About all

Oral herpes pictures inside mouth: Herpes Pictures and Cold Sores Pictures

Содержание

Types of Sores and Symptoms

Mouth sores affect between 70% to 90% of people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) at some stage in the disease. In fact, the various sores, plaques, lesions, and ulcers that are commonly seen in people with HIV may be an early sign of infection. However, in other cases, they could be an indication of disease progression to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).

The mouth sores that can result from HIV can substantially decrease a person’s quality of life, and the presence of these lesions are—in some cases—associated with their psychological health.

Mohd Akhir / EyeEm / Getty Images

Aphthous Ulcers

Aphthous ulcers are canker sores. They can occur in anyone but are more common—and tend to be more severe and recurrent—in people with HIV.

While the terms are often used interchangeably, “canker sores” and “cold sores” aren’t the same thing.

The primary symptoms of aphthous ulcers are most often found on the inner surface of the cheeks and lips, tongue, the upper surface of the mouth, and the base of the gums, and may include:

  • One or more painful, red spots or bumps that develop into an open ulcer
  • White or yellow center
  • Small size (most often under one-third an inch or 1 centimeter across)
  • Whiteish-gray membrane develops as healing starts

There may also be accompanying symptoms of aphthous ulcers like:

  • Fever
  • General discomfort or uneasiness (malaise)
  • Swollen lymph nodes

Diagnosis can be tricky because the sores can look like herpes simplex virus (HSV) ulcers. But medication for HSV ulcers doesn’t work on canker sores, so that’s one way of ruling that out as a possibility.

In some cases, larger aphthous ulcers may require a biopsy to ensure that they are not cancerous. Canker sores are treated with:

  • Saltwater rinses
  • Mouthwashes
  • Topical anesthetic
  • Topical steroids

Aphthous Ulcers Are Not Contagious

This comes down to the confusion between canker sores (aphthous ulcers) and cold sores. Cold sores are highly contagious, thanks to a virus. Canker sores, on the other hand, are not contagious.

Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)

There are two types of HSV: HSV-1 and HSV-2. Approximately 70% of people with HIV have HSV-2, while 95% have either HSV-1 or HSV-2.

Cold sores are more commonly linked to HSV-1 but can also involve HSV-2 when transmitted during oral sex. Outbreaks of HSV cold sores tend to be more common and severe whenever the immune system is suppressed.

The cold sores start out as lesions on lips and oral mucosa, then evolve in stages from papule (a solid, raised bump) to vesicle (a small, fluid-filled sac), to ulcer, and eventually crust.

There are several different stages of HSV cold sores, each with its own set of symptoms.

Before a cold sore becomes visible, symptoms may include:

  • Itching of the lips or skin around the mouth
  • Burning near the lips or mouth area
  • Tingling near the lips or mouth area

Then, before the cold sore blisters appear, accompanying symptoms may include:

  • Sore throat
  • Fever
  • Swollen glands
  • Painful swallowing

Lesions or a rash may form on your:

It’s also possible to have a cluster of HSV blisters, which is known as an outbreak. This may include:

  • Red blisters that break open and leak
  • Small blisters filled with clear yellowish fluid
  • Several smaller blisters that may grow together into a large blister
  • Yellow and crusty blister as it heals, which eventually turns into pink skin

In most cases, doctors and nurses can diagnose oral herpes simply by looking at it in an examination. Sometimes, they’ll want to run tests on a sample of the sore, including:

  • A viral culture
  • Viral DNA test
  • Tzanck test

HSV cold sores are typically treated with antiviral medicines like acyclovir, famciclovir, and valacyclovir. There are also antiviral skin creams, but they are costly and barely shorten the outbreak.

How Long Do HSV Sores Last?

The sores typically last for one to two weeks without treatment but can reoccur because HSV persists in the body.

Oral Candidiasis

Oral candidiasis—also known as oral thrush—is the most common oral opportunistic infection affecting people with HIV or AIDS. In fact, it’s the first sign of HIV in around 10% of cases.

Oral candidiasis involves the same type of fungus (Candida) that causes vaginal yeast infections.

The primary symptoms of candidiasis in the mouth and throat may include:

  • White patches on the inner cheeks, tongue, roof of the mouth, and throat
  • Redness or soreness
  • Cotton-like feeling in the mouth
  • Loss of taste
  • Pain while eating or swallowing (the main symptom of candidiasis in the esophagus)
  • Cracking and redness at the corners of the mouth

Oral candidiasis typically takes the form of white plaques that affect the oral mucosa, tongue, and both hard and soft palates.

The plaques are usually:

  • Painless and associated with a loss of taste and angular cheilitis (cracking of the skin at the corner of the patient’s mouth).
  • Difficult to remove or scrape off with a tongue blade—and the process often leaves behind inflamed, painful lesions that may bleed.

Diagnosis of oral candidiasis typically involves an examination based on appearance and other risk factors. If, after scraping, the base of the plaques become red, inflamed, and start bleeding, it typically results in an oral thrush diagnosis.

The sores are typically treated with topical or oral antifungals.

Candidiasis and AIDS

Candidiasis is an AIDS-defining condition when it occurs in the:

  • Esophagus
  • Trachea
  • Bronchi
  • Lungs

Esophageal candidiasis is one of the most common infections in people living with HIV/AIDS.

Oral Hairy Leukoplakia (OHL)

Oral hairy leukoplakia (OHL) can occur in up to 50% of people with HIV who are not under any HIV treatment (ART). OHL is also a common first symptom in people with HIV.

The onset of OHL is directly linked to immune suppression and tends to occur when the CD4 count drops below 300. OHL is due to an infection with the Epstein-Barr virus.

OHL can also occur with other forms of severe immunodeficiency—like chemotherapy patients—or those who have had an organ transplant or leukemia.

While OHL is sometimes asymptomatic, the noticeable symptoms include:

  • A nontender whitish plaque along the lateral border of the tongue, which may appear and disappear spontaneously.

Some patients may experience accompanying symptoms, including:

  • Mild pain
  • Dysesthesia
  • Altered sensitivity to food temperature
  • Alteration in the taste sensation due to alteration in taste buds
  • The psychological impact of its unappealing cosmetic appearance

What Do OHL Lesions Look Like?

OHL lesions may vary in severity and appearance—with some being smooth, flat, and small, while others are irregular, “hairy,” or “feathery” with prominent folds or projections.

In addition to the tongue, the sores can also be found on the buccal mucosa, and/or the gingiva.  Like oral candidiasis, OHL lesions cannot be scraped away.

Diagnosis takes place via a testing kit looking for:

  • DNA
  • RNA
  • Protein of the Epstein-Barr virus within the epithelial cells

OHL may not require any specific treatment other than antiretroviral therapy (ART), though some options include:

  • Antiviral medications
  • Topical retinoic acid
  • Cryotherapy (on occasion)

HIV-Associated Gingivitis

HIV-associated gingivitis—more commonly referred to as periodontal disease in people with HIV—takes two forms:

  • Linear gingival erythema: This itself used to be known as HIV-associated gingivitis and is the less severe of the two forms.
  • Necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis: This is the more severe of the two forms.

HIV-associated gingivitis is more commonly seen with advanced infection when the CD4 count is approaching 200.

The symptoms of HIV-associated gingivitis include:

  • Rapid loss of bone and soft tissue
  • Spontaneous reddening
  • Swelling
  • Bleeding of the gums
  • Painful ulcers at the tips of the interdental papilla and along the gingival margins

If left untreated, the cratered ulcers can trigger severe pain and tooth loss.

Many patients have had reasonable success with the following protocol:

  1. Plaque removal
  2. Local debridement
  3. Irrigation with povidone-iodine
  4. Scaling and root planing
  5. Maintenance with a chlorhexidine mouth rinse (Peridex) once or twice daily

In some cases, antibiotics are added to the regimen.

HIV-Associated Gingivitis vs. Regular Gingivitis

The biggest indications that gingivitis is associated with HIV include:

  • Rapid onset
  • The patient being in severe pain
  • Rapid destruction of an often extremely clean mouth

Human Papillomavirus (HPV)

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is most commonly associated with genital warts but can also occur in the mouth as a result of oral sex.

HPV is the most common sexually transmitted infection in the United States and comes in more than 100 different varieties. Approximately 10% of men and 3.6% of women have oral HPV, which can affect the mouth and back of the throat. It is also thought to cause 70% of oropharyngeal cancers in the United States.

Oral HPV does not have any symptoms—which is why it can be so easy to pass it along to other people without realizing it. If someone has HPV for an extended period of time, it could result in oropharyngeal cancer.

The symptoms of oropharyngeal cancer may include:

  • Abnormal (high-pitched) breathing sounds
  • Cough
  • Coughing up blood
  • Trouble swallowing, pain when swallowing
  • A sore throat that lasts more than two to three weeks, even with antibiotics
  • Hoarseness that does not get better in three to four weeks
  • Swollen lymph nodes
  • White or red area (lesion) on tonsils
  • Jaw pain or swelling
  • Neck or cheek lump
  • Unexplained weight loss

Not only does an oral HPV infection not have any symptoms, but there’s also no way to test for it.

If you’re experiencing some of the symptoms listed above and are concerned, it’s a good idea to talk to your doctor about it. They’ll examine your mouth and may order additional tests like a biopsy and imaging.

In most cases, oral HPV infections go away on their own without treatment within two years and typically don’t cause any health problems.

HPV Vaccinations

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommendations:

  • The HPV vaccine for routine vaccination at age 11 or 12, but it can be started as young as age 9.
  • Everyone through age 26 years—if not adequately vaccinated previously—should be vaccinated.
  • Not vaccinating those older than 26 years.

Kaposi Sarcoma (KS)

Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is the most common AIDS-defining cancer. At one point, it was frequently seen in people with AIDS, but levels decreased substantially as effective ART became available, and there were fewer people living with HIV experiencing CD4 counts falling to very low levels. Still, KS remains a strong indicator of disease progression.

KS is due to an infection with human herpesvirus-8 (HHV8).

KS can affect any part of the body and causes patches or lesions of abnormal tissue to grow under the skin, which are usually red or purple in color. This can occur:

  • In the lining of the mouth
  • Nose
  • Throat
  • Lymph nodes
  • Other organs

These patches are made of cancer cells, blood vessels, and blood cells.

While the KS skin lesions may not cause symptoms, they can spread to other parts of the body in people with HIV/AIDS. This becomes particularly serious if they spread to the digestive tract or lungs, as they can cause bleeding and make it hard to breathe.

In addition to a physical examination focusing on the lesions, your doctor may order additional tests to diagnose KS, including:

  • Bronchoscopy
  • CT scan
  • Endoscopy
  • Skin biopsy

The treatment options for KS depend on whether the person is immunosuppressed, the number and location of their tumors, and their other symptoms (including shortness of breath, coughing up blood, and leg swelling).

KS treatments include:

  • Antiviral therapy against HIV, since there is no specific therapy for HHV-8
  • Combination chemotherapy
  • Freezing the lesions
  • Radiation therapy

Unfortunately, in some cases, tumors and lesions may return after treatment.

A Word From Verywell

Many of the above-listed conditions can be avoided or resolved with the use of antiretroviral drugs—a major step forward in dealing with HIV/AIDS. In 2015, the Strategic Timing of AntiRetroviral Treatment (START) study—the first large-scale randomized clinical trial to establish that earlier antiretroviral treatment benefits all HIV-infected individuals—released new data. The findings included the fact that if HIV-infected individuals start taking antiretroviral drugs sooner, when their CD4+ T-cell count is higher, instead of waiting until the CD4+ cell count drops to lower levels, they have a considerably lower risk of developing AIDS or other serious illnesses. 

The Best At-Home Herpes Tests of 2021

FAQs

What Is Herpes?

Herpes is a general term that is most often used to describe genital infection with Herpes Simplex Virus 1 (HSV-1) or 2 (HSV-2). Both viruses can infect the genitals, causing genital herpes. HSV-1 is responsible for most cases of oral herpes. It is far less common for HSV-2 to cause oral herpes infection. Although historically HSV-1 has been referred to as the cold sore virus and HSV-2 as the genital herpes virus, a growing numbers of genital herpes infections have been caused by HSV-1.

Callout:

An oral herpes infection can be transmitted to a partner’s genitals through oral sex.

How Does the At-Home Herpes Test Work?

At-home herpes tests take advantage of the fact that blood tests for herpes are widely available through commercial lab-testing sites. The vast majority of at-home herpes tests use the same tests that would be ordered at the doctor’s office, provided by the same laboratories. However, instead of going to a doctor, the tests are ordered online. This can be a good option for people who are uncomfortable discussing sexual behavior with their doctor or whose doctor is not willing to test for herpes.

Are At-Home Herpes Tests Reliable?

At-home herpes tests are reasonably reliable at detecting established herpes infections. Useful at-home herpes tests are the same type-specific tests that would be ordered in a doctor’s office. These tests rely on your body having time to produce antibodies so that they can be detected. It can take up to four months after infection for these tests to detect an infection. If you are newly experiencing sores that you think might be herpes, you would be better off going to the doctor for a physical exam. Doctors can generally recognize herpes by the sore’s look, and the sore can also be tested directly for viruses using a viral culture. This can be more reliable for a new herpes infection. However, viral culture is very sensitive to the stage of healing. It is most effective on new sores.

How Much Do At-Home Herpes Tests Cost?

Most insurance companies do not cover herpes testing, either at-home or in-person. At-home tests cost an average of around $120 to $130, although some companies offer a discount for people who subscribe to regular testing. If your insurance does cover herpes testing, consider using one of the companies that bill insurance. This may be able to reduce your cost significantly. In some instances, you may be able to get reimbursed by your insurance company for testing.

Does Medicare Cover At-Home Herpes Tests?

Medicare does not cover at-home herpes tests. Medicare does not cover herpes testing at all, although it will cover testing for other STDs. It is possible that some at-home herpes tests can be covered by private insurance, and Nurx.com accepts Medicaid but only in three states (California, Illinois, and Texas). People who want to try to have their herpes test covered by insurance may be easier to go to their doctor or local STD clinic. Planned Parenthood and other Title X clinics may also offer free or low-cost STD testing, including testing for herpes. However, insurance coverage of herpes testing may be limited to people who have symptoms.

How We Chose the Best At-Home Herpes Tests

The at-home herpes test providers chosen for this list had to meet several criteria. First and foremost, the test used to detect the virus had to be highly reliable. That means laboratories had to use one of the type-specific herpes tests considered to be the gold-standard for herpes blood tests. (Herpes blood tests that are not type-specific are less reliable.) Test kits had to look for HSV-1 and HSV-2 because both virus types can cause genital infections, and HSV-2 testing alone can be misleading. The company had to offer counseling or access to a doctor when results were received to enable people to seek appropriate care. Finally, results from all providers had to be returned in a secure and timely manner. As most people interested in at-home herpes tests are doing so because of privacy concerns, companies had to take those concerns seriously.

More than 20 companies that offer at-home herpes tests were reviewed for this list. Tests were only eligible for inclusion if they met all of the above requirements.

A Word From Verywell

Medical professionals do not recommend that people without symptoms be tested for herpes. For people who do have symptoms, seeing a doctor is the best way to be diagnosed. At-home herpes tests are considered unreliable by medical professionals. In addition, blood tests take 2-12 days for incubation, so as a result, they might not suitable for detecting new infections. Should you choose to use an at-home test, we recommend you consult a doctor to interpret test results, confirm results, and advise regarding the best ways to manage herpes.

What Are the Different Types of Canker Sores?

What exactly are canker sores, and what are the different types? What are the symptoms, causes, and treatments?

p_saranya / Getty Images

Canker sores, also known as aphthous ulcers or aphthous stomatitis, are small lesions (sores) that occur inside of the mouth. The exact cause is unknown but they are not contagious.

Roughly 20% of people will develop canker sores at some time in their life, and the condition appears to run in families. Canker sores do not develop on the external surfaces of the lips and are not to be confused with cold sores.

Types of Canker Sores

Not all canker sores are alike. Canker sores may be classified as minor, major, or herpetiform.

Minor

Although painful, minor canker sores are often fully healed within two weeks after onset. The size of a minor canker sore varies but typically stays under 1/3 inch to 1/2 inch. Minor canker sores may also be referred to as “simple” canker sores. The relative incidence of this type of sore is 80%.

Major

Canker sores that appear larger than 1/3 inch to 1/2 inch, usually last longer than two weeks, and appear to have irregular, oddly-shaped margins. Rarely, this type of canker sore may leave behind a scar.

Major canker sores are common in people who are immunosuppressed due to chemotherapy or a condition such as HIV/AIDS. Major canker sores may also be referred to as “complex” canker sores. These account for 15% of canker sores.

Herpetiform Canker Sores

As a cluster of several (often dozens) of tiny lesions that appear to form one larger sore, herpetiform canker sores may last from one week to one month. These represent 5% of canker sores.

Canker Sore Symptoms

Canker sores appear inside of the mouth as round or oval sores typically with a red border and yellow, gray, or white center. Canker sores typically develop:

  • On the top surface of the tongue and the tip of the tongue
  • Underneath the tongue, on the floor of the mouth
  • The inside of the cheek and lip
  • On the gum tissue

One to two days before appearing visually, a burning or tingling sensation may be present in the area of your mouth where the lesion is developing. Rarely, a fever might be present when developing a canker sore.

Canker sores may become quite painful, especially when eating, drinking, and talking.

Causes

While we don’t know exactly what causes canker sores, several risk factors have been identified. Any form of trauma to the mouth, from sports injuries, to eating hot food, and even some ingredients in toothpaste may result in canker sores. Canker sores are also more common in people with certain vitamin deficiencies or who are immunosuppressed.

Treatment

Canker sores do not necessarily need to be treated, and even if they do, they may respond to simple at-home remedies such as a saltwater and sodium bicarbonate solution. When severe, prescription medications may be needed.

It is recommended that you seek treatment from your dentist if you have recurrent canker sores and/or canker sores that do not heal after 14 days.

One of the best ways to avoid canker sores is to treat the underlying causes. Improperly fitting dentures or broken teeth should be repaired. If it is hot or spicy food, or even gluten in food if you have celiac disease, making dietary changes may help.

Even stress management techniques may be of some benefit as stress appears to trigger canker sores for some people. Some potential causes are unavoidable, but you may wish to talk to your doctor if you are experiencing recurrent canker sores related to a medical condition.

Frequently Asked Questions

How do you treat a major canker sore?

If your canker sore is large and painful, your doctor may prescribe an antibacterial mouth rinse or a corticosteroid ointment. Over-the-counter oral pain gels are also available to help ease symptoms.

How long does it take a major canker sore to heal?

Major canker sores can take between four and six weeks to heal. They may also leave a scar.

A Word From Verywell

Canker sores can be uncomfortable and make it difficult to eat, or even talk. There are different types of canker sores, which are in turn related to different risk factors. Most of the time canker sores do not need to be treated, but home remedies, as well as prescription treatments, are available if needed.

What does herpes look like: Pictures, treatment, and prevention

We include products we think are useful for our readers. If you buy through links on this page, we may earn a small commission. Here’s our process.

Herpes sores can affect many areas of the body, including the mouth, genitals, and eyes. Knowing what herpes looks like across the body can help people diagnose the condition.

Herpes is a skin condition caused by the herpes simplex virus. The symptoms include sores that come and go over time. Different types of herpes affect different body parts.

This article will explain what herpes is, how people get it, and what herpes looks like with pictures.

Share on PinterestThe appearance of herpes will differ depending on the area of the body it affects.

Most people with HSV are asymptomatic, meaning they will not experience any symptoms. Others will notice sores or lesions. These sores look like blisters filled with fluid. Over a few days, the sores break open, ooze, and form a crust before healing.

People may also notice a tingling, itching, or burning feeling a few days before the sores appear. Some people may also experience flu-like symptoms, such as:

Someone who has contracted the virus will usually have their first sores, or an outbreak, between 2 and 20 days later. The sores may last up to a week or 10 days.

An outbreak may involve a single sore or a cluster of sores. They often affect the skin around the mouth, the genitals, or the rectum. The blisters can take between 2 and 4 weeks to heal.

The symptoms will usually reappear from time to time, though they do not tend to be as severe as the first time.

The following sections discuss the symptoms of herpes that arise on commonly affected body parts.

Herpes is a mild condition that causes small sores to appear on the skin.

People develop herpes after being exposed to the herpes simplex virus (HSV). There are two types of this virus:

  • herpes simplex 1 (HSV-1), or oral herpes, which usually affects the mouth
  • herpes simplex 2 (HSV-2), or genital herpes, which generally affects the genitals

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 67 percent of people under 50 years old have the HSV-1 virus, and 11 percent of 15 to 49 year-olds have the HSV-2 infection worldwide.

Both HSV-1 and HSV-2 can occur on the face or the genitals. People can contract both herpes viruses through bodily fluids, including genital fluids and saliva.

Once someone has the virus, the symptoms can flare up from time to time for the rest of their life. While the sores can be uncomfortable and even painful, they are not usually dangerous for otherwise healthy adults.

In oral herpes, most blisters appear on the lips or mouth. They can also form elsewhere on the face, especially around the chin and below the nose, or on the tongue.

At first, the sores look similar to small bumps or pimples before developing into pus-filled blisters. These may be red, yellow or white. Once they burst, a clear or yellow liquid will run out, before the blister develops a yellow crust and heals.

People with oral herpes may experience swollen lymph nodes in the neck during an outbreak.

Females with genital herpes may develop sores on the vulva, which is the external part of the genitals that includes the outer lips (labia), or inside the vagina. It may be difficult to see sores that develop inside the vagina.

Genital sores vary in size and number, but as with oral herpes, they look like pimples or blisters filled with fluid. They will burst and develop a yellowy crust as they heal.

Females are more likely to have trouble urinating during a genital herpes outbreak than men. They may experience a burning sensation while passing urine. They may also notice they have swollen lymph nodes in their groin.

Males with genital herpes may develop sores on and around the penis.

Small red or white pimples develop into larger, fluid-filled sores that may be red, white or yellow. As with oral herpes and female genital herpes, these sores tend to burst before crusting over.

Along with other flu-like symptoms, men may experience swollen lymph nodes in their groin.

Both men and women with genital herpes may develop sores or blisters on the buttocks or around the rectum.

A person may notice open, red wounds on or around the anus.

Herpes sores may also appear around the rectum, and a person may also develop swollen lymph nodes in the groin.

Herpes blisters can also develop on the fingers. This is called herpetic whitlow and is most common in children who suck their thumb.

Herpes can cause one or more sores to develop around the fingernail. A person will often experience pain or a tingling sensation in the area before the sore develops.

If multiple sores appear, they tend to join up and become one large, honeycomb-like blister within a week. They may also spread to the nail bed.

Herpes keratitis refers to a herpes infection in the eye. It may affect one or both eyes and causes:

  • eye pain
  • sensitivity to light
  • discharge from the eye

Anyone who suspects herpes keratitis should see a doctor. Without treatment, the infection can scar the eye, leading to cloudy vision, or even vision loss.

Herpes is a mild skin condition caused by the herpes simplex virus. It causes blister-like sores to appear anywhere on the body. The most commonly affected areas include around the mouth, the genitals, and buttocks.

There is no cure for HSV, and people who have contracted the virus will usually experience breakouts from time to time. The sores usually clear up on their own, though people can help treat outbreaks using antiviral medicine, such as:

  • acyclovir
  • famciclovir
  • valacyclovir

These treatments, which are available as creams or pills from drug stores or on prescription, can shorten the duration of a herpes outbreak.

To avoid transmitting herpes to other people, avoid skin-to-skin contact during flare-ups of symptoms, especially when the sores are open.

When a person has genital herpes, they can reduce the risk of transmitting the virus by using a condom between outbreaks. People with oral herpes can reduce the risk of transmission by avoiding kissing, sharing tableware, or performing oral sex during an outbreak.

Antiviral medication is available for purchase online.

Read the article in Spanish.

What does herpes look like: Pictures, treatment, and prevention

We include products we think are useful for our readers. If you buy through links on this page, we may earn a small commission. Here’s our process.

Herpes sores can affect many areas of the body, including the mouth, genitals, and eyes. Knowing what herpes looks like across the body can help people diagnose the condition.

Herpes is a skin condition caused by the herpes simplex virus. The symptoms include sores that come and go over time. Different types of herpes affect different body parts.

This article will explain what herpes is, how people get it, and what herpes looks like with pictures.

Share on PinterestThe appearance of herpes will differ depending on the area of the body it affects.

Most people with HSV are asymptomatic, meaning they will not experience any symptoms. Others will notice sores or lesions. These sores look like blisters filled with fluid. Over a few days, the sores break open, ooze, and form a crust before healing.

People may also notice a tingling, itching, or burning feeling a few days before the sores appear. Some people may also experience flu-like symptoms, such as:

Someone who has contracted the virus will usually have their first sores, or an outbreak, between 2 and 20 days later. The sores may last up to a week or 10 days.

An outbreak may involve a single sore or a cluster of sores. They often affect the skin around the mouth, the genitals, or the rectum. The blisters can take between 2 and 4 weeks to heal.

The symptoms will usually reappear from time to time, though they do not tend to be as severe as the first time.

The following sections discuss the symptoms of herpes that arise on commonly affected body parts.

Herpes is a mild condition that causes small sores to appear on the skin.

People develop herpes after being exposed to the herpes simplex virus (HSV). There are two types of this virus:

  • herpes simplex 1 (HSV-1), or oral herpes, which usually affects the mouth
  • herpes simplex 2 (HSV-2), or genital herpes, which generally affects the genitals

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 67 percent of people under 50 years old have the HSV-1 virus, and 11 percent of 15 to 49 year-olds have the HSV-2 infection worldwide.

Both HSV-1 and HSV-2 can occur on the face or the genitals. People can contract both herpes viruses through bodily fluids, including genital fluids and saliva.

Once someone has the virus, the symptoms can flare up from time to time for the rest of their life. While the sores can be uncomfortable and even painful, they are not usually dangerous for otherwise healthy adults.

In oral herpes, most blisters appear on the lips or mouth. They can also form elsewhere on the face, especially around the chin and below the nose, or on the tongue.

At first, the sores look similar to small bumps or pimples before developing into pus-filled blisters. These may be red, yellow or white. Once they burst, a clear or yellow liquid will run out, before the blister develops a yellow crust and heals.

People with oral herpes may experience swollen lymph nodes in the neck during an outbreak.

Females with genital herpes may develop sores on the vulva, which is the external part of the genitals that includes the outer lips (labia), or inside the vagina. It may be difficult to see sores that develop inside the vagina.

Genital sores vary in size and number, but as with oral herpes, they look like pimples or blisters filled with fluid. They will burst and develop a yellowy crust as they heal.

Females are more likely to have trouble urinating during a genital herpes outbreak than men. They may experience a burning sensation while passing urine. They may also notice they have swollen lymph nodes in their groin.

Males with genital herpes may develop sores on and around the penis.

Small red or white pimples develop into larger, fluid-filled sores that may be red, white or yellow. As with oral herpes and female genital herpes, these sores tend to burst before crusting over.

Along with other flu-like symptoms, men may experience swollen lymph nodes in their groin.

Both men and women with genital herpes may develop sores or blisters on the buttocks or around the rectum.

A person may notice open, red wounds on or around the anus.

Herpes sores may also appear around the rectum, and a person may also develop swollen lymph nodes in the groin.

Herpes blisters can also develop on the fingers. This is called herpetic whitlow and is most common in children who suck their thumb.

Herpes can cause one or more sores to develop around the fingernail. A person will often experience pain or a tingling sensation in the area before the sore develops.

If multiple sores appear, they tend to join up and become one large, honeycomb-like blister within a week. They may also spread to the nail bed.

Herpes keratitis refers to a herpes infection in the eye. It may affect one or both eyes and causes:

  • eye pain
  • sensitivity to light
  • discharge from the eye

Anyone who suspects herpes keratitis should see a doctor. Without treatment, the infection can scar the eye, leading to cloudy vision, or even vision loss.

Herpes is a mild skin condition caused by the herpes simplex virus. It causes blister-like sores to appear anywhere on the body. The most commonly affected areas include around the mouth, the genitals, and buttocks.

There is no cure for HSV, and people who have contracted the virus will usually experience breakouts from time to time. The sores usually clear up on their own, though people can help treat outbreaks using antiviral medicine, such as:

  • acyclovir
  • famciclovir
  • valacyclovir

These treatments, which are available as creams or pills from drug stores or on prescription, can shorten the duration of a herpes outbreak.

To avoid transmitting herpes to other people, avoid skin-to-skin contact during flare-ups of symptoms, especially when the sores are open.

When a person has genital herpes, they can reduce the risk of transmitting the virus by using a condom between outbreaks. People with oral herpes can reduce the risk of transmission by avoiding kissing, sharing tableware, or performing oral sex during an outbreak.

Antiviral medication is available for purchase online.

Read the article in Spanish.

What does herpes look like: Pictures, treatment, and prevention

We include products we think are useful for our readers. If you buy through links on this page, we may earn a small commission. Here’s our process.

Herpes sores can affect many areas of the body, including the mouth, genitals, and eyes. Knowing what herpes looks like across the body can help people diagnose the condition.

Herpes is a skin condition caused by the herpes simplex virus. The symptoms include sores that come and go over time. Different types of herpes affect different body parts.

This article will explain what herpes is, how people get it, and what herpes looks like with pictures.

Share on PinterestThe appearance of herpes will differ depending on the area of the body it affects.

Most people with HSV are asymptomatic, meaning they will not experience any symptoms. Others will notice sores or lesions. These sores look like blisters filled with fluid. Over a few days, the sores break open, ooze, and form a crust before healing.

People may also notice a tingling, itching, or burning feeling a few days before the sores appear. Some people may also experience flu-like symptoms, such as:

Someone who has contracted the virus will usually have their first sores, or an outbreak, between 2 and 20 days later. The sores may last up to a week or 10 days.

An outbreak may involve a single sore or a cluster of sores. They often affect the skin around the mouth, the genitals, or the rectum. The blisters can take between 2 and 4 weeks to heal.

The symptoms will usually reappear from time to time, though they do not tend to be as severe as the first time.

The following sections discuss the symptoms of herpes that arise on commonly affected body parts.

Herpes is a mild condition that causes small sores to appear on the skin.

People develop herpes after being exposed to the herpes simplex virus (HSV). There are two types of this virus:

  • herpes simplex 1 (HSV-1), or oral herpes, which usually affects the mouth
  • herpes simplex 2 (HSV-2), or genital herpes, which generally affects the genitals

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 67 percent of people under 50 years old have the HSV-1 virus, and 11 percent of 15 to 49 year-olds have the HSV-2 infection worldwide.

Both HSV-1 and HSV-2 can occur on the face or the genitals. People can contract both herpes viruses through bodily fluids, including genital fluids and saliva.

Once someone has the virus, the symptoms can flare up from time to time for the rest of their life. While the sores can be uncomfortable and even painful, they are not usually dangerous for otherwise healthy adults.

In oral herpes, most blisters appear on the lips or mouth. They can also form elsewhere on the face, especially around the chin and below the nose, or on the tongue.

At first, the sores look similar to small bumps or pimples before developing into pus-filled blisters. These may be red, yellow or white. Once they burst, a clear or yellow liquid will run out, before the blister develops a yellow crust and heals.

People with oral herpes may experience swollen lymph nodes in the neck during an outbreak.

Females with genital herpes may develop sores on the vulva, which is the external part of the genitals that includes the outer lips (labia), or inside the vagina. It may be difficult to see sores that develop inside the vagina.

Genital sores vary in size and number, but as with oral herpes, they look like pimples or blisters filled with fluid. They will burst and develop a yellowy crust as they heal.

Females are more likely to have trouble urinating during a genital herpes outbreak than men. They may experience a burning sensation while passing urine. They may also notice they have swollen lymph nodes in their groin.

Males with genital herpes may develop sores on and around the penis.

Small red or white pimples develop into larger, fluid-filled sores that may be red, white or yellow. As with oral herpes and female genital herpes, these sores tend to burst before crusting over.

Along with other flu-like symptoms, men may experience swollen lymph nodes in their groin.

Both men and women with genital herpes may develop sores or blisters on the buttocks or around the rectum.

A person may notice open, red wounds on or around the anus.

Herpes sores may also appear around the rectum, and a person may also develop swollen lymph nodes in the groin.

Herpes blisters can also develop on the fingers. This is called herpetic whitlow and is most common in children who suck their thumb.

Herpes can cause one or more sores to develop around the fingernail. A person will often experience pain or a tingling sensation in the area before the sore develops.

If multiple sores appear, they tend to join up and become one large, honeycomb-like blister within a week. They may also spread to the nail bed.

Herpes keratitis refers to a herpes infection in the eye. It may affect one or both eyes and causes:

  • eye pain
  • sensitivity to light
  • discharge from the eye

Anyone who suspects herpes keratitis should see a doctor. Without treatment, the infection can scar the eye, leading to cloudy vision, or even vision loss.

Herpes is a mild skin condition caused by the herpes simplex virus. It causes blister-like sores to appear anywhere on the body. The most commonly affected areas include around the mouth, the genitals, and buttocks.

There is no cure for HSV, and people who have contracted the virus will usually experience breakouts from time to time. The sores usually clear up on their own, though people can help treat outbreaks using antiviral medicine, such as:

  • acyclovir
  • famciclovir
  • valacyclovir

These treatments, which are available as creams or pills from drug stores or on prescription, can shorten the duration of a herpes outbreak.

To avoid transmitting herpes to other people, avoid skin-to-skin contact during flare-ups of symptoms, especially when the sores are open.

When a person has genital herpes, they can reduce the risk of transmitting the virus by using a condom between outbreaks. People with oral herpes can reduce the risk of transmission by avoiding kissing, sharing tableware, or performing oral sex during an outbreak.

Antiviral medication is available for purchase online.

Read the article in Spanish.

What does herpes look like: Pictures, treatment, and prevention

We include products we think are useful for our readers. If you buy through links on this page, we may earn a small commission. Here’s our process.

Herpes sores can affect many areas of the body, including the mouth, genitals, and eyes. Knowing what herpes looks like across the body can help people diagnose the condition.

Herpes is a skin condition caused by the herpes simplex virus. The symptoms include sores that come and go over time. Different types of herpes affect different body parts.

This article will explain what herpes is, how people get it, and what herpes looks like with pictures.

Share on PinterestThe appearance of herpes will differ depending on the area of the body it affects.

Most people with HSV are asymptomatic, meaning they will not experience any symptoms. Others will notice sores or lesions. These sores look like blisters filled with fluid. Over a few days, the sores break open, ooze, and form a crust before healing.

People may also notice a tingling, itching, or burning feeling a few days before the sores appear. Some people may also experience flu-like symptoms, such as:

Someone who has contracted the virus will usually have their first sores, or an outbreak, between 2 and 20 days later. The sores may last up to a week or 10 days.

An outbreak may involve a single sore or a cluster of sores. They often affect the skin around the mouth, the genitals, or the rectum. The blisters can take between 2 and 4 weeks to heal.

The symptoms will usually reappear from time to time, though they do not tend to be as severe as the first time.

The following sections discuss the symptoms of herpes that arise on commonly affected body parts.

Herpes is a mild condition that causes small sores to appear on the skin.

People develop herpes after being exposed to the herpes simplex virus (HSV). There are two types of this virus:

  • herpes simplex 1 (HSV-1), or oral herpes, which usually affects the mouth
  • herpes simplex 2 (HSV-2), or genital herpes, which generally affects the genitals

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 67 percent of people under 50 years old have the HSV-1 virus, and 11 percent of 15 to 49 year-olds have the HSV-2 infection worldwide.

Both HSV-1 and HSV-2 can occur on the face or the genitals. People can contract both herpes viruses through bodily fluids, including genital fluids and saliva.

Once someone has the virus, the symptoms can flare up from time to time for the rest of their life. While the sores can be uncomfortable and even painful, they are not usually dangerous for otherwise healthy adults.

In oral herpes, most blisters appear on the lips or mouth. They can also form elsewhere on the face, especially around the chin and below the nose, or on the tongue.

At first, the sores look similar to small bumps or pimples before developing into pus-filled blisters. These may be red, yellow or white. Once they burst, a clear or yellow liquid will run out, before the blister develops a yellow crust and heals.

People with oral herpes may experience swollen lymph nodes in the neck during an outbreak.

Females with genital herpes may develop sores on the vulva, which is the external part of the genitals that includes the outer lips (labia), or inside the vagina. It may be difficult to see sores that develop inside the vagina.

Genital sores vary in size and number, but as with oral herpes, they look like pimples or blisters filled with fluid. They will burst and develop a yellowy crust as they heal.

Females are more likely to have trouble urinating during a genital herpes outbreak than men. They may experience a burning sensation while passing urine. They may also notice they have swollen lymph nodes in their groin.

Males with genital herpes may develop sores on and around the penis.

Small red or white pimples develop into larger, fluid-filled sores that may be red, white or yellow. As with oral herpes and female genital herpes, these sores tend to burst before crusting over.

Along with other flu-like symptoms, men may experience swollen lymph nodes in their groin.

Both men and women with genital herpes may develop sores or blisters on the buttocks or around the rectum.

A person may notice open, red wounds on or around the anus.

Herpes sores may also appear around the rectum, and a person may also develop swollen lymph nodes in the groin.

Herpes blisters can also develop on the fingers. This is called herpetic whitlow and is most common in children who suck their thumb.

Herpes can cause one or more sores to develop around the fingernail. A person will often experience pain or a tingling sensation in the area before the sore develops.

If multiple sores appear, they tend to join up and become one large, honeycomb-like blister within a week. They may also spread to the nail bed.

Herpes keratitis refers to a herpes infection in the eye. It may affect one or both eyes and causes:

  • eye pain
  • sensitivity to light
  • discharge from the eye

Anyone who suspects herpes keratitis should see a doctor. Without treatment, the infection can scar the eye, leading to cloudy vision, or even vision loss.

Herpes is a mild skin condition caused by the herpes simplex virus. It causes blister-like sores to appear anywhere on the body. The most commonly affected areas include around the mouth, the genitals, and buttocks.

There is no cure for HSV, and people who have contracted the virus will usually experience breakouts from time to time. The sores usually clear up on their own, though people can help treat outbreaks using antiviral medicine, such as:

  • acyclovir
  • famciclovir
  • valacyclovir

These treatments, which are available as creams or pills from drug stores or on prescription, can shorten the duration of a herpes outbreak.

To avoid transmitting herpes to other people, avoid skin-to-skin contact during flare-ups of symptoms, especially when the sores are open.

When a person has genital herpes, they can reduce the risk of transmitting the virus by using a condom between outbreaks. People with oral herpes can reduce the risk of transmission by avoiding kissing, sharing tableware, or performing oral sex during an outbreak.

Antiviral medication is available for purchase online.

Read the article in Spanish.

90,000 How to treat herpes on the lips and oral mucosa in adults and children

Herpes simplex infection is very common. Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) primarily causes infection in or around the mouth (oral herpes). According to the World Health Organization, in 2012 the number of people infected with the HSV-1 virus was about 3.7 billion people under the age of 50, or 67% of the world’s population. Herpes can also appear on the gums, causing discomfort.But the dentist will help you deal with the problem.

Transmission

Infection occurs through airborne droplets or through oral contact. This often happens already in childhood. The virus is transmitted to a child through contact with family members, even by touching or sharing cutlery. Unless a child has become infected at home, it is possible through contact with the body fluids of other children at school, such as sneezing or eating together.

People who managed to avoid infection during childhood can get the virus during adolescence or youth. Transmission occurs by kissing a carrier of the virus, or using lip balm, razor blades, or other personal care products together.

Symptoms

Primary herpes occurs in a person who has not been sick before. Usually, several round papules appear in the corner of the mouth, they are accompanied by gingivostomatitis – an infection of the mouth and gums.In children and adults, gums are red, swollen, and sore. Bubbles form on the gums. They are filled with liquid and painful to open. In addition, painful sores develop on the gums. In addition to these symptoms, sore throat and increased salivation are possible.

Diagnostics

Often, the dentist diagnoses herpes in the mouth without special tests, by examining the oral cavity. But sometimes tests are recommended to distinguish herpes simplex from other conditions with similar symptoms, such as an STD.In this case, a small tissue sample is taken from the lesions and analyzed for viral or bacterial infections of other types. If the dentist suspects that the ulcers may be cancerous, they will also perform a biopsy.

Treatment

Herpes sores usually take 7 to 14 days to heal. Your dentist may recommend taking over-the-counter pain relievers and prescribing an antiviral medication.According to WHO, the most effective drugs for herpes simplex are antiviral drugs such as acyclovir, famciclovir, and valacyclovir. They help reduce the severity and frequency of symptoms, but the infection will not cure.

If you find it difficult to brush your teeth due to sensitive gums, try switching to a toothbrush with very soft bristles. This brush is designed for gentle cleaning of sensitive gums. Even if you have cold sores in your mouth, it is important to keep brushing your teeth and gums, and choosing the right hygiene products will significantly improve your well-being.

90,000 The whole truth about colds on the lips: causes and treatment

A fever, or sore on the lips, is usually caused by herpes simplex virus type I. More than 90% of people worldwide are infected with it.

This means that the virus constantly lives in the body, but mostly “asleep”, not everyone has manifestations of the disease. How do you keep it under control?

What is it?

Herpes is a virus that infects a cell, penetrating its genetic apparatus.It is completely impossible to get rid of the virus. However, he usually does not manifest himself in any way.

The most common symptoms of herpes are blister-shaped rashes that can appear on the lips, mucous membranes of the nose and mouth, on the genitals and on the body.

Unfortunately, the Russians have a well-established principle of treatment with exclusively external ointment. However, an important fact is that the virus is divided in the blood and treatment must be systemic. External agents are mainly prescribed only for mucous membranes, and even then as an additional measure, since the drug from the skin surface is practically not absorbed into the systemic circulation.In Europe, there is a very clear distinction in the frequency of relapses. It is believed that if exacerbations of herpes simplex occur up to four times a year, then this is a rare recurrence, and treatment is prescribed for exacerbation. If relapses of herpes simplex occur more than four times a year, then treatment with antiviral drugs is prescribed for life. This is a shock for an unprepared person: not only do you need to swallow pills, but also always! But this technique completely eliminates relapses, the patient begins to live fully.Moreover, more and more advanced drugs are now appearing. The main thing is that the problem can be solved and done safely. Sergey Kazakov, dermatovenerologist

You can get herpes in different ways. For example, genital, airborne or generic (from mother to child). Infection is also common through physical contact with the patient – shaking hands, touching common objects, kissing. It is considered the norm if the rash appears no more than four to five times a year and only on the lips.However, you need to be wary of exacerbations that occur more often. If rashes appear not only on the lips, but also on other parts of the body, it is necessary to urgently consult a doctor and undergo an immunological examination.

Reasons

The virus awakens when a person’s immune system weakens. This can happen for a variety of reasons: hypothermia, overheating, pregnancy, a lot of alcohol, stress, or infectious diseases.

Dormant herpes is not transmitted.It becomes most contagious when there are blisters and sores on the skin, from which discharge may appear.

After a person has had herpes, the virus remains inactive in the nerve cells under the skin. Therefore, it may appear in the same place in the future. A repeated exacerbation of the disease is provoked by a viral infection or fever, hormonal changes, stress, fatigue, exposure to sunlight and wind, and the instability of the immune system.

pixabaycom

Waking herpes often accompanies people with HIV infection and AIDS, eczema, severe burns, those taking chemotherapy and strong drugs.

The cause of cold sores in winter can be severe hypothermia, vitamin deficiency, lack of movement and fresh air, as well as SARS and flu.

Symptoms

Before the bubbles “hatch”, itching, burning, tingling may appear at the site of future rashes. Therefore, doctors recommend starting drug therapy at this stage, it is more effective.

Symptoms may persist for several days and the vesicles will heal within two to four weeks. During the first appearance of herpes, some people experience fever, painful erosion of the gums, sore throat, headache or muscle pain, and swollen lymph nodes.

Recurrence of oral herpes symptoms can cause discomfort and mental distress. In genital herpes, these factors impair quality of life and sexual intercourse.However, over time, most people get used to this “symbiosis”, they adapt to coexistence with the infection.

How to protect yourself

If herpes has already appeared, then the doctor should prescribe antiviral drugs to the patient for regular use. During an exacerbation of the disease, doctors advise to prevent its spread. To do this, it is necessary to avoid skin contact with other people, do not use common objects – towels, lip ointments, lipstick, dishes. Also, the patient should remember about hygiene and wash his hands as often as possible.

Herpes in the mouth is caused by the herpes simplex virus type I, often infection occurs in childhood. It is worth noting that the infection persists throughout life. The herpes virus is transmitted through the surface of the mouth and facial skin. The manifestation of rashes and relapses during life often provokes a reduced and weakened immunity. In order not to get infected with the herpes simplex virus, you should avoid kissing and contact with the saliva of people who have rashes in the mouth.Adequate sleep, a balanced diet, and a well-developed immune system that maintains normal vitamin D3 levels will help prevent relapse. If herpes is activated often – more than twice a year – or the rash is profuse, you should see a doctor. Irina Buleeva, general practitioner, clinical pharmacologist of the Online Doctor service

Firstly , you need to dress warmly. In order to prevent the recurrence of herpes, it is better to wear a long down jacket or fur coat, warm shoes and socks.Do not forget about the hat, mittens, scarf. It is better to prevent hypothermia than to be treated for two weeks.

Secondly , watch the power supply. Eating fruits and vegetables will save you from vitamin deficiency. Pay special attention to vitamins A, C and E. Ginger, tangerines, oranges, persimmons, boiled rose hips and other foods rich in nutrients will help support the immune system.

Thirdly , it is worth walking more and playing sports. Winter is the time for active sports and outdoor recreation.Those who don’t like skiing and snowboarding can simply enjoy a walk in the winter park or in the forest.

Fourthly , get good rest. Stress and nervous exhaustion also weaken the immune system. Don’t skip vacation or take on a lot of work when you’re feeling very tired. Herpes appears not only in winter, but also in summer. If the sun’s rays provoke it, use sunscreen before going outside.

[box type = »info» align = »» class = »» width = »»] As studies show, most people infected with the herpes virus have never noticed symptoms.

Herpes simplex virus is of two types. The former is transmitted primarily through oral contact and causes oral herpes, or cold sores. The second belongs to the number of sexually transmitted infections. [/ Box]

Cover photo: pixabay.com

90,000 Genital herpes – causes, signs, symptoms and treatment: diagnosis of herpes

Today, one of the most common viral diseases is herpes.This dormant, periodically exacerbating infectious process with characteristic vesicular rashes on the skin and mucous membranes is caused by two types of herpesvirus: HSV-1 and HSV-2.

Types of herpes simplex virus

HSV-1, or simple labial herpes (the so-called fever on the lips), is transmitted by airborne droplets or by contact (with particles of infected saliva when coughing and sneezing, when kissing, using someone else’s cups, spoons, etc.) … It can be asymptomatic or with rashes on the mucous membrane of the mouth, on the lips and on the wings of the nose.After the obvious signs of the disease disappear, the herpes virus does not die, but penetrates the trigeminal nerve node along the sensitive fibers and integrates into the genetic apparatus of nerve cells. With hypothermia, stress and other negative influences leading to a weakening of the body’s immune forces, the pathogen provokes relapses of the disease.

HSV-2, or genital herpes , affects the external genital organs and leads to the development of nonspecific diseases of the urogenital sphere.In this case, infection occurs through unprotected sexual intercourse. Just like herpesvirus type I, the pathogen penetrates the nerve cells located in the lumbar region and until a certain moment is there in a dormant state. In addition, in recent decades, due to the spread of the practice of oral sex, HSV-1 becomes the cause of genital herpes in 10–30% of cases.

How to recognize genital herpes

During an exacerbation, herpes in the intimate area causes the development of symptoms such as malaise, aching joints and muscles, a slight increase in body temperature.The characteristic signs of the disease include itching, tingling in the groin, in the genital area and anus, lumbago in the lower back, swelling and redness of the genitals, an increase in the inguinal nodes.

1-2 days after the initial manifestations of herpesvirus infection, rashes appear on the skin and mucous membranes in the form of small painful vesicles filled with a cloudy liquid. In men, as a rule, they are localized on the foreskin and on the coronal sulcus, less often they spread over the entire surface of the penis, and affect the pubis and scrotum.In women, genital herpes manifests itself in the form of a bubble rash on the labia, in the perineum and anus, in especially severe cases, vesicles are localized in the vagina and on the cervix (so-called vaginal and cervical herpes).

Relapses of the disease can be repeated 5–20 times a year and last for 2–3 weeks. During this period, a sick person is the most infectious (1 ml of bubble fluid can contain from 1 to 10 million viral particles).

Treatment of genital herpes

In the presence of symptoms of genital herpes, in order to avoid the development of complications, compulsory treatment with the use of drugs of specific antiviral chemotherapy is required.Their use (especially in the first knocks from the moment the rash appears) prevents the multiplication of the virus and thereby significantly alleviates the patient’s condition.

Drugs with proven efficacy used in the treatment of herpes include drugs based on acyclovir. With frequent exacerbations of the infectious process, in order to reduce the frequency of relapses, it is recommended to use them for several months (after consulting a specialist). Mild local analgesics are used to relieve itching, burning and pain.

Types of herpes

Types of herpes

The most common and poorly controlled infections are herpes. These are diseases of mammals, amphibians, fish, birds, caused by viruses of the Herpesviridae family, characterized by a variety of clinical manifestations, as a rule, a chronic course, as well as various routes of transmission of infectious agents.

The main sign of infection is the rash of vesicles on the skin or mucous membranes, grouped in small areas.

Herpes appears on the lips and the skin around them, or on the external genitals. At the place of spread, the disease can be oral or genital.

Oral herpes is also called a cold sore. This is due to the fact that the disease often manifests itself against the background of seasonal colds and seems to be their manifestation.
However, it is not. Herpes is an independent disease, and colds are the cause of its development.

Currently, the Herpesviridae family includes about 100 viruses.Moreover, only 8 viruses of the numerous herpesvirus family cause human diseases.

The mechanism of the spread of this group of viruses lies in the damage to the cells of the body, because of which, once getting into it, the virus remains there forever. Quite often, a person throughout his life lives with the herpes virus, which does not manifest itself in any way. This is a hallmark of the entire herpesvirus family.

The table shows the classification of the types of the virus and the diseases caused by the virus.

Herpes virus type

Virus name

Diseases caused by a virus

Type 1

HSV-1 (herpes simplex virus type 1)

Oral herpes, less often genital herpes

Type 2

HSV-2 (herpes simplex virus type 2)

Genital herpes, vaginal herpes, less often oral herpes

Type 3

Varicella-zoster virus

Chickenpox, shingles

Type 4

EBV (Epstein-Barr virus)

Infectious mononucleosis, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, CNS lymphoma, Burkitt’s lymphoma

Type 5

CMV (cytomegalovirus)

Infectious mononucleosis, hepatitis, retinitis

Type 6

HHV-6A, HHV-6B (roseolovirus)

Children’s roseola, exanthema

Type 7

HHV-7 (roseolovirus)

Chronic fatigue syndrome

Type 8

KSHV (Kaposi’s sarcoma herpesvirus)

Kaposi’s sarcoma

The first five types of human herpesvirus have now been studied and described.The sixth, seventh and eighth have so far been analyzed superficially, until the end of the relationship between them and diseases has not been precisely established.

Herpesvirus is transmitted by skin contact with its carrier, while in the carrier of the virus it does not necessarily turn into a disease. The virus has a fairly high contagiousness. Especially in the active form of the disease.

Causes of herpes

As already mentioned, herpesvirus can remain in the body for a long time without any external manifestations.The disease can develop against a background of several reasons:

  • hypothermia,
  • colds,
  • emotional exhaustion,
  • trauma,
  • inadequate food, often with diets,
  • menstruation,
  • side diseases.

All causes have a common feature – they lead to exhaustion. The virus begins to manifest itself as a disease when the body’s resistance decreases.

Herpes symptoms

Herpes has one classic symptom – the appearance of blisters on the skin and mucous membranes. They are distributed in small, concentrated groups.

In addition, the disease also has warning signs. These include itching, burning sensation, and mild tingling sensations around the mouth or genitals. However, as a rule, practically no one pays attention to them, although at this stage the treatment can give the maximum effect.

The picture of the manifestation of herpes simplex is as follows:

  1. Itching and discomfort occurs in the oral or genital areas (depending on the type of herpes).
  2. The disease is manifested by the development of an inflammatory process. A small swelling is formed, rapidly growing.
  3. The swelling turns into blisters with a clear liquid content. They burst and the liquid, which contains millions of viral particles, flows out. Then ulcers form at the site of the blisters.
  4. The ulcers dry up and then turn into scabs that can be very painful and bleed.

Photo: eshape.ru

Ten myths about herpes – Yarreg

The first myth. Herpes is too minor a disease to talk about it seriously.

– No. This is one of the most pressing problems! But before proceeding with the justification, let’s figure out what herpes viruses are. About 35 types of herpes viral infections are known. Of these, only 10 are pathogenic to humans. They are divided into:

1. Alpha herpes viruses – herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 (labial herpes – lat.lip), HSV type 2 (genital herpes) and shingles virus (Varicella zoster).

2. Beta herpes viruses – cytomegalovirus (causes mononucleosis), human herpes viruses of the 6th type (causes pseudo-rubella in children) and 7th type (the probable cause of chronic fatigue syndrome).

3. Gamma herpes viruses – Epstein-Barr virus (mononucleosis), human herpes virus type 8 (causes Kaposi’s sarcoma).

We will only talk about herpes simplex viruses (HSV) of the 1st and 2nd types.HSV 1 infected 90 – 95 percent of the world’s population, HSV 2 – about 35 percent. Both viruses, in addition to skin lesions, can cause eye damage, herpetic sore throat, herpetic stomatitis, rhinitis, cystitis. HSV 2, if the mother contracted it during pregnancy, can cause stillbirth or severe herpetic lesions of the fetus. The herpes virus can enter sperm and cause male infertility. So this infection is not as harmless as it seems.

The second myth. Once in the human body, herpes simplex viruses remain there forever.

– Quite right. If the causative agents of other infections, for example, gonorrhea, syphilis, can be destroyed, then herpes viruses cannot be expelled from the body. This is another aspect of their relevance and potential danger. The life pattern of herpes viruses is as follows: it gets on the skin or mucous membranes and along the branches of nerves that fit the skin, it rises to the nerve nodes. HSV 1 – into the trigeminal ganglion, HSV 2 – into the sacral ganglia. There, inside nerve cells, the virus multiplies and maintains itself. Then the virus descends along the nerve endings and gives rashes on the skin, mucous membranes, or is manifested by stomatitis, rhinitis and other atypical ways.This is the so-called primary herpes attack, which occurs at the first infection with the herpes virus. Most often, at least for labial herpes, it occurs in childhood and is most severe. Further, under the influence of one’s own immune system or treatment, the external manifestations of herpes disappear, but the reservoir of the virus in the nerve nodes remains. Then, during the subsequent life in a person, under the influence of provoking factors, relapses of herpes infection may occur.

The third myth.You can get herpes through a cup, spoon, or other household items used by an infected person.

– This contact-household route of infection is typical mainly for HSV 1. For example, a mother with herpes on her lips kisses a child, licks his nipple or spoon. Another way is airborne, when a herpes-infected person “sneezed-cough” and droplets of saliva with the virus got on the skin with wounds or into the respiratory tract. For HSV 2, the main route of infection is intrauterine from the mother and genital, since this is a classic sexually transmitted infection.The greatest likelihood of contracting the herpes virus exists from the person in whom it is currently manifested. But even if the virus is in a latent (latent) form and, in general, the disease manifests itself in a person once in a lifetime, he still secretes viruses, and infection from him is possible. There is a secondary infection with the herpes virus. For example, a person touched herpes on his lips, then rubbed his eyes and brought the infection there.

The fourth myth. Herpes simplex virus type 1 appears only on the lips and face, type 2 – only on the genitals.

– No. Before the sexual revolution, everything above the waist was considered HSV type 1, everything below it was HSV type 2. After the proliferation of oral sex, anal sex and the advent of sex toys, things got mixed up. HSV 1 can now appear on the genitals, and HSV 2 on the face. The path of infection is contact. For example, a girl with type 1 herpes on her lips can transfer it to her partner’s genitals and vice versa. Both types of viruses can appear anywhere on the body: on the finger, thigh, shoulder, etc.d.

But HSV 1 and HSV 2, now appearing in the same places, have significant differences. Herpes labial infections are milder, without severe skin damage, and are less frequent. Genital herpes infections, even on the lips, are more difficult with deep, long-lasting vesicles, accompanied by an increase in lymph nodes, a violation of general well-being, and its relapses (repetitions) occur more often. You can determine the type of herpes virus (type 1 or 2) by analyzing the blood or the contents of the herpes bladder.Such studies in Yaroslavl are carried out, for example, in the center of family and marriage and the regional dermatovenerologic dispensary.

The fifth myth. “Cold” on the lips appears from what “blew”.

– We have already said that the herpes virus remains in the body forever and comes out during life under the influence of provoking factors. “Blow” is one of the provoking factors. Other provoking factors of herpes:

1. Sun and ultraviolet radiation.For residents of the Yaroslavl region, this factor works when going to the solarium and on vacation in sunny countries.

2. Overheating and cooling. For example, the Russian national fun – “from the bath – into the hole”, for men – winter fishing, for women – spring-autumn washing of windows. Swimming in the pools. In Yaroslavl, all the pools are cold, so many of our patients – athletes (cyclists, athletes), who are recommended to swim in the pools to maintain their general tone, come with an exacerbation of genital herpes.

3. Any stress. Session for students, fasting on “three cabbage leaves” for girls who are losing weight, fasting for believers, etc.

4. Epidemics of influenza, ARVI and ARI.

5. Treatment with hormones, cytostatics, radiation therapy and other treatment for serious diseases.

Most people know which provocateurs cause herpes to recur.

The sixth myth. If you have the herpes virus in your body, you cannot get cancer.

– This is a myth.On the contrary, often recurrent herpes for no apparent reason may indicate an oncological disease. Here herpes acts as an indicator of immunodeficiency. It can also indicate other severe immunodeficiency conditions: tuberculosis, HIV infection, infection with other herpes viruses, such as the chronic fatigue virus.

The seventh myth. With herpetic eruptions, eye surgery should not be performed.

– No operations can be performed, including cosmetic procedures: peeling, removal of moles and papillomas, tattoos, piercings, Botox injections.If you have frequent recurrent herpes, and you really need to do the operation, or you really want a cosmetic procedure, then you need to undergo preventive treatment. Otherwise, you can get a very serious complication of herpes with bad consequences. I would like to emphasize: in the presence of herpes on the face, contact lenses should not be worn. Any accidental damage to the eye from contact lenses can lead to herpetic conjunctivitis and even herpetic keratitis with irreversible blindness.

The eighth myth.Herpes can be treated with earwax.

– This is a myth. Patients sometimes actually treat herpes with earwax, green stuff, testicle, honey, hot cake. But there are no such methods in the Russian standards for the treatment of herpes. They can be considered as a placebo treatment (the use of substances with no apparent healing properties as a drug, the therapeutic effect of which is associated with the patient’s own belief in the efficacy of the drug). But the placebo effect has not yet been canceled! For someone, these methods may work, especially since with herpes simplex, all rashes go away by themselves after 5 to 7 days.

The ninth myth. You can get rid of herpes by getting vaccinated.

– No. There are no effective herpes vaccines on the market today. According to one of the studies, there is a vaccine that only protects girls from infection with HSV 2.

The tenth myth. A general practitioner can easily identify and treat herpes.

– This is true for a typically flowing herpes. But a significant part of herpes infections are atypical.At such doctors as gynecologists, urologists, proctologists, from 5 to 20 percent of patients come with herpes infections, which are difficult to recognize by these specialists. Here are some examples. The urologist has been treating his child for chronic cystitis for 7 years, until they discovered that this is an atypical herpes. Another woman is a doctor about her child’s genital herpes came almost to trial. After the tests, it turned out that she herself was the source of the infection. From time to time, she had herpes sores on her elbow, which she took for abrasions.So herpes is not as easy for doctors as it is commonly thought.

How to effectively treat herpes infection – Suprun

On the topic

A dangerous infection was found in one of the regions of Ukraine – there is no vaccine against it

“Cold” on the lips is not treated with aloe, ice, corvalol or brilliant green, and genital herpes – with soda baths.”Pumping” the lips with hyaluronic acid can provoke an exacerbation of herpes. Acting wrote about this. Head of the Ministry of Health Uliana Suprun on her Facebook page.

She noted that there is a whole family of herpes viruses: human herpesvirus (HVL) types 1 and 2, chickenpox viruses, Epstein-Barr viruses, cytomegalovirus and human herpes viruses 6, 7 and 8. The type 2 virus mainly causes genital-anal infections, and the 1st – uro-labial (oral cavity, lips, other parts of the head). However, both viruses can infect all parts of the body, that is, during oral sex, “cold on the lips” can be transmitted to the partner’s genitals or vice versa.

What is known about the virus:

  • herpesvirus type 2 is transmitted during unprotected sex, as well as during vaginal birth, if the mother has an exacerbation of herpes at that moment;
  • herpesvirus type 1 can be transmitted through shared utensils when the infection is active;
  • Most people are infected with GVL-1 before the age of 5 from parents or other children;
  • while shaving your face there is a risk of spreading your virus from the site of manifestation in the hair follicles of the skin.This will lead to the so-called “herpetic sycosis”;
  • 90,320 people involved in contact sports can receive their own virus through blows in new areas of the body, for example, on the jaw or ear;

  • Even dentists who work without gloves can get nail and cuticle infections after contact with a person who has gingivostomatitis (one of the manifestations of herpes).

Herpes viruses of types 1 and 2 are diagnosed by PCR or serological methods, that is, either the DNA of the virus or antibodies to it are detected.In case of detection of GVL, another HIV test should be done. Routine screening for GVL is unnecessary.

Is it possible to recover after infection

After infection, viruses never go anywhere, but are in neurons and are activated from time to time. The trigger can be ultraviolet light, mechanical damage to the nerve, temporary or permanent impairment of immunity. During the activation of the latent virus, new virions are transported through neurons to the mucous membranes, and cause ulcers and skin rashes.

“However, the manifestations of the disease do not last constantly. This is good, because a person does not live in a state of constant discomfort. But the bad thing is that at this time the virus can be transmitted further. Over time, exacerbations of infections become less frequent. To reduce their frequency, duration , or complete prevention, use continuous or intermittent therapy with systemic antiviral drugs, “Suprun wrote.

How to treat herpesvirus infection

The initial course of therapy usually lasts 8-10 days or until the symptoms disappear.In this case, drugs of systemic action are prescribed, namely, tablets based on altered nucleotides. In the case of a very severe infection, intravenous medication is possible. Medical protocols advise against the use of topical drugs due to their low effectiveness. Herpes on the face often begins with a prodrome – a period when the disease can be felt as tingling, itching, pain, but cannot yet be seen. If you start therapy during the prodrome, it can stop the manifestation of the disease.

Continuous suppressive therapy by 70-80% reduces the likelihood of genital herpes in people prone to frequent exacerbations (6 or more per year). This approach (continuous therapy) improves the quality of life of patients much more effectively than episodic (once a year). But over time, the frequency of manifestations of infection decreases by itself, therefore, sooner or later, continuous therapy can be replaced by episodic therapy.

How to prevent herpes infection

  • Do not kiss if your partner’s lips or mouth begin to itch, tingle, or have a rash;
  • Do not drink together from the same cup or bottle with someone who has cold sores on their lips;
  • do not use general hygienic lipstick;
  • Have your partner / partner tested for HIV, herpes types 1 and 2, oncogenic strains of human papillomavirus and syphilis.In the absence of infections, hormonal contraceptives are sufficient. If one of the partners has genital herpes, then during exacerbations and manifestations from sex you need to refrain, even protected. The rest of the time you need to use condoms.

How to give birth if the mother has herpes

In most cases, herpes infection of newborns occurs in the children of mothers without a previous history of the disease. That is, he was, but did not appear in any way.If the infection occurred before childbirth, then the risk of transmission is 30-50%. If the mother had episodic manifestations of genital herpes before, or became infected during the 1st trimester, then the probability of transmitting the virus to the child is less than 1%.

Healthy women, whose partners have herpesvirus infection, should refrain from unprotected sex during the 3rd trimester. If a woman did not have manifestations of GVL-1 (on the lips), then during pregnancy one should refrain from oral sex with a partner carrying the virus.Before giving birth, a woman should be examined for genital herpes. If there are manifestations, then it is recommended to do a cesarean section.

What to do to keep herpes in a permanent latent state

  • use sunscreen;
  • before a trip to the mountains or to the sea, where the UV index is high, you can take a preventive course of anti-herpes drugs;
  • no “immunostimulants” prevent the recurrence of herpes infection;
  • there is no evidence of the effectiveness of ointments with antiherpetic components;
  • if herpes appears 1-3 times a year, then it is better to do with episodic therapy (once a year or in case of an exacerbation) – otherwise there is a risk of developing a virus strain resistant to therapy;
  • people whose immune systems have been weakened by anticancer therapy, immunosuppression due to transplantation, or HIV-infected people should be prevented from exacerbating herpes with medication and permanently;
  • before the introduction of fillers in the face or dermabrasion, a short course of anti-herpes therapy should be carried out if there is an understanding that there is a risk of herpes manifestation.

We will remind, earlier 5.ua reported that the deadly adenovirus killed 6 children in the United States, there are others infected.

Read on

See the related photo gallery:

90,000 Herpes on the lips – causes, diagnosis and treatment

Almost everyone is familiar with the condition when, during a cold, small grouped bubbles with liquid appear on the lips, which itch and hurt.This is herpes simplex caused by herpes simplex virus type 1 or 2. Both types of the virus can cause lesions of the skin and mucous membranes on the body of both localization, for example, after infection with the herpes simplex virus type 1 with the localization of a rash on the lips, herpes type 1 can be localized on the genitals during orogenital contact. Some types of herpes viruses affect a wide variety of sites. Almost all adults on the planet are carriers of the herpes simplex virus – the virus is actively spreading and remains in the human body for its entire life.

Modes of transmission of the herpes virus

The viability of the virus in the external environment at room temperature and normal humidity is maintained for a day, at a temperature of 50-52 ° C it is inactivated after 30 minutes, and at low temperatures (-70 ° C) the virus is able to remain viable for 5 days. On metal surfaces (coins, doorknobs, water taps), the virus survives for 2 hours, on wet sterile medical cotton and gauze – during their entire drying time (up to 6 hours).Herpes simplex virus is most easily transmitted by direct contact with damaged tissues or body fluids of an infected person. Also, transmission of the virus is possible during periods of asymptomatic virus carriage. The herpes virus is unable to penetrate through the intact stratum corneum of the skin, which is due to the absence of specific receptors on it.

Herpes on the lips

Oral herpes is easily diagnosed only in the presence of external manifestations – wounds or ulcers.In this case, it will not be difficult to diagnose the disease on your own by comparing herpes on the lip with a photo on the Internet. However, in the early stages, there are no symptoms of the disease, and herpes can only be diagnosed by laboratory methods. Prodromal symptoms, which appear even before the appearance of visible herpetic lesions, will make it possible to differentially diagnose the symptoms of herpes virus infection from, for example, allergic stomatitis. If the disease does not manifest inside the mouth, primary orofacial herpes may be mistaken for impetigo or bacterial contamination.In addition, mouth ulcers (aphthae) can also look like oral herpes, but no blisters appear. After contact with the source of infection, the viral particles enter the skin epithelium cells, then the virus migrates into the nerve cells by fusing the outer shell of the virus with the cell membrane, and the viral DNA is released inside the cell. Then it is transported along the dendrites of nerve endings into the body of a sensitive neuron, located in the sensory ganglion, where they are embedded in its genetic apparatus forever.After the penetration of the virus, the process of its active reproduction in the cell begins – persistence. With viral lesions of the lips, the persistence of the virus in the neurocytes of the sensitive ganglia of the trigeminal nerve is characteristic. In most people, the reproduction and shedding of the virus immediately after infection is asymptomatic. This can happen more than a week before or after the first symptoms appear in 50% of cases. The causative agent multiplies intensively in it. Focal death of the epithelium occurs: the cells increase in size, then die, forming foci of dead cells.The duration of the period of viral shedding when the virus is localized on the lips in herpes simplex-1 type is 6-33 days, and in herpes simplex-2 type – 1 day. Once infected, the body begins to synthesize antibodies against the specific herpes-type virus, preventing the infection from spreading. In the case of infection with the herpes simplex virus type 1, this production of antibodies will protect the body from other infectious processes caused by this virus, such as genital herpes, herpetic keratitis and felon.

Antibodies that are produced after the initial herpes infection prevent infection with the same type of virus: people with type 1 orofacial herpes do not have panaritium or genital herpes caused by herpes type 1.

Herpes on the lips: course of the disease

Herpes on the lips appears within a short time. It is localized mainly on the upper lip or in the corners of the mouth. Bubbles with liquid burst and form painful wounds, which dry up and become crusty in 3-4 days. The healing of these wounds is complicated by the fact that when talking or while eating, the crust can burst and the wound begins to bleed.

Treatment of herpes on the lips

There is currently no cure for herpes.Available drugs only suppress the multiplication of the virus, but do not remove fragments of viral DNA from neurocytes. Therefore, there is always the possibility of repeated rashes, especially with immunodeficiencies (for example, with HIV infection or tumors). The use of antiviral agents can suppress the activity of the virus and relieve symptoms. The treatment of herpes on the lips can take a long time – the wound can heal much faster if left alone, but in the case of the lips, this is almost impossible. Antiviral ointments such as acyclovir can help speed up the healing process.It has been proven that acyclovir and valacyclovir are effective in the treatment of facial herpes (lips), including in cancer patients. When applied topically for the treatment of facial herpes, acyclovir, penciclovir, docosanol (docosanol) are effective. These drugs are approved for sale without a doctor’s prescription. They must be used regularly, while observing the rules of hygiene: using only personal dishes, towels, and so on. Alternative methods act indirectly, having only a tonic, anti-inflammatory effect.Echinacea preparations stimulate the immune system. Lysine, being an essential amino acid, is a plastic material for tissue regeneration. Zinc ointments, when applied to the skin, have an anti-inflammatory, antiseptic and drying effect, preventing the penetration of the virus and accelerating the healing of ulcers. This should also include aloe vera extract and propolis as natural anti-inflammatory agents. If the symptoms of the disease persist for a long time, you need to see a doctor who will recommend how to treat herpes on the lips more effectively and avoid complications.

Herpes and weakened immunity

During primary infection, IgM antibodies are formed, with relapses – IgG and IgA. Due to the persistence of the virus in infected individuals, immunity is non-sterile. In some periods, under the influence of various factors, the disease may worsen and manifest itself in the form of well-known symptoms. In addition, the herpes virus itself is capable of inducing immunodeficiency. The level of immunity significantly affects the number and severity of relapses.After the stage of active infection, the virus remains inactive to live in the sensitive ganglia and ganglia of the autonomic nervous system. No viral particles are produced in this phase. The frequency and severity of outbreaks varies widely from person to person. Some develop ulcers that do not heal for weeks, while others show only slight itching and burning for several days. There is some evidence that heredity affects the rate of relapse. In the region of chromosome 21, there is a zone that includes 6 genes, which is associated with the frequency of flares.The severity and frequency of outbreaks decreases over time. After a few years, some people will not have any symptoms at all, although the virus will be secreted and able to be transmitted to others. In immunocompromised individuals, outbreaks will be more severe, longer, and more frequent. Outbreaks can occur in the same location or in close proximity to the nerve endings of infected ganglia.

Sources

  • Koutsoumourakis A., Gagalis A., Fotoulaki M., Stafylidou M. Rare Etiology of Odynophagia in a Female Adolescent.// Case Rep Gastroenterol – 2021 – Vol15 – N1 – p.352-358; PMID: 33790725
  • Hammerl V., Parlar B., Navarini A., Gantenbein L., Väth H., Mueller SM. Mucosal side effects in patients treated with topical imiquimod-A scoping review of the literature. // Dermatol Ther – 2021 – Vol34 – N1 – p.e14355; PMID: 329
  • Brandão TB., Gueiros LA., Melo TS., Prado-Ribeiro AC., Nesrallah ACFA., Prado GVB., Santos-Silva AR., Migliorati CA. Oral lesions in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection: could the oral cavity be a target organ? // Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol – 2021 – Vol131 – N2 – p.e45-e51; PMID: 32888876
  • Altalhab S., Aljamal M., Mubki T., AlNomair N., Algoblan S., Alalola A., AlJasser MI., Alissa A. Q-switched 532 nm Nd: YAG laser therapy for physiological lip hyperpigmentation: novel classification, efficacy, and safety. // J Dermatolog Treat – 2020 – Vol – NNULL – p.1-5; PMID: 32748662
  • Akagi T., Mukai T., Fujita S., Yamamoto T., Fukuda M., Morita Y. Severe oral stomatitis due to reactivation of herpes simplex virus type 1 in a methotrexate-treated patient with dermatomyositis.// Immunol Med – 2021 – Vol44 – N1 – p. 56-60; PMID: 32649847
  • Marcocci ME., Napoletani G., Protto V., Kolesova O., Piacentini R., Li Puma DD., Lomonte P., Grassi C., Palamara AT., De Chiara G. Herpes Simplex Virus-1 in the Brain : The Dark Side of a Sneaky Infection. // Trends Microbiol – 2020 – Vol28 – N10 – p.808-820; PMID: 32386801
  • Gfeller CF., Wanser R., Mahalingam H., Moore DJ., Wang X., Lin CB., Shanga G., Grove G., Rawlings AV. A series of in vitro and human studies of a novel lip cream formulation for protecting against environmental triggers of recurrent herpes labialis.// Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol – 2019 – Vol12 – NNULL – p.193-208; PMID: 30962701
  • Pursanova AE., Kazarina LN., Guschina OO., Serhel EV., Belozyorov AE., Abaev ZM. [Clinical and immunological features of oral and vermillion border precancer diseases]. // Stomatologiia (Mosk) – 2019 – Vol97 – N5 – p.23-26; PMID: 30346416
  • Begolli Gerqari A., Ferizi M., Kotori M., Daka A., Hapciu S., Begolli I., Begolli M.