What are the symptoms of male yeast infections. How are penile yeast infections treated. What causes yeast infections in men. How can males prevent yeast infections. Are there complications from untreated male yeast infections. What are the risk factors for penile yeast infections. How are male yeast infections diagnosed.

Understanding Male Yeast Infections: Causes and Risk Factors

Male yeast infections, though less commonly discussed than their female counterparts, are a significant health concern affecting many men. These infections are typically caused by an overgrowth of Candida, a type of fungus naturally present in small amounts on the body. When the balance of microorganisms on the skin is disrupted, Candida can proliferate, leading to an infection.

Several factors can increase the risk of developing a penile yeast infection:

• Poor personal hygiene
• Weakened immune system
• Prolonged antibiotic use
• Wearing wet clothing or tight-fitting underwear
• Using irritating skin products or soaps
• Diabetes
• Using lubricated condoms
• Being uncircumcised
• Obesity

Is sexual activity a risk factor for male yeast infections? While having sex with a partner who has a vaginal yeast infection can transmit the infection, it’s important to note that yeast infections are not considered sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Men can develop yeast infections without sexual contact.

Recognizing the Symptoms of Male Yeast Infections

Identifying the symptoms of a male yeast infection is crucial for timely treatment. Common signs include:

• Redness, soreness, or swelling of the penis
• White, shiny patches on the penis
• Small red spots on the penis
• Cracked foreskin
• Thick, white discharge under the foreskin or in skin folds
• Difficulty retracting the foreskin
• Itchiness
• Burning sensation during urination
• Pain or discomfort during sexual activity

Can these symptoms indicate other conditions? Yes, it’s important to note that these symptoms can also be signs of more serious conditions, including sexually transmitted infections. Therefore, it’s crucial to seek medical attention if you experience any of these symptoms rather than attempting self-diagnosis.

Diagnosis of Male Yeast Infections: What to Expect

Diagnosing a male yeast infection typically involves a physical examination and possibly a laboratory test. Here’s what you can expect during the diagnostic process:

1. Medical history review: Your doctor will ask about your symptoms and any potential risk factors.
2. Physical examination: The doctor will examine your genitals for signs of infection.
3. Microscopic examination: In some cases, a sample of the white substance on the penis may be examined under a microscope to confirm the presence of Candida.

How long does it take to diagnose a male yeast infection? In most cases, a diagnosis can be made during a single appointment. However, if laboratory tests are required, it may take a few days to receive definitive results.

Treatment Options for Male Yeast Infections

Treating male yeast infections typically involves antifungal medications. The choice of treatment depends on the severity of the infection:

Over-the-Counter (OTC) Treatments

For mild to moderate infections, OTC antifungal creams are often effective. Common options include:

• Miconazole (Lotrimin AF, Cruex, Desenex, Ting Antifungal)
• Imidazole (Canesten, Selezen)
• Clotrimazole (Lotrimin AF, Anti-Fungal, Cruex, Desenex)

Prescription Treatments

For more severe or persistent infections, prescription-strength medications may be necessary:

• Oral fluconazole (Diflucan)
• Hydrocortisone cream

How long does it take for a male yeast infection to clear up? With proper treatment, most yeast infections clear up within a week to two weeks. However, more severe infections may require longer treatment periods.

Preventing Male Yeast Infections: Practical Tips

Prevention is key when it comes to male yeast infections. Here are some practical steps you can take to reduce your risk:

• Practice good hygiene: Regularly clean your genital area with mild soap and water.
• Stay dry: Thoroughly dry your genital area after bathing or swimming.
• Wear breathable underwear: Choose cotton underwear and avoid tight-fitting clothes.
• Avoid irritating products: Use gentle, unscented soaps and avoid douching.
• Manage underlying conditions: If you have diabetes, maintain good blood sugar control.
• Use protection: If your partner has a yeast infection, use condoms during sexual activity.

Are there dietary changes that can help prevent yeast infections? While research is limited, some studies suggest that probiotics and reducing sugar intake may help prevent yeast overgrowth.

Complications of Untreated Male Yeast Infections

Leaving a male yeast infection untreated can lead to serious complications. Potential consequences include:

• Balanitis: Inflammation of the head of the penis and foreskin
• Invasive candidiasis: A rare but serious condition where the infection spreads to the bloodstream
• Increased risk of HIV transmission: Yeast infections can create small tears in the skin, potentially increasing HIV risk

Can a male yeast infection resolve on its own? While mild infections may occasionally clear up without treatment, it’s not recommended to leave a yeast infection untreated due to the risk of complications.

Recurrent Male Yeast Infections: Causes and Management

Some men experience recurring yeast infections. This can be due to various factors:

• Underlying medical conditions, such as diabetes or HIV
• Genetic predisposition
• Frequent antibiotic use
• Persistent environmental factors (e.g., tight clothing, excessive moisture)

Management of recurrent infections may involve:

1. Extended antifungal treatment: Your doctor may prescribe several weeks of daily treatments followed by months of weekly treatments.
2. Lifestyle modifications: Addressing potential contributing factors like clothing choices or hygiene practices.
3. Consideration of circumcision: For uncircumcised men with persistent infections, adult circumcision may be recommended.

How often is circumcision recommended for recurrent yeast infections? Circumcision is typically considered only after other treatment options have been exhausted and infections continue to recur.

The Link Between Male Yeast Infections and Other Health Conditions

Male yeast infections can sometimes be indicative of other health issues. Understanding these connections can help in managing overall health:

Diabetes and Yeast Infections

Men with diabetes are at higher risk of developing yeast infections due to elevated blood sugar levels, which can promote yeast growth. Proper diabetes management is crucial in preventing recurrent infections.

Immune System and Yeast Infections

A weakened immune system, whether due to conditions like HIV or medications like corticosteroids, can increase susceptibility to yeast infections. In these cases, addressing the underlying immune issue is essential for long-term management.

Obesity and Yeast Infections

Excess body weight can create skin folds where moisture and heat accumulate, providing an ideal environment for yeast growth. Weight management can be an important part of preventing recurrent infections in some cases.

Can addressing these underlying conditions prevent future yeast infections? While not guaranteed, managing conditions like diabetes, immune disorders, and obesity can significantly reduce the risk of recurrent yeast infections.

In conclusion, male yeast infections, while often overlooked, are a significant health concern that can affect men’s quality of life. Understanding the causes, symptoms, and treatment options is crucial for timely intervention and prevention of complications. By practicing good hygiene, making lifestyle adjustments, and seeking prompt medical attention when symptoms arise, men can effectively manage and prevent yeast infections. Remember, while yeast infections are common and typically treatable, they should not be ignored, as they can sometimes indicate underlying health issues that require attention.

Male Yeast Infection: Symptoms, Treatment, and More

Penile yeast infections can create a range of uncomfortable symptoms, but are often treated quickly by OTC medications, and can be reduced by taking certain steps, such as practicing proper hygiene.

A yeast infection is often thought of as a female health problem, but it can affect anyone, including people with a penis.

A penile yeast infection can lead to a wide range of painful and uncomfortable symptoms if not treated. It can also lead to serious complications if the infection spreads to your bloodstream.

Over-the-counter (OTC) medications can often clear up a yeast infection, and some basic prevention steps can help you avoid this fairly common condition.

Some of the most common symptoms of a penile yeast infection include:

• redness, soreness, or swelling of the penis
• white, shiny patches at the top of the penis
• small red spots at the top of the penis
• cracked foreskin
• thick, white discharge under the foreskin or other folds of skin
• difficulty pulling back the foreskin
• itchiness
• burning sensation during urination
• pain or discomfort during sex

Redness, itchiness, and pain in the penis can be signs of other more serious conditions, like some sexually transmitted infections (STIs), so do not ignore symptoms once they appear.

A urologist or primary care doctor can diagnose the condition, often in a single appointment.

A yeast infection is usually caused by a fungus called candida. A small amount of candida is usually present in the body. All it takes is an overgrowth of candida to develop a yeast infection.

A moist environment is ideal for candida to spread, according to 2018 research.

Having sex with a person who has a vaginal yeast infection without using a condom can also cause a penile yeast infection. However, you can also develop an infection without sexual activity.

Aside from sex with a partner who has a yeast infection, several other risk factors can increase your odds of developing a penile yeast infection, such as:

• not cleaning your genitals or bathing regularly
• having a weakened immune function due to certain medications or health conditions
• using antibiotics long term
• wearing wet clothing or tight-fitting underwear
• using skin products or soaps that cause skin irritation
• having diabetes
• using lubricated condoms
• being uncircumcised
• having obesity

Once you make an appointment, a doctor will ask you about your symptoms and likely examine your genitals. Some of the white substance that forms on the penis may be examined under a microscope to confirm the type of fungus causing the symptoms, according to 2022 research.

If you cannot get in to see a doctor or a urologist, consider a visit to an urgent care center or the emergency room. The earlier the problem is diagnosed and treatment begins, the more likely it is you can avoid complications.

It’s not recommended for a person to diagnose themselves and start treatment on their own. If symptoms of a yeast infection are present, contact a doctor. If symptoms are allowed to persist, complications can become very uncomfortable.

In most cases, topical antifungal ointments and creams are enough to clear up an infection. Some of the antifungal creams recommended for a yeast infection include:

• miconazole (Lotrimin AF, Cruex, Desenex, Ting Antifungal)
• imidazole (Canesten, Selezen)
• clotrimazole (Lotrimin AF, Anti-Fungal, Cruex, Desenex, Lotrimin AF Ringworm)

Most of these are available as OTC medications, which means you will not need a prescription. More serious or long-term infections may require prescription-strength medication.

Oral fluconazole (Diflucan) and hydrocortisone cream may be advised in serious infections, like those that have developed into a potentially serious condition called balanitis.

Most antifungal creams are well tolerated and unlikely to cause any serious side effects. Check the label, however, and ask a doctor and pharmacist what to look out for in case you have a bad reaction.

Recurrent yeast infections

Yeast infections sometimes return after they seem to have been cured. If this happens, your doctor will likely recommend a few weeks of daily treatments followed by a few months of weekly treatments.

In some cases, treatment for recurrent yeast infections can last up to 6 months.

If your infection does not respond well to an antifungal ointment and you are uncircumcised, you may be advised to have an adult male circumcision, according to 2016 research. Though this surgical procedure is usually done on infants, it can be done safely on people of any age.

Diabetes and yeast infections

Factors like diabetes and a suppressed immune system may contribute to your yeast infection risk, according to 2019 research.

If you have diabetes, work with a healthcare professional to make sure your blood sugar levels are well-managed. If you have a suppressed immune system, a doctor can recommend ways to help keep your immune system as healthy as possible.

If left untreated, a penile yeast infection can lead to some serious complications.

Balanitis

One of the potential complications of a penile yeast infection is balanitis. Balanitis is an inflammation of the foreskin or head of the penis. Diabetes can increase your risk for balanitis.

If balanitis is not treated effectively, scarring of the foreskin can occur. It can also cause adhesions on the penis.

Balanitis can be painful and make urinating more difficult. If untreated, it can cause swollen and painful glands as well as weakness and fatigue.

Invasive candidiasis

A yeast infection may enter the bloodstream. This is known as candidemia or invasive candidiasis.

This is most common in people who wait to receive treatment until the infection has spread beyond the penis. It is also more common in those with weakened immune systems.

If you’ve been in a hospital and used a catheter to urinate, you may be more likely to face invasive candidiasis. This advanced form of yeast infection is very serious.

Oral antifungal medications may be needed for several weeks. In some cases, the drugs are administered intravenously.

If your infection is treated early and responds well to antifungal medication, it can clear up within 7 to 14 days.

If you are sexually active, your partner should also be treated for a yeast infection to avoid passing the infection on to them, or back to you.

If you get repeated yeast infections and can rule out causes like hygiene and sexual contact, talk with a doctor about other possible causes. You may have an underlying health condition, such as diabetes.

You can help prevent a penile yeast infection by avoiding sexual contact with a partner who has a yeast infection.

You should also avoid having sex with anyone while you have an active yeast infection, as you could pass the infection back to your partner. This could cause the two of you to pass an infection back and forth.

To lower the risk of getting a yeast infection or passing one along, do the following:

• Wear an external condom each time you have sex to help reduce your chances of developing a yeast infection.
• Practice good hygiene, and keep your penis and genitals clean and dry.
• If you are uncircumcised, clean under the foreskin with soap and water, and return your foreskin to its usual position after you have sexual intercourse.

Penile yeast infections are not as common as vaginal yeast infections, but they do occur. They may result from poor hygiene or sex with a partner who has a vaginal yeast infection without using an external condom.

Symptoms include small white patches and redness on the skin as well as itchiness or burning. If left untreated, it can also cause other conditions and complications.

Topical antifungal ointments and creams can typically treat the infection and reduce the risk of long-term complications.

Male Yeast Infection: Symptoms, Treatment, and More

Penile yeast infections can create a range of uncomfortable symptoms, but are often treated quickly by OTC medications, and can be reduced by taking certain steps, such as practicing proper hygiene.

A yeast infection is often thought of as a female health problem, but it can affect anyone, including people with a penis.

A penile yeast infection can lead to a wide range of painful and uncomfortable symptoms if not treated. It can also lead to serious complications if the infection spreads to your bloodstream.

Over-the-counter (OTC) medications can often clear up a yeast infection, and some basic prevention steps can help you avoid this fairly common condition.

Some of the most common symptoms of a penile yeast infection include:

• redness, soreness, or swelling of the penis
• white, shiny patches at the top of the penis
• small red spots at the top of the penis
• cracked foreskin
• thick, white discharge under the foreskin or other folds of skin
• difficulty pulling back the foreskin
• itchiness
• burning sensation during urination
• pain or discomfort during sex

Redness, itchiness, and pain in the penis can be signs of other more serious conditions, like some sexually transmitted infections (STIs), so do not ignore symptoms once they appear.

A urologist or primary care doctor can diagnose the condition, often in a single appointment.

A yeast infection is usually caused by a fungus called candida. A small amount of candida is usually present in the body. All it takes is an overgrowth of candida to develop a yeast infection.

A moist environment is ideal for candida to spread, according to 2018 research.

Having sex with a person who has a vaginal yeast infection without using a condom can also cause a penile yeast infection. However, you can also develop an infection without sexual activity.

Aside from sex with a partner who has a yeast infection, several other risk factors can increase your odds of developing a penile yeast infection, such as:

• not cleaning your genitals or bathing regularly
• having a weakened immune function due to certain medications or health conditions
• using antibiotics long term
• wearing wet clothing or tight-fitting underwear
• using skin products or soaps that cause skin irritation
• having diabetes
• using lubricated condoms
• being uncircumcised
• having obesity

Once you make an appointment, a doctor will ask you about your symptoms and likely examine your genitals. Some of the white substance that forms on the penis may be examined under a microscope to confirm the type of fungus causing the symptoms, according to 2022 research.

If you cannot get in to see a doctor or a urologist, consider a visit to an urgent care center or the emergency room. The earlier the problem is diagnosed and treatment begins, the more likely it is you can avoid complications.

It’s not recommended for a person to diagnose themselves and start treatment on their own. If symptoms of a yeast infection are present, contact a doctor. If symptoms are allowed to persist, complications can become very uncomfortable.

In most cases, topical antifungal ointments and creams are enough to clear up an infection. Some of the antifungal creams recommended for a yeast infection include:

• miconazole (Lotrimin AF, Cruex, Desenex, Ting Antifungal)
• imidazole (Canesten, Selezen)
• clotrimazole (Lotrimin AF, Anti-Fungal, Cruex, Desenex, Lotrimin AF Ringworm)

Most of these are available as OTC medications, which means you will not need a prescription. More serious or long-term infections may require prescription-strength medication.

Oral fluconazole (Diflucan) and hydrocortisone cream may be advised in serious infections, like those that have developed into a potentially serious condition called balanitis.

Most antifungal creams are well tolerated and unlikely to cause any serious side effects. Check the label, however, and ask a doctor and pharmacist what to look out for in case you have a bad reaction.

Recurrent yeast infections

Yeast infections sometimes return after they seem to have been cured. If this happens, your doctor will likely recommend a few weeks of daily treatments followed by a few months of weekly treatments.

In some cases, treatment for recurrent yeast infections can last up to 6 months.

If your infection does not respond well to an antifungal ointment and you are uncircumcised, you may be advised to have an adult male circumcision, according to 2016 research. Though this surgical procedure is usually done on infants, it can be done safely on people of any age.

Diabetes and yeast infections

Factors like diabetes and a suppressed immune system may contribute to your yeast infection risk, according to 2019 research.

If you have diabetes, work with a healthcare professional to make sure your blood sugar levels are well-managed. If you have a suppressed immune system, a doctor can recommend ways to help keep your immune system as healthy as possible.

If left untreated, a penile yeast infection can lead to some serious complications.

Balanitis

One of the potential complications of a penile yeast infection is balanitis. Balanitis is an inflammation of the foreskin or head of the penis. Diabetes can increase your risk for balanitis.

If balanitis is not treated effectively, scarring of the foreskin can occur. It can also cause adhesions on the penis.

Balanitis can be painful and make urinating more difficult. If untreated, it can cause swollen and painful glands as well as weakness and fatigue.

Invasive candidiasis

A yeast infection may enter the bloodstream. This is known as candidemia or invasive candidiasis.

This is most common in people who wait to receive treatment until the infection has spread beyond the penis. It is also more common in those with weakened immune systems.

If you’ve been in a hospital and used a catheter to urinate, you may be more likely to face invasive candidiasis. This advanced form of yeast infection is very serious.

Oral antifungal medications may be needed for several weeks. In some cases, the drugs are administered intravenously.

If your infection is treated early and responds well to antifungal medication, it can clear up within 7 to 14 days.

If you are sexually active, your partner should also be treated for a yeast infection to avoid passing the infection on to them, or back to you.

If you get repeated yeast infections and can rule out causes like hygiene and sexual contact, talk with a doctor about other possible causes. You may have an underlying health condition, such as diabetes.

You can help prevent a penile yeast infection by avoiding sexual contact with a partner who has a yeast infection.

You should also avoid having sex with anyone while you have an active yeast infection, as you could pass the infection back to your partner. This could cause the two of you to pass an infection back and forth.

To lower the risk of getting a yeast infection or passing one along, do the following:

• Wear an external condom each time you have sex to help reduce your chances of developing a yeast infection.
• Practice good hygiene, and keep your penis and genitals clean and dry.
• If you are uncircumcised, clean under the foreskin with soap and water, and return your foreskin to its usual position after you have sexual intercourse.

Penile yeast infections are not as common as vaginal yeast infections, but they do occur. They may result from poor hygiene or sex with a partner who has a vaginal yeast infection without using an external condom.

Symptoms include small white patches and redness on the skin as well as itchiness or burning. If left untreated, it can also cause other conditions and complications.

Topical antifungal ointments and creams can typically treat the infection and reduce the risk of long-term complications.

Inexpensive and effective tablets for thrush for men and women

THERE ARE CONTRAINDICATIONS. POSSIBLE SIDE EFFECTS. A SPECIALIST’S CONSULTATION IS REQUIRED. Thrush

Author of the article

Khokhrina Kristina Sergeevna, pharmacist

All authors

Content of the article

• For women 9 0014
• For men
• Ask an expert on the topic of the article

Antibiotics, hormones, immunosuppressants help in the treatment of serious diseases. But with irrational or prolonged use, they can be harmful. They disrupt the composition of the intestinal microflora, weaken the immune system, and then mushrooms enter the “scene”. The most common fungal infection is candidiasis, which is caused by yeast-like fungi Candida . In a small amount, they are present in the human body, but when the immune system is weakened, they begin to multiply actively. For example, Candida albicans in 95% of cases is the cause of thrush in women.

Pharmacist Kristina Khokhrina talks about pills that are used to treat candidiasis in men and women.

For women

Thrush or vulvovaginal candidiasis is an inflammation of the mucous membrane of the genital tract caused by a fungus of the genus Candida . The “folk” name of the disease comes from the manifestation of the disease in the form of white curdled discharge. Another characteristic symptom of candidiasis is severe itching and burning in the vulva and vagina. Thrush does not go away on its own; effective and inexpensive drugs in dosage forms have been developed for its treatment:

• oral tablets: Fluconazole, Itraconazole
• topical antimycotics: vaginal suppositories, creams, tablets: Clotrimazole, Pimafucin, Zalain

Oral thrush tablets have advantages and disadvantages over topical medication.

Pros :

• high efficiency
• work in all lesions that can cause a recurrence of the disease, but are not amenable to topical agents
• they can be taken during menstruation
• comfort and ease of reception

Cons :

• serious side effects
• interaction with other drugs in the body

We list drugs in the form of tablets and capsules that are prescribed for the treatment of thrush:

• Diflucan, Fluconazole, Flucostat – the active substance is fluconazole
• Irunin, Orungal, Rumikoz – active substance itraconazole
• Pimafucin, Ecofucin – active ingredient natamycin
• Medicine with fluconazole is considered by doctors as the drug of choice for thrush. It is most active against Candida and well tolerated. In acute candidiasis, a single dose of 150 mg of fluconazole is sufficient to cure.

All products Pimafucin

20 reviews

All products Diflucan

20 reviews

All products Irunin

25 reviews

All products Fluconazole

21 reviews

For men

Candide oz or thrush in men is rare. Signs of the disease: redness, white coating on the glans penis, accumulations of a curdled appearance under the foreskin, severe itching and burning during urination.

Drugs for the treatment of candidiasis in men are practically the same as those used in women. Of course, with the exception of vaginal suppositories and tablets. Patients are prescribed external antifungal drugs – solutions, creams and ointments. If necessary, the treatment is supplemented with oral tablets.

Tablets help to quickly cure thrush, but may have a negative effect on the body. They can only be used as directed by a doctor.

Disease is easier to prevent than to cure. To prevent candidiasis, you need to strengthen the immune system, maintain the intestinal microflora, avoid stress and self-treatment, follow the rules of personal hygiene, be attentive to your health and the health of your sexual partner.

Ask an expert about the topic of the article

Still have questions? Ask them in the comments below and our experts will answer you. There you can also share your experience with other readers of Megasovets.

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Remedies for thrush: pills, suppositories, ointments

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Encyclopedia

Diseases of the intimate zone

Vulvovaginal candidiasis (or “thrush”) is an infectious lesion accompanied by inflammation of the vaginal mucosa, which is caused by fungi of the genus Candida.

The author of the article

Molchanov Oleg Leonidovich

Gynecologist, reproductive specialist, doctor of medical sciences.

Thrush

When “thrush” characteristic symptoms are observed:

Pain during sexual intercourse and urination is possible organisms and are present in small quantities on the mucous membranes and skin of humans ^{1. 2} . However, under certain unfavorable conditions, yeast-like fungi begin to actively multiply and lead to disease.

Risk factors for the development of thrush:

The presence of chronic diseases and immunodeficiency conditions (HIV infection, diabetes mellitus, etc.)

Chronic stress and emotional overstrain

Irregular and / or unbalanced diet 900 05

Pregnancy

Frequent use of antibiotics, glucocorticosteroids, active hormonal contraception

Alcohol and smoking abuse

How is thrush treated?

Antifungal agents are used to treat thrush. These funds are systemic (tablets taken by mouth), as well as local – are produced in the form of vaginal tablets, suppositories, solutions and creams. The choice of drugs is based on various parameters: the severity of inflammation, the sensitivity of Candida fungi to a particular drug, the state of the woman’s immune system and the presence of concomitant diseases, as well as the convenience and ease of use ² .

How to treat thrush? Watch in a short video Professor, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Evgenia Valerievna Shikh

Classification of drugs for “thrush”

Antifungal agents differ in chemical structure, on the basis of which they are divided into several classes of drugs that differ in the mechanism of action and a number of effects:

• Drugs of the azole group
• Combinations
• Other antifungals

Antifungal drugs of various groups used to treat thrush

Sertaconazole (original Zalain®)

Characteristics

The unique structure of the sertaconazole molecule includes imidazole and benzothiophene derivatives, which enhance each other’s actions, thereby having an antifungal effect with a vengeance ²⁵ .

What is the difference between sertaconazole for the treatment of thrush? Watch in a short video of the professor, doctor of medical sciences, Shikh Evgenia Valerievna.

Features of action

Sertaconazole, being a member of the azole class, has a special chemical structure that combines an imidazole ring and benzothiophene. The imidazole ring is “responsible” for the disruption of the normal functioning of the cell membrane of the fungus, due to which its growth stops and the ability to reproduce is blocked. Benzothiophene is directly integrated into the cell wall, after which the death of the fungal cell occurs. Thus, preparations based on sertaconazole have both fungistatic (stop the growth and reproduction of the fungus) and fungicidal (contribute to its death) effect ¹² . The third type of action against fungi of the genus Candida by sertaconazole is its ability to prevent the transition of a fungal cell from a saprophytic (inactive) form to a potentially invasive or active one (capable of incorporating into mucosal cells and causing inflammation) ¹³ .

Thus, sertaconazole has a unique triple mechanism of action against fungi of the genus Candida.

A number of studies have demonstrated a high sensitivity of fungi to sertaconazole compared to other azole antifungals ^13.14 . One explanation for this is that sertaconazole is a more modern drug from the azole group, which may be associated with fewer cases of resistance or addiction of fungi to this therapy. Sertaconazole has a broad spectrum of activity against pathogenic fungi (Candida albicans, C. Tropicalis, C. Spp., Pityrosporum orbiculare), dermatophytes (Trichophyton and Microsporum) ¹⁴ .

The drug has an antibacterial effect against streptococci and staphylococci ²² , relieves itching ²⁴ and inflammation ²³ .

Dosage and administration regimen

Zalain ^® is presented on the basis of sertaconazole in 2 forms:

• Cream Zalain ^® for external use

For vaginal use of Zalain suppositories ^®

For the treatment of thrush: single administration of 1 Zalain suppository ^® into the vagina. A high concentration of sertaconosal, active ingredient Zalain ^® suppositories, persists for 7 days. Such a long-term effect is ensured due to the property of lipophilicity – the ability of sertaconazole to dissolve in lipid (fat) cell structures. If symptoms persist, it is recommended to re-insert another 1 suppository into the vagina after 7 days ¹⁵ .

Cream Zalain ^® for external use

For the treatment of thrush: Zalain ^® cream is used for lesions of the external genital organs to reduce the severity of itching, burning and other discomfort in the area of ​​the labia majora and minor.

It is recommended to apply to the affected areas of the skin 2 times a day. The duration of treatment is 4 weeks.

Fluconazole

Characteristics

Triazole antifungal (azole class)

Features of action

Like many other antifungal agents, fluconazole acts on the cell wall of the fungal cell. Basically, it delays or blocks the action of certain enzymes (special protein substances) that are necessary for the normal functioning of the outer membrane of the fungal cell, and when it is destroyed, the death of the fungus itself occurs (fungicidal effect) ³ .

Preparations containing fluconazole are available in capsule form and are used to treat various types of fungal infections, since this substance penetrates into all body fluids in the body (including vaginal secretions).

Dosing and administration regimen

Fluconazole capsules are used in various dosages for the treatment of certain types of fungal infections. For example, with widespread fungal infections (generalized candidiasis), the dose of the substance should be 400 mg per day, and for the treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis, 150 mg of fluconazole is used once ⁴ . The duration of treatment with drugs with fluconazole depends on the type of fungal disease and is determined individually.

For the treatment of thrush: Fluconazole 150 mg is taken as a single oral dose.
Fluconazole is not recommended for use during pregnancy and while breastfeeding. Preparations with fluconazole can be used to prevent recurring episodes of vulvovaginal candidiasis ² , but the formation of fungal resistance to exposure to this substance should be taken into account ⁵ .

Ketoconazole

Feature

Antifungal agent of the imidazole series (azole class)

Features of action

Ketoconazole has activity against yeast fungi and dermatophytes6. The mechanism of its action is associated with the inhibition of fungal cell division, as well as disruption of their vital activity by affecting cell permeability, which can cause the death of the fungus (fungistatic + fungicidal effect) ⁷ .

Dosage and administration regimen

Preparations based on ketoconazole are available in the form of tablets (for the treatment of fungal infections of internal organs and other localizations, as well as for common forms of mycoses), shampoos (for the treatment of fungal infections of the scalp), ointments (for the external treatment of mycoses of the skin, nails), vaginal suppositories (for the treatment of thrush in women).

The dosage of ketoconazole depends on the location of the lesion, the severity of the disease, the age, body weight of the person and comorbidities. Ketoconazole is not used during pregnancy and lactation. Tablets for adults are recommended in a daily dose of at least 200 mg and not more than 400 mg. The ointment is applied to the affected areas in a thin layer once a day ⁴ .

Clotrimazole

Characteristics

Antifungal drug – a synthetic derivative of imidazole (a class of azoles).

Features of action

It affects the enzymatic activity of cell membranes, stopping the division of fungal cells (fungistatic effect). May be fungicidal in high concentrations ¹⁰ .

Dosage and administration regimen

Preparations with clotrimazole for external use are available in the form of ointments, creams and solutions, vaginal tablets. Ointment and cream with clotrimazole are applied to the affected areas 2-3 times a day, the duration of treatment is determined in a particular case, but is at least 1 week (average 2-3 weeks) ⁴ .

For the treatment of thrush: prescribe 1 suppository 200 mg at night for 3 days or 1 suppository 100 mg for 6 days. The literature describes cases of insensitivity of fungi to therapy with clotrimazole ¹¹ .

Nystatin

Characteristics

Antifungal drug from the group of polyene antibiotics. Substances from this group are produced by special microorganisms of the genus Streptomyces.

Features of action

Nystatin disrupts the vital activity of fungal cells, stops their growth and reproduction (fungistatic effect).

Widely used to treat certain types of fungal infections, in particular vulvovaginal candidiasis (including during pregnancy) caused by fungi of the genus Candida, as well as fungal infections of the skin and internal organs ² .

Nystatin is poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, resulting in poorer efficacy in preventing fungal infection compared to, for example, the azole group of drugs ¹⁶ .

Dosage and administration regimen

Tablets with nystatin are prescribed for candidiasis of internal organs, 500,000 IU 4-8 times a day. Ointment with nystatin is prescribed in the form of applications to the areas of the skin affected by the fungus 2 times a day. Rectal suppositories are used in the same mode for the treatment of candidiasis of the lower intestines ⁴ .

For the treatment of thrush: Vaginal suppositories with nystatin are used 2 times a day to treat vaginal candidiasis. The course of treatment with any kind of drugs with nystain should not be shorter than 7 days, even if the condition improved before ¹⁷ .

Natamycin

Characteristics

Another antifungal drug from the group of polyene antibiotics.

Features of action

It disrupts the transport processes of fungal cells, depriving them of all energy substrates. As a result, the fungus cell loses the ability to reproduce, and then its death occurs (fungicidal effect) ¹⁸ .

Used for the treatment and prevention of fungal infections of the skin and mucous membranes, including the treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis. Mushrooms practically do not develop resistance (insensitivity) to its action ¹⁸ .

Dosage and administration regimen

Oral forms of preparations with natamycin are used at a dose of 100 mg with a frequency of administration 4 times a day. 2% ointment with natamycin is applied externally, applied to the skin 1-2 times a day ⁴ .

For the treatment of thrush: Vaginal suppositories are used 1-2 times a day to treat vaginal candidiasis. The duration of treatment with natamycin preparations is determined individually, but it is always recommended to continue treatment for a few more days after symptoms have improved.

Povidone-iodine

Description

Local antiseptic preparation. Available in the form of vaginal suppositories.

Features of action

Active iodine, which is released from the active substance povidone-iodine, has a neutralizing effect on the cell wall of fungi, leading to cell death ¹⁹ .

Dosage and administration regimen

In case of candidiasis, 1 suppository is injected into the vagina 1 time per day for 7 days. It is also recommended as a prophylaxis before surgical or diagnostic interventions in the vagina.

For the treatment of thrush: 1 vaginal suppository 200 mg once a day for 7 days.
The drug is not used during pregnancy, breastfeeding and in women who have thyroid disease ⁴ .

Thus, a huge number of antifungal agents are currently used to treat vulvovaginal candidiasis (“thrush”). The choice of the drug depends primarily on the type of fungus that caused the disease (Candida albicans or Candida non-albicans), the presence or absence of a mixed infection (when other pathogenic flora is found along with an increased number of fungi in vaginal smears), as well as on the mechanism of action of the drug and its additional effects, the form of release of the drug, the duration of treatment. Special conditions of a woman (pregnancy, lactation, etc. ) must be taken into account.

Contents

Sertaconazole

Fluconazole

clotrimazole

Nystatin

Natamycin

Povidone-iodine

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Zalain® Suppositories

Sertaconazole-based Zalain ^® preparations can be called a universal remedy for the treatment of thrush, because they:

• have a wide spectrum of action against fungal cells and a number of other vaginal pathogens
• active against both Candida albicans and non-albicans
• have a triple effect on Candida fungi cells (fungistatic, fungicidal, prevents the transition of the inactive form of the fungus into pathogenic)
• preparations Zalain ^® are easy to use (the course of treatment with suppositories is only 1 day)
• remain active during menstruation
• use of drugs in women during pregnancy and lactation is acceptable if the potential benefit to the mother outweighs the possible risk to the fetus or child

Only 1 suppository per course

Local effect of the drug

Absorption of sertaconazole into the bloodstream does not occur ¹³

Can be used during pregnancy and lactation*

*as prescribed by a doctor if the benefits outweigh the risks

Where to buy Zalain® Suppositories

Instruction

Prevention of thrush

In recent years, there has been an increase in recurrent (repeating) forms of thrush and the development of fungal resistance to antifungal drugs. In this regard, great attention is paid to the prevention of the occurrence of vulvovaginal candidiasis ²⁰ .

Fungi that cause various diseases in humans (including vulvovaginal candidiasis), acquire aggressive properties and actively multiply in conditions associated with the use of antibiotics, violation of microflora and non-compliance with the rules of intimate hygiene. Therefore, it is important to follow the basic recommendations, following which you can successfully prevent thrush:

Avoid casual sex

Use a barrier method of protection during sexual intercourse (condoms)

Give up panty liners, synthetic underwear

Follow daily rules of intimate hygiene

Get a preventive examination by a gynecologist once a year

Give up bad habits

hygiene. When choosing these products, it is important to pay attention to the composition, which should not contain aggressive chemicals, alcohol, alkali, dyes.

For example, the cosmetic Zalagel ^® Intim contains tea tree oil, which has antibacterial, anti-inflammatory properties, helps to soothe itching and burning. And thanks to betaine, the gel prevents dryness of the intimate area, maintaining the physiological balance of the skin and external mucous membranes. Zalagel ^® Intim is recommended to be used once a day for regular intimate hygiene of the vulva or twice a day, morning and evening, in case of irritation or discomfort in the vulva ²¹ .

Frequently Asked Questions

Is there a difference in the effectiveness of different forms of drugs for the treatment of thrush?

Answer: Efficiency depends on the active substance and the sensitivity of pathogens to it.

Can tablets and suppositories be used at the same time to treat thrush?

Answer: The question of the treatment regimen is decided by a specialist, so be sure to seek specialized advice. When using vaginal suppositories Zalain ^® it is possible to use other agents on the recommendation of a specialist. For complete information about Zalain ^® Suppositories, see the instructions for the drug.

Do I need to re-examine after a course of treatment for thrush?

Answer: Cure in the case of thrush is established when the symptoms of the disease have completely stopped, and a high amount (more than 10 ⁴ CFU) of fungi of the genus Candida. Therefore, to confirm the cure of the disease, a repeated clinical and laboratory examination is necessary (usually prescribed 10-14 days after treatment).

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