What are pubic lice and how do they spread. How can you identify if you have crabs. What are the most effective natural treatments for pubic lice. How long does it take to get rid of crabs naturally. What precautions should you take to prevent reinfestation. How can you clean your environment to eliminate pubic lice. When should you seek medical help for pubic lice infestation.

Understanding Pubic Lice: Causes, Symptoms, and Identification

Pubic lice, commonly known as crabs, are tiny parasitic insects that infest the pubic hair area. These minuscule creatures, measuring about 1.5 to 2 mm in length, feed on human blood and can cause significant discomfort. While they primarily inhabit pubic hair, they can also be found in other coarse body hair, including chest hair, armpit hair, and occasionally facial hair and eyelashes.

What causes pubic lice infestations? The most common transmission route is through intimate sexual contact. However, it’s important to note that pubic lice can also spread through close physical contact or by sharing personal items such as towels, bedding, or clothing with an infested person.

Recognizing the Symptoms of Pubic Lice

How can you tell if you have pubic lice? The most common symptoms include:

• Intense itching in the pubic area
• Visible lice or eggs (nits) in pubic hair
• Small, red or blue spots on the skin
• Dark or bluish spots on the thighs or lower abdomen
• Fever or irritability (in severe cases)

If you suspect you have pubic lice, conduct a thorough examination of the affected area using a magnifying glass. Look for tiny, grayish-white eggs attached to the hair shafts or moving lice on the skin.

Natural Remedies for Pubic Lice: Safe and Effective Solutions

While over-the-counter medications are commonly used to treat pubic lice, many individuals prefer natural remedies. These alternatives can be effective when used correctly and consistently. Here are some natural methods to combat pubic lice:

1. Tea Tree Oil Treatment

Tea tree oil possesses potent antiseptic and insecticidal properties, making it an excellent natural remedy for pubic lice. How do you use tea tree oil to treat crabs?

1. Mix 1-2 tablespoons of tea tree oil with 1/2 cup of olive oil or coconut oil
2. Apply the mixture to the affected area, ensuring complete coverage
3. Leave on for 30-60 minutes
4. Rinse thoroughly and comb through the hair to remove dead lice and eggs
5. Repeat daily for 1-2 weeks

It’s crucial to note that tea tree oil can cause skin irritation in some individuals. Always perform a patch test before applying it to larger areas.

2. Neem Oil Application

Neem oil, derived from the neem tree, has been used for centuries in traditional medicine due to its insecticidal and antimicrobial properties. How can you use neem oil to eliminate pubic lice?

• Mix equal parts neem oil and coconut oil
• Apply the mixture to the affected area before bedtime
• Leave on overnight and rinse in the morning
• Use a fine-toothed comb to remove dead lice and eggs
• Continue this treatment for 7-10 days

3. Vinegar and Salt Solution

A vinegar and salt solution can help loosen the nits from hair shafts, making them easier to remove. How do you prepare and use this natural remedy?

1. Mix 1/4 cup of vinegar with 1/4 cup of warm water and 2 tablespoons of salt
2. Apply the solution to the affected area and leave for 30 minutes
3. Rinse thoroughly with warm water
4. Use a nit comb to remove loosened eggs and dead lice
5. Repeat this process every 3 days for 2 weeks

4. Anise Oil Treatment

Anise oil has been shown to have pediculicidal (lice-killing) properties. How can you use anise oil to combat pubic lice?

• Mix 10 drops of anise oil with 2 tablespoons of olive oil
• Apply the mixture to the affected area and cover with a shower cap
• Leave on for 8 hours or overnight
• Wash the area thoroughly and comb to remove dead lice and eggs
• Repeat daily for 7-10 days

Enhancing Natural Treatments: Complementary Measures for Pubic Lice Elimination

While natural remedies can be effective, it’s essential to complement them with additional measures to ensure complete eradication of pubic lice. What steps should you take alongside natural treatments?

Thorough Cleaning and Sanitization

How long can pubic lice survive on clothes and bedding? While adult lice typically die within 1-2 days off the human body, their eggs can survive for up to 10 days. To prevent reinfestation, it’s crucial to clean and sanitize your environment:

• Wash all clothing, bedding, and towels used in the past 2-3 days in hot water (at least 130°F) and dry on high heat for at least 20 minutes
• Dry clean items that can’t be machine washed, or seal them in plastic bags for 2 weeks
• Vacuum carpets, upholstered furniture, and car seats thoroughly
• Soak combs, brushes, and hair accessories in hot water (at least 130°F) for 5-10 minutes

Proper Hair Removal Techniques

While shaving alone is not an effective treatment for pubic lice, it can complement other natural remedies. How should you approach hair removal when dealing with pubic lice?

1. Trim pubic hair short using scissors before applying any treatments
2. After completing a full course of natural treatment, consider shaving the affected area to remove any remaining eggs
3. If shaving, use a clean, disinfected razor and shaving cream to minimize skin irritation
4. Dispose of the razor after use to prevent reinfestation

Preventing Reinfestation: Essential Steps for Long-Term Success

Successfully treating pubic lice is only half the battle. How can you prevent reinfestation and ensure long-term freedom from crabs?

Partner Notification and Simultaneous Treatment

To break the cycle of infestation, it’s crucial to inform sexual partners and anyone with whom you’ve had close physical contact in the past month. Why is this step so important?

• Asymptomatic partners may unknowingly harbor lice and reinfect you
• Simultaneous treatment reduces the risk of passing lice back and forth
• Open communication helps prevent the spread of pubic lice to others

Abstaining from Intimate Contact

How long should you avoid sexual contact after treating pubic lice? It’s recommended to abstain from intimate physical contact until:

1. You’ve completed the full course of treatment
2. No live lice are visible upon careful inspection
3. All partners have been treated and are also lice-free

Typically, this means avoiding sexual contact for at least 7-10 days after starting treatment.

Monitoring and Follow-Up: Ensuring Complete Eradication

How can you be sure that your natural treatment for pubic lice has been successful? Follow these steps to monitor your progress and ensure complete eradication:

Regular Self-Examinations

• Conduct daily self-checks for at least two weeks after treatment
• Use a magnifying glass and bright light to inspect the pubic area thoroughly
• Look for any signs of live lice or newly laid eggs

Comb-Outs

Perform regular comb-outs to remove any remaining nits or lice:

1. Use a fine-toothed nit comb on wet hair
2. Comb through small sections of hair, wiping the comb on a white tissue to check for lice or eggs
3. Repeat every 2-3 days for at least two weeks

When to Seek Medical Help: Recognizing the Limits of Natural Remedies

While natural treatments can be effective for many cases of pubic lice, there are situations where medical intervention may be necessary. When should you consult a healthcare professional?

Persistent Infestations

If you’ve diligently applied natural remedies for two weeks and still see signs of live lice or new eggs, it’s time to seek medical help. A healthcare provider can prescribe stronger treatments or identify any underlying issues complicating the infestation.

Severe Symptoms or Complications

Consult a doctor if you experience:

• Severe itching leading to skin breaks or infections
• Fever or other systemic symptoms
• Lice infestation in eyelashes or eyebrows
• Allergic reactions to natural treatments

Special Populations

Certain groups should consult a healthcare provider before using any treatments, including natural remedies:

1. Pregnant or breastfeeding women
2. Children under 2 years old
3. Individuals with compromised immune systems
4. Those with pre-existing skin conditions

Addressing the Psychological Impact of Pubic Lice Infestations

While pubic lice are a common and treatable condition, many individuals experience significant psychological distress following an infestation. How can you address the emotional aspects of dealing with pubic lice?

Combating Stigma and Shame

It’s important to recognize that pubic lice infestations are not a reflection of personal hygiene or worth. To combat feelings of shame or embarrassment:

• Educate yourself about the prevalence and easy transmissibility of pubic lice
• Remind yourself that many people experience this condition at some point in their lives
• Focus on taking proactive steps to treat the infestation and prevent future occurrences

Seeking Support

Don’t hesitate to seek support if you’re struggling with the emotional impact of a pubic lice infestation. Consider:

1. Talking to a trusted friend or family member
2. Joining online support groups for individuals dealing with STIs or parasitic infections
3. Consulting a mental health professional if feelings of anxiety or depression persist

Remember, addressing both the physical and emotional aspects of a pubic lice infestation is crucial for overall well-being and recovery.

Where Can I Get Treated For Pubic Lice?

In This Section

• Pubic Lice (Crabs)

• What are the symptoms of pubic lice?

• Do I have pubic lice?

• How do I treat pubic lice?

• How can I prevent getting or spreading pubic lice?

Pubic lice are easy to treat — you usually don’t even need a doctor’s prescription. You can get over-the-counter pubic lice treatment at a drugstore, or from your nurse or doctor.

What’s the treatment for pubic lice?

Pubic lice treatments are easy to use and come in gels, shampoos, liquids, and foam. Most are sold over-the-counter in drugstores, so you can buy them without getting a prescription from a doctor first. Common brands are A-200, Rid, and Nix. Follow the directions that come in the package carefully. You may need to use the treatment more than once.

You can get stronger medicines for pubic lice with a prescription. If you have lice in your eyebrows or eyelashes, you need a special kind of treatment that you can only get from your nurse or doctor. If you’re pregnant or breastfeeding, talk to your nurse or doctor before using any treatment.

Anyone you’ve had intimate contact with should treat themselves at the same time, so you don’t pass crabs back and forth. Always use freshly-washed clothes, towels, and bedding after you finish treatment.

What do I need to do to get rid of pubic lice?

Even after you finish the treatment, most of the nits (lice eggs) will stay stuck to your hairs. You can pick them off with your fingernails or a fine-toothed comb.

Along with using medication, wash or dry clean all of your bedding and towels. Also wash or dry clean any clothing that you wore while you had crabs. Wash these fabrics on the hottest setting, and dry them on the hot cycle for at least 20 minutes.

You can also put fabrics that can’t be washed in a sealed bag for 2 weeks, until the crabs and their eggs die out. You can also vacuum rugs and furniture. You don’t need to call an exterminator or fumigate your home.

Tell your sexual partners and anyone else you’ve had intimate contact with during the last month that they may have crabs. You should all treat yourselves at the same time so you don’t re-infect each other. And don’t have sex or any other kind of intimate contact until everyone finishes their treatment and knows their crabs are gone for good. It’s also a good idea to get tested for other STDs.

If you still see live lice after 9-10 days, do the treatment again. And make sure you’ve washed everything you needed to, and that your sexual partners did the treatment too. If the crabs still don’t go away, talk to your nurse or doctor.

Is there a home remedy for public lice?

Home remedies like hot baths or shaving don’t work. Treatments that soothe itching (like hydrocortisone cream) can help you feel better, but they won’t cure your crabs. The only thing that will actually get rid of your crabs for good are medicines meant to kill pubic lice. 

Trying to treat your pubic lice with home remedies can make your infection worse, and waiting to treat your pubic lice can make it more likely that you’ll spread the crabs to other people. 

Pubic lice are easy to treat — you usually don’t even need a prescription. You can get over-the-counter pubic lice treatment at a drugstore, or from your nurse or doctor.

More questions from patients:

How long does pubic lice live on clothes?

Pubic lice (crabs) feed on human blood. So if one falls off your body, it usually dies within 1–2 days. However, their eggs can take about 6–10 days to hatch. So if an egg is on your clothing or bed sheets, that can cause another infection. 

To get rid of pubic lice and their eggs, machine wash and dry your clothes and bed sheets in hot water (at least 130°F) and the high heat drying cycle. Clothes and other things that aren’t washable can be dry-cleaned or sealed in a plastic bag and stored for 2 weeks (until the lice and eggs die out).

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8 Remedies and Treatments to Get Rid of Lice

Fact Checked

This Dr. Axe content is medically reviewed or fact checked to ensure factually accurate information.

With strict editorial sourcing guidelines, we only link to academic research institutions, reputable media sites and, when research is available, medically peer-reviewed studies. Note that the numbers in parentheses (1, 2, etc.) are clickable links to these studies.

The information in our articles is NOT intended to replace a one-on-one relationship with a qualified health care professional and is not intended as medical advice.

This article is based on scientific evidence, written by experts and fact checked by our trained editorial staff. Note that the numbers in parentheses (1, 2, etc.) are clickable links to medically peer-reviewed studies.

Our team includes licensed nutritionists and dietitians, certified health education specialists, as well as certified strength and conditioning specialists, personal trainers and corrective exercise specialists. Our team aims to be not only thorough with its research, but also objective and unbiased.

The information in our articles is NOT intended to replace a one-on-one relationship with a qualified health care professional and is not intended as medical advice.

By Annie Price, CHHC

April 23, 2017

If you’re wondering how to get rid of lice, I’m here to tell you that there are thankfully a lot of natural home remedies to kill lice. There are a few kinds of lice including head lice, body lice and pubic lice. While body lice and pubic lice can occur as a result of unclean living conditions and a lack of personal hygiene, head lice can happen to anyone, even the cleanest amongst us.

The CDC estimates that somewhere between six to 12 million head lice infestations happen every year among kids aged three to 11 years of age. In the United States, you’ll find the majority of head lice cases occurring in preschool and elementary school children and the people they live with. The good news is that head lice don’t carry or spread disease. But they will have their victims scratching their heads so intensely that a secondary bacterial infection can occur. This is why at the first sign of head lice, you want to spring into action to get the lice out of your or your loved one’s head, decontaminate your home and belongings, and make sure that no one else in your home gets this annoying parasitic attack. (1)

Let’s look at exactly what is lice, how to get rid of lice, and most importantly, what are the best approaches to natural head lice treatment, including the best lice-fighting essential oils.

What Are Lice?

What does lice look like? Lice are very small, parasitic insects without wings that feed on human blood. Adult head lice are are only about two to three millimeters in length. Since they don’t have wings, they don’t fly and they also don’t hop. Lice get around by crawling (this is probably making you scratch your head already, sorry!). (2)

There are a few different kinds of lice: (3)

• Head lice (Pediculus humanus capitis): This type of lice develops on the scalp and neck. The lice actually attach their eggs to the base of the hair shafts. So head lice always equates to lice in hair. Head lice is typically most obvious or visible at the nape of the neck and over the ears. An infestation with head lice is also called pediculosis.
• Body lice: These lice live in clothing and on bedding and move onto your skin to feed. Body lice most often affect people who aren’t able to bathe or launder clothing regularly, such as homeless or transient individuals.
• Pubic lice: Also called crabs, this variety of lice infestation occurs on the hair and skin of the pubic area. Less often it can occur on coarse body hair like that of the chest, eyebrows or eyelashes.

With head lice, the tiny lice actually attach their eggs, or nits, to the bottom of the hair shafts. These eggs can be difficult to see. They typically take about eight to nine days to hatch. The eggs that are most likely to hatch tend to be a quarter inch or less from where your hair comes out of the scalp. The eggs that are more than a quarter inch from the base of the hair shaft are likely to have already hatched, are dead or are empty casings. (4)

When you’re looking at how to get rid of lice, it’s important to kill both the lice and the lice eggs in order to be effective.

The better and more thoroughly you treat an outbreak of lice, the less likely it is to become a recurring problem. Figuring out how to get rid of lice naturally takes some continuous effort, but so do conventional options. Plus when it comes to how to get rid of lice naturally, you may already have many of the ingredients you need on hand. Because of this,  natural lice remedies can also be more cost-effective.

1. Wet-Combing

How to get rid of lice naturally pretty much always involves a fine tooth comb. Wet-combing is a natural lice remedy that you need to repeat every three to four days for a minimum of two weeks after you don’t see any lice present. How do you wet-comb for lice? The person with head lice needs to have their hair completely wet. It’s also a good idea to add some conditioner (ideally a natural anti-lice conditioner). Next, using a fine-tooth nit comb (available at stores and online for under five dollars) you need to comb the entire lice-infested scalp starting at the scalp to the hair ends. Conduct this careful combing at least two times during a session. (4)

It’s important to know that if your child has lice and is only two months of age or less, then you should not use any medicated lice treatment products. Also, you should only use your hands and a fine-tooth comb to remove the lice. For a child of this age, wet-combing, as I just described, is recommended every three to four days for three weeks after the sighting of the last live louse. (5)

2. Sanitize Brushes & Combs

When it comes to how to get rid of head lice, you definitely want to address the tools that have been used in a lice-ridden person’s hair, especially before and after wet-combing. So take all of the combs and brushes and wash them using very hot (130 degrees F at the lowest) water and soap. You can also soak the brushes and combs in rubbing alcohol for at least one hour. You can even do both the washing and the soaking if it makes you feel better. And to be on the safe side, include all the hair-styling tools in the household. Also include any and all objects that go into hair like barrettes, hair ties, headbands, etc.

3. Get Out the Vacuum

If you want to know how to get rid of lice naturally (or conventionally), you can’t focus only on the infected person and overlook their physical surroundings. Any good conventional or natural head lice treatment advice will include advising you to vacuum thoroughly and often during a lice outbreak and afterwards. You should give all of the floors and furniture in your home a good, thorough vacuuming. Vacuuming your furniture and floors can remove a lice-infested person’s hairs that could still have viable lice eggs attached and about to hatch. You also may want to cover furniture after vacuuming. You can use a plastic painter’s drop cloth to cover furniture for two weeks to prevent a recurrence of lice in your home. (6)

4. Wash At-Risk Items

When you learn someone in your household has lice, you need to do more than just treat the lice on the person. You also need to make sure that you wash any items that could be contaminated with lice. Not only will this help naturally treat the current lice outbreak, but it will also prevent transfer of lice to someone else or reinfestation of the same person.

What are some of the items in your home you should make sure to wash? I’m talking about clothing, bedding, blankets (not just in the bedroom) and stuffed animals. To ensure that you thoroughly de-lice these various items, make sure that you wash them in soapy water that is very hot (at least 130 degrees F). Dry them at a high heat setting until thoroughly dry, with a minimum dry time of 20 minutes. If you have anything that you can’t wash, but you think could possibly be contaminated, you can seal these things in an airtight bag for at least two weeks. (7)

5. Natural Anti-Lice Hair Products

The hair products you choose for yourself and your children can contribute significantly to your efforts when it comes to how to get rid of lice naturally. There are natural options for anti-lice shampoo, conditioner and conditioning hair sprays on the market today. I recommend finding natural anti-lice hair products that score well on EWG’s Skin Deep®  Cosmetic Database and using them as part of your lice treatment and prevention plan.

6. Lice-Killing Essential Oils

According to Mayo Clinic, clinical studies have demonstrated that some specific essential oils can have a toxic effect on lice and lice eggs. Some of top choices for anti-lice essential oils include tea tree essential oil, anise essential oil and ylang ylang essential oil. (15) Lavender and eucalyptus essential oils also have been shown to be effective.

A 2010 study found that a topical lotion that contained 10 percent tea tree oil and one percent  lavender oil resulted in a 97.6 percent elimination of lice after the final day of treatment. Meanwhile, only 25 percent of study subjects using a common conventional lice treatment containing pyrethrins and piperonyl butoxide got rid of their head lice. (8)

You can combine these lice-killing essentials oils with coconut oil for a natural anti-lice treatment. A study published in the European Journal of Pediatrics revealed that a combination of coconut oil and anise spray was a more effective natural alternative to permethrin lotion, a commonly prescribed lice treatment. While 82 percent of study subjects had success with the coconut anise mixture, only 42 percent of the permethrin users had relief. (9)

Yet another study published in the Israel Medical Association Journal found even greater success using a combination that included coconut oil, anise oil and ylang ylang oil. This mixture was applied for 15 minutes at a time three times at five day intervals. This natural lice treatment was successful in 92.3 percent of the children and caused no serious side effects. (10)

7. Oil/Smother Treatment

Many natural lice treatment plans will recommend using food items like mayonnaise and butter to smother lice. These can work. But, I recommend using something a little less messy and a lot less offensive to your sense of smell. I’m talking about multi-purpose oils like almond, coconut and olive.

First, coat the hair in the oil of choice.You can put the oil on your hair and comb it through. Or you can try coating the comb and putting it through your hair. Just choose whatever works best and gets your scalp and hair completely coated. Using hair clips, you may want to separate the hair into more manageable sections. Make sure to do this under good lighting. Rinse the comb frequently under very hot water as you’re working. Once you’ve combed out and coated all of the hair in oil, shampoo and rinse your child’s hair twice in a row. This approach is recommended every day for a week. For the two following weeks, continue to perform wet-combing (No.1 on this list) every night to make sure the lice are all gone. (11)

8. Head Lice Coconut Oil + Essential Oil Treatment Recipe

Ingredients:

• 3 tablespoons coconut oil
• 1 teaspoon each of ylang ylang, anise and tea tree oils (can swap for other anti-lice oils according to what you have on hand/what agrees with you or your child)
• 2 cups apple cider vinegar
• 1 cup water

This should be enough for shoulder-length hair, but double the recipe for longer hair.

Directions:

1. Blend the coconut oil and essential oils together.
2. Apply the oil mixture all over the scalp, massage in well and pull through the ends.
3. Comb through the hair with a fine tooth comb.
4. Cover head in a shower cap and allow to sit for 2 hours. If possible, sit in the sun or use a hair dryer to periodically warm up the cap.
5. Carefully remove shower cap, and seal in a zip-lock bag for disposal.
6. Comb hair again before washing and rinsing thoroughly, twice.
7. While hair is still wet, combine 2 cups of apple cider vinegar and 1 cup water in a small spray bottle. Saturate the hair, spraying ½ the bottle on the scalp and hair.
8. Lean over the sink and pour the remaining mixture over the hair, massaging lightly.
9. Rinse thoroughly and comb hair once again with a fine tooth comb.
10. Follow with a light application of coconut oil.  Style as desired and allow to remain on the hair until next washing.

As with most lice treatments, you need to repeat the process every five to 10 days for a couple of weeks. This helps to ensure that you eradicate all lice and their eggs. Between treatments, comb hair morning and night with a fine tooth comb, and use coconut oil as a leave-in conditioner. As coconut oil both repels and kills lice, at the first notification of a lice outbreak, start using coconut oil as a leave-in conditioner.

Lice Signs & Symptoms

If you’re wondering how to tell if you or a loved one currently has lice, these are some of the lice symptoms to be on the lookout for: (12)

• Intense itching
• A tickling feeling when hair moves.
• Seeing lice on your scalp, body, body hair or clothing.
• Finding lice eggs, which are called “nits,” on hair shafts.
• Small red bumps on the scalp, neck and shoulders.
• Irritability and difficulty sleeping (head lice are most active in the dark).
• Sores on the lice-infested area caused by scratching

So what do lice look like again? Full-grown adult lice are only around the size of a sesame seed or a little bigger. So, they can definitely be hard to spot. What about their eggs? Their egg, or nits, look similar to little pussy willow buds. They can appear yellow or white. Live nits also can appear to be the same color as the hair of the lice-infested person.

It’s important to note that lice eggs, or nits, are commonly confused with dandruff. So how do you tell the difference? While you can brush dandruff out of the hair, lice does not budge so easily and will remain in the hair/on the scalp. You might also mistake nits for scabs or droplets of hair spray.

Causes & Risk Factors

So how do you get lice? Head lice can spread extremely easily, especially among school children consistently in close contact. The number-one way that head lice spreads is through direct head-to-head contact with an infected individual. With kids, there are a lot of opportunities for this head-to-head contact on a regular basis.

It is uncommon, but the sharing of items that come in close contact with the head or body are also another way for head lice to make the rounds. This method of transmission can occur since lice crawl and lice eggs can be in hair that sheds and then the eggs hatch. Sharing combs and brushes is another way for head lice to spread. Other items that can carry and spread head lice include: barrettes, hair ribbons, hats, scarves, coats, sports uniforms, towels, blankets and stuffed animals. You can also pick up head lice by lying down on a carpet, couch, bed, pillow or blanket that a person with head lice recently spent time on. So there are many ways to pick up head lice. Thankfully, pets like dogs and cats cannot spread human lice. (13)

As I already said, head lice is not a sign that someone is dirty or not washing their hair enough. Truly anyone can get a case of head lice. But there are some groups that are more likely to contract lice. When it comes to lice risk factors, especially head lice, age is definitely a risk factor. Lice infestations are most common in young children, especially preschool and elementary school-age children. Head lice can happen to a child of any age, hair length or socioeconomic background. But, it’s more prevalent among girls than boys and it’s also more common in Caucasians than African-Americans. (14)

Now, it’s finally time to talk about how to get rid of lice. There are several conventional and natural options. And, actually, some of the natural options have even been shown to be more effective than the conventional ones.

How to Get Rid of Lice: Conventional Lice Treatment

To determine whether or not you have lice, your doctor is likely to look you over using a magnifying lens. Your doctor is also likely to employ a Wood’s light in his or her examination. This special type of light helps the doctor check for nits because it makes them appear pale blue in color. This makes them much easier to be spotted.

Do you know how to get rid of lice the conventional way? Conventional lice treatment typically includes an over-the-counter (OTC) topical medication to kill off the lice and the lice eggs. However, these medications are known to not kill off recently-laid eggs. This is why a second treatment (often nine days later) is typically needed.  If a second OTC treatment is not performed or not performed at the right time, then your doctor may suggest a stronger, prescription treatment. This prescription treatment comes with more serious side effects compared to OTC options. (15)

Examples of common OTC head lice treatment medications include permethrin (Nix) and pyrethrin with additives (Rid). Side effects of Nix can include burning, itching, numbness, rash, redness, stinging, swelling or tingling of the scalp. Pyrethrin’s additives increases its toxicity. Possible side effects of products like Rid include: skin irritation, skin rash, skin infection, sudden sneezing attacks, stuffy nose, runny nose, wheezing or difficulty breathing. (16, 17)

You should never use pyrethrin on a child with a chrysanthemum or ragweed allergy. Pyrethrin contains a chemical compound extracted from the chrysanthemum flower, a member of the ragweed family.

Precautions

Contact your health care provider if OTC or natural lice treatments do not work after two weeks or if there are signs of an infection. Symptoms of infection include pain, tenderness, redness, swelling, fever or sores that won’t heal. (18)

Never use an essential oil on your child before performing a patch test. Some children may have allergic reactions to essential oils, especially tea tree oil. If a patch test fails, then do not use that oil on your child.  

You should not cover your furniture in plastic if you have a toddler. It’s possible for him or her to become tangled in the plastic sheet and suffocate.

Not only do I advise staying away from health-hazardous fumigants, the CDC also advises “Do not use fumigant sprays or fogs; they are not necessary to control head lice and can be toxic if inhaled or absorbed through the skin.” (19) You also should never use flammable products, like gasoline or kerosene, to kill lice or to remove lice eggs.

Final Thoughts on How to Get Rid of Lice

Any parent is likely to come in contact with lice at some point since young school-age children are the most likely candidates for lice. If your child has a friend with lice or is the lice carrier, don’t panic. All respectable sources will tell you that head lice does not mean that your child is dirty, your home is dirty or you don’t wash your child’s hair enough. It’s important to remember, whether it’s your child or yourself, that lice isn’t something to be embarrassed about. It can happen to anyone. Lice is simply a very common parasitic problem and there are so many natural ways to deal with lice.

Emotionally, it’s also important for a child to know that he or she didn’t do anything wrong and that the problem might not be gone overnight, but it will be gone soon! There are several options for how to get rid of lice. It is definitely key to be patient with lice treatments. Whether natural or conventional, they often need to be carried out for weeks and repeated at certain time intervals.

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Coronavirus: why do pharmacists need the blue blood of horseshoe crabs and how will it help the Covid-19 vaccine?

July 8, 2020

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They have ten eyes, are 60 centimeters long, have lived on Earth for more than 300 million years, and they actually have pale blue blood, which is highly valued in pharmacology and saves our health .

No, this is not science fiction, but ordinary, good old science. Meet horseshoe crabs, or, as they are also called, horseshoe crabs – although, strictly speaking, they are not actually crabs, but their closest relatives are arachnids.

People are very dependent on horseshoe crabs, or rather, on their blood, which, among other things, is used to determine the purity of medicines, and now also to create a potential coronavirus vaccine.

However, every medal has a downside, in this case it is the life of the horseshoe crabs themselves, who also have their blood (in fact, hemolymph, which is actually a cross between blood and lymph).

Therefore, wildlife conservationists want to end the practice of “milking” these crabs (let’s call them that for convenience).

What are the benefits of horseshoe crabs?

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Image caption,

Some of us quite possibly owe our lives to these creatures and don’t even know it

The blood of these “living fossils” has a unique property: it coagulates when it enters even the smallest amount of pathogenic bacteria or other foreign microorganisms, turning into jelly. Thus, the immune system of horseshoe crabs protects other organs from damage.

Using an extract made from the cells of this hemolymph, testing new medical preparations, scientists can be absolutely sure that bacteria or their metabolic products have not got into them, which can then harm a person.

Only horseshoe crab blood possesses this amazing property.

Therefore, every year, thousands of these crabs are caught at sea and sent to American laboratories, where some of their blood is taken and then released into the wild.

The reagent extracted from the hemolymph of horseshoe crabs is highly valued – the cost of one liter of Limulus amebocyte lysate is about 15 thousand dollars, which makes it one of the most expensive medicines in the world.

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Image caption,

About 30% of horseshoe crab’s hemolymph is extracted in the “milking shop”

What happens to “donors” afterwards

but these animals.

At first, experts thought that almost all horseshoe crabs survived this forced donation. Another ability of these sea creatures is that they give exactly as much blood as they can give without harming their health.

However, according to recent estimates, up to 30% of individuals die as a result of this procedure.

Other studies have shown that after blood sampling, female crabs are less likely to mate.

Image copyright Getty Images

Image caption,

Scientists estimate the age of horseshoe crabs at 300-450 million years, which makes them one of the oldest species on Earth.

“Right now they are milking about half a million crabs,” lamented Dr. Barbara Brammer, who leads an environmental group in New Jersey, where most of the American horseshoe crabs are caught.

In an interview with the BBC she lamented that no one does not know exactly how blood sampling affects the future life of crabs after they are released. 0005

As a result, American horseshoe crabs are approaching the threshold beyond which they can be officially considered endangered.

At the same time, large pharmaceutical companies point to statistics, according to which the number of horseshoe crabs has remained at the same level over the past summer.

Is it possible to find an artificial substitute?

Research to create an artificial analogue of horseshoe crab hemolymph extract has been going on for a long time, but the real breakthrough came only in 2016.

Scientists have succeeded in creating a substitute that has been approved for use in Europe. Some American pharmaceutical companies have also begun to use it.

Image copyright, Getty Images

Image caption,

The blood of these “living fossils” is indeed blue due to its high copper content.

What’s the problem then?

And the fact is that in June of this year, the organization responsible for the safety of medicines in the United States (Food and Drug Administration, or FDA), said that it could not guarantee that the substitute works as reliably as like a natural product.

Therefore, all companies that sell their drugs in the US are required to use horseshoe crab blood for purity testing.

The same goes for any potential coronavirus vaccine: whoever invents it will be required to test it in the old tried and true way if they want to sell their product to millions of Americans.

Dr. Brammer wants to force the American authorities to reconsider their approach, especially since in other countries the artificial substitute is already widely used.

Image copyright, Getty Images

Image caption,

Ridley Scott may have been inspired by horseshoe crabs to create the facehugging parasitoid in Alien

“We need to stop depending on this natural source,” she says .

Some pharmaceutical companies claim they can meet the demand for a coronavirus vaccine without multiplying their crab harvest.

However, according to Barbara, there are at least 30 companies working on the vaccine, and each of them will be required to conduct testing.

“That’s why I’m very worried about horseshoe crab populations,” says Dr. Brammer. “They’re a key part of the ecosystem.”

Antidepressant crabs | Russian Geographical Society

September 5, 2022

In this material we will talk about the completely unusual consequences of our everyday actions. Pharmacology* in the hydrosphere and how it gets there.

The media are increasingly publishing shocking data on the pollution of water bodies with pharmaceutical substances. So, antidepressants, ibuprofen and antibiotics were found in the organisms of sea creatures in Antarctica. All this not only affects the physical condition of representatives of the aquatic fauna, but also the behavior of entire ecosystems. The concentration of a given substance may vary from area to area; from metropolis to metropolis.

How do all these medicines get into water bodies in such a colossal amount? The answer is simple. The source of pollution is the toilets of ordinary citizens. Many substances do not completely break down in our body and are naturally excreted into the outside world through sewers. An important role is played by a peculiar “tradition” of flushing medicines down the toilet.

In Oregon, scientists have recorded the strange behavior of crabs. They behaved very boldly, paid little attention to food, were not afraid of natural enemies and “bull” at relatives. Their dementia and courage made them easy prey for predators. In the body of arthropods found a large concentration of antidepressants.

Here is another example of the effects of massive drug consumption. British scientists conducted a large-scale study of more than 50 fresh water bodies and found that a third of male amphibians have caviar. The reason for the transgender, bisexual behavior of frogs and some types of fish turned out to be hormonal drugs that English women use in large quantities.

Based on the nature of wastewater, one can easily form a picture of the use of drugs in various regions. This is already a clear demonstration of social problems that also affect the environment.

However, the most serious problems are problems at the micro level . Many types of antibiotics are weakly susceptible to degradation under the influence of environmental factors. Antibiotics are available over-the-counter, and people use them to self-medicate at every sign of illness. As a result, tons of medicines enter water bodies, destroying the microflora of both ecosystems and animals living in them, and also kill plankton. Antibiotics in sewers affect the operation of sewage treatment plants – after all, bacteria are also used there. All these problems can affect us directly. At high concentrations of antibiotics in the environment, bacteria and microbes can adapt to their effects. As a result, when leaving the natural focus, this or that infection may already have resistance (addiction) to drugs.