What are the common symptoms of male yeast infections. How can you identify the causes of penile candidiasis. What are the most effective treatment options for male yeast infections. When should you seek medical attention for yeast-related symptoms.

Understanding Male Yeast Infections: An Overview

Male yeast infections, also known as penile candidiasis, are often overlooked but can cause significant discomfort and health concerns. While commonly associated with women, these fungal infections can affect anyone, including individuals with a penis. Understanding the nature of male yeast infections is crucial for proper identification, treatment, and prevention.

Yeast infections in males are typically caused by an overgrowth of Candida, a type of fungus naturally present in small amounts on the skin and mucous membranes. When the balance of microorganisms on the skin is disrupted, Candida can proliferate, leading to infection. This imbalance can occur due to various factors, including poor hygiene, weakened immune system, or certain medical conditions.

Recognizing the Symptoms of Male Yeast Infections

Identifying the symptoms of a male yeast infection is crucial for timely treatment. Common signs include:

• Redness, soreness, or swelling of the penis
• White, shiny patches on the penile skin
• Small red spots on the penis head
• Cracked or irritated foreskin
• Thick, white discharge under the foreskin or in skin folds
• Difficulty retracting the foreskin
• Itching or burning sensation
• Discomfort during urination or sexual intercourse

Is it possible to confuse male yeast infection symptoms with other conditions? Yes, it’s important to note that these symptoms can sometimes resemble those of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) or other penile conditions. Therefore, professional medical evaluation is essential for accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.

Risk Factors and Causes of Penile Yeast Infections

Several factors can increase the likelihood of developing a male yeast infection:

1. Poor personal hygiene
2. Prolonged exposure to moisture
3. Weakened immune system
4. Diabetes or high blood sugar levels
5. Obesity
6. Use of antibiotics
7. Tight-fitting underwear or wet clothing
8. Unprotected sexual activity with a partner who has a yeast infection
9. Use of certain soaps or skin products that cause irritation
10. Being uncircumcised

Can male yeast infections develop without sexual contact? Indeed, while sexual transmission is possible, many cases of male yeast infections occur without any sexual activity. Factors such as poor hygiene, prolonged moisture exposure, or an imbalanced immune system can independently trigger an overgrowth of Candida.

Diagnosing Male Yeast Infections: The Medical Approach

Proper diagnosis of a male yeast infection typically involves a medical examination and may include the following steps:

• Physical examination of the affected area
• Discussion of symptoms and medical history
• Microscopic examination of skin samples
• In some cases, fungal culture tests

Why is professional diagnosis important for male yeast infections? While symptoms may seem straightforward, other conditions can present similarly. A healthcare provider can differentiate between a yeast infection and other penile conditions, ensuring appropriate treatment and preventing potential complications.

Effective Treatment Options for Male Yeast Infections

Treatment for male yeast infections typically involves antifungal medications. The choice of treatment depends on the severity and frequency of the infection:

Over-the-Counter (OTC) Treatments

For mild to moderate infections, OTC antifungal creams and ointments are often effective. Common options include:

• Miconazole (Lotrimin AF, Cruex, Desenex)
• Clotrimazole (Lotrimin AF, Anti-Fungal)
• Imidazole (Canesten, Selezen)

Prescription Medications

For more severe or recurrent infections, a doctor may prescribe:

• Oral fluconazole (Diflucan)
• Prescription-strength topical antifungals
• Hydrocortisone cream for inflammation

How long does it take for male yeast infection treatments to work? Most treatments begin to provide relief within a few days, with complete resolution typically occurring within one to two weeks. However, it’s crucial to complete the full course of treatment as prescribed, even if symptoms improve earlier.

Preventing Male Yeast Infections: Practical Strategies

Preventing male yeast infections involves maintaining good hygiene and addressing risk factors:

• Keep the genital area clean and dry
• Wear breathable, loose-fitting underwear
• Change out of wet clothing promptly
• Use mild, unscented soaps
• Avoid douching or using harsh cleansers
• Manage underlying conditions like diabetes
• Practice safe sex and use protection
• Avoid prolonged antibiotic use when possible

Can dietary changes help prevent male yeast infections? While not a primary prevention strategy, some evidence suggests that reducing sugar intake and incorporating probiotics into your diet may help maintain a healthy balance of microorganisms, potentially reducing the risk of yeast overgrowth.

Complications and When to Seek Medical Attention

While most male yeast infections are easily treatable, complications can arise if left untreated or in individuals with compromised immune systems. Potential complications include:

• Balanitis (inflammation of the penis head)
• Balanoposthitis (inflammation of both the penis head and foreskin)
• Phimosis (inability to retract the foreskin)
• Spread of infection to other body parts

When should you consult a healthcare provider for a potential male yeast infection? It’s advisable to seek medical attention if:

• Symptoms persist after a week of OTC treatment
• You experience recurrent infections
• Symptoms are severe or worsening
• You have underlying health conditions like diabetes or HIV
• You’re unsure whether your symptoms indicate a yeast infection or another condition

Male Yeast Infections and Sexual Health

Male yeast infections can have implications for sexual health and relationships. Consider the following:

• Abstain from sexual activity until the infection clears to prevent transmission
• Inform sexual partners about the infection
• Use protection during sexual activity, even after treatment, until fully healed
• Be aware that male yeast infections can sometimes be asymptomatic

Can male yeast infections affect fertility? While yeast infections themselves don’t directly impact fertility, severe or chronic infections could potentially lead to complications that might affect reproductive health. It’s always best to address any genital health concerns promptly to prevent potential long-term effects.

Debunking Myths About Male Yeast Infections

Several misconceptions surround male yeast infections. Let’s address some common myths:

Myth 1: Only Women Get Yeast Infections

Reality: While more common in women, yeast infections can affect anyone, regardless of gender or anatomy.

Myth 2: Male Yeast Infections Always Come from Sexual Partners

Reality: While sexual transmission is possible, many factors can cause male yeast infections independently of sexual activity.

Myth 3: Yeast Infections Are a Sign of Poor Hygiene

Reality: While poor hygiene can contribute, many other factors can cause yeast infections, even in individuals with good hygiene practices.

Myth 4: All Penile Irritations Are Yeast Infections

Reality: Various conditions can cause penile irritation. Professional diagnosis is crucial for proper treatment.

Why is it important to dispel these myths about male yeast infections? Misconceptions can lead to delayed treatment, inappropriate self-diagnosis, or unnecessary stigma. Understanding the facts helps individuals seek proper care and maintain better genital health.

The Role of Probiotics in Managing Male Yeast Infections

Probiotics, beneficial microorganisms that support a healthy balance of bacteria in the body, may play a role in managing and preventing male yeast infections:

• Oral probiotic supplements may help maintain a healthy microbiome
• Some studies suggest probiotics can enhance the effectiveness of antifungal treatments
• Probiotic-rich foods like yogurt and kefir may contribute to overall microbiome health

How effective are probiotics in preventing male yeast infections? While research is ongoing, some evidence suggests that probiotics may help reduce the risk of recurrent yeast infections by promoting a balanced microbiome. However, probiotics should be considered a complementary approach rather than a primary treatment for active infections.

Male Yeast Infections in Special Populations

Certain groups may be at higher risk for male yeast infections or may require special considerations in treatment:

Diabetic Men

Men with diabetes are more susceptible to yeast infections due to elevated blood sugar levels. Proper diabetes management is crucial for prevention and treatment.

Immunocompromised Individuals

Those with weakened immune systems, such as HIV-positive individuals or those undergoing chemotherapy, may experience more frequent or severe yeast infections.

Uncircumcised Men

The presence of foreskin creates an environment more conducive to yeast growth. Extra attention to hygiene is important for uncircumcised men.

Athletes and Active Individuals

Those who sweat frequently or wear tight-fitting athletic gear may be at increased risk. Proper hygiene and quick changing out of sweaty clothes are essential.

How does the approach to treating male yeast infections differ in these special populations? Treatment may involve more aggressive antifungal therapies, longer treatment durations, or additional measures to address underlying risk factors. Close medical supervision is often necessary to ensure effective management and prevent recurrence.

The Psychological Impact of Male Yeast Infections

While often viewed primarily as a physical health issue, male yeast infections can have psychological effects:

• Embarrassment or shame about symptoms
• Anxiety about sexual activity or relationships
• Stress related to recurrent infections
• Impact on self-esteem and body image

How can individuals cope with the psychological aspects of male yeast infections? Open communication with healthcare providers and partners, education about the condition, and seeking support when needed can help manage the emotional impact. Remember that yeast infections are a common health issue and nothing to be ashamed of.

Future Directions in Male Yeast Infection Research and Treatment

Ongoing research in the field of male yeast infections is focusing on several areas:

• Development of new antifungal medications with fewer side effects
• Understanding the role of the microbiome in yeast infection susceptibility
• Exploring natural and alternative treatment options
• Improving diagnostic techniques for faster, more accurate identification

What potential advancements might we see in male yeast infection treatment in the coming years? Future treatments may include personalized approaches based on individual microbiome profiles, targeted probiotics, or novel antifungal compounds that offer more efficient and longer-lasting results.

In conclusion, male yeast infections, while often overlooked, are a significant health concern that requires attention and proper management. By understanding the symptoms, causes, and treatment options, individuals can take proactive steps to maintain their genital health and overall well-being. Remember, timely medical consultation is key to effective diagnosis and treatment of male yeast infections.

Male Yeast Infection: Symptoms, Treatment, and More

Penile yeast infections can create a range of uncomfortable symptoms, but are often treated quickly by OTC medications, and can be reduced by taking certain steps, such as practicing proper hygiene.

A yeast infection is often thought of as a female health problem, but it can affect anyone, including people with a penis.

A penile yeast infection can lead to a wide range of painful and uncomfortable symptoms if not treated. It can also lead to serious complications if the infection spreads to your bloodstream.

Over-the-counter (OTC) medications can often clear up a yeast infection, and some basic prevention steps can help you avoid this fairly common condition.

Some of the most common symptoms of a penile yeast infection include:

• redness, soreness, or swelling of the penis
• white, shiny patches at the top of the penis
• small red spots at the top of the penis
• cracked foreskin
• thick, white discharge under the foreskin or other folds of skin
• difficulty pulling back the foreskin
• itchiness
• burning sensation during urination
• pain or discomfort during sex

Redness, itchiness, and pain in the penis can be signs of other more serious conditions, like some sexually transmitted infections (STIs), so do not ignore symptoms once they appear.

A urologist or primary care doctor can diagnose the condition, often in a single appointment.

A yeast infection is usually caused by a fungus called candida. A small amount of candida is usually present in the body. All it takes is an overgrowth of candida to develop a yeast infection.

A moist environment is ideal for candida to spread, according to 2018 research.

Having sex with a person who has a vaginal yeast infection without using a condom can also cause a penile yeast infection. However, you can also develop an infection without sexual activity.

Aside from sex with a partner who has a yeast infection, several other risk factors can increase your odds of developing a penile yeast infection, such as:

• not cleaning your genitals or bathing regularly
• having a weakened immune function due to certain medications or health conditions
• using antibiotics long term
• wearing wet clothing or tight-fitting underwear
• using skin products or soaps that cause skin irritation
• having diabetes
• using lubricated condoms
• being uncircumcised
• having obesity

Once you make an appointment, a doctor will ask you about your symptoms and likely examine your genitals. Some of the white substance that forms on the penis may be examined under a microscope to confirm the type of fungus causing the symptoms, according to 2022 research.

If you cannot get in to see a doctor or a urologist, consider a visit to an urgent care center or the emergency room. The earlier the problem is diagnosed and treatment begins, the more likely it is you can avoid complications.

It’s not recommended for a person to diagnose themselves and start treatment on their own. If symptoms of a yeast infection are present, contact a doctor. If symptoms are allowed to persist, complications can become very uncomfortable.

In most cases, topical antifungal ointments and creams are enough to clear up an infection. Some of the antifungal creams recommended for a yeast infection include:

• miconazole (Lotrimin AF, Cruex, Desenex, Ting Antifungal)
• imidazole (Canesten, Selezen)
• clotrimazole (Lotrimin AF, Anti-Fungal, Cruex, Desenex, Lotrimin AF Ringworm)

Most of these are available as OTC medications, which means you will not need a prescription. More serious or long-term infections may require prescription-strength medication.

Oral fluconazole (Diflucan) and hydrocortisone cream may be advised in serious infections, like those that have developed into a potentially serious condition called balanitis.

Most antifungal creams are well tolerated and unlikely to cause any serious side effects. Check the label, however, and ask a doctor and pharmacist what to look out for in case you have a bad reaction.

Recurrent yeast infections

Yeast infections sometimes return after they seem to have been cured. If this happens, your doctor will likely recommend a few weeks of daily treatments followed by a few months of weekly treatments.

In some cases, treatment for recurrent yeast infections can last up to 6 months.

If your infection does not respond well to an antifungal ointment and you are uncircumcised, you may be advised to have an adult male circumcision, according to 2016 research. Though this surgical procedure is usually done on infants, it can be done safely on people of any age.

Diabetes and yeast infections

Factors like diabetes and a suppressed immune system may contribute to your yeast infection risk, according to 2019 research.

If you have diabetes, work with a healthcare professional to make sure your blood sugar levels are well-managed. If you have a suppressed immune system, a doctor can recommend ways to help keep your immune system as healthy as possible.

If left untreated, a penile yeast infection can lead to some serious complications.

Balanitis

One of the potential complications of a penile yeast infection is balanitis. Balanitis is an inflammation of the foreskin or head of the penis. Diabetes can increase your risk for balanitis.

If balanitis is not treated effectively, scarring of the foreskin can occur. It can also cause adhesions on the penis.

Balanitis can be painful and make urinating more difficult. If untreated, it can cause swollen and painful glands as well as weakness and fatigue.

Invasive candidiasis

A yeast infection may enter the bloodstream. This is known as candidemia or invasive candidiasis.

This is most common in people who wait to receive treatment until the infection has spread beyond the penis. It is also more common in those with weakened immune systems.

If you’ve been in a hospital and used a catheter to urinate, you may be more likely to face invasive candidiasis. This advanced form of yeast infection is very serious.

Oral antifungal medications may be needed for several weeks. In some cases, the drugs are administered intravenously.

If your infection is treated early and responds well to antifungal medication, it can clear up within 7 to 14 days.

If you are sexually active, your partner should also be treated for a yeast infection to avoid passing the infection on to them, or back to you.

If you get repeated yeast infections and can rule out causes like hygiene and sexual contact, talk with a doctor about other possible causes. You may have an underlying health condition, such as diabetes.

You can help prevent a penile yeast infection by avoiding sexual contact with a partner who has a yeast infection.

You should also avoid having sex with anyone while you have an active yeast infection, as you could pass the infection back to your partner. This could cause the two of you to pass an infection back and forth.

To lower the risk of getting a yeast infection or passing one along, do the following:

• Wear an external condom each time you have sex to help reduce your chances of developing a yeast infection.
• Practice good hygiene, and keep your penis and genitals clean and dry.
• If you are uncircumcised, clean under the foreskin with soap and water, and return your foreskin to its usual position after you have sexual intercourse.

Penile yeast infections are not as common as vaginal yeast infections, but they do occur. They may result from poor hygiene or sex with a partner who has a vaginal yeast infection without using an external condom.

Symptoms include small white patches and redness on the skin as well as itchiness or burning. If left untreated, it can also cause other conditions and complications.

Topical antifungal ointments and creams can typically treat the infection and reduce the risk of long-term complications.

Male Yeast Infection: Symptoms, Treatment, and More

Penile yeast infections can create a range of uncomfortable symptoms, but are often treated quickly by OTC medications, and can be reduced by taking certain steps, such as practicing proper hygiene.

A yeast infection is often thought of as a female health problem, but it can affect anyone, including people with a penis.

A penile yeast infection can lead to a wide range of painful and uncomfortable symptoms if not treated. It can also lead to serious complications if the infection spreads to your bloodstream.

Over-the-counter (OTC) medications can often clear up a yeast infection, and some basic prevention steps can help you avoid this fairly common condition.

Some of the most common symptoms of a penile yeast infection include:

• redness, soreness, or swelling of the penis
• white, shiny patches at the top of the penis
• small red spots at the top of the penis
• cracked foreskin
• thick, white discharge under the foreskin or other folds of skin
• difficulty pulling back the foreskin
• itchiness
• burning sensation during urination
• pain or discomfort during sex

Redness, itchiness, and pain in the penis can be signs of other more serious conditions, like some sexually transmitted infections (STIs), so do not ignore symptoms once they appear.

A urologist or primary care doctor can diagnose the condition, often in a single appointment.

A yeast infection is usually caused by a fungus called candida. A small amount of candida is usually present in the body. All it takes is an overgrowth of candida to develop a yeast infection.

A moist environment is ideal for candida to spread, according to 2018 research.

Having sex with a person who has a vaginal yeast infection without using a condom can also cause a penile yeast infection. However, you can also develop an infection without sexual activity.

Aside from sex with a partner who has a yeast infection, several other risk factors can increase your odds of developing a penile yeast infection, such as:

• not cleaning your genitals or bathing regularly
• having a weakened immune function due to certain medications or health conditions
• using antibiotics long term
• wearing wet clothing or tight-fitting underwear
• using skin products or soaps that cause skin irritation
• having diabetes
• using lubricated condoms
• being uncircumcised
• having obesity

Once you make an appointment, a doctor will ask you about your symptoms and likely examine your genitals. Some of the white substance that forms on the penis may be examined under a microscope to confirm the type of fungus causing the symptoms, according to 2022 research.

If you cannot get in to see a doctor or a urologist, consider a visit to an urgent care center or the emergency room. The earlier the problem is diagnosed and treatment begins, the more likely it is you can avoid complications.

It’s not recommended for a person to diagnose themselves and start treatment on their own. If symptoms of a yeast infection are present, contact a doctor. If symptoms are allowed to persist, complications can become very uncomfortable.

In most cases, topical antifungal ointments and creams are enough to clear up an infection. Some of the antifungal creams recommended for a yeast infection include:

• miconazole (Lotrimin AF, Cruex, Desenex, Ting Antifungal)
• imidazole (Canesten, Selezen)
• clotrimazole (Lotrimin AF, Anti-Fungal, Cruex, Desenex, Lotrimin AF Ringworm)

Most of these are available as OTC medications, which means you will not need a prescription. More serious or long-term infections may require prescription-strength medication.

Oral fluconazole (Diflucan) and hydrocortisone cream may be advised in serious infections, like those that have developed into a potentially serious condition called balanitis.

Most antifungal creams are well tolerated and unlikely to cause any serious side effects. Check the label, however, and ask a doctor and pharmacist what to look out for in case you have a bad reaction.

Recurrent yeast infections

Yeast infections sometimes return after they seem to have been cured. If this happens, your doctor will likely recommend a few weeks of daily treatments followed by a few months of weekly treatments.

In some cases, treatment for recurrent yeast infections can last up to 6 months.

If your infection does not respond well to an antifungal ointment and you are uncircumcised, you may be advised to have an adult male circumcision, according to 2016 research. Though this surgical procedure is usually done on infants, it can be done safely on people of any age.

Diabetes and yeast infections

Factors like diabetes and a suppressed immune system may contribute to your yeast infection risk, according to 2019 research.

If you have diabetes, work with a healthcare professional to make sure your blood sugar levels are well-managed. If you have a suppressed immune system, a doctor can recommend ways to help keep your immune system as healthy as possible.

If left untreated, a penile yeast infection can lead to some serious complications.

Balanitis

One of the potential complications of a penile yeast infection is balanitis. Balanitis is an inflammation of the foreskin or head of the penis. Diabetes can increase your risk for balanitis.

If balanitis is not treated effectively, scarring of the foreskin can occur. It can also cause adhesions on the penis.

Balanitis can be painful and make urinating more difficult. If untreated, it can cause swollen and painful glands as well as weakness and fatigue.

Invasive candidiasis

A yeast infection may enter the bloodstream. This is known as candidemia or invasive candidiasis.

This is most common in people who wait to receive treatment until the infection has spread beyond the penis. It is also more common in those with weakened immune systems.

If you’ve been in a hospital and used a catheter to urinate, you may be more likely to face invasive candidiasis. This advanced form of yeast infection is very serious.

Oral antifungal medications may be needed for several weeks. In some cases, the drugs are administered intravenously.

If your infection is treated early and responds well to antifungal medication, it can clear up within 7 to 14 days.

If you are sexually active, your partner should also be treated for a yeast infection to avoid passing the infection on to them, or back to you.

If you get repeated yeast infections and can rule out causes like hygiene and sexual contact, talk with a doctor about other possible causes. You may have an underlying health condition, such as diabetes.

You can help prevent a penile yeast infection by avoiding sexual contact with a partner who has a yeast infection.

You should also avoid having sex with anyone while you have an active yeast infection, as you could pass the infection back to your partner. This could cause the two of you to pass an infection back and forth.

To lower the risk of getting a yeast infection or passing one along, do the following:

• Wear an external condom each time you have sex to help reduce your chances of developing a yeast infection.
• Practice good hygiene, and keep your penis and genitals clean and dry.
• If you are uncircumcised, clean under the foreskin with soap and water, and return your foreskin to its usual position after you have sexual intercourse.

Penile yeast infections are not as common as vaginal yeast infections, but they do occur. They may result from poor hygiene or sex with a partner who has a vaginal yeast infection without using an external condom.

Symptoms include small white patches and redness on the skin as well as itchiness or burning. If left untreated, it can also cause other conditions and complications.

Topical antifungal ointments and creams can typically treat the infection and reduce the risk of long-term complications.

Inexpensive and effective tablets for thrush for men and women

THERE ARE CONTRAINDICATIONS. POSSIBLE SIDE EFFECTS. A SPECIALIST’S CONSULTATION IS REQUIRED. Thrush

Author of the article

Khokhrina Kristina Sergeevna, pharmacist

All authors

Content of the article

• For women 9 0014
• For men
• Ask an expert on the topic of the article

Antibiotics, hormones, immunosuppressants help in the treatment of serious diseases. But with irrational or prolonged use, they can be harmful. They disrupt the composition of the intestinal microflora, weaken the immune system, and then mushrooms enter the “scene”. The most common fungal infection is candidiasis, which is caused by yeast-like fungi Candida . In a small amount, they are present in the human body, but when the immune system is weakened, they begin to multiply actively. For example, Candida albicans in 95% of cases is the cause of thrush in women.

Pharmacist Kristina Khokhrina talks about pills that are used to treat candidiasis in men and women.

For women

Thrush or vulvovaginal candidiasis is an inflammation of the mucous membrane of the genital tract caused by a fungus of the genus Candida . The “folk” name of the disease comes from the manifestation of the disease in the form of white curdled discharge. Another characteristic symptom of candidiasis is severe itching and burning in the vulva and vagina. Thrush does not go away on its own; effective and inexpensive drugs in dosage forms have been developed for its treatment:

• oral tablets: Fluconazole, Itraconazole
• topical antimycotics: vaginal suppositories, creams, tablets: Clotrimazole, Pimafucin, Zalain

Oral thrush tablets have advantages and disadvantages over topical medication.

Pros :

• high efficiency
• work in all lesions that can cause a recurrence of the disease, but are not amenable to topical agents
• they can be taken during menstruation
• comfort and ease of reception

Cons :

• serious side effects
• interaction with other drugs in the body

We list drugs in the form of tablets and capsules that are prescribed for the treatment of thrush:

• Diflucan, Fluconazole, Flucostat – the active substance is fluconazole
• Irunin, Orungal, Rumikoz – active substance itraconazole
• Pimafucin, Ecofucin – active ingredient natamycin
• Medicine with fluconazole is considered by doctors as the drug of choice for thrush. It is most active against Candida and well tolerated. In acute candidiasis, a single dose of 150 mg of fluconazole is sufficient to cure.

All products Pimafucin

20 reviews

All products Diflucan

20 reviews

All products Irunin

25 reviews

All products Fluconazole

21 reviews

For men

Candide oz or thrush in men is rare. Signs of the disease: redness, white coating on the glans penis, accumulations of a curdled appearance under the foreskin, severe itching and burning during urination.

Drugs for the treatment of candidiasis in men are practically the same as those used in women. Of course, with the exception of vaginal suppositories and tablets. Patients are prescribed external antifungal drugs – solutions, creams and ointments. If necessary, the treatment is supplemented with oral tablets.

Tablets help to quickly cure thrush, but may have a negative effect on the body. They can only be used as directed by a doctor.

Disease is easier to prevent than to cure. To prevent candidiasis, you need to strengthen the immune system, maintain the intestinal microflora, avoid stress and self-treatment, follow the rules of personal hygiene, be attentive to your health and the health of your sexual partner.

Ask an expert about the topic of the article

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Remedies for thrush: pills, suppositories, ointments

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Encyclopedia

Diseases of the intimate zone

Vulvovaginal candidiasis (or “thrush”) is an infectious lesion accompanied by inflammation of the vaginal mucosa, which is caused by fungi of the genus Candida.

The author of the article

Molchanov Oleg Leonidovich

Gynecologist, reproductive specialist, doctor of medical sciences.

Thrush

When “thrush” characteristic symptoms are observed:

Pain during sexual intercourse and urination is possible organisms and are present in small quantities on the mucous membranes and skin of humans ^{1. 2} . However, under certain unfavorable conditions, yeast-like fungi begin to actively multiply and lead to disease.

Risk factors for the development of thrush:

The presence of chronic diseases and immunodeficiency conditions (HIV infection, diabetes mellitus, etc.)

Chronic stress and emotional overstrain

Irregular and / or unbalanced diet 900 05

Pregnancy

Frequent use of antibiotics, glucocorticosteroids, active hormonal contraception

Alcohol and smoking abuse

How is thrush treated?

Antifungal agents are used to treat thrush. These funds are systemic (tablets taken by mouth), as well as local – are produced in the form of vaginal tablets, suppositories, solutions and creams. The choice of drugs is based on various parameters: the severity of inflammation, the sensitivity of Candida fungi to a particular drug, the state of the woman’s immune system and the presence of concomitant diseases, as well as the convenience and ease of use ² .

How to treat thrush? Watch in a short video Professor, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Evgenia Valerievna Shikh

Classification of drugs for “thrush”

Antifungal agents differ in chemical structure, on the basis of which they are divided into several classes of drugs that differ in the mechanism of action and a number of effects:

• Drugs of the azole group
• Combinations
• Other antifungals

Antifungal drugs of various groups used to treat thrush

Sertaconazole (original Zalain®)

Characteristics

The unique structure of the sertaconazole molecule includes imidazole and benzothiophene derivatives, which enhance each other’s actions, thereby having an antifungal effect with a vengeance ²⁵ .

What is the difference between sertaconazole for the treatment of thrush? Watch in a short video of the professor, doctor of medical sciences, Shikh Evgenia Valerievna.

Features of action

Sertaconazole, being a member of the azole class, has a special chemical structure that combines an imidazole ring and benzothiophene. The imidazole ring is “responsible” for the disruption of the normal functioning of the cell membrane of the fungus, due to which its growth stops and the ability to reproduce is blocked. Benzothiophene is directly integrated into the cell wall, after which the death of the fungal cell occurs. Thus, preparations based on sertaconazole have both fungistatic (stop the growth and reproduction of the fungus) and fungicidal (contribute to its death) effect ¹² . The third type of action against fungi of the genus Candida by sertaconazole is its ability to prevent the transition of a fungal cell from a saprophytic (inactive) form to a potentially invasive or active one (capable of incorporating into mucosal cells and causing inflammation) ¹³ .

Thus, sertaconazole has a unique triple mechanism of action against fungi of the genus Candida.

A number of studies have demonstrated a high sensitivity of fungi to sertaconazole compared to other azole antifungals ^13.14 . One explanation for this is that sertaconazole is a more modern drug from the azole group, which may be associated with fewer cases of resistance or addiction of fungi to this therapy. Sertaconazole has a broad spectrum of activity against pathogenic fungi (Candida albicans, C. Tropicalis, C. Spp., Pityrosporum orbiculare), dermatophytes (Trichophyton and Microsporum) ¹⁴ .

The drug has an antibacterial effect against streptococci and staphylococci ²² , relieves itching ²⁴ and inflammation ²³ .

Dosage and administration regimen

Zalain ^® is presented on the basis of sertaconazole in 2 forms:

• Cream Zalain ^® for external use

For vaginal use of Zalain suppositories ^®

For the treatment of thrush: single administration of 1 Zalain suppository ^® into the vagina. A high concentration of sertaconosal, active ingredient Zalain ^® suppositories, persists for 7 days. Such a long-term effect is ensured due to the property of lipophilicity – the ability of sertaconazole to dissolve in lipid (fat) cell structures. If symptoms persist, it is recommended to re-insert another 1 suppository into the vagina after 7 days ¹⁵ .

Cream Zalain ^® for external use

For the treatment of thrush: Zalain ^® cream is used for lesions of the external genital organs to reduce the severity of itching, burning and other discomfort in the area of ​​the labia majora and minor.

It is recommended to apply to the affected areas of the skin 2 times a day. The duration of treatment is 4 weeks.

Fluconazole

Characteristics

Triazole antifungal (azole class)

Features of action

Like many other antifungal agents, fluconazole acts on the cell wall of the fungal cell. Basically, it delays or blocks the action of certain enzymes (special protein substances) that are necessary for the normal functioning of the outer membrane of the fungal cell, and when it is destroyed, the death of the fungus itself occurs (fungicidal effect) ³ .

Preparations containing fluconazole are available in capsule form and are used to treat various types of fungal infections, since this substance penetrates into all body fluids in the body (including vaginal secretions).

Dosing and administration regimen

Fluconazole capsules are used in various dosages for the treatment of certain types of fungal infections. For example, with widespread fungal infections (generalized candidiasis), the dose of the substance should be 400 mg per day, and for the treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis, 150 mg of fluconazole is used once ⁴ . The duration of treatment with drugs with fluconazole depends on the type of fungal disease and is determined individually.

For the treatment of thrush: Fluconazole 150 mg is taken as a single oral dose.
Fluconazole is not recommended for use during pregnancy and while breastfeeding. Preparations with fluconazole can be used to prevent recurring episodes of vulvovaginal candidiasis ² , but the formation of fungal resistance to exposure to this substance should be taken into account ⁵ .

Ketoconazole

Feature

Antifungal agent of the imidazole series (azole class)

Features of action

Ketoconazole has activity against yeast fungi and dermatophytes6. The mechanism of its action is associated with the inhibition of fungal cell division, as well as disruption of their vital activity by affecting cell permeability, which can cause the death of the fungus (fungistatic + fungicidal effect) ⁷ .

Dosage and administration regimen

Preparations based on ketoconazole are available in the form of tablets (for the treatment of fungal infections of internal organs and other localizations, as well as for common forms of mycoses), shampoos (for the treatment of fungal infections of the scalp), ointments (for the external treatment of mycoses of the skin, nails), vaginal suppositories (for the treatment of thrush in women).

The dosage of ketoconazole depends on the location of the lesion, the severity of the disease, the age, body weight of the person and comorbidities. Ketoconazole is not used during pregnancy and lactation. Tablets for adults are recommended in a daily dose of at least 200 mg and not more than 400 mg. The ointment is applied to the affected areas in a thin layer once a day ⁴ .

Clotrimazole

Characteristics

Antifungal drug – a synthetic derivative of imidazole (a class of azoles).

Features of action

It affects the enzymatic activity of cell membranes, stopping the division of fungal cells (fungistatic effect). May be fungicidal in high concentrations ¹⁰ .

Dosage and administration regimen

Preparations with clotrimazole for external use are available in the form of ointments, creams and solutions, vaginal tablets. Ointment and cream with clotrimazole are applied to the affected areas 2-3 times a day, the duration of treatment is determined in a particular case, but is at least 1 week (average 2-3 weeks) ⁴ .

For the treatment of thrush: prescribe 1 suppository 200 mg at night for 3 days or 1 suppository 100 mg for 6 days. The literature describes cases of insensitivity of fungi to therapy with clotrimazole ¹¹ .

Nystatin

Characteristics

Antifungal drug from the group of polyene antibiotics. Substances from this group are produced by special microorganisms of the genus Streptomyces.

Features of action

Nystatin disrupts the vital activity of fungal cells, stops their growth and reproduction (fungistatic effect).

Widely used to treat certain types of fungal infections, in particular vulvovaginal candidiasis (including during pregnancy) caused by fungi of the genus Candida, as well as fungal infections of the skin and internal organs ² .

Nystatin is poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, resulting in poorer efficacy in preventing fungal infection compared to, for example, the azole group of drugs ¹⁶ .

Dosage and administration regimen

Tablets with nystatin are prescribed for candidiasis of internal organs, 500,000 IU 4-8 times a day. Ointment with nystatin is prescribed in the form of applications to the areas of the skin affected by the fungus 2 times a day. Rectal suppositories are used in the same mode for the treatment of candidiasis of the lower intestines ⁴ .

For the treatment of thrush: Vaginal suppositories with nystatin are used 2 times a day to treat vaginal candidiasis. The course of treatment with any kind of drugs with nystain should not be shorter than 7 days, even if the condition improved before ¹⁷ .

Natamycin

Characteristics

Another antifungal drug from the group of polyene antibiotics.

Features of action

It disrupts the transport processes of fungal cells, depriving them of all energy substrates. As a result, the fungus cell loses the ability to reproduce, and then its death occurs (fungicidal effect) ¹⁸ .

Used for the treatment and prevention of fungal infections of the skin and mucous membranes, including the treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis. Mushrooms practically do not develop resistance (insensitivity) to its action ¹⁸ .

Dosage and administration regimen

Oral forms of preparations with natamycin are used at a dose of 100 mg with a frequency of administration 4 times a day. 2% ointment with natamycin is applied externally, applied to the skin 1-2 times a day ⁴ .

For the treatment of thrush: Vaginal suppositories are used 1-2 times a day to treat vaginal candidiasis. The duration of treatment with natamycin preparations is determined individually, but it is always recommended to continue treatment for a few more days after symptoms have improved.

Povidone-iodine

Description

Local antiseptic preparation. Available in the form of vaginal suppositories.

Features of action

Active iodine, which is released from the active substance povidone-iodine, has a neutralizing effect on the cell wall of fungi, leading to cell death ¹⁹ .

Dosage and administration regimen

In case of candidiasis, 1 suppository is injected into the vagina 1 time per day for 7 days. It is also recommended as a prophylaxis before surgical or diagnostic interventions in the vagina.

For the treatment of thrush: 1 vaginal suppository 200 mg once a day for 7 days.
The drug is not used during pregnancy, breastfeeding and in women who have thyroid disease ⁴ .

Thus, a huge number of antifungal agents are currently used to treat vulvovaginal candidiasis (“thrush”). The choice of the drug depends primarily on the type of fungus that caused the disease (Candida albicans or Candida non-albicans), the presence or absence of a mixed infection (when other pathogenic flora is found along with an increased number of fungi in vaginal smears), as well as on the mechanism of action of the drug and its additional effects, the form of release of the drug, the duration of treatment. Special conditions of a woman (pregnancy, lactation, etc. ) must be taken into account.

Contents

Sertaconazole

Fluconazole

clotrimazole

Nystatin

Natamycin

Povidone-iodine

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Zalain® Suppositories

Sertaconazole-based Zalain ^® preparations can be called a universal remedy for the treatment of thrush, because they:

• have a wide spectrum of action against fungal cells and a number of other vaginal pathogens
• active against both Candida albicans and non-albicans
• have a triple effect on Candida fungi cells (fungistatic, fungicidal, prevents the transition of the inactive form of the fungus into pathogenic)
• preparations Zalain ^® are easy to use (the course of treatment with suppositories is only 1 day)
• remain active during menstruation
• use of drugs in women during pregnancy and lactation is acceptable if the potential benefit to the mother outweighs the possible risk to the fetus or child

Only 1 suppository per course

Local effect of the drug

Absorption of sertaconazole into the bloodstream does not occur ¹³

Can be used during pregnancy and lactation*

*as prescribed by a doctor if the benefits outweigh the risks

Where to buy Zalain® Suppositories

Instruction

Prevention of thrush

In recent years, there has been an increase in recurrent (repeating) forms of thrush and the development of fungal resistance to antifungal drugs. In this regard, great attention is paid to the prevention of the occurrence of vulvovaginal candidiasis ²⁰ .

Fungi that cause various diseases in humans (including vulvovaginal candidiasis), acquire aggressive properties and actively multiply in conditions associated with the use of antibiotics, violation of microflora and non-compliance with the rules of intimate hygiene. Therefore, it is important to follow the basic recommendations, following which you can successfully prevent thrush:

Avoid casual sex

Use a barrier method of protection during sexual intercourse (condoms)

Give up panty liners, synthetic underwear

Follow daily rules of intimate hygiene

Get a preventive examination by a gynecologist once a year

Give up bad habits

hygiene. When choosing these products, it is important to pay attention to the composition, which should not contain aggressive chemicals, alcohol, alkali, dyes.

For example, the cosmetic Zalagel ^® Intim contains tea tree oil, which has antibacterial, anti-inflammatory properties, helps to soothe itching and burning. And thanks to betaine, the gel prevents dryness of the intimate area, maintaining the physiological balance of the skin and external mucous membranes. Zalagel ^® Intim is recommended to be used once a day for regular intimate hygiene of the vulva or twice a day, morning and evening, in case of irritation or discomfort in the vulva ²¹ .

Frequently Asked Questions

Is there a difference in the effectiveness of different forms of drugs for the treatment of thrush?

Answer: Efficiency depends on the active substance and the sensitivity of pathogens to it.

Can tablets and suppositories be used at the same time to treat thrush?

Answer: The question of the treatment regimen is decided by a specialist, so be sure to seek specialized advice. When using vaginal suppositories Zalain ^® it is possible to use other agents on the recommendation of a specialist. For complete information about Zalain ^® Suppositories, see the instructions for the drug.

Do I need to re-examine after a course of treatment for thrush?

Answer: Cure in the case of thrush is established when the symptoms of the disease have completely stopped, and a high amount (more than 10 ⁴ CFU) of fungi of the genus Candida. Therefore, to confirm the cure of the disease, a repeated clinical and laboratory examination is necessary (usually prescribed 10-14 days after treatment).

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