Pressure in nasal cavity. Sinus Pressure and Pain: Causes, Symptoms, and Management

19.09.198010.12.2021 by alexxlab

What causes sinus pressure and pain. How can you identify the symptoms of sinusitis. What are the main differences between acute and chronic sinusitis. How can you manage sinus discomfort effectively.

Содержание

Understanding Sinus Pressure and Pain

Sinus pressure and pain are common complaints that can significantly impact one’s quality of life. These symptoms occur when the membranes lining the nasal passages become swollen or inflamed. To fully grasp the nature of these conditions, it’s essential to understand the anatomy and function of the sinuses.

What are sinuses?

Sinuses are air-filled cavities located in various parts of the skull:

Behind the forehead and eyebrows
Inside the bony structure of the cheeks
In front of the brain, behind the nose
On either side of the bridge of the nose

These cavities play a crucial role in our respiratory system, helping to filter, warm, and humidify the air we breathe. When functioning properly, they also contribute to our sense of smell and the resonance of our voice.

Sinusitis: The Primary Culprit Behind Sinus Discomfort

Sinusitis, or inflammation of the sinuses, is often the root cause of sinus pressure and pain. This condition can manifest in two forms: acute and chronic.

Acute Sinusitis

Acute sinusitis is a temporary condition that typically resolves on its own within three to eight weeks. It’s often triggered by viral infections, such as the common cold, and may not require medical intervention in most cases.

Chronic Sinusitis

Chronic sinusitis is a more persistent condition, lasting for eight weeks or longer, or recurring multiple times throughout the year. This form of sinusitis requires medical attention and can significantly impact a person’s daily life.

Do chronic sinusitis symptoms differ from acute sinusitis? While the symptoms may be similar, chronic sinusitis symptoms can persist for months or even years, whereas acute sinusitis typically resolves within a few weeks.

Common Causes of Sinus Pressure

Several factors can contribute to the development of sinus pressure. Understanding these causes can help in prevention and management of the condition.

Sinusitis: Both acute and chronic forms of sinusitis can lead to sinus pressure and pain.
Environmental Irritants: Airborne pollutants and allergens can trigger sinus pressure and mucus build-up.
Common Cold: Some colds can cause mucus build-up, resulting in sinus pressure.

How does sinusitis lead to sinus pressure? When the sinuses become inflamed due to infection or irritation, they produce excess mucus. This mucus can accumulate and block the sinus passages, leading to increased pressure within the sinus cavities.

Unraveling the Causes of Sinus Pain

Sinus pain, often described as a sensation of increasing pressure over the blocked sinuses, can be attributed to several factors:

Inflamed Sinuses

When the linings of the tubes or ducts connecting the sinuses to the back of the nose become inflamed, it can impair normal sinus drainage. This blockage leads to a build-up of pressure within the affected sinuses, resulting in pain.

Increased Fluid and Mucus Secretion

Inflammation of the sinus lining can lead to increased production of fluid and mucus. Combined with impaired drainage, this excess fluid further increases pressure in the sinus cavity, contributing to sinus pain.

Can sinus pain be mistaken for other types of headaches? Yes, sinus pain can sometimes be confused with tension headaches or migraines. It’s important to consult a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis.

Chronic Sinusitis: A Closer Look at Its Causes

Chronic sinusitis can be attributed to various factors, often involving a complex interplay of environmental, anatomical, and immunological factors.

Bacterial and Fungal Infections

While bacterial infections are a common cause of chronic sinusitis, fungal infections can also play a role, especially in individuals with weakened immune systems.

Allergic Reactions

Allergies, particularly environmental allergies and hay fever, can lead to chronic inflammation of the nasal passages, impeding proper sinus drainage.

Anatomical Factors

Structural issues such as nasal polyps or a deviated septum can obstruct sinus drainage, contributing to chronic sinusitis.

Is chronic sinusitis more common in certain populations? Individuals with allergies, asthma, or compromised immune systems may be more susceptible to developing chronic sinusitis.

The Impact of Respiratory Infections on Sinus Health

Respiratory infections, including those affecting the windpipe, nose, or lungs, can significantly impact sinus health and contribute to the development of sinusitis.

Viral Infections

Common colds and other viral respiratory infections can cause inflammation of the nasal passages, leading to mucus build-up and impaired sinus drainage.

Bacterial Infections

While less common than viral infections, bacterial respiratory infections can also trigger sinusitis, often as a secondary complication following a viral infection.

How do respiratory infections lead to sinusitis? These infections cause inflammation and swelling of the nasal tissues, which can block the sinus openings and prevent proper drainage, creating an environment conducive to bacterial growth and sinus infection.

Recognizing the Symptoms of Sinusitis

Identifying the symptoms of sinusitis is crucial for timely diagnosis and treatment. Common symptoms include:

Facial pain or pressure
Nasal congestion or obstruction
Thick, discolored nasal discharge
Reduced sense of smell
Headache
Fatigue
Cough (especially at night)
Sore throat
Bad breath

Can sinusitis symptoms vary between individuals? Yes, the severity and combination of symptoms can differ from person to person, and may also vary depending on whether the condition is acute or chronic.

Managing Sinus Pressure and Pain: Effective Strategies

While sinus pressure and pain can be uncomfortable, several strategies can help alleviate symptoms and promote healing:

Nasal Irrigation

Using a neti pot or saline nasal spray can help flush out mucus and irritants from the nasal passages, reducing inflammation and promoting drainage.

Steam Inhalation

Inhaling steam from a bowl of hot water or taking a hot shower can help moisturize the nasal passages and loosen mucus.

Over-the-Counter Medications

Decongestants, pain relievers, and antihistamines can help manage symptoms. However, it’s important to use these medications as directed and consult a healthcare provider if symptoms persist.

Hydration

Drinking plenty of fluids helps thin mucus secretions, making them easier to drain.

Warm Compresses

Applying a warm, damp towel to the face can help relieve pain and pressure.

Are there any natural remedies for sinus relief? Some people find relief with natural remedies such as eucalyptus oil, ginger tea, or apple cider vinegar. However, it’s important to consult with a healthcare provider before trying any alternative treatments.

When to Seek Medical Attention for Sinus Issues

While many cases of sinus pressure and pain can be managed at home, certain situations warrant medical attention:

Symptoms persisting for more than 10 days
Severe pain or swelling around the eyes or forehead
High fever (above 101°F or 38.3°C)
Symptoms worsening after initial improvement
Changes in vision
Confusion or altered mental state

How do doctors diagnose sinusitis? Doctors typically diagnose sinusitis based on symptoms and a physical examination. In some cases, they may order imaging tests like CT scans or endoscopy to get a clearer view of the sinus cavities.

Understanding the causes and symptoms of sinus pressure and pain is crucial for effective management and timely treatment. By recognizing the signs of sinusitis and implementing appropriate self-care strategies, individuals can often find relief from these uncomfortable symptoms. However, persistent or severe symptoms should always be evaluated by a healthcare professional to ensure proper diagnosis and treatment.

Why Do I Have Sinus Pressure or Sinus Pain? (Causes and Reasons)

Sinus pressure and sinus pain occur when your nasal passage membranes become swollen or inflamed. A variety of factors can cause sinus pressure and pain, including having chronic sinusitis.

What Is Sinusitis?

Your sinuses are cavities filled with air and are situated:

Behind your forehead and eyebrows
Inside your cheeks’ bony structure
In front of your brain, behind your nose
One either side of the bridge of your nose

Sinusitis is an inflammation of your sinuses. It can be of two forms:

Acute sinusitis. If you have acute (temporary) sinusitis, it typically goes away after three to eight weeks on its own.
Chronic sinusitis. If you’re dealing with chronic sinusitis, it lasts longer than eight weeks or more than 12 weeks occurring multiple times per year, and requires treatment. Chronic sinusitis symptoms can last for months, or even years. Some physicians will call sinusitis chronic instead of acute if it lasts a minimum of three months.

Why Do I Have Sinus Pressure or Sinus Pain?

Two common symptoms of chronic sinusitis are sinus pressure and sinus pain.

1) Sinus Pressure Causes and Reasons

There are various causes of sinus pressure. A few factors can cause irritation of your nasal passages and bring about symptoms of sinus pressure. Some sinus pressure causes and reasons include:

Sinusitis. Usually referred to as a sinus infection, sinusitis can cause pressure and pain in your sinuses. You should discuss treatment options with your doctor if you suspect you’re dealing with sinusitis (whether acute or chronic). Sinus infection, referred to as sinusitis, is a common health issue, impacting 31 million Americans.
Environmental irritants. Airborne pollutants like irritants that cause allergies could trigger sinus pressure and mucus build-up.
The common cold. All colds aren’t the same, but in some cases, they can cause the symptom mucus build-up and this means sinus pressure.

2) Sinus Pain Causes and Reasons

Sinus headache pain is frequently described as the sensation of increasing pressure overlying the blocked sinuses. This could be your frontal area (forehead) or your maxillary (cheek area). It could also be both. The area of your face in the impacted sinus can be reddened and tender to the touch. You might experience swelling. Your pain can get worse when you change the position of your head or when you first get out of bed due to the increased sinus cavities pressure.

Inflamed sinuses. If the linings of your tubes or ducts connecting your sinuses to the back of your nose become inflamed, it could cause your sinuses to not drain normally and this can lead to a build-up of pressure within the blocked sinuses.
Increased fluid and mucus secretion. You may also have an associated inflammation and swelling of the lining of your sinuses, leading to increased fluid and mucus secretion. This fluid and mucus increase together with the inability to drain properly increases pressure in your sinus cavity and can lead to sinus headache pain. Sinusitis can cause this inflammation of your sinuses.

Causes of Chronic Sinusitis

As you’ve just learned, chronic sinusitis can cause both sinus pressure and sinus pain. Generally, sinusitis is frequently caused by a bacterial infection. However, sometimes, viruses and molds (fungi) can cause it. If you have a weak immune system, you have a greater risk of developing a fungal or bacterial sinus infection.

Some individuals can also suffer from “allergic fungal sinus infection”, which afflicts those with allergies. A sinus cavity infection that’s near your brain can become fatal if you don’t receive treatment. It can spread to your brain, although this is rare.

Sinusitis might be due to a viral infection and can lead to nose inflammation. This inflammation, along with the reduced ability of your sinuses to drain, could also be caused by hay fever, or another allergic reaction. The inflammation leads to the:

Increased fluid production and swelling
The sinuses can’t drain effectively
The reduced drainage causes sinus headache pain

Some specific and common causes and reasons for chronic sinusitis are:

Tissue growths inside your nose known as polyps: These make it difficult for you to breathe from your nose and they block your sinuses.
Allergies: Allergies, particularly environmental allergies (like chemicals or pollen) or hay fever can cause inflammation of your nasal passages.
Infections in your windpipe, nose or lungs by bacteria or viruses (including colds): These are referred to as respiratory infections and can cause inflammation of your nose and make it difficult for mucus to properly drain from your nose.
An uneven tissue wall between the nostrils: Referred to as a deviated septum, this can limit the flow of air in one or both of your nostrils.

Treating Sinus Pressure and Pain Associated with Chronic Sinusitis

Fortunately, you have several treatment options for treating sinus pressure and sinus pain, including the below.

Home Remedies

If you believe you’re suffering from sinusitis, you could try some home remedies first to help open your blocked sinuses and reduce swelling. For instance, you can:

Use nasal spray wash
Inhale steam
Use decongestants (nasal spray or by mouth)
Use ibuprofen (Motrin, Advil) or acetaminophen (Tylenol) for the pain

Allergy Medications

Since chronic sinusitis is frequently caused by allergy-related inflammation, diagnosing, treating and preventing allergies can help relieve sinusitis. There are allergy medicines that can help, including:

Corticosteroid nasal sprays may also help to relieve sinus inflammation and nasal swelling. You might require oral steroids like prednisone if these sprays don’t help. You might require antibiotics along with your oral or nasal corticosteroids. If it’s difficult to control your allergies, an allergy specialist can provide you with testing for specific allergies and treat your symptoms by administering immunotherapy (desensitizing shots).

Endoscopic Surgery

If you can’t control your symptoms with medicines alone, see an ENT (ear, nose and throat) doctor, who can determine if your sinuses need to be drained or if they need to widen your sinus openings with endoscopic surgery. This procedure uses small instruments and scopes to see and operate through your nasal passages so the doctor can get to your sinuses. If the sinus opening blockage is limited, the doctor may use balloon dilation of the area to help resolve the issue and avoid more invasive surgery.

Contact your ENT doctor if you’re not seeing an improvement in your symptoms after several days, if you notice a green or brown discharge, develop a fever, or are experiencing a sinus-related headache.

Contact Houston & Allergy Services for your Sinus Pressure and/or Pain

If you think you’re suffering from chronic sinusitis or can’t relieve your sinus pressure and/or sinus pain, contact Houston & Allergy Services to set up an appointment with one of our doctors.

We also encourage you to review our website to obtain more information about our office locations, doctors and the services we offer. Our friendly staff and doctors welcome you and your family to Houston & Allergy Services.

What is nasal and paranasal sinus cancer?

Cancer can start in the lining of the space behind the nose (nasal cavity) or the nearby air cavities (paranasal sinuses) and sometimes spread to lymph nodes and other parts of the body.

Nasal cavity

Your nostrils open into the space behind the nose (nasal cavity). The nasal cavity is a space above the roof of your mouth. It curves down to connect with your mouth at the back of your throat.

The nasal cavity warms and moistens the air we breathe and helps to filter out small particles and harmful bacteria. It also has small receptors that catch the molecules responsible for smell in the air.

The area where the nose and throat meet is called the nasopharynx. If you have cancer here, it’s called nasopharyngeal cancer. It is different from nasal and paranasal sinus cancer.

The nasal cavity is close to your eyes, the nerves that leave at the bottom part of the brain (cranial nerves) and your mouth. Cancer in this area can sometimes spread causing pressure and pain in these structures. This could affect your vision and ability to open your mouth.

Cancer in the nasal cavity can also affect your sense of smell.

Paranasal sinuses

Paranasal means around or near your nose. Sinuses are spaces or small tunnels. Paranasal sinuses are small, air filled spaces within the bones of your face. They are above and behind your nose and behind your cheekbones. They give your voice its clarity and tone and lighten the weight of your skull. There are several pairs of sinuses and cancer can develop in any of them.

You have:

maxillary sinuses behind your cheeks, below your eyes and on either side of your nose
frontal sinuses at the very top of your nose in your forehead close to the eyebrows
ethmoid sinuses between the upper nose and the eyes
sphenoid sinuses behind the ethmoid sinuses, above the nasopharynx and between the back of your eyes

These sinuses fill with mucus and become blocked during infections like a cold. This causes the pressure and pain you feel around your nose and eyes when you have a cold (sinus pain).

Lymph nodes in your neck

Like other parts of the body, the head and neck contains lymph nodes (also called lymph glands). These small, bean shaped glands are part of the lymphatic system. Lymph nodes are often the first place cancer cells spread to when they break away from a tumour.

There are major groups of lymph nodes in the neck. Nasal and paranasal sinus cancers can spread to these nodes.

You may need an operation to remove lymph nodes. This will usually be on the same side of your neck as the cancer.

More rarely, a surgeon may suggest removing nodes from both sides of your neck. These operations are called neck dissections. You may hear your surgeon call this type of surgery a radical neck dissection.

A specialist in human tissues (a pathologist) examines the lymph nodes to see if they have cancer cells. It helps them to find out how advanced the cancer is. This is also called the stage of the cancer and helps doctors decide on the most suitable treatment for you.

Nasal and paranasal sinus cancer rarely spreads to other parts of the body such as the lungs, bones or liver.

How common is nasal and paranasal sinus cancer?

Cancer of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses is rare. Only around 500 cases are diagnosed in the UK each year compared with around 42,317 cases of bowel cancer.

Nasal Cavity and Sinus Cancer

Not what you’re looking for?

Overview

The paranasal sinuses are air-filled sacs distributed into several areas of the face.

Maxillary sinuses are under the eyes in the cheek bones
Frontal sinuses are above the eyes in the forehead area
Ethmoid sinuses are between the nose and the eyes
Sphenoid sinuses are at the bottom of the skull, under the pituitary gland

The purpose of the paranasal sinuses is not known for certain, but scientists believe the air-filled sacs have several functions:

To decrease the weight of the skull
To increase voice resonance
Protection against blows to the face
Insulation of the eyes and roots of teeth against temperature fluctuations
To humidify and heat inhaled air

Symptoms

Early cancer symptoms are often the same as non-cancerous conditions. Early cancer symptoms that mimic common conditions of the sinuses include:

A nose bleed from one nostril
Blockage of a nostril
Runny nose on one side

Symptoms that can indicate an advanced cancer tumor are:

A persistent headache
Changes in vision or double vision

Causes and Risk Factors

Men are affected one-and-one-half more often then women. The disease is more common in people between 45 and 85 years of age.

Approximately 60 to 70 percent of sinus cancers occur in the maxillary sinus. About 20 to 30 percent begin in the nasal cavity, and 10 to 15 percent in the ethmoid sinuses. Less than 10 percent are found in the frontal and sphenoid sinuses.

Squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma are associated with exposure to products found in furniture making, the leather industry, and the textile industry:

Wood dust, nickel dust
Mustard gas
Isopropyl oil
Chromium
Dichlorodiethyl sulfide

Some viral infections can cause sinus cancer. The human papilloma virus (HPV) can produce a benign (non-cancerous) sinus tumor called inverted papilloma.

Diagnosis

To make a diagnosis of nasal cavity cancer or sinus cancer the doctor will ask questions about your symptoms, medical history, and examine your mouth.

An examination of the ears, nose, and neck is also needed to help determine if the tumor has spread.

If your examination needs further investigation, your doctor may order a biopsy in order to diagnosis the type of cancer present. A Biopsy is conducted with tissue that is removed so that a pathologist may examine its cells under a microscope.

Doctors may order a traditional X-ray and other imaging tests to gather information about the tumor. Those tests include:

CT scan – A special type of X-ray that makes a series of detailed pictures, with different angles, of areas inside the mouth and neck. A computer is linked to the X-ray machine. A dye may be injected into a vein or swallowed in a pill to help the organs or tissues show up on the X-ray. This procedure is also called computed tomography, computerized tomography, or computerized axial tomography.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) – A machine that uses a magnet, radio waves, and a computer to make a series of detailed pictures of areas inside the mouth and neck. This procedure is also called nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (NMRI).
PET Scan – A PET scan helps determine if a tumor has spread to other areas in the body. During a positron emission tomography scan (PET), a small amount of radioactive sugar (glucose) is injected into a vein. The scanner makes computerized pictures of the areas inside the body. Cancer cells absorb more radioactive glucose than normal cells, so the tumor is highlighted on the pictures.

Many types of cancer grow in the sinuses and can metastasize (spread to other parts of the body):

Inverted papilloma (not cancer but can become cancerous)
Squamous cell carcinoma
Verrucous carcinoma
Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma
Spindle cell carcinoma
Transitional cell or cylindrical cell carcinoma
Adenocarcinoma
Sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma (SNUC)
Small-cell carcinoma
Lymphoma
Malignant melanoma
Salivary-type neoplasms
Sarcoma
Metastic tumors

Treatment

The exact treatment depends on the location and severity of the cancer. Sinus surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation for head and neck cancers are used to remove the cancer and help prevent recurrence.

Nasal Cavity Cancer Surgery

Nasal cavity cancers are usually removed by a wide local excision. A wide local excision includes the area around the tumor to assure all cancer cells are removed:

Nasal septum. If the tumor involves the dividing wall of the nasal cavity (the nasal septum) either a portion or the entire septum is removed.
Nasal cavity. If the tumor is growing on the side wall of the nasal cavity, the wall must be removed. Sometimes the surgeon can remove the tumor by cutting under the upper lip so visible incisions are not needed. If this is not possible, the surgeon will cut through the skin on the side of the nose. Then the skin and nose are folded back to remove the tumor.
If the cancer has grown into the tissue, part of the nose or the entire nose might need to be removed. A reconstructive surgeon rebuilds the nose with the surrounding facial tissues or from artificial materials (prosthesis).

Paranasal Sinus Surgery

Ethmoid sinuses. If the tumor is very small, and is located within the ethmoid sinuses only, the surgeon can remove the tumor through the nostril with an endoscope (a thin lighted tube). If the tumor is much larger, an incision on the side of the nose may be necessary.
Maxillary sinus. If the tumor involves the maxillary sinus, a maxillectomy is needed. The type of maxillectomy depends on the exact location of the tumor. If the tumor is small and toward the middle of the sinus, the surgeon can remove the tumor through the nostril with an endoscope. If the tumor is larger, the surgeon will make the incision along the side of the nose or under the upper lip. The surgeon might need to remove bone from the hard palate, the upper teeth on one side of the mouth, part or all of the orbit (eye socket), part of the cheekbone, and/or the bony part of the upper nose.

A craniofacial resection may be needed if the cancer involves the ethmoid sinuses, frontal sinuses, and the sphenoid sinuses. A craniofacial resection requires both a head and neck surgeon and a neurosurgeon. If the tumor is located in the roof the nasal cavity, and invades into the brain, surgeons will need to remove the tumor from the nose and the brain.

Endoscopic Surgery

Endoscopic surgery is less destructive to normal tissue than conventional operations. The surgeon inserts a thin lighted tube (endoscope) into the nasal cavity, or sinus, instead of opening the area with an incision. The image is enlarged on a computer screen. Small (micro) instruments are used with the endoscope.

Surgeons are using the endoscopic method increasingly more often for treatment of nasal tumors, ethmoid tumors, and for nasal cavity cancer.
Radiation treatments are usually needed after surgery.

If cancer has affected the lymph nodes in the neck, a neck dissection (removal of the lymph nodes) might be needed during any type of head and neck cancer surgery.

Radiation

Radiation therapy stops cancer cells from dividing. The growth of the tumor is slowed. Radiotherapy also destroys cancer cells and can shrink or eliminate tumors.

Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy is prescribed for different reasons:

Together with radiotherapy as an alternative to surgery (called chemoradiation)
After surgery to decrease the risk of the cancer returning
To slow the growth of a tumor and control symptoms when the cancer cannot be cured (palliative treatment)
The combination of surgery, radiation or chemotherapy depends on the size, the location and the type of tumor

Not what you’re looking for?

Sinus Squeeze – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

Continuing Education Activity

Sinus squeeze, also known as barosinusitis or aerosinusitis, is irritation of the mucosal lining in the sinuses as a result of the failure to equalize intrasinus pressures with ambient environment pressure. Sinus squeeze is associated with rapid ascent or descent while scuba diving, rapid altitude changes during flights, and hyperbaric treatments. Symptoms include pain, epistaxis, lacrimation, and rhinorrhea. Pain is the most common symptom, and the frontal sinuses are most commonly affected. Referred tooth pain can occur when the maxillary sinuses are involved. This activity describes the pathophysiology, prevention, and management of sinus squeeze and highlights the role of the interprofessional team in caring for affected patients.

Objectives:

Identify the pathophysiology of sinus squeeze.
Describe the presentation of a patient with sinus squeeze.
Review the treatment and management options available for sinus squeeze.
Explain interprofessional team strategies for improving care coordination and communication to advance the prevention and management of sinus squeeze and improve outcomes.

Access free multiple choice questions on this topic.

Introduction

Sinus squeeze, also known as barosinusitis and aerosinusitis, is irritation of the mucosal lining in the paranasal sinuses as a result of the failure to equalize intrasinus pressures with the ambient environment pressure. Sinus squeeze is associated with rapid ascent or descent while scuba diving, rapid altitude changes during flights, and hyperbaric treatments. Symptoms include pain, epistaxis, lacrimation, and rhinorrhea. Pain is the most common symptom, and the frontal sinuses are most commonly affected. Referred tooth pain can occur when the maxillary sinuses are involved.[1][2][3][4]

Etiology

Most underwater injuries are due to barotrauma. Barosinusitis occurs during rapid descent or increases in pressure twice as often as during ascent. Barotrauma occurs more readily in individuals with preexisting upper respiratory pathology or infections. Individuals who have a history of middle ear or sinus barotrauma are more likely to experience recurrent episodes and symptoms. Some common risk factors for barosinusitis include allergic rhinitis, bacterial sinusitis, viral upper respiratory infections, nasal polyps, and idiopathic sinus congestion. There has not been a proven correlation between sinus squeeze and septal deviation, alcohol, or tobacco use.[5][6][7]

Epidemiology

The prevalence of sinus squeeze is roughly 34% in divers and 20% to 25% in pilots. Interestingly, high-performance pilots, such as fighter pilots, experience barosinusitis less than commercial pilots. Prevalence in commercial pilots increases to 55% with a concurrent upper respiratory infection. Hyperbaric oxygen treatments account for 3% of annual barosinusitis cases. Concomitant sinusitis of any etiology increases the incidence of barosinusitis.

Pathophysiology

The air within the paranasal sinuses is subject to Boyle’s law which states at a constant temperature, the volume of gas is inversely proportional to the pressure of the gas. When an individual ascends at a constant temperature, the atmospheric pressure is reduced, and the air within the nasal passage and paranasal sinuses wants to expand. In the case of a blocked ostium, however, this sinus air isn’t allowed to expand leading to pain and mucosal damage. Conversely, when a patient descends at a constant temperature, the atmospheric pressure increases and the volume in the paranasal sinuses creates a relatively negative pressure environment.

These changes in sinus pressure and volume are compensated for with the nasal passage via small openings termed ostia. Should these ostia and the sinus outlet be blocked, an equilibrium will not occur, and sinus mucosal damage and symptoms ensue. During ascent the volume of air in the sinus wants to expand but is not allowed to, resulting in painful compression of the sinus mucosa. During the descent, the relative negative-pressure environment in the center of the sinus draws fluid from mucosal capillaries with resultant mucosal edema and pain. Sinus squeeze may result in a bloody nose due to pressure induced vascular damage.

Histopathology

Macroscopically, the nasal mucosa is usually edematous with inflammatory changes. Sometimes there is accompanying bloody discharge. Microscopically, mucosal layer thickening is the most common pathological change noted. Polyps and vesicles can also be seen on histology.

History and Physical

The most common chief complaint in patients suffering from sinus squeeze is localized frontal pain. Maxillary and ethmoid sinuses are less significant and infrequent. The pain can radiate up the crown of the head, and behind the orbits, lacrimation is frequently associated in these cases. Epistaxis is the second most common patient concern. Epistaxis is more closely associated with rapid ascent than descent.

Physical examination of the nasal mucosa may be normal or abnormal during an episode of sinus squeeze. Serous or bloody discharge can be observed up to a week after an inciting event. Discharge is commonly seen coming from the middle meatus located between the middle and inferior conchae.

Evaluation

Imaging studies are not necessary unless a complication is suspected, for example, a ruptured sinus and pneumocephalus, or if it is a recurrent case. The preferred imaging study is a sinus CT with contrast. Evaluation by an otolaryngologist with nasal endoscopy can also be diagnostic. Evaluation and imaging studies can reveal causative abnormal anatomies such as polyps, air-fluid levels, and fractures.

Treatment / Management

Pain is usually adequately controlled with NSAIDs. Nasal lavage and topical or oral decongestants can help to equalize pressure. Prophylactic oral antibiotics may be indicated due to the damaged mucosa. First-line treatment is amoxicillin. If allergic, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole is recommended. Cephalosporins are also an option.

Preventative actions include avoiding diving with concurrent upper respiratory infection and/or active allergic rhinitis. Prophylactic oral decongestants such as oxymetazoline spray, pseudoephedrine, and topical intranasal glucocorticoids can also be used.

Surgical Oncology

In cases of recurrent and chronic barosinusitis, referral to an otolaryngologist is useful to assess for anatomically correctable causes. Surgical treatments such as osteotomy, nasal polypectomy, septoplasty, turbinate reduction, uncinectomy, concha bullosa reduction, or sinus surgery may be indicated.

Isolated, acute barosinusitis requires surgery only for complications such as pneumocephalus and orbital fractures. If there is a blockage of a sinus ostium during descent, a relative negative pressure environment is created in the sinus. If the subsequent ascent occurs too quickly, that negative pressure environment increases due to intrasinus volume expansion. If the difference between these pressures is great enough, a sinus can rupture, leading to orbital fracture and/or pneumocephalus.

Staging

Sinus squeeze can be considered acute, chronic, recurrent, or complicated.

Prognosis

The prognosis for sinus squeeze is generally good after treatment with NSAIDs, decongestants, and prophylactic antibiotics.

Complications

Sinus squeeze is the second most common complication occurring with underwater diving. The most common disorder seen among divers is ear barotrauma. During the descent, increases in ambient pressure can lead to mucosal engorgement and edema. This can cause a blockage of the sinus ostia, trapping fluid in the sinus cavity, and ultimately increasing intrasinus pressure. The frontal sinus is most commonly affected due to the relatively long and tortuous nature of its duct. Common symptoms include a headache, epistaxis, and localized sinus pain. If blockage of a sinus ostium does occur during descent, the subsequent ascent can lead to intrasinus volume expansion and a resulting pressure differential that may be sufficient to rupture the sinus. Pneumocephalus is a serious clinical diagnosis in such cases. The treatment in such cases is careful observation and prophylactic antibiotics for meningitis. Antibiotic coverage has traditionally included agents in the penicillin or cephalosporin classes.

Consultations

Otolaryngology should be consulted for chronic, recurrent, and suspected complicated cases of sinus squeeze. They will evaluate for surgically correctable anatomical abnormalities with various endoscopic techniques.

Deterrence and Patient Education

Advise patients to either avoid diving with active allergic rhinitis and upper respiratory infections or use prophylactical treatments such as decongestants like oxymetazoline spray and over-the-counter analgesics like NSAIDS.

Enhancing Healthcare Team Outcomes

Sinus squeeze is a relatively common problem in scuba divers. This problem is entirely preventable. Clinicians including the pharmacist and nurse should educate the diver on preventive methods. Preventative actions include avoiding diving with concurrent upper respiratory infection and/or active allergic rhinitis. Prophylactic oral decongestants such as oxymetazoline spray, pseudoephedrine, and topical intranasal glucocorticoids can also be used.

References

1.: Schipke JD, Lemaitre F, Cleveland S, Tetzlaff K. Effects of Breath-Hold Deep Diving on the Pulmonary System. Respiration. 2019;97(5):476-483. [PubMed: 30783070]
2.: Raymond KA, West B, Cooper JS. StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing; Treasure Island (FL): Jun 29, 2021. Diving Buoyancy. [PubMed: 29261960]
3.: Taylor DM, O’Toole KS, Ryan CM. Experienced scuba divers in Australia and the United States suffer considerable injury and morbidity. Wilderness Environ Med. 2003 Summer;14(2):83-8. [PubMed: 12825881]
4.: Smith DJ. Diagnosis and management of diving accidents. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1996 May;28(5):587-90. [PubMed: 9148088]
5.: Nguyen SA, Camilon MP, Schlosser RJ. Identification of microbial contaminants in sinus rinse squeeze bottles used by allergic rhinitis patients. World J Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2019 Mar;5(1):26-29. [PMC free article: PMC6364664] [PubMed: 30775698]
6.: Hubbard M, Davis FM, Malcolm K, Mitchell SJ. Decompression illness and other injuries in a recreational dive charter operation. Diving Hyperb Med. 2018 Dec 24;48(4):218-223. [PMC free article: PMC6355312] [PubMed: 30517953]
7.: Buzzacott P, Mease A. Pediatric and adolescent injury in aquatic adventure sports. Res Sports Med. 2018;26(sup1):20-37. [PubMed: 30431355]

How to Give Yourself a Sinus Massage

Clogged, congested sinuses can be annoying at best, but painful for some. Either way, you want relief and you want it fast. There’s nothing better than being able to breathe easily and passively through your nose — and we all know that we don’t appreciate that feeling until our sinuses are clogged. For many, all their sinuses need is a little stimulation in the form of a gentle massage. It’s easy to do at home and we’ve gathered a step-by-step guide for massaging all four of your sinuses for nasal congestion and headache relief.

Frontal Sinus Massage

Your frontal sinuses are located in the center of your forehead and right above each of your eyes. Here’s how to massage your frontal sinuses to breathe better and reduce sinus headaches:

Take both of your index and middle fingers and place them above your eyebrows, toward the middle of your forehead.
Slowly and gently massage outward in a circular motion, toward the temples.
Repeat this motion for about 30 seconds to a minute.

Maxillary Sinus Massage

Your maxillary sinuses are the largest and they are located on both sides of your nose and just below your cheeks. Here’s how to properly massage your maxillary sinuses to breathe better through your nose:

Place each of your index and middle fingers on either side of your nose, just between your cheekbones and upper jaw. Try using your thumbs instead of your index fingers for stronger pressure.
Gently massage this area using a circular motion.
Repeat for around 30 seconds to a minute.

Sphenoid and Ethmoid Sinus Massage

Your sphenoid sinuses are located behind your nose and right between your eyes, while the ethmoid sinuses are in the bone that divides your nasal cavity from your brain, so these two are quite close together. Here’s how to properly massage both your sphenoid and ethmoid sinuses to open up your sinuses, breathe better, and reduce sinus headaches in a pinch:

Take your index fingers and place them on the sides of your nose bridge.
Feel around for the area right between the corners of your eyes and your nasal bone.
Put slightly firm pressure on that spot with your index fingers for around 15 seconds.
Next, make a slow downward stroke down the side of your nose bridge.
Repeat steps three and four once or twice.

Optional Sinus Massage Tips

For any of the sinus massages you try, if you don’t feel like your sinuses are clear, feel free to repeat the massages every hour or so. Additionally, try out these optional tips for an even more soothing, relaxing, and effective sinus massage.

Place your hands on a heated-up microwavable hot pack or rub your hands together to warm them up a bit before massaging.
Lay down and place a microwavable hot pack on your forehead or under the back of your neck while you give yourself the sinus massages.
Add a drop of your favorite essential oils to your fingertips before massaging. Alternatively, try rubbing a drop of your favorite essential oil just below your nose (never inside) for a calming effect. Menthol-based oils like peppermint, eucalyptus, and spearmint work wonders for opening up your sinuses as their smell is a natural nasal decongestant.

Expert Sinus Treatment in Detroit, MI

If massaging doesn’t help, Detroit Sinus Center has the answers to all of your sinus problems. Our team of specialists can help relieve your congested sinuses no matter if they’ve been bugging you for a day or for years. We offer expert sinus treatment from nasal steroid spray and other prescriptions to balloon sinuplasty treatment and endoscopic sinus surgery. Contact us today to get in touch with one of our sinus specialists in Detroit and to schedule your appointment!

Relationship Between Your Sinuses and Teeth

This entry was posted on Monday, December 18th, 2017 and is filed under Blog by AENT Associates

You wake up from a night of restless sleep to a persistent pounding in your cheek and temples. As you move to sit up, your dull headache starts to sharpen, and before you know it, the pain has traveled down your jaw and up to your ear. Your teeth are throbbing, and the pain is intense.

When the pain doesn’t go away, you start to fear you have a larger dental problem on your hands.

Before you go running off to the dentist to check for cavities, you may want to eliminate sinus inflammation as the source of your problem.

What’s Going On?

Take stock of your tooth pain. If the pain is isolated to your upper teeth, and your back molars in particular, there is a good chance you are suffering from a sinus toothache.

Sinus toothaches are caused by swelling and mucus buildup in your sinuses, which puts pressure on the nerves that run to the roots of your top teeth. In other words, this isn’t a tooth issue – your toothache is merely an uncomfortable symptom of sinusitis.

What Is Sinusitis?

Sinusitis, commonly called a sinus infection, is an uncomfortable inflammation of your paranasal sinuses, the air cavities located in the face. The swelling of the maxillary sinuses is typically what causes sinus toothaches, as these are located in the cheek and nose area right above your top teeth.

There are two main types of sinusitis:

Acute sinusitis is short-term swelling of the nasal passages that many experience as a side effect of the common cold
Chronic sinusitis is long-term sinus inflammation lasting for 12 weeks or longer

Sinus infections come with a host of irritating symptoms. If you have any of the following, it may be time to seek treatment:

Sensitivity or pain in the cheekbones, nose, forehead and other parts of the face
Discolored mucus
Post-nasal drip, which can lead to throat irritation and a hoarse voice
Congestion that prevents easy breathing
Inability to smell or taste

What Causes Sinusitis?

Sinusitis can be caused by anything that could inflame the sensitive tissue of the sinuses, including:

Viral infections like the common cold
Respiratory infections
Allergies
Structural abnormalities and growths, like a deviated septum or nasal polyps
Pollutants like cigarette smoke
Complications with asthma

How Do I Fix the Problem?

To get rid of your sinus toothache, you’ll need to clear out the mucus and reduce the inflammation in your sinuses. Once the inflammation goes down, there won’t be any more pressure on the nerves leading to your teeth. It may be best to try one of these non-medical, and more affordable or even free solutions, prior to visiting your doctor or an urgent care clinic:

Sleep – Your body needs downtime to repair itself, especially if your sinus infection is the result of a cold. Be sure to keep your head elevated so you aren’t trapping mucus in your sinuses.
Hydrate – Drink plenty of fluids, like sugar-free juice and water, to hydrate your sinuses. Try to avoid coffee, as this can make symptoms worse.
Breathe in steam – Steam can open up your nasal passages and allow mucus to drain. Take a hot shower, breathe in the steam from a homecooked meal or sip some warm, caffeine-free tea. Do this a few times a day for the best results.
Apply compresses – Warm compresses and towels can be applied to the face to soothe pain.
Use saline rinses – It’s best to use distilled water, but you can also boil and purify tap water for the same effect. Then, flush your nose with a neti pot, nebulizer or another safe device.
Tweak your diet – Spicy foods like horseradish, garlic, black pepper and chili peppers can thin mucus. Certain spicy foods can make things worse, so proceed with caution. If you’re not a fan of spiciness, try peppermint.

Most of the time, a sinus infection will go away on its own. However, if your attempts to resolve the issue aren’t helping after a week or so, it may be time to consult a doctor. They may recommend one of the following medicines:

Expectorants loosen mucus up for better drainage.
Decongestants dry out your nasal passages. Don’t use these for more than a few days at a time, though, as your congestion may come back with a vengeance.
Antihistamines alleviate allergies. You may also require allergy injections if your allergies are more severe.
Corticosteroids reduce inflammation and can be taken as a nasal spray or injection.
Pain relievers can make your recovery process much more comfortable.
Antibiotics fight bacterial infections that won’t respond to other methods.

In some situations, an infected tooth leads to a sinus infection. If this is the case, you will need to see a dentist or oral surgeon. They can remove the infected tooth and prescribe any necessary medications to relieve your pain and sinus pressure.

Get Sinus Relief from Allergy & ENT Associates in Houston, TX

Sinusitis can be an extremely painful condition that can develop into a more serious medical issue if left untreated. If you’ve been suffering from a sinus toothache or sinusitis, seek treatment with the board-certified sinus treatment specialists at Allergy & ENT Associates. Whether your sinus issue is a result of allergies, asthma or structural problems, our sinus treatments can provide relief. Our services include surgical treatments like rhinoplasty, septoplasty and functional endoscopic sinus surgery. Call us at (713) MY-SINUS to schedule your appointment today!

Nasal and sinus cancer – NHS

Nasal and sinus cancer is a rare cancer that affects the nasal cavity (the space behind your nose) and the sinuses (small air-filled cavities inside your nose, cheekbones and forehead).

Nasal and sinus cancer is different from cancer of the area where the nose and throat connect.

This is called nasopharyngeal cancer.

Credit:

Information:

Coronavirus advice

Get advice about coronavirus and cancer:

Symptoms of nasal and sinus cancer

The most common symptoms of nasal and sinus cancer are:

a blocked nose that does not go awat and usually only affects 1 side
nosebleeds
a decreased sense of smell
mucus running from your nose – this can be bloody
mucus draining into the back of your nose and throat

These symptoms can be similar to more common and less serious conditions, such as a cold or sinusitis.

At a later stage, symptoms can include:

pain or numbness in the face, particularly in the upper cheek, that does not go away
swollen glands in the neck
partial loss of vision or double vision
a bulging eye
a watering eye that does not go away
pain or pressure in 1 ear
a persistent lump or growth on your face, nose or roof of your mouth

When to see a GP

See a GP if you notice any unusual or persistent symptoms.

It’s very unlikely they’ll be caused by nasal or sinus cancer, but it’s worth getting them checked out.

If a GP thinks you might need some tests to find out what’s causing your symptoms, you’ll usually be referred to an ear, nose and throat (ENT) consultant at a hospital.

Diagnosing nasal and sinus cancer

Tests you may have to help diagnose nasal and sinus cancer include:

a nasal endoscopy (nasoendoscopy) – where a long, thin, flexible tube with a camera and light at the end is inserted into your nose to examine the area; this can be uncomfortable, so before the procedure you’ll be asked whether you’d like anaesthetic sprayed on the back of your throat
a biopsy – where a small sample of tissue is removed and examined; this may be done during an endoscopy
a fine needle aspiration – where fluid and cells are taken from a lymph node using a needle to see if the cancer has spread

If you’re diagnosed with nasal and sinus cancer, you may have a CT scan, MRI scan, PET scan or ultrasound scan to help stage and grade the cancer.

The Cancer Research UK website has more information about the stages and grades of different types of nasal and sinus cancer.

Risk groups for nasal and sinus cancer

Several factors are known to increase the risk of developing nasal and sinus cancer.

These include:

prolonged exposure to certain substances through your work – including wood dust, leather dust, cloth fibres, nickel, chromium and formaldehyde
smoking – the more you smoke, the higher your risk of developing several types of cancer, including nasal and sinus cancer
human papillomavirus (HPV) – a group of viruses that affect the skin and moist membranes, such as the mouth and throat

The Cancer Research UK website has more information about the risks and causes of nasal and sinus cancer.

Treatments for nasal and sinus cancer

The treatment recommended for you will depend on several factors, including the stage at which the cancer was diagnosed, how far it’s spread, and your general level of health.

Treatment may include:

surgery to remove a tumour – this can be performed through open surgery or as keyhole surgery through the nose (endoscopic microsurgery)
radiotherapy – where high-energy radiation is used to kill the cancerous cells, shrink a tumour before surgery, or destroy small pieces of a tumour that may be left after surgery
chemotherapy – where medicine is used to help shrink or slow down the growth of a tumour, or reduce the risk of the cancer returning after surgery

If you smoke, it’s important that you give up.

Smoking increases your risk of cancer returning and may cause you to have more side effects from treatment.

Your treatment will be organised by a head and neck cancer multidisciplinary team (MDT), who’ll discuss the treatment options with you.

A combination of treatments will often be recommended.

The Cancer Research UK website has more information about the treatment of nasal and sinus cancer.

Outlook for nasal and sinus cancer

There are many different types of cancer that can affect the nasal cavity and sinuses.

The outlook varies, depending on the specific type of nasal and sinus cancer you have, its exact location, how far it’s spread before being diagnosed and treated, and your overall level of health and fitness.

The Cancer Research UK website has more information about the outlook for nasal and sinus cancer.

Help and support

Being diagnosed with nasal and sinus cancer can be a shock and may be difficult to come to terms with. Everyone reacts differently.

Talking about how you feel with your family and friends can be a big help.

But if you’re unable to talk with family or friends, other sources of help and support are available.

For example, Cancer Research UK has nurses you can speak to by calling 0808 800 4040 (freephone), 9am to 5pm, Monday to Friday.

Find out more

Page last reviewed: 03 December 2021
Next review due: 03 December 2024

SINUPRET – a time-tested effective remedy for the treatment of sinusitis

Infections of the upper respiratory tract, including sinusitis, are perhaps the most frequent reason for visiting local physicians and pediatricians in the autumn-winter period. Respiratory diseases rank first in the structure of the incidence of children.

Sinusitis, otitis media and tonsillopharyngitis predominate among upper respiratory tract infections. According to American researchers, 4.6% of all visits to a general practitioner are due to sinusitis (Lindbaek M. et al., 1996). Recently, there has been a tendency towards an increase in the incidence of sinusitis due to a decrease in local and general immunity, a deterioration of the environmental situation, the development of antibiotic-resistant strains of microorganisms (Zabolotny D.I. ta spivavt., 1997).

In 75% of cases, the protracted course of rhinitis in children is caused by sinusitis (Axelsson A. et al., 1970). An urgent problem is the treatment of latent forms of sinusitis in adults, which, according to some foreign authors, account for 57 to 86% of cases of inflammation of the paranasal sinuses (Otten F.W. A. et al., 1989)

In infections of the upper respiratory tract, the edematous mucous membrane of the nasal cavity closes the orifice of the paranasal sinus, as a result of which oxygen from the air located there is gradually absorbed by the cells of the sinus mucosa. Due to a decrease in pneumatization, negative pressure is created in the cavity of the nasal sinuses. This phenomenon promotes the release of the transudate into the sinus, which completely fills it. Transudate is a favorable environment for the development of microorganisms (mainly streptococci, pneumococci, staphylococci, quite often gram-negative bacilli, anaerobic bacteria, as well as viruses) penetrating through the orifice of the paranasal sinus from the nasopharynx, larynx, tonsil lacunae (especially in patients with chronic tonsillitis) and chronic tonsillitis T.e. A certain role in the development of sinusitis is played by thrombophlebitis of the venous vessels in the mucous membrane of the paranasal sinus. An inflammatory process develops in the blocked cavity, accompanied by hyperemia and edema of the mucous membrane, as well as the migration of lymphocytes to the focus of inflammation. An important role in the pathogenesis of inflammation of the paranasal sinuses is played by the accumulation of viscous secretion, which leads to an increase in pressure in the paranasal sinus and is the cause of pain. In addition, in every third or fourth child, sinusitis is complicated by the development of otitis media.

Therapy of acute and chronic sinusitis is based on the use of antibacterial, antihistamines, physiotherapy, topical effects on the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity and, if indicated, performing puncture of the maxillary sinuses. Antibacterial treatment of acute or exacerbation of chronic sinusitis should be carried out taking into account the results of a study of the sensitivity of the isolated pathogens to the antibiotic. It should be noted that recently, doubts have been expressed about the need for antibiotic therapy for all patients with inflammation of the paranasal sinuses, since in many cases catarrhal sinusitis can be caused by viruses, especially if they develop against the background of ARVI.Patients with latent forms of sinusitis also do not always require antibiotic therapy.

Treatment of both bacterial and viral sinusitis should be aimed at restoring adequate drainage of the sinuses, which provides an effective effect on a number of important links in the pathogenesis of the disease. It should be noted that the implementation of full drainage of the paranasal sinuses can be difficult due to their anatomical features. Steam inhalation, which causes vasoconstriction in the nasal mucosa and promotes drainage, is not always effective.Local use of vasoconstrictors, although effective, but their long-term use can lead to the development of side effects.

A number of specialists, as an alternative for the treatment of sinusitis, propose the use of combined naturopathic drugs based on medicinal plants. One of these combinations of medicinal herbs is part of the SINUPRET preparation (Table 1), which was developed by the German company Bionorica more than 60 years ago and has a long history of practical use.

Table 1

Composition of the preparation SINUPRET

Active ingredient	In 1 dragee (50 pieces per pack)	In 1 ml drops (50 or 100 ml in a bottle *)
Gentian Root Powder	6 mg	2 mg
Primrose flower powder with cups	18 mg	6 mg
Sorrel grass powder	18 mg	6 mg
Elderberry flower powder	18 mg	6 mg
Verbena Herb Powder	18 mg	6 mg

* SINUPRET drops contain 19 vol. % ethyl alcohol.

SINUPRET effectively regulates secretion and normalizes mucus viscosity, eliminates mucostasis and restores mucociliary clearance. A decrease in the viscosity of the secretion occurs due to the stimulation of the secretory cells of the mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract, which produce neutral mucopolysaccharides. SYNUPRET has an anti-edematous and anti-inflammatory effect on the mucous membrane, thus reducing edema in the area of the sinuses.

According to the results of numerous scientific studies, the drug restores the protective function of the epithelium.In addition, the primrose flowers and verbena herb included in the preparation have an antiviral effect (Marz R.W. et al., 1999; Table 2). The high efficiency of SINUPRET in combined treatment, including antibiotic therapy, has been proven (Schmidt W., 1975).

Table 2

Pharmacological properties of the active ingredients of SINUPRET

Action	Gentian root	Primrose flowers	Sorrel Grass	Elderberry flowers	Verbena Herb
Secretolytic	+	+	+	+	+
Elimination of bronchoconstriction	+	+		+	+
Anti-inflammatory			+
Immunomodulating			+
Antiviral		+			+

In addition to the treatment of sinusitis, the drug, due to its pronounced expectorant effect, is indicated for bronchitis and tracheitis – diseases accompanied by the formation of viscous sputum. In ENT practice, SINUPRET is also effective in the treatment of otitis media, adenoiditis, post-traumatic and postoperative edema in the area of the ENT organs.

On the basis of the otorhinolaryngology clinic of the National Medical University. A.A. Bogomolets conducted research on the therapeutic efficacy of SINUPRET in the treatment of patients with various forms of sinusitis, both in combination with antibacterial drugs and as monotherapy.

Group 1 consisted of 16 patients with acute purulent sinusitis, 8 with chronic purulent sinusitis, 9 with chronic polypus-purulent sinusitis.Patients of this group, along with the traditional (antibiotic therapy, decongestants, vasoconstrictor drugs, puncture of the paranasal sinuses, sinusotomy, polypotomy) therapy received SINUPRET.

The 2nd group included 6 patients with chronic polyposis sinusitis who took only SINUPRET in the postoperative period.

The control group consisted of 20 patients with sinusitis who did not receive the drug.

SINUPRET was administered orally, two pills 3 times a day for 8-16 days.

According to the results of the study, all 39 patients who took SINUPRET achieved a positive effect, compared with the control group, the duration of treatment was reduced.

In acute purulent sinusitis, the sinuses were sanitized on the 4-5th day, the composition of the discharge from the nasal cavity returned to normal on the 3rd day, the function of the ciliated epithelium recovered on the 7-8th, nasal breathing, according to rhinomanometry data, – on the 5-6th th day. In chronic purulent and polypous-purulent sinusitis, the sinuses were sanitized on the 6-7th day, the nasal discharge stopped on the 5th day, the improvement in the function of the ciliated epithelium was noted on the 8-10th day, the restoration of nasal breathing – on the 6-7th day. th day.As monotherapy, SINUPRET was administered to patients with polyposis sinusitis in the postoperative period. There were no complications caused by bacterial infection, inflammation in the nasal cavity disappeared on the 3-5th day after the removal of the tampons, the restoration of the mucous membrane function (mucociliary transport) was observed by the 8-10th day, the restoration of nasal breathing – by the 6th day. 7th day.

During the treatment with SYNUPRET, no side reactions, in particular allergic reactions, caused by individual intolerance to the drug, were detected.

In Germany, a double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted on the efficacy of SINUPRET tablet in combination with an antibiotic and vasoconstrictor nasal drops in the treatment of sinusitis. The results of the study indicate that within 14 days 64% of patients receiving auxiliary secretolytic therapy were completely cured, in 23.1% of cases there was an improvement. In the group of patients receiving placebo, respectively, 36.4 and 33.8%. There was a significant increase in the effectiveness of concomitant antibiotic therapy in the group of patients receiving SINUPRET (Neubauer N.and März R., 1990). Similar data were obtained in Russia.

There are no contraindications to the administration of the drug, with the exception of rare cases of hypersensitivity to medicinal plants that are part of the drug. Over the past 13 years, a total of 17 cases of intolerance have been described in the literature out of a total of 2561 examined, which is 0.66%. The drug is safe during pregnancy, provided that the dosage regimen is observed.

For children under 5 years of age, the drug is prescribed 10-15 drops orally 3 times a day, over 5 years old – 25 drops or 1 tablet 3 times a day, older children and adults – 50 drops or 2 tablets 3 once a day.Drops are taken undiluted, pills are swallowed without chewing, washed down with a little water.

Prof. Yu.V. Mitin,
Cand. honey. Sciences L.R. Dzhurko,
Department of Otorhinolaryngology
National Medical University named after A.A. Bogomolets, Kiev

90,000 symptoms and treatment in adults, a description of the disease and recommendations, which nasal spray to use for sinusitis

Among the dangerous complications, doctors distinguish:

meningitis – inflammation in the membranes of the brain or spinal cord;
otitis media – an inflammatory process in the ear;
pneumonia, acute bronchitis;
epidural or subdural abscess (focal accumulation of pus) of the brain;
sore throat, tonsillitis;
conjunctivitis, optic neuritis;
formation of blood clots in the vessels of the head;
blood poisoning.

Some of these conditions can be fatal.

Treatments

Conservative treatments for untreated sinusitis are aimed at fighting infection, pain and inflammation. It is imperative to restore the drainage of the sinuses, that is, to ensure the free flow of mucus. For this, vasoconstrictor drugs are used, for example, “Afrin”. They are able to eliminate swelling of the nasal mucosa, due to which the stagnant contents are gradually released.In parallel, the washing procedure is carried out. During it, the following can be used:

Sinus catheter YAMIK. The doctor creates negative pressure in the patient’s nasal cavity, as a result of which the purulent contents are pumped out. Then he injects an antibacterial solution. As a rule, about 3-5 such procedures are required for a complete recovery.
Suction-aspirator “Cuckoo”. First, the vessels of the nasal cavity are narrowed using a nasal spray, then the medicine is injected into one nasal passage, and through the second, it is sucked off with an aspirator.During the manipulation, the patient must say “cuckoo” all the time. After washing, drugs are injected into the sinuses.

“AFRIN®” against sinusitis

Nasal polyps, diagnosis and treatment of nasal polyps and paranasal sinuses in Moscow

{Anchor :: title (‘Treatment’)}

Endoscopic surgery of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses

The hospital uses low-traumatic microsurgical surgical interventions for endoscopic removal of neoplasms of the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses and nasopharynx.We perform effective removal of polyps of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses using endoscopic sinusotomy and endonasal polypoetmoidotomy.

Endoscopic sinusotomy

In particular, endoscopic sinusotomy – FESS (Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery) is performed on the paranasal sinuses. Endoscopic sinus surgery is performed under general anesthesia through the nasal passages, which means that the doctor inserts instruments into the paranasal sinuses without incisions.The surgeon removes pathologically hypertrophied areas of the mucous membrane and neoplasms, restores natural drainage. Accuracy of actions is ensured by visual control using a mini-video camera – the surgeon sees everything that happens on the monitor screen with a high magnification.

Endonasal polypoetmoidotomy

Modern technologies and equipment make it possible to remove neoplasms even in very hard-to-reach areas – in the ethmoid sinus and other paranasal sinuses without any incisions on the face, with access through the nose.

Endoscopic surgery of the paranasal sinuses and nasal cavity allows for treatment in a short time, ensure rapid rehabilitation of patients and an excellent cosmetic effect, as well as return a high quality of life – free breathing, and reduce the risk of degeneration of the formation into a malignant one. The use of general anesthesia with controlled hypotension minimizes the risk of bleeding, allows for the fastest and most accurate surgical intervention.

Our advantages

Experienced professionals. In the department of otorhinolaryngology of the Clinical Hospital on Yauza, specialists with extensive experience of more than 20 years are receiving appointments.
High technologies. Diagnostics and treatment of polyps of the nasal cavity and sinuses is carried out using modern high-tech (including endoscopic) equipment.
Aesthetic result. We carry out microsurgical low-traumatic surgical interventions with physiological access and no incisions.
Comfort. The procedures are painless for the patient and are performed under general anesthesia.
Innovation. In the postoperative period, instead of tamponing the nasal cavity, we use hemostatic sponges. This ensures the normalization of breathing immediately after the operation.
Fast recovery. Discharge from the hospital the next day after the intervention. The rehabilitation period is several times shorter than after operations performed in the traditional way.

You can look at prices for services in the price list or check the phone number indicated on the website.

How to treat sinusitis with antibiotics – Medical and Diagnostic Center Neuron (Taganrog)

Details: Author: LDC Neuron; Published: 10 November 2015

Sinusitis is an inflammation of the paranasal sinuses, which are located in the upper jaw.Lack of timely treatment can lead to serious complications.

How and how to treat sinusitis, what type of antibiotics to choose in this case?

Only a doctor can prescribe drugs for the treatment of sinusitis.

Causes

In most cases, sinusitis is a complication of a running cold or carious teeth. Less often, the disease is provoked by allergic reactions, oncological diseases and diseases of other ENT organs (otitis media, tonsillitis and others).Doctors associate the occurrence of sinusitis with previously transferred viral and infectious diseases (for example, influenza and measles). Many people believe that treating sinusitis with antibiotics is the only possible way to get rid of this disease.

But this is not entirely true. Today, doctors offer a lot of ways to treat sinusitis without the use of strong antibiotics. But first, you should take a closer look at the mechanism of the development of the disease. Violation of sinus drainage triggers an inflammatory process.The fact is that the sinuses of the upper jaw interact with the nasal cavity. Therefore, if the nasal mucosa becomes inflamed, then the lumen through which they communicate is narrowed, leading to congestion in the sinuses and inflammation of the mucous membranes of the maxillary cavities. Starting points in the development of sinusitis can be:

Inflammation of the nasal mucosa and coryza;
Features of the structure of the nasal cavity;
Curvature of the nasal septum due to trauma;
Diseases of the allergic and systemic type;
Tumor growth in the respiratory zone of the nasal cavity.

An infection that causes sinusitis can get into the nasal cavity in other ways: for example, through the blood, as well as from nearby foci of inflammation (carious teeth or periodontal disease, etc.).

Symptoms

The first thing that a patient experiences with sinusitis is discomfort in the nose. A person may experience a feeling of pressure in the bridge of the nose, headaches and soreness under the eyes and in the cheek area. It will be difficult for a non-specialist to distinguish the onset of sinusitis from the usual rhinitis.And although in both cases the picture is very similar, some distinguishing signs of sinusitis can still be distinguished:

Nasal congestion. Can be permanent or changing. The sense of smell also decreases, and when bending your head down, the pressure in the bridge of the nose increases;
Nasal discharge. With sinusitis, abundant purulent or transparent mucous discharge from the nasal cavity is observed. In exceptional cases (the sinuses are already filled with pus), they may be absent;
Headaches.Are caused by pressure in the nasal cavity and can be aggravated by tilting the head down;
Increased body temperature. In acute sinusitis, the temperature can rise to 38 degrees, but in a chronic process it remains at the subfebrile level;
Weakness and fatigue. Difficulty breathing in the nose and frequent pain can lead to insomnia, decreased appetite and bad mood.

If your general condition worsens, headaches intensify and become more frequent, as well as discomfort in the paranasal sinuses, you should immediately consult a doctor.A timely detected inflammatory process will avoid many complications and quickly resolve the issue of how to treat sinusitis and its symptoms.

Treatment

Many of those who have encountered such a problem are interested in how to treat sinusitis at home. Treatment of acute and chronic forms of this disease includes several directions. In this case, it is important not only to eliminate unpleasant symptoms, but also the very cause of the onset of the disease, as well as to prevent the occurrence of complications, relapses and chronicity of the process.

Preparations

The use of antibiotics is the most popular and effective way to combat sinusitis and its manifestations. It is advisable to treat sinusitis with antibiotics only in cases where the disease has a bacterial nature of origin. With allergies, viral or fungal infections, when sinusitis is mild, broad-spectrum antibacterial drugs can only exacerbate the inflammatory process.

The video below also presents traditional medicine for the treatment of sinusitis:

How modern specialists offer to treat sinusitis today? The following drugs are considered the most effective in this regard:

Penicillins.They have a small range of side effects, but they are powerless in severe inflammatory processes. This group includes: amoxicillin and ampicillin;
Cephalosporins. Effective in severe sinusitis, used in case of ineffectiveness of milder forms of antibiotics. Includes: ceftriaxone, cefuroxime, and cefotaxime;
Macrolides. Used for mycoplasma infection and for intolerance to penicillins. This group includes: zitrolide, macropen and clarithromycin.

ldc “Neuron”

Add comment

90,000 MRI of the nose – to do an MRI of the paranasal (maxillary) sinuses in Moscow at the clinic LDTsK

The maxillary or maxillary sinuses are one of the paired paranasal sinuses that need to be treated with special attention. Complications from their inflammation can affect neighboring organs, and this is the brain, eyes, and others. A modern, safe technique for accurate, informative diagnostics – MRI of the maxillary sinuses.

Features and diseases of the maxillary sinuses

They are located on the sides of the nose in the upper jaw, below the orbits. Inside is the mucous membrane and ciliated epithelium. The peculiarity of this area is that there are a small number of blood vessels and nerves, which is why diseases can go unnoticed for a long time. Functionally, they serve to ensure normal nasal breathing, protect the nasal cavity from pathogens, participate in the process of smell, speech formation, and regulate the pressure of the nasal cavity.

The main disease is sinusitis or inflammation of the maxillary sinuses. It affects the epithelial layer, bone walls and adjacent organs may be affected.

Indications for MRI of maxillary sinuses

When a patient contacts, the ENT doctor will carefully examine the nasal passages, listen to complaints, study the history of the disease, and prescribe diagnostic services.

Doctors will recommend an MRI examination of the brain and an MRI of the sinuses on an MRI at:

Head trauma, especially with internal bleeding.
Suspected tumors, neoplasms.
Vascular pathologies of the head.
Infectious diseases of the nervous system.
Unresponsive or frequent sinusitis, shortness of breath.
Headaches (especially in the forehead).
Visual and hearing impairment.
Foreign bodies in the nose or paranasal sinuses.

Due to the ability to perform magnetic resonance imaging several times, an MRI of the sinuses of the nose is done before and after surgery to assess the effectiveness of the course of treatment.

About the course of the procedure

Planned or urgent MRI of the maxillary sinuses is performed without prior preparation. The patient will need to lie down on the couch of the tomography machine, having removed all metal, electronic objects in advance. Jewelry, mobile phones, fasteners with iron components can be damaged during the examination and interfere with the operation of the tomograph. This is one of the contraindications for MRI. It is prohibited if the subject has fixed prostheses, devices inside the body.

The scanner must be kept completely still during operation. For this, the head is fixed with special soft devices. If the patient is unable not to move due to severe pain, nervous diseases, psychological disorders, then MRI of the maxillary sinuses is done in a state of drug sleep or replaced with other research methods.

The doctor may prescribe a tomography with contrast. A preparation based on gadolinium salts (Magnevist or analogs) is administered intravenously before examination.The substance disperses through the vessels, quickly accumulates in the tissues, making the images clearer. As a rule, the use of contrast is necessary to assess tumor formations, their localization, type, size, and other assessment parameters. The price of an MRI of the sinuses with contrast is more expensive, however, this is justified. Prohibitions for contrasting – pregnancy, lactation, renal failure.

The procedure time is no more than 30 minutes, after which it will take 1-2 hours for the doctors to prepare the results and conclusions.The patient receives printed images, in which the detected pathologies are most noticeable, or all the results of MRI of the maxillary sinuses are recorded on a disk (the price of the service is paid additionally).

MRI of maxillary sinuses in Moscow

Are you looking for where to go for high-quality and inexpensive diagnostics? The optimal choice is the Kutuzovskiy medical center. A modern multidisciplinary medical center is equipped with all the necessary equipment for any examinations and medical procedures. You can find out the cost of an MRI of the sinuses, make an appointment for a convenient time of the visit by calling the clinic: +7 (495) 021-01-76.We wish you good health!

90,000 Blowing your nose carries a terrible danger

Incorrect blowing of your nose can lead to sinusitis.

If a runny nose is a manifestation of an acute viral infection, blowing your nose allows you to cleanse the anterior parts of the nasal cavity.

But with a prolonged, complicated or chronic rhinitis, this method does not give proper cleansing, since mucus can form in the deep parts of the nasal cavity and nasopharynx, as well as drain from the paranasal sinuses, have a very thick consistency and collect in abundant quantities.vAs a result, frequent and strong blowing out can lead to a number of dangerous complications: the throwing of mucus into the middle ear (danger of otitis media), sinuses (sinusitis and sinusitis), irritation of the skin under the nose with subsequent infection, nosebleeds. Also, when blowing your nose during acute viral diseases, some of the mucus that enters the nasal cavity is capable of spreading the virus throughout the body, which can cause more serious diseases.

Blowing your nose in case of colds is very harmful, especially if, like the vast majority of people, it is wrong to do it.Blowing your nose using the traditional method – simultaneously from two nostrils – greatly increases the pressure in the nasal cavity. In addition, part of the sputum in this case enters the nasal sinuses, which is fraught with complications and greatly slows down the healing process.

Dr. Owen Hendley of the University of Virginia has done a number of studies using computed tomography of the brain. It turned out that when coughing and sneezing, the nasal cavities practically do not experience pressure. But when you blow your nose, it experiences tremendous pressure, which, according to scientists, is identical to the pressure indicators of patients with diastolic blood pressure.Doctors have found that blowing your nose increases the likelihood of bleeding by 6%. Sniffing is also not recommended – the infection can penetrate even deeper into the nasopharynx.

Even if the runny nose is very severe, it is recommended to simply wipe your nose with a handkerchief. You should use dry, preferably disposable handkerchiefs: the wet contents of a handkerchief are an ideal breeding ground for bacteria and viruses. In the most extreme case, you should get rid of mucus in the nasal cavity in the safest way: blowing out alternately from one and the other nostrils.In addition, you need to try to blow your nose effortlessly, slightly opening your mouth and not get carried away by their frequency.

Treatment should be carried out under the supervision of a physician, and vasoconstrictor drops should not be used frequently for the treatment of rhinitis. They have a number of contraindications, lead to drying out of the mucous membrane, the appearance of a persistent feeling of nasal congestion and are addictive. If you do not fight the condition that has appeared, then vasomotor rhinitis can develop into hypertrophic – the mucous membrane will increase and over time, the mucous membrane will begin to thin, and the vessels in the nose will stop responding to the action of medications.