Temporomandibular Joint Disorder | Cedars-Sinai

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What is temporomandibular joint disorder?

The temporomandibular joint is actually two pairs of joints that make it possible for the jawbone to rotate and slide. This joint connects the lower jaw to the skull. The temporomandibular joints can be found on either side of the head in front of the ears. These joints allow us to talk, chew and yawn.

When one or more of these joints become inflamed or painful, the condition is called temporomandibular joint disorder (TMJD).

What causes temporomandibular joint disorder?

The lower jaw has rounded ends that glide in and out of the joint socket when you talk, chew or yawn. These are called the condyles. They are covered with cartilage and are separated by a small shock-absorbing disk, which keeps the movement smooth.

TMJD can occur from:

• Wear and tear on the cartilage.
• Damage to the surfaces of the teeth due to neglect or injury.
• Loose or lost teeth that have led to damage of the jawbone or poor alignment of the upper and lower jaws.
• Poor alignment of the teeth or jaw when biting down. This can cause sensitivity of the teeth as well as affecting the muscles and the temporomandibular joint.
• Overuse of the muscles of chewing. This may occur if a person chews gum continuously, bites fingernails or pencils, grinds the teeth, has a habit of clenching the jaw, biting the cheek or lip or thrusting the jaw out when speaking, exercising or other actions.
• Erosion or improper movement of the disk.
• Damage to the joint from a blow or other impact.
• Arthritis.
• Trigger points in the muscle tissue that cause myofascial pain syndrome.
• Infections deep in the jaw.
• Tumors.

Often, it isn’t clear what is causing the TMJ symptoms.

TMJ disorders most commonly occur in women between the ages of 30 and 50.

What are the symptoms of temporomandibular joint disorder?

Symptoms of TMJD include:

• Pain, including tenderness in the jaw, aching pain in or around the ear, and aching facial pain. Pain may be present whether the temporomandibular joint is moving or not.
• Difficulty opening the mouth fully.
• Difficulty or discomfort while chewing.
• A clicking or popping sensation in the joint.
• Locking of the joint that makes it hard to open or close the mouth.
• Headache.
• Uncomfortable bite.
• An uneven bite because one or more teeth are making contact with each other before the other teeth do.

How is temporomandibular joint disorder diagnosed?

TMJD is diagnosed based on the patient’s symptoms. A doctor will take a medical history to learn how long you have had the symptoms, whether you have had a recent injury to the jaw or recent dental treatment.

The doctor will do a physical examination. This will include listening to and feeling your jaw when you open and close your mouth and checking to see what range of motion you have in the joint. The doctor will ask whether you have felt a clicking, popping or rough crackling sound when the lower jaw moves.

The doctor will press on areas of your jaw and face to locate the pain or discomfort. They may also ask about whether you are feeling stress and how you cope with such feelings. You will be asked about habits such as clenching your teeth, chewing gum, etc.

The doctor will check your bite. They will look for lost teeth, unusual placement of teeth, signs of chronic teeth grinding. It may be necessary to follow up with X-rays of the teeth.

In some cases, a computed tomography scan may be done to check the bones of the joint. A magnetic resonance imaging scan may be done to reveal problems with the disk in the joint.

How is temporomandibular joint disorder treated?

Treatment of TMJD varies, depending on what is causing the symptoms. Treatment may include:

• Arthocentisis, a procedure that flushes debris and the byproducts of inflammation out of the joint.
• Correcting poor habits such as grinding the teeth or chewing gum. Sometimes a device (a night guard) inserted in the mouth can help control grinding of the teeth.
• Corrective dental treatment.
• Drugs to relieve pain and reduce swelling and inflammation.
• Splints that reposition the jaw, ligaments and muscles into better alignment.
• Surgery to correct abnormalities of the jaw.
• Stress management such as meditation, deep breathing and progressive muscle relaxation.
• Stretching or massaging the jaw muscles.
• Applying heat or cold to the muscles to relieve inflammation and pain.

Key points

• Temporomandibular joint disorder happens when there is inflammation or pain in the joints that make is possible for the jawbone to rotate and slide.
• The disorder can happen due to wear and tear on the cartilage, arthritis, injuries, dislocations, structural problems in the joint, dental problems infections or tumors.
• Treatment options run from stretching and massaging to surgery.

Next steps

Tips to help you get the most from a visit to your healthcare provider:

• Know the reason for your visit and what you want to happen.
• Before your visit, write down questions you want answered.
• Bring someone with you to help you ask questions and remember what your provider tells you.
• At the visit, write down the name of a new diagnosis, and any new medicines, treatments, or tests. Also write down any new instructions your provider gives you.
• Know why a new medicine or treatment is prescribed, and how it will help you. Also know what the side effects are.
• Ask if your condition can be treated in other ways.
• Know why a test or procedure is recommended and what the results could mean.
• Know what to expect if you do not take the medicine or have the test or procedure.
• If you have a follow-up appointment, write down the date, time, and purpose for that visit.
• Know how you can contact your provider if you have questions.

Not what you’re looking for?

Temporomandibular disorder – NHS

Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is a condition affecting the movement of the jaw. It’s not usually serious and generally gets better on its own.

Check if you have temporomandibular disorder (TMD)

Signs of TMD include:

• pain around your jaw, ear and temple
• clicking, popping or grinding noises when you move your jaw
• a headache around your temples
• difficulty opening your mouth fully
• your jaw locking when you open your mouth

The pain may be worse when chewing and when you feel stressed.

TMD can also stop you getting a good night’s sleep.

How to ease temporomandibular disorder (TMD) yourself

There are some simple things you can do to try to reduce your jaw pain.

Do

• eat soft food, like pasta, omelettes and soup

• take paracetamol or ibuprofen

• hold ice packs or heat packs to the jaw, whichever feels better

• massage the painful jaw muscles

• try to find ways to relax

Don’t

• do not chew gum or pen tops

• do not bite food with your front teeth

• do not yawn too wide

• do not bite your nails

• do not clench your teeth – apart from when eating, your teeth should be apart

• do not rest your chin on your hand

How to make your own ice packs and heat packs

Try either:

• a pack of frozen peas, wrapped in a tea towel, for no more than 5 minutes at a time, or
• a hot water bottle, wrapped in a tea towel, twice a day for 15 to 20 minutes

Non-urgent advice: See a GP if:

• you’re unable to eat or drink
• the pain is affecting your daily life
• the pain is affecting your sleep
• the pain and discomfort keep coming back

Information:

Coronavirus update: how to contact a GP

It’s still important to get help from a GP if you need it. To contact your GP surgery:

• visit their website
• use the NHS App
• call them

Find out about using the NHS during coronavirus

Treatments for temporomandibular disorder (TMD) from a GP

The GP may suggest:

• stronger painkillers
• relaxation techniques to reduce stress
• ways to improve your sleep

They might suggest you see:

• a dentist – if teeth grinding might be an issue
• a psychologist – if stress and anxiety are making your pain worse
• a physiotherapist – for advice about jaw exercises and massage

If these treatments do not help, you may be referred to a specialist in joint problems to discuss other options, such as painkilling injections or surgery.

Causes of temporomandibular disorder (TMD)

TMD can be caused by:

• teeth grinding
• wear and tear of the joint
• a blow to the head or face
• stress
• an uneven bite

Page last reviewed: 05 August 2020
Next review due: 05 August 2023

Why Does My Jaw Hurt by My Ear? | TMJ

Are you experiencing simultaneous pain in your jaw and your ear? There could be a multitude of reasons behind the pain. The Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) is usually the source of pain when it comes to the jaw and ear.

If you are wondering “Why does my jaw hurt by my ear?” you are definitely on the right page. In this article, we will unearth some of the most common causes behind jaw and ear pain and how to remedy them.

Possible Reasons Why Your Jaw Hurts by Your Ear

Osteoarthritis

The most common kind of arthritis in the TMJ is osteoarthritis. Although common, it should still be taken seriously. Osteoarthritis is the result of constant wear and tear of the cartilage enveloping the joint. This triggers stiffness in the joint, eventually resulting in critical pain behind the ear and jaw.

Ear Infections

Often, ear infections are caused by viruses or bacteria. They can also be caused when water or other fluids build up in and around your ear, leaving you susceptible to earache and jaw pain. Also, if you experience a mild to high fever coupled with reduced stamina, that’s a red flag.

In a condition called mastoiditis, undiagnosed ear infections may spread to other parts of the body as well. As the infection spreads, the person might encounter massive swelling and pain near the ear and jaw on one side.

In fact, severe cases of this condition can demand immediate diagnosis as they could be life-threatening.

Sinusitis

Pain under the ear or behind the jaw bone could be the result of sinusitis. But this only happens when you have a precondition of cold allergies. Since it is a virus borne infection, your nasal passage becomes irritated. This could also be accompanied by a runny nose.

Teeth Grinding

How do you know if your teeth are actually grinding? What are the symptoms? If you are experiencing erosion in your teeth or severe strain in your gums or muscles, this could be it.

The tension caused can create pain in the neck, on the front and sides of the face, or in the ears. In some cases, it can cause massive damage to the teeth, ultimately breaking them.

How to Treat Jaw Pain Caused by TMJ

You can try to nurse it from home, which is the least invasive way. Eat soft foods, stretch and massage your jaw, and apply heat and cold alternately to it.

If your symptoms persist, your doctor may recommend any of the following treatments.

Medicines

Some over-the-counter medicines (pain relievers and anti-inflammatories) commonly prescribed for TMJ are Tylenol and ibuprofen.

Therapies

Therapies can include mouthguards to wear while sleeping, as well as physical therapy to get the jaw muscles strong and flexible.

Surgical procedures

Arthrocentesis, corticosteroid injections, TMJ arthroscopy and modified condylotomy are procedures only done in the rarest of cases.

Improve your Quality of Life

Don’t let these issues get in the way of your quality of life. Say Hello to Raleigh TMJ, a leading sleep therapy and TMJ center. It is best known for offering non-surgical therapies and enhancing the quality of your life, painlessly.

Request an appointment right away and bid goodbye to all your TMJ troubles. Additionally, you can check out our other services, which include a cure for headaches, facial pain, snoring, sleep apnea, and more. Why wait? Request an appointment!

Temporomandibular Disorder (TMD) | Johns Hopkins Medicine

What are the temporomandibular joints (TMJ)?

The temporomandibular joints (TMJ) are the 2 joints that connect your lower jaw to your skull. More specifically, they are the joints that slide and rotate in front of each ear, and consist of the mandible (the lower jaw) and the temporal bone (the side and base of the skull). The TMJs are among the most complex joints in the body. These joints, along with several muscles, allow the mandible to move up and down, side to side, and forward and back. When the mandible and the joints are properly aligned, smooth muscle actions, such as chewing, talking, yawning, and swallowing, can take place. When these structures (muscles, ligaments, disk, jaw bone,  temporal bone) are not aligned, nor synchronized in movement, several problems may occur.

What is temporomandibular disorder (TMD)?

Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are disorders of the jaw muscles, temporomandibular joints, and the nerves associated with chronic facial pain. Any problem that prevents the complex system of muscles, bones, and joints from working together in harmony may result in temporomandibular disorder.

The National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research classifies TMD by the following:

• Myofascial pain. This is the most common form of TMD. It results in discomfort or pain in the fascia (connective tissue covering the muscles) and muscles that control jaw, neck and shoulder function.

• Internal derangement of the joint. This means a dislocated jaw or displaced disk, (cushion of cartilage between the head of the jaw bone and the skull),  or injury to the condyle (the rounded end of the jaw bone that articulates with the temporal skull bone).

• Degenerative joint disease. This includes osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis in the jaw joint.

You can have one or more of these conditions at the same time.

What causes TMD?

In many cases, the actual cause of this disorder may not be clear. Sometimes the main cause is excessive strain on the jaw joints and the muscle group that controls chewing, swallowing, and speech. This strain may be a result of bruxism. This is the habitual, involuntary clenching or grinding of the teeth. But trauma to the jaw, the head, or the neck may cause TMD. Arthritis and displacement of the jaw joint disks can also cause TMD pain. In other cases, another painful medical condition such as fibromyalgia or irritable bowel syndrome may overlap with or worsen the pain of TMD. A recent study by the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research identified clinical, psychological, sensory, genetic, and nervous system factors that may put a person at higher risk of developing chronic TMD.

What are the signs and symptoms of TMD?

The following are the most common signs and symptoms of TMD:

• Jaw discomfort or soreness (often most prevalent in the morning or late afternoon)

• Headaches

• Pain spreading behind the eyes, in the face, shoulder, neck, and/or back

• Earaches or ringing in the ears (not caused by an infection of the inner ear canal)

• Clicking or popping of the jaw

• Locking of the jaw

• Limited mouth motions

• Clenching or grinding of the teeth

• Dizziness

• Sensitivity of the teeth without the presence of an oral health disease

• Numbness or tingling sensation in the fingers

• A change in the way the upper and lower teeth fit together

The symptoms of TMD may look like other conditions or medical problems. See a dentist or your doctor for a diagnosis.

What are the treatments for TMD?

Your healthcare provider will figure out the best treatment based on:

• How old you are

• Your overall health and medical history

• How well you can handle specific medicines, procedures, or therapies

• How long the condition is expected to last

• Your opinion or preference

Treatment may include:

• Resting the temporomandibular joint (TMJ)

• Medicine or pain relievers

• Relaxation techniques and stress management

• Behavior changes (to reduce or stop teeth clenching)

• Physical therapy

• An orthopedic appliance or mouthguard worn in the mouth (to reduce teeth grinding)

• Posture training

• Diet changes (to rest the jaw muscles)

• Ice and hot packs

• Surgery

Primary Care/General Health in Craig: What is TMJ Disorder?

By Lauren Glendenning, For Memorial Regional Health

There’s a hinge that connects the side of the skull to the lower jaw that makes it possible to open and close our mouths. This hinge, the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), can get injured or damaged and cause pain in the jaw, ears and head.

TMJ disorders include TMJ syndrome or temporomandibular disorder (TMD), and they’re caused by injury to the teeth or jaw, misalignment of the teeth or jaw, teeth grinding or clenching, poor posture, stress, arthritis and gum-chewing, according to MedicineNet.

“In most patients, TMJ pain is usually a result of movement or displacement of the cartilage disc that causes pressure and stretches certain sensory nerves,” according to ENT Health, a site by the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. “Popping or clicking noises occur when the disk snaps into place when the jaw moves. In addition, the chewing muscles may spasm or not function efficiently, causing pain and tenderness.” 

Symptoms and Diagnosis

Patients can see an ENT specialist, dentist or surgeon if they are experiencing pain in the ear.

If the earache is not associated with hearing loss and the eardrum looks normal, a specialist then can determine the pain is associated with a TMJ disorder, according to ENT Health.

“Your pain may be sharp and searing, occurring each time you swallow, yawn, talk or chew, or it may be dull and constant. It hurts over the joint, immediately in front of the ear, but pain can also radiate elsewhere,” according to ENT Health. “It often causes spasms in the adjacent muscles attached to the bones of the skull, face and jaws. Pain can also be felt at the side of the head (the temple), the cheek, the lower jaw and the teeth.”

In order to diagnose a TMJ disorder, a specialist will listen to and feel the jaw when you open and close your mouth, observe the range of motion in the jaw and press on areas around the jaw to identify pain or discomfort. When the doctor suspects a problem, next steps might include a CT scan to provide detailed images of the bones involved, an MRI to reveal problems with the joint’s disk or surrounding tissue or dental X-rays to examine the teeth and jaw.

“TMJ arthroscopy is sometimes used in the diagnosis of a TMJ disorder,” according to the Mayo Clinic. “During TMJ arthroscopy, your doctor inserts a small thin tube (cannula) into the joint space, and a small camera (arthroscope) is then inserted to view the area and to help determine a diagnosis.”

Treating TMJ Disorders

Some cases of TMJ disorders will resolve without any treatment, but for symptoms that persist, a specialist might recommend medications, therapies, surgery or other procedures.

Medication treatments include pain relievers and anti-inflammatories, antidepressants or muscle relaxants, according to the Mayo Clinic.

Non-drug therapies include oral splints or mouth guards, physical therapy and counseling to help patients understand the factors that are contributing or aggravating pain. Your doctor might recommend resting your muscles and joints by eating soft foods, not chewing gum, not clenching or tensing your jaw, or relaxing muscles with moist heat, according to ENT Health.

Surgical procedures include arthrocentesis, a minimally invasive procedure, injections, arthroscopy and modified condylotomy (surgery on the mandible, but not in the joint itself). In the most severe cases that do not resolve with other treatments, open-joint surgery may be suggested.

How it Might Be Affecting You, And How to Find Relief

This complex joint is a series of muscles, ligaments, discs, and bones that move your jaw forward, backward, and side to side. When anything goes wrong in your jaw joint, you can experience pain and trouble moving your jaw. To understand TMJ and what treatment you’ll need, it helps to know what symptoms to look for.

Symptoms of TMJ

If you’re experiencing any of the following, you may be dealing with a temporomandibular joint disorder:

• Pain or tenderness in your jaw joint
• Pain in your neck or shoulders
• Tired feeling or pain in your face
• Swelling on the side of your face
• Pain in or around your ear
• Pain while chewing or an uncomfortable bite
• Toothaches
• Headaches
• Dizziness
• Hearing problems or ringing in the ears (tinnitus)
• Locked jaw, which makes it difficult to open or close your mouth
• Clicking or grating sensation when opening and closing your mouth

Risk factors and causes

While it’s usually easy to recognize the symptoms of temporomandibular joint and nerve pain, it’s more difficult to determine what’s causing your pain. Your doctor or dentist may not be able to tell you what’s causing your TMJ pain. However, a TMJ disorder can occur under the following situations:

• Arthritis damage in joint cartilage
• Disc erosion in the jaw
• A jaw injury like whiplash or a heavy blow
• Grinding or clenching teeth (chronic)
• Stress or anxiety that causes you to tighten facial and jaw muscles
• Poor posture
• Orthodontic braces
• Excessive use of chewing gum
• Connective tissue diseases that affect your temporomandibular joint

Diagnosing temporomandibular joint disorder

One of the first people to notice or diagnose a TMJ disorder is usually your dentist. However, your family physician, an ear, nose, and throat (ENT) specialist, or an oral surgeon can also diagnose and treat your TMJ. Typically, your doctor will check your jaw joints for pain and tenderness. They’ll also listen for any clicking or grating sounds when you move your jaw and check your jaw’s movement and facial muscles. X-rays or further testing like a CAT scan or MRI can also help your doctor rule out other issues and give a full picture of what’s happening in your face.

Treatment options for TMJ

TMJ has many treatment options. Your first line of care can start at home. But after you’ve exhausted at-home treatment options for your jaw, you may need to see your doctor for further care.

At-home treatment

As you know and practice self-care for your temporomandibular jaw disorder, you may find relief and healing. You can do the following at home:

• Eat soft foods. Load up on non-chewy foods and avoid foods that require wide bites like thick sandwiches.
• Take an over-the-counter anti-inflammatory medication like ibuprofen or naproxen.
• Practice good posture and avoid resting your chin on your hand.
• Avoid extreme or unnecessary jaw movements. Skip the chewing gum, place a hand under your chin when you yawn, and avoid things like singing or yelling that might cause you to open your jaw too wide.
• Position your jaw with your teeth slightly apart as often as possible. Place your tongue between your teeth if you have problems with grinding or clenching your teeth.
• Place moist heat or cold packs on your jaw and the side of your face for about 10 minutes. You can do this several times a day.
• Learn to relax. You’ll need a few stress management techniques in your arsenal to help you relax and loosen your jaw. Consider asking your doctor or dentist about how physical therapy can help.
• Massage your neck and jaw muscles. Where appropriate, ask your doctor or physical therapist about gentle stretches you can do at home.

Medical treatment

See your doctor if the pain and tenderness in your jaw is persistent, or if you can’t open and close your mouth. A doctor may recommend the following types of treatment:

• Medications such as pain relievers, muscle relaxers, or anti-inflammatory drugs.
• Oral splints or mouth guards. These oral devices can be soft or hard and usually slip over your teeth to help keep your jaw in place.
• Physical therapy. A physical therapist can give you stretches and massage techniques to help strengthen and stretch your jaw. They can also do ultrasounds and an evaluation of behaviors that might be making your TMJ worse.
• Surgical options. When other treatment options can’t relieve your pain, your doctor may suggest surgery or other procedures. Some of these might include open joint surgery, arthrocentesis, injections at the joint, TMJ arthroscopy, or modified condylotomy. These procedures range from non-invasive to traditional surgery.

Anytime you have aching pain in your face, temple, ear, or jaw, you may be dealing with TMJ. As you understand your symptoms, take care of yourself at home, and counsel with your doctor, you can find relief. Make an appointment with your doctor to learn more about TMJ and what you can do to relieve your symptoms.

7 TMJ Symptoms You Should Know in 2020

Temporomandibular joint or TMJ is a joint which connects your lower jaw to your skull. The joint is present in the both sides of your jaw in front of your ear and is responsible for many mouth activities like moving your jaw, smiling, eating, speaking, and many other activities. The joint acts like a hinge on the both sides of the jaw to make many movements.

Reasons of TMD

When your jaw or jaw muscle is injured it can cause TMJ disorder or TMD. There could be many reasons behind TMD.

• Many people grind or clench their teeth during sleep which puts a lot of pressure on the joint and can lead to the TMD.

• Those who are suffering from arthritis are also vulnerable to TMD.

• The poor neck and face postures that hold muscle also responsible for TMD.

• Stress and lack of sleep can also cause TMD syndrome.

TMJ Symptoms

There are many signs and symptoms which help you to diagnose TMJ syndrome.

• Jaw or facial pain

• A clicking and popping sound in the jaw

• Popping sounds in ears

• Ear pain/earache,

• Headaches

• Stiff or sore jaw muscles

• Restricted jaw movement

These are the symptoms of TMJ disorder.

Jaw or facial pain: This is not common pain that everyone feels, while you are experiencing pain in your jaw for a long time during certain muscle activities it might be due to TMJ syndrome. Note the facial activities during which you are feeling pain in your jaw.

A clicking and popping sound in the jaw: There will be a popping sound from your TMJ joint while you are opening or closing your mouth. It might be a TMJ symptom. If you feel a clicking a popping sound from your TMJ joint while you move your jaw then could be due to TMD.

Popping sound in ear: Popping sound from your ears could be due to TMD. If you are not experiencing any pain then there is nothing to worry about as these signs disappear by themselves.

Ear pain: Many people think that ear pain is due to some problem in ear but if you experience above symptoms with pain in your ear then it could be because of TMD and not due to any other reason. If you are experiencing constant and sharp pain in your ear then you should consult your dentist.

Headache: There could be many reasons for headache and one could not relate headache to the TMJ disorder but if you pay attention to other symptoms like popping sound from TMJ, and restrict jaw movement, pain in jaw then you can relate headache with TMJ syndrome.

Stiff or sore jaw muscles: Your sore jaw muscles are one of the signs that you are suffering from TMJ disorder. If you are feeling pain in your jaw muscles while making certain facial movements, it could be due to TMD syndrome.

Restricted jaw movement: If you are not able to move your jaw or it becomes too stiff then you might be suffering from TMJ. In this case you might not feel pain but stiffness in your jaw.

So if you are experiencing any of the above symptoms you can consult your doctor. He will examine your jaw muscles to diagnose the exact reason.

However, good news is that many times you don’t need to worry about TMJ syndrome as it does not require any treatment. But if you are feeling discomfort for a long time then you should not ignore it.

For more help managing your TMJ disorder, contact the trusted team Advanced Dental Implant and TMJ Center . You can visit their website or call them at (662) 655 -4868 to ask questions or to schedule an appointment.

90,000 Tinnitus or Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction Syndrome?

Tinnitus can be unpleasant and even extremely harmful to your health. Because tinnitus can be a symptom of a variety of conditions, people with tinnitus or temporomandibular joint dysfunction (TMJ) may not be able to pinpoint what they really have.

Tinnitus can be unpleasant and even extremely harmful to your health. Because tinnitus can be a symptom of a variety of conditions, people with tinnitus or temporomandibular joint dysfunction (TMJ) may not be able to pinpoint what they really have.

In moments of silence, a person wants to hear only silence. However, many people have to experience the opposite. They hear high frequency sounds, continuous ringing or even roaring. These noises are long lasting and interfere with concentration or relaxation. This condition is called tinnitus. It is characterized by the appearance of extraneous sounds when a person does not say or listen to anything.

However, such a murmur may be a symptom of TMJ dysfunction (or temporomandibular joint dysfunction syndrome).Because damage to the jaw can negatively affect hearing, TMJ dysfunction can lead to the development of tinnitus. In fact, nearly half of people with TMJ dysfunction have some form of tinnitus.

Tinnitus and TMJ dysfunction

As noted above, tinnitus is characterized by persistent, distracting tinnitus. Noise can be caused by a number of factors, including hearing impairment, blockage of the ear canal, or sudden exposure to loud noises.Tinnitus may be temporary, but persistent tinnitus is a common condition. There are ways to alleviate the problem and mask the noise to some extent, but many cases of tinnitus can be avoided with proper listening mode.

With regard to TMJ dysfunction, this condition is associated with damage to the temporomandibular joint. The disc inside this joint is responsible for connecting the jaw bones, which allows a person to speak, chew, and open their mouth.Damage to this joint can lead to tinnitus along with other symptoms.

Tinnitus can also be a symptom of TMJ dysfunction, which in turn can lead to confusion in the diagnosis of the two conditions. A patient with TMJ dysfunction may mistake tinnitus as a problem in its own right and neglect jaw treatment. To make a correct diagnosis, you need to know the difference between tinnitus and TMJ dysfunction.

How to determine the difference

It is easy to diagnose TMJ dysfunction, especially if you have persistent facial or jaw pain.In addition, patients with TMJ dysfunction may have trouble chewing or opening their mouth, and there may be joint pinching or clicking. This makes it difficult to open the mouth wider than a certain position, and the effort to open the jaw can be painful. TMJ dysfunction is common in people with arthritis or facial trauma.

Since the temporomandibular joint is located near the organ of hearing, damage to the intra-articular disc can lead to tinnitus. The best way to determine if tinnitus is associated with TMJ dysfunction is to see your dentist for an appropriate evaluation and diagnosis.

If you suspect you have TMJ dysfunction syndrome, it is best to consult a dentist. With proper treatment of TMJ dysfunction, the likelihood of reducing the manifestations of tinnitus is high.

Unless you have persistent jaw pain, you are most likely not suffering from TMJ dysfunction. Thus, your diagnosis boils down to tinnitus. If you are constantly experiencing ringing in your ears, tinnitus should be diagnosed. The otolaryngologist will consult and carry out the necessary diagnostic procedures.

A referral to a local hearing care professional can be made by your therapist. However, you can also go directly to a hearing care professional for advice and treatment. If you’re unsure of where to start, our online hearing aid locator can help you find trusted professionals in your area. An interactive map contains background information and location data, allowing you to evaluate all options before making an appointment.

90,000 Causes of Jaw Pain, Why You May Feel Pain

Jaw pain is often described as throbbing and constricting. It can appear completely suddenly or grow gradually. However, the exact symptoms vary depending on the underlying cause of the pain. Determining such an underlying cause is the first step towards eliminating the disease state. There are several possible reasons to look out for below.

Teeth grinding

Teeth grinding, or bruxism, can cause serious damage to the teeth and is one of the most common causes of jaw pain.Grinding is the clenching of the jaws that is not associated with chewing. Some people can grind their teeth in stressful situations, but most people have this phenomenon during sleep, and they may not even be aware of it. If this phenomenon is not controlled, it can lead to other damage to the oral cavity. To combat this phenomenon, you can, among other things, do exercises to relieve tension or wear protective mouth guards at night.

Osteomyelitis

Osteomyelitis is an infection that spreads through the bloodstream, affecting bones and adjacent tissues.When osteomyelitis of the jaw develops, the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is often affected, causing jaw pain, fever, and facial swelling. Fortunately, the condition can usually be cured with gradual antibiotics or surgery to remove areas of bone that have died from infection.

Temporomandibular joint dysfunction

Temporomandibular joint dysfunction (TMJ) affects the temporomandibular joint of the jaw.In addition to painful sensations, this disorder can cause clicking sounds in the jaw when opening the mouth or chewing. In some cases, this violation can even lead to “jamming” of the jaw in the open or closed position.

Other lesions of the oral cavity

Other causes of jaw pain include gum disease, dental caries and abscess. Although many of these conditions do not directly affect the jaw, the pain they cause can radiate to the jaw.In addition, in people with gaps between teeth or severe damage to the teeth, jaw pain can occur when pressure is applied to the jaw, such as when biting or chewing food. Careful adherence to oral hygiene at home and regular visits to the dentist can reduce the risk of all of these phenomena.

Abscess

An abscess is the result of an infection of the dental pulp. It usually occurs when the cavity remains untreated for an extended period of time.Bacteria that begin to spread along the root canal can also infect adjacent tissues, causing jaw pain. Regular dental check-ups and timely healing of all cavities is the best way to avoid such troubles.

Only a qualified dental professional can pinpoint the root cause of your jaw pain.

Temporomandibular joint dysfunction ›Diseases› Dr.Peter.ru

Temporomandibular joint dysfunction (TMJ) is called differently in medicine: myofacial syndrome, chronic subluxation of the mandible, arthritis, arthrosis of the TMJ joints … of the mandibular joints at the beginning of the 20th century and discovered a connection with ear pain. This is one of the complex and painful pathologies that is not easy to diagnose and treat.

Features

Diagnosis of TMJ lesions is complicated by the fact that this pathology has a lot of symptoms. But some of them can be called classic – those that affect the TMJ joints themselves, ears, head, face and teeth. Since there are no nerve endings in the joints, when their function in this area is impaired, a person does not experience pain. It occurs in the ears, in the neck, head or at trigger points, which are seals in the muscles (masticatory, temporal, sublingual, temporal, cervical) – pain is felt when pressed on them. At the same time, there is a noise in the ears, a crunch in the joints when opening the mouth.

The most common symptom is clicking in the joint of the lower jaw, and not always accompanied by pain. The sound made by the jaw can be heard by others. If the jaw clicks, then the disc is displaced and the muscles supporting the lower jaw while chewing food are unnaturally tense. The result of this tension is pain in the muscles, face, head and neck.

Blocking, or locking, of the TMJ is a condition in which the joint moves unevenly due to the abnormalities that have occurred in it. A person notices that the lower jaw opens unevenly, as if it is catching something. And in order to open the mouth wide, you first need to move the lower jaw in one direction or the other, sometimes this has to be done until a click is heard at the point of its “unlocking”.

Due to the proximity of the TMJ to the auricles, its defeat often causes pain in the ear, its congestion, up to hearing loss. Tinnitus can cause both joint disorders and pain management with drugs (aspirin, ibuprofen).

Headache is one of the most common symptoms of TMJ pathology. It usually concentrates in the temples, the back of the head, and even the shoulders (shoulder blades). Jaw clenching and teeth grinding (bruxism), which can also be symptoms of TMJ, cause muscle pain that can lead to headaches. A displaced TMJ disc can also cause joint pain, which often radiates to the temples, forehead, or neck. Moreover, these pains are so strong that doctors often confuse them with migraines or with brain pathologies.

Due to bruxism, which can be both a cause and a consequence of TMJ lesions, teeth can become very sensitive. At the same time, the dentist cannot find the reasons for this sensitivity and is forced to depulp the teeth, and in some cases remove them in order to relieve his patient of pain. But, on the contrary, it is getting stronger.

TMJ pathology can be associated with back pain due to increased muscle tension (myofascial pain syndrome), dizziness, disorientation, confusion, depression and, on its background, sleep disturbance.It is also possible to develop photophobia (increased sensitivity to light), pain in the eye, blurred vision, and twitching of the eye muscles.

Description

TMJ is a joint located in front of the ear, consisting of the temporal bone and the lower jaw. Muscles that perform the functions of chewing, swallowing and speaking connect the lower jaw to the skull. It is this apparatus that allows our jaw to move left and right, open and close our mouth, and extend the lower jaw. It works correctly when the lower jaw moves synchronously in the joint both on the right and on the left – this is a symmetrical organ, therefore, in the event of a malfunction of one of them, the work of the other also fails. TMJ diseases develop when the lower jaw moves during the opening and closing of the mouth and other movements of the lower jaw.

Dysfunction occurs in all age groups, and in general people suffering from this pathology, according to various estimates, up to 70 percent. Among the reasons for its occurrence are malocclusion, a sharp overstrain of the masticatory muscles when chewing hard and rough food, improper dental treatment (tooth filling, prosthetics), bruxism and increased tooth wear, sports loads that lead to overstrain of certain muscle groups.

Often the cause of the development of TMJ dysfunction is stress, as well as improper dental treatment, more precisely, errors of orthopedic dentists, orthodontists, therapists, surgeons: even the treatment of simple caries can lead to dysfunction of the mandibular joint, if the dentist therapist placed an inflated filling, which violated the symmetry and led to one-sided loads, and then to displacement of the discs, and with it to pain. The causes of this disease can also be a joint injury, abrasion of teeth with bruxism, excessive stress during sports.

First aid

If you are sure that the pain that you are experiencing is associated with dysfunction of the mandibular joint, then in order to improve the function of chewing and reduce pain, you can use moist heat: you need to apply a compress to the sore spot – a bottle of hot water can perform its function. wrapped in a warm damp towel to avoid scalding.

Ice can help reduce inflammation and dull pain. However, the ice bag (or plastic ice bottle) should not be placed directly on the skin, it is better to wrap it in a cloth.Remember that you cannot use ice for more than 10-15 minutes, the break between the installation of compresses should be at least an hour.

Analgesics can help temporarily relieve pain.

Soft (can be ground) or mixed food gives the jaw a chance to rest. Avoid hard, crunchy, and chewy foods. Do not try to open your mouth as wide as possible by biting off large pieces.

Learn relaxation techniques that are comfortable for you: Relaxation can help you manage the pain that accompanies TMJ dysfunction.

Diagnostics

It is difficult to diagnose TMJ dysfunction not only for dentists, but also for doctors of other specialties, so it often turns out that the disease is detected late and the treatment is long and difficult. To diagnose TMJ syndrome, radiography (including orthopantomogram), electromyography, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), arthroscopy are used. In order to make a correct diagnosis, it is important to consult with specialists from different directions in dentistry.

Treatment

Due to the fact that joint dysfunction is difficult to diagnose, even dentists have little knowledge of this pathology and methods of treatment. Therefore, most patients do not receive qualified timely help and go to osteopaths, chiropractors, otolaryngologists, therapists, neurologists, psychotherapists . .. In fact, dentists should deal with the treatment of TMJ diseases, depending on the cause of this condition.

To achieve success in therapy, a set of measures is needed: orthodontic treatment to correct the occlusion, surgery, retreatment of teeth, prosthetics, physiotherapy, acupuncture.

According to the indications, the doctor may prescribe a nightly wearing of a trainer – an articular splint, with the help of which myofascial pain syndrome is relieved. It can be used for both diagnosis and prevention of tooth abrasion with bruxism.

It is imperative to treat TMJ dysfunction – when the disc is displaced, the articular surfaces undergo restructuring (arthrosis), coarse connective tissue grows in the joint cavity, which leads to immobilization of the joint – ankylosis.

Prevention

Prevention is a timely and high-quality treatment and prosthetics of teeth, correction of occlusion, timely seeking help from a doctor after an injury.

© Dr. Peter

TMJ Pathology | Articles

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunctions occupy a special place among the diseases of the dental profile. This is due to its functional and anatomical features, as well as the complexity of the clinical picture and differential diagnosis. Joint pathology may resemble other diseases that are within the purview of psychiatrists, otolaryngologists, neurologists, and oncologists.

According to various sources, TMJ dysfunction occurs in 25–65% of the population, among young men and adolescents – in 15–30%. The prevalence of pathology is associated with the high stress that the joint is subjected to during its life. He is constantly involved in conversation, yawning, chewing, facial movements. In terms of strength, only the knee joint can compete with it. Another reason for frequent disturbances in the work of anatomical education is the complexity of its structure.

The temporomandibular joint is the only paired joint in the human body, in which movements are carried out only synchronously. It is formed by the fossa and tubercle of the temporal bone from above and the head of the lower jaw from below. The anatomical formation is surrounded by an articular capsule, it is strengthened by the ligamentous apparatus. Movements in a healthy joint are carried out in three planes. Tendons and chewing muscles are also involved in the work of the lower jaw. If all these structures function normally, a person does not experience pain and discomfort during her movements.

Disorders of the TMJ can be the result of pathology of the joint itself and of the masticatory muscles, congenital deformities of the bite and facial skeleton, as well as a consequence of improper treatment by the dentist.

The main causes of TMJ diseases

• Injuries (fractures of the facial bones and jaw, excessive opening of the mouth).
• The action of mechanical factors (ingestion of coarse food).
• Endocrine, metabolic and systemic disorders.
• Infectious diseases.
• Physical and emotional stress.
• Bad habits (nail biting).
• Congenital defects of the maxillofacial apparatus.
• Inadequate dental treatment (dental fillings, prosthetics, treatment with braces, etc.)etc.).

Symptoms of TMJ pathology

• Soreness and spasms in the muscles of the face.
• Clicks and crunches in the joint when chewing and yawning.
• Pain and ringing in the ears, hearing loss on the affected side.
• Swelling and redness of the skin in the joint area.
• Enlargement of the submandibular lymph nodes.
• Joint deformity.
• Dizziness, headaches.
• General malaise, fever.

The most popular types of diseases of the temporomandibular joint

• Joint dislocation. It is characterized by a displacement of the head of the lower jaw relative to the temporal fossa. Can be one-way or two-way, front or back. The main cause of pathology is trauma. Dislocation is manifested by pain in the joint when opening the mouth, the inability to close the mouth. Slurred speech and excessive salivation are other symptoms.
• Internal joint disorders.Associated with the displacement of the intra-articular disc and damage to the ligaments and capsule of the joint. A symptom of the disease is difficulty in jaw movement, accompanied by pain and clicks in the TMJ.
• Arthritis. An inflammatory disorder characterized by pain and difficulty in moving the jaw. The soft tissues in this area become swollen, and the skin over the joint turns red. Local and general body temperature is elevated.
• Arthrosis. The disease is characterized by a protracted nature of the course with a gradual progression of the disease and deformation of the articular surfaces.To cure it, you should pay attention to the following symptoms in a timely manner: difficulty in movement of the lower jaw (stiffness, stiffness), which is accompanied by pain and crunching. The occurrence of arthrosis is provoked by inflammatory diseases and metabolic disorders.
• Muscular-articular dysfunction. At the heart of the disease is a violation of the closure of the teeth caused by an improper bite or injury. A common cause of musculoskeletal dysfunction is untimely or incorrect dental prosthetics, as well as inadequate orthodontic treatment.Other causes of the disease are endocrine and metabolic disorders, stress, bruxism. As a result of these processes, well-coordinated work and the correct anatomical ratio of the masticatory muscles and joint components are disrupted.
• Two variants of dysfunction are known: with painful sensations in the masticatory muscles and without them. In the second case, the pain is one-sided and persistent. It can be localized in the parotid, buccal, temporal and other areas of the face and be given to the teeth, ear, tongue, hard palate.The pain increases during chewing, head movements, hypothermia and is relieved for a while after taking painkillers. Other symptoms include limitation of movement of the lower jaw, feeling of numbness, facial asymmetry, clicks when the joint works.

Treatment

If a joint is dysfunctional, you should immediately seek help from a specialist. Diseases of this group are treated by maxillofacial surgeons who have received appropriate training and experience in this field.If necessary, they involve other doctors – orthodontists, orthopedic dentists, psychotherapists, neurologists, otolaryngologists, and general orthopedists.

If you suspect TMJ disease, it makes no sense to go to dentists in government agencies and private clinics. Specialists of this profile are engaged in the treatment of teeth and oral cavity and are not entitled to provide assistance to patients with joint diseases.

Before trusting a doctor who took up TMJ therapy, find out if he has the necessary diplomas and qualifications, how long he has been dealing with this problem and what are the results of his work.

All disorders of the temporomandibular joint are treated in a comprehensive manner: specialists use conservative and surgical methods, including physiotherapy, neurological and psychotherapeutic treatment, surgical interventions, and various options for orthodontic correction.

For an accurate diagnosis and effective treatment, seek help from an arthrologist.

90,000 Reception of a dentist-gnatologist in Ufa.

Gnathology: an integrated approach to solving dental problems and not only

Most problems in the work of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) are associated with changes in other parts of the body.Pain in the masticatory joint is often manifested due to pathological occlusion (closing) of the teeth. Violations of synchronicity in the movement of the masticatory muscles lead to malocclusion and dysfunction in the work of the temporomandibular joint.

In addition, the mandibular joint is associated with the spine, hip, knee and shoulder joints, skeletal muscles. Therefore, any disturbances in the work of one of the joints provoke disruptions in the functioning of the rest.

Therefore, TMJ pathology can be eliminated only in a complex manner.Otherwise, the desired result will not be achieved.

Gnathology in dentistry

Gnathology is an interdisciplinary direction that arose at the junction of several sciences: dentistry (orthodontics), otolaryngology, neurology, maxillofacial surgery, kinesiology, osteopathy.

What does a gnathologist do

Gnathologist – a doctor who identifies and eliminates the cause and degree of dysfunction in the dentition. He diagnoses and treats diseases of the TMJ, masticatory and facial muscles, trigeminal nerve, corrects bite and prepares the oral cavity for prosthetics.

In the competence of a gnathologist:

• correction of the displacement of the articular disc;
• determination of the correct ratio of jaws and interalveolar height;
• restoration of the correct movements of the lower jaw;
• reconstruction of the anatomical structure of the teeth to ensure gentle and effective chewing with excessive abrasion of enamel and bruxism;
• elimination of the consequences of maxillofacial injuries;
• restoration of vision and hearing in neurological disorders caused by incorrect dental treatment;
• planning and conducting muscle relaxation therapy.

When to see a gnathologist

It is recommended to make an appointment with a specialist at:

• discomfort when closing teeth;
• persistent muscle pain in the jaws, neck, shoulders, occiput, face;
• persistent unreasonable headaches;
• pain and tension in the neck;
• soreness in healthy teeth;
• obstruction of the ears or the appearance of noise of unexplained origin;
• articulation disorders;
• bruxism;
• asymmetric closure of the dentition;
• inability to completely close the teeth;
• Pain or contraction of the facial muscles when eating, laughing or yawning;
• limited opening of the mouth;
• jamming of the jaw when opening or closing the mouth;
• crunch and clicks in the jaw joints.

It is recommended to consult with a specialist before placing braces, prosthetics and dental implants in order to properly distribute the load on the jaw and get an optimal result.

Methods of diagnosis and treatment in gnathology

Before starting treatment, the doctor assesses the condition of the dentition, the facial part of the skull and the spinal column, determines the size of the jaws, examines the mandibular joint and the chewing muscles. For this purpose, he performs X-rays and computed tomography.In the dental clinic Zet 32, professional X-ray equipment Xgenus DC and a radiovisiograph “O wandy” are used to obtain images. If necessary, the gnathologist can refer you for consultation to other specialists – an orthodontist, orthopedist, implantologist, vertebrologist, neurologist, psychologist, maxillofacial surgeon, osteopath.

The next step is modeling. The gnathologist of our clinic designs the future bite, taking into account the location of each tooth, using digital CAD / CAM technologies, which allows obtaining a 3D image.

The doctor uses several methods to eliminate detected problems:

1. Myogymnastics – exercises that correct the incorrect work of the muscles, contribute to the formation of a correct bite and prevent relapses. The specialist selects the complex of therapeutic exercises individually.
2. Splint therapy – the use of splints (centering, uncoupling, stabilizing, relaxation), eliminating discomfort and restoring the position of the jaws.
3. Splint therapy – installation of mouth guards or trainers to restore muscle function.
4. Grinding teeth – relieves pathological occlusion.
5. Prosthetics – restores the dentition.

Gnathologist Opportunities

Thanks to the study of causal relationships and an integrated approach, the gnathologist receives a complete picture of the structure of the patient’s dentoalveolar apparatus and determines all the features of its functioning. As a result, he manages to find out the causes of any dental pathologies, which guarantees effective treatment.

The gnathologist Khairutdinova Aigul Favisovna, who has extensive knowledge in her field, the necessary skills and many years of experience (21 years), practices in the Z 32 digital dentistry clinic. It will restore the work of the temporomandibular joint after injuries and chronic diseases, as well as solve the most serious problems, which will ensure the correct and smooth functioning of the temporomandibular joint.

To make an appointment with a specialist, call the phone numbers listed on the website, or order a call back.

Diseases of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ)

TMJ is a joint that moves the lower jaw, double, unstable, experiencing tremendous stress. The lower jaw moves both during wakefulness and when we sleep. With the help of the lower jaw and its joint, we swallow saliva 2000 times a day, breathe, chew, talk, express emotions, think, lift weights.

There are many TMJ pathologies. Affect people of all ages. There are congenital, such as underdevelopment of the head, deformities; acquired – dysfunctions, snapping jaw, arthrosis-arthritis, adhesion (“sticking” of articular elements), others, including those associated with systemic diseases. They cause pain not only in the joint area, but also in the muscles of the face, back of the head, neck, between the shoulder blades, discomfort when eating, problems in communication, and worsen the quality of life. They affect posture and spine, respiration, and hence the amount of oxygen entering the human brain, and the work of internal organs. They can cause secondary lesions of large and small nerves that do not respond to conventional treatment regimens. The reasons are varied – starting with birth injuries, bite pathology and the formation of skull bones, as well as loss of teeth, decreased bite height, bruxism, incorrect treatment or dental prosthetics.Often, stress, both acute and chronic, psychological shocks, depression, and taking medications, including hormonal ones, can provoke and aggravate the development of TMJ pathology. Trauma, sports, household, can also be the cause. “Whiplash” injury in a car accident, in which the cervical spine is damaged. Injuries not directly related to the cervical region, skull bones and jaws: any fractures of the limbs, spinal column, postoperative, post-burn scars. When visiting a doctor, patients complain of pain when moving the lower jaw, chewing, “tight opening” of the mouth, “seizing” the jaw, clicks, crunching, dizziness, decreased visual acuity, hearing, poor sleep.The diagnosis is established by complaints, history of the development of the disease, clinical examination. Additional examinations are orthopanthogram, X-ray, CT, 3D images, MRI.

Pathologies not associated with underdevelopment, with arthritic deformities, are treated on an outpatient basis. The prognosis is conditionally favorable, especially with early treatment. Arthrosis-arthritis cannot be cured. The complex measures carried out allow to suspend the destruction of the joint, eliminate pathological manifestations, and improve the quality of life of patients.

In the treatment of TMJ pathology, the dentist is assisted by doctors – osteopaths, neurologists, orthodontists, orthopedists, speech therapists, kinesiologists. Specific medication is prescribed.

The earlier the patient addresses his problem, the better the prognosis.

90,000 Changes occurring with a decrease in bite. Correction methods

Changes occurring with a decrease in bite. Correction methods.

A decreasing bite or a decrease in occlusal height is a complication that develops during a formed, permanent bite due to pathological abrasion of the teeth, functional overload with extensive defects in the dentition in the lateral sections and is accompanied by a weakening of the supporting apparatus of the teeth and their displacement.Examination of the oral cavity reveals pathological abrasion up to 1/3 of the length of the crown of the tooth with possible indentations in the exposed dentin of various shapes and degrees of severity.

According to a mass survey, a declining bite occurs in 6% of the population aged 20 and over.

The main complaints of patients.

Violation of the configuration of the face, pain in the temporomandibular joint (joints), masticatory muscles, various parts of the face, head and neck. Some patients complain of hearing loss, a feeling of stuffiness and tinnitus, dry mouth, seizures, pain, burning in various parts of the tongue. Facial pain occurs when chewing, opening and closing the mouth. By the nature of the pain in the face, one can distinguish true trigeminal neuralgia, in which pains are paroxysmal and acute, from dull, monotonous, intensifying pains when the lower jaw moves. However, the above symptoms, along with others, manifest themselves strictly individually, are characterized by varying degrees of severity, and the whole complex of symptoms is not always observed.Some patients do not attach due importance to such phenomena as crepitus, clicking in the temporomandibular joint, displacement of the lower jaw when opening or closing the mouth, limited opening of the mouth, grinding of teeth (bruxism), bruxomania, i.e., symptoms of functional disorders of the nervous system. muscular apparatus (parafunction).

In cases where the reason for the decrease in the occlusal height is only pathological abrasion, the teeth remain stable, but their shape changes significantly, and facets of abrasion are observed on all teeth. Depending on the type of bite, the process of erasure prevails either in a vertical or horizontal direction.

The clinical picture of a declining bite is significantly worse in cases when pathological abrasion of the teeth is combined with the loss of a large number of lateral teeth. For such patients, in addition to the functional overload of the periodontal and pathological mobility of the teeth, the expansion of the periodontal gap, deformation of the rows, expressed in dentoalveolar lengthening, inclination of the teeth in different directions, as well as the introduction into the alveolar process of the teeth, which carries the occlusal load, are characteristic.These violations are especially pronounced in pathological bites (deep, cross with deep incisal overlap, progenic and prognathic). These violations, as a rule, are accompanied by a decrease in occlusion, which undoubtedly affects the load and functional state of the temporomandibular joint.

Methods for bite correction.
There are five main ways to correct the bite, each of which corresponds to the conditions of the peculiarities of the structure of the jaws and the state of the patient’s dentition.
1. The path of a set of regular exercises. During exercise, the load falls on the chewing and facial muscles. Exercise contributes to the prevention, easy correction and correction of malocclusion. They also improve diction, form the correct position of the jaws and develop muscle memory of the correct movement; With all the advantages of this method of bite correction, it also eats and cons – this process is quite lengthy, it requires a lot of time, effort and perseverance from a person.

2. Way of using orthodontic appliances.In this capacity, trainers, plates, mouth guards and braces are used. They allow you to correct the bite at any age with the help of physical impact. One of the most effective methods of bite correction, minus – some ease of use, and there are also restrictions on use in case of serious bite deformities.

Kappa is a removable design that is fixed on the denture or on the teeth of the upper or lower jaw.It covers the entire dentition and has close contact with the chewing surfaces of the antagonist teeth, thereby achieving the stability of the prostheses and uniform pressure on the underlying tissues of the prosthetic field. To ensure freedom of movement of the lower jaw, dental impressions on the occlusal surface of the aligner are made almost flat. Unhindered sliding of the teeth during the anterior and lateral chewing movements of the jaw is carefully calibrated and achieved by grinding the plastic. The mouthguard is made of plastic to match the color of the teeth; the vestibular surfaces of the teeth are modeled on it.To clarify the boundaries of the kappa and ensure its better fixation, it is recommended to use the parallelography method.

With the help of a mouthguard, the bite height is raised 3-4 mm above the level of physiological rest, which is accompanied by prolonged muscle relaxation, which greatly facilitates the adaptation of the muscular apparatus to the mouthguard. The limit of the possible raising of the bite on the mouthguard can be set according to the following signs: the patient, although with some effort, is able to close his lips, is able to swallow saliva.

After completion of the preparation, the bite height is reduced to a constructive one, the reaction of the joint and muscles is checked, and after 2-3 weeks the patient receives new prostheses, with the help of which the central ratio of the jaws is completely restored.

The main indication for muscle preparation is long-term (10-25 years) use of prostheses and, as a rule, a significant decrease in the height of the bite and displacement of the lower jaw. Observations show that patients who could not previously master prostheses even with a minimal increase in the height of the bite, after preliminary preparation, successfully use prostheses. The adaptation period to new prostheses is reduced from one month to several days.

Having applied the method of preparation of the chewing muscles also in case of dysfunctions of the dentition associated with a decrease in bite, we noted that after the application of the mouthguard disappears or noticeably decreases: spasm of the chewing muscles, pain or discomfort in the area of ​​the chewing muscles and the temporomandibular joint, decrease or eliminate completely displacement of the lower jaw, both in occlusion and with a wide opening of the mouth.

3. The way of surgical intervention. Surgical correction applies only to adult patients. The advantage is that it is possible to correct even the most difficult deformity of the bite, the negative side is that surgical intervention is always a risk in itself.

4. Complex method. The method combines the use of orthodontic and surgical intervention; This method is good for drastic action in terms of bite correction.

5. Orthopedic correction (prosthetics). This includes replacing an extracted tooth with a prosthesis, installing veneers and crowns. The method allows you to correct the bite in the shortest possible time ..

Veneers – special onlays for aesthetic restorations. They are placed only on the front teeth. But the most cardinal solution for bite correction is correction by installing crowns.

Types of prosthetics:
The capabilities of modern dentistry allow you to restore the integrity of the smile in any situation.The main types of dentures:
1. Removable are used in the absence of all teeth, the structure is attached using special plates.

2. Fixed are used to restore the decayed part of the tooth, as well as in the case of the loss of one or two elements. Such products are installed for a certain period, they cannot be removed without the help of a specialist.

3. Implantation – implantation of an implant (acting as a root) into the jaw bone, on which a crown is put on.This type of prosthetics allows not only to restore the integrity of the smile, but also to restore its functionality to the dentition. This method acts as an alternative, but expensive for prosthetics.

This type of prosthetics has a high cost, but is the best of its kind, since it avoids various unpleasant consequences of missing teeth (for example, atrophy of jaw tissues). One or more defects can be repaired with implants.As a rule, in the complete absence of the dentition, removable dentures are used, which are attached to the artificial roots using bar or push-button mechanisms. To restore several teeth, special bridges are installed on implants.

Basic indications for implantation:
 if one tooth is missing in the presence of healthy adjacent ones,
 loss of the end chewing units of the dentition,
 there are no 1-2 supports for fixing the bridge,
 it is impossible to install a removable structure.

Modern prosthetics always begins with wax restoration of the shape of the teeth. This is necessary to create high-quality dentures and veneers. Wax teeth modeling is an absolutely painless procedure. Wax is a natural material that is safe for human health.

The ability to model teeth is a real breakthrough in dentistry. The fact is that the patient is not always able to voice his desires, and the dentist can understand what exactly the patient means. To eliminate this misunderstanding, a wax-up is needed.

Wax-up dentistry.

At the dentist’s office, impressions are taken. They are then sent to the laboratory for wax modeling. Wax modeling has many advantages, namely:
• inaccuracies can be eliminated at the initial stage,
• the patient will not experience any inconvenience when wearing dentures,
• wax modeling shortens the period of getting used to dentures,
• adjacent teeth are not affected during manufacture dentures,
• excellent end result.
All these advantages make the use of this method the most acceptable in comparison with other methods of prosthetics.

Wax modeling technique.

There are two approaches to Wax-up in modern dentistry. In the first one, the technician models the future denture and submits it to the patient for approval. If the latter has any comments, then the necessary adjustments are made to the tooth mock using technical wax. Only after this does the technician start working on the future design.Here, the Wax-up technology is used only to show an early result. This completes the wax modeling in orthopedics.

The second approach is technologically more complex. Here, the technician deals not only with the external data of the tooth, but also with its functionality. First, the patient is shown work on the model, and then transferred to the oral cavity. In practice, it turns out something like this. The technician gives the tooth, created through the wax-up, to the doctor, who, using a special technology, inserts it into the patient’s mouth. That is, they put a temporary structure as close as possible to the future denture. The patient walks with it for some time, so that later you can make adjustments to the final prosthesis.

THE WAX-UP TECHNOLOGY IS PRODUCED IN SEVERAL STAGES:

At the very beginning, the doctor takes casts of the teeth of both jaws. They are made from high quality silicone material.
Fixation of the habitual closing of both jaws is performed. The procedure is carried out using silicone bite rollers.
The dentist then uses the facial arch to record the movements of the dentition. This is one of the most important stages of wax modeling. Then comes the work of the articulator, which debugs all the patient’s chewing movements.

Taking all facial features into account, the bite is measured. For example, if it is lowered, then it is raised. The technology allows you to accurately calculate the height to which the bite should be set. Thanks to her, the technician can create the required tooth as accurately as possible.

The model is being manufactured. She is cast into an articulator.
After analyzing the model, the technician, taking into account the wishes of the doctor and the patient, begins the wax-up of the tooth.

Benefits of the procedure.

Wax-up technology has many advantages. Here are the most obvious ones:
• the patient can look at the future tooth ahead of time;
• the possibility of correcting the appearance of the tooth even before the manufacture of the prosthesis, which favorably affects the price and time of installation of the prosthesis;
• more gentle preparation;
• Possibility of direct temporary restoration.

Performed by the dentist, orthopedist Molokov E.V.

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