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New Skin Moles: Causes, Types, and When to Seek Medical Attention

by alexxlab

What causes new skin moles to appear. How to identify different types of moles. When should you be concerned about a new mole. What are the risk factors for moles becoming cancerous. How to monitor your moles for changes.

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Understanding Skin Moles: Types and Characteristics

Skin moles, scientifically known as nevi, are common skin growths that occur when pigment-producing cells (melanocytes) cluster together. While most moles are benign, it’s essential to understand their various types and characteristics to identify potential risks.

Congenital Moles

Congenital moles, also known as birthmarks, are present at birth or appear shortly after. These moles:

  • Affect 0.2 to 2.1 percent of infants
  • Vary widely in size, shape, and color
  • May require treatment for cosmetic reasons later in life
  • Have a 4 to 6 percent lifetime risk of becoming malignant if larger in size

Acquired Moles (Common Moles)

Acquired moles develop after birth and are the most prevalent type. These moles typically:

  • Appear round or oval
  • Measure 1/4 inch or less in diameter
  • Have a uniform color (tan, brown, black, red, pink, blue, or skin-colored)
  • Remain stable in appearance over time

Atypical Moles (Dysplastic Nevi)

Atypical moles have distinct characteristics that set them apart:

  • Irregular shape with uneven borders
  • Varied color, often a mix of tan, brown, red, and pink
  • Pebbled texture
  • Larger than 6 millimeters in diameter
  • More common in fair-skinned individuals

What Causes New Moles to Appear?

The development of new moles, especially in adulthood, is a complex process influenced by various factors. While the exact mechanisms are not fully understood, several key factors contribute to mole formation:

Genetic Factors

Genetic mutations play a significant role in mole development. A 2015 study revealed that 78% of benign acquired moles exhibited mutations in the BRAF gene, which is also associated with melanoma. This genetic link underscores the importance of monitoring moles for potential cancerous changes.

Hormonal Changes

Hormonal fluctuations can trigger the appearance of new moles. Common hormonal events that may lead to mole development include:

  • Puberty
  • Pregnancy
  • Menopause
  • Use of hormonal medications

Sun Exposure

Ultraviolet (UV) radiation from both natural and artificial sources can damage DNA, potentially leading to mole formation. Prolonged sun exposure, especially during childhood and young adulthood, may result in the development of new moles later in life.

Assessing Mole Risk: When Should You Be Concerned?

While most moles are harmless, certain factors can increase the risk of malignancy. It’s crucial to be aware of these risk factors and monitor your moles accordingly.

High-Risk Indicators

Be vigilant if you have:

  • More than 50 common moles
  • Four or more atypical moles
  • A family history of melanoma
  • Previously had melanoma
  • Familial Atypical Multiple Mole Melanoma (FAMMM) syndrome

The ABCDE Rule for Mole Evaluation

Use the ABCDE rule to assess your moles for potential signs of melanoma:

  1. Asymmetry: One half doesn’t match the other
  2. Border: Irregular, jagged, or scalloped edges
  3. Color: Variations in color within the same mole
  4. Diameter: Larger than 6 millimeters (about the size of a pencil eraser)
  5. Evolving: Changes in size, shape, or color over time

Monitoring and Managing Your Moles

Regular self-examination and professional skin checks are essential for maintaining skin health and detecting potential issues early. Here are some tips for effective mole management:

Perform Regular Self-Examinations

Conduct monthly self-examinations to familiarize yourself with your moles and detect any changes. Use a full-length mirror and handheld mirror to examine your entire body, including hard-to-see areas like your back and scalp.

Document Your Moles

Keep a record of your moles by:

  • Taking photographs of your skin, especially areas with multiple moles
  • Creating a “mole map” to track the location and appearance of your moles
  • Noting any changes in size, shape, or color

Seek Professional Evaluation

Schedule regular skin checks with a dermatologist, especially if you have:

  • A high number of moles
  • Atypical moles
  • A family history of skin cancer
  • A history of extensive sun exposure or sunburns

Treatment Options for Moles

While most moles don’t require treatment, there are various options available for removing moles for cosmetic reasons or if they show signs of potential malignancy.

Surgical Excision

This procedure involves cutting out the entire mole and closing the wound with stitches. It’s often used for larger moles or those suspected of being cancerous.

Shave Excision

For raised moles, a doctor may use a scalpel to shave off the mole flush with the surrounding skin. This method is less invasive and doesn’t require stitches.

Laser Removal

Laser treatment can be effective for removing certain types of moles, particularly flat, non-cancerous moles. Multiple sessions may be required for complete removal.

Cryotherapy

This technique uses liquid nitrogen to freeze and destroy mole tissue. It’s typically used for small, benign moles.

Preventing New Moles and Protecting Your Skin

While you can’t completely prevent new moles from forming, you can take steps to minimize their development and protect your skin from potential damage.

Sun Protection

Shielding your skin from harmful UV rays is crucial. Implement these sun protection measures:

  • Apply broad-spectrum sunscreen with an SPF of at least 30 daily
  • Wear protective clothing, including wide-brimmed hats and long-sleeved shirts
  • Seek shade during peak sun hours (10 am to 4 pm)
  • Avoid tanning beds and sunlamps

Healthy Lifestyle Choices

Certain lifestyle factors can contribute to overall skin health and potentially reduce the risk of developing new moles:

  • Maintain a balanced diet rich in antioxidants
  • Stay hydrated to support skin health
  • Avoid smoking, which can damage skin cells
  • Manage stress through relaxation techniques and regular exercise

Understanding the Link Between Moles and Skin Cancer

While most moles are benign, it’s important to understand the potential connection between moles and skin cancer, particularly melanoma.

Melanoma Risk Factors

Certain mole-related factors can increase your risk of developing melanoma:

  • Having more than 50 common moles
  • The presence of atypical moles
  • Large congenital moles (greater than 20 cm in diameter)
  • A personal or family history of melanoma

Mole Transformation

While rare, moles can transform into melanoma. This process is not fully understood, but it’s believed to involve a combination of genetic mutations and environmental factors, such as UV exposure.

Early Detection is Key

Regular monitoring and prompt medical attention for suspicious moles are crucial for early detection and treatment of potential skin cancers. When caught early, the prognosis for skin cancer, including melanoma, is generally excellent.

Advances in Mole Research and Diagnosis

The field of dermatology continues to evolve, with new technologies and research offering improved methods for mole assessment and diagnosis.

Dermoscopy

Dermoscopy is a non-invasive technique that uses a special magnifying device to examine moles in detail. This method can help dermatologists distinguish between benign and potentially malignant lesions more accurately.

Genetic Testing

Advances in genetic testing are providing insights into the molecular basis of mole formation and transformation. This research may lead to more targeted approaches for mole management and melanoma prevention.

Artificial Intelligence in Mole Analysis

AI-powered algorithms are being developed to assist in mole analysis and skin cancer detection. These tools have the potential to improve the accuracy and efficiency of skin examinations.

In conclusion, understanding the causes, types, and potential risks associated with skin moles is crucial for maintaining optimal skin health. By staying informed, practicing regular self-examinations, and seeking professional evaluation when necessary, you can effectively manage your moles and minimize the risk of skin cancer. Remember, early detection and prompt action are key to ensuring the best possible outcomes for any skin-related concerns.

Causes and When to Be Concerned

Moles tend to appear around times when your hormone levels change. If they appear when you’re older or they have certain characteristics, they may be more likely to become cancerous.

Moles are very common, and most people have one or more. Moles are concentrations of pigment-producing cells (melanocytes) in your skin. People with light skin tend to have more moles.

The technical name for a mole is nevus (plural: nevi). It comes from the Latin word for birthmark.

The cause of moles isn’t well understood. It’s thought to be an interaction of genetic factors and sun damage in most cases.

Moles usually emerge in childhood and adolescence, and change in size and color as you grow. New moles commonly appear at times when your hormone levels change, such as during pregnancy.

Most moles are less than 1/4 inch in diameter. Mole color ranges from pink to dark brown or black. They can be anywhere on your body, alone or in groups.

Almost all moles are benign (noncancerous). But new moles in an adult are more likely to become cancerous than old moles.

If a new mole appears when you’re older, or if a mole changes in appearance, you should see a dermatologist to make sure it’s not cancerous.

There are many types of moles, categorized by when they appear, what they look like, and their risk of becoming cancerous.

Congenital moles

These moles are called birthmarks and vary widely in size, shape, and color. About 0.2 to 2.1 percent of infants are born with a congenital mole.

Some birthmarks may be treated for cosmetic reasons when the child is older, for example, age 10 to 12 and better able to tolerate local anesthetic. Treatment options include:

  • surgery
  • skin resurfacing (dermabrasion)
  • skin shaving (excision) of top skin layers
  • chemical peel for lightening
  • laser ablation for lightening

Risk

Larger congenital moles have a greater risk of becoming malignant in adulthood (4 to 6 percent lifetime risk). Changes in growth, color, shape, or pain of a birthmark should be evaluated by a doctor.

Acquired moles (also called common moles)

Acquired moles are those that appear on your skin after you’re born. They’re also known as common moles. They can appear anywhere on your skin.

People with fair skin can normally have between 10 and 40 of these moles.

Common moles are usually:

  • round or oval
  • flat or slightly raised or sometimes dome-shaped
  • smooth or rough
  • one color (tan, brown, black, red, pink, blue, or skin-colored)
  • unchanging
  • small (1/4 inch or less; the size of a pencil eraser)
  • may have hairs

If you have darker skin or dark hair, your moles may be darker than those of people with fairer skin.

Risk

If you have more than 50 common moles, you’re at a higher risk for skin cancer. But it’s rare for a common mole to become cancerous.

Atypical moles (also called dysplastic nevi)

Atypical moles can appear anywhere on your body. Atypical moles are often on the trunk, but you can also get them on your neck, head, or scalp. They rarely appear on the face.

Benign atypical moles may have some of the same characteristics as melanoma (a type of skin cancer). So, it’s important to have regular skin checks and to monitor any changes in your moles.

Atypical moles have the potential to become cancerous. But it’s estimated that only 1 in 10,000 atypical moles turn into cancer.

Because of their appearance, atypical moles have been characterized as the “ugly ducklings” of moles.

In general, atypical moles are:

  • irregular in shape with uneven borders
  • varied in color: mixes of tan, brown, red, and pink
  • pebbled in texture
  • larger than a pencil eraser; 6 millimeters or more
  • more common in fair-skinned people
  • more common in people who have high sun exposure

Risk

You have a higher risk of getting melanoma if you have:

  • four or more atypical moles
  • a blood relative who had melanoma
  • previously had melanoma

If members of your family have a lot of atypical moles, you may have familial atypical multiple mole melanoma (FAMMM) syndrome. Your risk of melanoma is 17.3 times higher that people who don’t have FAMMM syndrome.

The cause of a new mole that appears in adulthood isn’t well understood. New moles may be benign or they may be cancerous. Melanoma causes are well studied, but there’s little research on what causes benign moles.

Genetic mutations are likely involved. A 2015 research study reported that genetic mutations of the BRAF gene were present in 78 percent of benign acquired moles.

BRAF mutations are known to be involved in melanoma. But the molecular processes involved in transforming a benign mole to a cancerous mole aren’t yet known.

The interaction of ultraviolet light (UV), both natural and artificial, with DNA is known to cause genetic damage that can lead to the development of melanoma and other skin cancers. The sun exposure can occur during childhood or young adulthood and only much later result in skin cancer.

Reasons that you may have a new mole include:

  • increasing age
  • fair skin and light or red hair
  • family history of atypical moles
  • response to drugs that suppress your immune system
  • response to other drugs, such as some antibiotics, hormones, or antidepressants
  • genetic mutations
  • sunburn, sun exposure, or tanning bed use

New moles are more likely to become cancerous. A 2017 review of case studies found that 70.9 percent of melanomas arose from a new mole. If you’re an adult with a new mole, it’s important to have it checked by your doctor or a dermatologist.

When an old mole changes, or when a new mole appears in adulthood, you should see a doctor to check it out.

If your mole is itching, bleeding, oozing, or painful, see a doctor right away.

Melanoma is the deadliest skin cancer, but new moles or spots may also be basal cell or squamous cell cancers. These usually appear in areas that are exposed to the sun, such as your face, head, and neck. They’re easily treatable.

Melanomas

Here’s an ABCDE melanoma guide about what to look for, developed by the American Academy of Dermatology:

  • Asymmetrical shape. Each half of the mole is different.
  • Border. The mole has irregular borders.
  • Color. The mole has changed color or has many or mixed colors.
  • Diameter. The mole gets larger — more than 1/4 inch in diameter.
  • Evolving. The mole keeps changing in size, color, shape, or thickness.

Skin self-checks

Checking your skin regularly can help you spot mole changes. More than half of skin cancers occur on parts of your body that you can easily see.

It’s uncommon to find melanomas in parts of the body protected from the sun. The most common body sites for melanoma in women are the arms and legs.

For men, the most common melanoma sites are the back, trunk, head and neck.

Non-Caucasians have a lower risk for melanoma in general. But the melanoma locations are different for people of color. Typical sites for melanoma among non-Caucasians are:

  • the soles
  • the palms
  • in between toes and fingers
  • under toenails or fingernails

Note that self-checks can often miss changes in moles, according to a 2000 study of people at high risk for melanoma.

Moles that appear in adulthood should always be checked by a doctor. It’s recommended that people have a skin check by a dermatologist yearly. If you’re at risk for melanoma, your doctor may recommend a skin check every six months.

If you’re concerned about your mole and don’t already have a dermatologist, you can view doctors in your area through the Healthline FindCare tool.

If you have a mole that changes, especially one that meets one or more of the criteria in the ABCDE guide above, see a doctor right away.

The good news is that early detection of melanoma leads to significant survival benefits. The 10-year survival rate for melanoma that is detected early is 93 percent.

Melanoma skin cancer – Symptoms

Main symptoms of melanoma skin cancer

A new mole or a change in an existing mole may be signs of melanoma.

Melanomas can appear anywhere on your body, but they’re more common in areas that are often exposed to the sun.

Some rarer types can affect the eyes, soles of the feet, palms of the hands or genitals.

Check your skin for any unusual changes. Use a mirror or ask a partner or friend to check any areas you cannot see.

Mole with an uneven shape or edges

Credit:

DR P. MARAZZI/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY https://www.sciencephoto.com/media/108472/view

Normal moles are usually round with smooth edges.

Melanomas are often an uneven shape. They may have 2 different shaped halves and uneven edges.

Mole with a mix of colours

Credit:

DR P. MARAZZI/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY https://www.sciencephoto.com/media/253324/view

Normal moles are usually only 1 colour.

Melanomas are often a mix of 2 or more colours.

Large mole

Credit:

BSIP, GIRAND / SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY: https://www.sciencephoto.com/media/1035442/view

Normal moles are usually small.

Melanomas tend to be bigger, often more than 6mm wide.

Mole that changes over time

Normal moles usually do not change over time.

A mole that changes size, shape or colour may be a melanoma.

Other signs to look out for include moles that are:

  • swollen and sore
  • bleeding
  • itchy
  • crusty

Credit:

DR P. MARAZZI/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY https://www. sciencephoto.com/media/97260/view

Non-urgent advice: See a GP if:

  • you have a mole that’s changed size, shape or colour
  • you have a mole that’s painful or itchy
  • you have a mole that’s inflamed, bleeding or crusty
  • you have a new or unusual mark on your skin that has not gone away after a few weeks
  • you have a dark area under a nail that has not been caused by an injury

Finding a melanoma as early as possible can mean it’s easier to treat.

What happens at the GP appointment

You will be asked some questions about your health, family medical history, medical conditions and your symptoms.

Tell the GP if you have a mole, freckle or other area of skin that’s recently changed. Also tell them if you or a member of your family have had skin cancer in the past.

The GP will look at your mole and any other areas of affected skin. They may ask you if they can take a photograph of it to send to a specialist (dermatologist) to look at. This is called teledermatology.

Referral to a specialist

The GP may refer you to a specialist in hospital for more tests if they think you have a condition that needs to be investigated.

This may be an urgent referral, usually within 2 weeks, if you have certain symptoms. This does not definitely mean you have cancer.

Information:

Find out more

  • Cancer Research UK: seeing your GP with a possible melanoma
  • Melanoma Focus: teledermatology

Page last reviewed: 06 March 2023
Next review due: 06 March 2026

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Moles – causes, types, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, removal of nevi in ​​women, men, children

Symptoms

Differences from melanoma

Diagnosis

Methods of removal

Prevention

Moles on the body are congenital or acquired pigmented formations that appear on the skin, mucous membranes and iris of the eye. Arise from melanocytes and have different shades. Such formations can rise above the skin or be located at the same level with it.

According to medical statistics, all people over the age of 10 have pigmented lesions, and they are mainly located on the face. In infants, such spots are extremely rare, but they always appear in the first few years of life. Under the influence of hormones, their number increases markedly in adolescence. The same applies to women during pregnancy, and the formations that existed before this begin to change color, and sometimes increase.

Causes of occurrence

Moles are formed from pigment cells located between the layers of the skin – the dermis and epidermis.

But the reasons for the formation of moles are different:

  1. Heredity. This explains the appearance of rashes on a certain part of the body.
  2. Prolonged exposure to the sun. Excessive influence of ultraviolet radiation on the skin is fraught with the formation of a large number of melanocytes, from which pigmented spots of various types appear.
  3. Hormonal changes. Due to hormonal disorders that can develop against the background of stress, illness, pregnancy, childbirth, adolescence, moles can appear or disappear.

Other provoking factors include radiation or x-rays, under the influence of which pigment cells move closer to the epidermis and become visible to the naked eye.

Varieties

All moles on the face and other parts of the body are divided into two main groups: vascular and pigmented. The first appear as a result of the accelerated growth of capillaries and are modified vessels of the skin. The second – classic, develop due to too much melanin in the cells.

In addition to this classification, another division is used – into congenital and acquired.

The first in size are:

  • large or giant – their diameter is 10 mm or more;
  • medium, less than 10 mm;
  • small, the diameter of which does not exceed 1.5 millimeters. The largest are considered the most dangerous. The risk of their transformation into a malignant neoplasm is quite high.

Acquired are divided into three types:

  • intradermal – a group of melanocytes located in the lower layers of the skin;
  • epidermal – melanocytes accumulate in the upper layers;
  • border.

Another group of moles is called a hanging nevus. This is a small skin growth that has a surface in the form of a tubercle.

There is a melanoform nevus that appears during fetal development and is highly prone to rebirth.

Symptoms

Moles on the arm and other parts of the body can have a very different look. Usually their size does not exceed 6 mm, they are symmetrical, oval or rounded. They have a uniform surface, a uniform color, a smooth contour and well-defined boundaries.

Often they form in those parts of the body that are not covered by clothes and are constantly exposed to the sun. Less commonly, they can be found on the palms, soles, feet, and even nails. About a third of teenagers have them on the scalp.

The number of these formations on the skin becomes maximum at the age of 20-30 years, and then they gradually disappear. Usually they do not cause any inconvenience and do not hurt, but they can be damaged if they are in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bcontact between skin and linen.

What is the difference between a mole and melanoma

Melanoma is often referred to by doctors as the queen of cancer. This is due to its ruthlessness, the difficulty of treatment and high mortality. Despite the fact that the primary tumor begins to develop on the skin, it quickly affects nearby lymph nodes, and then spreads to distant organs.

However, dangerous moles can always be distinguished from harmless ones. For this, a specially developed self-diagnosis system is used. Malignancy is determined by several parameters:

  1. Asymmetric. A common mole has an oval or round shape. It can always be divided into two equal parts. Melanoma has a marked asymmetry.
  2. The edges of melanoma are blurred and sometimes even jagged. In an ordinary mole, they are well expressed.
  3. Bleeding is a major concern. It is characteristic of malignant neoplasms.
  4. Color. An ordinary mole of a uniform shade, a pathological mole may have several colors in different parts of the surface.
  5. Size. An ordinary mole does not change its size after the appearance. Intensive growth is the first sign of pathology.
  6. Diam. All moles larger than 6 mm must be under medical supervision.

Diagnostics

Moles in a woman require special attention from a dermatologist. It is very important to conduct a timely diagnosis and recognize a common nevus from a malignant neoplasm. In a conversation, the doctor finds out at what time the formation arose, whether it was from birth or appeared recently, whether it changed color, shape, size. It is also important to talk about what treatment was used, whether the result was achieved.

Moles in children, which are present from birth, definitely require a consultation with a dermatologist, especially if they are gigantic and can threaten the life of the child. If it is located in a place that is regularly injured, then it should be removed.

Visually it is impossible to understand how benign or malignant a neoplasm is. For this, a special study is being carried out. However, such a popular method as a biopsy cannot be used. The problem here is that any impact with tissue damage carries a high risk of degeneration, so diagnostic methods such as biopsy, electrocoagulation, cryotherapy or the use of chemicals are unacceptable.

Tissue histology is performed in the only case – when the entire formation is removed under anesthesia, and only after that these tissues are examined. The result will be known in a few days.

Today, epiluminescent microscopy is very popular in the diagnosis of moles in men, women and children. The use of a device with illumination does not damage tissues and helps to accurately determine their structure.

Another way is computer diagnostics. The doctor takes a photograph of the formation, uploads it to a computer, and a special program compares this image with those available in its database. However, these methods for diagnosing moles are expensive, so they are practically not used in our country.

Disposal methods

Treatment of moles is carried out only by a doctor. In no case should you use folk methods of treatment and other methods that are not recognized by official medicine. The mole is removed only in two cases. The first is a pronounced cosmetic defect. The second is medical indications when there is a risk of degeneration into a cancerous tumor.

Surgery remains the most traditional method. It is ideal for nevi located in the deep layers of the skin. However, after it, scars can remain, which is a serious drawback.

Laser removal of moles has become the most effective and popular. It is recommended to use it in case of formations on the face and uncovered skin areas. In this case, the surrounding tissues are preserved, and the impact is point. After using this method, scars do not remain.

The third method is called radioknife. With its help, any formations, including malignant ones, are reliably removed. It combines three actions at once – dissects tissues, stops bleeding, disinfects. It does not leave any scars behind.

Prevention of rebirth

In recent years, there has been an increase in the incidence of melanoma, especially among young women. In men, melanomas usually occur on the back, in women, on the legs. Growing through the skin, tumor cells with blood spread throughout the body and form new foci of metastases in different organs.

The following measures help to prevent the appearance of melanoma of the skin from a common mole:

  • completely avoid exposure to the sun from 11 am to 5 pm, even if it is cloudy outside, ultraviolet rays still penetrate the skin;
  • it must be remembered that when light is reflected from snow, water, sand, the dose of ultraviolet radiation doubles;
  • sunscreens and other cosmetics do not guarantee complete UV protection, but they do prevent burns;
  • sunbathing in a solarium is just as unsafe as in the sun, especially for young women who already have moles on their bodies.

It is important to regularly monitor all nevi present on the body. If the mole itches, bleeds, grows in size or changes color, you should immediately consult a dermatologist.

The author of the article:

Shapovalova Valeria Olegovna

cosmetologist, dermatologist, trichologist

work experience 7 years

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