Different Types of Acne & How to Treat Them

Medically Reviewed by Stephanie S. Gardner, MD on August 14, 2022

Acne vulgaris is the medical name for common acne — the presence of blackheads, whiteheads, and other types of pimples on the skin. The most common spots for breakouts are the face, chest, shoulders, and back. Although mild acne may improve with over-the-counter treatments, more severe forms should be treated by a dermatologist.

A comedo, or basic acne lesion, is a hair follicle that has become clogged with oil and dead skin cells. Comedones (the plural of comedo) can develop into bumps called whiteheads and blackheads. Products that may trigger comedones are called “comedogenic.” Makeup labeled “noncomedogenic” is less likely to clog pores and contribute to acne.

Blackheads are comedones that are open at the surface of the skin. They are filled with excess oil and dead skin cells. It’s not dirt that causes the comedone to turn black. The black hue results from the irregular reflection of light coming from clogged hair follicles.  Blackheads can frequently be treated with over-the-counter medications.

Comedones that stay closed at the surface of the skin are called whiteheads. This happens when oil and skin cells prevent a clogged hair follicle from opening. Many of the same over-the-counter medicines that treat blackheads are also effective against whiteheads.

Papules are comedones that become inflamed, forming small red or pink bumps on the skin. This type of pimple may be sensitive to the touch. Picking or squeezing can make the inflammation worse and may lead to scarring. A large number of papules may indicate moderate to severe acne.

Pustules are another kind of inflamed pimple. They resemble a whitehead with a red ring around the bump. The bump is typically filled with white or yellow pus. Avoid picking or squeezing pustules. Picking can cause scars or dark spots to develop on the skin.

Nodules are large, inflamed bumps that feel firm to the touch. They develop deep within the skin and are often painful. Nodules should be treated by a dermatologist since they can scar. Over-the-counter treatments may not be powerful enough to clear them up, but prescription drugs can be effective.

Cysts are large, pus-filled lesions that look similar to boils. Like nodules, cysts can be painful and should be treated by a dermatologist since they also can scar. People who develop nodules and cysts are usually considered to have a more severe form of acne.

Acne falls into the “mild” category if you have fewer than 20 whiteheads or blackheads, fewer than 15 inflamed bumps, or fewer than 30 total lesions. Mild acne is usually treated with over-the-counter topical medicine. It may take up to eight weeks to see a significant improvement.

If you have 20 to 100 whiteheads or blackheads, 15 to 50 inflamed bumps, or 30 to 125 total lesions, your acne is considered moderate. Dermatologists usually recommend prescription medication for moderate to severe acne. It may take several weeks to notice an improvement, and your acne may appear to get worse before it gets better.

People with severe nodulocystic acne have multiple inflamed cysts and nodules. The acne may turn deep red or purple. It often leaves scars. Prompt treatment by a dermatologist can minimize scarring. In some cases, a doctor may inject corticosteroids directly into nodules and cysts to reduce the size and painful inflammation.

Acne conglobata is one of the most severe forms of acne. It involves many inflamed nodules that are connected under the skin to other nodules. It can affect the neck, chest, arms, and buttocks. It often leaves scars. This type of acne is more common in men and is sometimes caused by taking steroids or testosterone. Timely treatment by a dermatologist is essential.

Acne mechanica is caused by heat, friction, and pressure against the skin, often the result of wearing sports gear such as a helmet or baseball cap. It is sometimes called “sports-induced acne” because it occurs frequently in athletes. Preventive measures include wearing an absorbent material under sports equipment and showering immediately after activity.

Topical therapy is acne medication that is applied directly to the skin, like gels or creams. Over-the-counter topical products can often help mild acne. They may contain ingredients like benzoyl peroxide, resorcinol, salicylic acid, or sulfur. Prescription products such as antimicrobial or retinoid creams can treat mild to moderately severe acne. These can be prescribed alone or in combination with other ingredients.

Systemic therapy refers to acne medication that is taken by mouth. Antibiotics like tetracycline, minocycline, doxycycline, or erythromycin may treat moderate to severe acne by targeting bacteria and reducing inflammation. Other systemic therapies include oral contraceptives, which can reduce acne in some women, spironolactone, an anti-androgen hormone pill, and isotretinoin (high-dose prescription vitamin A). Isotretinoin is used only in certain severe, cystic acne cases, or in cases where other treatments don’t work. A course of isotretinoin treatment requires regular appointments with your dermatologist.

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REFERENCES:

AcneNet: “What Causes Acne?,” “AcneNet Glossary,” “Prescription Medications for Treating Acne,” “Treating Severe Acne.”
National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases: “Q&A Acne.” “What Is Acne?”
Gold, M. Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology, April 2009; vol. 2: pp 40-44.
Jacoby, David B., and R. M. Youngson. Encyclopedia of Family Health. New York: Marshall Cavendish, 2004; pp 32.
O’Connor, Daniel P., and Fincher, A. Louise. Clinical Pathology for Athletic Trainers: Recognizing Systemic Disease. Thorofare, NJ: SLACK Incorporated, 2008; pp 300.

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Problematische Haut

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Schöne junge Frau, die einen Pickel knallt, während sie sich morgens in einem Badezimmerspiegel betrachtet.

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Narben von Akne auf Gesicht

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Akne auf das Gesicht der Frau mit Hautausschlag, Narbe und Spot,. ..

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Junge Frau mit Problemhaut, die in den Spiegel schaut.

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Ich bin sicher, dass dies weg gehen wird, wenn ich es knallen…

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Nahaufnahme unglückliche Frau Blick auf Akne-Spots im Spiegel

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Junge Frau vor und nach der Aknebehandlung. Hautpflegekonzept

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Junge Frau schaut ihre Akne-Narben auf den Spiegel

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Nahaufnahme natürliche Frau schlechte Aknehaut mit Narben

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Ich werde diese Zits finden und ich werde sie zappen

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Porträt der jungen schönen Frau mit Frackles und problematischer. ..

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Frau mit Problemhaut. Teen Akne auf junger Haut.

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Ich werde Sie zu ruinieren mein Tag nicht erlauben!

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Junge schöne Frau mit trockener, gereizter Haut.

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Cropped Aufnahme des Gesichts einer jungen Frau vor und nach der. ..

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Reflexion der Frau mit Handtuch auf dem Kopf drücken Blackhead…

Reflexion der Frau im Badezimmerspiegel, die nach dem Duschen ein Handtuch auf dem Haar trägt und Blackead auf ihrer Nasenseite mit Zeigefingernägeln zusammendrückt

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papulopustular rosacea, Nahaufnahme der Wange des Patienten

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Junge Schönheit Frau überprüft ihre Haut am Spiegel am Morgen

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Problematische Haut

Teenager, der in den Spiegel schaut und Probleme hat.

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Hübscher junger Mann mit Hautproblem

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Junge Frau drückt ihren Pickel

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Teenager Haut Probleme

Die Stirn eines Teenagers mit Pickeln

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Abgeschnittene Aufnahme der Frau Sorgen um ihr Gesicht, als sie…

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Nahaufnahme der Frau Hälfte Gesicht mit Problemen der Akne-Entzünd

Konzeption von Problemen auf der Frauenhaut.

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Lächelnde junge hübsche Dame in Handtuch glätten die Haut…

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Vor und nach.

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Ein junges Mädchen mit Problemhaut. Foto vor und nach der…

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Stress kann zu Akneentzündungen führen

problematische haut – acne face stock-fotos und bilder

Problematische Haut

Frontalansicht der Wangen und des Kinns des Mädchens mit Aknenarben

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schöne junge Brünette Frau, Beauty-Konzept, schlechter Zustand…

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junge Frau Gesicht Porträt mit Foto ihrer gefleckte Haut

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Porträt der jungen Asiatin mit Akneproblem. Akne-Creme im…

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Atopisches Hautkonzept. Besorgte junge Frau, die in den Spiegel…

Atopisches Hautkonzept. Besorgte junge Frau, die in den Spiegel schaut und das Gesicht berührt, unglückliche Millennial-Dame, die an Dermatitis leidet, Reizzeichen untersucht, während sie zu Hause im Badezimmer steht, Nahaufnahme

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Junge Frau knallt einen Pickel

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Junge rothaarige Teenager selbst Fragen in Spiegel. Mädchen mit…

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Foto vor und nach der Behandlung von Akne. Ein junges Mädchen…

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Reinigung Gesicht

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Profil des jungen Mädchens mit Akne auf weißem Hintergrund

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Schönheit Konzept Haut aging. anti-aging-Maßnahmen, Verjüngung,…

Beauty-Konzept Hautalterung. Anti-Aging-Verfahren, Verjüngung, Lifting, Straffung der Gesichtshaut, Wiederherstellung der jugendlichen Haut Anti-Falten

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Asiatische junge Frau, die Aknehaut zusammendrückt und zu Hause…

Asiatische junge Frau Aknehaut zusammendrücken und zu Hause in den Spiegel schauen, Nahaufnahme des Gesichts junger Frauen

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Ängstliche junge Frau Blick in Spiegel besorgt über Gesicht Akne

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Teenage Haut

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Junge Frau vor und nach Akne-Behandlung, Nahaufnahme. …

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Akne-Narben und Poren. Schwarze Flecken, Falten und Hautprobleme

Aknenarben und Poren. Schwarze Flecken, Falten und Hautprobleme Gesichtsbehandlungsschritt

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Frau Gesicht Porträt mit klarer und gepolsterter Haut

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Mann, der Feuchtigkeitscreme aufwendet

problematische haut ohne und mit make-up – acne face stock-fotos und bilder

problematische Haut ohne und mit Make-up

pickel auf wange – acne face stock-fotos und bilder

Pickel auf Wange

Porträt einer schönen jungen Frau, die Pickel zusammendrückt, während sie in den Spiegel schaut. Pickel auf der Wange. Junge Frau drückt ihre Akne vor den Spiegel. Ich bin mir sicher, dass dies verschwinden wird, wenn ich es knalle.

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Pickel und Akne im Gesicht der Frau vor und nach. Kosmetik,…

ein pickel kann ihren ganzen tag verändern – acne face stock-fotos und bilder

Ein Pickel kann Ihren ganzen Tag verändern

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Natürliche hausgemachte Gesichtsmasken zu Hause.

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Types of acne and what they mean

Problematic skin and acne are inseparable “friends”. Acne is submissive to all ages, if nature “rewarded” this type of epithelium. Unpleasant defects affect not only the face, but also open areas of the body – the back and décolleté.

Experts say that each type of acne requires special treatment. So, drugs that are effective in the fight against bacterial acne will be powerless in the case of cystic acne. Before choosing a facial treatment, and before starting therapy, it will not be superfluous to get information about what types of acne are, as well as effective methods for eliminating each of them.

Why acne is important to treat

At first glance, acne seems to be a purely skin disease. The classic development scenario is as follows: excessive synthesis of subcutaneous fat, accumulation of keratinized cells – blockage of the sebaceous glands, inflammation of the hair follicle – pimple. In fact, this is an external manifestation of internal problems.

Rashes on the skin serve as the body’s SOS signal. Pimples and their localization are a kind of messenger through which information about malfunctions of the organs is transmitted. A special map-guide “Types of acne and what they mean” has been compiled. This is a kind of projection of the internal organs on the face zones:

• forehead – small intestine;
• eyelids and around the eyes – kidneys;
• temporal region – gallbladder;
• middle third of the face, cheekbones – stomach;
• chin – pelvic organs;
• nose – pancreas;
• lower third of the face, lower jaw – lungs. < < />i>

When acne is found on the face and body, several reasons are considered:

1. Sex hormone imbalance. An increase in the concentration of the male hormone (testosterone) leads to hypersecretion of the sebaceous glands, hyperproduction of sebum. To confirm, an analysis is given for sex hormones, a consultation with a gynecologist is carried out to exclude diseases of the pelvic organs.
2. Diseases of the liver. This “filter” of the body in the course of cleansing the blood of toxins can “clog”. Such a failure is reflected in the skin. It is possible to check your assumptions by donating blood for biochemistry.
3. Digestive problems. Violation of motility and intestinal motility, frequent constipation contribute to intoxication and the appearance of acne. There is a reason to visit a gastroenterologist and take an analysis for dysbacteriosis.
4. Infections. Streptococci and staphylococci cause acne. If pus is present along with serous fluid, bacteriological culture is done and antibiotic treatment is prescribed.
5. Weak immunity. Often ARVI / ARI are accompanied by purulent rashes.
6. Allergy. Spontaneous rash may be the result of an allergic reaction. So that it does not recur in the future, it is necessary to identify the factor that causes hypersensitivity. For this, allergy tests are carried out.

Types of acne and treatments

The word “pimple” is a collective term used by the people to refer to the entire spectrum of dermatological imperfections. In medicine, the following types of acne on the face are distinguished:

Comedo

This is what the future purulent pimple arises from. Hair follicles (pores) become clogged with sebum, dead cells, pollution and/or cosmetics. Further development of the process is possible according to two scenarios, according to which two types are distinguished.

Closed comedones (whiteheads / milia / millet) – resemble dense, white, protruding balls (1-2 mm in diameter), covered with a thin layer of the epidermis. Because of them, the relief becomes bumpy. The content of the pore is localized deeply and is blocked from the external environment. Therefore, the color of the sebum remains yellowish-white, for which they are also called wen.

Characteristic for combination and oily skin types. No pain or itching from them. Inflammation occurs when tissue becomes infected. The result – scars, scars.

Treatment. Various types of peeling are suitable: mechanical, chemical, vacuum, ultrasonic. For care, you should choose sebum-regulating products (masks, gels, creams).

Open comedones (black dots) – unlike whiteheads, they are not covered with a layer of keratinized cells. The pores are open, and the sebaceous plug is exposed to air and oxidized by oxygen. Therefore, the fat darkens, acquiring a black color.

Treatment. First of all, proper care, taking into account the type of skin, regular chemical peels and other exfoliating methods (clay masks, warming masks, gommage, scrubs, rolls and film masks).

Important! All skin care products and decorative cosmetics must be marked “non-comedogenic”.

When an infection enters a comedone, two types of red pimples are formed: papules and pustules.

Papule

This is the name of a full-fledged pimple in the form of a bump, tubercle or ball. These are monochromatic formations, the color of which varies from red to bluish. During palpation, they turn pale, turn white due to squeezing of the vessels, and then acquire their original color. When pressed, severe pain is felt – a sign of inflammation. Inside the papule is pus, the adjacent skin is noticeably swollen. If they form in the upper layers of the skin, they dissolve without a trace. With a deep occurrence, this type of acne leaves behind scars.

Treatment. It will not work and is not worth getting rid of them on your own, since the purulent focus is located deep in the dermis. When squeezed out, the infection can spread to healthy areas, as well as swelling, and even sepsis is possible. The dermatologist will select combined methods: a review of the diet, the rejection of certain types of cosmetics, the correct selection of skin care products. The dermatologist will select topical acne remedies and drying lotions. They should contain components such as benzoyl peroxide, salicylic acid and zinc.

Pustule

Such a pimple arises both by itself and from a papule. In contrast to the latter, it resembles a strongly swollen ball, which at the base has a red inflamed border and a head with liquid or white / yellow pus in the center. This is the result of the multiplication of bacteria – streptococci, staphylococci – in the pores. When ripe, the pustules burst. The resulting wound makes the human body vulnerable to the penetration of new bacteria. They cause great discomfort to their owner, as they are painful even at rest. In addition, scars remain in memory of them.

Treatment. With a tendency of the epithelium to form pustules, sebum-regulating creams and serums should be chosen as care products. Pharmaceutical drying and anti-inflammatory agents based on alcohol and salicylic acid are effective for treatment. Iodine also does a good job.

This is the name of a severe and painful form of acne. They look like several papules and pustules connected by fistulous ducts deep in the dermis. The cause of the occurrence is hormonal changes, which is typical for adolescents, but also occurs in adults. In case of extrusion, they spread under the skin and cause extensive inflammation. After healing, keloid scars form.

Treatment. It begins with a consultation with a dermatologist and a hormone test. Sometimes areas of inflammation are injected with cortisone to stop the inflammatory process. Cold compresses help slow down the spread of infection. It is important to keep clean and exfoliate the stratum corneum in a timely manner with a chemical peel. In advanced cases, creams and serums with vitamin A are used. Not always red, may not stand out in color. Palpation revealed a dense knot.

Treatment. Antibiotic therapy and anti-inflammatory drugs, balsamic liniment according to Vishnevsky, zinc and ichthyol ointments are shown.

Types and degrees of acne are interconnected. Here is how this dependence manifests itself:

1st degree. Acne occurs only in a certain area of ​​the face (for example, cheek, forehead, chin, nose). Rash in the form of pimples such as comedones, sometimes – papular and pustular acne.

2nd degree. The affected area is larger than in the previous case. In addition, the body is affected. Types of acne are the same: comedones, papules and pustules.

3rd degree. The number of papules and pustules prevails over comedones. The inflammatory process is “in its prime”, redness and itching are observed. Post-acne marks are visible.

4th degree. However, from the most acute forms of acne. Cysts and nodes predominate, which are fraught with deep atrophic scars. As a result, the skin becomes pitted.

Before starting acne treatment, it is worth understanding what types of acne are present on the face/body. An easy way to solve the problem is to use foundation and concealer. But this is just a disguise. It is necessary to stop the disease in the bud, because behind every inflammation on the skin lies a malfunction in the body. Such a thing cannot be trusted to one’s own hands, simply squeezing inflamed pimples. It is more rational to seek help from a cosmetologist, dermatologist. Cosmetics against acne should also be the next stage of treatment to consolidate the effect.

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• enlarged pores.

Improves the exfoliation of dead cells. Does not clog skin pores. Prevents the formation of comedones. This is a serum with 100% peptides for the face.

As an alternative to 3 monomolecules, you can take a closer look at the ResedaOdor sebum-regulating booster. Specially designed for skin with enlarged pores and prone to oiliness. Ideal facial treatment for oily and problematic skin, acts as a serum for problematic skin.

Seboregulatory Booster ResedaOdor

The sebum-regulating booster is based on two groups of active ingredients that ensure the correct exfoliation of the stratum corneum. Biocanin A and propolis extract.

Biocanin A regulates the sebaceous glands. Helps tighten pores and even out skin texture by compressing collagen fibers. Accelerates regeneration. Thanks to this component, the tone of the face improves, greasy shine disappears and the number of black dots (comedones) decreases.

Propolis extract has an anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effect. Activates local skin immunity

Facial acne treatment before and after photos.

Acne photo after treatment. Acne before and after photo treatment.

Contents:

1. Moderate acne
2. Acne on neck and head
3. Acne with ulcers
4. Acne is not just blackheads

Moderate acne treatment

A 26-year-old patient without a burdened history of somatic diseases came to our clinic with complaints of multiple eruptions on the face over a long period. I went to dermatologists, used multiple anti-inflammatory creams for acne on the skin (Zinerit, Skinoren, Klerasil, Baziron AS), which at first dried the elements for a short period of time, which then reappeared. The patient also performed repeated facial cleansing at estheticians without proper results.

Skin condition and severity of acne (pimples)

The parameters of the general blood test and biochemical blood test were within the normal range.

On examination, a general erythematous background (redness) is visible, the skin is hypersensitive, multiple inflammatory elements (papulopustular) and non-inflammatory (comedones) are visible. The lipid barrier of the skin is broken.

After collecting an anamnesis and conducting an examination, the diagnosis was made: “Acne of moderate severity, papulo-pustular form.”

Treatment

Conducted a complex anti-inflammatory, sebum-regulating, moisturizing, soothing therapy for the skin of the face and neck area with pronounced positive dynamics and stable remission.

The duration of the course was 6 months, followed by the transition to maintenance procedures once a month up to a year. After a year after the first procedure, we can refuse treatment due to the stabilization of metabolic processes in the skin.

The patient’s quality of life has significantly improved, self-confidence has appeared, the face has become clean, without inflammatory elements, the skin has acquired health and beauty.

Acne treatment

A 33-year-old patient complained of multiple painful rashes in the head and neck. For a long time he was treated by a dermatologist, used local therapy with pharmaceutical creams and ointments. The positive dynamics was observed weakly. The elements dried up a little after the application of antibacterial creams, after the drug was discontinued, they reappeared.

The question arose about taking systemic Roaccutane for a long period of time. The patient turned to the MDelena Cosmetology Clinic for a consultation. A course of anti-inflammatory, seboregulatory therapy in the neck and head was prescribed.

Performed 8 procedures once a week. Complex combinations of therapeutic peels were used in one procedure. The acids were applied one on top of the other with a different chemical composition, action, based on the dynamics of the patient’s clinical picture. The therapy was local. Systemic antibiotics and retinoids were not taken.

The use of an alexandrite laser gave an active anti-inflammatory effect in the neck treatment area. The head area had to be excluded.

We did not use injection therapy in the treatment of acne in a patient. A stable positive clinical result was obtained: purulent inflammatory rashes disappeared, redness and increased sensitivity of the skin to external environmental factors disappeared. There were single post-inflammatory red spots.

We have completed the first block of treatment. The main task was to remove purulent elements, stop the spread and stop the inflammatory process in the skin, and normalize the secretion of sebum.

The second block of treatment is post-acne correction: remove red spots and level out cicatricial atrophy of the skin.

Acne treatment

The patient was brought to the MDELENA cosmetology clinic by her mother. My daughter was treated in the States and Germany. In Germany, she was diagnosed with staphyloderma (purulent skin lesions), after which antibiotics were prescribed. Taking antibiotics did not give significant improvements in the condition of the skin, only slightly stopped the process of spreading skin lesions.

After the patient turned to another doctor, who also prescribed another course of antibiotics. Mom lives in Moscow, the daughter came to visit her mother. She turned to the clinic of Cosmetology MDelena, where she was diagnosed with Acne of a mixed form of moderate severity, complicated by cicatricial deformities, congestive bluish spots and non-healing ulcers.

The patient treated ulcerative skin defects with various antiseptics, but healing did not occur. Desperate, the young girl asked for at least something to be done, since her whole face hurt, she could not wash her face properly and go to work.

I conducted a course of anti-inflammatory and sebum-regulating therapy in combination with deep moisturizing of the skin. The combination of therapeutic peels and deep moisturizing made it possible to achieve a lasting effect, the skin completely healed, the ulcers disappeared, the rashes did not leave a trace, the skin color evened out, the pores narrowed, excess oiliness went away, while the skin became hydrated, self-sufficient, comfort appeared on the face.

After the course of treatment, the patient was prescribed competent home care aimed at normalizing the fat metabolism of the skin and enhancing its protective properties. The patient, after a course at the MDelena cosmetology clinic, eventually received healthy, clean skin. A competent medical approach and procedures strictly according to indications lead the patient to a cure in the shortest way.

Acne is not just black dots on the face

This is an inflammatory skin disease that can manifest itself in different forms:

• comedonal (those same black dots)

• papulo-pustular (red dots, acne, purulent elements, inflammation)

• phlegmanous and other more severe forms.

Many people think that acne is a natural process during puberty, and it will go away on its own, outgrowth.

This is wrong. It won’t go away on its own. Acne, like any disease, needs to be treated. Otherwise, complications are inevitable: scars, stagnant spots, hyperpigmentation, atrophy and thinning of the skin. Neither you nor your child needs it!

Acne can be cured completely in just 2-3 months➡ If left untreated, it goes into the post-acne stage. Post-acne treatment takes 6-12 times longer! This will take us 1-2 years.