anal sphincter muscles
• Weakening of the muscles associated with ageing, since rectal prolapse is more common in people aged 65 years and over
• Genetic susceptibility, since it appears that some people with rectal prolapse have a blood relative with the same condition
• Parasitic infection, such as schistosomiasis – very rare in Australia
• Any condition that chronically increases pressure within the abdomen, such as benign prostatic hypertrophy, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
• Structural problems with the ligaments that tether the rectum to its surrounds
• Congenital problems of the bowel, such as Hirschsprung’s disease or neuronal intestinal dysplasia
• Prior trauma to the lower back
• Disc disease in the lower back.

Complications of rectal prolapse

Complications of rectal prolapse include:

• Risk of damage to the rectum, such as ulceration and bleeding
• Incarceration – the rectum can’t be manually pushed back inside the body
• Strangulation of the rectum – the blood supply is reduced
• Death and decay (gangrene) of the strangulated section of the rectum.

Diagnosis of rectal prolapse

Rectal prolapse is diagnosed by examination. In cases where the rectum goes back inside by itself after passing a bowel motion, the person may have to bear down during examination by the doctor to show the prolapse in order to confirm the diagnosis.

In cases of suspected internal prolapse, diagnostic tests may include ultrasound, special x-rays and measurement of the anorectal muscle activity (anorectal manometry). If the person has experienced rectal bleeding, the doctor may want to do a number of tests to check for other conditions such as bowel cancer.

About 11 per cent of children with rectal prolapse have cystic fibrosis, so it is important to test young people for this condition too.

Treatment for rectal prolapse

Treatment depends on many individual factors, such as the age of the person, the severity of the prolapse, and whether or not other pelvic abnormalities are present (such as prolapsed bladder). Treatment options can include:

• Diet and lifestyle changes to treat chronic constipation – for example, more fruit, vegetables and wholegrain foods, increased fluid intake and regular exercise. This option is often all that’s needed to successfully treat rectal prolapse in young children
• Securing the structures in place with surgical rubber bands – in cases of mucosal prolapse
• Surgery.

Surgery for rectal prolapse

Surgery is sometimes used to secure the rectum into place. It can be performed through the person’s abdomen or via their anus. One operation involves tethering the rectum to the central bone of the pelvis (sacrum). Another operation is to remove the prolapsed part of the rectum and to rejoin the bowel to restore near-normal bowel function.

Although surgery through the abdomen may give better long-term results, older people may be advised to undergo surgical correction via the anus, since it is easier to recover from this procedure.

Before surgery for rectal prolapse

The day before surgery, you will be asked to fast, and may need to drink a special preparation to help flush out your bowels. Once you are in hospital, the anaesthetist will visit you to see what sort of anaesthetic is best for you. You may be given medication in the hours before the operation to prepare you for anaesthesia and make you feel drowsy.

Rectal prolapse operation procedure

The various types of surgery include:

• Laparotomy (open abdominal surgery) – the surgeon uses a single, large incision (cut) in the abdomen. Then the surgeon carefully moves aside the overlying organs. To stop the rectum prolapsing, it is lifted, pulled straight and stitched directly to the inner surface of the sacrum (central bone of the pelvis). Sometimes, a short length of bowel may be removed
• Laparoscopy (keyhole abdominal surgery) – laparoscopy may be possible in some cases. This involves inserting slender instruments through a number of small incisions in the abdomen. Recovery time following laparoscopy is usually quicker than open surgery
• Anal surgery – under anaesthesia, the surgeon gently pulls out the prolapsed bowel through the anus. The prolapsed section of bowel is usually removed and the structural damage repaired. The bowel is rejoined and returned back through the anus to restore normal bowel function and appearance.

Other forms of treatment for rectal prolapse

Surgery is the best option for severe rectal prolapse. Other possible forms of treatment may include:

• Lifestyle changes – including high-fibre diet, drinking plenty of water and getting regular exercise
• Change to toileting habits – such as not straining when trying to pass a bowel motion. This may require using fibre supplements or laxatives.

Immediately after surgery for rectal prolapse

After your operation for rectal prolapse or rectocele, things you can expect include:

• Hospital staff will observe and note your temperature, pulse, breathing and blood pressure.
• You will have an intravenous fluid line in your arm to replace fluids in your body.
• You will receive pain-relieving medications. Tell your nurse if you need more pain relief.
• You may have a catheter to drain off urine for the next day or so, or until you can empty your bladder by yourself.
• If you have a vaginal pack, this will be taken out later the same day or the day after surgery.
• You may be in hospital for three to six days following surgery.
• You will need to make follow-up appointments with your doctor.

Complications of surgery for rectal prolapse

Possible complications of surgery include:

• Allergic reaction to the anaesthetic
• Haemorrhage
• Infection
• Injury to nearby nerves or blood vessels
• Damage to other pelvic organs, such as the bladder or rectum
• Death (necrosis) of the rectal wall
• Recurrence of the rectal prolapse.

Taking care of yourself at home after surgery for rectal prolapse

Be guided by your doctor, but general suggestions include:

• Rest as much as you can.
• Avoid heavy lifting or straining for a few weeks.
• Don’t strain on the toilet.
• Take measures to prevent constipation, such as eating high-fibre foods and drinking plenty of water.
• After rectocele surgery, expect bloody vaginal discharge for about four weeks.
• Contact your doctor if you experience any unusual symptoms, such as difficulties with urination, heavy bleeding, fever, or signs of infection around the wound sites.
• You can expect to return to work around six weeks after surgery.
• Attend follow-up appointments with your surgeon.

Long-term outlook after surgery for rectal prolapse

While surgery through the abdomen gives better results, older people may be advised to undergo surgical correction of rectal prolapse via the anus, since this procedure is less stressful on the body.

Surgery gives good results in most cases of rectal prolapse, but some people may find that symptoms such as constipation or the inability to completely empty the bowels continue.

Unfortunately for women with rectocele, the problem will recur after surgery in about 10 per cent of cases.

Where to get help

• Your doctor
• Colorectal or general surgeon

Things to remember

• We do not know the exact cause of rectal prolapse, but risk factors include chronic constipation, straining to pass bowel motions, and weakened pelvic floor muscles.
• Treatment includes surgery, performed through the abdomen or via the anus, to tether the rectum into place.
• A diet that successfully treats constipation is often all that’s needed to cure rectal prolapse in young children.

This page has been produced in consultation with and approved
by:

This page has been produced in consultation with and approved
by:

Give feedback about this page

Was this page helpful?

More information

Content disclaimer

Content on this website is provided for information purposes only. Information about a therapy, service, product or treatment does not in any way endorse or support such therapy, service, product or treatment and is not intended to replace advice from your doctor or other registered health professional. The information and materials contained on this website are not intended to constitute a comprehensive guide concerning all aspects of the therapy, product or treatment described on the website. All users are urged to always seek advice from a registered health care professional for diagnosis and answers to their medical questions and to ascertain whether the particular therapy, service, product or treatment described on the website is suitable in their circumstances. The State of Victoria and the Department of Health shall not bear any liability for reliance by any user on the materials contained on this website.

Reviewed on: 30-09-2014

Rectal prolapse – methods of treatment, stages of prolapse, symptoms and complications

Prices Doctors Our centers

Classification Symptoms Complications Diagnosis Treatment methods Prognosis Prevention

Rectal prolapse or rectal prolapse is a pathological condition
which is accompanied by the release of the mucosa beyond the boundaries of the anal sphincter. All layers of the diastal layer fall out
segment of the large intestine. The protruding segment in this case ranges from 2 to 20 centimeters and even more.

Often this disease is diagnosed in men, they account for 70% of clinical cases. In 30% pathology
occurs in women. Prolapse is predominantly formed in people of working age from 20 to 50 years, however
often occurs in babies 3-4 years old due to the specifics of the anatomical and physiological characteristics of the child
organism.

Causes of weakening of muscles and ligaments, which leads to prolapse of rectal nodes:

• hereditary predisposition;
• incorrect anatomical structure of the pelvic bones, shape and rectum and sigmoid colon, intestinal wall;
• prolonged defecation disorders: diarrhoea, constipation;
• excessive straining during urination;
• parasitic intestinal infections;
• injuries of pelvic nerves and muscles;
• regular excessive physical activity, hard work, heavy lifting;
• heavy or multiple childbirth in women;
• diseases of the nervous system.

Classification

The official classification of human rectal prolapse is used by specialists when developing a therapeutic
scheme. It provides for the distribution of pathology into three stages:

• Stage 1 (compensated) – the intestine falls out only during defecation and returns on its own
  in a natural position;
• stage 2 (subcompensated) – prolapse occurs during bowel movements and at high
  physical exertion, accompanied by insufficiency of the anal sphincter;
• stage 3 (decompensated) – prolapse of the rectum is observed even when walking, coughing, sneezing,
  accompanied by incontinence of feces, gases, severe insufficiency of the sphincter.

Specialists also distinguish two types of rectal prolapse:

• Hernia – Douglas pouch and anterior wall of the rectum move down, with weak muscles
  pelvic floor and constant high intra-abdominal pressure lead to prolapse of the intestine into the anal canal. Through
  time, all the walls are involved in the pathological process, and the sagging increases.
• Invaginated or internal prolapse – part of the rectum or sigmoid colon is embedded in the lumen
  other part of the intestine. In this case, the organ does not go outside, and the main symptom of pathology is regular
  strong pain attacks.

Symptoms

Symptoms of pathology occur both gradually and suddenly. An unexpected start is associated with sharp and intense
loads, stress. After such an episode, the rectum falls out, and the person feels sharp pains in the abdomen, up to
to pain shock.

More often, however, rectal prolapse develops gradually. As the pathology progresses, it becomes more
pronounced and signs of loss:

• sensation of a foreign body in the anus;
• abdominal pain that worsens with walking, exercise, defecation;
• incontinence, inability to hold back gases, stools;
• frequent false urge to defecate;
• sensation of incomplete bowel movements;
• frequent urination;
• secretion of mucus, blood from the anus;
• the formation of a solitary ulcer, mucosal edema (with internal prolapse).

Complications in the absence of treatment

The most dangerous complication that occurs when ignoring prolapse is the infringement of the prolapsed segment of the intestine.
Infringement appears with untimely intervention or when you try to set the prolapse on your own.
Accompanied by edema, increasing ischemia, impaired blood supply. If you do not seek help in time,
the outer portion of the tissues will be affected by necrosis (tissue necrosis).

Another complication that pathology leads to is solitary ulcers. Such wounds cause over time
bleeding leading to perforation.

In advanced stages of internal prolapse, acute intestinal obstruction and peritonitis often occur. These are dangerous
conditions that pose a threat to human life.

Promotion! Free consultation with a surgeon about surgery

Take advantage of this unique opportunity and get a free consultation about elective surgery.

Diagnostics

A proctologist can diagnose rectal prolapse and the degree of bowel prolapse even without examination and analysis
symptoms. The prolapsed part of the organ has a cone-shaped, cylindrical or spherical shape, painted in
bright red or bluish tint. The mucous membrane is markedly swollen and bleeds on contact. On
in the early stages, you can set the intestine and restore the normal state of the tissues. If at the time of examination the prolapse is not
observed, the patient is offered to strain to provoke a prolapse.

During a digital examination, the doctor determines the tone of the sphincter, differentiates the disease from hemorrhoids and anal
polyps. After that, for an accurate diagnosis, identification of complications and the exact stage of the disease,
instrumental diagnostics, which includes:

• colonoscopy – to identify the causes of the pathology;
• barium enema – to detect functional changes in the colon;
• defectography (proctography) – to determine the degree of prolapse;
• anorectal manometry – to assess muscle function;
• endoscopic examination (sigmoidoscopy) – to detect intussusception, the presence of ulcers;
• endoscopic biopsy with tissue examination – is prescribed if a solitary ulcer is detected to exclude
  oncology of the rectum;
• gynecological examination – for women.

Methods of treatment of rectal prolapse

Conservative approaches are used only in the earliest stages of the disease. The main purpose of such events is
normalize stool and eliminate increased intra-abdominal pressure. Clinical recommendations include:

• high fiber diet;
• drinking plenty of water;
• laxatives;
• drugs to increase peristalsis;
• neurostimulation, which helps to regain control of the muscles in case of impaired innervation.

Surgical methods of treatment bring results in the later stages of the development of prolapse, as well as in cases where
when conservative therapy fails. There are many operations that help get rid of
pathology. They include:

• excision of the prolapsed section of the rectum;
• bowel fixation;
• plastic surgery of the anal canal, pelvic floor;
• colon resection;
• combined methods.

Resection of the prolapsed section is more often done predominantly by surgery
Delorme. The surgeon removes the mucous membrane and forms a new muscle layer in the anal canal area. Operation
has a low invasiveness and is suitable even for older patients with serious chronic pathologies.
Less commonly, resection of the prolapsed lobe is done by patchwork cutting according to Nelaton or circular removal according to Mikulich.

Among fixation methods, rectopexy is considered the most effective –
an operation in which the pelvic section of the intestine is attached to the walls of the pelvis, thus restoring the correct
organ anatomy. The operation is performed on patients under 50-55 years of age. In 97% of cases, organ prolapse is eliminated.

Anal plastic surgery helps narrow the anus with surgical sutures and wires,
synthetic materials. However, this group of methods has a high risk of recurrence, so it is rarely used.

Resection of the distal colon is necessary if the patient has a solitary ulcer or necrosis. Often
such an operation is combined with fixing operations.

SM-Clinic surgeons have experience in performing various types of prolapse surgery. Our clinicians in
are fluent in modern surgical techniques and successfully help patients get rid of pathological
bowel prolapse.

Forecast

Surgical treatment brings a positive result without recurrence in 80% of cases. In 70-75% of patients, as a result
treatment restores the evacuation capacity of the intestine. At the same time, 25-30% of patients develop disorders
transitory function.

Moreover, the earlier the patient seeks help, the more favorable the prognosis will be. Unfortunately, patients often go to
doctor only in the later stages of the development of pathology, when prolapse is already obvious, bowel functions are impaired, and in
tissues began to undergo irreversible changes. In this case, the risk of developing life-threatening complications increases in
times.

Prophylaxis

To prevent the disease, as well as to prevent relapse, doctors recommend eliminating factors that increase
intra-abdominal pressure and cause weakness of the pelvic floor muscles:

• avoid injuries in the pelvis, sacrum;
• physical activity, stress;
• treat constipation, flatulence, diarrhea;
• do not start urolithiasis, prostate adenoma;
• to prevent hacking agonizing cough.

Pathology develops as a result of a combination of several factors, so for prevention it is necessary to minimize all
risks.

Specialists in this field 21 doctors

Leading doctors 6 doctors

Petrushina Marina Borisovna

Surgeon, proctologist

Work experience: 42 years

Udarnikov, 19

m. Ladozhskaya

Make an appointment

Aramyan David Surenovich

Surgeon, coloproctologist, oncologist, mammologist

Work experience: 13 years Reception

Yaroslav Viktorovich Kolosovsky

Surgeon, mammologist, oncologist

Work experience: 17 years

Dybenko, 13k4

m. Dybenko Street

Sign up for an appointment

Karapetyan Zaven Surenovich

coloproctologist, surgeon and phlebologist

Work experience: 15 years

Dunaisky, 47

Dunayskaya metro station

Marshala Zakharov, 20

Leninskiy avenue metro station

Make an appointment 90 003 Andrey Shishkin

Surgeon, phlebologist, proctologist. Candidate of Medical Sciences

Work experience: 13 years

Dunaysky, 47

Dunayskaya metro station

Make an appointment

Maslennikov Dmitry Yurievich

Surgeon, proctologist, mammologist

Work experience: 16 years

Udarnikov, 19

Ladozhskaya metro station

Dybenko, 13k4

Dybenko street metro

Make an appointment

Show more
+15 doctors

Other doctors 15 doctors

Ardashov, Pavel Sergeevich

Coloproctologist-surgeon

Work experience: 9 years

Udarnikov, 19

persons Dybenko

Make an appointment

Bulkina Maria Sergeevna

Coloproctologist, surgeon

Work experience: 11 years

Dunaysky, 47

Dunayskaya metro station

Vyborgskoe shosse, 17

Prosveshcheniya metro station 9000 3

Make an appointment

Grinevich Vladimir Stanislavovich

Surgeon, oncologist, mammologist, coloproctologist

Work experience: 27 years

Vyborgskoe shosse, 17

m.
Klyuev Andrey

Operating proctologist

Work experience: 16 years

Malaya Balkanskaya, 23

Kupchino metro station

Make an appointment

Nekrasov Roman Aleksandrovich

Coloproctologist and surgeon

Work experience: 8 years

Udarnikov, 19

Ladozhskaya metro station

Marshala Zakharov, 20

Leninsky pr. -t

Make an appointment

Petrova Vitalina Vasilievna

Operating proctologist

Work experience: 12 years

Vyborgskoe shosse, 17

Prospekt Prosveshcheniya metro station

Make an appointment

Senko Vladimir Vladimirovich

Head of the Center for Surgery and Oncology

Work experience: 23 years Leninsky Prospekt

Vyborgskoe shosse, 17

m Prospect Prosveshcheniya

Make an appointment

Sinyagina (Nazarova) Maria Andreevna

Surgeon, proctologist

Work experience: 8 years

Marshala Zakharova, 20

06
Sokolova Anna Sergeevna

Coloproctologist, surgeon. Candidate of Medical Sciences.

Work experience: 13 years

Malaya Balkanskaya, 23

Kupchino metro station

Make an appointment

Sol Anton Aleksandrovich

Work experience: 15 years

Vyborgskoye shosse, 17

metro Prosveshcheniya

Make an appointment

Fomenko Nikolai Aleksandrovich

Surgeon, proctologist, oncologist

Work experience: 15 years

Marshal Zakharova, 20

m. Leninsky pr-t

Sign up for reception

Khangireev Alexander Bakhytovich

Surgeon, oncologist, coloproctologist

Work experience: 13 years

Udarnikov, 19

Ladozhskaya metro station

Dunaiskiy, 47

Dunaiskaya metro station

Make an appointment

Khokhlov Sergey Viktorovich

Surgeon, oncologist, coloproctologist

Work experience: 28 years old

Vyborg highway, 17

m. Prospekt Prospect

Sign up for reception

Chuprina Susanna Vladimirovna

Coloproctologist of the highest category

Work experience: 22 years

Udarnikov, 19

Ladozhskaya metro station

Make an appointment

Yalda Ksenia Davidovna

Coloproctologist

Work experience: 11 years

Malaya Balkanskaya, 23

Kupchino metro station

Make an appointment

Hide the list 90 003

Our offices in St.

Petersburg

6 branches

Center for Surgery Dunayskaya metro station

47 Dunaisky prospect

Dunaiskaya metro station

daily from 09:00 to 22:00

Surgery Center Ladozhskaya metro station

Udarnikov Avenue, 19/1

Ladozhskaya metro station

daily from 09:00 to 22:00

Center for Surgery Metro station “Leninsky Prospekt”

st. Marshal Zakharov, d.
daily from 09:00 to 22:00

Center for Surgery Prospekt Prosveshcheniya metro station

Vyborgskoe shosse, 17 building 1

Prospect Prosveshcheniya metro station

daily from 09:00 to 22:00

Surgery Center Kupchino metro station

Malaya Balkanskaya street, 23

Kupchino metro station

daily from 09:00 to 22:00

Center for Surgery Dybenko Street

Dybenko Street, 13k4

m. Dybenko street

daily from 09:00 to 22:00

Rectal prolapse – methods of treatment, stages of prolapse, symptoms and complications

Prices Doctors Our centers

Classification Symptoms Complications Diagnosis Treatment methods Prognosis Prevention

Rectal prolapse or rectal prolapse is a pathological condition
which is accompanied by the release of the mucosa beyond the boundaries of the anal sphincter. All layers of the diastal layer fall out
segment of the large intestine. The protruding segment in this case ranges from 2 to 20 centimeters and even more.

Often this disease is diagnosed in men, they account for 70% of clinical cases. In 30% pathology
occurs in women. Prolapse is predominantly formed in people of working age from 20 to 50 years, however
often occurs in babies 3-4 years old due to the specifics of the anatomical and physiological characteristics of the child
organism.

Causes of weakening of muscles and ligaments, which leads to prolapse of rectal nodes:

• hereditary predisposition;
• incorrect anatomical structure of the pelvic bones, shape and rectum and sigmoid colon, intestinal wall;
• prolonged defecation disorders: diarrhoea, constipation;
• excessive straining during urination;
• parasitic intestinal infections;
• injuries of pelvic nerves and muscles;
• regular excessive physical activity, hard work, heavy lifting;
• heavy or multiple childbirth in women;
• diseases of the nervous system.

Classification

The official classification of human rectal prolapse is used by specialists when developing a therapeutic
scheme. It provides for the distribution of pathology into three stages:

• Stage 1 (compensated) – the intestine falls out only during defecation and returns on its own
  in a natural position;
• stage 2 (subcompensated) – prolapse occurs during bowel movements and at high
  physical exertion, accompanied by insufficiency of the anal sphincter;
• stage 3 (decompensated) – prolapse of the rectum is observed even when walking, coughing, sneezing,
  accompanied by incontinence of feces, gases, severe insufficiency of the sphincter.

Specialists also distinguish two types of rectal prolapse:

• Hernia – Douglas pouch and anterior wall of the rectum move down, with weak muscles
  pelvic floor and constant high intra-abdominal pressure lead to prolapse of the intestine into the anal canal. Through
  time, all the walls are involved in the pathological process, and the sagging increases.
• Invaginated or internal prolapse – part of the rectum or sigmoid colon is embedded in the lumen
  other part of the intestine. In this case, the organ does not go outside, and the main symptom of pathology is regular
  strong pain attacks.

Symptoms

Symptoms of pathology occur both gradually and suddenly. An unexpected start is associated with sharp and intense
loads, stress. After such an episode, the rectum falls out, and the person feels sharp pains in the abdomen, up to
to pain shock.

More often, however, rectal prolapse develops gradually. As the pathology progresses, it becomes more
pronounced and signs of loss:

• sensation of a foreign body in the anus;
• abdominal pain that worsens with walking, exercise, defecation;
• incontinence, inability to hold back gases, stools;
• frequent false urge to defecate;
• sensation of incomplete bowel movements;
• frequent urination;
• secretion of mucus, blood from the anus;
• the formation of a solitary ulcer, mucosal edema (with internal prolapse).

Complications in the absence of treatment

The most dangerous complication that occurs when ignoring prolapse is the infringement of the prolapsed segment of the intestine.
Infringement appears with untimely intervention or when you try to set the prolapse on your own.
Accompanied by edema, increasing ischemia, impaired blood supply. If you do not seek help in time,
the outer portion of the tissues will be affected by necrosis (tissue necrosis).

Another complication that pathology leads to is solitary ulcers. Such wounds cause over time
bleeding leading to perforation.

In advanced stages of internal prolapse, acute intestinal obstruction and peritonitis often occur. These are dangerous
conditions that pose a threat to human life.

Promotion! Free consultation with a surgeon about surgery

Take advantage of this unique opportunity and get a free consultation about elective surgery.

Diagnostics

A proctologist can diagnose rectal prolapse and the degree of bowel prolapse even without examination and analysis
symptoms. The prolapsed part of the organ has a cone-shaped, cylindrical or spherical shape, painted in
bright red or bluish tint. The mucous membrane is markedly swollen and bleeds on contact. On
in the early stages, you can set the intestine and restore the normal state of the tissues. If at the time of examination the prolapse is not
observed, the patient is offered to strain to provoke a prolapse.

During a digital examination, the doctor determines the tone of the sphincter, differentiates the disease from hemorrhoids and anal
polyps. After that, for an accurate diagnosis, identification of complications and the exact stage of the disease,
instrumental diagnostics, which includes:

• colonoscopy – to identify the causes of the pathology;
• barium enema – to detect functional changes in the colon;
• defectography (proctography) – to determine the degree of prolapse;
• anorectal manometry – to assess muscle function;
• endoscopic examination (sigmoidoscopy) – to detect intussusception, the presence of ulcers;
• endoscopic biopsy with tissue examination – is prescribed if a solitary ulcer is detected to exclude
  oncology of the rectum;
• gynecological examination – for women.

Methods of treatment of rectal prolapse

Conservative approaches are used only in the earliest stages of the disease. The main purpose of such events is
normalize stool and eliminate increased intra-abdominal pressure. Clinical recommendations include:

• high fiber diet;
• drinking plenty of water;
• laxatives;
• drugs to increase peristalsis;
• neurostimulation, which helps to regain control of the muscles in case of impaired innervation.

Surgical methods of treatment bring results in the later stages of the development of prolapse, as well as in cases where
when conservative therapy fails. There are many operations that help get rid of
pathology. They include:

• excision of the prolapsed section of the rectum;
• bowel fixation;
• plastic surgery of the anal canal, pelvic floor;
• colon resection;
• combined methods.

Resection of the prolapsed section is more often done predominantly by surgery
Delorme. The surgeon removes the mucous membrane and forms a new muscle layer in the anal canal area. Operation
has a low invasiveness and is suitable even for older patients with serious chronic pathologies.
Less commonly, resection of the prolapsed lobe is done by patchwork cutting according to Nelaton or circular removal according to Mikulich.

Among fixation methods, rectopexy is considered the most effective –
an operation in which the pelvic section of the intestine is attached to the walls of the pelvis, thus restoring the correct
organ anatomy. The operation is performed on patients under 50-55 years of age. In 97% of cases, organ prolapse is eliminated.

Anal plastic surgery helps narrow the anus with surgical sutures and wires,
synthetic materials. However, this group of methods has a high risk of recurrence, so it is rarely used.

Resection of the distal colon is necessary if the patient has a solitary ulcer or necrosis. Often
such an operation is combined with fixing operations.

SM-Clinic surgeons have experience in performing various types of prolapse surgery. Our clinicians in
are fluent in modern surgical techniques and successfully help patients get rid of pathological
bowel prolapse.

Forecast

Surgical treatment brings a positive result without recurrence in 80% of cases. In 70-75% of patients, as a result
treatment restores the evacuation capacity of the intestine. At the same time, 25-30% of patients develop disorders
transitory function.

Moreover, the earlier the patient seeks help, the more favorable the prognosis will be. Unfortunately, patients often go to
doctor only in the later stages of the development of pathology, when prolapse is already obvious, bowel functions are impaired, and in
tissues began to undergo irreversible changes. In this case, the risk of developing life-threatening complications increases in
times.

Prophylaxis

To prevent the disease, as well as to prevent relapse, doctors recommend eliminating factors that increase
intra-abdominal pressure and cause weakness of the pelvic floor muscles:

• avoid injuries in the pelvis, sacrum;
• physical activity, stress;
• treat constipation, flatulence, diarrhea;
• do not start urolithiasis, prostate adenoma;
• to prevent hacking agonizing cough.

Pathology develops as a result of a combination of several factors, so for prevention it is necessary to minimize all
risks.

Specialists in this field 21 doctors

Leading doctors 6 doctors

Petrushina Marina Borisovna

Surgeon, proctologist

Work experience: 42 years

Udarnikov, 19

m. Ladozhskaya

Make an appointment

Aramyan David Surenovich

Surgeon, coloproctologist, oncologist, mammologist

Work experience: 13 years Reception

Yaroslav Viktorovich Kolosovsky

Surgeon, mammologist, oncologist

Work experience: 17 years

Dybenko, 13k4

m. Dybenko Street

Sign up for an appointment

Karapetyan Zaven Surenovich

coloproctologist, surgeon and phlebologist

Work experience: 15 years

Dunaisky, 47

Dunayskaya metro station

Marshala Zakharov, 20

Leninskiy avenue metro station

Make an appointment 90 003 Andrey Shishkin

Surgeon, phlebologist, proctologist. Candidate of Medical Sciences

Work experience: 13 years

Dunaysky, 47

Dunayskaya metro station

Make an appointment

Maslennikov Dmitry Yurievich

Surgeon, proctologist, mammologist

Work experience: 16 years

Udarnikov, 19

Ladozhskaya metro station

Dybenko, 13k4

Dybenko street metro

Make an appointment

Show more
+15 doctors

Other doctors 15 doctors

Ardashov, Pavel Sergeevich

Coloproctologist-surgeon

Work experience: 9 years

Udarnikov, 19

persons Dybenko

Make an appointment

Bulkina Maria Sergeevna

Coloproctologist, surgeon

Work experience: 11 years

Dunaysky, 47

Dunayskaya metro station

Vyborgskoe shosse, 17

Prosveshcheniya metro station 9000 3

Make an appointment

Grinevich Vladimir Stanislavovich

Surgeon, oncologist, mammologist, coloproctologist

Work experience: 27 years

Vyborgskoe shosse, 17

m.
Klyuev Andrey

Operating proctologist

Work experience: 16 years

Malaya Balkanskaya, 23

Kupchino metro station

Make an appointment

Nekrasov Roman Aleksandrovich

Coloproctologist and surgeon

Work experience: 8 years

Udarnikov, 19

Ladozhskaya metro station

Marshala Zakharov, 20

Leninsky pr. -t

Make an appointment

Petrova Vitalina Vasilievna

Operating proctologist

Work experience: 12 years

Vyborgskoe shosse, 17

Prospekt Prosveshcheniya metro station

Make an appointment

Senko Vladimir Vladimirovich

Head of the Center for Surgery and Oncology

Work experience: 23 years Leninsky Prospekt

Vyborgskoe shosse, 17

m Prospect Prosveshcheniya

Make an appointment

Sinyagina (Nazarova) Maria Andreevna

Surgeon, proctologist

Work experience: 8 years

Marshala Zakharova, 20

06
Sokolova Anna Sergeevna

Coloproctologist, surgeon. Candidate of Medical Sciences.

Work experience: 13 years

Malaya Balkanskaya, 23

Kupchino metro station

Make an appointment

Sol Anton Aleksandrovich

Work experience: 15 years

Vyborgskoye shosse, 17

metro Prosveshcheniya

Make an appointment

Fomenko Nikolai Aleksandrovich

Surgeon, proctologist, oncologist

Work experience: 15 years

Marshal Zakharova, 20

m. Leninsky pr-t

Sign up for reception

Khangireev Alexander Bakhytovich

Surgeon, oncologist, coloproctologist

Work experience: 13 years

Udarnikov, 19

Ladozhskaya metro station

Dunaiskiy, 47

Dunaiskaya metro station

Make an appointment

Khokhlov Sergey Viktorovich

Surgeon, oncologist, coloproctologist

Work experience: 28 years old

Vyborg highway, 17

m. Prospekt Prospect

Sign up for reception

Chuprina Susanna Vladimirovna

Coloproctologist of the highest category

Work experience: 22 years

Udarnikov, 19

Ladozhskaya metro station

Make an appointment

Yalda Ksenia Davidovna

Coloproctologist

Work experience: 11 years

Malaya Balkanskaya, 23

Kupchino metro station

Make an appointment

Hide the list 90 003

Our offices in St.