What are the potential causes of pain in the lower left abdomen. How can you identify and treat conditions like diverticulitis, celiac disease, and inflammatory bowel disease. When should you seek medical attention for abdominal pain.

Understanding Lower Left Abdominal Pain: Common Causes and Symptoms

Pain in the lower left abdomen can be a source of discomfort and concern for many individuals. This type of pain can stem from various conditions, ranging from mild and easily treatable to more serious issues requiring medical intervention. Understanding the potential causes and associated symptoms is crucial for proper diagnosis and treatment.

What are the most common causes of lower left abdominal pain?

Some of the most frequent causes include:

• Diverticulitis
• Celiac disease
• Gas and indigestion
• Lactose intolerance
• Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
• Constipation
• Urinary tract infections

Each of these conditions presents unique symptoms and requires different approaches to treatment. Let’s delve deeper into some of the most prevalent causes.

Diverticulitis: A Common Culprit of Lower Left Abdominal Pain

Diverticulitis is a condition that occurs when small pouches (diverticula) in the intestinal wall become infected or inflamed. These pouches typically form in weak areas of the large intestine, particularly in the lower section known as the sigmoid colon.

How does diverticulitis cause abdominal pain?

When diverticula become inflamed, they can cause sudden and severe pain in the lower left side of the abdomen. This pain may start mild and worsen over several days. Other symptoms associated with diverticulitis include:

• Constipation or diarrhea
• Fever and chills
• Nausea or vomiting
• Occasional blood in stools

It’s important to note that diverticulitis can lead to serious complications if left untreated. Therefore, individuals experiencing these symptoms should consult a healthcare professional promptly.

Celiac Disease: When Gluten Becomes the Enemy

Celiac disease is a chronic condition affecting the digestive tract, triggered by the consumption of gluten – a protein found in wheat and various foods and healthcare products. For individuals with celiac disease, gluten ingestion prompts an immune response that attacks portions of the intestine, leading to a range of digestive issues.

What are the telltale signs of celiac disease?

Symptoms of celiac disease can vary but often include:

• Abdominal pain and pressure
• Bloating and gas
• Fatigue
• Unexplained weight loss
• Diarrhea

In children, undiagnosed celiac disease may result in malnourishment and growth impediments. The primary treatment for celiac disease involves strict adherence to a gluten-free diet to prevent symptoms and intestinal damage.

Gas and Indigestion: Common but Often Overlooked Causes

While often considered minor ailments, gas and indigestion can cause significant discomfort in the lower left abdomen. These conditions are natural occurrences in the digestive process but can sometimes lead to bothersome symptoms.

How can you differentiate between normal gas and problematic symptoms?

Normal gas typically presents as:

• Burping or belching
• Passing gas
• Mild bloating or swelling in the abdomen

However, if gas symptoms are accompanied by severe abdominal pain, constipation, diarrhea, or unexplained weight loss, it’s advisable to consult a healthcare provider. These could be indicators of underlying digestive issues.

Lactose Intolerance: When Dairy Becomes Problematic

Lactose intolerance occurs when the body lacks sufficient amounts of the enzyme lactase, which is responsible for breaking down lactose – the sugar found in milk and dairy products. This condition can lead to various digestive symptoms, including lower left abdominal pain.

How does lactose intolerance manifest in the body?

When a lactose-intolerant individual consumes dairy, undigested lactose passes into the colon, where bacteria break it down, creating gas and fluid. This process can result in:

• Abdominal pain and cramping
• Loose stools or diarrhea
• Bloating
• Excessive gas
• Nausea

Management of lactose intolerance typically involves dietary modifications, such as avoiding or limiting dairy intake, or using lactase enzyme supplements when consuming dairy products.

Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Chronic Inflammation of the Digestive Tract

Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is an umbrella term encompassing two main conditions: Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. These chronic disorders cause inflammation in various parts of the digestive tract, leading to a range of symptoms, including lower left abdominal pain.

What distinguishes Crohn’s disease from ulcerative colitis?

While both conditions fall under the IBD category, they affect different parts of the digestive system:

• Crohn’s disease most commonly affects the small intestine
• Ulcerative colitis primarily occurs in the large intestine (colon)

Symptoms of IBD can include:

• Abdominal pain and cramping
• Persistent diarrhea
• Blood in the stool
• Fatigue
• Unexplained weight loss

The exact cause of IBD remains unclear, but it’s believed to result from a combination of genetic factors and an abnormal immune response. Treatment typically involves a combination of medications, dietary changes, and in some cases, surgery.

When to Seek Medical Attention for Lower Left Abdominal Pain

While occasional mild discomfort in the lower left abdomen may not be cause for immediate concern, certain symptoms warrant prompt medical attention. Understanding these red flags can help individuals make informed decisions about when to consult a healthcare provider.

What symptoms indicate a need for urgent medical care?

Seek immediate medical attention if you experience:

• Severe or persistent abdominal pain
• High fever accompanying abdominal pain
• Blood in the stool or vomit
• Persistent nausea and vomiting
• Abdominal swelling or tenderness
• Unexplained weight loss
• Changes in bowel habits lasting more than a few days

These symptoms could indicate serious conditions such as appendicitis, intestinal obstruction, or severe infections that require prompt medical intervention.

Diagnostic Approaches for Lower Left Abdominal Pain

Accurate diagnosis of the underlying cause of lower left abdominal pain is crucial for effective treatment. Healthcare providers employ various diagnostic tools and techniques to identify the source of discomfort and determine the most appropriate course of action.

What diagnostic methods do doctors use to investigate abdominal pain?

Common diagnostic approaches include:

1. Physical examination: The doctor will palpate the abdomen to check for tenderness, swelling, or masses.
2. Medical history review: This helps identify potential risk factors, previous conditions, or patterns in symptoms.
3. Blood tests: These can reveal signs of infection, inflammation, or other abnormalities.
4. Stool samples: Useful for detecting parasites, blood, or other abnormalities in the digestive tract.
5. Imaging tests: X-rays, CT scans, or MRIs can provide detailed images of the abdominal organs.
6. Endoscopy: A camera-equipped tube is inserted into the digestive tract to visualize internal structures.
7. Colonoscopy: Similar to endoscopy but specifically examining the large intestine.

The choice of diagnostic method depends on the suspected underlying condition and the severity of symptoms. In some cases, multiple tests may be necessary to reach a definitive diagnosis.

Treatment Options for Lower Left Abdominal Pain

The treatment for lower left abdominal pain varies depending on the underlying cause. While some conditions may resolve with simple lifestyle changes or over-the-counter medications, others may require more intensive medical interventions.

What are some common treatment approaches for abdominal pain?

Treatment options may include:

• Dietary modifications: Eliminating trigger foods or following specific diets (e.g., gluten-free for celiac disease)
• Medications: Anti-inflammatory drugs, antibiotics, or condition-specific medications
• Probiotics: To promote healthy gut bacteria
• Stress management techniques: Such as meditation or cognitive-behavioral therapy
• Surgery: In severe cases of conditions like diverticulitis or IBD
• Lifestyle changes: Including regular exercise and maintaining a healthy weight

It’s important to note that self-diagnosis and treatment can be risky. Always consult a healthcare professional for persistent or severe abdominal pain to ensure proper diagnosis and treatment.

Preventing Lower Left Abdominal Pain: Lifestyle and Dietary Considerations

While not all causes of lower left abdominal pain are preventable, adopting certain lifestyle habits and dietary practices can help reduce the risk of developing some common conditions associated with this type of discomfort.

How can you minimize the risk of developing abdominal pain?

Consider implementing the following strategies:

• Maintain a high-fiber diet: This can help prevent constipation and diverticular disease
• Stay hydrated: Adequate water intake supports digestive health
• Exercise regularly: Physical activity promotes healthy bowel function
• Manage stress: Chronic stress can exacerbate digestive issues
• Avoid trigger foods: Identify and limit consumption of foods that cause discomfort
• Practice mindful eating: Eat slowly and chew thoroughly to aid digestion
• Limit alcohol and caffeine: These can irritate the digestive system
• Quit smoking: Smoking can increase the risk of various digestive disorders

By incorporating these habits into your daily routine, you may be able to reduce the likelihood of experiencing lower left abdominal pain and improve overall digestive health.

The Role of Gut Health in Preventing Abdominal Pain

Maintaining a healthy gut microbiome plays a crucial role in overall digestive health and can help prevent various causes of lower left abdominal pain. The gut microbiome consists of trillions of microorganisms that live in the digestive tract and play essential roles in digestion, immune function, and overall health.

How can you promote a healthy gut microbiome?

Consider the following strategies to support gut health:

• Consume probiotic-rich foods: Such as yogurt, kefir, sauerkraut, and kimchi
• Eat prebiotic foods: These feed beneficial gut bacteria and include garlic, onions, and bananas
• Diversify your diet: Eating a wide variety of foods promotes a diverse gut microbiome
• Limit processed foods: These can negatively impact gut bacteria
• Consider probiotic supplements: Under the guidance of a healthcare provider
• Reduce antibiotic use: Only use antibiotics when necessary, as they can disrupt gut flora

By nurturing a healthy gut microbiome, you may be able to reduce the risk of various digestive issues that can cause lower left abdominal pain.

Coping with Chronic Abdominal Pain: Mental Health Considerations

Chronic lower left abdominal pain can have significant impacts on mental health and quality of life. The persistent discomfort and potential lifestyle limitations associated with ongoing digestive issues can lead to stress, anxiety, and depression. Addressing these mental health aspects is crucial for comprehensive management of chronic abdominal pain.

What strategies can help in coping with chronic abdominal pain?

Consider the following approaches:

• Seek psychological support: Cognitive-behavioral therapy can be beneficial in managing pain and associated stress
• Practice relaxation techniques: Meditation, deep breathing exercises, or yoga can help reduce stress and pain perception
• Join support groups: Connecting with others who have similar experiences can provide emotional support and practical tips
• Maintain social connections: Isolation can exacerbate mental health issues associated with chronic pain
• Engage in enjoyable activities: Pursuing hobbies and interests can improve mood and provide distraction from pain
• Consider pain management techniques: Work with healthcare providers to develop a comprehensive pain management plan

Remember that mental health is an integral part of overall well-being. Don’t hesitate to discuss mental health concerns with your healthcare provider when dealing with chronic abdominal pain.

Pain in lower left abdomen: 14 possible causes

There are several possible causes of lower left abdomen pain. Some causes are more common and benign, while others can be serious and require medical attention.

Diverticulitis

Diverticulitis can cause lower left abdominal pain. Diverticulitis occurs when diverticula, which are small pouches in the intestinal wall, become infected and inflamed.

Diverticula form in weak areas of the large intestine, usually in the lower section — the sigmoid colon. They do not always cause symptoms or any problems. Many adults have diverticula, and it is more common in older adults.

In some cases, diverticula may cause some pain or cramping in the lower abdomen. If diverticula become inflamed, it can develop into diverticulitis.

Diverticulitis can cause pain in the lower left side of the abdomen, which may feel sudden and severe, but can also start off mild and get worse over several days. Other symptoms include:

• constipation or diarrhea
• fever and chills
• nausea or vomiting
• occasionally, blood in stools

Diverticulitis can cause serious complications without treatment, so people should consult a doctor if they have any of the above symptoms.

Celiac disease

Celiac disease is a chronic condition that occurs in the digestive tract when a person cannot digest gluten. Gluten is a protein found in wheat and is present in several foods and healthcare products.

When a person has celiac disease, eating gluten triggers their immune system to attack portions of the intestine, causing a range of digestive problems. Without treatment, celiac disease can cause long-term damage to the small intestine.

Symptoms of celiac disease may include:

• pain in the abdomen
• pressure and gas
• bloating
• fatigue
• weight loss
• diarrhea

Children with undiagnosed celiac disease may also experience malnourishment and growth impediments as a result of the condition. People with celiac disease should avoid gluten to prevent symptoms.

A person should speak with a doctor if they think they may have celiac disease.

Gas

It is natural to have gas in the digestive tract and occasional symptoms of gas. Swallowing air more frequently or eating certain foods may increase gas symptoms, such as:

• burping or belching
• passing gas
• bloating or swelling in the abdomen

Typically, gas is not anything to worry about and will pass out of the body through either the mouth or anus. Causes of gas include:

• digesting foods that are prone to releasing gas
• swallowing air
• smoking
• chewing gum
• overeating
• undigested foods
• certain bacteria in the stomach
• health conditions, such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

People should speak with a doctor if symptoms of gas are bothering them, they have a sudden change in symptoms, or they have additional symptoms, including abdominal pain and:

• constipation
• diarrhea
• constipation
• unexplained weight loss

Lactose intolerance

A person who is lactose intolerant has trouble digesting milk and milk-based products, such as cheese and yogurt. This is because they lack sufficient amounts of an enzyme called lactase. Lactase breaks down the lactose in milk, which consists of the simple sugars glucose and galactose.

People with lactose intolerance are unable to digest all the lactose from food and drink. Unabsorbed lactose passes into the colon, where bacteria break it down to create gas and fluid. This increase in fluid and gas can cause symptoms such as:

• pain in the abdomen
• loose stool or diarrhea
• bloating
• gas
• nausea

Inflammatory bowel disease

Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis are chronic conditions that can cause painful inflammation anywhere in the digestive tract. The umbrella term for both conditions is inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Crohn’s disease is most common in the small intestine, and ulcerative colitis occurs in the large intestine.

There is no clear cause of IBD, but it occurs due to a weakened immune system. Genetics may also play a role. Symptoms of IBD include:

• pain in the abdomen
• persistent diarrhea
• blood in the stool
• fatigue
• weight loss

Indigestion

Indigestion is a group of symptoms that affect the gastrointestinal (GI) system. Indigestion can cause abdominal pain, but this usually occurs in the upper part of the abdomen.

In most cases, indigestion is mild and does not cause complications. Symptoms of indigestion include:

• a burning sensation
• slight pain or discomfort in the abdomen
• heartburn
• bloating
• gas
• uncomfortable fullness after eating a meal

People may wish to try over-the-counter (OTC) indigestion relief medications.

If people have other symptoms alongside indigestion, it may indicate a more serious condition. People will need to see a doctor if indigestion lasts longer than 2 weeks, or if they also experience:

• black, tarry stools
• blood in vomit or persistent vomiting
• unexplained weight loss
• severe or constant pain in the abdomen
• difficulty swallowing
• pain in the chest, jaw, neck, or arm
• shortness of breath
• sweating
• jaundice

Shingles

The same virus that causes chickenpox causes shingles. Once a person has had chickenpox, the virus stays dormant in the body for the rest of their life. Sometimes, the virus can reactivate, causing pain and a rash that may wrap around one side of the abdomen.

Symptoms of shingles include:

• pain
• itching
• tenderness on the skin
• rash
• fluid-filled blisters

A person may feel tenderness and itchiness on one area of the skin before the rash appears. They may also experience a fever, chills, headache, or upset stomach. Shingles pain may vary from mild to severe.

Doctors usually prescribeantiviral medications for shingles, such as valacyclovir and acyclovir. Additionally, oatmeal baths or cool cloths for the skin may help ease discomfort.

Vaccines are available to help reduce the risk of a person developing shingles later in life.

IBS

IBS is a chronic gastrointestinal disorder. Symptoms of IBS may include:

• abdominal pain
• changes in bowel movements
• constipation or diarrhea
• gas
• bloating

Changes to the nerves and muscles relating to the gut cause IBS. Stress and anxiety may worsen IBS, so relaxation and regular exercise can help. People may also manage IBS with dietary changes, increasing dissolvable fiber intake, and avoiding foods that trigger symptoms.

Hernia

A hernia occurs when an organ or other body part pushes through the abdominal wall. A bulge may appear in the midsection or near the groin.

Different types of hernias can occur, and they vary according to the underlying cause. If people have symptoms of a hernia, they will need to see a doctor to find out what type of hernia it is and what treatment they may require.

Symptoms of a hernia can include:

• a bulge in the abdomen or groin
• pain or aching in the hernia area
• pressure at the site of the hernia
• increasing discomfort when straining the abdomen

Inguinal hernia

An inguinal hernia usually occurs in the groin area. They are more common in males but can affect females too.

Inguinal hernias can cause complications without treatment, so it is important to see a doctor for a diagnosis as soon as possible. People will usually need surgery to repair an inguinal hernia.

Constipation

Constipation occurs when a person cannot pass a stool, passes hard stools, or passes stools fewer than 3 times a week.

It may occur due to a lack of exercise, fiber, or fluids. Certain medications or IBS can also cause constipation. A person may treat constipation by improving their diet, doing regular exercise, and increasing fluid intake.

Symptoms of constipation include:

• abdominal pain
• straining or pain when passing stool
• dry, hard stools
• having fewer than three bowel movements in a week
• bloating or discomfort
• feeling sluggish

Kidney stones

Most kidney stones occur due to calcium buildup and can form in either the right or left kidney.

A person may develop a kidney stone and not realize they have it until the stone causes problems, such as blocking part of the kidney or causing severe pain as it passes.

Typical symptoms of kidney stones include:

• abdominal pain or ache
• pain when urinating
• nausea or vomiting
• blood in the urine
• fever and chills
• severe lower back pain on one side

Intestinal obstruction

When a blockage occurs in the intestine, food cannot pass through the digestive tract as normal. This results in an obstruction that needs immediate medical attention. Hernias and medical conditions affecting the intestines can lead to intestinal obstruction.

People with conditions such as IBD or colon cancer or who have had abdominal surgery may be more at risk of intestinal obstruction.

A person will need to contact a doctor straight away if they have these symptoms of intestinal obstruction:

• severe abdominal pain
• inability to pass stool
• swollen abdomen
• vomiting
• loud noises from the stomach

Ectopic pregnancy

An ectopic pregnancy can occur if a fertilized egg grows outside the uterus, usually in a fallopian tube. As the pregnancy progresses, this can cause the fallopian tube to burst, which can be life threatening.

Symptoms of ectopic pregnancy include:

• mild pain or cramping in the abdomen or pelvis
• lower back pain
• abnormal vaginal bleeding

These symptoms can develop into severe abdominal or pelvic pain, shoulder pain, and dizziness. Ectopic pregnancy is an emergency, and people will require immediate medical attention.

Learn more about female anatomy here.

Endometriosis

Endometriosis is a common condition that can affect females. Endometriosis occurs when tissue, which is similar to the lining of the uterus, grows outside the uterus. Endometriosis may occur due to menstrual cycle problems, genetic factors, or problems with the immune system.

The main symptom of endometriosis is pain, which can include:

• painful menstrual cramps
• abdominal pain
• pain in the lower back and pelvis
• pain during or after sex
• during periods, painful bowel movements, or pain when urinating

People may also have bleeding between periods, stomach issues, and difficulty with fertility. Hormone treatments, and in severe cases surgery, can help manage endometriosis symptoms.

To diagnose persistent or severe abdominal pain, a doctor can use a variety of techniques to explore the possible causes and identify a course of treatment. These include:

• computerized tomography (CT) scans
• ultrasound imaging
• magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans
• physical examination
• endoscopy, in which a doctor inserts a tube with an attached light and camera down the throat and into the stomach, producing an image of the lower abdomen

Identifying certain abdominal problems may require repeat visits and close follow-ups.

Once a primary care physician makes a diagnosis, they may refer the individual to a specialist, such as a gastroenterologist, who will be able to provide more focused care.

The type of treatment will depend on the condition causing the pain. A person should speak with a doctor to determine suitable treatment for their condition.

Lower abdominal pain due to an infection, such as diverticulitis, will often require medications and resting as treatment.

Other, more structural, problems, such as a hernia or an intestinal blockage, may require surgery.

Treatment for constipation and gas often includes basic dietary adjustments and, in severe cases, laxatives. For more chronic lower abdominal pain, such as the pain in IBS or IBD, more careful, long-term dietary management can help to manage symptoms.

Treatment for food intolerances, such as lactose intolerance, often involves excluding that food from the diet.

People should speak with a doctor about any abdominal pain that is persistent or severe or if they have concerns about any symptoms. People will also need to see a doctor if they have:

• blood in stools
• persistent diarrhea, constipation, or change in bowel movements
• unexplained weight loss

A doctor will need to examine chronic or persistent pain to find out the underlying cause and develop a treatment plan.

In many cases, a person is not likely to experience any lasting effects from abdominal pain.

If the abdominal pain is due to a chronic condition, such as Crohn’s disease or celiac disease, a doctor can help a person develop a treatment plan to improve their symptoms in the long term.

People may experience lower left abdominal pain for a range of reasons. Some causes can be temporary, but in some cases, the pain may be a sign of a chronic condition. People should speak with a doctor about any persistent or severe symptoms.

Treatments will depend on the underlying cause but may include lifestyle changes, medications, or surgery.

Pain in lower left abdomen: 14 possible causes

There are several possible causes of lower left abdomen pain. Some causes are more common and benign, while others can be serious and require medical attention.

Diverticulitis

Diverticulitis can cause lower left abdominal pain. Diverticulitis occurs when diverticula, which are small pouches in the intestinal wall, become infected and inflamed.

Diverticula form in weak areas of the large intestine, usually in the lower section — the sigmoid colon. They do not always cause symptoms or any problems. Many adults have diverticula, and it is more common in older adults.

In some cases, diverticula may cause some pain or cramping in the lower abdomen. If diverticula become inflamed, it can develop into diverticulitis.

Diverticulitis can cause pain in the lower left side of the abdomen, which may feel sudden and severe, but can also start off mild and get worse over several days. Other symptoms include:

• constipation or diarrhea
• fever and chills
• nausea or vomiting
• occasionally, blood in stools

Diverticulitis can cause serious complications without treatment, so people should consult a doctor if they have any of the above symptoms.

Celiac disease

Celiac disease is a chronic condition that occurs in the digestive tract when a person cannot digest gluten. Gluten is a protein found in wheat and is present in several foods and healthcare products.

When a person has celiac disease, eating gluten triggers their immune system to attack portions of the intestine, causing a range of digestive problems. Without treatment, celiac disease can cause long-term damage to the small intestine.

Symptoms of celiac disease may include:

• pain in the abdomen
• pressure and gas
• bloating
• fatigue
• weight loss
• diarrhea

Children with undiagnosed celiac disease may also experience malnourishment and growth impediments as a result of the condition. People with celiac disease should avoid gluten to prevent symptoms.

A person should speak with a doctor if they think they may have celiac disease.

Gas

It is natural to have gas in the digestive tract and occasional symptoms of gas. Swallowing air more frequently or eating certain foods may increase gas symptoms, such as:

• burping or belching
• passing gas
• bloating or swelling in the abdomen

Typically, gas is not anything to worry about and will pass out of the body through either the mouth or anus. Causes of gas include:

• digesting foods that are prone to releasing gas
• swallowing air
• smoking
• chewing gum
• overeating
• undigested foods
• certain bacteria in the stomach
• health conditions, such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

People should speak with a doctor if symptoms of gas are bothering them, they have a sudden change in symptoms, or they have additional symptoms, including abdominal pain and:

• constipation
• diarrhea
• constipation
• unexplained weight loss

Lactose intolerance

A person who is lactose intolerant has trouble digesting milk and milk-based products, such as cheese and yogurt. This is because they lack sufficient amounts of an enzyme called lactase. Lactase breaks down the lactose in milk, which consists of the simple sugars glucose and galactose.

People with lactose intolerance are unable to digest all the lactose from food and drink. Unabsorbed lactose passes into the colon, where bacteria break it down to create gas and fluid. This increase in fluid and gas can cause symptoms such as:

• pain in the abdomen
• loose stool or diarrhea
• bloating
• gas
• nausea

Inflammatory bowel disease

Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis are chronic conditions that can cause painful inflammation anywhere in the digestive tract. The umbrella term for both conditions is inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Crohn’s disease is most common in the small intestine, and ulcerative colitis occurs in the large intestine.

There is no clear cause of IBD, but it occurs due to a weakened immune system. Genetics may also play a role. Symptoms of IBD include:

• pain in the abdomen
• persistent diarrhea
• blood in the stool
• fatigue
• weight loss

Indigestion

Indigestion is a group of symptoms that affect the gastrointestinal (GI) system. Indigestion can cause abdominal pain, but this usually occurs in the upper part of the abdomen.

In most cases, indigestion is mild and does not cause complications. Symptoms of indigestion include:

• a burning sensation
• slight pain or discomfort in the abdomen
• heartburn
• bloating
• gas
• uncomfortable fullness after eating a meal

People may wish to try over-the-counter (OTC) indigestion relief medications.

If people have other symptoms alongside indigestion, it may indicate a more serious condition. People will need to see a doctor if indigestion lasts longer than 2 weeks, or if they also experience:

• black, tarry stools
• blood in vomit or persistent vomiting
• unexplained weight loss
• severe or constant pain in the abdomen
• difficulty swallowing
• pain in the chest, jaw, neck, or arm
• shortness of breath
• sweating
• jaundice

Shingles

The same virus that causes chickenpox causes shingles. Once a person has had chickenpox, the virus stays dormant in the body for the rest of their life. Sometimes, the virus can reactivate, causing pain and a rash that may wrap around one side of the abdomen.

Symptoms of shingles include:

• pain
• itching
• tenderness on the skin
• rash
• fluid-filled blisters

A person may feel tenderness and itchiness on one area of the skin before the rash appears. They may also experience a fever, chills, headache, or upset stomach. Shingles pain may vary from mild to severe.

Doctors usually prescribeantiviral medications for shingles, such as valacyclovir and acyclovir. Additionally, oatmeal baths or cool cloths for the skin may help ease discomfort.

Vaccines are available to help reduce the risk of a person developing shingles later in life.

IBS

IBS is a chronic gastrointestinal disorder. Symptoms of IBS may include:

• abdominal pain
• changes in bowel movements
• constipation or diarrhea
• gas
• bloating

Changes to the nerves and muscles relating to the gut cause IBS. Stress and anxiety may worsen IBS, so relaxation and regular exercise can help. People may also manage IBS with dietary changes, increasing dissolvable fiber intake, and avoiding foods that trigger symptoms.

Hernia

A hernia occurs when an organ or other body part pushes through the abdominal wall. A bulge may appear in the midsection or near the groin.

Different types of hernias can occur, and they vary according to the underlying cause. If people have symptoms of a hernia, they will need to see a doctor to find out what type of hernia it is and what treatment they may require.

Symptoms of a hernia can include:

• a bulge in the abdomen or groin
• pain or aching in the hernia area
• pressure at the site of the hernia
• increasing discomfort when straining the abdomen

Inguinal hernia

An inguinal hernia usually occurs in the groin area. They are more common in males but can affect females too.

Inguinal hernias can cause complications without treatment, so it is important to see a doctor for a diagnosis as soon as possible. People will usually need surgery to repair an inguinal hernia.

Constipation

Constipation occurs when a person cannot pass a stool, passes hard stools, or passes stools fewer than 3 times a week.

It may occur due to a lack of exercise, fiber, or fluids. Certain medications or IBS can also cause constipation. A person may treat constipation by improving their diet, doing regular exercise, and increasing fluid intake.

Symptoms of constipation include:

• abdominal pain
• straining or pain when passing stool
• dry, hard stools
• having fewer than three bowel movements in a week
• bloating or discomfort
• feeling sluggish

Kidney stones

Most kidney stones occur due to calcium buildup and can form in either the right or left kidney.

A person may develop a kidney stone and not realize they have it until the stone causes problems, such as blocking part of the kidney or causing severe pain as it passes.

Typical symptoms of kidney stones include:

• abdominal pain or ache
• pain when urinating
• nausea or vomiting
• blood in the urine
• fever and chills
• severe lower back pain on one side

Intestinal obstruction

When a blockage occurs in the intestine, food cannot pass through the digestive tract as normal. This results in an obstruction that needs immediate medical attention. Hernias and medical conditions affecting the intestines can lead to intestinal obstruction.

People with conditions such as IBD or colon cancer or who have had abdominal surgery may be more at risk of intestinal obstruction.

A person will need to contact a doctor straight away if they have these symptoms of intestinal obstruction:

• severe abdominal pain
• inability to pass stool
• swollen abdomen
• vomiting
• loud noises from the stomach

Ectopic pregnancy

An ectopic pregnancy can occur if a fertilized egg grows outside the uterus, usually in a fallopian tube. As the pregnancy progresses, this can cause the fallopian tube to burst, which can be life threatening.

Symptoms of ectopic pregnancy include:

• mild pain or cramping in the abdomen or pelvis
• lower back pain
• abnormal vaginal bleeding

These symptoms can develop into severe abdominal or pelvic pain, shoulder pain, and dizziness. Ectopic pregnancy is an emergency, and people will require immediate medical attention.

Learn more about female anatomy here.

Endometriosis

Endometriosis is a common condition that can affect females. Endometriosis occurs when tissue, which is similar to the lining of the uterus, grows outside the uterus. Endometriosis may occur due to menstrual cycle problems, genetic factors, or problems with the immune system.

The main symptom of endometriosis is pain, which can include:

• painful menstrual cramps
• abdominal pain
• pain in the lower back and pelvis
• pain during or after sex
• during periods, painful bowel movements, or pain when urinating

People may also have bleeding between periods, stomach issues, and difficulty with fertility. Hormone treatments, and in severe cases surgery, can help manage endometriosis symptoms.

To diagnose persistent or severe abdominal pain, a doctor can use a variety of techniques to explore the possible causes and identify a course of treatment. These include:

• computerized tomography (CT) scans
• ultrasound imaging
• magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans
• physical examination
• endoscopy, in which a doctor inserts a tube with an attached light and camera down the throat and into the stomach, producing an image of the lower abdomen

Identifying certain abdominal problems may require repeat visits and close follow-ups.

Once a primary care physician makes a diagnosis, they may refer the individual to a specialist, such as a gastroenterologist, who will be able to provide more focused care.

The type of treatment will depend on the condition causing the pain. A person should speak with a doctor to determine suitable treatment for their condition.

Lower abdominal pain due to an infection, such as diverticulitis, will often require medications and resting as treatment.

Other, more structural, problems, such as a hernia or an intestinal blockage, may require surgery.

Treatment for constipation and gas often includes basic dietary adjustments and, in severe cases, laxatives. For more chronic lower abdominal pain, such as the pain in IBS or IBD, more careful, long-term dietary management can help to manage symptoms.

Treatment for food intolerances, such as lactose intolerance, often involves excluding that food from the diet.

People should speak with a doctor about any abdominal pain that is persistent or severe or if they have concerns about any symptoms. People will also need to see a doctor if they have:

• blood in stools
• persistent diarrhea, constipation, or change in bowel movements
• unexplained weight loss

A doctor will need to examine chronic or persistent pain to find out the underlying cause and develop a treatment plan.

In many cases, a person is not likely to experience any lasting effects from abdominal pain.

If the abdominal pain is due to a chronic condition, such as Crohn’s disease or celiac disease, a doctor can help a person develop a treatment plan to improve their symptoms in the long term.

People may experience lower left abdominal pain for a range of reasons. Some causes can be temporary, but in some cases, the pain may be a sign of a chronic condition. People should speak with a doctor about any persistent or severe symptoms.

Treatments will depend on the underlying cause but may include lifestyle changes, medications, or surgery.

Pain during bowel movements – the causes of occurrence, in what diseases it occurs, diagnosis and methods of treatment

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Pain during bowel movements: causes of occurrence, in which diseases it occurs, diagnosis and methods of treatment.

Definition

Defecation is the physiological process of excretion of feces from the rectum, which is the final section of the large intestine. It ends in the anus, in which two sphincters (muscle rings) are distinguished. Under the pressure of feces, they open. A person can only control the external sphincter.

The appearance of painful sensations signals a violation of the proper functioning of the intestines and adjacent organs.

With normal bowel function, defecation occurs 1-2 times a day, sometimes a little less often. The frequency of bowel movements is accompanied by a change in the consistency of feces. Frequent stools are characterized by a liquid consistency, and with constipation, the feces become hard, can injure the mucous membrane of the rectum, causing painful sensations of varying severity.

Defecation is a reflex process controlled by the cerebral cortex.

As the rectum fills with stool, a signal is sent to the brain, the muscle rings contract and a bowel movement occurs. In a number of neurological diseases, proper signal transmission is disrupted, and the emptying process slows down, which leads to the accumulation of feces in the rectum, excessive pressure on the intestinal walls and sphincter.

Pain during bowel movements is a serious symptom of many diseases, so timely seeking medical help is necessary.

Types of pain during defecation

Pain during bowel movements can be felt directly in the anus or radiate (give) to the lower abdomen, lower back, legs. Patients describe it as cutting, drawing, throbbing, dull, or aching.

Possible causes of pain during bowel movements

One of the most common causes of pain during bowel movements is a pinched hemorrhoid. Around the rectum are veins that overstretch when blood stagnates in them. There are many reasons for such stagnation – a sedentary lifestyle, regular weight lifting, hereditary predisposition, malnutrition, pregnancy, anal sex, abuse of laxatives, certain sports (cycling, horseback riding), etc. Blood clots and ulcers form in the expanded areas of the veins . The swollen walls of the veins can be infringed and fall out of the anus. An attack of hemorrhoids is always accompanied by pain during defecation and spotting.

The disease seriously impairs the quality of life, and if a visit to the doctor is postponed and self-medication can lead to complications.

In the presence of cracks in the anus, that is, a violation of the integrity of the rectal mucosa, during a bowel movement, severe short-term pain is felt, the process may be accompanied by the release of blood. The cause of this pathology is often malnutrition, sedentary work.

An insufficient amount of fiber in food leads to a violation of the normal consistency of feces, and a sedentary lifestyle negatively affects the work of muscle fibers that are involved in the expulsion of feces from the intestines.

As a result, a person has to exert more effort during bowel movements, which causes cracks in the anus. When an infection enters the cracks, a purulent focus, an abscess in the submucosa of the rectum can form. In addition to pain during defecation, there is a feeling of heaviness in the perineum, throbbing pain, body temperature rises, and general weakness occurs.

An unbalanced diet and a sedentary lifestyle increase the risk of developing colonic diverticulosis – multiple hernia-like protrusions of the intestinal wall. The cause of the disease is a genetic predisposition, as a result of which the contractility of the intestinal wall worsens and diverticula form on it. The pain in this disease is localized in the abdomen, radiates to the lower back, anus, inguinal region and disappears after defecation.

With paraproctitis – inflammation of the tissues surrounding the anus – a purulent focus may be located near the anus. This disease begins suddenly, is characterized by acute pain during bowel movements, high fever, chills, pain may persist at rest and intensify with movement.

Nonspecific ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease are inflammatory diseases of the large intestine that develop as a result of immune disorders in the body, when the body’s own tissues, in this case, intestinal cells, are perceived by the immune system as foreign and the body begins to fight them, starting the process of inflammation. These are chronic diseases, their course is characterized by periodic exacerbations and periods of remission.

The first symptom of ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease may be pain during bowel movements, mucus and / or blood will be present in the stool.

There is also a general malaise, weakness, weight loss, the temperature can rise to 37–37.5 ° C.

Pain during bowel movements can be a symptom of such a formidable disease as rectal cancer. If you complain of weakness, loss of appetite, weight loss, spotting during bowel movements, you should immediately contact a specialist.

What diseases cause pain during defecation

1. Hemorrhoids.
2. Anal fissures.
3. Perianal abscess.
4. Acute paraproctitis.
5. Nonspecific ulcerative colitis.
6. Crohn’s disease.
7. Diverticulosis.
8. Tumor process.
9. Irritable bowel syndrome.

Which doctor should I contact if I have pain during bowel movements

Colon diseases are treated by a proctologist. After a thorough examination and history taking, additional tests and instrumental studies are prescribed. You may need to consult the following professionals:
oncologist,
gastroenterologist.

Diagnostics and examinations for pain during defecation

To clarify the diagnosis, the following examinations are prescribed:

• Clinical blood test with an expanded leukocyte formula in order to detect an inflammatory process.

Clinical blood test: general analysis, leukoformula, ESR (with microscopy of a blood smear in the presence of pathological changes)

Synonyms: Complete blood count, UAC. Full blood count, FBC, Complete blood count (CBC) with differential white blood cell count (CBC with diff), Hemogram.
Brief description of the study CBC: general a…

Up to 1 business day

Available with house call

RUB 810

Add to cart

Total thyroxine (T4 total, total tetraiodothyronine, Total Thyroxine, TT4)

Reflects the total content of the hormone thyroxine in the blood – the total level of free and protein-bound fractions.
Synonyms: Blood test for total thyroxine. Thyroxi…

Up to 1 business day

Available with house call

675 RUB

Add to cart

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)

A pituitary hormone that regulates thyroid function. One of the most important tests in the laboratory diagnosis of thyroid diseases.

Synonym…

Up to 1 business day

Available with house call

620 RUB

Add to cart

Comprehensive ultrasound examination of the abdominal organs (liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen)

Scanning of the internal organs of the abdominal cavity to assess its functional state and the presence of pathology.

RUB 3,090

Sign up

Koprogramma, Stool

There are restrictions on the days of taking samples in medical offices and receiving samples self-collected for this study (feces, urine, etc. ).
We recommend clarifying the in…

Up to 4 business days

Available with house call

725 RUB

Add to cart

Serological diagnosis of Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis (UC)

Up to 8 business days

Available with house call

5 705 RUB

Add to cart

CA 72-4 (Carbohydrate Antigen 72-4, CA 72-4)

Synonyms: Blood test for CA 72-4; Carbohydrate antigen 72-4; Cancer antigen CA 72-4.
Cancer Antigen 72-4; Carbohydrate Antigen 72-4; Tumor-Associated Glycoprotein 72; Tag 72.
Brief description of the study “CA 72-4…

Up to 1 business day

Available with house call

RUB 1,515

Add to cart

What should I do if I have pain during bowel movements?

It is very important to follow the correct diet, eat more fruits, vegetables, herbs, cereals, do not abuse alcohol, fatty and fried foods.

An active lifestyle, playing sports, walking in the fresh air also have a positive effect on bowel function and prevent stagnation of blood in the veins.

When acute pain occurs during defecation, suppositories with analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects, which may be recommended by the attending physician, will help.

Treatment of pain during defecation

Treatment of hemorrhoids includes the use of painkillers, anti-inflammatory, wound-healing suppositories, drugs that improve blood circulation, diet correction. In some cases, surgical methods are recommended – laser therapy or sclerocoagulation.

Therapy of anal fissures consists primarily in correcting the diet, prescribing local wound-healing, hemostatic drugs.

Paraproctitis and abscess require antibiotic therapy, anti-inflammatory ointments and suppositories.

Treatment of irritable bowel syndrome includes the appointment of sedatives, anti-anxiety drugs, drugs that regulate intestinal motility, enzymes to improve digestion. A lactose-free diet is also recommended.

Conservative therapy for diverticulosis involves the appointment of antibiotics, anti-inflammatory drugs, adherence to the diet prescribed by the doctor.

Sources:

1. Lavreshin P.M., Gobejishvili V.K., Zhabina A.V., Gobejishvili V.V., Vladimirova O.V. Therapeutic tactics in acute paraproctitis // Modern problems of science and education. – 2016. – No. 1.
2. Rivkin V.L. Modern concepts of pathogenesis and treatment of hemorrhoids. Medical advice. No. 2, 2013, pp. 103–107.
3. Clinical guidelines “Hemorrhoid”. Developed by: Association of Coloproctologists of Russia. – 2020.

IMPORTANT!

The information in this section should not be used for self-diagnosis or self-treatment. In case of pain or other exacerbation of the disease, only the attending physician should prescribe diagnostic tests. For diagnosis and proper treatment, you should contact your doctor.
For a correct assessment of the results of your analyzes over time, it is preferable to do studies in the same laboratory, since different laboratories may use different research methods and units of measurement to perform the same analyzes.

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Pain in the left side – causes, diagnosis and treatment

Why it hurts in the left side

Physiological factors

The left side often hurts after exercise. During intense exercise, blood rushes to the abdominal cavity, in particular to the spleen. This explains the characteristic stabbing sensations in the side, which disappear after 5-10 minutes of rest. The next day after training, abdominal pain on the left is possible due to tension in the abdominal muscles. Soreness is aggravated by getting out of bed, turning the body to the left, laughing and straining.

Constipation

Soreness in the left iliac region occurs when there is no bowel movement for 2-3 days or longer. The person complains of a feeling of fullness and dull pain in the lower abdomen on the left. Periodically there are urges to defecate, in which soreness intensifies, excruciating spasms are observed. The intensity of pain depends on the duration of constipation. Patients report the need for strong straining at the time of defecation, burning in the rectum when passing dry feces.

Irritable bowel syndrome

IBS is the most common pathological cause of pain in the left side. In this disease, pain sensations of various nature are noted: dull, aching, acute, constant or cramping. The most intense pain syndrome occurs in the morning after waking up, it is accompanied by excruciating tenesmus. After a bowel movement, the pain decreases or completely disappears.

In some cases, in order to improve the condition, a person needs to visit the toilet several times in the morning, because after a single bowel movement, there is a feeling of incomplete emptying of the intestine. During the day, pain in the left abdomen can be disturbing, but they are of lesser intensity. IBS sufferers do not have night pains that interfere with sleep. Typically, the pain syndrome increases with psycho-emotional overstrain, in women – before and during menstruation.

Sigmoiditis

With inflammation of the sigmoid colon, patients experience severe paroxysmal pain in the left side, which usually radiates to the lower back, perineum and thigh. The symptom is accompanied by painful false urge to defecate, loose, fetid stools with impurities of mucus and blood. In acute sigmoiditis, such signs are observed constantly, and in chronic pain they are provoked by errors in the diet, physical or mental overstrain.

Diverticulitis

Colon diverticula are characterized by moderate pain in the left side of the abdomen, which increases before the start of a bowel movement and disappears after a bowel movement. The intensity of pain increases if there is no stool for 3 or more days. Less commonly, there is paroxysmal pain that lasts for several hours. In addition to the pain syndrome, patients are concerned about the instability of the stool – the alternation of constipation and diarrhea.

Nonspecific ulcerative colitis

UC is characterized by severe spastic pain on the left above the ilium. With the spread of the pathological process to the descending colon, pain is felt throughout the left side. The pain syndrome is accompanied by constant diarrhea, the stool contains a large amount of blood, mucus. In the period of remission, there are aching pains and discomfort in the abdominal cavity on the left. With NUC, appetite disappears, weight decreases, painful tenesmus is possible.

Chronic pancreatitis

Damage to the pancreas is characterized by mild aching pain in the left side. Soreness worries a person constantly, increases when eating large portions of food, eating fatty or fried foods. Sometimes severe paroxysmal pain develops, which lasts from several minutes to several hours. Pain in the chronic form of pancreatitis is combined with stool instability, flatulence, and rumbling in the abdomen.

Intestinal infections

Cramping pains in the side on the left occur in infectious processes that occur with colitis syndrome – dysentery, amoebiasis, some forms of escherichiosis and salmonellosis. Severe cramps begin 12 to 48 hours after ingestion of contaminated food or water. They are accompanied by painful tenesmus, diarrhea up to 10-20 times a day. During defecation, feces with blood, mucus are excreted, there is a stool of the “rectal spit” type.

Tumors of the large intestine

With benign intestinal polyps, there are dull pains in the left side without a clear localization. The symptom is not associated with eating and defecation. Increased soreness occurs as the polyps increase in size, which creates obstacles for the movement of feces. A person feels a strong bursting in the flank or iliac region on the left. There are chronic constipation, to excrete feces, patients strain or help themselves with their hands.

Discomfort in the left side is a sign of cancer of the sigmoid or descending colon. With the growth of the tumor, severe abdominal pains appear, which are constantly present, do not depend on external provoking factors. Against the background of the pain syndrome, alternation of constipation with diarrhea develops, traces of fresh blood are found in the feces. Intolerable pains in the left side indicate the decay or ulceration of the tumor, its germination in neighboring organs.

Hernias

Pain in the lower abdomen is possible with a left-sided inguinal hernia. During the formation of a hernial protrusion, dull pain occurs, which increases with straining, physical activity, and torso tilts. With large hernias, irreducible or strangulated hernias, patients complain of severe pain. More rare causes are a hernia of the Spigelian line on the left, postoperative hernia.

Gynecological diseases

Pain in the left side of women is often caused by pathologies of the internal reproductive organs. Soreness is of a different nature, taking into account the degree of activity of the process and the depth of tissue damage. Gynecological pain in the abdomen is characterized by an increase in 2-3 days before menstruation, irradiation to the pubic region and perineum, dyspareunia (painful sexual intercourse). Most often, pain in the lower abdomen on the left occurs with left-sided adnexitis, endometriosis, ectopic pregnancy.

Damage to the kidneys

Pain in the left side is observed during exacerbation of urolithiasis – left-sided renal colic. Disturbed by excruciating constant or paroxysmal pain that radiates along the ureter to the lower abdomen and perineum. Patients rush around the bed or room, trying to find a position in which the pain will not be so intense. The symptom is accompanied by fever, urinary retention.

Complications of pharmacotherapy

Pain in the left iliac zone occurs with dysbacteriosis (dysbiosis) caused by the use of antibiotics. Patients complain of constant discomfort in the abdomen, cramps in the left side, aggravated after eating and before defecation. When emptying the intestines, a greenish feces with a fetid odor is released, the stool becomes more frequent up to 3-7 times a day. Characteristic signs of dysbiosis: flatulence and rumbling in the intestines, malabsorption syndrome, lack of appetite.

Diagnosis

During the examination, the gastroenterologist pays attention to the exact localization of pain, identified by palpation of the abdomen, evaluates the symptoms of peritoneal irritation. Valuable information can be obtained from a digital examination of the rectum, a standard gynecological examination. To confirm the diagnosis, a complex of laboratory and instrumental examination methods is prescribed, which includes:

• X-ray examinations . For a quick assessment of the condition of the intestine, a survey radiograph of the abdominal cavity is performed. To visualize the mucous membrane, to identify ulcerative or tumoral defects, radiography with oral contrast is done, barium enema. CT is used to refine the image.
• Endoscopic methods . The main method for diagnosing lesions of the large intestine is colonoscopy, which allows you to examine the intestinal wall, identify signs of an inflammatory or tumor process. During a colonoscopy, a biopsy of suspicious areas of the mucosa is taken. Rectosigmoscopy is rarely used.
• Sonography . Ultrasound is informative for the detection of hernias of the anterior abdominal wall. Ultrasound examination of the pancreas and hepatobiliary zone is indicated for suspected chronic pancreatitis. Women must undergo a pelvic ultrasound to exclude gynecological diseases.
• Fecal tests . The coprogram assesses the levels of muscle fibers, starch grains and neutral fats, an increase in which indicates malabsorption and a problem with the secretion of pancreatic enzymes. In the presence of inflammation in the feces, a large number of leukocytes, mucus are found. Stool culture is performed, Gregersen’s reaction.
• Additional methods . Sometimes laparoscopy, positron emission tomography is prescribed for differential diagnosis. When examining women with complaints of pain in the left side, colposcopy and hysterosalpingoscopy are performed. Conducted clinical and biochemical blood tests.

Palpation of the left iliac region

Treatment

Help before diagnosis

No treatment is required for colic in the side that occurs during training. It is recommended to temporarily limit physical activity until the discomfort disappears. To get rid of left-sided pain caused by constipation, you need to add fresh or baked vegetables and fruits, sour-milk products, black bread to the diet. These products stimulate intestinal motility.

To reduce pain caused by emotional upheavals (for example, in IBS), it is important to minimize stressful situations, if necessary, visit a psychologist. Severe pain in the left side indicates severe gastroenterological or gynecological diseases, so self-medication in this case is unacceptable. The combination of a painful attack with a sharp deterioration in the condition is an indication for emergency medical care.

Conservative therapy

Treatment is selected after the cause of pain in the side is established. With a strong pain syndrome, anesthesia comes to the fore – non-narcotic and narcotic analgesics, antispasmodics, local anesthetics in the form of blockades are used. To eliminate pain, it is necessary to act on the cause of their appearance, therefore, therapy includes the following drugs:0003

• Probiotics . Medicines restore intestinal microflora and digestion, eliminate discomfort in the left lateral and lower abdomen. They are usually combined with pancreatic enzymes to quickly normalize the digestive tract.
• Laxatives . For chronic constipation, oil-based rectal suppositories are prescribed, which facilitate the act of defecation. With their ineffectiveness, herbal remedies, osmotic laxatives, oils for oral administration are used.
• Intestinal antiseptics . In infections and dysbacteriosis, non-absorbable drugs that act in the intestinal lumen are effective. Rarely resort to systemic antibiotics.
• Corticosteroids . Hormones of the adrenal cortex have a powerful anti-inflammatory effect in the treatment of UC. They contribute to the transition of the disease to the stage of remission and reduce pain in the left side. Steroids are often taken in combination with immunosuppressants, anticytokines.

For gynecological pain, preparations of female sex hormones are used. For pain that occurs due to neurological disorders, sedative herbal preparations, mild sleeping pills are indicated. Physiotherapeutic methods are prescribed: electrosleep, neurosedative massage, reflexology. Patients are advised to undergo a course of psychotherapy.

Surgical treatment

Surgical interventions are performed in complicated diverticulitis, ineffectiveness of conservative treatment of ulcerative colitis. An absolute indication for surgical treatment are malignant tumors of the intestine. The scope of the operation is determined by the nature and severity of the pathology.