What is clotrimazole used for in children. How should clotrimazole be administered to pediatric patients. What are the potential side effects of clotrimazole in children. When should parents consult a doctor about clotrimazole use.

Understanding Clotrimazole and Its Uses in Pediatric Care

Clotrimazole is an antifungal medication commonly used to treat various fungal infections in children. It belongs to a class of drugs called azole antifungals, which work by preventing the growth of fungi.

What are the primary uses of clotrimazole in pediatric patients? Clotrimazole is primarily used to treat:

• Fungal infections of the skin
• Vaginal yeast infections (in adolescent girls)

In some cases, doctors may prescribe clotrimazole for other purposes not listed here. It’s essential for parents to discuss the specific reasons for prescribing this medication with their child’s healthcare provider.

Forms and Brand Names of Clotrimazole for Children

Clotrimazole is available in various forms and under different brand names. Some common formulations include:

• Topical creams
• Vaginal creams
• Lotions
• Solutions

Popular brand names for clotrimazole include:

1. Lotrimin
2. Desenex
3. Gyne-Lotrimin
4. Mycozyl AC
5. Antifungal Clotrimazole

Is clotrimazole available over-the-counter for children? Many clotrimazole products are available over-the-counter (OTC) for treating minor fungal infections. However, it’s crucial to consult a pediatrician before using any OTC medication for children, especially for infants and young children.

Important Considerations Before Administering Clotrimazole

Before giving clotrimazole to a child, parents should be aware of several important factors:

• Allergies: Inform the doctor if your child has any known allergies to clotrimazole or other antifungal medications.
• Other medications: Discuss all current medications your child is taking, including prescription, over-the-counter, and natural products.
• Existing health conditions: Certain health problems may affect the use of clotrimazole.

Are there specific infections that clotrimazole cannot treat? Clotrimazole is not effective for treating nail or scalp infections. If your child has these types of fungal infections, alternative treatments may be necessary.

Special Considerations for Vaginal Cream Use

When using clotrimazole vaginal cream for adolescent girls:

• Ensure it’s approved for use in your child’s age group
• Do not use if there’s abdominal pain, fever, or foul-smelling discharge
• Avoid douching or using other vaginal products during treatment
• Be aware that it may interfere with certain birth control methods

Proper Administration of Clotrimazole in Children

Administering clotrimazole correctly is crucial for its effectiveness and your child’s safety. Here are some general guidelines:

• Follow the prescribed dosage and frequency
• Apply topical forms to clean, dry skin
• Wash hands before and after application
• Continue treatment for the full prescribed duration, even if symptoms improve

How long should clotrimazole be used in children? The duration of treatment can vary depending on the type and severity of the infection. Always follow your healthcare provider’s instructions and do not stop treatment prematurely unless directed by a doctor.

Potential Side Effects and Complications

While clotrimazole is generally well-tolerated, it can cause side effects in some children. Common side effects may include:

• Skin irritation at the application site
• Burning sensation
• Rash
• Peeling skin

When should parents seek immediate medical attention? Contact a healthcare provider immediately if your child experiences:

• Signs of an allergic reaction (hives, difficulty breathing, swelling of face or throat)
• Severe skin reactions (blistering, oozing)
• Persistent or worsening symptoms

Drug Interactions and Precautions

Clotrimazole may interact with other medications or health conditions. It’s essential to inform your child’s doctor about all current medications and health issues.

Can clotrimazole be used during pregnancy or while breastfeeding? If your adolescent child is pregnant or breastfeeding, consult with a healthcare provider before using clotrimazole. The risks and benefits should be carefully evaluated.

Precautions for Specific Formulations

Different formulations of clotrimazole may have specific precautions:

• Topical products: Avoid contact with eyes and mucous membranes
• Vaginal cream: Do not use tampons or douche during treatment
• Oral forms: Use with caution in children with liver problems

Monitoring and Follow-up Care

Regular monitoring is essential when using clotrimazole in children. Parents should:

• Observe the affected area for signs of improvement or worsening
• Keep track of any side effects
• Follow up with the healthcare provider as recommended

How often should parents report progress to the doctor? The frequency of follow-ups depends on the severity of the infection and the child’s response to treatment. Generally, if there’s no improvement after a week of treatment, consult your healthcare provider.

Alternative Treatments and Preventive Measures

While clotrimazole is effective for many fungal infections, there may be cases where alternative treatments are necessary. Some alternatives include:

• Other antifungal medications (e.g., miconazole, ketoconazole)
• Oral antifungal drugs for severe infections
• Natural remedies (under medical supervision)

How can parents prevent recurrent fungal infections in children? Preventive measures include:

• Maintaining good hygiene
• Keeping skin dry, especially in skin folds
• Using breathable fabrics
• Avoiding sharing personal items
• Promoting a healthy diet and immune system

By understanding the proper use of clotrimazole and implementing preventive strategies, parents can effectively manage and prevent fungal infections in their children. Always consult with a healthcare provider for personalized advice and treatment plans.

Clotrimazole (Topical: Pediatric Medication | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

Pediatric Medication

This information from Lexicomp^® explains what you need to know about this medication, including what it’s used for, how to take it, its side effects, and when to call your healthcare provider.

Brand Names: US

3 Day Vaginal [OTC]; Alevazol [OTC]; Antifungal (Clotrimazole) [OTC]; Antifungal Clotrimazole [OTC]; Clotrimazole 3 Day [OTC]; Clotrimazole Anti-Fungal [OTC]; Clotrimazole GRx [OTC] [DSC]; Desenex [OTC]; GoodSense Athletes Foot [OTC]; Gyne-Lotrimin 3 [OTC]; Gyne-Lotrimin [OTC]; Micotrin AC [OTC]; Mycozyl AC [OTC]; Pro-Ex Antifungal [OTC]; Shopko Athletes Foot [OTC] [DSC]; TM-Clotrimazole [OTC]

What is this drug used for?

• It is used to treat fungal infections of the skin.
• This drug is used to treat vaginal yeast infections.
• It may be given to your child for other reasons. Talk with the doctor.

What do I need to tell the doctor BEFORE my child takes this drug?

All products:

• If your child is allergic to this drug; any part of this drug; or any other drugs, foods, or substances. Tell the doctor about the allergy and what signs your child had.

All skin products:

• If your child has nail or scalp infections. This drug will not work to treat nail or scalp infections.

This drug may interact with other drugs or health problems.

Tell the doctor and pharmacist about all of your child’s drugs (prescription or OTC, natural products, vitamins) and health problems. You must check to make sure that it is safe to give this drug with all of your child’s other drugs and health problems. Do not start, stop, or change the dose of any drug your child takes without checking with the doctor.

What are some things I need to know or do while my child takes this drug?

All products:

• Tell all of your child’s health care providers that your child is taking this drug. This includes your child’s doctors, nurses, pharmacists, and dentists.
• This drug may cause harm if swallowed. If this drug is swallowed, call a doctor or poison control center right away.

If your child is pregnant or breast-feeding a baby:

• Talk with the doctor if your child is pregnant, becomes pregnant, or is breast-feeding a baby. You will need to talk about the benefits and risks to your child and the baby.

Vaginal cream:

• This drug is not approved for use in all children. Talk with the doctor to be sure that this drug is right for your child.
• If vaginal yeast infections happen often, talk with the doctor.
• Protect clothing and fabrics from staining.
• Do not give to your child if she has belly pain, fever, or bad-smelling discharge. Talk with the doctor.
• Do not give to your child for itching caused by a health problem other than a yeast infection. Talk with the doctor.
• Do not let your child douche or use other vaginal products like tampons while she is using this drug. Your child may need to avoid these things for some time after the last dose. If you have questions, talk with your child’s doctor.

If your child is or may be sexually active:

• Condoms or diaphragms may not work to prevent pregnancy or stop the spread of diseases passed through sex while using this drug and for a period of time after your child stops this drug. Your child will need to use some other kind of birth control for some time after the last dose. Be sure you know how long your child will need to do this.

What are some side effects that I need to call my child’s doctor about right away?

WARNING/CAUTION: Even though it may be rare, some people may have very bad and sometimes deadly side effects when taking a drug. Tell your child’s doctor or get medical help right away if your child has any of the following signs or symptoms that may be related to a very bad side effect:

All products:

• Signs of an allergic reaction, like rash; hives; itching; red, swollen, blistered, or peeling skin with or without fever; wheezing; tightness in the chest or throat; trouble breathing, swallowing, or talking; unusual hoarseness; or swelling of the mouth, face, lips, tongue, or throat.
• Irritation where this drug was used.
• Blisters or sores that ooze, drain, or crust over.
• Burning.
• Swelling where this drug is used.

Vaginal cream:

• Upset stomach or throwing up.
• Bad-smelling vaginal discharge.
• Stomach pain.

What are some other side effects of this drug?

All drugs may cause side effects. However, many people have no side effects or only have minor side effects. Call your child’s doctor or get medical help if your child has any side effects that bother your child or do not go away.

These are not all of the side effects that may occur. If you have questions about side effects, call your child’s doctor. Call your child’s doctor for medical advice about side effects.

You may report side effects to your national health agency.

How is this drug best given?

Give this drug as ordered by your child’s doctor. Read all information given to you. Follow all instructions closely.

All skin products:

• Keep using this drug as you have been told by your child’s doctor or other health care provider, even if your child’s signs get better.
• Wash your hands before and after use.
• Do not give by mouth. Use on your child’s skin only. Keep out of your child’s mouth, nose, and eyes (may burn).
• Clean affected part before use. Make sure to dry well.
• Put a thin layer on the affected part and rub in gently.
• Do not use coverings (bandages, dressings, make-up) unless told to do so by the doctor.

Vaginal cream:

• Keep using this drug as you have been told by your child’s doctor or other health care provider, even if your child’s signs get better.
• Use at bedtime for best results.
• Wash your hands before and after use.
• Do not give this drug by mouth. For vaginal use only. Keep out of your child’s mouth, nose, and eyes (may burn).
• Dry the outside vaginal area all the way after your child showers, bathes, or swims. Be sure your child does not swim for 9 to 12 hours after using this drug. Have your child change out of wet bathing suits or damp workout clothes right away.

If your child is or may be sexually active:

• Vaginal sex must be avoided while using this drug.

What do I do if my child misses a dose?

• Put on a missed dose as soon as you think about it.
• If it is close to the time for your child’s next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your child’s normal time.
• Do not put on 2 doses at the same time or extra doses.

How do I store and/or throw out this drug?

• Store at room temperature in a dry place. Do not store in a bathroom.
• Keep lid tightly closed.
• Keep all drugs in a safe place. Keep all drugs out of the reach of children and pets.
• Throw away unused or expired drugs. Do not flush down a toilet or pour down a drain unless you are told to do so. Check with your pharmacist if you have questions about the best way to throw out drugs. There may be drug take-back programs in your area.

General drug facts

• If your child’s symptoms or health problems do not get better or if they become worse, call your child’s doctor.
• Do not share your child’s drug with others and do not give anyone else’s drug to your child.
• Some drugs may have another patient information leaflet. If you have any questions about this drug, please talk with your child’s doctor, nurse, pharmacist, or other health care provider.
• If you think there has been an overdose, call your poison control center or get medical care right away. Be ready to tell or show what was taken, how much, and when it happened.

Consumer Information Use and Disclaimer

This generalized information is a limited summary of diagnosis, treatment, and/or medication information. It is not meant to be comprehensive and should be used as a tool to help the user understand and/or assess potential diagnostic and treatment options. It does NOT include all information about conditions, treatments, medications, side effects, or risks that may apply to a specific patient. It is not intended to be medical advice or a substitute for the medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment of a health care provider based on the health care provider’s examination and assessment of a patient’s specific and unique circumstances. Patients must speak with a health care provider for complete information about their health, medical questions, and treatment options, including any risks or benefits regarding use of medications. This information does not endorse any treatments or medications as safe, effective, or approved for treating a specific patient. UpToDate, Inc. and its affiliates disclaim any warranty or liability relating to this information or the use thereof. The use of this information is governed by the Terms of Use, available at https://www. wolterskluwer.com/en/know/clinical-effectiveness-terms.

Last Reviewed Date

2020-09-18

Copyright

© 2023 UpToDate, Inc. and its affiliates and/or licensors. All rights reserved.

Last Updated

Monday, December 12, 2022

Antifungal agents for common paediatric infections

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Candidal stomatitis in children – BLOG of pediatric dentistry UtkinZub

Candidal stomatitis, or fungal stomatitis, or thrush is the most common type of inflammation of the oral cavity in children. Although it is more common in young children, children of all ages are not immune from the occurrence of a curdled plaque with a rather unpleasant odor on the mucous membrane and tongue.

The causative agent of this type of inflammation is the Candida fungus, which is present in the microflora of the oral cavity, but some adverse factors can provoke its rapid multiplication and, as a result, candidiasis – inflammation of the mucous membrane.

Candidiasis is stomatitis on the tongue of a child and on the inside of the cheeks and lips, which is accompanied by severe pain and itching. Sometimes hyperemia (redness) and the appearance of plaque extends to the pharynx. Candida plaque is easily removed, brightly colored erosions are visible under it. There is one popular misconception that if you take a bandage with powdered sugar (or honey), remove the plaque, then the thrush goes away. Yes, plaque is removed, but sharp sugar microparticles injure the mucosa in new places and the microwounds are immediately infected with a fungus. After a while, stomatitis returns even more, since sweets serve as an excellent breeding ground for the fungus, as well as various bacteria, so such self-treatment can also end with infectious stomatitis in addition.

If your baby has inflammation in the mouth, immediately contact the experienced specialists of the Utkinzub clinic and they will determine the type of stomatitis and prescribe the appropriate treatment. And now we will tell you how to quickly cure stomatitis of fungal origin under the supervision of our doctors.

How to treat oral stomatitis

Treatment of candidiasis is carried out in two directions – local therapy and general treatment. It is known that all fungal diseases actively develop in an acidic environment, which means that in order to limit the spread, the pH in the mouth should be changed. The environment in the oral cavity can be alkalized with a soda solution or a 2% solution of boric acid. Often for children older than 3 years, lubrication with aniline dyes, in particular, methylene blue, is used. Candida stomatitis in infants treatment has its own characteristics, which you can read about in article “ Treatment of stomatitis in infants “. Alkaline solutions should be used to rinse the mouth several times a day, or to wipe the gums of the necks of the teeth, where most often a harmful fungus hides in plaque. The doctor will prescribe a special solution for the treatment of Candide stomatitis, which destroys the fungus. The period of application of the drug is strictly 10 days, you can not stop treatment, even if there is no visible thrush, since the fungus may not be completely eliminated, and if it returns, it will be resistant to the drug and intractable.

Diflucan can be prescribed for older children, but in a strictly individual dosage, which is determined by the doctor. It is also mandatory to use special antifungal ointments, vitamin complexes and immunomodulators will be prescribed to increase immunity. After the treatment, the teeth will be sanitized and the child will be taught the rules of oral hygiene. If the thrush persistently returns, then other family members who can constantly infect the child should be examined. A sick baby must be immediately isolated from other children, allocated a separate room, dishes and a towel, because candidal stomatitis is quite contagious. Complex forms of candidiasis are treated with antifungal medications, sometimes by injection. The prognosis is good, a cure is possible completely.

Ecofucin for the treatment of thrush during pregnancy.

Thrush is a disease of the vaginal and vulvar mucosa caused by yeast-like fungi of the genus Candida, which affects 35% of women during pregnancy ¹ .

At risk for the occurrence of a recurrent form of thrush are those pregnant women who have already had episodes of thrush in their anamnesis the level of estrogens rises, in connection with which glycogen accumulates in the vaginal mucosa – a nutrient medium for yeast-like fungi of the genus Candida.

Lactobacillus is the predominant microorganism in the vaginal microflora of a healthy woman. A normal concentration of lactobacilli provides the necessary acidity in the vagina, which inhibits the growth of fungi. Lactobacilli also participate in the formation of local immunity

In addition, during thrush, the vaginal microflora is disturbed – the number of lactobacilli decreases sharply. These changes lead to the growth and reproduction of pathogenic fungi of the genus Candida, which leads to an increase in the number of manifestations of acute and recurrent forms of thrush.

Symptoms of thrush in a pregnant woman:

• itching and burning in the vulva and/or vagina, swelling and irritation in the vulva
• vaginal discharge of a “cheesy character”, sometimes with an unpleasant odor
• pain during and after intercourse
• urination disorder and pain

The appearance of at least one of the symptoms is a reason for an unscheduled visit to the doctor.

Why is it important to diagnose and treat thrush in a pregnant woman in time?

Some women are asymptomatic carriers of yeast-like fungi of the genus Candida and experience neither discomfort nor manifestations of the disease throughout the entire period of pregnancy ²

A pregnant woman with thrush (including an asymptomatic carrier) is a source of infection for her unborn child. Infection from mother to child occurs in 75-80% of cases ³ . Infection of a newborn occurs when passing through the birth canal (the skin of the child comes into contact with the infected mucous membranes of the mother’s birth canal). In newborns, candidiasis is manifested by lesions of the mucous membranes and skin ² , which can lead to negative consequences. Premature babies are particularly susceptible to Candida infection ² .

Timely and effective treatment of thrush in a pregnant woman is an important task

Treatment of thrush

Safety and efficacy are the main criteria for choosing a drug in the treatment of thrush in pregnant women

The earlier a pregnant woman is diagnosed and treated for thrush, the less the risk of negative consequences and complications for the course of pregnancy and for the health of the mother and her unborn child. In the treatment of thrush, experts recommend an integrated approach to therapy.

It is important to follow the recommendations of a specialist, following the prescribed dosage and regimen.

Comprehensive treatment should be aimed at solving two problems: eliminating the cause of thrush (fungi of the genus Candida) and restoring the vaginal microflora. It is important to know that not all drugs are approved for use during pregnancy. For example, most oral (systemic) drugs and some topical drugs for treating thrush are contraindicated during pregnancy.

Ecofucin

^® in the treatment of thrush in pregnancy

Ecofucin

^® is allowed at all stages of pregnancy and lactation ⁴

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Natamycin

• practically not absorbed into the blood and has no systemic effect
• has fungicidal action – causes fungal cell death
• resistance to it does not develop
• does not inhibit the growth of natural microflora

+

Prebiotic ⁵

• actively fermented by the normal microflora of the vagina, stimulating the growth of lactobacilli ⁶
• causes restoration of the vaginal microflora, stimulates local immunity ⁶

The active ingredient ⁷ of the drug Ecofucin ^® eliminates the cause of thrush, and the prebiotic ⁵ in the preparation Ecofucin ^® helps to restore the vaginal microflora and strengthen local immunity ^{6 900 32 .}

Efficacy and safety of the drug Ecofucin proven by clinical studies

Ecofucin promotes faster recovery of patients with thrush.

More details

For pregnant women

Moscow
40 patients

For non-pregnant women

St. Petersburg
36 patients

Clinical cure occurred significantly earlier in the group of patients who used Ecofucin.

Kuzmin V.N., Bogdanova M.N. Ecofucin® is the first drug for the eradication of Candida fungi with the effect of stimulating the growth of lactobacilli in pregnant women. breast cancer. 2020; 1; 28-33

Ecofucin increases the number of own lactobacilli in the vagina and reduces the risk of recurrence of thrush.

More details

For pregnant women

Moscow
40 patients

For non-pregnant women

St. Petersburg
36 patients

Clinical cure occurred significantly earlier in the group of patients who used Ecofucin.

Kuzmin V.N., Bogdanova M.N. Ecofucin® is the first drug for the eradication of Candida fungi with the effect of stimulating the growth of lactobacilli in pregnant women. breast cancer. 2020; 1; 28-33

Dosage and Administration

The regimen for the use of Ecofucin ^® in a pregnant woman is prescribed by the attending physician individually.

Additional conditions for effective treatment of thrush are: giving up bad habits, a carbohydrate-restricted diet, wearing underwear made from natural fabrics, etc.

It is important to consult a gynecologist in a timely manner and exclude self-treatment.

1. Tikhomirov A.L., Sarsania S.I. Features of candidal vulvovaginitis in pregnant women at the present stage. // Farmateka No. 9, 2009, p. 64-70.

2. Prilepskaya V.N., Mirzabalaeva A.K., Kira E.F., Gomberg M.A., Apolikhina I.A., Bairamova G.R. Federal clinical guidelines “Urogenital candidiasis”. // 2013.

3. Kupert A.F., Akudovich N.V., Khoroshikh O.V., Vereshchagina S.A., Khmel T.V. Features of the clinic and treatment of vaginal candidiasis in pregnant women, depending on the type of fungi of the genus Candida.