Popped hernia. Strangulated Hernia: Recognizing Symptoms and Understanding Treatment Options

21.01.197009.06.2021 by alexxlab

What are the telltale signs of a strangulated hernia. How is this medical emergency diagnosed and treated. What causes hernias to become strangulated. What are the different types of hernias that can lead to strangulation.

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Understanding Strangulated Hernias: A Medical Emergency

A strangulated hernia is a serious condition that occurs when the blood supply to herniated tissue is cut off. This medical emergency can lead to severe complications, including the release of toxins and infections into the bloodstream, potentially resulting in sepsis or death if left untreated.

Any type of hernia has the potential to become strangulated, making it crucial to recognize the signs and seek immediate medical attention. But what exactly happens during a strangulation, and why is it so dangerous?

The Mechanism of Hernia Strangulation

When a hernia becomes strangulated, the blood supply to the intestines and tissues in the abdomen is compromised. This lack of blood flow can quickly lead to tissue death, creating a potentially life-threatening situation. The severity of the condition necessitates prompt medical intervention to prevent permanent damage to organs and tissues.

Recognizing the Symptoms of a Strangulated Hernia

Identifying a strangulated hernia early can be crucial for successful treatment. What are the key symptoms to watch for?

Sudden, excruciating pain that rapidly intensifies
A visible bulge in the abdomen or pelvis
Fever and general fatigue
Skin changes near the hernia site, including inflammation and discoloration
A burning sensation around the hernia
Nausea and vomiting
Inability to pass gas or have a bowel movement
Bloody stools
Rapid heart rate

If you experience any combination of these symptoms, especially in conjunction with a known hernia, it’s imperative to seek emergency medical care immediately. Delaying treatment can lead to severe complications and potentially irreversible damage.

Diagnosing a Strangulated Hernia: What to Expect

How do medical professionals diagnose a strangulated hernia? The process typically begins in the emergency room, where doctors will conduct a physical examination and review the patient’s symptoms. In many cases, the hernia may be visually apparent, accompanied by the characteristic symptoms described earlier.

To confirm the diagnosis and assess the extent of the problem, doctors may employ imaging tests such as ultrasound. These diagnostic tools can help determine if the hernia is obstructing the bowels and provide valuable information for planning treatment.

The Importance of Timely Diagnosis

Why is rapid diagnosis crucial in cases of strangulated hernias? The longer the tissue remains without blood supply, the higher the risk of permanent damage or life-threatening complications. Swift identification allows for immediate intervention, potentially saving the affected tissue and preventing the spread of toxins throughout the body.

Treatment Options for Strangulated Hernias

Once a strangulated hernia is diagnosed, what treatment options are available? The primary course of action is immediate surgical intervention. This approach aims to restore blood flow to the affected tissue and repair the weakened abdominal wall to prevent recurrence.

The Two-Stage Surgical Approach

Surgical treatment for a strangulated hernia typically involves two main stages:

Hernia Reduction: The surgeon gently applies pressure to push the trapped tissues back into the abdominal cavity. This step must be performed quickly to minimize tissue damage.
Tissue Assessment and Repair: Any damaged tissue is removed, and the weakened area of the abdominal wall is reinforced. For small hernias, this may involve simple stitches, while larger hernias might require the use of surgical mesh or additional tissue for support.

Why is surgical intervention so critical? Without surgery, the strangulated tissue will continue to deteriorate, potentially leading to sepsis, organ failure, or death. Timely surgical treatment not only addresses the immediate threat but also helps prevent future complications.

Understanding the Causes of Hernias and Strangulation

What factors contribute to the development of hernias and their potential strangulation? At its core, a hernia results from a weakness in the abdominal muscles that normally hold organs in place. When these muscles become compromised, organ tissue can push through, creating a noticeable bulge in the skin.

Several factors can increase the risk of developing a hernia:

Chronic coughing or sneezing
Pregnancy and childbirth
Obesity
Heavy lifting or straining
Previous abdominal surgeries
Genetic predisposition to weak connective tissue

While not all hernias cause immediate symptoms, addressing them early can help prevent complications like strangulation. Regular medical check-ups and prompt attention to any unusual abdominal bulges or discomfort can play a crucial role in early detection and treatment.

Types of Hernias Prone to Strangulation

Which types of hernias are most likely to become strangulated? While any hernia can potentially strangulate, some are more prone to this complication than others. Understanding these types can help individuals recognize potential risks and seek timely medical attention.

Common Hernia Types at Risk of Strangulation

Inguinal Hernia: Occurs on either side of the pubic bone
Epigastric Hernia: Involves fat pushing through the upper abdominal wall
Femoral Hernia: Appears as a lump in the groin or inner upper thigh
Umbilical Hernia: Presents as a bump in the belly button area
Incisional Hernia: Develops at the site of previous abdominal surgery
Hiatal Hernia: Occurs when part of the stomach protrudes through the diaphragm

Each of these hernia types has unique characteristics and potential complications. For instance, femoral hernias, while less common, have a higher risk of strangulation due to their location and the narrow passage through which they protrude. Understanding these distinctions can help healthcare providers assess the urgency of treatment and guide patient education efforts.

Incarcerated Hernias: A Precursor to Strangulation

What is an incarcerated hernia, and how does it relate to strangulation? An incarcerated hernia occurs when herniated tissue becomes trapped and cannot be easily pushed back into place. While not immediately life-threatening like a strangulated hernia, incarcerated hernias require prompt medical attention as they can quickly progress to strangulation.

Identifying Incarcerated Hernias

How can you tell if a hernia has become incarcerated? Key signs include:

A hernia bulge that doesn’t reduce in size when lying down
Difficulty or pain when trying to push the hernia back in
Increasing discomfort or pain around the hernia site
Nausea or vomiting
Constipation or difficulty passing gas

If you suspect your hernia has become incarcerated, it’s crucial to seek medical evaluation promptly. While not an immediate emergency like a strangulated hernia, incarcerated hernias require timely intervention to prevent progression to more severe complications.

Preventing Hernia Complications: Proactive Measures

How can individuals reduce their risk of developing hernias or experiencing complications like strangulation? While not all hernias can be prevented, several lifestyle modifications and preventive measures can help minimize risk:

Maintain a healthy weight to reduce abdominal pressure
Practice proper lifting techniques, using legs instead of the back
Avoid straining during bowel movements
Quit smoking to improve overall tissue health
Treat chronic coughs promptly
Engage in exercises that strengthen core muscles

For individuals with existing hernias, regular monitoring and follow-up with healthcare providers is essential. Wearing appropriate support garments and avoiding activities that exacerbate the hernia can help manage symptoms and reduce the risk of complications.

The Importance of Early Intervention

Why is addressing hernias early so crucial in preventing strangulation? Early treatment, whether through surgical repair or careful management, can significantly reduce the risk of incarceration and subsequent strangulation. By addressing the hernia before it becomes problematic, individuals can avoid emergency situations and potentially more complex surgical interventions.

Long-Term Outlook and Recovery After Strangulated Hernia Treatment

What can patients expect in terms of recovery and long-term prognosis after treatment for a strangulated hernia? The recovery process and long-term outlook can vary depending on several factors, including the severity of the strangulation, the amount of tissue affected, and the overall health of the patient.

Immediate Post-Surgical Recovery

In the days and weeks following surgery, patients typically experience:

Pain and discomfort at the surgical site, managed with medication
Restrictions on physical activity to allow proper healing
Regular follow-up appointments to monitor healing progress
Gradual return to normal activities, usually within 4-6 weeks

Why is careful adherence to post-operative instructions crucial? Following medical advice during recovery can significantly reduce the risk of complications and improve long-term outcomes. This includes proper wound care, adherence to activity restrictions, and prompt reporting of any unusual symptoms.

Long-Term Considerations

What should patients be aware of in the months and years following treatment? Long-term considerations may include:

Potential for hernia recurrence, particularly in cases of large or complex hernias
Ongoing monitoring for signs of new hernias or complications
Lifestyle modifications to reduce strain on the abdominal wall
Possible chronic pain or discomfort in some cases

Regular follow-up with healthcare providers and adherence to preventive measures can help ensure the best possible long-term outcomes. Patients should remain vigilant for any signs of recurrence or new hernias and seek prompt medical attention if concerns arise.

Advancements in Hernia Treatment and Prevention

How is the field of hernia treatment evolving to improve outcomes and reduce complications? Recent advancements in surgical techniques, materials, and preventive strategies are continually enhancing the management of hernias and their potential complications.

Innovative Surgical Approaches

Modern surgical techniques for hernia repair include:

Minimally invasive laparoscopic procedures, reducing recovery time and scarring
Robotic-assisted surgery, offering enhanced precision and control
Advanced mesh materials designed to integrate better with body tissues
Tissue engineering approaches to strengthen weakened abdominal walls

These innovations aim to improve surgical outcomes, reduce recurrence rates, and minimize post-operative complications. As technology continues to advance, patients can expect even more sophisticated and effective treatment options in the future.

Emerging Preventive Strategies

What new approaches are being developed to prevent hernias and their complications? Ongoing research focuses on:

Genetic screening to identify individuals at higher risk for hernia development
Advanced imaging techniques for early detection of abdominal wall weaknesses
Targeted exercises and physical therapy programs to strengthen at-risk areas
Development of bioengineered tissues to reinforce weak abdominal walls

These preventive strategies hold promise for reducing the incidence of hernias and minimizing the risk of severe complications like strangulation. As our understanding of hernia formation and progression improves, so too will our ability to prevent and manage these conditions effectively.

The Role of Patient Education in Hernia Management

Why is patient education crucial in the prevention and management of hernias and their complications? Empowering patients with knowledge about hernias, their risk factors, and potential complications can significantly impact outcomes and quality of life.

Key Areas of Patient Education

Effective patient education programs typically focus on:

Understanding hernia types and their potential risks
Recognizing early signs of complications, including strangulation
Implementing lifestyle modifications to reduce hernia risk
Proper techniques for managing existing hernias
The importance of regular medical follow-ups

By equipping patients with this knowledge, healthcare providers can foster a proactive approach to hernia management. This empowerment can lead to earlier detection of problems, improved compliance with treatment plans, and better overall outcomes.

The Impact of Informed Decision-Making

How does patient education influence treatment decisions and outcomes? Well-informed patients are better equipped to:

Make informed decisions about treatment options
Understand the importance of timely intervention
Actively participate in their care and recovery process
Recognize and report potential complications promptly

This collaborative approach between patients and healthcare providers can lead to more personalized and effective treatment strategies, ultimately improving the management of hernias and reducing the risk of severe complications like strangulation.

As our understanding of hernias and their complications continues to evolve, so too does our approach to patient care. By combining advanced medical techniques with comprehensive patient education, we can work towards better outcomes and improved quality of life for individuals affected by hernias.

Strangulated hernia: Symptoms, treatment, and causes

A strangulated hernia occurs when the blood supply to the herniated tissue has been cut off. This strangulated tissue can release toxins and infection into the bloodstream, which could lead to sepsis or death. Strangulated hernias are medical emergencies.

Any hernia can become strangulated. A strangulated hernia is a hernia that is cutting off the blood supply to the intestines and tissues in the abdomen.

Symptoms of a strangulated hernia include pain near a hernia that gets worse very quickly and may be associated with other symptoms.

Anyone who suspects they have a strangulated hernia should seek emergency medical care.

Share on PinterestAlongside a bulge, symptoms of a strangulated hernia may include fever, fatigue, nausea, and excruciating pain.

One common indication of a strangulated hernia is an easily visible bulge in the areas of the abdomen or pelvis.

Other symptoms that may accompany the bulge include:

sudden pain that can quickly become excruciating
fever
general fatigue
inflammation and color changes in the skin near the hernia
burning feeling around the hernia
nausea
vomiting
inability to pass gas
severe constipation or an inability to have a bowel movement
bloody stools
rapid heart rate

Anyone who experiences pain near the hernia should see a doctor as soon as possible.

Strangulated hernias are often diagnosed in the emergency room, and may be easy to see from visual inspection and the description of symptoms. Doctors may use an imaging test, such as an ultrasound, to check if the hernia is blocking a person’s bowels.

A strangulated hernia should be surgically treated immediately, as this may prevent serious harm to the body and permanent damage to the tissues.

Surgery for a strangulated hernia occurs in two stages.

First, the surgeon will need to reduce the size of the hernia. The surgeon gently applies pressure to the hernia in an attempt to push the trapped tissues back into the abdominal cavity. They must work quickly to prevent the tissue from being permanently damaged.

After this, the surgeon will remove any damaged tissues.

Once this is complete, the surgeon will repair the weak area of muscle where the hernia pushed through. If the hernia is small, the surgeon may be able to do this with stitches. With large hernias, a surgeon may need to add flexible surgical mesh or tissue for added support to help keep the hernia from recurring.

A hernia is the result of a weakness in the abdominal muscles that hold the organs in place. When these muscles become too weak, organ tissue might push through the muscle, creating this noticeable bulge in the skin. This bulge may disappear or become smaller when a person lies down.

Hernias may also be tender to the touch and can cause discomfort in the upper or lower abdomen or groin, especially when lifting, coughing, or bending over.

Hernias may not cause symptoms in some cases, but it may still be better to treat them early to avoid complications.

A strangulated hernia is not a type of hernia, but rather a complication. Some of the more common types of hernias that can become strangulated are:

Inguinal hernia: A bulge on either side of the pubic bone.
Epigastric hernia: A bulge of fat pushing through the walls of the upper abdomen.
Femoral hernia: A lump in the groin or inner upper area of the thigh.
Umbilical hernias: A bump in the belly button caused by the intestines protruding through weaker abdominal muscles at the belly button.
Incisional hernia: A hernia caused by a surgical wound that has not entirely or correctly healed.
Hiatal hernia: A hernia that develops when a portion of the stomach elevates through a defect in the diaphragm. While this type of hernia can become strangulated, the signs are different and include nausea, pain in the chest after eating, and bloating.

Incarcerated hernias

Hernias may become incarcerated when the herniated tissue gets trapped and cannot move back into place, but the blood supply to the tissues has not been cut off. However, incarcerated hernias can easily lead to strangulated hernias.

Incarcerated hernias are not a medical emergency, but should still be treated quickly to prevent them becoming strangulated.

If the hernia does not easily go back into the abdominal cavity, it may be incarcerated. Anyone with an incarcerated hernia should see a doctor, as these hernias can easily become strangulated.

Anyone who suspects they have a strangulated hernia should skip the doctor and seek emergency medical care immediately.

Strangulated hernias can occur at any point in a person’s life. It is even possible for babies to be born with hernias that may or may not strangulate.

The cause of a strangulated hernia is the same as other hernias. The muscle tissue in the abdomen becomes weak, which makes it easier for tissues from the intestines to push through the muscle tissue.

When this happens, the abdominal lining can trap the intestines, which pinches off a bit of organ tissue and causes strangulation.

While strangulated hernias can occur in just about everyone, there are some risk factors to look out for. Risk factors for hernias can include:

straining during bowel movements
chronic coughing, as with some pulmonary disorders, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
abdominal surgeries or cesarean deliveries
strenuous activity, especially when not lifting correctly
pregnancy

People who have had a hernia repaired in the past may also be more likely to get a hernia in the same area later on in life.

Most complications with strangulated hernias occur because of lack of treatment.

The tissue that has been cut off from the blood supply can quickly die off. This leads to a potentially life-threatening situation, as this dead tissue releases toxins and bacteria into the bloodstream that can cause blood infections, sepsis, and death.

Surgery also carries some risk of complications. Doctors will discuss each person’s options with them, including any risks associated with surgery.

Recovering from surgery for a strangulated hernia can take time. Many people will need to spend some time recovering in the hospital.

Many people find they can return to their usual lives within a couple of weeks. If there has been severe tissue damage, recovery may take longer. After surgery, a person will need to limit their physical activity for a period of time that is determined by their doctor.

Complete recovery can vary from a few weeks to several months.

When a strangulated hernia is caught early and treated quickly, the outlook is good. People who suspect they have a hernia should see a doctor as soon as possible for diagnosis and treatment. Taking action early on may help avoid potentially dangerous issues.

Anyone who notices the signs of a strangulated hernia should seek emergency medical attention.

Strangulated hernia: Symptoms, treatment, and causes

Any hernia can become strangulated. A strangulated hernia is a hernia that is cutting off the blood supply to the intestines and tissues in the abdomen.

Symptoms of a strangulated hernia include pain near a hernia that gets worse very quickly and may be associated with other symptoms.

Anyone who suspects they have a strangulated hernia should seek emergency medical care.

Share on PinterestAlongside a bulge, symptoms of a strangulated hernia may include fever, fatigue, nausea, and excruciating pain.

One common indication of a strangulated hernia is an easily visible bulge in the areas of the abdomen or pelvis.

Other symptoms that may accompany the bulge include:

sudden pain that can quickly become excruciating
fever
general fatigue
inflammation and color changes in the skin near the hernia
burning feeling around the hernia
nausea
vomiting
inability to pass gas
severe constipation or an inability to have a bowel movement
bloody stools
rapid heart rate

Anyone who experiences pain near the hernia should see a doctor as soon as possible.

A strangulated hernia should be surgically treated immediately, as this may prevent serious harm to the body and permanent damage to the tissues.

Surgery for a strangulated hernia occurs in two stages.

After this, the surgeon will remove any damaged tissues.

Hernias may also be tender to the touch and can cause discomfort in the upper or lower abdomen or groin, especially when lifting, coughing, or bending over.

Hernias may not cause symptoms in some cases, but it may still be better to treat them early to avoid complications.

A strangulated hernia is not a type of hernia, but rather a complication. Some of the more common types of hernias that can become strangulated are:

Inguinal hernia: A bulge on either side of the pubic bone.
Epigastric hernia: A bulge of fat pushing through the walls of the upper abdomen.
Femoral hernia: A lump in the groin or inner upper area of the thigh.
Umbilical hernias: A bump in the belly button caused by the intestines protruding through weaker abdominal muscles at the belly button.
Incisional hernia: A hernia caused by a surgical wound that has not entirely or correctly healed.
Hiatal hernia: A hernia that develops when a portion of the stomach elevates through a defect in the diaphragm. While this type of hernia can become strangulated, the signs are different and include nausea, pain in the chest after eating, and bloating.

Incarcerated hernias

Incarcerated hernias are not a medical emergency, but should still be treated quickly to prevent them becoming strangulated.

If the hernia does not easily go back into the abdominal cavity, it may be incarcerated. Anyone with an incarcerated hernia should see a doctor, as these hernias can easily become strangulated.

Anyone who suspects they have a strangulated hernia should skip the doctor and seek emergency medical care immediately.

Strangulated hernias can occur at any point in a person’s life. It is even possible for babies to be born with hernias that may or may not strangulate.

When this happens, the abdominal lining can trap the intestines, which pinches off a bit of organ tissue and causes strangulation.

While strangulated hernias can occur in just about everyone, there are some risk factors to look out for. Risk factors for hernias can include:

straining during bowel movements
chronic coughing, as with some pulmonary disorders, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
abdominal surgeries or cesarean deliveries
strenuous activity, especially when not lifting correctly
pregnancy

People who have had a hernia repaired in the past may also be more likely to get a hernia in the same area later on in life.

Most complications with strangulated hernias occur because of lack of treatment.

Surgery also carries some risk of complications. Doctors will discuss each person’s options with them, including any risks associated with surgery.

Recovering from surgery for a strangulated hernia can take time. Many people will need to spend some time recovering in the hospital.

Complete recovery can vary from a few weeks to several months.

Anyone who notices the signs of a strangulated hernia should seek emergency medical attention.

Strangulated hernia: Symptoms, treatment, and causes

Any hernia can become strangulated. A strangulated hernia is a hernia that is cutting off the blood supply to the intestines and tissues in the abdomen.

Symptoms of a strangulated hernia include pain near a hernia that gets worse very quickly and may be associated with other symptoms.

Anyone who suspects they have a strangulated hernia should seek emergency medical care.

Share on PinterestAlongside a bulge, symptoms of a strangulated hernia may include fever, fatigue, nausea, and excruciating pain.

One common indication of a strangulated hernia is an easily visible bulge in the areas of the abdomen or pelvis.

Other symptoms that may accompany the bulge include:

sudden pain that can quickly become excruciating
fever
general fatigue
inflammation and color changes in the skin near the hernia
burning feeling around the hernia
nausea
vomiting
inability to pass gas
severe constipation or an inability to have a bowel movement
bloody stools
rapid heart rate

Anyone who experiences pain near the hernia should see a doctor as soon as possible.

A strangulated hernia should be surgically treated immediately, as this may prevent serious harm to the body and permanent damage to the tissues.

Surgery for a strangulated hernia occurs in two stages.

After this, the surgeon will remove any damaged tissues.

Hernias may also be tender to the touch and can cause discomfort in the upper or lower abdomen or groin, especially when lifting, coughing, or bending over.

Hernias may not cause symptoms in some cases, but it may still be better to treat them early to avoid complications.

A strangulated hernia is not a type of hernia, but rather a complication. Some of the more common types of hernias that can become strangulated are:

Inguinal hernia: A bulge on either side of the pubic bone.
Epigastric hernia: A bulge of fat pushing through the walls of the upper abdomen.
Femoral hernia: A lump in the groin or inner upper area of the thigh.
Umbilical hernias: A bump in the belly button caused by the intestines protruding through weaker abdominal muscles at the belly button.
Incisional hernia: A hernia caused by a surgical wound that has not entirely or correctly healed.
Hiatal hernia: A hernia that develops when a portion of the stomach elevates through a defect in the diaphragm. While this type of hernia can become strangulated, the signs are different and include nausea, pain in the chest after eating, and bloating.

Incarcerated hernias

Incarcerated hernias are not a medical emergency, but should still be treated quickly to prevent them becoming strangulated.

If the hernia does not easily go back into the abdominal cavity, it may be incarcerated. Anyone with an incarcerated hernia should see a doctor, as these hernias can easily become strangulated.

Anyone who suspects they have a strangulated hernia should skip the doctor and seek emergency medical care immediately.

Strangulated hernias can occur at any point in a person’s life. It is even possible for babies to be born with hernias that may or may not strangulate.

When this happens, the abdominal lining can trap the intestines, which pinches off a bit of organ tissue and causes strangulation.

While strangulated hernias can occur in just about everyone, there are some risk factors to look out for. Risk factors for hernias can include:

straining during bowel movements
chronic coughing, as with some pulmonary disorders, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
abdominal surgeries or cesarean deliveries
strenuous activity, especially when not lifting correctly
pregnancy

People who have had a hernia repaired in the past may also be more likely to get a hernia in the same area later on in life.

Most complications with strangulated hernias occur because of lack of treatment.

Surgery also carries some risk of complications. Doctors will discuss each person’s options with them, including any risks associated with surgery.

Recovering from surgery for a strangulated hernia can take time. Many people will need to spend some time recovering in the hospital.

Complete recovery can vary from a few weeks to several months.

Anyone who notices the signs of a strangulated hernia should seek emergency medical attention.

Strangulated hernia: Symptoms, treatment, and causes

Any hernia can become strangulated. A strangulated hernia is a hernia that is cutting off the blood supply to the intestines and tissues in the abdomen.

Symptoms of a strangulated hernia include pain near a hernia that gets worse very quickly and may be associated with other symptoms.

Anyone who suspects they have a strangulated hernia should seek emergency medical care.

Share on PinterestAlongside a bulge, symptoms of a strangulated hernia may include fever, fatigue, nausea, and excruciating pain.

One common indication of a strangulated hernia is an easily visible bulge in the areas of the abdomen or pelvis.

Other symptoms that may accompany the bulge include:

sudden pain that can quickly become excruciating
fever
general fatigue
inflammation and color changes in the skin near the hernia
burning feeling around the hernia
nausea
vomiting
inability to pass gas
severe constipation or an inability to have a bowel movement
bloody stools
rapid heart rate

Anyone who experiences pain near the hernia should see a doctor as soon as possible.

A strangulated hernia should be surgically treated immediately, as this may prevent serious harm to the body and permanent damage to the tissues.

Surgery for a strangulated hernia occurs in two stages.

After this, the surgeon will remove any damaged tissues.

Hernias may also be tender to the touch and can cause discomfort in the upper or lower abdomen or groin, especially when lifting, coughing, or bending over.

Hernias may not cause symptoms in some cases, but it may still be better to treat them early to avoid complications.

A strangulated hernia is not a type of hernia, but rather a complication. Some of the more common types of hernias that can become strangulated are:

Inguinal hernia: A bulge on either side of the pubic bone.
Epigastric hernia: A bulge of fat pushing through the walls of the upper abdomen.
Femoral hernia: A lump in the groin or inner upper area of the thigh.
Umbilical hernias: A bump in the belly button caused by the intestines protruding through weaker abdominal muscles at the belly button.
Incisional hernia: A hernia caused by a surgical wound that has not entirely or correctly healed.
Hiatal hernia: A hernia that develops when a portion of the stomach elevates through a defect in the diaphragm. While this type of hernia can become strangulated, the signs are different and include nausea, pain in the chest after eating, and bloating.

Incarcerated hernias

Incarcerated hernias are not a medical emergency, but should still be treated quickly to prevent them becoming strangulated.

If the hernia does not easily go back into the abdominal cavity, it may be incarcerated. Anyone with an incarcerated hernia should see a doctor, as these hernias can easily become strangulated.

Anyone who suspects they have a strangulated hernia should skip the doctor and seek emergency medical care immediately.

Strangulated hernias can occur at any point in a person’s life. It is even possible for babies to be born with hernias that may or may not strangulate.

When this happens, the abdominal lining can trap the intestines, which pinches off a bit of organ tissue and causes strangulation.

While strangulated hernias can occur in just about everyone, there are some risk factors to look out for. Risk factors for hernias can include:

straining during bowel movements
chronic coughing, as with some pulmonary disorders, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
abdominal surgeries or cesarean deliveries
strenuous activity, especially when not lifting correctly
pregnancy

People who have had a hernia repaired in the past may also be more likely to get a hernia in the same area later on in life.

Most complications with strangulated hernias occur because of lack of treatment.

Surgery also carries some risk of complications. Doctors will discuss each person’s options with them, including any risks associated with surgery.

Recovering from surgery for a strangulated hernia can take time. Many people will need to spend some time recovering in the hospital.

Complete recovery can vary from a few weeks to several months.

Anyone who notices the signs of a strangulated hernia should seek emergency medical attention.

Strangulated hernia: Symptoms, treatment, and causes

Any hernia can become strangulated. A strangulated hernia is a hernia that is cutting off the blood supply to the intestines and tissues in the abdomen.

Symptoms of a strangulated hernia include pain near a hernia that gets worse very quickly and may be associated with other symptoms.

Anyone who suspects they have a strangulated hernia should seek emergency medical care.

Share on PinterestAlongside a bulge, symptoms of a strangulated hernia may include fever, fatigue, nausea, and excruciating pain.

One common indication of a strangulated hernia is an easily visible bulge in the areas of the abdomen or pelvis.

Other symptoms that may accompany the bulge include:

sudden pain that can quickly become excruciating
fever
general fatigue
inflammation and color changes in the skin near the hernia
burning feeling around the hernia
nausea
vomiting
inability to pass gas
severe constipation or an inability to have a bowel movement
bloody stools
rapid heart rate

Anyone who experiences pain near the hernia should see a doctor as soon as possible.

A strangulated hernia should be surgically treated immediately, as this may prevent serious harm to the body and permanent damage to the tissues.

Surgery for a strangulated hernia occurs in two stages.

After this, the surgeon will remove any damaged tissues.

Hernias may also be tender to the touch and can cause discomfort in the upper or lower abdomen or groin, especially when lifting, coughing, or bending over.

Hernias may not cause symptoms in some cases, but it may still be better to treat them early to avoid complications.

A strangulated hernia is not a type of hernia, but rather a complication. Some of the more common types of hernias that can become strangulated are:

Inguinal hernia: A bulge on either side of the pubic bone.
Epigastric hernia: A bulge of fat pushing through the walls of the upper abdomen.
Femoral hernia: A lump in the groin or inner upper area of the thigh.
Umbilical hernias: A bump in the belly button caused by the intestines protruding through weaker abdominal muscles at the belly button.
Incisional hernia: A hernia caused by a surgical wound that has not entirely or correctly healed.
Hiatal hernia: A hernia that develops when a portion of the stomach elevates through a defect in the diaphragm. While this type of hernia can become strangulated, the signs are different and include nausea, pain in the chest after eating, and bloating.

Incarcerated hernias

Incarcerated hernias are not a medical emergency, but should still be treated quickly to prevent them becoming strangulated.

If the hernia does not easily go back into the abdominal cavity, it may be incarcerated. Anyone with an incarcerated hernia should see a doctor, as these hernias can easily become strangulated.

Anyone who suspects they have a strangulated hernia should skip the doctor and seek emergency medical care immediately.

Strangulated hernias can occur at any point in a person’s life. It is even possible for babies to be born with hernias that may or may not strangulate.

When this happens, the abdominal lining can trap the intestines, which pinches off a bit of organ tissue and causes strangulation.

While strangulated hernias can occur in just about everyone, there are some risk factors to look out for. Risk factors for hernias can include:

straining during bowel movements
chronic coughing, as with some pulmonary disorders, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
abdominal surgeries or cesarean deliveries
strenuous activity, especially when not lifting correctly
pregnancy

People who have had a hernia repaired in the past may also be more likely to get a hernia in the same area later on in life.

Most complications with strangulated hernias occur because of lack of treatment.

Surgery also carries some risk of complications. Doctors will discuss each person’s options with them, including any risks associated with surgery.

Recovering from surgery for a strangulated hernia can take time. Many people will need to spend some time recovering in the hospital.

Complete recovery can vary from a few weeks to several months.

Anyone who notices the signs of a strangulated hernia should seek emergency medical attention.

Types of Hernia: Umbillical, Epigastric, Inguinal, Epigastric

What Are the Types of Hernias?

From blinking an eye to running a marathon, the muscles throughout your body make your every movement possible. But that’s not all they do. Because muscle is dense and strong, it also helps hold your organs in place.

Sometimes, though, you can get a weak spot in a wall of muscle that’s usually tight. When that happens, an organ or some other tissue can squeeze through the opening and give you a hernia.

Picture an inner tube bulging through a hole in a beat-up tire: You get a bubble popping out where it doesn’t belong.

There are many types of hernias. They can hurt, but most of the time, you’ll just see a bulge or lump in your belly or groin. And they don’t usually go away without some kind of treatment, which often means surgery.

Groin Hernias

About 3 out of every 4 hernias are in the groin. There are two types: inguinal and femoral.

Continued

Almost all groin hernias are inguinal. You get them when part of your intestine pushes through a weakness in the lower belly and affects an area of the groin called the inguinal canal.

There are two kinds of this hernia:

Indirect. The more common type; it enters the inguinal canal
Direct. It does not enter the canal.

People often get them by lifting heavy objects.

They’re much more common in men than women, but they’re not limited to adults. In fact, surgery to repair them is one of the most common operations for kids and teens.

With an inguinal hernia, you’ll probably see a lump where your thigh and groin come together. It may seem to go away when lying down, but you see it clearly when you cough, stand, or strain. If it causes you pain, it may get worse when you bend over, cough, or lift something heavy.

Generally, these hernias aren’t dangerous. But if you don’t treat them, they can lead to more severe problems. For example, the part of the intestine that’s poking through can have its blood supply cut off. When this happens, it’s called a strangulated hernia, and it can be life-threatening. Call your doctor if you have any of these symptoms:

Fever
Hernia lump turns red, purple, or dark
Pain gets worse really fast
Nausea or vomiting
You can’t pass gas or poop

Continued

Only a few out of every 100 groin hernias are femoral. They’re more common in older women. They are often mistaken for inguinal hernias.

They bulge into a different area of the groin called the femoral canal. You might see a lump right around the crease of the groin or just into the upper thigh.

They can be life-threatening in the same way as inguinal hernias. The danger with femoral hernias, though, is that you often don’t get feel any symptoms or see anything until you need medical help right away.

Umbilical Hernias

This is the second most common type of hernia. They happen when fat or part of the intestine pushes through muscle near the belly button. They’re more common in newborns — especially in those born earlier than expected and babies under 6 months old — but adults can get them, too.

Women are more likely than men to get an umbilical hernia. Your chances are also higher if you:

Are overweight
Have been pregnant multiple times
Have a lot of belly fluid (a condition called ascites)
Have a long-term cough
Have trouble peeing because of an enlarged prostate
Are constipated for long periods of time
Vomit repeatedly

Continued

Umbilical hernias don’t usually hurt. They just show up as a lump near, or even in, the belly button. In babies, they often go back into place by the first birthday, so no treatment is needed.

But surgery can be necessary if the hernia gets bigger or becomes strangulated.

Incisional Hernias

If you have surgery in which a doctor makes an opening through your belly, you might get an incisional hernia later. Tissue can poke through a surgical wound that hasn’t totally healed. Like groin hernias, they can lead to more serious problems if they’re not repaired. The only way to fix them is through surgery, but they can be hard to treat.

Incisional hernias are common in people who have had surgery, especially emergency surgery. You can be more likely to get one if you do any of these things before your incision heals completely:

Gain a lot of weight
Exercise too soon or too heavily
Get pregnant

Your chances are also higher if the wound gets infected or if you:

Are a man over 60
Are obese
Have long-term lung disease
Have diabetes mellitus (DM) or kidney failure
Smoke
Take long-term medications like steroids or drugs that affect your immune system

Hiatal Hernias

These are a little different from the others because they involve your diaphragm, the sheet of muscle that separates your chest from your belly. Your esophagus runs from your throat to your stomach and passes through an opening in the diaphragm.

With a hiatal hernia, part of the stomach bulges up through this opening and into the chest. You won’t see any lump, but you might get heartburn or chest pain and notice a sour taste in your mouth.

They’re the most common hernias for pregnant women, but they’re most often found in people 50 and older.

Lifestyle changes and drugs to ease symptoms are usually the first line of treatment. Often, though, you might not even know that you have one and wouldn’t need to do anything about it.

Other Hernias

Less common types include:

Epigastric hernia. This is when fat pushes through the belly somewhere between the belly button and lower part of the breastbone. These show up in men more often than women.
Giant abdominal wall hernia. You might get one of these if you have an incisional hernia or some other kind that’s hard to treat and keeps coming back. You usually need more surgery to fix it.
Spigelian hernia. You get this type when fat tissue pushes through muscle below your belly button along the bottom edge of where your six-pack might be.

How to Stop a Hernia from Popping Out? – Everyday Medical

Stop a Hernia from Popping Out

Normally, the wall of our abdomen is strong and its muscles hold our intestine in place. A hernia is formed when there is a weak spot through which the intestine can squeeze through. You might have been born with a weakness in that region, or the weakness might have developed over time later in your life.

Getting a hernia in the abdomen is quite common. Infants, children, and adults are found to be affected. Most often, males over 40 years are getting it.

One of the first signs of a hernia is a small bump from the lower abdomen. You can see it only while standing, coughing, jumping, or straining. It’s because these activities elevate the pressure without your abdominal region. That elevated pressure would make a part of the intestine to pop out of the area of weakness. You can often see that the bulge goes off when you lie down.[1]

So, do you think you have a hernia? What can you do to stop it from popping out?

Read the following article to know how to deal with a hernia here:

How Can You Tell if You Have a Hernia?

If you suspect you have a hernia, talk to your doctor. If you don’t have any symptoms, your doctor may discover a bump in your abdomen or groin during a physical examination.

Most often, individuals with a hernia will see a lump or tenderness along with pressure/pain while bending, coughing, and straining. This lump may feel easier when he/she stands up. This denotes a reducible hernia. This type of hernia can be pushed back into your abdomen. To do this, your doctor may carry out a massage so as to put your intestine back into place.[2]

To put it simply, a hernia, which is small and soft and that doesn’t cause a pain may not require any treatment right away.

Other symptoms of a hernia are:

A feeling of heaviness in your abdomen or groin
Pain and swelling in your scrotum (for males)
Pain during a bowel movement and/or urination
Pain while lifting or transporting something heavy
The pain felt later in the day, particularly if you are standing a lot

In children, you can will notice a bump when your baby cries, coughs, or strains during a bowel movement.

How Can You Treat Your Hernia at Home?

Generally, all cases of hernias are candidates for surgery. Unless you cannot have surgery due to other medical conditions or delayed, a surgical repair will be prescribed. If surgery isn’t possible or delayed, you can use a truss or an umbilical hernia belt to keep the bulge of your hernia in. These umbilical hernia belts will work for certain types of hernia by helping to keep your hernia from popping out.

In addition to wearing an umbilical hernia belt, you can also try to gently push your hernia into the abdomen. You might feel it easy to do while lying down.

While this is the case for the people who have a reducible hernia, there is another condition called irreducible hernia, meaning that it can’t be reduced. In some cases, the intestine can be trapped, which can be fatal as it will cut blood supply to the region. This is called strangulated hernia. This is the case of medical emergency and needs an emergency medical care.

Tips to Follow at Home:

If you have the problem of constipation and need to strain for bowel movements, start adding fiber to your diet so that you don’t have to strain.
If you have a cough, ask your physician to treat it so that you are not coughing, which causes the hernia to pop out.
Avoid doing any activities that can elevate abdominal pressure like heavy weight lifting.

How a Hernia is Medically Treated?

Are there any medications to treat a hernia?

No, there are no medications to treat the hernias directly. However, your doctor may prescribe medications in order to decrease the risk of worsening your hernia. These include stool softeners and cough medicines.

So, how do the physicians treat hernias?

If your hernia is small and without pain, you and your physician can decide to wait. On the other hand, if your hernia grows and causes pain, you may need surgery.

In general, treatment of your hernia would depend on whether it’s reducible or irreducible and potentially strangulated. In this, even the reducible hernias should be repaired in order to prevent the strangulation. Only if the patient has some other medical conditions that make the surgery impossible, the physician may not repair the hernia, instead, he/she will suggest the use of abdominal binders.

On the other hand, if you have an irreducible hernia, you will need emergency treatment due to the risk of strangulation. However, an attempt to push back the hernia will be made, with pain medications and muscle relaxation techniques. If this turns unsuccessful, emergency surgery will be prescribed.

What’s in the Strangulated Hernia Surgery?

As mentioned above, a strangulated hernia surgery is an emergency care. Here, the primary objective of the surgeon will be to decrease the hernia, meaning to release your entrapped bowel and restore it where it actually belongs within the abdominal cavity. And, this should be done before the tissue gets damaged permanently.

After this is done, the hernia has to be repaired right away, so as to prevent it from occurring again.

So, how do surgeons repair hernias?

Hernias are repaired using two types of surgeries:

Traditional Surgery: Here, the abdominal wall will be opened and the protruding tissue will be pushed back into the abdomen. Then, the abdominal wall will be sealed and the weak spot will be reinforced using a synthetic mesh.

Laparoscopy: This is a less-invasive method, which makes use of tiny-optic instruments to be sent into the abdomen via tiny openings. A camera will be sent through one opening, so as to guide the surgeons who are manipulating the devices in the other openings.

Once the hernia surgery is over, you can resume your regular day to day activities by following your physician’s advice and ability permits.

References:

1..https://www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article-2513418/Ask-doctor-How-I-stop-hernia-popping-out.html

2..https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2017/12/battling-bulging-hernia

3..https://www.emedicinehealth.com/hernia_faqs/article_em.htm#what_is_the_treatment_for_a_hernia

4..https://www.hernia.org/types/strangulated-hernia/

90,000 If there is a hernia on the wheel, what should I do?

If a hernia on the wheel pops out, what to do?

If during the operation of the car a hernia jumped out on the wheel, then you can do the following: for small sizes, continue to drive, and for serious ones, contact the nearest tire service for repairs.

Causes of a hernia on a wheel

A hernia on a wheel is a very common problem among motorists, especially since it can be obtained quite simply: just drive into a deep hole or hit a curb.And as a result, a kind of “bump” is formed on the wheel – a hernia. The reason is that as a result of the negative impact in the inner layers of the tire, there is a divergence of the reinforcing elements that give the tire rigidity. Because of this, areas are formed on the bus that are different in density from the rest. At the nominal pressure, which is typical for the rest of the tire, these less dense areas swell in the form of a hernia.

What to do if a hernia on the wheel comes out?

Since every motorist encounters this problem at least once in his life, a very popular question is “a hernia on a wheel – what to do?”.If the hernia is small, then most likely nothing needs to be done. It, of course, will not dissolve, but it will not cause any special inconvenience. Of course, some restrictions will need to be observed.

· Firstly, a herniated tire will need to be placed on the driven axle, so it will be less affected.

· Secondly, it will be necessary to always observe the speed limit, again in order not to exert a strong impact on the tire.

If these restrictions are not met, the consequences can be simply disastrous. The tire can simply burst, and if this happens at high speed, then most likely it will not do without casualties.

Hernias are radial, which is a rarity, that occur on the tire treads, and lateral (the name makes it clear that they crawl out on the side surfaces of the tires). If you are interested in the question “lateral hernia on a wheel – what to do?” or “a hernia on the wheel has come out – what to do?”, then the simplest answer will be the following: contact the nearest tire fitting, where a professional technician will assess the size of the hernia and give you advice.

If the hernia is small, then you can continue to use the splint, observing the above restrictions. If the size of the hernia is large, then repair is needed. To make the repairs of high quality, take a responsible approach to the choice of tire fitting. In no case can you save on the quality of tire fitting work, since your safety on the road largely depends on this. Carefully study the reviews of car owners and ratings of workshops, all this can be easily done using the Internet.You should not undertake an independent repair of a hernia or contact craftsmen. This is how you can act if you are concerned about the question “a hernia on the wheel of a stroller – what to do?”, But not with a car.

Umbilical hernia – causes, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment

Umbilical hernia is a pathology in which part of a person’s internal organs begins to extend beyond the anterior abdominal wall.

Most often, part of the small or large intestine and the greater omentum (gastrointestinal ligament) – an anatomical formation of a lamellar structure located in a healthy person between the stomach and the transverse colon – extend beyond the peritoneum.But in addition to the intestines and the greater omentum, other organs of the abdominal cavity and even the small pelvis (for example, the bladder) can also extend beyond the peritoneum.

Umbilical hernias occur anywhere in the abdominal cavity within 2 – 3 cm from the center of the navel. Organs can fall out directly through the navel (umbilical ring) or through a gap near the umbilical canal – first into the subcutaneous tissue, and only then into the umbilical ring. The organs that have fallen out end up in a thin film of connective tissue – the hernial sac.The dropped organs can be located in the hernial sac freely or form a solder with it – a single structure.

Among the hernias of the anterior abdominal wall – about 12% of cases – it is the umbilical hernia. In this case, women are faced with an umbilical hernia more often than men.

In recent years, medicine has made significant advances in diagnostics and surgical treatment. If the pathology is detected in a timely manner, the treatment is carried out according to the plan, then the probability of recurrence (re-formation of a hernia) does not exceed 1%.

Symptoms

For an umbilical hernia, the following symptoms are characteristic:

Protrusion of the navel. Especially the protrusion is clearly visible in the standing position and when the person bends forward. In the supine position, the hernia can spontaneously fall into the navel.
Feeling of jolts, clicks in the navel.
Indigestion and constipation.
Problems with urination (in cases where part of the bladder enters the hernial sac).
Pain in the abdomen, especially pronounced in the navel area (during exercise, while sneezing, coughing, going to the toilet).
Swelling, edema and discoloration of the skin on the abdomen.
Nausea and vomiting (more often – with strangulated hernias, the appearance of adhesions).

Symptoms are especially pronounced with the development of the inflammatory process, the appearance of pus, and the formation of intestinal fistulas. In this case, the patient requires emergency surgical care.

Causes of occurrence

A sufficiently large number of factors can lead to umbilical hernias:

Strong expansion of the bunch due to a bad healed umbilical ring in infancy.
Sprains of the umbilical ring (most often with a sharp increase in body weight, including during pregnancy).
Increased intra-abdominal pressure as a response to injury, lung disease.
Mistakes of surgeons during operations on the stomach, intestines, removal of the gallbladder, or negligence in rehabilitation after operations in the abdomen, stomach. An umbilical hernia can be caused by improper fusion of tissues, illiterately made surgical sutures.

Types of umbilical hernias

Umbilical hernias are of several types:

Straight and oblique. If the protrusions are directed directly into the umbilical ring, the hernia is called straight, if the prolapse of organs occurs through the gap and tissue in the region below or above the umbilical ring – the hernia is oblique.
Correctable and irreducible. Reducible hernias respond most quickly to treatment. Their internal organs that have fallen out can be returned to their natural anatomical area. More difficult to treat are irreducible hernias. They are firmly connected to the hernial sac (fixed in it).It is impossible to return them directly to the abdominal cavity by the reduction method. There are already tissue adhesions between the walls of the hernial sac and the prolapsed organs. Therefore, it is necessary to dissect the adhesions, and sometimes resection (removal) of one of the internal organs or part of it. Most often, resection is required for irreducible hernias with prolapse of the omentum.
Anatomical and acquired . Anatomical hernias in most cases are congenital hernias, acquired hernias are hernias that have appeared due to trauma, weakness of the abdominal wall, or as a consequence of impaired peristalsis and chronic constipation.

Important! Among all types of hernias, so-called strangulated hernias can occur. Most often, the infringement is intra-abdominal or fecal. Umbilical hernias with elastic entrapment are accompanied by a sudden increase in intra-abdominal pressure. Fecal impaction hernias are hernias accompanied by stagnation of feces in the intestines. Strangulated hernias are considered the most dangerous. Due to the threat of rupture of the hernia cavity, they can lead to rapid infection. Operations in this case are performed promptly, as a rule, in emergency departments.

Risk groups

Pathology occurs in adults and children. At the same time, considering the risk groups, each group has its own specificity.

Umbilical hernia in adults

The following categories of adults are in a special risk group:

People with a hereditary predisposition. If someone already had umbilical hernias in the family (especially in relatives in a straight line), it is important to remember: a decrease in tone, weakness (dysplasia, determination) of connective tissue in the abdomen should not be allowed.Therefore, exercises to strengthen the abdominal muscles should be daily.
Women who had their first childbirth quite late – after 35 years.
People with poor metabolism (metabolic disorders lead to changes in connective tissue).
Those involved in strength sports. Umbilical hernias in athletes occur less often than inguinal hernias, but at a critical level of stress, athletes are a very characteristic risk group in the context of the problem of developing umbilical hernias.A sharp increase in intra-abdominal pressure and sudden movements when working on strength simulators, when lifting the barbell, can provoke a protrusion of a part of the abdominal wall outward, the formation of a hernial sac.

Important! Balance is essential. In patients with a genetic predisposition – hernia results from a weak abdominal wall, in professional athletes – on the contrary, pathology develops due to strong loads on the abdominal cavity.

Umbilical hernia in children (newborns)

Premature babies with low weight are more prone to pathology.Umbilical hernia is diagnosed in 30% of premature babies.
In children whose parents suffered from an umbilical hernia in childhood, an umbilical hernia is diagnosed much more often than in children whose parents themselves did not experience this ailment.
The risks of enlargement of the umbilical ring and prolapse of internal organs are higher in children with rickets, malnutrition or other diseases in which muscle tone decreases.
Children who started walking earlier than their peers are also at risk.Here we are talking mainly about those children whose muscles are not strong enough, but the activity is very high.
Statistics show: umbilical hernia in girls is more common than in boys.

Pay attention! For a long time it was believed that an umbilical hernia can be provoked by improper ligation of the umbilical cord. But experts have confirmed: there is no direct connection. The technique of ligation of the umbilical cord is not associated with the expansion of the umbilical ring

Umbilical hernia in pregnant women

The potential risk group includes pregnant women:

Multiple pregnancies often lead to umbilical hernias.Women who carry twins, let alone triplets, are under special control.
Another factor that provokes an umbilical hernia in pregnant women is polyhydramnios – an excess of amniotic fluid (amniotic fluid in the uterus). If there is a suspicion of a deviation in the amount of amniotic fluid in the pregnant woman’s uterus, the doctor establishes control over it. It is important that, on the one hand, the amniotic fluid is sufficient for its direct function – to protect the fetus, and, on the other hand, the fluid should not provoke conditions for squeezing the umbilical cord.The amniotic fluid is taken through the vagina or through the abdominal wall under ultrasound control.
At risk – and women whose fetus is growing very quickly.

The presence of a hernia leaves an imprint on both the management of pregnancy and childbirth. The tactics of labor management (natural / caesarean) are selected individually. If the hernia is large, but the gestation period is short, most often they resort to hernia repair and cesarean section. If the hernial sac is empty, then wearing a special bandage and natural childbirth is practiced.

Diagnostics

Diagnostics is based on several stages:

Interviewing the patient. The doctor asks the patient about the symptoms, finds out the reasons for the development of the pathology, asks if the patient has relatives with hernias, studies what other diseases the person suffers from.
Manual palpation of the abdominal wall. The method is old, but very informative for diagnostics.
X-ray examination.
Ultrasound examination of the abdominal cavity.
Laboratory blood diagnostics is the most effective method for detecting inflammation.
Computed tomography. Appointed according to indications. As a rule, if other types of research do not allow you to see an objective picture. Very often, tomography is prescribed for patients with excess body weight.

Since the patient may experience pain in the lower abdomen and stomach, an examination by a proctologist (colonoscopy) and fibrogastroscopy (“swallowing the probe”)

Treatment (treatment methods)

There are several types of treatment umbilical hernias:

Expectant technique (under medical supervision).It is used only in the treatment of hernias in childhood. By the age of 5 years, a hernia may disappear spontaneously. The decision – to resort to a wait-and-see technique or more radical methods of treatment is made by the doctor based on the size of the hernia, concomitant diseases of the child.
Wearing a band . Does not allow to solve the problem completely, but minimizes the risks of pathology development. It is prescribed if it is impossible to urgently perform an operation (for example, in late pregnancy).
Surgical treatment .Operations can be emergency and planned. Emergency surgical intervention is resorted to if the hernial sac is infringed, the inflammatory process is pronounced, intestinal obstruction is diagnosed, bleeding has developed. In emergency hernia repair, surgeons are focused on abdominal operations. Rehabilitation after such operations is long-term. But when a hernia is infringed, doctors are fighting for a person’s life, and therefore the use of abdominal operations in this case is justified. For planned operations, surgeons resort to laporoscopic hernioplasty.The pain is minimal. The recovery process is fast enough.

Surgical operations can be aimed at solving two problems – excision of hernias or suturing of hernial orifices. Operations aimed at excision of hernias are called hernia incisions. Suturing operations are more commonly known as hernioplasty.

What kind of operation is prescribed for the patient – hernia incision (hernia repair) or hernioplasty, depends on the type of hernia. At the same time, the most effective and safe surgical techniques for treating an umbilical hernia are considered to be hernia repair without tension of tissues and plastic using allomaterial from mineral raw materials.With the help of operations, it is possible to reliably fix the hernial orifice, exclude relapses, and reduce the time for rehabilitation.

In Minsk, surgical operations using modern hernia repair techniques, including the use of allomaterial, are actively practiced in the 5th Clinical Hospital.

Prevention

An important place in modern medicine is given to the prevention of hernias:

Massage provides a good effect for the prevention of hernias of all ages.Vacuum massage with cups and honey massage are especially effective.
Weight control. Compliance with proper nutrition – limiting high-calorie foods.
Special prevention methods have been developed for young children. If the child was born weak, and he has risks to the formation of hernias, doctors recommend that parents learn the so-called reflex crawling with the baby. The baby is placed on the tummy. A hand is placed under the child’s feet. When a child rests his feet on the arm and tries to crawl, ideal natural conditions are created for the prevention of umbilical hernias.
Physical therapy is indicated directly for the prevention of hernias in adults and children over three years of age and adults. The emphasis is on exercises aimed at strengthening the rectus and oblique abdominal muscles. Raising the pelvis, turning the body, turning to the sides of the legs (in the prone position) are especially effective.

The main thing is not to overdo it. Remember, exercise is only good as a preventative measure. When the hernia has already made itself felt, then, for example, swinging the press can even be dangerous.

Dangers and consequences

At the slightest suspicion of a hernia, it is important to see a doctor. Nowadays, hernias are treated. But if the treatment is delayed, a significant deterioration in the quality of life is possible. Strangulated hernias are not only pains, but also a violation of the normal blood supply to all neighboring organs.

But the development of inflammatory processes, the appearance of pus, tissue necrosis are especially dangerous. Peritonitis can be easily fatal. If pus, necrosis appears, the excision of the hernia is performed by the abdominal method.The consequences of such an operation are long rehabilitation and obstacles to returning to a normal lifestyle. It is important to remember this and not bring the situation to an extreme point – the need to do an emergency operation in the department of purulent surgery

Forecast

With a timely visit to a doctor, comprehensive diagnosis and selection of treatment appropriate to the type of hernia, the prognosis is favorable. Earlier, relapses – repeated occurrence of hernias were not uncommon, but with the advent of tension-free methods of hernia repair, since the use of allomaterials by doctors, the level of surgical operations has become completely different.The risks of relapse are minimized.

The main thing is that the patient must strictly follow the doctor’s recommendations. If the doctor prescribes antibiotics, recommends wearing a bandage, this is really important. Reducing the load on the abdominal wall, competent formation of the scar at the incision site, the absence of infected areas is a guarantee that the result of the surgical intervention will be due.

The team of doctors from the 5th hospital in Minsk will not only select a competent hernia repair technique for a specific patient, but also take care of effective rehabilitation aimed at a quick return to a full life.

Umbilical hernia – causes, symptoms and treatment – Medical compass

Umbilical hernia (ICD code 10 – K42) can manifest itself in both children and adults. Depending on the age of its appearance, different therapeutic tactics can be used.

An umbilical hernia is a protrusion in the navel. It has the following anatomical structures:

Hernial orifice
Hernial sac
Hernial contents (most often these are intestinal loops).

Symptoms of the disease

Umbilical hernia is asymptomatic for a long time. The first clinical manifestations appear when the hernia is infringed.

At the asymptomatic stage, the following signs indicate the presence of an umbilical hernia:

The presence of a protrusion in the navel
It has a soft-elastic consistency
At the initial stages, the hernial protrusion is easily reduced (reducible hernia)
Its size may vary, depending on from the prescription of the existence of a hernia.

When the umbilical hernia is impaired, the clinical picture changes dramatically. It looks as follows:

Severe pains appear in the area of hernial protrusion
Stool is disturbed
The body temperature may rise
Nausea and vomiting are observed, belching is rotten
Weakness
Loss of appetite.

This condition threatens the patient’s life due to the development of acute intestinal obstruction.

Causes of the disease

For the formation of an umbilical hernia, a combination of predisposing and producing factors is necessary.The former are associated with the presence of a certain anatomical structure of the umbilical region, and the latter are associated with an increase in intra-abdominal pressure, which causes the abdominal organs to protrude.

Predisposing factors for umbilical hernia are:

Umbilical ring weakness
Congenital anatomical defect
Connective tissue dysplasia;
Weakness of the muscles of the anterior abdominal wall.

Manufacturing factors include:

Cough, especially cough in chronic bronchitis in smokers
Constipation
Certain professions – musical wind instrument playing
Persons engaged in hard physical labor.

Diagnosis

It is not difficult to diagnose an umbilical hernia. This requires a thorough objective research. All other diagnostic measures are aimed at eliminating possible complications of this disease.

Diagnostic search in the presence of an umbilical hernia includes the following studies:

Ultrasound examination of the abdominal organs
X-ray examination, including the use of radiopaque substances
General clinical urine analysis, which allows to identify inflammatory abnormalities against the background of hernia infringement.

Complications

Lack of timely treatment of an umbilical hernia can lead to the development of formidable complications, such as:

Intestinal obstruction
Peritonitis
Infectious-toxic and painful shock
Coma.

Treatment of the disease

The main place in the treatment of umbilical hernia is given to surgery. Only in newborns and children under one year old can an active-expectant tactic be chosen.It is as follows:

Dynamic observation of the state of the umbilical ring
Wearing special support devices.

Umbilical hernia repair is performed in adults, as well as in case of ineffectiveness of active expectant tactics in children. It consists of the following steps:

Isolation of the hernial sac
Return of the hernial contents to the abdominal cavity
Elimination of the hernial orifice
Reinforcement of the hernial orifice using a special mesh.

As a rule, the operation is performed under local anesthesia. After it has been carried out for six months, it is necessary to limit the lifting of weights. Further, a full-fledged normal life is possible.

There is a hernia on the splint – what to do?

A hernia on the tire is a swollen bump on the sidewall surface (it can pop out both from the inside and from the outside). As a rule, it occurs in places where the cord is most weakened and prone to deformation. What is the danger of this phenomenon and what should be done if a swelling is detected?

Hernia in the tire: what to do?

Is the use of such a wheel permitted?

It is worth remembering that sooner or later the hernia will not withstand the internal pressure of the wheel, and it will simply break.Therefore, it is advisable to change the wheel or at least drive with extreme care. However, the wheel can still be repaired, but more on that later.

Causes of a hernia on the wheel

Most common:

Driving on bad roads. Bumps, pits, joints and other defects in the road surface create additional load on the wheel when the car is moving. Moreover, the load increases in proportion to the speed of movement. As a result of this, the bearing part of the tire (cord) is damaged and weakened and a hernia crawls out at the weakest point.
Poor tire quality or manufacturing defects. Unfair production or violation of its technology also leads to the appearance of deformations and swelling on the wheel.
Non-compliance with the values prescribed by the tire manufacturer. This includes exceeding the speed index and tire load. In this case, the load on the wheel increases significantly – it heats up and deforms due to the weakening of the cord.
Cut or scuffs on the sidewall. This weakens the lateral rubber layer and makes it thinner.
High pressure. Excess air inflates the wheel and makes it stiffer and more prone to damage.

Repair of hernia tire

Only slight swelling on the wheel surface can be repaired. It is extremely difficult to repair a large hernia, moreover, there are no guarantees that after restoration the tire will not explode. So, ways to eliminate a hernia:

Patch (vulcanization method) . A patch is put on the damaged section of the sidewall in the form of ordinary or reinforced rubber.How effective is this method? It tends to zero for certain reasons: the rigidity of the cord is not restored; there is a violation of the weight, balancing, geometry of the tire. The likelihood that the bump will disappear is extremely small.
Fitting the camera to the wheel . In the event of a tire rupture, the camera mitigates the consequences somewhat and the car remains predictable and relatively controllable on the road. However, the disadvantages can be attributed to imbalance of the wheel and increased overheating of the inner surface of the tire due to friction of the chamber with it.
Stitching with nylon threads of the side part of the tire . This will not have the desired effect and may even lead to higher wear and tear of the tire due to the violation of the integrity of the tire. No pluses have been identified and the hernia will not disappear.

Thus, a logical conclusion follows – it is better to replace a damaged wheel with a new one.

Actions if a hernia is detected on the road

If suddenly swelling is found on the wheel, but the nearest tire fitting is far away, then you need:

Change the wheel to a spare or stowaway.In the absence of a “spare wheel”, you need to continue driving extremely carefully, avoiding high speeds and sharp maneuvers.
Continuously monitor changes in the size of the hernia. It can increase or remain unchanged. It all depends on the rigidity of the cord and its resistance to subsequent impacts.
If the front wheel is damaged, place it on the rear axle. If the front wheel explodes, handling will deteriorate sharply and a complete loss of control of the car is possible. In the case of the rear wheel, the consequences are somewhat milder.In any case, the driver will be able to choose the trajectory of the subsequent movement and stop the car on the side of the road.

Inguinal hernia in questions and answers

Doctors
Treatment
Diagnosis
Article updated: June 18, 2020

Inguinal hernia – a small bulge on the right or left of the pubis – is a widespread problem to get rid of which people are ready to use a variety of means, including quite exotic ones.

Why “traditional medicine” cannot cope with an inguinal hernia, and most importantly, how to overcome this ailment, we will talk today.

What is important to know about an inguinal hernia?

Inguinal hernias are more common in men than in women. One of the main reasons for their appearance is a hereditary predisposition. Other causes include strenuous exercise, heavy lifting, persistent coughing, being overweight, difficulty urinating due to prostate adenoma in men, and pregnancy and childbirth in women.

What are the symptoms of an inguinal hernia?

In the process of forming an inguinal hernia, symptoms such as discomfort when walking and playing sports appear, pulling pains in the lower abdomen appear, which are aggravated by lifting weights. Large hernias can cause constipation, bloating, and urinary disorders. In some cases, the hernia develops without symptoms and the patient experiences little or no pain. However, a hernial protrusion is always formed – a swelling of a round or oval shape in the groin area, which appears if a person is in an upright position, and disappears as soon as he lies down.

Why is an inguinal hernia dangerous?

As long as the hernia can be repaired, the situation is not critical. But when it is infringed, the organ that has emerged from the abdominal cavity is, as it were, in a “trap”: the blood supply in it sharply deteriorates, which ultimately can lead to tissue necrosis and rupture of the wall. If in the next few hours a person is not provided with assistance, the case may end in death. Infringement of a hernia can occur after lifting weights, overworking in the gym, severe coughing, straining with constipation.

Expert opinion

Chernookov Alexander Ivanovich Professor, Head of the Department of Hospital Surgery No. 2 of the First Moscow State Medical University. THEM. Sechenov:

If the hernia has formed, then it will not disappear on its own, no “folk remedies” will help. The only way to get rid of her is to have surgery. And the sooner the patient goes to the surgeon, the higher the chance that the treatment will be successful and less traumatic.

A modern and effective method of treating inguinal hernia is the use of mesh implants during the operation. The use of these materials allows for rapid patient rehabilitation. And the likelihood of a recurrence of a hernia after a competently performed surgical intervention does not exceed 2%.

References

Duggan EM., Patel VP., Blakely ML. Inguinal hernia repair in premature infants: more questions than answers. // Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed – 2015 – Vol100 – N4 – p.F286-8; PMID: 25710179

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Hernia after surgery at the International Health Center

According to statistics, from 10 to 20 percent of patients operated on for one reason or another, in the first year after the operation, get such a complication as a hernia. A scar or hernia after surgery is a rather serious complication that is treated, again, surgically. All conditions for the treatment of incisional hernias have been created at the I. Medvedev International Health Center.

Hernia: general questions

A hernia in the general sense of this word is the protrusion of organs into a cavity inside the body or outward, into the external environment. For the formation of a hernia, a combination of two factors is needed: a weak spot in the wall of the cavity and increased pressure inside it. In the case of incisional hernias, the weak point is a postoperative scar that compromises the strength and integrity of the tissues. That is why hernias develop most often in the first year after surgery, when the scar is still weak and there is no full-fledged connective tissue in it.

Where do incisional hernias form? Of course, in places of normal online access:

on the white line of the abdomen (after laparotomy)
in the right iliac fossa (after appendectomy, interventions on the dome of the cecum) or left (surgery on the sigmoid colon)
in the right hypochondrium and near the navel (removal of the gallbladder and liver lobe)
in the left hypochondrium (operations on the stomach and spleen)
in the lateral lumbar region (kidney and ureter surgery)
over the bosom (gynecological and urological operations, cesarean section)
Of course, not every operation leads to hernia formation.The provoking and predisposing factors are:
Emergency operations: untreated intestines, contamination of the surgical wound with intestinal contents, peritonitis, etc.
Intraoperative complications and technical deficiencies from suture material, instruments, etc. (bacterial contamination, excessive trauma)
Postoperative complications: hematomas, suppuration and inconsistency of the suture
open wound management, relaparotomy
violation of the regime by the patient: refusal of the bandage, diet, early and excessive exercise
comorbidities: immunodeficiencies, diabetes, obesity, systemic connective tissue diseases, constipation, bronchitis and pneumonia (hypostatic, from prolonged bed rest), decreased tone of the anterior abdominal wall

Hernias can be medial (in the center of the abdomen) and lateral or lateral, small in size (do not change the shape of the abdomen), medium (occupy a part of the anatomical region), large (for the entire region) and giant (for 2-3 areas).A hernia after surgery can recur, be reducible and irreducible.

Hernia after surgery: symptoms

Uncomplicated hernias usually do not bother the patient, he only notes an elastic tumor-like formation that hums, and in a horizontal position decreases in size, as if being pulled into the abdominal cavity. During physical exertion, there may be pain and discomfort in the hernia area. With suprapubic hernias, urination may be impaired, and with all types of postoperative hernias in the area of the scar, the skin macerates, reddens, and itches.

With long-term hernias, they cease to be adjusted, and one day they can restrict themselves in the hernial orifice. At the same time, a clinic of intestinal obstruction develops: a sudden onset, cramping growing pains, bloating, lack of gas and stool, belching and vomiting, nausea, during the day the patient’s condition becomes critical. Mortality in case of infringement for more than a day is 30%!

Every patient with a hernia should remember that neither bandage nor drugs can cure it! A hernia can shrink at any time, and it is better to operate it as planned than urgently.

How is an incisional hernia diagnosed? If the patient has a hernia on the suture after surgery, then usually the diagnosis is not difficult, to clarify the contents of the hernial sac, the size of the hernial orifice, the state of soft tissues, sometimes ultrasound, MSCT, X-ray of the digestive tract with contrast, EGD, colonoscopy are required.

Treatment of incisional hernias

Only in case of a general serious condition (decompensation of hypertension, angina pectoris, severe renal failure), hernioplasty is not performed.In this case, you need to monitor the regularity of the chair, wear a bandage, strictly dose the load, prevent hacking coughing, straining, etc.

What is a postoperative hernia surgery? This is, in fact, traditional hernioplasty, but additional excision of tissues in the area of the old scar is required, refreshing of their edges to stimulate regeneration. Operation stages:

opening the hernial sac
revision of organs in it, dissection of adhesions and scars
resection of strangulated and necrotic organs, if necessary
restoration of anatomical relationships between organs
plastic hernia gate
closure of defect

Hernia orifice repair can be performed using one’s own tissues (hernias up to 5 cm), or polymer meshes (giant hernias).The nets can be used for plastic surgery of the entire anterior abdominal wall; for small uncomplicated hernias, the mesh is placed endoscopically. Laparoscopic incisional hernia surgery is a gentle intervention with a low likelihood of recurrence.

Hernias in cosmetology

There may also be hernias on the face, these are small triangular fatty sacs under the eyes. They are formed with age, when the circular muscle of the eye loses its tone, and fatty tissue filling the cavity of the orbit begins to sag through the muscle bundles.Often these paraorbital hernias are confused with edema, they try to treat them with creams, taking mild diuretics, etc. On the upper eyelid, in the inner corner of the eye, there may also be similar hernias. If the patient (patient) has a hernia under the eyes, its treatment is also only surgical – blepharoplasty. You can remove excess fat by aspiration with a syringe – transconjunctival blepharoplasty, without incision. The method does not remove excess skin and does not tighten atonic muscles; these problems are solved by traditional blepharoplasty.The surgeon makes the incision along the line of the lower eyelashes or along the crease of the upper eyelid, so that it remains invisible.
The medical center of I. Medvedev is equipped with a conventional and endoscopic operating room, as well as a comfortable postoperative hospital. Qualified surgeons, the latest equipment, high-quality consumables and medicines, the most effective surgical techniques make the choice of a clinic for the treatment of incisional and other types of hernias obvious!

Causes of a hernia on a bicycle tire, its repair

When a tire is damaged on a bicycle, problems often arise that interfere with further safe riding.

A hernia on a tire is most often the result of a strong impact and can lead to the complete unusability of the tire. It is often that these symptoms do not immediately appear on the tire, so cyclists need to closely monitor the condition of the tires.

Causes of a hernia on a bicycle tire

In case of improper use of a bicycle, various damage often occurs not only to the wheels, but also to other parts of the vehicle.

Among the most common causes of a hernia on the rubber, there may be:

harsh braking during fast driving;
impact and sharp impact of solid objects;
hitting a pit with a wheel;
Using a heavy load on the bike that is not intended for this type of product;
old worn out rubber;
Bad road with a lot of obstacles.

When using low quality rubber, these problems are also very common.

Can you ride a bicycle with a hernia?

A hernia occurs on the side of the bicycle wheel. Outwardly, it looks harmless, so many cyclists are interested in the question of whether it is possible to move with a hernia on the tire.

The appearance of a defect in the tire reduces the safety of the cyclist and leads to the following phenomena:

The presence of a bump on the rubber affects the wheel rim, which can lead to its deformation;
the bike loses its stability;
pressure in the wheel rises;
The presence of such a defect may lead to the appearance of new bumps elsewhere.

In the event that a rubber hernia occurs on the road, the cyclist can reach the destination, but constant riding is not recommended. Such a defect can lead to a burst tire, as a result of which the cyclist may be injured.

How to fix a tire hernia?

If the bulge is small, you can use the following method:

purchase a bicycle tire repair kit;
glue the largest patch on the inside of the damaged tire and attach a heavy object on top;
After the device is dry, replace the tire and inflate slowly.

At first, it is necessary to ride the bike for a short time until the patch is completely adhered to the damaged area.

Using a repaired bicycle tire requires some rules to be followed:

not suitable for dirt road;
not used on a road with holes and other deficiencies;
it is not recommended to carry any cargo while driving;
not used for long distance travel.

In case of large hernias, the tire can only be repaired with the help of specialists, however, even though the lump has been removed, it is often not recommended to use such a tire. It can be used as a spare. For permanent cycling, you need to purchase a new product.

Prevention of the appearance of hernias on the tire

To prevent such an unpleasant situation as the formation of hernias on the rubber, it is necessary to take care of methods of prevention while driving.

To reduce the risk of bumps, the following tips should be followed:

When installing the rubber, make sure that the sides are not pinched;
To prevent the appearance of places with folds during the installation of rubber. This can contribute to a decrease in the strength of the fibers, and will lead to the appearance of a defect in the future;
The degree of tire pressure is determined depending on the road on which the bicycle will ride. For a smooth asphalt road, the wheels should be well inflated.To move on a dirt surface, the pressure in the wheels should be medium;
While driving, sharp objects and impacts should be avoided. If such a situation has arisen, it is necessary to carefully inspect the tire for damage;
Do not use a vehicle that is not designed for heavy masses to move loads, this may negatively affect the condition of tires and wheels.

During storage of rubber for bicycles, it is recommended to treat the product with glycerin, this will reduce the risk of cracks and make the tires more resistant to mechanical damage.

Reviews of cyclists

We regularly ride bicycles with friends for long distances. Previously, I did not really think about the quality of rubber. Once, after moving on a dirt road, a bump came out on the rear wheel, I did not pay much attention to this. After a short period of time, the bump burst.

I had to change the camera and put a patch, but this option did not save the situation. I had to put on a thick car tube and sew up the rest of the tire to get home. Now I always carry a spare one with me.

Rating:

Maxim

In winter, I did not use the bike, so I kept it in the attic. In the spring, after a visual inspection, I did not notice any damage. Pumped up and went for a walk. As a result, a bump came out on the second kilometer. Velik rolled home, did not dare to go on such a defect. Now I am closely monitoring the condition of the wheels and tires.

Rating:

Igor

The appearance of such defects may depend not only on impacts or other damages.Faced with poor quality tires that lasted no more than a few weeks and were covered with bumps. Initially I put patches, the result is zero. I had to buy new tires.

Rating:

Sergey

If the bike is used frequently, you need to regularly change the rubber. Regardless of the quality of the tires, the devices are rapidly decreasing, which contributes to the appearance of defects.

Popped hernia. Strangulated Hernia: Recognizing Symptoms and Understanding Treatment Options

Understanding Strangulated Hernias: A Medical Emergency

The Mechanism of Hernia Strangulation

Recognizing the Symptoms of a Strangulated Hernia

Diagnosing a Strangulated Hernia: What to Expect

The Importance of Timely Diagnosis

Treatment Options for Strangulated Hernias

The Two-Stage Surgical Approach

Understanding the Causes of Hernias and Strangulation

Types of Hernias Prone to Strangulation

Common Hernia Types at Risk of Strangulation

Incarcerated Hernias: A Precursor to Strangulation

Identifying Incarcerated Hernias

Preventing Hernia Complications: Proactive Measures

The Importance of Early Intervention

Long-Term Outlook and Recovery After Strangulated Hernia Treatment

Immediate Post-Surgical Recovery

Long-Term Considerations

Advancements in Hernia Treatment and Prevention

Innovative Surgical Approaches

Emerging Preventive Strategies

The Role of Patient Education in Hernia Management

Key Areas of Patient Education

The Impact of Informed Decision-Making

Strangulated hernia: Symptoms, treatment, and causes

Incarcerated hernias

Strangulated hernia: Symptoms, treatment, and causes

Incarcerated hernias

Strangulated hernia: Symptoms, treatment, and causes

Incarcerated hernias

Strangulated hernia: Symptoms, treatment, and causes

Incarcerated hernias

Strangulated hernia: Symptoms, treatment, and causes

Incarcerated hernias

Types of Hernia: Umbillical, Epigastric, Inguinal, Epigastric

What Are the Types of Hernias?

Groin Hernias

Continued

Continued

Umbilical Hernias

Continued

Incisional Hernias

Hiatal Hernias

Other Hernias

How to Stop a Hernia from Popping Out? – Everyday Medical

Causes of a hernia on a wheel

What to do if a hernia on the wheel comes out?

Umbilical hernia – causes, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment

Symptoms

Causes of occurrence

Types of umbilical hernias

Risk groups

Diagnostics

Treatment (treatment methods)

Prevention

An important place in modern medicine is given to the prevention of hernias:

Dangers and consequences

Forecast

Umbilical hernia – causes, symptoms and treatment – Medical compass

There is a hernia on the splint – what to do?

Is the use of such a wheel permitted?

Causes of a hernia on the wheel

Repair of hernia tire

Actions if a hernia is detected on the road

Inguinal hernia in questions and answers

What is important to know about an inguinal hernia?

What are the symptoms of an inguinal hernia?

Why is an inguinal hernia dangerous?

Expert opinion

References

Hernia after surgery at the International Health Center

Hernia: general questions

Treatment of incisional hernias

Causes of a hernia on a bicycle tire, its repair

Causes of a hernia on a bicycle tire

Can you ride a bicycle with a hernia?

How to fix a tire hernia?

Prevention of the appearance of hernias on the tire

Reviews of cyclists

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