11 Home Remedies for Vaginal Yeast Infection

Can garlic, vinegar, and boric acid really help remedy yeast infections? Find out the correct way to use them, when to see a doctor, and more home remedies for vaginal yeast infections.

A vaginal yeast infection (vaginal candidiasis) is a common condition caused by an overgrowth of a fungus that naturally lives in the vagina, called Candida albicans.

This overgrowth can trigger irritation, inflammation, itching, and painful discharge. Most folks with a vulva and vagina experience a yeast infection at some point during their lifetime.

If this is your first time experiencing the symptoms of a yeast infection, a good first step involves visiting a gynecologist or other healthcare professional to confirm you actually have a yeast infection and not another vaginal health condition.

Symptoms of a yeast infection

Common symptoms of vaginal yeast infections include:

• vaginal discharge, which can appear white or yellowish (it may be watery or have a clumpy texture, similar to cottage cheese)
• vaginal itching
• burning when you urinate or during sex
• pain during sex
• tenderness or swelling around the vagina
• rash

How to diagnose a yeast infection

If you’ve never had a yeast infection before, it’s best to make an appointment with a healthcare professional to get a diagnosis.

Your clinician will ask about your health history and perform a pelvic exam, which involves examining your cervix, the walls of your vagina, and the surrounding area for external signs of infection.

They’ll also recommend some treatment options if they diagnose a yeast infection.

If you’ve previously had a yeast infection and suspect you have another one, you can try several home remedies to get relief. Some of these remedies use ingredients you might already have in your home.

Just keep in mind that the effectiveness of these remedies can vary, and evidence for their success remains mostly anecdotal.

Below, we’ll explore 11 home remedies for yeast infections and how they work.

1. Greek yogurt

Probiotics can be effective againstC. Albicans — and yogurt can be considered a probiotic because it contains live bacteria, such as Lactobacillus acidophilus. These bacteria help promote a healthy environment in your vagina, and they can help address an overgrowth caused by an imbalance.

A 2017 study suggests that eating yogurt helps expand your gut microbiome, which can help reduce yeast in your body. If you don’t like yogurt, you can take a probiotic supplement or try other probiotic foods.

When it comes to using yogurt for a yeast infection, opt for plain Greek yogurt. Make sure the yogurt doesn’t contain any added sugar, flavoring, or fruit. Added sugar can fuel the growth of the Candida fungus.

To reap the benefits, try:

• eating the yogurt
• applying it to your vulva around your vagina
• inserting it vaginally using a clean tampon applicator or your fingers

Try these products

• 365 by Whole Foods Market Organic Greek Yogurt Plain
• Chobani Non-Fat Plain Greek Yogurt

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2. Boric acid

Boric acid is a powerful antiseptic, and some people claim it can help clear up yeast infections resistant to other remedies.

Boric acid vaginal suppositories may be used in combination with medications to treat vaginal infections.

However, boric acid is toxic in large amounts. It can lead to kidney damage, acute circulatory system failure, or death if you absorb too much. Avoid using boric acid on broken skin, and never take it orally.

If you’re pregnant, don’t use boric acid in any form. You may also want to consider another remedy if you have sensitive skin.

Discontinue use if you notice any discomfort.

Try these products

• Love Wellness The Killer Boric Acid Suppositories
• The Honey Pot Company Boric Acid & Herbs Suppositories

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3. Essential oil of oregano

Oil of oregano isn’t the same as common oregano, or Origanum marjoram, which you’ll usually find in your grocery store’s spice section.

To ease a yeast infection, search for oregano oil made from wild oregano, or Origanum vulgare.

A 2017 study suggests oregano essential oil may prove effective for altering the growth of C. Albicans.

To use, mix three to five drops of essential oil per ounce of carrier oil, such as olive or sweet almond oil. Then, apply it to your skin by massaging or inhaling it using a diffuser. Don’t apply this essential oil near your vagina.

Never ingest essential oils. Essential oils are meant to be inhaled as part of aromatherapy, or diluted with massage oil to use during massage. They’re also not meant to be used internally–external use only!

Try these products

• Plant Therapy Oregano Essential Oil

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4. Probiotic suppositories and supplements

Probiotics can help restore the bacteria-yeast balance throughout your body.

Taking oral probiotics that contain strains of the Lactobacillus acidophilus bacteria can offer a number of health benefits, including helping bring your digestive tract and vaginal flora back into alignment.

Oral supplements can take several days to a few weeks to reach full effect, so some people use probiotics as vaginal suppositories to get results more quickly.

Evidence suggests probiotic suppositories can also help treat bacterial vaginosis (BV).

Try these products

• Uqora Promote
• FloraFemme Homeopathic Vaginal Probiotic Suppository

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5. Coconut oil

Coconut oil is a fatty oil derived from the flesh of the coconut. The oil has many health benefits, including antifungal properties.

Research suggests coconut oil is effective against C. Albicans, making this home remedy one of the few with supportive evidence behind it.

To treat a vaginal yeast infection using coconut oil, be sure to buy pure, organic coconut oil. You can apply the oil directly to the affected area.

Try these products

• Coco & Co.’s Pure Coconut Oil
• Okay 100% Pure Coconut Oil

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6. Tea tree oil

Tea tree oil is an essential oil used to help kill fungi, bacteria, and viruses. In fact, research supports tea tree oil’s antifungal properties.

Research from 2016 suggests a combination of probiotics and vaginal suppositories containing tea tree oil may help treat vaginal infections.

More recent lab findings continue to support the antimicrobial activities of tea tree oil.

Tea tree oil is an incredibly powerful essential oil. So, you’ll always want to make sure you dilute it with a carrier oil, such as jojoba or coconut oil, if it’s going to touch your skin — undiluted tea tree oil should never touch your skin. And just as a reminder, essential oils should never be used internally!

If you can, opt to purchase prepared tea tree vaginal suppositories — this is the safest option.

Only use tea tree oil occasionally, and never swallow it. If you have sensitive skin, you’ll generally want to avoid using tea tree oil. Discontinue use if you experience any discomfort or irritation after using it.

Try these products

• NutraBlast Tea Tree Oil Suppositories
• Maple Holistics Tea Tree Essential Oil

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7.

Apple cider vinegar

One popular yeast infection remedy is an apple cider vinegar bath.

Vinegar has many medicinal uses, some more supported by research than others.

But when you add a half cup of apple cider vinegar to a lukewarm bathtub and soak for 20 minutes, the acidic component of the vinegar may help eliminate any harmful microorganisms, including yeast.

An apple cider vinegar bath is not the same as douching, which aims to flush out all bacteria (good and bad) from your vagina. Douching leaves you more prone to a recurrence of the yeast infection, so avoid douching with apple cider vinegar — or any other substance.

You’ll want to dilute vinegar in water before it touches your skin. In addition, you could also try adding apple cider vinegar to your diet.

Try this product

• Bragg Organic Apple Cider Vinegar

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8. Garlic

Evidence suggests garlic may also help kill Candida, though some strains may prove more effective than others.

While more studies are needed, research from 2019 examined the effect of using a garlic solution on sores of the mouth and found it could effectively help curb the growth of Candida. That said, garlic was less effective than nystatin (Nystop), an antifungal medication.

If you want to try garlic to treat a yeast infection, it’s best to simply add more garlic to your diet.

Some websites recommend inserting garlic into your vagina, but we do not recommend this approach. That’s because the active compounds in garlic can cause burns and pain when applied to your skin or mucosa. Mucosa, or mucous membrane, is the type of moist tissue that lines your mouth, and yes, the walls of your vagina.

9. Hydrogen peroxide

Hydrogen peroxide is an antiseptic that can kill bacteria and yeast. Lactobacillus bacteria in your vagina produce hydrogen peroxide as part of natural biological activity.

Some people swear by using hydrogen peroxide topically when they get a yeast infection.

Adding it to a bath or diluting in water before applying to your skin may help with yeast growing on the genitals. You can dilute by combining equal amounts of water and hydrogen peroxide.

Just keep in mind that hydrogen peroxide may not work on every species of yeast, and no strong research supports the use of hydrogen peroxide to treat vaginal infections.

Always avoid douching with hydrogen peroxide, never use hydrogen peroxide internally, and avoid using it for an extended period of time.

Try these products

• Medline Hydrogen Peroxide
• Swan Hydrogen Peroxide Topical Solution

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10. Vitamin C

Vitamin C is an immune system booster that also has a role in skin health. A strong immune system allows your body to bring itself back into balance.

Vitamin C, also called ascorbic acid, has antimicrobial components, so some people add it to their diet to treat Candida overgrowths.

Try increasing your intake of vitamin C to boost your body’s ability to beat the yeast infection. Don’t apply the acidic vitamin C to the sensitive vaginal tissue.

Try these products

• Nature’s Bounty Vitamin C, 500 mg
• Nature Made Extra Strength Vitamin C Chewable, 1,000 mg

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11. Vitamin E

Some doctors recommend vitamin E for certain types of vaginal inflammation. In fact, lab research suggests vitamin E can help reduce inflammation caused by Candida albicans.

Evidence also suggests vitamin E suppositories may help address atrophic vaginitis (aka, vaginal atrophy), which is the thinning of the vaginal walls caused by a lack of estrogen. Atrophic vaginitis causes changes to the vagina’s acidic environment, increasing the risk for bacterial and yeast infections.

You can also purchase vitamin E suppositories intended for vaginal use, or apply vitamin E oil to your vulva or vagina. Vitamin E may help soothe itching, burning, and inflammation.

If vitamin E doesn’t seem to help, a good next step involves asking a healthcare professional for more guidance.

Try these products

• Nature Made Vitamin E, 180 mg
• Femally Organic Vitamin E Melts Vaginal Moisturizing Suppositories, 14 count

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The main cause of a yeast infection is the overgrowth of yeast on an area of the body.

You could get a yeast infection for any number of reasons, including:

• Hormones: Changes during pregnancy, nursing, your menstrual cycle, or menopause can change the balance of yeast in your vagina.
• Sex: Yeast can be passed from person to person during physical sexual contact. Plus, sexual intercourse can change the bacterial balance of your vagina.
• Diabetes: An increase in sugar in the mucus membranes of your vagina can create a place for yeast to grow.
• Antibiotics: These drugs can kill off many of the “good” bacteria that live in your vagina.
• Douches and vaginal sprays: These products can change the balance of yeast in your vagina.
• A weakened immune system: If you are HIV-positive or have another immune system disorder, the yeast may also grow uncontrolled.

Interested in other vaginal health products?

We’ve got you covered. Our reviews and comparisons cover the top products for sexual wellness, total-body health, and more so you can find what’s right for you.

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It may take several days to notice results when using a home remedy to improve your yeast infection.

It’s always wise to connect with a healthcare professional if your symptoms get worse or if you notice new symptoms appear at any time during treatment. You’ll also want to make an appointment if you have persistent irritation that’s separate from yeast infection symptoms.

If your infection goes away with a home remedy but then returns, it’s best to contact a doctor for advice. You may need a prescription-strength treatment to get rid of the infection for good.

Keep in mind that some yeast infections can be severe. You’ll typically want to make a doctor’s appointment if:

• you’re pregnant
• you’ve had more than four yeast infections over the last year
• you have a weakened immune system from medications
• you have uncontrolled diabetes
• you have HIV
• you’re experiencing redness, swelling, or itching severe enough to create sores or tears in your vaginal tissue

For more serious yeast infections, your doctor may recommend:

• several doses of fluconazole, an oral tablet or suspension used to treat candidiasis, a fungal infection
• treatment with a topical antifungal medication, like miconazole (Monistat)
• a prescription suppository or tablet vaginal treatment, like terconazole (Terazol)

These tips may help prevent future yeast infections:

• Limit the amount of sugar and processed foods you consume. Yeast thrives on sugar.
• Include yogurt or supplements with Lactobacillus in your diet.
• Wear loose-fitting, cotton underwear. When doing laundry, wash them in hot water, using mild, unscented detergent.
• Avoid spending extended periods of time wearing wet bottoms or bathing suits. Yeast grows in warm, moist environments.
• Only use antibiotics when necessary.
• Don’t use douches unless advised by a doctor, and avoid vaginal deodorant sprays and scented vaginal lotions. These products may alter the balance of good bacteria and yeast in your vagina.

What is the fastest way to get rid of a yeast infection?

The fastest — and most reliable — way to get rid of a yeast infection is to visit a doctor if you suspect you have one. They will likely prescribe fluconazole, an oral treatment that may take 1 week to get rid of the infection.

Can yeast infections go away on their own?

A mild yeast infection may go away on its own, but this is rare. It’s always a good idea to treat a yeast infection, even if it’s mild. If yeast infections are not treated properly, they’re more likely to return.

What happens if a yeast infection is left untreated?

It may go away, but it is likely to return. Your symptoms may also get worse without treatment.

How do I know if it’s a yeast infection or a urinary tract infection (UTI)?

Yeast infections and UTIs occur in the same area, but they have very different symptoms.

With a vaginal yeast infection, you may have unusual, generally odorless, vaginal discharge that has a thick and milky appearance. You may also have pain or itchiness in your genital area.

With a UTI, you may notice pain and burning when urinating and foul-smelling urine, as well as fever, chills, nausea, and pain in your pelvis.

What is the difference between a yeast infection and bacterial vaginosis?

BV and vaginal yeast infections have similar symptoms, but different causes and treatments. Both cause inflammation of the vagina, or vaginitis.

One of the differences between BV and a yeast infection is that BV produces a foul-smelling, fishy odor, while a yeast infection produces no vaginal odor. Additionally, a yeast infection may cause redness and inflammation of the vulva, while BV doesn’t produce such symptoms.

To determine whether a vaginal infection is BV or a yeast infection, a doctor may:

• ask about your medical history, including previous vaginal infections
• perform an examination to look for signs of infection and vaginal discharge
• take a sample of the discharge for analysis to check for an overgrowth of harmful bacteria or fungi
• test the pH of your vagina — a pH of 4.5 or above can point to BV

Can I take over-the-counter (OTC) medicine for my yeast infection?

Yes. Most simple vaginal yeast infections improve with OTC vaginal creams or suppositories. You can find these products in 1-day, 3-day, and 7-day treatments.

Home remedies may or may not work to treat a yeast infection. If you use herbs, supplements, or essential oils, be aware that the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) doesn’t monitor these for safety, purity, and quality. That’s why it’s always best to purchase them from a reputable source.

The effectiveness of a home remedy varies depending on the person, the severity of your infection, and the quality of the treatment used. For recurring vaginal infections, talk with a doctor about additional natural approaches to prevention and treatment. It’s also best to consult a healthcare professional if you’ve never had a yeast infection before.

Keep in mind that any product, natural or otherwise, may irritate sensitive vaginal skin. Stop using the remedy and call a doctor if you experience any irritation or discomfort.

Have There Ever Been Deaths from Boric Acid Suppositories?

While ingesting boric acid suppositories is dangerous and potentially fatal, using a suppository vaginally and as directed won’t cause death. You may experience mild side effects, though.

Boric acid is a chemical that’s been used to treat some types of vaginal infections. It’s available in several forms, including suppositories that you place into your vagina.

You may have heard that you can become very sick or potentially die from boric acid. Because of this, you may be wondering whether boric acid suppositories are actually safe to use.

There have been no deaths reported from using boric acid suppositories. While boric acid can indeed be toxic when ingested orally, vaginal applications are considered to be safe.

Continue reading to learn more about the safety of boric acid suppositories and more.

A quick internet search may bring up some concern about the safety of boric acid suppositories.

But while boric acid suppositories can cause mild side effects, no serious side effects or deaths have been reported.

Important safety information

While swallowing a boric acid suppository is very dangerous, inserting one labeled for vaginal application into the vagina is generally considered safe.

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Is boric acid toxic?

When consumed by mouth, boric acid is toxic and can potentially lead to death. Deaths due to accidental boric acid ingestion have been reported in both adults and children.

A 2011 statement from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) notes that ingesting about 30 grams of boric acid in a short period of time is toxic to humans and can eventually result in death.

This is much more than the amount of boric acid that’s in a boric acid suppository, which is typically 600 milligrams.

Because suppositories may appear similar to a pill that you take orally, there is the risk that they could be accidentally swallowed.

Swallowing a boric acid suppository is dangerous, but using one as labeled for vaginal application is generally safe.

Side effects of using boric acid vaginal suppositories as directed tend to be mild. They can include things like vaginal irritation or discharge.

Boric acid and reproductive health

Because boric acid suppositories are inserted into the vagina, another concern related to them has to do with their potential effect on reproductive health.

Studies in animals have found that when taken orally, boric acid can affect fertility in male animals and affect a developing fetus in female animals. However, studies in humans haven’t returned the same results.

A 2020 research review examined the animal studies discussed above and compared them with studies in humans who are regularly exposed to high levels of boron, the key element in boric acid, in the environment.

Overall, researchers found that:

• So far, studies of human exposure to high levels of boron haven’t produced the same reproductive effects that have been observed in animals.
• Even the highest levels of environmental boron exposure were too low to reach blood and tissue levels that would have harmful effects on human reproduction.

Symptoms of boric acid poisoning

Boric acid suppositories can appear similar to pills that you’d take orally. If you or someone else accidentally swallows a boric acid suppository, call 911 or local emergency services.

Some symptoms of boric acid poisoning include:

• abdominal pain
• nausea or vomiting
• diarrhea
• headaches
• feeling weak or lethargic
• tremors
• restlessness

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Boric acid has been used, either alone or with other medications, to treat some types of recurrent vaginal infections, such as yeast infections and bacterial vaginosis. (A recurrent infection is an infection that continues to return, despite treatment.)

A 2011 research review looked at 14 studies comparing boric acid with other treatments for recurrent yeast infections. The included studies were clinical trials, case series, and case studies. Researchers found that boric acid had a cure rate of 40 to 100 percent, depending on the study.

Research into boric acid for bacterial vaginosis is more limited. To date, one clinical trial has been performed on boric acid for bacterial vaginosis, although others have been proposed.

In the 2009 trial, participants were given oral nitroimidazole, an antimicrobial drug used to treat vaginal infections, followed by boric acid suppositories.

Cure rates were between 88 and 92 percent after this treatment. However, the infection returned in many participants over the course of several weeks.

Some more research has also found that boric acid may help treat infections with Trichomonas vaginalis that are difficult to treat. T. vaginalis is the organism that causes trichomoniasis, a sexually transmitted infection (STI).

How exactly does boric acid work?

It’s unclear how boric acid works to treat vaginal infections. It’s believed that it may work through disrupting fungal and bacterial growth.

It may also prevent these organisms from forming biofilms. Biofilms are a group of microorganisms organized within a sticky matrix. Organisms that have formed a biofilm can be harder to treat with some types of medications.

New boric acid-based therapies for vaginal infections

A novel boric acid-based therapy appears to be safe and effective in clinical trials. It’s called TOL-463. TOL-463 is made of boric acid and another chemical called EDTA, which can enhance the activity of boric acid.

A 2018 paper reported the results of a phase 2 clinical trial of TOL-463 for the treatment of yeast infections and bacterial vaginosis. The trial had 106 participants who took TOL-463 once per day for a week.

Researchers found that a TOL-463 vaginal insert had a cure rate of 92 percent for yeast infections and 59 percent for bacterial vaginosis. The researchers note that this was comparable to the cure rates of other approved treatments for these conditions.

Additionally, side effects were mild and mainly included vaginal irritation. No serious or severe side effects were observed.

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Using boric acid suppositories is associated with a few side effects. These are generally mild and can include:

• vaginal burning
• watery vaginal discharge
• vaginal redness

If you’re using boric acid suppositories to treat a vaginal infection and experience significant discomfort, stop using them and contact your doctor for other treatment options.

Additionally, if you’ve been using boric acid suppositories and your infection isn’t getting better or gets worse, contact your doctor for a different treatment option.

Avoid having vaginal intercourse while you’re using boric acid suppositories.

It may also be a good idea to avoid receiving oral sex to reduce the risk of your partner ingesting boric acid that may still be present in or around your vagina.

Boric acid products and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

It’s likely you’ll notice that boric acid suppositories are marketed as a homeopathic product. It’s important to know that homeopathic products, including boric acid suppositories, aren’t currently approved by the FDA.

This means that the FDA hasn’t reviewed these products for their safety and effectiveness in treating specific health conditions before they entered the market.

Because of this, it’s important to talk with your doctor before using any homeopathic product, including boric acid suppositories.

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Because studies into the reproductive effects of boric acid are ongoing, avoid boric acid suppositories if you’re:

• pregnant
• planning to become pregnant
• breastfeeding

Additionally, avoid using boric acid suppositories if you:

• currently have vaginal bleeding, open cuts, or sores in or around your vagina
• have or suspect that you have an STI or pelvic inflammatory disease
• are currently experiencing symptoms that could indicate a more serious condition, such as fever, chills, or nausea and vomiting
• have certain underlying health conditions, such as diabetes or a weakened immune system
• are currently taking blood-thinning medications

Boric acid typically appears as an odorless white powder. It can be naturally found in the environment in:

• rocks
• soil
• water
• plants

Additionally, boric acid is used in various commercial products, such as:

• pesticides
• plant fertilizers
• household cleaning products
• laundry detergents
• personal care products

Boric acid was first used as an antiseptic in 1873. Since then, it has continued to be used for various vaginal infections.

Because boric acid is naturally found in the environment, many people consider it to be a “greener” option for treating vaginal infections. But this isn’t entirely true.

One of the main sources of boron and boric acid is the mining of minerals that have a high boron content. Not only does mining consume a lot of resources, but it can also introduce pollutants into the environment.

Boric acid suppositories can be used to treat some types of recurrent vaginal infections. Examples include yeast infections and bacterial vaginosis.

Using boric acid suppositories as labeled is generally safe. Side effects are mild and may include vaginal irritation and discharge. No serious side effects or deaths have been reported.

Boric acid is toxic when ingested by mouth, though. Boric acid poisoning can lead to serious symptoms and can be fatal. Because of this, always keep boric acid suppositories separate from oral medications to avoid accidental ingestion.

There are some people who should avoid using boric acid suppositories. If you’re interested in using boric acid suppositories or have questions or concerns, speak with your doctor first.

Effective vaginal and thrush preparations for women

Authors of the article

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Thrush

Saprykina Lyudmila Vitalievna

Candidate of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Russian National Research Medical University. N.I. Pirogova, obstetrician-gynecologist of the highest qualification category.

Thrush or vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is a disease that occurs at least once in 75% of females, and more than once in 40-50% of women of reproductive age. As a rule, thrush occurs in an acute form, but in 10% of cases it becomes recurrent. Viral infections play a significant role in the development of relapses. Often, genital viral infections are asymptomatic, while viruses can create favorable conditions for the development of inflammatory diseases. The reason for this is viral-fungal and viral-bacterial associations, which significantly disrupt the local immunity of the vagina. It should be understood that until local immunity and microflora are restored, it is unlikely to get rid of the disease forever. The “vicious circle” of inflammation will start again and again every time a woman’s body is exposed to provoking factors.

What is candidiasis?

Thrush is a lesion of the genital mucosa caused by a fungus of the genus Candida. Vulvovaginal candidiasis received this name due to the fact that during the intensive reproduction of a unicellular fungus, a whitish coating is created on the surface of the vulva and vaginal mucosa.

The following microorganisms are of clinical importance:

• Candida albicans (from albus – white) – is the causative agent of thrush in 90% of cases.
• Candida non-albicans – cause a similar clinic, but due to structural features, this group of fungi is resistant to classical antimycotic drugs, which complicates the treatment process.

The fungus begins to actively multiply when a woman’s immunity decreases or the composition of the vaginal microflora is disturbed.

Clinic

Vulvovaginal candidiasis is accompanied by itching, burning and pathological discharge.

Additional signs that indicate the presence of thrush include:

• increased itching after sports or water activities;
• redness and swelling of the skin, vulvar mucosa;
• discomfort and burning when urinating;
• pain during intercourse, increased itching after intimacy.

Diagnosis

If a woman is concerned about burning, itching and vaginal discharge of a white or yellowish tint, it is necessary to consult a gynecologist. He will conduct a survey, examination and take a vaginal swab to determine the causative agent of the infection. With light microscopy, yeast fungi with pseudomycelium can be detected. In some cases, such as when a clinician suspects Candida non-albicans VVC, the laboratory cultures this fungus in special media (eg, Sabouraud’s medium, which uses maltose or dextrose) to identify the pathogen and determine susceptibility to specific antimycotic drugs. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method is also used, which detects the DNA of the pathogen. An additional PCR study for viruses makes it possible to detect viral-fungal associations, the treatment of which necessarily involves local antiviral and immunostimulating therapy. Otherwise, a sluggish inflammatory process in the vagina will provoke relapses of thrush.

How to treat thrush?

Depending on the severity of the course, the frequency of relapses, previous treatment and its effectiveness, as well as the sensitivity of the detected fungus to antifungal drugs, the doctor individually selects etiotropic (antifungal) therapy. Antimycotics directly affect the pathogen, can cause the death of fungi and disrupt the process of their division. Antifungal drugs are of general and local action.

Systemic agents against candidiasis

Systemic drugs are used for recurrent thrush. They are presented as tablets or capsules that the patient takes orally. For the treatment of complicated candidiasis, intravenous antimycotics may be prescribed. Drugs of general action enter the bloodstream and are carried with the blood to all organs and tissues. In drugs that have an effect on the whole body, the following active substances are often present:

• fluconazole;
• nystatin.

They contribute to the eradication of the pathogen.

To quickly get rid of the symptoms of thrush, it is recommended to additionally use drugs with a local anti-inflammatory and healing effect. For these purposes, Epigen Intim Spray is well suited. It helps relieve burning sensation, itching, inflammation and stimulates local immunity in the vagina.

Vaginal preparations for thrush

Topical antifungals are used to treat acute or recurrent uncomplicated candidiasis. They act directly on the infection locally in the affected area, i.e. on the skin and vaginal mucosa. The drugs are presented in several dosage forms:

• Vaginal tablets are convenient and have no systemic side effects. Intravaginal tablets act locally, preventing the growth of the fungus on the skin and vaginal mucosa.
• Vaginal suppositories – suppositories are suitable for the treatment of almost all types of VVC, except for severe ones, when a systemic effect is needed. It should be noted that candles based on oil components can violate the integrity of latex contraceptives (condoms and diaphragms).
• Creams and ointments are equally common forms of remedies for thrush.

Among local antimycotics in Russia, the following active substances are most often used:

• ketoconazole;
• natamycin;
• clotrimazole;
• miconazole;
• sertaconazole;
• nystatin;
• fenticonazole;
• econazole.

Vaginal antifungal agents for thrush successfully fight the pathogen, however, for the fastest possible relief of the patient’s condition in the acute phase of the disease, additional anti-inflammatory and healing therapy is necessary. At the same time, to prevent relapses, especially those caused by viral-bacterial associations, drug support for local immunity and antiviral treatment are recommended. Epigen Intim Spray has a complex effect in these areas due to the active ingredient of the drug – glycyrrhizic acid. The unique method of its activation, created by the developers of the drug, significantly enhances the therapeutic effects of the active substance:

• acceleration of the regeneration of damaged tissues;
• reduction of inflammation;
• increased local immunity;
• antiviral action – the fight against viral-fungal associations;
• elimination of itching, burning, dryness.

The drug accumulates in the lesions, while it penetrates into the systemic circulation slowly – the drug is found in the blood only in trace amounts. Can be used by pregnant women and during breastfeeding. The spray is equipped with nozzles for intravaginal and external use, which makes its use as convenient as possible.

When the body is weakened or exposed to factors that disrupt the normal microflora of the vagina, local antifungal drugs are prescribed as part of preventive measures. The preventive use of Epigen Intim spray will help to strengthen protection against recurrence of thrush. Its use is indicated when taking antibiotics, weakening the body after hypothermia, respiratory viral infections, stress, while traveling.

Treatment of recurrent VVC

Restoring the protective properties of the immune system is especially important in the diagnosed chronic course of candidiasis. One of the frequent causes of a decrease in local immunity and subsequent relapse of thrush is viral-fungal associations, therefore, in the treatment of recurrent candidiasis, it is important to prescribe antiviral therapy. Activated glycyrrhizic acid in the composition of the Epigen Intim spray actively fights viruses, including mutant strains against which classical antiviral drugs are ineffective.

In addition to the main treatment, after relief of acute symptoms, a woman is prescribed therapy aimed at preventing relapses. As part of the complex treatment, Epigen Intim Spray is prescribed for the following purposes:

• Quick relief from discomfort, reduction of inflammation and acceleration of regenerative processes during the acute phase of candidiasis.
• Treatment of viral-fungal associations and enhancement of local vaginal immunity to break the vicious cycle of VVC recurrences.
• Relief of the acute period takes an average of 7 days. Preventive therapy with various means can take up to 6 months.

Epigen Intim Spray

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Epigen Intim Spray

With candidiasis, hygiene procedures should be given special attention – careful intimate care helps maintain the natural microflora, which provides additional protection against recurrence of thrush. Epigen Intim gel is well suited for this purpose. This is a cosmetic cleanser for daily intimate hygiene. Its regular use maintains the normal pH level of the intimate area. Lactic acid, also included in the composition, helps maintain the natural balance of the vaginal microflora. Epigen Intimate gel has a pleasant aroma and provides a feeling of cleanliness throughout the day.

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Prophylaxis

Compliance with a number of preventive recommendations minimizes the risk of vulvovaginal candidiasis. The main preventive measures are listed below:

• Regular visits to specialists to compensate for chronic diseases that can increase the risk of developing candidiasis.
• Wear underwear made from natural fabrics and regularly change tampons and pads during menstruation, because the blood serves as a breeding ground for many pathogens.
• Avoid indiscriminate change of sexual partners, since in such a situation, even with protected contact, the risk of thrush significantly increases.
• All antibacterial drugs should be taken strictly according to the doctor’s prescription, as they inhibit the activity of other bacteria, and on the contrary, they provoke fungal growth.
• Don’t neglect your intimate hygiene by choosing pH-neutral care products. One of these reliable products is Epigen Intim Gel – it contains activated glycyrrhizic acid, obtained from licorice root, and lactic acid. This combination helps to maintain normal microflora, physiological pH of the intimate area and prevents the development of inflammation. For ease of use, Epigen Intim gel has a special dispenser, which also ensures economical consumption of the product. The gel bottle has a stable wide base to prevent accidental dropping.
• Wash from front to back during hygiene procedures to avoid the introduction of pathogens from the anal area.
• When using toilet paper, it is not recommended to roughly rub the crotch area; dirt should be removed with gentle blotting movements from front to back.
• If you have any symptoms of gynecological diseases, you should consult a doctor. Regular preventive examinations are also necessary: ​​for healthy women – once a year, for those who receive treatment – in agreement with the doctor.

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causes, symptoms and treatment in the article of the SOVA clinic

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Reading time: 8 min

Updated: 06/02/2023

An article for patients with a disease diagnosed by a doctor. It does not replace a doctor’s appointment and cannot be used for self-diagnosis.

Causes of development

Candidiasis can be triggered by various factors. The causes of thrush can be divided into endogenous and exogenous.

1. Endogenous. Colds and other infectious diseases, immunodeficiency states, HIV, endocrine disorders, metabolic diseases, pregnancy, hormonal changes, chronic pathologies of the genitals and gastrointestinal tract.

2. Exogenous. These include, first of all, taking medications – antibiotics, corticosteroid hormones, cytostatic drugs. Predisposing factors for thrush in women are also the daily wearing of pads, too tight tight-fitting underwear, and synthetic clothing.

The occurrence of vaginal candidiasis can lead to:

• frequent change of sexual partners;

• stressful situations;

• mechanical injuries of the vaginal mucosa;

• malnutrition – the predominance of a large amount of carbohydrates in the diet;

• prolonged antibiotic therapy;

• climate change;

• the use of unsuitable means for intimate hygiene;

• uncontrolled intake of drugs.

Vaginal candidiasis is not usually transmitted sexually, but may be related to the mode of contact (anal-vaginal or orogenital). The sexual partners of women suffering from thrush have a higher risk of developing candidal balanoposthitis.

Pathogenesis

What is a thrush? A fungus of the genus Candida is considered a conditional pathogen, that is, it always lives in our microflora, only in acceptable low titers. Under certain conditions, it begins to actively multiply, which leads to clinical manifestations of thrush. For example, if the protective forces are weakened, the adhesive properties of yeast fungi increase. They easily attach to epithelial cells and provoke a further inflammatory response.

Localized on the walls of the genital tract, fungi injure the epithelium, overcoming the epithelial barrier. Then they are tightly connected to the mucous membrane. Waste products of the fungus increase the acidity of the vagina, causing inflammation. In response to the immune reaction, various allergic manifestations occur – itching, irritation, burning, and others. These symptoms usually get worse during urination and sexual intercourse. Further, the causative agent of infection from the first focus of inflammation spreads throughout the body along with the blood flow.

As a result of the reproduction of pathogenic microorganisms, white discharge appears, consisting of epithelium, mucus and fungus. What a thrush looks like, any woman who has ever encountered this disease knows. According to the structure of the discharge, they resemble curdled flakes or lumps with no obvious odor. Allocations with thrush may differ in volume, density and consistency. as a rule, they are quite plentiful. Most often white, but may also have a yellowish tint.

Stages and forms of vulvovaginal candidiasis

According to domestic clinical guidelines, there are two main forms of the disease. It depends on how thrush manifests itself and with what frequency.

1. Sporadic – exacerbations occur up to three times a year. In acute pathology, the main symptoms occur abruptly. They are pronounced, which is why they cause significant discomfort. Efficiency decreases, mood worsens, irritability appears. The advantage of sporadic candidiasis is the relatively rapid relief of symptoms and recovery.

2. Recurrent . Candidiasis occurring at least four times a year. The disease becomes chronic, it is more difficult to completely cure it. Periods of exacerbation last 7-10 days, then severe symptoms subside until the next relapse.

Also, vaginal candidiasis is divided into complicated and uncomplicated.

Candidiasis is considered uncomplicated :

It develops in patients with normal immunity.

Complicated :

This type occurs in patients with reduced immunity.

Symptoms and further treatment tactics depend on the type of causative agent of thrush in women.

Danger

By itself, candidiasis is not a serious pathology, but due to the lack of timely treatment, it can cause serious consequences.

The most common complications of candidiasis are the following pathologies:

1. Generalized candidiasis in immunocompromised patients. With a significant decrease in the body’s defenses, a dangerous condition arises – candidal sepsis. In this case, the Candida fungus spreads to the internal organs, disrupting their work. The infection can affect the stomach, intestines, lungs, kidneys, liver. This is a formidable complication that leads to death.

2. Recurrent infections of the urinary system. These include bacterial infections of the urinary organs – cystitis, urethritis. Symptoms depend on the severity of the disease, the location of the focus of infection, the age of the patient. As a rule, these pathologies are treated with antibiotics.

3. Cervical erosion is a disease characterized by damage to the cervical mucosa.

4. Salpingitis is an infectious and inflammatory process that affects the fallopian tubes.

5. Vaginal stenosis is an abnormal narrowing of the vagina due to excess fibrous tissue formation.

6. Miscarriage. The fungus causes complications during pregnancy or provokes a miscarriage – which is why, regardless of the term, thrush must be treated.

7. Chorioamnionitis. Inflammation of the membranes and the penetration of the pathogen into the amniotic fluid. Pathology increases the risk of miscarriage or premature birth. In the advanced stage, it leads to infection of the abdominal cavity, endometritis, meningitis and blood poisoning. When chorioamnionitis is detected, patients are prescribed antibiotic therapy without fail.

8. Premature rupture of membranes or premature birth. The closer the delivery, the greater the likelihood of rupture of the membranes ahead of time. In addition, due to the defeat of yeast-like fungi, the tissues of the perineum become thinner and become more loose. This is fraught with strong gaps during natural childbirth.

The most important thing in the treatment of thrush is to prevent the transition of the disease into a chronic form. In this case, it is more difficult to treat.

Diagnostics

When the characteristic symptoms of thrush appear, you should contact an experienced gynecologist. The doctor will listen to complaints and collect the most complete anamnesis. Tell the doctor about past gynecological diseases and operations, concomitant diseases (diabetes mellitus type 1 or 2, dysbacteriosis). Often the appearance of vaginal candidiasis is associated with prolonged use of antibiotics, hormones, immunosuppressants. If you take medications on an ongoing basis, please provide their names and exact dosages.

Then the gynecologist will conduct a visual examination on the gynecological chair and take a biomaterial – a urogenital swab. On examination, you can see the clinical manifestations of the disease – white plaque, inflamed mucous membrane, creamy or cheesy discharge. Microscopic examination of the discharge of the genital tract is the simplest and most reliable way to detect pathology. The smear allows you to detect spores and mycelium of the fungus of the genus Candida.

The most effective is the PCR method, which allows you to detect the pathogen even at low concentrations. With this highly sensitive assay, specific yeast DNA fragments can be identified and a specific Candida species can be identified.

Additional examinations may include:

• testing for sexually transmitted infections;

• determination of blood sugar level, glucose tolerance test, complete blood count;

• study of intestinal microflora;

• extended colposcopy.

Candida infections often have similar symptoms, so it’s worth doing an analysis for the most common sexually transmitted infections.

With recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis or the absence of the effect of therapy with an already established diagnosis, it makes sense to do a bacterial culture for candidiasis with the determination of sensitivity to drug groups. For bacteriological culture, a biomaterial sample is placed in a nutrient medium and grown under special conditions in order to identify the type of pathogen.

Treatment of thrush

Therapy in the case of vaginal candidiasis is complex. If you follow all the doctor’s recommendations and take prescribed drugs, you can stop acute symptoms and avoid relapses in the future. How to treat thrush in women, a gynecologist will tell you.

Azole drugs are the first line of therapy. These are antifungal agents that slow down and completely stop the growth of yeast fungi. Azoles are administered orally or intravaginally, both methods are effective. Some drugs in this group have only a fungistatic effect, that is, they delay the reproduction of the fungus. At a high concentration of these drugs, a fungicidal effect can be observed – the fungal cell membrane is destroyed, the pathogen dies.

Azole drugs are not the only group of drugs for thrush. There are medicines for local and systemic therapy. Among them are antibiotics, imidazoles, triazoles, agents from the polyene group, combined preparations. The doctor may also prescribe immunomodulators, fungicidal solutions.

You should not self-medicate: when the first signs of candidiasis appear, it is best to immediately contact a gynecologist. Drug prescribing regimens vary, and there are a number of contraindications for pregnant women (for example, some medications affect the formation of the fetus). The treatment plan for thrush in women is made by a gynecologist individually for each case, taking into account the form and severity of candidiasis.

1. Acute form of thrush. Topical treatment is recommended. The prescribed drugs are not absorbed into the bloodstream, but act directly on the mucosa of the vulva and vagina. For example, vaginal suppositories, tablets, creams.

2. Chronic course of the disease. In recurrent candidiasis, systemic antimycotics are used in conjunction with local therapy, for example, in the form of tablets orally.

The doctor will also explain how to treat thrush in women in addition to using medications. For example, while taking medications, it is recommended to follow a diet. You should limit simple carbohydrates, moldy cheeses, pastries, beer. Also during this period, you can not use fat-containing lubricants, antibacterial agents, for intimate hygiene, oral contraceptives.

Do not wear synthetic underwear and clothes – synthetics interfere with ventilation, creating a “greenhouse effect”. As a result, the effectiveness of therapy is reduced.

Treatment of thrush is prescribed based on the patient’s complaints about well-being and the results of a laboratory smear. It is not necessary to use drugs without indications and clinical manifestations of candidiasis. The fact is that the yeast fungus of the genus Candida can always be in the vagina in a minimal amount and be part of a healthy microflora of the body.

Prophylaxis

How to prevent vaginal candidiasis?

1. Strengthen your immunity. The most effective way to prevent infection is to increase the body’s defenses. It is enough to adhere to a healthy and balanced diet, to be outdoors more often, to engage in moderate physical activity. Give up bad habits. Talk to your doctor about medications to boost your immune system. A specialist can recommend effective, in his opinion, vitamin-mineral complexes and immunomodulators.

2. Follow the rules of personal hygiene. Carry out water procedures once or twice a day. Wash the external genitalia with warm water and products with a pH value of no higher than 5.5, without harsh fragrances and fragrances in the composition. A variety of aromatic fragrances disrupt the natural microflora, so if possible, use neutral products for daily care. When visiting public pools, showers, baths, take only individual slippers, napkins or towels with you. Do not sit on benches or chairs without your own towel or sheet.

3. Carefully approach the choice of clothes and underwear. Synthetic, dense and tight-fitting clothing creates a warm and humid environment, ideal conditions for the spread of microorganisms. Choose loose-fitting clothing made from breathable natural materials such as cotton.

4. Correct endocrine disorders. Various pathologies of the endocrine system are among the most common factors in the development of thrush. Among the most dangerous diseases are diabetes mellitus, obesity, pathologies of the thyroid gland and adrenal glands. If you notice signs of endocrine disruption or you have a hereditary predisposition to such pathologies, regularly see an endocrinologist and undergo preventive examinations.

5. Stop wearing panty liners. Such pads (especially flavored ones) do not let air through and create a “greenhouse effect”. With heavy discharge, gynecologists recommend using fabric pads that do not interfere with air circulation.

6. Timely treat diseases in a timely manner to treat diseases of the genitourinary and digestive systems. Consult with your doctor regarding the appointment of medical procedures and medications. Avoid uncontrolled use of antibacterial drugs – this way you risk further aggravating the symptoms of thrush.

When taking antibacterial drugs, preventive oral antifungal drugs are recommended. Promptly treat any infections, especially sexually transmitted and urinary tract infections.

Forecast

Favorable enough. In conditions of normal immunity, vaginal candidiasis responds well to treatment. Therapy for acute candidiasis usually lasts from one to several days – the timing depends on the neglect of the disease and the prescribed drug.

If you are concerned about the manifestations of thrush, sign up for a consultation with a gynecologist at the SOVA clinic. Call the hotline or leave a request on the website – the operator will contact you to clarify the day and time of the visit.

Gynecologist

Check-up “Women’s Health”

Tests for STDs (Sexually Transmitted Diseases)

Colposcopy

Frequently Asked Questions

How not to confuse thrush with other diseases?

The manifestations of thrush are similar to those of many inflammatory diseases of the genital tract: itching, burning, irritation, contact pain, discomfort. The main visual difference is the presence of cheesy secretions from the genital tract, but they are not always exactly like that.

In severe cases, swelling, cracks, ulceration in the genital area are detected. Differential diagnosis is necessary in order to distinguish thrush from diseases such as bacterial vaginosis, aerobic vaginitis, sexually transmitted infections (gonorrhea, trichomoniasis, chlamydia), herpes simplex virus.

What is the most effective diagnostic method?

The most effective is the PCR method, which allows you to detect the pathogen even in low concentrations (femoflor 13 or florocenosis is recommended). With recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis, the absence of the effect of therapy with an already established diagnosis, it makes sense to bacterial culture for the Candida fungus with the determination of sensitivity to groups of drugs.

What kind of vaginal discharge can be considered normal?

Light, without an unpleasant smell, not causing discomfort.

Is it dangerous not to treat thrush?

It is necessary to start therapy only if there are complaints, and not only according to the results of a smear. The causative agent is not prone to spread to the upper reproductive tract, but may recur. If you do not treat thrush, exacerbations will occur more often, which will lead to a more severe course of the disease.

Should the partner be informed and treated too?

Candidiasis is not a sexually transmitted infection. If the partner has no complaints, then he does not need to be treated. If the partner has at least some manifestations, he should also take a smear and start treatment.

How to choose the right therapy?

Azole drugs are the first line of therapy, but these are far from the only possibilities of therapy. There are drugs for both local and systemic therapy. Self-medication is not worth it, it is better to consult a doctor in time.

Prescribing regimens for drugs are different, and for pregnant women there are a number of contraindications. However, treatment during pregnancy is mandatory. A child can also become infected with candidiasis during passage through the birth canal.

Does thrush affect the quality of life?

Certainly it does. Unbearable itching, burning, pain lead to a decrease in psychological stability, the dominant switches precisely to these symptoms, and you cannot fully enjoy life.

There are contraindications. It is necessary to consult a specialist

The materials posted on this page are for informational purposes and are intended for educational purposes.
Site visitors should not use them as medical advice.
Determining the diagnosis and choosing a treatment method remains the exclusive prerogative of your doctor!

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