What are the main causes of TMJ muscle spasms. How can TMJ disorders be diagnosed. What are the most effective treatments for TMJ-related jaw spasms. Is TMJ dysfunction a serious condition. Can TMJ muscle spasms be prevented.

The Anatomy and Function of the Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ)

The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a crucial component of our facial structure, playing a vital role in our daily activities such as speaking, chewing, and facial expressions. Located in front of each ear, these small but complex joints connect the lower jaw (mandible) to the skull. Their unique design allows for both hinge and sliding motions, enabling the wide range of movements our jaws can perform.

The TMJ consists of several key components:

• The condyle: The rounded end of the lower jaw that fits into the joint socket
• The articular disc: A soft cushion between the condyle and the socket
• Ligaments: Connective tissues that stabilize the joint
• Muscles: Responsible for jaw movement and positioning

Are TMJ disorders common? TMJ disorders affect millions of people worldwide, with estimates suggesting that up to 12% of the population may experience symptoms at some point in their lives. These disorders can cause significant discomfort and impact daily activities, making understanding and proper management crucial.

Identifying TMJ Muscle Spasms: Symptoms and Warning Signs

TMJ muscle spasms are often a key component of temporomandibular joint disorders. These involuntary contractions of the jaw muscles can lead to various uncomfortable symptoms. Recognizing these signs is essential for early intervention and effective management.

Common symptoms of TMJ muscle spasms include:

• Pain or tenderness in the jaw area, especially when chewing or speaking
• A feeling of tightness or stiffness in the jaw muscles
• Difficulty opening the mouth wide or fully closing it
• Clicking, popping, or grating sounds when moving the jaw
• Headaches, particularly in the temples or behind the eyes
• Earaches or a sensation of fullness in the ears
• Neck and shoulder pain
• Facial pain that may extend to the cheeks, temples, or scalp

How can one differentiate TMJ muscle spasms from other jaw-related issues? TMJ muscle spasms often worsen after prolonged jaw use, such as chewing gum or eating tough foods. The pain is typically felt along the entire side of the lower face and may extend upwards. Additionally, the jaw muscles are usually tender to touch, and jaw movement may be limited due to pain.

The Root Causes of TMJ Muscle Spasms

Understanding the underlying causes of TMJ muscle spasms is crucial for effective treatment and prevention. While the exact cause may not always be identifiable, several factors can contribute to the development of these spasms.

Chronic Overuse and Habits

One of the primary culprits behind TMJ muscle spasms is chronic overuse of the jaw muscles. This can result from various habits and behaviors, including:

• Teeth grinding (bruxism), often occurring during sleep
• Jaw clenching, especially during times of stress
• Excessive gum chewing
• Nail biting
• Cheek biting

Structural Issues

Certain structural problems in the jaw and surrounding areas can contribute to TMJ muscle spasms:

• Missing posterior teeth, which can place excessive stress on the remaining teeth and jaw joints
• Misaligned teeth or bite problems (malocclusion)
• Jaw injuries or fractures
• Congenital jaw deformities

Medical Conditions

Various medical conditions can increase the risk of developing TMJ muscle spasms:

• Osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis affecting the TMJ
• Fibromyalgia
• Chronic stress and anxiety disorders
• Sleep disorders

Can TMJ muscle spasms be triggered by external factors? Yes, certain environmental and lifestyle factors can exacerbate or trigger TMJ muscle spasms. These may include exposure to cold weather, prolonged periods of stress, poor posture, and even dietary choices that require excessive chewing.

Diagnosing TMJ Disorders: A Comprehensive Approach

Accurate diagnosis of TMJ disorders, including muscle spasms, is essential for developing an effective treatment plan. Healthcare professionals typically employ a multi-faceted approach to diagnose these conditions.

Clinical Examination

The diagnostic process often begins with a thorough clinical examination. During this assessment, the healthcare provider will:

• Evaluate jaw movement and listen for any abnormal sounds
• Palpate the jaw muscles and joints to check for tenderness or pain
• Assess overall facial symmetry and bite alignment
• Examine the inside of the mouth for signs of teeth grinding or other dental issues

Medical History

A comprehensive medical history is crucial for identifying potential contributing factors. The healthcare provider will inquire about:

• The onset and duration of symptoms
• Any recent injuries or dental procedures
• Habits such as teeth grinding or gum chewing
• Stress levels and sleep patterns
• Previous treatments or medications tried

Imaging Studies

In some cases, imaging studies may be necessary to provide a more detailed view of the jaw joint and surrounding structures. These may include:

• X-rays: To assess bone structure and alignment
• Computed tomography (CT) scans: For detailed images of the bones
• Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): To evaluate soft tissues, including the articular disc

How accurate are these diagnostic methods? While clinical examination and medical history provide valuable insights, imaging studies can offer more definitive evidence of structural issues. However, it’s important to note that not all TMJ disorders will show visible changes on imaging, particularly in cases primarily involving muscle spasms.

Treatment Options for TMJ Muscle Spasms

Managing TMJ muscle spasms often requires a multi-faceted approach, tailored to the individual’s specific symptoms and underlying causes. Treatment options range from conservative self-care measures to more invasive interventions in severe cases.

Conservative Treatments

For many individuals, conservative treatments can provide significant relief from TMJ muscle spasms:

• Rest and lifestyle modifications: Avoiding excessive jaw movement and hard foods
• Application of heat or cold packs to the affected area
• Over-the-counter pain relievers and anti-inflammatory medications
• Gentle jaw exercises and stretches
• Stress management techniques, such as meditation or yoga

Physical Therapy

Physical therapy can be highly effective in managing TMJ muscle spasms. A trained therapist may employ techniques such as:

• Massage and manual therapy to relax tense muscles
• Ultrasound therapy to reduce inflammation
• Exercises to improve jaw mobility and strength
• Posture correction to alleviate strain on the TMJ

Dental Interventions

In cases where dental issues contribute to TMJ muscle spasms, a dentist may recommend:

• Occlusal splints or night guards to prevent teeth grinding
• Dental adjustments to improve bite alignment
• Replacement of missing teeth to restore proper jaw support

Medications

Various medications may be prescribed to manage pain and reduce muscle spasms:

• Muscle relaxants
• Prescription-strength pain relievers
• Tricyclic antidepressants for chronic pain
• Corticosteroid injections for severe inflammation

Advanced Treatments

For persistent or severe cases, more advanced treatments may be considered:

• Botulinum toxin (Botox) injections to relax overactive jaw muscles
• Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) therapy
• Cognitive-behavioral therapy to address stress and pain perception

What is the success rate of these treatments? The effectiveness of TMJ treatments can vary widely depending on the individual and the specific cause of their symptoms. Many people find significant relief with conservative measures, while others may require a combination of treatments for optimal results. It’s essential to work closely with healthcare providers to develop a personalized treatment plan.

Preventing TMJ Muscle Spasms: Proactive Measures

While not all cases of TMJ muscle spasms can be prevented, there are several proactive steps individuals can take to reduce their risk or minimize the frequency and severity of symptoms.

Stress Management

Stress is a significant contributor to TMJ muscle spasms. Implementing effective stress management techniques can help reduce the likelihood of jaw clenching and muscle tension:

• Practice relaxation techniques such as deep breathing or progressive muscle relaxation
• Engage in regular physical exercise
• Consider mindfulness meditation or yoga
• Seek professional help if stress becomes overwhelming

Proper Posture

Maintaining good posture can help alleviate strain on the jaw and surrounding muscles:

• Be mindful of your head and neck position, especially when using electronic devices
• Use ergonomic furniture and workstation setups
• Practice exercises to strengthen core and postural muscles

Dietary Considerations

Certain dietary choices can help reduce stress on the TMJ and prevent muscle spasms:

• Opt for softer foods when experiencing jaw pain
• Avoid excessive gum chewing
• Cut food into smaller pieces to reduce the need for wide jaw movements
• Stay hydrated to maintain muscle health

Regular Dental Check-ups

Maintaining good oral health and addressing dental issues promptly can help prevent TMJ problems:

• Attend regular dental check-ups and cleanings
• Address teeth grinding or clenching with appropriate dental appliances
• Seek treatment for missing or misaligned teeth

Awareness and Early Intervention

Being aware of early signs of TMJ issues and seeking prompt treatment can prevent the development of chronic problems:

• Pay attention to jaw discomfort or unusual sounds
• Avoid activities that strain the jaw, such as wide yawning or holding the phone between your shoulder and ear
• Consult a healthcare professional if symptoms persist or worsen

Can lifestyle changes significantly reduce the risk of TMJ muscle spasms? While not a guarantee, adopting healthy lifestyle habits and being proactive about jaw health can substantially lower the risk of developing TMJ disorders. For individuals prone to these issues, consistent implementation of preventive measures can often lead to a noticeable reduction in symptoms and improved overall jaw function.

Living with TMJ Disorders: Coping Strategies and Long-term Management

For many individuals, TMJ disorders, including muscle spasms, can become a chronic condition requiring ongoing management. Developing effective coping strategies and adopting a long-term approach to care is essential for maintaining quality of life and minimizing the impact of symptoms.

Self-Care Techniques

Incorporating regular self-care practices can help manage symptoms and prevent flare-ups:

• Perform gentle jaw exercises and stretches as recommended by a healthcare provider
• Use relaxation techniques to reduce overall muscle tension
• Apply heat or cold therapy as needed for pain relief
• Maintain a consistent sleep schedule to promote overall health and reduce stress

Lifestyle Adaptations

Making certain lifestyle changes can significantly improve the management of TMJ disorders:

• Modify diet to include softer foods during flare-ups
• Avoid activities that strain the jaw, such as holding phones between the shoulder and ear
• Use proper ergonomics when working or studying to reduce neck and jaw strain
• Practice stress-reduction techniques regularly

Pain Management Strategies

Developing effective pain management strategies is crucial for long-term coping:

• Work with healthcare providers to develop a personalized pain management plan
• Explore alternative pain relief methods such as acupuncture or biofeedback
• Consider cognitive-behavioral therapy to improve pain coping skills
• Use over-the-counter or prescribed medications as directed by a healthcare professional

Support Systems

Building a strong support system can be invaluable for individuals living with chronic TMJ disorders:

• Join support groups or online communities for individuals with TMJ disorders
• Communicate openly with family and friends about the condition and its impact
• Work with employers or educators to make necessary accommodations
• Consider counseling or therapy to address the emotional aspects of living with a chronic condition

Ongoing Monitoring and Treatment

Regular monitoring and adjustment of treatment plans are essential for effective long-term management:

• Attend scheduled follow-up appointments with healthcare providers
• Keep a symptom journal to track changes and identify triggers
• Be open to trying new treatments or therapies as they become available
• Participate actively in treatment decisions and communicate openly with healthcare providers

How can individuals maintain a positive outlook while managing TMJ disorders? Living with a chronic condition like TMJ can be challenging, but maintaining a positive attitude is crucial for overall well-being. Focus on what you can control, celebrate small improvements, and remember that many people successfully manage their symptoms with proper care and support. Engaging in activities you enjoy, setting realistic goals, and practicing gratitude can all contribute to a more positive outlook despite the challenges of TMJ disorders.

TMJ (Jaw Joint) Disorder – Anacapa Oral Surgery Dental Implant Center

The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a small joint located in front of the ear where the skull and lower jaw meet. The pair of TMJs allows the lower jaw to move and function.

Determining the cause of a TMJ problem is critically important. The three broad categories of TMJ disorders are spasm of the jaw muscles, problems with the actual jaw joint structures, and chronic neurologic pain. Many patients have a combination of these problems. A careful history, thorough exam, and computerized imaging will help Dr. Stout arrive at the correct diagnosis.

Muscle Problems: Muscle pain usually is felt on the entire side of the lower face, and may even extend up toward the ears, temples and side of the scalp. TMJ muscle pain often worsens after chewing. The actual jaw muscles are usually painful to touch, and the jaws may not open as wide due to pain. Chronic jaw muscle spasm is usually caused by chronic overuse such as clenching or grinding of the teeth, gum chewing, or habits such as cheek biting or nail biting. Stress or even cold weather can also cause acute or chronic muscle spasm. Missing posterior teeth also place an excessive burden on the jaw muscles and joints and can contribute greatly to TMJ disorders. This is one of the reasons replacing missing back teeth is so important, even if they are not seen by others.

Problems in the Joint Structures: Pain from the actual TMJ joint structure is usually felt in the area directly in front of the ears. There is pain to the touch or during motion or chewing. There may be clicking, popping, or grating noises, and the jaw may feel locked in an open or closed position.

Temporomandibular joint inflammation may be caused by osteoarthritis, the typical “wear and tear” degeneration that can affect any joint in the body. It may also be an extension of an autoimmune condition such as rheumatoid arthritis. Joint inflammation causes progressive limitation of motion, changes in the fit or occlusion of your teeth, and grating sounds as the smooth joint surface degenerates.

Another type of joint problem involves dislocation of the disc between the jawbone condyle and the socket. A displaced disc may produce clicking or popping sounds, limit jaw movement, and cause pain when opening and closing the mouth. After a time, the disc can become permanently deformed or even develop a perforation. Chronic disc problems can lead to degenerative arthritis of the joint.

Neurologic Pain Disorders: Some neurologic pain disorders mimic TMJ disorders because the pain is felt in the area of the jaws, teeth, or joints. These pain disorders are caused by nerve inflammation unrelated to the teeth or jaws. After other causes have been eliminated, a neurologic disorder might be considered and appropriate treatment using medicines might be appropriate.

Understanding Jaw Spasms | TMJ & Other Causes of Jaw Cramps

Take a quiz to find out what’s causing your jaw spasms.

Take jaw spasms quiz

Dental causes

Damage from needles used in your inner cheek muscles, as with those used for dental anesthesia (Novocain injections) or damage to your jaw from oral surgery, such as molar extraction, can result in jaw spasms.

Traumatic causes

Traumatic causes of jaw spasms may include the following.

• Injury: Such as fractures or dislocations of your jaw from an impact
• Foreign body in the muscles of your jaw: Although this sounds strange, debris may become lodged in the jaw from falling down or being in an automobile accident.
• Surgical damage: If you have had surgery on your head, neck, or face, or especially to your temporomandibular joint (TMJ), this may result in jaw spasms if a complication occurred. Jaw spams can also occur if you incur damage to your jaw structure from intubation during surgery or other lifesaving procedures.

Medication-related causes

Taking the following medications may result in jaw spasms as a side-effect.

• Tricyclic antidepressants
• Phenothiazine medications: Used as anti-psychotics
• Some chemotherapy drugs
• Some types of radiation therapy
• Some illicit stimulant drugs

This list does not constitute medical advice and may not accurately represent what you have.

Tooth abscess (infection)

A tooth abscess is a collection of infected material (pus) in the center of a tooth. It is due to a bacterial infection.

You should seek dental care within 24 hours. The diagnosis is made based on your history, an exam, and an x-ray of the mouth. If the abscess is affecting your breathing, it’s considered a medical emergency and you should seek emergency care. Treatment involves incision and drainage of the abscess in addition to antibiotics.

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction disorder

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction disorder refers to long-term pain and dysfunction in the TMJ, the joint that connects the upper and lower jawbones.

The TMJ is a complex joint with complicated movements and is subject to strain and injury. Symptoms may come and go for no apparent reason. Misalignment of the teeth and jaw, and tooth grinding, are no longer believed to be a cause. Women seem to be more susceptible than men.

TMJ disorder has three types:

• Pain or discomfort in the muscles controlling the TMJ.
• Dislocation or injury to the jawbone.
• Arthritis of the TMJ.

Diagnosis is made through patient history, physical examination, and imaging. The goal is to rule out other causes such as sinus infection or facial nerve damage.

Due to the difficulty of diagnosing TMJ disorder, treatment begins with conservative methods that do not permanently change the jaw or teeth. Ice packs, soft foods, gentle stretching of the jaw muscles, and reducing stress are all encouraged. Short-term pain medications may be used. Splints, Botox, implants, and surgery are not recommended.

Rarity: Common

Top Symptoms: dizziness, pain, restricted movement, and clicking sounds from jaw, history of headaches, jaw pain, pain in the back of the neck

Symptoms that always occur with temporomandibular joint (tmj) dysfunction disorder: pain, restricted movement, and clicking sounds from jaw

Urgency: Primary care doctor

Swimmer’s ear (otitis externa)

Swimmer’s ear, or otitis externa, is an infection of the canal which runs from the eardrum to the opening of the ear.

It is caused by anything that introduces bacteria, fungus, or a virus into the canal. Water that stays inside the ear after swimming is a common cause, as are cotton swabs used for cleaning or earpieces that create irritation.

Most susceptible are children, because they have narrower ear canals that do not drain well.

Early symptoms include redness, itching, and discomfort inside the ear canal, sometimes with drainage of clear fluid.

Even mild symptoms should be treated because they can quickly get worse. The infection can spread and intensify, becoming very painful with increased drainage, swelling, fever, and loss of hearing.

Diagnosis is made through patient history and physical examination of the ear canal. Lab tests may be done on a sample of the discharge from the ear.

Treatment includes having a medical provider clean the ear canal of debris and discharge, and a prescription for antibiotic and/or steroid eardrops.

Myofascial pain syndrome

Myofascial pain syndrome is also called chronic myofascial pain (CMP. ) Pressure on certain points of the muscles causes referred pain, meaning the pain is felt elsewhere in the body.

The cause is believed to be muscle injury through overuse, either from sports or from a job requiring repetitive motion. Tension, stress, and poor posture can also cause habitual tightening of the muscles, a form of overuse.

This overuse causes scar tissue, or adhesions, to form in the muscles. These points are known as trigger points, since they trigger pain at any stimulus.

Symptoms include deep, aching muscular pain that does not go away with rest or massage, but may actually worsen. There is often difficulty sleeping due to pain.

Myofascial pain syndrome should be seen by a medical provider, since it can develop into a similar but more severe condition called fibromyalgia.

Diagnosis is made through physical examination and applying mild pressure to locate the trigger points.

Treatment involves physical therapy, pain medications, and trigger point injections. In some cases, acupuncture and antidepressants are helpful.

Rarity: Common

Top Symptoms: dizziness, spontaneous shoulder pain, pain in the back of the neck, tender muscle knot, general numbness

Symptoms that always occur with myofascial pain syndrome: tender muscle knot

Urgency: Primary care doctor

Malignant hyperthermia

Malignant hyperthermia is a rare life-threatening condition usually triggered by drugs like general anesthesia. In certain individuals, these drugs can cause a drastic increase in carbon dioxide, decrease in body temperature, muscle rigidity and ultimately death if not immediately treated.

Call 911 for an ambulance now. This is a life-threatening condition that needs to be treated at the hospital.

Low calcium level

Hypocalcemia is a condition where there is not enough calcium in the blood. Calcium is a mineral contained in the blood and helps the heart and other muscles function properly. It is also needed to maintain healthy teeth and bones. Low calcium levels can cause bones to become brittle and more easily fractured. Parathyroid issues and vitamin D deficiency are common causes of this condition.

You should consider visiting a medical professional to discuss your symptoms. Low calcium levels can be evaluated with a review of your symptoms and a blood test. Once diagnosed, treatment depends on the cause of your low calcium levels.

Rarity: Rare

Top Symptoms: fatigue, shortness of breath, irritability, general numbness, tingling foot

Urgency: Primary care doctor

Fibromyalgia

Fibromyalgia is a set of chronic symptoms that include ongoing fatigue, diffuse tenderness to touch, musculoskeletal pain, and usually some degree of depression.

The cause is not known. When fibromyalgia appears, it is usually after a stressful physical or emotional event such as an automobile accident or a divorce. It may include a genetic component where the person experiences normal sensation as pain.

Almost 90% of fibromyalgia sufferers are women. Anyone with rheumatic disease, such as rheumatoid arthritis or lupus, may be more prone to fibromyalgia.

Poor sleep is often a symptom, along with foggy thinking, headaches, painful menstrual periods, and increased sensitivity to heat, cold, bright lights, and loud noises.

There is no standard test for fibromyalgia. The diagnosis is usually made when the above symptoms go on for three months or more with no apparent cause.

Fibromyalgia does not go away on its own but does not get worse, either.

Treatment involves easing symptoms and improving the patient’s quality of life through pain medications, exercise, improved diet, and help with managing stressful situations.

Treatment of bruxism in adults, prices at the CPS Dr. Levin in Moscow

Bruxism – involuntary grinding of teeth due to muscle spasm, often manifests itself in sleep. Constant trauma to the teeth and soft tissues around them leads to pathological abrasion of enamel, gum disease, loosening and loss of teeth, problems with the jaw joint, and against this background – to a general deterioration in health. The treatment of pathology in our Center is complex , it includes the elimination of the cause, only then – the consequences.

Causes of bruxism

The occurrence of the disease is explained by combined disorders of various systems in the body – digestive, nervous, endocrine.

The main groups of causes of bruxism are distinguished:

Dental

Patients have:

• Partial loss of teeth with dentition defects
• Gingival inflammation and loose teeth, periodontitis
• Bite anomalies
• Poorly fitted braces and dentures
• Pain and limitation of mobility in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ)

In all these cases, there is a violation of the contact between the teeth of the upper and lower jaws, the chewing load is unevenly distributed, the muscles of the face are overstrained and spasmodic.

Osteopathic

It is traditionally believed that the bones of the human skull are mobile only at birth and in early childhood. Proponents of osteopathy believe that in adults they are also in motion and perform from 8 to 12 contractions and expansions per minute. Osteopaths call such cycles the “breath of life” or the cranio-sacral rhythm. It can be broken and block the cranial sutures in case of birth injuries, complicated childbirth, malocclusion.

Bruxism is an unsuccessful attempt by the nervous and muscular systems to remove the blockage and return the “breath of life”. Osteopaths consider the installation of prostheses connecting the left and right halves of the skull to be incorrect – they also provoke spasmodic contraction of the facial muscles.

Psychological

Symptoms of the disease first appear after a sharp change in emotional state – stress or a difficult life situation. Constant psychological stress leads to muscle strain.

Tendency to depression, anxiety clearly correlates with the presence of night gnashing: in ¾ of patients of neurosis departments, masticatory muscle dysfunctions are found.

Personality type, human temperament also affect the appearance of the disease: in choleric patients with increased irritability and aggressive mood, pathology of the facial muscles is not uncommon.

Neurogenic

Bruxism is closely related to the pathology of the nervous system. It is often accompanied by sleep apnea, snoring, nightmares, somnambulism. Chronic diseases are also detected – parkinsonism, epilepsy, enuresis, dementia. A thorough examination reveals a violation of the transmission of impulses along the nerve fibers.

Effective treatment of these conditions results in marked improvement in the symptoms of bruxism.

Pathological manifestations also develop with an improper lifestyle (disturbance of the rhythm of sleep and wakefulness, the influence of harmful production factors), the presence of bad habits (nicotine, alcohol addiction and drug addiction), diseases of internal organs, chronic eating disorders.

Complications

Frequent bouts of bruxism with constant trauma to the hard and soft tissues of the oral cavity cause premature wear of the teeth, inflammatory diseases of the soft tissues, dysfunction of the temporomandibular joint.

Increased abrasion of teeth

Under natural conditions, age-related changes in tooth enamel occur – it gradually wears off on chewing and cutting surfaces. Teeth adapt to loads and continue to function. Pathological abrasion in bruxism affects not only the enamel, but also the dentin, and further exposes the pulp. The crown of the tooth is completely destroyed.

Naturally, problems appear :

Against the background of a decrease in bite, the formation of senile facial features with disturbed proportions occurs – a reduced size of the lower jaw, asymmetry of the face.

TMJ dysfunction

Manifested by partial or complete inability to chew and speak clearly.

Warning signs: soreness of the masticatory muscles, tension and increased tone, rapid fatigue of the muscular apparatus during eating.

If untreated, the disease progresses :

Repeated episodes of bruxism lead to difficulties in orthopedic and orthodontic treatment – the installed prostheses quickly collapse, so most methods of restoring the dentition are not available to such patients. Before making a decision on prosthetics, it is necessary to identify and eliminate the provoking factor.

Bruxism is a complex pathology, but is not a sentence

The disease has many causes and consequences, but a competent approach to diagnosis and treatment allows you to get rid of it and avoid dangerous consequences.

Levin Dmitry Valerievich

Chief Physician and Founder of Doctor Levin

Which doctor should I contact?

Initially, a consultation with a gnathologist or an orthopedic dentist or orthodontist with gnathological training is necessary to establish a diagnosis and select a treatment strategy. Gnathology is the science of the interaction of all components of the dentition. He studies and treats diseases associated with disruption of the jaws, masticatory muscles, ligaments, and joints.

Gnathologist finds the causes of bruxism, plans dental treatment. If necessary, the doctor refers the patient to a specialist. It can be:

• Neurologist – detects abnormal brain activity, the presence of hidden epileptic foci and other organic brain lesions.
• Psychiatrist — notices disturbances in the psycho-emotional state and corrects manifestations of depression.

Allied professionals prescribe sedatives, muscle relaxants, antidepressants, and multivitamins.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of bruxism is complex and multilevel, includes:

How to get rid of bruxism

The treatment of this pathology is complex, aimed at eliminating the identified cause and consequences in the following sequence:

1. Protection of teeth
   A special a soft mouthguard for bruxism, which is worn at night and prevents the abrasion of teeth.
2. Elimination of cause
   Dental measures are taken to reduce muscle hypertonicity, antidepressants, sedatives, and vitamins are prescribed in parallel.
3. Treatment of consequences
   In case of mild tooth wear, the enamel is strengthened. In other cases, restoration with photopolymer fillings or prosthetics is carried out.

Methods of treatment at Doctor Levin Center

Night mouthguards for bruxism

At the first stage of bruxism treatment, special night mouthguards are used – relaxation splints for teeth made of low-allergenic plastic. They are installed on one or both jaws.

The main role of the mouth guard is to keep the teeth from being erased and displaced at night, when a person grinds his teeth involuntarily and does not control himself.

In case of kappa attack :

• unloads facial muscles, relaxes them;
• protects teeth from further decay.

Night mouth guard does not affect the cause of the disease and does not eliminate its consequences.

Grinding teeth

The method is used at the second stage of treatment, if the cause of the disease is found to be an incorrect ratio of the chewing surfaces of the upper and lower teeth. In this case, contacting teeth are found and hard tissues are partially grinded off from them.

The main goal of the procedure is to create an even contact throughout the entire dentition.

After grinding :

• excessive stress on the jaw is removed;
• it is evenly distributed over all plots;
• the sharp edges of the teeth that have injured the tongue and mucous membrane are eliminated;
• the patient gets rid of minor injuries and injuries in the oral cavity.

TENS-therapy

The next stage of treatment is TENS-therapy, hardware electrical stimulation of masticatory muscles. It is needed to relax the muscles and return the correct position of the lower jaw and temporomandibular joint. The procedure is carried out before orthopedic or orthodontic treatment.

Low-frequency microcurrents increase the supply of oxygen and nutrients to the muscles, accelerate the outflow of stagnant venous blood.

As a result of :

• muscle spasm is removed, the elasticity of muscle fibers is restored;
• eliminates TMJ dysfunction and increased masticatory muscle tone;
• jaws are perfectly closed and do not cause pain.

Splint therapy

Splint therapy can be used as an alternative to TENS stimulation or in parallel with it. This is a method of relaxing muscles and restoring normal TMJ function using an individual silicone splint. It is installed on the jaw and worn around the clock for an average of 2-6 months. The patient periodically visits the doctor to correct the position of the lining.

Relief comes already in the first days :

• masticatory muscles return to normal tone;
• shortened ligaments are stretched;
• the jaw and head of the joint return to the physiological position;
• headaches and muscle spasms quickly decrease;
• reduces discomfort in the cervical region.

Botulinum therapy

Neuroproteins (botulinum toxins) block the transmission of nerve impulses through the muscles. The drug is administered pointwise in the form of injections into certain areas of the face at the stage of eliminating the causes of bruxism. This method is necessary to relieve the tone of tense facial muscles and improve the work of the TMJ.

After one treatment :

• chewing muscles relax and become partially immobile;
• pain and tension disappear;
• it is not possible to tightly clench the jaws even with unconscious attempts.

The effect is long – up to several months.

Bite correction

After the condition improves, muscle tone decreases, they proceed to the stage of bite correction with the help of braces and aligners.

• Bracket systems – orthodontic devices with locks on the teeth, connected by a rigid arc. Before installation, she is given the correct position in the shape of the future dentition. She seeks to return to this position, being already on her teeth, putting pressure on them. The orthodontist periodically adjusts the force of pressure, and the teeth gradually move and align.
• Aligners are transparent, removable mouthguards made using computer technology for constant pressure on the dentition. Provide movement of teeth according to a pre-compiled 3D plan.

Both systems are worn for a year or more.

Restoration of teeth

When the causes of the violations are eliminated, they proceed to the final stage – restoration:

• Destroyed and worn teeth are restored using fillings and inlays, thin ceramic overlays – veneers and single prostheses-crowns. All of them protect teeth from further wear.
• Implants or bridges are made to replace missing teeth.

Implantation and prosthetics procedures are possible only if the root causes of the disease are eliminated. Otherwise, no orthopedic structure will survive and will inevitably collapse.

Effectiveness of measures

The effectiveness of treatment depends on the timely initiation of therapy.

• In the initial stages of the disease, grinding teeth, taking medications and several TENS sessions is enough for recovery.
• With a long course of the disease, when the teeth are destroyed and numerous complications appear, all components of the complex will be required, incl. expensive prosthetics of all teeth.

Signs and symptoms requiring medical attention

An attentive patient notices symptoms that should immediately come to the clinic: joint and instability of the cervical spine, respectively, long-term and financially costly treatment.

Patient FAQ

Can implants be used for bruxism?

You can, because the restoration of lost teeth is an obligatory stage of treatment. The only condition is to preliminarily conduct an in-depth diagnosis and eliminate muscle spasm. When bruxism is indicated, even after restoration of muscle tone, additional measures are taken to increase the strength of structures on implants.

Levin Dmitry Valerievich
Oral and maxillofacial surgeon, chief physician of the Center

What can be done to prevent the development of bruxism?

If a person or his relatives have noticed at least single symptoms of bruxism, you need to undergo a diagnosis. The doctor will voice a plan on how to comprehensively approach the problem and eliminate it.

It is worth coordinating self-help measures with a specialist: before going to bed, carry out a light massage of the chin and temples, do exercises to relax the muscles.

Consolidate the effect and a healthy lifestyle – a full night’s sleep, moderate physical activity in the fresh air, a limited amount of coffee and tea, herbal baths.

Levin Dmitry Valerievich
Oral and maxillofacial surgeon, chief physician of the Center

Levin Dmitry Valerievich

Author of the article. Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon, Head Physician of Center

Published: 06/09/2022

Updated: 06/06/2023

Jaw muscle spasm (trismus) – features of treatment in Moscow (indications, contraindications, stages of the procedure)

Jaw muscle spasm (trismus) – features of treatment in Moscow (indications, contraindications) , steps of the procedure)

1. MAIN
2. NEWS
3. Jaw muscle spasm (trismus)

Consultation

Initial examination and consultation with a dentist

FROM

600

Dentist consultation

OT

600

Periodontal consultation

FROM

600

Dental surgeon consultation

OT

600

Orthopedic consultation

OT

600

More details

1 year ago

The jaw muscles are always in good shape, even during sleep. Spasm of these tissues is called lockjaw. Such a phenomenon can be both single and multiple. With hypertonicity of muscle tissue, it is in a state of increased activity, tension, while their ability to stretch is significantly limited. When hypertonicity is weak, a person may feel discomfort. Moderate or severe hypertonicity leads to spasms and pain. When the case is especially difficult, the jaw is very difficult to open. Trismus can be either unilateral or bilateral.

Causes of jaw spasm

There are several reasons for this phenomenon. The general ones include neurotic or infectious ailments:

• tumors of a different nature in the brain;
• meningitis;
• intracranial hemorrhage;
• pathologies of the nervous system, which include both depressive and stressful conditions;
• anatomical features of tissues;
• rabies, tetanus.

Local causes of development are pathologies of the maxillofacial region, injuries:

• inflammation in the bone tissue;
• inflammation in soft tissues in the area of ​​wisdom teeth;
• abscess, phlegmon;
• unsuccessful anesthesia for dental treatment of mandibular areas;
• arthritis, arthrosis of the TMJ;
• fractures, dislocations, fissures of the lower jaw;
• pulpitis, periodontitis in advanced stages;
• excessive load, hypothermia of the jaw;
• poor-quality installation of a prosthesis, bracket systems;
• inflammation in the ternary nerve;
• sports injuries.

If you experience even a slight discomfort, pain in the lower jaw, you should contact the dental clinic. Since there are many reasons for the development of pathology, diagnostics are necessary for their accurate installation. After that, the doctor will be able to prescribe the most correct treatment.

Development of pathology

When a provoking factor occurs, muscle tension occurs. Under the condition of constant hypertonicity, a spasm is manifested, accompanied by pain. A person tries to use the muscle to a lesser extent, which leads to a decrease in its tone. However, compensatory tissue tension develops on the opposite side. When moving the lower jaw, a person constantly feels pain, especially when chewing. During the closing and opening of the jaw, a clicking sound may occur in the joint, while the lower jaw moves in a zigzag pattern. The result is the development of bruxism.

Pain syndrome can also occur in the upper jaw, other parts of the face, nose, superciliary arches, noise and ringing appear in the ears. This happens when the disease is left untreated for a long time.

Symptoms of TMJ ailments

Pathologies often include the following symptoms:

• pain on palpation;
• sharp pain on opening the mouth;
• difficulty eating, engaging the lower jaw;
• difficult breathing through the mouth;
• subfebrile temperature;
• with unilateral spasm, facial asymmetry;
• increase in masticatory muscle volume;
• headaches, migraine.

As directed, the physician diagnoses the causes of symptoms for damage or infection.

There are several stages of pathology development:

• mild: the patient is able to open his mouth 4 cm;
• medium: mouth can be opened 2 cm;
• severe: the patient opens his mouth no more than 1 cm.

Depending on a number of factors, the doctor develops an appropriate treatment strategy.

Diagnostic measures

If a person feels pain when moving the jaw, you should immediately contact the clinic. To normalize the condition, you need to eliminate the spasm. During the diagnosis, the doctor determines the nature of facial expressions, the inclination and movement of the patient’s head, neck, and the amplitude of movement of the lower jaw. It is also important to find out if the patient has any problems with the spine. Specialized equipment is required to determine the type of bite, in statics and dynamics. In addition, an x-ray and a number of other studies can be prescribed to determine the causes of the pathology, the state of the tissues in different states.

Preventive measures

Prevention of hypertonicity of muscle tissue will prevent the development of problems with the functioning of the lower jaw. To do this, it is recommended to visit a doctor every six months, carefully and systematically carry out oral hygiene. At the first symptoms of caries and other dental ailments, you need to visit a doctor. Eating disorders need to be treated. When bitten by animals, it is necessary to carry out tetanus therapy, as well as to do all the necessary vaccinations. Products must be disinfected before use. It is also important not to open your mouth too much, not to abuse the intake of solid foods. Another important factor is psychological and mental health. You need to avoid stress, adapt yourself to situations of increased nervousness.

Consequences of trismus

Jaw spasms cause pain, prevent normal eating, talking, sleeping. The result is insufficient intake of nutrients into the body, problems with the gastrointestinal tract, breathing, which leads to insufficient saturation of tissues with oxygen, headaches. The lack of oxygen affects the composition of the blood and the functioning of the cardiovascular system. If you experience pain and discomfort during opening, closing your mouth, chewing, you should definitely contact the clinic. After the diagnosis, the doctor will determine the causes of the pathology and develop an effective therapeutic strategy.