What are the most dangerous side effects of common medications. How can patients recognize and manage these potentially serious adverse reactions. Why do some prescription drugs cause unexpected and severe complications.

The Hidden Dangers of Prescription Medications

Prescription medications are designed to treat various health conditions, but they can sometimes come with unexpected and alarming side effects. While most adverse reactions are mild, some can be severe and even life-threatening. Understanding these potential risks is crucial for patients and healthcare providers alike.

Each year, approximately 4.5 million Americans seek medical attention due to adverse effects from their prescribed medications. These reactions not only impact patients’ health but also contribute to increased healthcare costs through emergency department visits and extended hospital stays.

Hallucinations: When Reality Bends

One of the most unsettling side effects of certain medications is hallucinations. These sensory experiences occur in the absence of external stimuli and can manifest in various forms:

• Visual hallucinations
• Auditory hallucinations
• Olfactory hallucinations
• Tactile hallucinations
• Gustatory hallucinations
• General somatic hallucinations

While hallucinations are commonly associated with conditions like schizophrenia, they can also be triggered by certain prescription drugs. Medications known to potentially cause hallucinations include:

• Psychiatric drugs: olanzapine (Zyprexa), quetiapine (Seroquel), haloperidol (Haldol)
• Sleep aids: zolpidem (Ambien), eszopiclone (Lunesta)
• Anti-anxiety medications: clonazepam (Klonopin), lorazepam (Ativan)
• Parkinson’s disease medication: ropinirole (Requip)
• Some seizure medications
• Certain antibiotics: cephalosporins and sulfa drugs (in rare cases)

Can hallucinations caused by medication be distinguished from those related to mental health conditions. In most cases, drug-induced hallucinations subside when the medication is discontinued or the dosage is adjusted. However, it’s crucial to consult with a healthcare provider before making any changes to prescribed treatments.

Memory Loss: When the Mind Falters

While some degree of forgetfulness is a natural part of aging, certain medications can exacerbate memory problems or even cause temporary amnesia. The most notorious culprits in this category are nonbenzodiazepine sedative hypnotics, including:

• Zolpidem (Ambien)
• Eszopiclone (Lunesta)
• Zaleplon (Sonata)

These sleep aids have been associated with complex behaviors performed during sleep, such as cooking, driving, or engaging in sexual activity, with no recollection upon waking. Other medications that may impact memory function include:

• Benzodiazepines
• Statins
• Certain anticonvulsants
• Opioid painkillers
• Incontinence drugs

How can patients differentiate between age-related memory decline and medication-induced cognitive issues. Medication-related memory problems often have a sudden onset and may improve when the drug is discontinued or the dosage is adjusted. It’s essential to report any noticeable changes in cognitive function to a healthcare provider promptly.

Priapism: A Painful Persistence

Priapism is a rare but potentially serious side effect characterized by a prolonged, painful erection unrelated to sexual stimulation. If left untreated, it can lead to permanent tissue damage and erectile dysfunction. Several medications have been associated with this condition, including:

• Antidepressants: trazodone (Desyrel)
• Antipsychotics: clozapine (Clozaril)
• Antihistamines: hydroxyzine (Atarax)
• Blood pressure medications: prazosin (Minipress)
• Blood thinners: warfarin (Coumadin)
• Testosterone therapy
• Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs): sertraline (Zoloft), fluoxetine (Prozac), paroxetine (Paxil)

What should a patient do if they experience priapism. Seek immediate medical attention if an erection lasts longer than four hours, as prompt treatment is crucial to prevent long-term complications.

Blood Clots: A Silent Threat

While blood clotting is a normal bodily function in response to injury, certain medications can increase the risk of abnormal clot formation. These clots can be dangerous if they break free and travel to vital organs. Medications associated with an elevated risk of blood clots include:

• Oral contraceptives
• Hormone replacement therapy
• Testosterone replacement products

How can patients reduce their risk of medication-induced blood clots. Discuss any personal or family history of clotting disorders with your healthcare provider before starting these medications. Stay active, maintain a healthy weight, and avoid smoking to further reduce risk.

Compulsive Behaviors: When Impulse Control Falters

Some medications, particularly those that affect dopamine levels in the brain, can lead to the development of compulsive behaviors. These uncontrollable urges can significantly impact a person’s life and relationships. Drugs associated with compulsive behaviors include:

• Parkinson’s disease medications: ropinirole (Requip), pramipexole (Mirapex)
• Carbidopa-levodopa (Sinemet)
• Antipsychotic medication: aripiprazole (Abilify)

These medications may trigger intense urges to gamble, engage in excessive sexual activity, spend money compulsively, or binge eat. What signs should patients and their loved ones watch for. Any sudden changes in behavior or the emergence of uncontrollable urges should be reported to a healthcare provider immediately.

Stevens-Johnson Syndrome: A Rare but Severe Reaction

Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS) is a rare but life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction affecting the skin and mucous membranes. It can be triggered by various medications, including:

• Anticonvulsants: lamotrigine (Lamictal)
• Gout medication: allopurinol (Zyloprim)
• Over-the-counter pain relievers: acetaminophen (Tylenol), ibuprofen

SJS is characterized by the rapid spread of large macules that form blisters, leading to skin necrosis and shedding. How quickly does SJS progress. Symptoms can develop within days or weeks of starting a new medication. Prompt medical attention is crucial at the first sign of a widespread rash or mucosal involvement.

Navigating the Complex World of Medication Side Effects

Understanding the potential risks associated with prescription medications is crucial for patient safety. While the side effects discussed here are among the most alarming, it’s important to remember that they are relatively rare. However, being informed and vigilant can make a significant difference in recognizing and addressing adverse reactions promptly.

How can patients minimize their risk of experiencing severe side effects. Consider the following strategies:

1. Maintain open communication with your healthcare provider
2. Read medication labels and package inserts carefully
3. Report any unusual symptoms or changes in your health promptly
4. Keep a list of all medications, including over-the-counter drugs and supplements
5. Never adjust or stop medication without consulting your doctor

Are all side effects reported in clinical trials equally likely to occur in real-world use. Not necessarily. Clinical trials often involve a limited number of participants and may not capture all potential side effects. Post-market surveillance and real-world data continue to provide valuable information about medication safety and rare adverse events.

The Role of Pharmacogenomics in Predicting Side Effects

Advances in genetic testing are opening new avenues for personalized medicine. Pharmacogenomics, the study of how an individual’s genetic makeup influences their response to drugs, holds promise for predicting and preventing adverse reactions. How might this field change the landscape of prescription drug use?

• Tailored dosing based on genetic metabolizer status
• Identification of patients at higher risk for specific side effects
• Development of more targeted and safer medications

As research in this area continues to evolve, it may become possible to significantly reduce the incidence of severe adverse drug reactions through personalized prescribing practices.

The Importance of Post-Market Surveillance

While clinical trials provide essential data on drug safety and efficacy, the true test of a medication’s risk profile often comes after it enters the market. Post-market surveillance plays a crucial role in identifying rare or long-term side effects that may not have been apparent during initial studies. How does this process work?

• Spontaneous reporting systems for adverse events
• Large-scale observational studies
• Analysis of electronic health records and claims data
• Active surveillance programs

This ongoing monitoring helps regulatory agencies and healthcare providers make informed decisions about medication safety and potential label changes or withdrawals when necessary.

Balancing Benefits and Risks in Medication Use

When prescribing medications, healthcare providers must carefully weigh the potential benefits against the risks of adverse effects. This decision-making process involves considering factors such as:

• The severity of the condition being treated
• The patient’s overall health status
• Potential drug interactions
• Available alternative treatments
• The patient’s preferences and values

How can patients actively participate in this decision-making process. By staying informed about their health conditions and treatment options, asking questions, and expressing any concerns to their healthcare providers, patients can play an active role in their medication management.

The Future of Drug Safety: Emerging Technologies and Approaches

As medical science advances, new technologies and approaches are being developed to enhance drug safety and minimize the risk of adverse effects. Some promising areas of research include:

• Artificial intelligence for predicting drug interactions and side effects
• Nanomedicine for targeted drug delivery
• 3D printing of personalized medication dosages
• Real-time monitoring devices for tracking physiological responses to medications

How might these innovations transform the landscape of prescription drug use and safety? As these technologies mature, they have the potential to revolutionize how medications are developed, prescribed, and monitored, potentially leading to safer and more effective treatments for a wide range of conditions.

Educating Patients: A Key Component of Medication Safety

Empowering patients with knowledge about their medications is crucial for promoting safe and effective use. Healthcare providers and pharmacists play a vital role in this education process. What key information should be communicated to patients when prescribing new medications?

• The purpose of the medication and how it works
• Proper dosing instructions and potential consequences of missing doses
• Common and serious side effects to watch for
• Potential interactions with other medications or foods
• Storage requirements and expiration dates
• What to do in case of an adverse reaction

By ensuring that patients have a clear understanding of their medications, healthcare providers can help reduce the risk of adverse events and improve overall treatment outcomes.

The Role of Regulatory Agencies in Ensuring Medication Safety

Regulatory agencies such as the FDA play a crucial role in safeguarding public health by overseeing the approval and ongoing monitoring of prescription medications. How do these agencies work to minimize the risk of severe adverse effects?

• Rigorous review of clinical trial data before drug approval
• Mandating appropriate labeling and package inserts
• Requiring post-marketing studies to gather additional safety data
• Issuing safety communications and alerts to healthcare providers and the public
• Implementing risk evaluation and mitigation strategies (REMS) for certain high-risk medications

These measures help ensure that the benefits of prescription medications continue to outweigh their risks as more information becomes available over time.

Conclusion: Navigating the Complex World of Medication Safety

While prescription medications play a vital role in managing various health conditions, it’s important to remain aware of their potential risks. By staying informed, maintaining open communication with healthcare providers, and promptly reporting any unusual symptoms, patients can help mitigate the risk of experiencing severe adverse effects.

As medical science continues to advance, we can look forward to more personalized and safer approaches to medication use. However, the partnership between patients, healthcare providers, and regulatory agencies remains crucial in ensuring the safe and effective use of prescription drugs.

Remember, the benefits of properly prescribed and monitored medications typically outweigh the risks for most patients. By working closely with your healthcare team and staying vigilant about potential side effects, you can maximize the benefits of your prescribed treatments while minimizing the risk of adverse reactions.

10 Scariest Prescription Drug Side Effects

The following is a list of 10 harmful and potentially deadly side effects of commonly prescribed medications.

Adverse drug reactions are unwanted side effects that have considerable clinical and economic costs, as they can lead to increased emergency department visits and prolonged hospital stays.¹

Each year, an estimated 4.5 million Americans visit a physician’s office or emergency room because of side effects related to their prescription medications. Although it may be hard to pinpoint a reaction to one specific medication, the FDA requires drug manufacturers to list all side effects that have been reported in clinical studies in their product’s labeling.

The following is a list of 10 harmful and potentially deadly side effects of commonly prescribed medications.

1. Hallucinations

Hallucinations occur when sensing something that is not really present. Types of hallucinations include visual, auditory, olfactory, tactile, gustatory, and general somatic.

Hallucinations are a common symptom of schizophrenia, but they can also be caused by excessive alcohol intake, drug abuse, depression, sleep deprivation, dementia, or certain prescription medications.²

A number of psychiatric medications such as olanzapine (Zyprexa), quetiapine (Seroquel), and haloperidol (Haldol) have all been associated with causing hallucinations, in addition to zolpidem (Ambien), eszopiclone (Lunesta), clonazepam (Klonopin), lorazepam (Ativan), ropinirole (Requip), and some seizure medications.³

Finally, cephalosporins and sulfa drugs, which are 2 common classes of antibiotics, have been associated with causing hallucinations in rare cases.

2. Memory Loss

Although memory loss is a natural part of getting older, it may also be a side effect of certain medications.

The most notable medication class that can result in memory loss is the nonbenzodiazepine sedative hyponotics, which include Ambien, Lunesta, and Sonata. These medications can sometimes cause amnesia and trigger potentially dangerous behaviors, such as cooking a meal, having sex, or driving a car with no recollection of the event upon awakening.

Other medications that may result in memory loss include benzodiazepines, statins, certain seizure medications, opioids, and incontinence drugs.

3. Priapism

Priapism is an unwanted, painful, persistent erection that is not caused by sexual stimulation or arousal. If left untreated, tissue damage can occur, resulting in the inability to get or maintain an erection.

Causes of priapism include certain medical conditions, trauma, alcohol use, and prescription medications. Medications reported to cause priapism include trazodone (Desyrel), clozapine (Clozaril), hydroxyzine (Atarax), chlorpromazine (Thorazine), prazosin (Minipress), warfarin (Coumadin), testosterone therapy, and serotonin reuptake inhibitors such as sertraline (Zoloft), fluoxetine (Prozac), and paroxetine (Paxil). ⁴

4. Blood Clots

Blood clots form in the body under many normal circumstances in response to injury. However, some prescription medications have been associated with blood clot formation. If left untreated, blood clots can break away from their original source and travel to other parts of the body, which can sometimes be fatal.

Female oral contraceptives and hormone therapy drugs all carry an increased risk for blood clot formation. Additionally, all testosterone replacement products share the same risk for blood clots.

5. Compulsive Behaviors

Compulsive behavior involves repeatedly performing an act without control, which interferes with an individual’s life.

Requip and pramipexole (Mirapex), which are dopamine agonists indicated for Parkinson’s disease and restless legs syndrome, can cause problems with impulse control or compulsive behaviors.

According to the drugs’ package inserts, “case reports suggest that patients can experience intense urges to gamble, increased sexual urges, intense urges to spend money, binge or compulsive eating, and/or other intense urges, and the inability to control these urges. ”³

Carbidopa-levodopa (Sinemet) shares this same warning.

More recently, the antipsychotic aripiprazole (Abilify) has been linked with compulsive behavior side effects such as compulsive gambling in some patients.

6. Stevens-Johnson Syndrome

Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) is a rare, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction of the skin and mucous membranes. During SJS, large macules rapidly spread and form together, leading to blistering, necrosis, and shedding of the skin.⁵

Lamotrigine (Lamictal) has a relatively high incidence of SJS, especially when initiated at high doses, which led the FDA to require a black box warning on its package labeling to inform consumers of this risk. Other medications that may cause SJS include allopurinol (Zyloprim), acetaminophen (Tylenol), ibuprofen (Motrin), naproxen (Aleve), sulfa drugs, penicillin, barbiturates, and other anticonvulsants.⁶

7. Birth Defects

A birth defect occurs while a baby develops in the mother’s body. An estimated 1 in every 33 babies in the United States is born with a birth defect.⁷

Thalidomide is one of the oldest and well-known teratogenic medications. In 1954, thousands of women took the medication—which was then promoted as a wonder drug for treating insomnia, coughs, colds, and headaches—resulting in the death of approximately 2000 children and serious birth defects in more than 10,000 children.

Known teratogenic prescription medications include warfarin, divalproex (Depakote), Paxil, topiramate (Topamax), methotrexate (Rheumatrex), angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, oral contraceptives, statins, and tetracyclines.

Although the risk for birth defects is highest during the first trimester, women should consult their health care providers about the risk and benefits of all medication use during any stage of pregnancy.

8. Cancer

One of the most surprising instances of a medication related to cancer came when tamoxifen (Nolvadex), which is used to treat breast cancer, was found to increase the risk of uterine cancer. In response, the FDA required the manufacturer to add a black box warning to inform consumers of the risk.

The labeling of type 2 diabetes medication pioglitazone (Actos) includes a warning about an increased risk of bladder cancer, which stemmed from data from an observational study.

All glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists have a black box warning concerning the risk for thyroid C-cell tumors that has been seen in rats and mice. Animal studies have also shown metronidazole (Flagyl) to be carcinogenic.

9. Suicidality

This issue stems back to reports in 1990 that Paxil could lead to suicidality in patients.⁸ Today, all antidepressants have a black box warning in their labeling about the increased risk of suicidal thinking and behavior in children, adolescents, and young adults with major depressive disorder and other psychiatric disorders.

Current clinical evidence on the topic is inconclusive. Some studies have shown that the use of antidepressants correlates with increased risk of suicidal actions, while other studies have not demonstrated any increased risk.

Other medications that may be associated with suicidal thinking and behavior include montelukast (Singulair), isotretinoin (Claravis), varenicline (Chantix), and mefloquine (Lariam).

10. Death

Sudden cardiac death is the largest cause of natural death in the United States, with an estimated 325,000 adult deaths annually.

A number of antipsychotics such as Seroquel, Zyprexa, and risperidone (Risperdal) have been associated with sudden cardiac death, with increased incidence seen in the elderly and those taking other cardiac medications in combination.⁹

Antiarrhythmic agents that list sudden cardiac death within their package inserts include sotalol (Betapace), amiodarone (Cordarone), and procainamide (Procanbid). Lastly, the labeling for morphine and Adderall includes warnings about increased risk of sudden death due to cardiac abnormalities.⁹

References

• Sultana J, Cutroneo P, Trifirò G. Clinical and economic burden of adverse drug reactions. J Pharmacol Pharmacother. 2013 Dec; 4(Suppl1): S73—S77. doi: 10.4103/0976-500X.120957.
• Wade M. Medication-related visual hallucinations: what you need to know. EyeNet Magazine-American Academy of Ophthalmology. March 2015. Accessed January 30, 2016.
• Requip [package insert]. Research Triangle Park, NC: GlaxoSmithKline; 2014.
• Drugs reported to cause priapism. UCSF Medical Center. Accessed January 30, 2016.
• Rehmus W. Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN). Merck Manual. Accessed January 28, 2016.
• List of medications associated with Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidemal necrolysis. Steven Johnson Syndrome Foundation. Accessed January 28, 2016.
• Birth Defects. Medline Plus: U.S. National Library of Medicine. Accessed January 28, 2016.
• Thomas KH, Martin RM, Potokar J, et al. Reporting of drug-induced depression and fatal and non-fatal suicidal behaviour in the UK from 1998 to 2011. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol. 2014 Sep 30;15:54. doi: 10.1186/2050-6511-15-54.
• Sicouri S, Antzelevitch C. Sudden cardiac death secondary to antidepressant and antipsychotic drugs. Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2008 Mar; 7(2): 181—194. doi: 10.1517/14740338.7.2.181.

What Drugs Make You Hallucinate? – Free By the Sea

Hallucinogens are a class of drugs that produce visual and auditory hallucinations. These drugs alter your perception of reality and can cause you to see or hear things that are not actually there.

While some hallucinogens are naturally occurring, such as ayahuasca, others are synthetic, like LSD. As most hallucinogens have no accepted medical use for treatment in the US, they are illegal.

Common street names include:

• Acid
• Blotter
• Cubes
• Fry
• Mind Candy
• Mushrooms or Shrooms
• Special K
• STP
• X
• XTC

Short-Term Effects

The short-term effects of hallucinogens can vary depending on the specific drug, but they typically include:

• Visual hallucinations
• Auditory hallucinations
• Increased heart rate
• Elevated blood pressure
• Agitation or anxiety
• Sweating
• Nausea or vomiting
• Loss of appetite

Long-Term Effects

The long-term effects of hallucinogen use are not well understood. However, there is some evidence to suggest that chronic use may lead to mental health problems such as anxiety, depression, and psychosis. There is also a risk of developing tolerance or dependence on hallucinogens.

Long-term effects of hallucinogens can vary depending on the specific drug, but they typically include:

• Persistent psychosis
• Flashbacks
• Hallucinogen persisting perception disorder (HPPD)

Treatment for hallucinogen addiction typically includes talk therapy and behavioral counseling. Medications may also be used to help manage symptoms of hallucinogen persisting perception disorder (HPPD). If you or someone you know is struggling with a hallucinogen addiction, please seek professional help.

What Drugs Make You Hallucinate?

Psilocybin

Psilocybin is a hallucinogen that is found in certain mushrooms. It can cause visual and auditory hallucinations, as well as changes in perception, mood, and body sensation.

LSD

Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) is a hallucinogen that is derived from ergot, a fungus that grows on rye. It can cause visual and auditory hallucinations – you can also expect changes in perception, mood, and body sensation.

PCP

Phencyclidine (PCP) is a hallucinogen that was originally developed as an anesthetic. It can cause visual and auditory hallucinations, as well as changes in perception, mood, and body sensation.

Ketamine

Ketamine is a hallucinogen that is typically used for the treatment of pain.

DMT

N-Dimethyltryptamine (DMT) can be described as a hallucinogenic tryptamine drug that produces intense visual and auditory hallucinations. It is found in some plants and animals and can be produced synthetically in a laboratory. It is one of the most powerful hallucinogens known to man, and its effects are often compared to those of LSD.

Peyote

Peyote (Lophophora williamsii) is a small cactus that grows in Mexico and the southwestern United States. The hallucinogenic compound mescaline is found in peyote buttons, which are the small, round, fleshy fruits of the cactus.

Peyote has been used by Native Americans for centuries for ceremonial and spiritual purposes. Peyote is a Schedule I controlled substance in the United States, which means it is illegal to possess or use peyote for any purpose.

San Pedro

San Pedro (Echinopsis pachanoi) is a cactus that grows in the Andes Mountains of South America. It contains the hallucinogenic compound mescaline. San Pedro has been used by indigenous people in the Andes region for healing and spiritual purposes for centuries. San Pedro is legal to possess and use in the United States.

Salvia divinorum

Salvia divinorum is a plant that contains the hallucinogenic compound salvinorin A. Salvia divinorum is legal to possess and use in the United States.

Ayahuasca

Ayahuasca is a hallucinogenic brew made from the leaves of the Psychotria Viridis plant, which contains the hallucinogen DMT. The brew is traditionally used by indigenous people in the Amazon region for healing and spiritual purposes.

Ayahuasca has been gaining popularity in recent years, particularly among Westerners who are seeking an alternative to traditional Western medicine. There is a growing body of research on the potential health benefits of ayahuasca, including its ability to treat depression, anxiety, and addiction.

How Long Do Hallucinogens Remain in the Body?

The length of time hallucinogens remains in the body depends on the specific drug. For example, LSD is typically detectable in urine for up to 5 days after last use, while psilocybin is detectable for up to 3 days.

When Do I Know That I Need Hallucinogen Treatment?

If you’re worried that your use of hallucinogens has gotten out of control, consider these questions:

• Am I using hallucinogens more frequently or in larger doses than I intended to?
• Have I been unable to cut back on my use of hallucinogens even though I’ve tried to do so?
• Do I spend a lot of time thinking about using hallucinogens or obtaining them?
• Do I continue to use hallucinogens even though it’s causing problems in my life?
• Do I use hallucinogens in dangerous situations, such as driving while under the influence?
• Have I experienced withdrawal symptoms when I try to stop using hallucinogens?

If you answered yes to any of these questions, you may need hallucinogen addiction treatment.

What is Hallucinogen Addiction Treatment?

There is no specific treatment for hallucinogen addiction, but there are treatments that can help manage the symptoms. Hallucinogens work by disrupting the communication between neurotransmitters and the brain.

This can lead to changes in mood, perception, and behavior. Treatment typically includes cognitive behavioral therapy and medication management. Treatment options for hallucinogens are similar to those for other addictions.

Treatment for hallucinogen addiction typically includes some combination of:

• Individual and group counseling
• 12-step programs, and other support groups
• Medications may also be used to help manage withdrawal symptoms and cravings

If you or someone you know is struggling with hallucinogen addiction, please seek professional help. There are many resources available to those who need them.

Detox

Detoxification is the first step in treatment, and it typically takes place in a hospital or residential treatment facility. During detox, the person will be monitored for any medical complications and withdrawal symptoms. After detox, the person will typically need to participate in an outpatient or inpatient treatment program.

Psychotherapy

Psychotherapy can be a useful tool in hallucinogen addiction treatment. This type of therapy can help the person identify and address the underlying issues that may have led to drug use. It can also help them develop skills to cope with triggers and cravings.

Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is a type of psychotherapy that has been shown to be effective in treating substance abuse disorders. CBT can help the person learn how to identify and avoid triggers, manage cravings, and develop healthy coping mechanisms.

Group therapy is another effective form of treatment for hallucinogen addiction. This type of therapy provides support and camaraderie while also teaching skills for recovery. Group therapy can be helpful in dealing with the shame and isolation that often accompany addiction.

Aftercare

Aftercare for hallucinogens addiction treatment may include 12-step programs, sober living houses, and continuing care groups. These types of support can help the person maintain sobriety and avoid relapse.

How Effective is Hallucinogen Addiction Treatment?

There is limited research on the effectiveness of hallucinogen addiction treatment, but it is thought that a combination of therapy and medication may be helpful.

Are Hallucinogens Addictive?

There is debate whether or not hallucinogens are addictive. Some hallucinogens, such as LSD, are not considered to be addictive because they do not cause compulsive drug-seeking behavior. However, other hallucinogens, such as psilocybin, can cause addiction-like symptoms, such as tolerance and withdrawal.

Hallucinogen Dependence

Hallucinogen dependence can be described as a person’s continued use of hallucinogens despite the negative consequences it causes in their life. Hallucinogen addiction treatment typically includes inpatient and outpatient treatment programs.

Co-Occurring Disorders and Hallucinogen Abuse

People who struggle with hallucinogen addiction often have co-occurring mental health disorders. In fact, according to the National Institute on Drug Abuse, as many as 50-90% of people in substance abuse treatment programs also have a mental illness.

In some cases, hospitalization may be necessary to protect the person from harming themselves or others. Hallucinogens are often used recreationally, but they can be very dangerous.

The most common co-occurring disorders among people with hallucinogen addiction are:

• Anxiety disorders
• Depression
• Post-traumatic stress disorder

How Do Hallucinogens Affect The Brain

Hallucinogens affect the brain by binding to certain receptors and altering the neurotransmitter serotonin. Serotonin is a chemical that transmits signals between nerve cells. It plays a role in mood, perception, and behavior.

Think about how many functions in your brain are controlled by serotonin. Now imagine what would happen if the chemical was altered. That’s what hallucinogens do.

The effects of hallucinogens can be unpredictable. They depend on:

• The type of drug
• The amount taken
• The person’s mood and personality
• Whether other drugs are taken at the same time

Some people who use hallucinogens see or hear things that are not there (hallucinations). Other common effects include:

• The feeling of detachment from self or reality
• Distorted perceptions of time and space
• Heightened senses
• Intense emotions

What is Depersonalization?

Depersonalization is a feeling of disconnection from one’s body and thoughts. This can lead to a sense of floating or observing oneself from outside the body. Depersonalization is a common side effect of hallucinogen use.

• Paranoia
• Anxiety
• Panic

Short-term effects of hallucinogens typically last anywhere from a few hours to several days, depending on the type of drug used. Some hallucinogens, such as LSD, can produce long-lasting changes in mood and perception (known as “flashbacks”) even after just one use.

The Benefits of Hallucinogen Addiction Treatment

There are many benefits to hallucinogen addiction treatment. Treatment can help people to:

• Reduce or stop their use of hallucinogens
• Deal with any underlying mental health issues that may be contributing to their drug use
• Learn new coping and problem-solving skills
• Develop a support network of family and friends who can offer encouragement and understanding

Take a Step into Recovery at Free By The Sea

While there are many drugs that can cause hallucinations, Free By The Sea offers a wide range of other addiction treatment services, including detoxification, therapy, and aftercare planning. These services are vital for those struggling with addiction, as they provide a comprehensive approach to recovery.

Washington has some of the most scenic and beautiful locations in the country. This setting can help to create a sense of peace and calm for those in recovery, providing an ideal environment for healing. If you or someone you know is struggling with substance abuse, contact us today.

References:

https://adf.org.au/drug-facts/psychedelics/

https://nida.nih.gov/publications/drugfacts/hallucinogens

https://recovered.org/hallucinogens

https://drugabusestatistics.org/

Dr. Richard Crabbe

Dr. Richard Crabbe joined our team in 2019 as our psychiatrist and medical director. He attended the University of Ghana Medical School where he became a Medical Doctor in 1977. From 1978 through 1984, he was a medical officer in the Ghana Navy and provided a variety of services from general medicine to surgeries. He received his Certificate in General Psychology from the American Board of Psychology and Neurology in 2002.

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✅ Pharmaceutical drugs: what are they, names

Attention! The material contains information about substances, the use of which can cause serious harm to your health!

Sometimes psychoactive substances can be bought not only from a drug dealer, but also in a regular pharmacy, and sometimes even without a prescription from a doctor. Some medicines are already ready for use, while others serve as the basis for making a narcotic cocktail. What drugs have an intoxicating effect, how dangerous they are and how to recognize a pharmacy addict – more on that below.

Pharmacy addiction

Drug addiction has different origins – some people are prescribed serious drugs for health reasons, others just want to try to get high. A separate caste is drug addicts who need to get the drug instantly, and at the same time cheaper than from a dealer.

What are pharmacy drugs?

Pharmaceutical drugs (AN) is an informal name for drugs that have a psychostimulant effect, both in the correct dosage and when the amount is exceeded. Narcotic pills, even under the supervision of a doctor, can adversely affect health and the psyche, so they are prescribed only in extremely difficult cases.

But the drugstore also has common drugs, such as cough medicines, which enterprising high lovers have learned to use as a drug.

PHARMACY ADDICTION TREATMENT

Effect of pharmacy drugs

What effect does AN cause? Absolutely similar to conventional drugs:

• Relaxation and peace.
• Unusual surge of strength and energy.
• Sharpening of the senses.
• Ability to easily make acquaintances and maintain communication.
• Withdrawal relief in the absence of standard drugs.
• Pain relief effect.

Some medications, such as psychotropics, can produce these effects even when dosed correctly. Cough medicines, analgesics will have to be taken in fairly large quantities, while the risk of side effects from an overdose increases.

What do narcotic pills look like?

Drugs from a pharmacy do not stand out from conventional medicines. If the medicines were prescribed by a doctor, then at home they should be stored separately from the rest of the first-aid kit, preferably out of the reach of children and adolescents.

Which pills are considered drugs?

Tablets are considered narcotic if they are stimulating and addictive. Serious drugs are limited in sales, but unscrupulous pharmacies can release them without a prescription.

Danger of medicines to life

The main danger is incorrect dosage calculation. In this case, overdose symptoms may appear, some drugs, if the dose is exceeded, cause death or irreversible changes in the work of the heart, kidneys and liver.

Types of drugs in the pharmacy

Drugs in the pharmacy are not only strong drugs, but also the most common drugs used in large quantities.

Opiate tablets

Medical drugs in tablets from the opiate group are prescribed to patients with severe pain or pain shock. The most common drugs are Promedol, Tramadol, Morphine. Even in hospitals, these drugs are subject to strict accounting and control. Recently, it has become almost impossible to buy them in pharmacies, since this is severely punished.

Tablets of psychotropic substances

Diazepam or Phenazepam are the most commonly used drugs for self-administration or as part of a drug mixture. To enhance the arrival, they are combined with alcohol. It is worth noting that such drugs are used in the treatment of alcoholism and drug addiction, under the strict supervision of a doctor. Cancellation of the drug also takes place under the supervision of a narcologist.

Tablets that cause euphoria

Taking tablets from the group of antidepressants causes a feeling of relaxation and euphoria, even if the dosage is observed. The most popular drug is Amitriptyline.

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Prohibited drugs

Prohibited drugs are only available on prescription from a doctor. However, some pharmacies still sell these medicines “under the counter”.

Tablets that cause hallucinations

The well-known “Corvalol” contains barbiturates. When the dosage is repeatedly exceeded, it causes hallucinations and delirium. Some sedatives and sleeping pills have a similar effect.

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Sedative drugs

Any sedative can cause a narcotic effect if taken in large doses and continuously.

The list of pharmacy drugs 2021 and their consequences

Pill addicts have long learned to use even the most harmless drugs to achieve an increase. Despite the constant updating of the lists of restricted drugs for sale, addicts “develop” more and more new ways to prepare the drug or replace it during withdrawal with a more affordable analogue.

Lyrica, tramad

The active ingredient in Lyrica is pregabalin. This relatively affordable analogue of heroin helps addicts get through the withdrawal period when there is no money. Lyrica is used to treat seizures and epileptic seizures, with addiction occurring in almost 90 percent of cases. Doctors prescribe the drug only in extremely severe cases, when the potential benefit outweighs the harm. The list of side effects is very extensive, in addition, exceeding the dosage can be fatal.

Nurofen plus

Easily available, inexpensive, contains codeine – an ideal drug for an addict. In large quantities, its effect is similar to heroin. In this case, side effects are very serious – gastric bleeding, nausea, vomiting, cirrhosis, hearing loss, blurred vision, hallucinations and Quincke’s edema. Regular use of the drug as a drug leads to rapid depletion of the body and early death.

Terpinkod

Contains codeine, effective against cough. Relatively inexpensive, when the dosage is exceeded, addiction occurs. The consequences of regular use of Terpinkod are as follows – dry skin of an earthy hue, disruption of the digestive tract, impaired blood clotting, and much more.

Tropicamide

Tropicamide – drops used in ophthalmology for the diagnosis of glaucoma and cataracts, during and after eye surgery as a prophylaxis for inflammation of the eye. Drug addicts initially used drops to dilate constricted pupils of the eyes, but now Tropicamide replaces the drug or enhances its effect. The high gradually disappears, it is replaced by side effects – convulsions, swelling of the airways, diarrhea, pressure surges and headaches. These drops are used both orally and intravenously.

Tramadol

Tramal and Tramadon are the strongest painkillers prescribed for seriously ill patients (for example, with cancer, when a person is in terrible pain). The effects of drugs are similar to heroin. Tramadol is sold by prescription, in hospitals it is a drug of strict accountability. Affects the psyche with regular use, the addict becomes indifferent to everything. Violation of the heart, liver and kidneys – this is just a small list of side effects.

Antidepressants: Coaxil, Zoloft, Prozac, Aurorex

These drugs do not stimulate opioid receptors in the brain. They are prescribed for depression and other mental disorders. The addictive effect occurs with prolonged uncontrolled use, while the bulk of the side effects occur in the gastrointestinal tract.

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Signs of a drug addict

Taking pills constantly and in large doses will certainly affect both health and appearance of a person:

Constant use of AN leads to a sad result – loss of health and complete degradation of the personality.

Pharmaceutical drug side effects

The negative effect of narcotic pills affects all organs – the heart, liver, kidneys, brain, etc. The main problem is the gradual decrease in high and increase in dosage, which can lead to death.

Over-the-counter narcotic tablets are easy to obtain even for a teenager. The number of those who started their journey as a drug addict with drugs is growing rapidly.

Drug addiction treatment

Drug addiction treatment should be supervised by a narcologist. Since a person experiences the strongest withdrawal syndrome without drugs, it is first necessary to cleanse the body with the help of droppers. Next, the doctor will prescribe a suitable psychotherapy to eliminate psychological dependence.

One of the most important points for a person’s return to normal life is his own desire. In a drug treatment clinic, a psychologist will work with the patient to understand the problem. If you notice signs of drug addiction in a loved one or you yourself have become a hostage to medications, do not hesitate and contact professionals.

Addiction treatment is a complex and multi-step process. If your loved ones need help in the treatment of addiction to alcohol or drugs, then sign up for a free consultation by calling the hotline of the Zdravnitsa Center for Professional Treatment and Rehabilitation: 8-800-200-27-23. We will select a rehabilitation plan and help you go through the stages of recovery with the support of specialists.

Pharmacy addiction – drug addiction | “Narcological Center №1”

Which drugs cause drug dependence? Is it possible to become a drug addict when taking certain pills? It is worth noting one important point: the use of tablets should occur only as directed by a doctor. Self-medication never leads to positive consequences, most often it is a deterioration in human health.

What are drugstore drugs?

Tablets that cause euphoria can now be freely and absolutely legally purchased at any pharmacy. However, it is worth knowing that it will not work to buy pharmacy drugs without a prescription due to their prohibition and strict control by the state and relevant authorities. Some narcotic drugs are ready-to-use psychoactive substances, others are precursors – the basis for the manufacture of deadly drugs and solutions (“screw”, “crocodile”).

Why are medical drugs in great demand among drug addicts? The fact is that pills with a narcotic effect are, in fact, the cheapest legal drugs. If the drug addict does not find money for expensive euphoretics, legal psychoactive substances, powders and tablets bought at a pharmacy are used.

Narcotic and psychotropic drugs in pharmacies without a prescription

Legal narcotic substances in Russia are subject to strict control and accounting, however, some pharmacy chains sell death under the counter, violating the law. It is worth noting that for the distribution of pharmacy drugs would-be sellers face a real criminal sentence. In our country, Prohibited List . There are various types of narcotic pills that cause euphoria. Their danger lies in the fact that in case of violation of dosages and self-prolongation of the course of treatment, a person may develop persistent drug dependence.

It is important to understand that drugs that cause euphoria can also be addictive when used for therapeutic purposes, so the doctor prescribes a prescription, clearly prescribing the duration and duration of the course of treatment. Even a slight increase in the dosage of legal psychedelic drugs leads to side effects. Each narcotic drug has its own characteristics, composition and contraindications, as well as adverse reactions when abused.

In medicine, narcotic drugs are used for various purposes. People can use tablets to combat coughs, fever, and also for recreational purposes – to obtain a euphoric effect. What drugs contain the drug? The most dangerous thing is that such over-the-counter high pills can be found in your home first aid kit. It is worth knowing which pills drug addicts take and which legal drugs are the most popular in Russia.

So, the list of what drug addicts use is quite wide. OTC pharmaceutical drugs and barbiturates are especially popular.

List of pharmacy drugs

The list of “legal” drugs is quite wide. There are 3 control groups in our country. The drugs of the first group can be sold to people only after a call to the medical institution where the medicine was prescribed. Preparations of the second group are sold only by prescription with a seal and signature. Medicines from the third group are sold without a prescription. What do drug addicts use and buy at the pharmacy? What drugs in tablets pose a huge danger to human health and life when attempting recreational use?

Which tablets cause euphoria?

1. Opioids and opioid analgesics (opiate tablets).
2. Various hallucinogenic drugs in a pharmacy.
3. Non-prescription narcotic painkillers.
4. Antidepressants.
5. Codeine-containing.
6. Ephedrine containing.
7. Muscle relaxants.
8. CNS stimulants.
9. Antihistamines.
10. Tranquilizers.
11. Antitussives.
12. Sleeping pills.
13. Eye drops (for pupil dilation).
14. Antiepileptic.
15. Antiviral.
16. Nootropics.

Experienced drug addicts are looking for legal drugs, so pills that have a narcotic effect are an excellent replacement for their usual expensive euphoretics and psychotropic substances. Some drugs from the pharmacy are used to mix with narcotic substances. This is done to prolong or enhance the effect, or to reduce the side effects of psychoactive substances.

Teenagers quite often search the Internet for answers to the following questions:

• What do drug addicts use (prick, sniff)?
• What pills can you get high on without a prescription and get hallucinations?
• How to make drugs from pills?
• What kind of pills are available?
• What happens if you sniff pills?

At the same time, young people do not think at all about the consequences of using medicines not prescribed by a doctor. Meanwhile, drug addicts do not live more than 1-2 years, addiction often leads to the fact that after a few months they look like a living corpse. Tens of thousands of deaths have been recorded. The problem of pharmacy drug addiction is relevant today all over the world. Therefore, legal drug-containing pills without prescriptions are under special control in our country. Today it is impossible to legally buy drugs in a pharmacy without a prescription in Russia.

Why drugstore drugs are so popular

Why are over-the-counter drug pills so popular? The fact is that it is quite simple to buy them illegally from violators of the law. Despite state control, pharmacists and pharmacists go to the crime and dispense drugs without a prescription. “High from the pharmacy” is perceived as cheap drugs. In the hands of drug addicts, essential medicines become deadly poisons.

Signs of drug dependence

Signs of drug dependence vary depending on the type of drug. Most often, a person who has become addicted to pills begins to behave strangely, inadequately, aggressively, his mood changes dramatically. Quite often, coordination is disturbed, speech becomes slurred, consciousness is clouded. A rash, unnatural skin color, pallor, swelling, and sweating are possible.

Side effects and consequences of abuse

The consequences of taking tablets containing dangerous active substances are quite numerous. The most common is death. Since the long-term systematic use of certain drugs in tablets or other forms of release leads to severe intoxication of the body, organ failure, suffocation, necrosis of the limbs, etc.

Overdose is the primary danger of abuse of drugs that cause euphoria.

Effects of psychotropic pills:

• nausea;
• vomiting;
• jumps in blood pressure;
• disorientation in space;
• tachycardia;
• depression;
• tremor;
• convulsions;
• coma;
• hallucinations;
• panic attacks.

If you don’t seek help at the Narcological Center No. 1 in Nizhny Novgorod in time, a person may die.

Further in the article you will learn what psychotropic pills are narcotic pills.

Types of pharmacy drugs

There is a rather long list of drugs that an addict can buy at a pharmacy. These are, first of all, narcotic preparations containing certain dangerous substances in case of overdose. Next, consider the types of drugs in tablets, their effects and harmful effects on the addict’s body. What drugs in medicine most often lead to drug dependence?

Lyrica

Many drug addicts in our country use these pills as a drug. This is an antiepileptic and anticonvulsant drug that drug addicts use in high dosages in search of euphoria and a state of altered consciousness. For medical purposes, the drug fights seizures. Pregabalin is the main active ingredient in narcotics. The composition of the drug is similar to GABA, which makes it dangerous for over-the-counter use. When taken orally, the pills cause a narcotic effect similar in many respects to the use of opiates (heroin).

Opioids

Drugs sold in pharmacies include morphine, tramadol, buprenorphine, codterpine, codeine, etc. Opioids are CNS stimulants and are most commonly used as analgesics for pain relief. In medicine, these drugs are used with extreme caution, the circulation of drugs in each medical institution is strictly observed.

Drugs containing codeine

Drug-containing pills cannot be bought in a pharmacy without a prescription today, however, the ban on many drugs was created only in 2012, until that moment they could be bought at any pharmacy, since codeine is contained not only in painkillers, but even in antitussives for children. Cough syrups have long been adopted by experienced drug addicts. However, they also use some codeine-based drugs to create drugs at home. Precursors are needed by drug addicts to create intravenous injections. One of the most feared and toxic drugs in the world is desomorphine, or crocodile in drug slang. It kills its victims in a matter of months, and the consequences of its use are often irreversible.

H-anticholinergics

Among narcotic drugs that cause addiction and threaten health with regular overdose, Cyclodol can be distinguished. It is used therapeutically to combat Parkinson’s disease. For recreational purposes, the drug is addictive, as people increase the prescribed dosage several times to get euphoria. With regular use, the drug can cause not only hallucinations and memory impairment, but also cognitive decline.

Cough medicines

Cough medicines are the backbone of the list of “high pills” among drug addicts. Not so long ago, such pills for drug addicts were not a problem to find, with the introduction of a number of restrictions and laws, the level of pharmacy drug addiction in our country began to decline. The danger of drugs-narcotics is that in a state of drug intoxication, the addict loses control over himself and can harm both himself and others.

Analeptics

Sulfocamphocaine is one of the most popular analeptic drugs among drug addicts. It is used for medical purposes to restore certain brain centers, and is also prescribed for heart failure and hypotension. The drug is used by drug addicts to enhance the effect of drugs created at home and to reduce side effects. Carries a huge danger to the cardiovascular system.

Nootropics

Phenibut can be singled out among the common pharmacy drugs of this group. Nootropics improve the transmission of nerve impulses in the human brain, and also reduce the level of anxiety, tension, help increase efficiency, and improve memory. With regular abuse, the risk of overdose and severe drug intoxication is very high.

Antiviral drugs

Remantadine is a drug known not only to those who often get sick, but also to those who abuse it for recreational purposes. The medicine in the early stages of the disease fights viruses and helps a person in the prevention of flu and colds. In case of an overdose, it causes a feeling of lightness, flight, euphoria, hallucinations, then sensations are replaced by panic attacks, nausea, and symptoms of poisoning.

Narcotic analgesics

Drugs that have an effect similar to that of morphine on the body are quite popular among drug addicts. Among drugs with a similar effect, Tramadol can be distinguished. This drug is used by more than 40% of pharmacy drug addicts. In this case, quite often in combination with intravenous administration of narcotic substances and opiates.

Baclosan

Baclosan or Baclofen are muscle relaxant drugs that are also used by drug addicts to get high. Why do drug addicts use Baklosan, what effect does the medicine give:

• euphoria;
• muscle relaxation;
• pressure reduction;
• hallucinations;
• nausea;
• urinary problems;
• lack of coordination;
• anxiety;
• panic attacks;
• withdrawal syndrome.

Antidepressants

This is perhaps the most dangerous group of drugs, as people who take them for therapeutic purposes most often get addicted to them. Even when taken according to a doctor’s prescription, people’s mood rises, appetite increases, anxiety decreases, pressure drops, tachycardia and arrhythmia, lethargy and apathy occur. If you take antidepressants in combination with alcohol or other psychoactive substances, the risk of intoxication and overdose increases significantly. If, while taking these drugs, you notice symptoms of addiction in yourself or a loved one, seek help from the Narcological Center No. 1.

Barbiturates

An equally common group of drugs is narcotic sedatives. These are Corvalol, Barboval, Sonnat, etc. they are available both in the form of drops and in the form of solutions for intravenous administration into the body. The drugs depress the central nervous system, due to which the risk of intoxication and death is quite high.

Effect of barbiturates on the body:

• dizziness;
• nausea, vomiting;
• disruption of the gastrointestinal tract;
• drowsiness;
• pressure drop;
• depression of consciousness;
• diseases of the liver and kidneys;
• drop in immunity.

Tranquilizers

Medicines such as Phenazepam or Diazepam have a pronounced psychotropic effect. Therefore, they are used as the basis for creating narcotic solutions for intravenous solutions. However, not all drug addicts know what side effects opiates give in combination with tranquilizers. A toxic mixture inevitably leads to convulsions, spasms, depression of the respiratory center and central nervous system, diseases of internal organs, coma and death.

Antihistamines and non-narcotic analgesics

Unlike all of the above drugs, these painkillers can be purchased at pharmacies without a prescription:

• suprastin;
• cold;
• zestra;
• diphenhydramine;
• amidopyrine.

The effect of the use of antihistamines is similar to the effect of taking tranquilizers. With prolonged use and abrupt withdrawal, withdrawal symptoms occur

Tropicamide

A drug called “tropic” is not only eye drops that dilate the pupils, but also a deadly substance that is used for other purposes by drug addicts. Eye drops are instilled into the nose or administered intravenously. The consequences of such manipulations are quite severe. Often, addicts add drops to the drug solution to dilute the drug and enhance its effect. Solid particles disrupt blood circulation and lead to necrosis of the limbs and internal organs.

Drug addiction treatment

Doctors of the Narcological Center No. 1 in Nizhny Novgorod are treating drug dependence from pharmacy drugs. The therapy consists of several steps:

• detoxification;
• medication, coding;
• psychotherapeutic rehabilitation;
• resocialization.

If you want to know how much drug addiction treatment costs in Nizhny Novgorod, call: 8 (831) 281-60-30.