Prevent uti after intercourse. Preventing UTIs After Intercourse: Expert Tips and Strategies

22.06.202311.06.2023 by alexxlab

How can you reduce the risk of urinary tract infections after sexual activity. What are the most effective methods for preventing UTIs in women. Why are females more susceptible to UTIs following intercourse. What lifestyle changes can help avoid recurring UTIs.

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Understanding Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs)

A urinary tract infection (UTI) is a bacterial infection that affects the urinary system, including the urethra, bladder, ureters, and kidneys. While UTIs can occur in any part of the urinary tract, they most commonly affect the bladder, a condition known as cystitis.

UTIs develop when bacteria, typically from the genital area, enter the urinary tract. This invasion can lead to infection and inflammation. Although urine itself is sterile, the surrounding genital region can harbor bacteria that may infiltrate the urinary system under certain circumstances.

UTI Prevalence and Risk Factors

UTIs are remarkably common, particularly among women. Research indicates that at least 50-60% of women will experience a UTI in their lifetime. While men have a lower risk of developing UTIs, they are not immune to these infections.

Several factors can increase the likelihood of developing a UTI:

Sexual activity
Female anatomy
History of recurrent UTIs
Urinary abnormalities
Menopause
Certain types of contraception
Family history

The Link Between Sexual Intercourse and UTIs

Sexual activity is a well-established risk factor for UTIs, particularly in women. Dr. Lakeisha Richardson, MD, OB-GYN, explains, “During sexual intercourse, thrusting can introduce bacteria up the urethra and into the bladder, increasing the risk of a UTI.”

Why are women more susceptible to UTIs from sexual activity? The answer lies in female anatomy:

Women have a shorter urethra compared to men, making it easier for bacteria to reach the bladder
The female urethra is closer to the anus, increasing the risk of bacterial transfer

It’s important to note that UTIs can result from various types of sexual activity, including oral sex, not just penetrative intercourse. Any sexual act that introduces bacteria to the urethra can potentially lead to an infection.

Effective Strategies for Preventing UTIs After Sex

While it may not be possible to completely eliminate the risk of UTIs, there are several strategies you can employ to significantly reduce your chances of developing an infection after sexual activity:

Urinate after sex: This helps flush out any bacteria that may have entered the urethra during intercourse
Stay hydrated: Drinking plenty of water helps dilute urine and increases urination frequency, which can help flush out bacteria
Practice good hygiene: Wash the genital area with warm water before and after sex
Reconsider certain contraceptives: Some methods, like diaphragms or spermicides, may increase UTI risk
Consider prophylactic antibiotics: For those with recurrent UTIs, a doctor may prescribe a single dose of antibiotics to be taken after intercourse

The Role of Anatomy in UTI Susceptibility

Understanding the anatomical factors that contribute to UTI risk can help in developing effective prevention strategies. Women are approximately eight times more likely to develop UTIs compared to men, primarily due to their anatomical structure.

Female Anatomy and UTI Risk

Several aspects of female anatomy contribute to increased UTI susceptibility:

Shorter urethra: The female urethra is only about 4 cm long, compared to the male urethra which is about 20 cm long
Proximity to anus: The female urethra’s close proximity to the anus increases the risk of bacterial contamination
Hormonal changes: Fluctuations in estrogen levels, particularly during menopause, can affect urinary tract health

Beyond Sex: Other UTI Risk Factors

While sexual activity is a significant risk factor for UTIs, it’s not the only contributor. Other factors that can increase UTI risk include:

Frequent, intense sexual intercourse
New sexual partners
Multiple pregnancies
Obesity
Diabetes
Weakened immune system
Urinary or genital abnormalities

Family history also plays a role in UTI susceptibility. Having a mother or sister with a history of frequent UTIs may increase your own risk, according to research from Harvard Health.

Recognizing UTI Symptoms

Early recognition of UTI symptoms is crucial for prompt treatment and prevention of complications. Common symptoms of a UTI include:

Frequent urge to urinate, often with little urine output
Burning sensation during urination
Cloudy or strong-smelling urine
Lower abdominal pain or discomfort
Feeling tired or shaky
Fever (in case of more severe infections)

If you experience these symptoms, especially after sexual activity, it’s important to consult a healthcare provider for proper diagnosis and treatment.

The Impact of Menopause on UTI Risk

Menopause brings significant changes to a woman’s body, including increased susceptibility to UTIs. Dr. Richardson notes, “Menopausal women with dry or atrophic tissue have a higher risk of getting a UTI.”

Why Does Menopause Increase UTI Risk?

Several factors contribute to the increased UTI risk during and after menopause:

Decreased estrogen levels: This can lead to thinning of the urethral lining, making it more vulnerable to bacterial invasion
Changes in vaginal pH: The postmenopausal vagina becomes less acidic, creating a more hospitable environment for harmful bacteria
Urinary incontinence: More common in postmenopausal women, this can increase the risk of bacterial growth
Pelvic organ prolapse: This condition, more prevalent after menopause, can affect urinary tract function

Strategies for Menopausal Women to Reduce UTI Risk

If you’re menopausal or postmenopausal, consider these additional strategies to reduce your UTI risk:

Discuss vaginal estrogen therapy with your doctor
Stay well-hydrated to maintain urinary tract health
Practice good hygiene, including wiping from front to back after using the toilet
Consider probiotic supplements to promote healthy vaginal flora
Avoid using harsh soaps or douches that can disrupt vaginal pH

The Role of Nutrition in UTI Prevention

While proper hygiene and sexual practices are crucial in preventing UTIs, nutrition also plays a significant role. Certain dietary choices can help strengthen your body’s natural defenses against urinary tract infections.

Beneficial Foods and Drinks for UTI Prevention

Consider incorporating these items into your diet to reduce UTI risk:

Cranberries and cranberry juice: Contains compounds that may prevent bacteria from adhering to the urinary tract
Probiotics: Found in yogurt and fermented foods, these can help maintain a healthy balance of bacteria
Vitamin C-rich foods: May increase urine acidity, creating an inhospitable environment for bacteria
Green tea: Contains antioxidants that may have antibacterial properties
Water: Staying hydrated helps flush bacteria from the urinary system

Foods and Drinks to Avoid

Some dietary choices may increase UTI risk or exacerbate symptoms:

Caffeine and alcohol: Can irritate the bladder and increase urination frequency
Sugary foods and drinks: May promote bacterial growth
Artificial sweeteners: Can irritate the bladder in some individuals
Spicy foods: May cause bladder irritation in susceptible individuals

The Importance of Proper Hygiene in UTI Prevention

Maintaining good hygiene practices is crucial in preventing UTIs, especially for sexually active individuals. Here are some key hygiene tips to incorporate into your routine:

Wipe from front to back after using the toilet to prevent bacterial transfer from the anal area to the urethra
Avoid using harsh soaps or douches in the genital area, as these can disrupt the natural bacterial balance
Wear breathable, cotton underwear to reduce moisture and bacterial growth
Change out of wet swimsuits or sweaty clothes promptly
Clean sex toys thoroughly before and after use
Consider using a pH-balanced intimate wash for the genital area

Hygiene During Sexual Activity

Specific hygiene practices during sexual activity can further reduce UTI risk:

Urinate before and after sexual intercourse
Clean the genital area with warm water before and after sex
Avoid switching between anal and vaginal intercourse without proper cleaning or changing condoms
Ensure hands and fingernails are clean before intimate contact

The Role of Contraceptives in UTI Risk

Certain types of contraceptives can influence UTI risk. Understanding these connections can help you make informed decisions about your birth control methods.

Contraceptives That May Increase UTI Risk

Some contraceptive methods have been associated with an increased risk of UTIs:

Diaphragms: Can press against the urethra, making it harder to fully empty the bladder
Spermicides: May alter the vaginal flora, potentially increasing susceptibility to UTIs
Certain types of birth control pills: May affect hormone levels, which can influence urinary tract health

Alternative Contraceptive Options

If you’re prone to UTIs and using one of the above methods, consider discussing these alternatives with your healthcare provider:

Intrauterine devices (IUDs)
Contraceptive implants
Condoms without spermicide
Hormonal patches or rings

Remember, the best contraceptive choice varies from person to person. Always consult with a healthcare professional to determine the most suitable option for your individual needs and health history.

When to Seek Medical Attention for UTIs

While many UTIs can be prevented through lifestyle measures, it’s crucial to know when to seek medical attention. Prompt treatment can prevent complications and provide relief from uncomfortable symptoms.

Signs That Indicate You Should See a Doctor

Consult a healthcare provider if you experience:

Persistent UTI symptoms that don’t improve after a few days
Blood in your urine
Fever or chills, which may indicate the infection has spread to the kidneys
Back pain, particularly in the lower back near the kidneys
Nausea or vomiting
Recurrent UTIs (three or more in a year)

Treatment Options for UTIs

UTIs are typically treated with antibiotics. The specific antibiotic and duration of treatment will depend on the severity of the infection and your medical history. In some cases, your doctor may recommend:

Short-course antibiotics (3-5 days)
Single-dose antibiotic treatment
Longer courses of antibiotics for complicated infections
Prophylactic antibiotics for those with recurrent UTIs

Always complete the full course of antibiotics as prescribed, even if symptoms improve before you finish the medication.

Emerging Research in UTI Prevention

As UTIs continue to be a significant health concern, researchers are exploring new prevention strategies and treatments. Some promising areas of research include:

Vaccine Development

Scientists are working on developing vaccines that could prevent UTIs by targeting the most common bacterial strains responsible for these infections. While still in the experimental stages, this approach could revolutionize UTI prevention in the future.

Probiotics and Prebiotics

Research is ongoing into the potential of probiotics and prebiotics to prevent UTIs by promoting a healthy balance of bacteria in the urogenital tract. Some studies have shown promising results, but more research is needed to establish definitive guidelines.

Novel Antibiotic Approaches

With concerns about antibiotic resistance on the rise, researchers are exploring new antibiotic delivery methods and alternative antimicrobial compounds to treat UTIs more effectively and with fewer side effects.

Biofilm Disruption

Some bacteria responsible for UTIs can form biofilms, making them more resistant to treatment. Research is underway to develop methods to disrupt these biofilms, potentially making infections easier to treat and prevent.

While these areas of research are exciting, it’s important to remember that they are still in development. Always rely on proven prevention methods and consult with healthcare professionals for current best practices in UTI prevention and treatment.

Risk Factors and Prevention Tips

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Risk Factors and Prevention Tips

We include products we think are useful for our readers. If you buy through links on this page, we may earn a small commission Here’s our process.

Healthline only shows you brands and products that we stand behind.

Our team thoroughly researches and evaluates the recommendations we make on our site. To establish that the product manufacturers addressed safety and efficacy standards, we:

Evaluate ingredients and composition: Do they have the potential to cause harm?
Fact-check all health claims: Do they align with the current body of scientific evidence?
Assess the brand: Does it operate with integrity and adhere to industry best practices?

We do the research so you can find trusted products for your health and wellness.

Approaches to prevention of recurrent urinary tract infections in non-pregnant women | Gamidov S.I., Shatylko T.V., Gasanov N.G.

The article describes methods for preventing recurrent urinary tract infections and compares them.

Introduction

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are infectious and inflammatory processes involving the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. Lower urinary tract infections, in which only the urethra and bladder are involved, may be asymptomatic, but quite often lead to the development of clinically significant diseases. Their manifestations can be frequent urination, pain during urination, discomfort and pain in the lower abdomen. Upper urinary tract infections (pyelonephritis) are more dangerous and in a large number of cases require treatment in a urological hospital. Recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) are those situations where the same pathogen causes more than 1 episode of UTI within 6 months. or more than 2 episodes of UTI within 1 year. RITIs are more common in women and can be as high as 40–50%. Most women experience at least one episode of UTI in their lifetime, with approximately 25% experiencing RITI within 6 months and less than 40% within 1 year [1]. The standard risk factors for URTI are a history of URTI, frequency of sexual intercourse, change of sexual partner, abnormal development of the urinary tract, menopause, and use of oral contraceptives. Estrogen deficiency in postmenopausal women affects not only the state of the genital tract, but also the mucous membrane of the urethra and bladder, which increases the risk of developing RITI. Other likely factors are obesity and a history of hysterectomy [2, 3].

Possibilities for the prevention of RITI

Despite the lack of a convincing evidence base, enhanced oral hydration is widely used in the management of patients with RUTI. Other measures recommended for patients to reduce the incidence of RITI are to go to the bathroom immediately and urinate when the urge occurs, and to urinate before and immediately after intercourse. In addition, methods such as low-dose antibiotic prophylaxis with different course durations, cranberry preparations, and estrogen therapy in women with atrophic vaginitis after menopause have been proposed. It is assumed that the likelihood of developing UTIs and RITIs is affected by the use of spermicides [4].

Long-term use of low-dose antimicrobials has traditionally been considered as a method of preventing URTIs [5, 6]. For this purpose, it is proposed to use nitrofurantoin (50–100 mg/day), ciprofloxacin (125 mg/day), trimethoprim (100 mg/day), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (40 mg/day / 200 mg/day) for 6 months. The effectiveness of the preventive action of these drugs is reassessed after 6-12 months. depending on the recurrence of symptoms and the detection of pathogenic flora in the urine [6–8]. In terms of non-drugs, the most popular among them are cranberry extract and D-mannose. The result of a meta-analysis by Z. Fu et al. speaks in favor of the use of tablets containing cranberry extract, but more high-quality studies are required for them [9]. Unfortunately, studies comparing drugs for the treatment of RUTIs are patchy and not of the highest quality methodology.

Antibacterial preparations

Chronic low-dose antimicrobials for the prevention of RUTIs may be beneficial. Without antibiotics, women are at risk of developing RITIs and upper urinary tract infections. For this purpose, you can use fosfomycin at a dose of 3 g monthly for 6 months. (for example, the drug Ecofomural). There are indications of the possibility of using fosfomycin at a dose of 3 g every 10 days [10]. In a study by E. Costantini et al. long-term prophylaxis regimens were compared with weekly administration of fosfomycin and fluoroquinolones (prulifloxacin; not registered in the Russian Federation), which had almost the same efficacy [11]. In a randomized placebo-controlled trial, N. Rudenko et al. In 317 patients, antibiotic prophylaxis with fosfomycin at a dose of 3 g every 10 days showed an excellent result in preventing recurrence of UTIs [12]. In women with postcoital cystitis who are not planned to undergo surgical treatment, postcoital antibiotic prophylaxis is justified [13].

Nitrofurantoin is a well-studied drug, the main advantage of which is the low likelihood of developing resistance [14]. In addition, it is almost completely excreted in the urine, which ensures the systemic specificity of its antimicrobial effects. J.R. Price et al. a 2016 review looked at 10 studies that assessed its effectiveness in preventing RUTIs [15]. The microbiological efficacy of nitrofurantoin turned out to be practically the same as when using other drugs (norfloxacin, trimethoprim, methenamine, cefaclor (not registered in the Russian Federation)). It should be noted that the analysis did not include data comparing nitrofurantoin with fosfomycin. The risk ratio (RR) for the development of adverse events compared with other drugs was 1.83 (95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.18-2.84), and these adverse events significantly more often led to the refusal of patients to continue taking nitrofurantoin (RR: 2.14; 95% CI: 1.29-3, 56).

Urological vaccines

One of the possible links in the pathogenesis of RITI is a dysfunction of the adaptive immune response, especially in relation to pathogen recognition [16]. Thus, the use of a vaccine to strengthen acquired immunity against uropathogenic bacteria may be a rational method of preventing RITI. The history of urological vaccines began quite a long time ago – H.T. Hicks at 1909 proposed to treat “pyelitis of pregnancy” vaccine against Escherichia coli [17]. However, the use of so-called “urological vaccines” even in modern conditions sometimes leaves much to be desired, which is due not least to the heterogeneity of uropathogenic strains. Some progress in creating a vaccine against uropathogenic Escherichia coli was achieved in experiments on animals devoted to the search for the molecular basis for the escape of Escherichia coli from immune surveillance by the bladder mucosa [18]. From 19In 1994, clinical studies on intravaginal vaccines in women with RIMP are ongoing [19, 20]. Women who received the vaginal vaccine had a longer relapse-free period than those who received a placebo. The use of vaginal vaccines led to an increase in the content of IgG and IgA in urine and vaginal mucus. Today, oral and parenteral urological vaccines are available that have moderate efficacy and a good safety profile [21]. They performed well in placebo-controlled trials, but reliable data on the comparative effectiveness of urological vaccines and antibacterial prophylaxis of RUTIs are not yet available.

Hormonal preparations

Three major risk factors for URTI in women of all ages have been identified: frequency of sexual intercourse, use of spermicides, and estrogen deficiency affecting the vaginal mucosa and periurethral structures [22].
Urination immediately after intercourse significantly reduces the likelihood of an infectious agent entering the bladder, although this pattern is difficult to control in scientific studies [23]. In the postmenopausal period, RITI is associated with estrogen deficiency, leading to a violation of the structure of the epithelium of the urethra, bladder and vagina, as well as to a change in the composition of the vaginal flora. A decrease in estrogen levels after menopause leads to a decrease in the thickness of the epithelium and a shift in the pH of the vaginal environment to the alkaline side, which, in turn, leads to a violation of the composition of the vaginal flora and predisposes to UTI [24]. Estrogen deficiency is also associated with an increased incidence of pelvic organ prolapse due to weakness of the endopelvic fascia and pelvic floor muscles [2]. It is claimed that topical application of an estrogen-containing cream for 2 weeks. reduces the risk of RIMP [22, 25]. This method has been used since 1980s and shows positive results. Two randomized controlled trials have shown that topical hormonal therapy reduces the incidence of UTIs, normalizes vaginal pH, and does not lead to serious unexpected side effects [26, 27]. It turned out that topical application of estrogens prevents the colonization of the vagina by enterobacteria. A meta-analysis of randomized trials confirmed these observations [28]. Curiously, the same meta-analysis showed that oral estrogens did not reduce the rate of recurrent UTIs and were much more likely to result in local and systemic side effects. Adverse events also occur with topical application of estrogen-containing drugs, but they are usually not severe. The most common of these is vaginal irritation, which occurs in up to 20% of women [29].].

Phytopreparations

Herbal medicines are often prescribed for the treatment of acute, chronic and recurrent UTIs, and although their effectiveness is not supported by a strong evidence base, they demonstrate their safety even with long-term use [30]. One commonly used herbal medicine ingredient to prevent UTIs is cranberries. Prevention of RIMP with cranberry extracts is considered by many experts as an alternative to long-term antibiotic prophylaxis. In one study, the incidence of UTI recurrence was lower in women who consumed 50 ml of cranberry and lingonberry juice concentrate per day for 6 months, although the mechanism of action of this phytotherapeutic agent remains unknown [9, 23]. It is assumed that the effect is due to the content of hippuric acid in cranberries, which has a bacteriostatic property. Another possible mechanism is the effect of cranberry proanthocyanins on E. coli fimbriae. Deactivation of fimbria leads to the separation of bacteria from the surface of the urothelium and an increase in bacterial clearance [31].

Also described is the combined prevention of RIMP with weekly administration of fosfomycin and the constant intake of herbal remedies. E. Frumenzio et al. reported on the mutual enhancement of the effect of the components of this scheme [32].

D-Mannose

D-mannose powder, which is a simple monosaccharide and is not considered a drug, is effective in preventing the development of RUTIs. This monosaccharide normally enters the body with plant foods, and can also be synthesized in it on its own. The chemical structure of D-mannose allows it to bind to mannose-sensitive fimbriae of E. coli , preventing their adhesion to the urinary tract mucosa [33]. The same property is responsible for the protective effect of the Tamm-Horsfall protein (uromodulin), whose molecules are associated with oligosaccharides containing D-mannose. B. Kranjcec et al. demonstrated that the effectiveness of this compound in the prevention of RITI is not inferior to the effectiveness of low doses of nitrofurantoin, while D-mannose is significantly superior in safety [34]. In a study by C. Genovese et al. the possibility of combined use of D-mannose with phytotherapeutic complexes was evaluated [35]. With cystitis, it is advisable to add sources of D-mannose to the diet. As a source of D-mannose, patients are recommended to take Ecocystin 1 sachet 1 rub./day with meals, dissolving the contents in half a glass of water. D-mannose (Ecocystin) helps to prolong the relapse-free period in patients with recurrent cystitis.

Probiotics

The genital flora of healthy premenopausal women is dominated by lactobacilli. In this regard, it has been suggested that the restoration of normal vaginal flora may have a protective effect on the development of UTIs [36]. A 1988 study showed that an intravaginal preparation of lactobacilli ( Lactobacillus casei GR-1 ) given twice a week extended relapse-free periods in women with UTI [37]. Randomized placebo-controlled trial in 100 women with a history of RUTI used Lactobacillus crispatus intravaginally every day for the first 5 days, and then weekly for 10 weeks. [38]. The recurrence rate of UTIs was much lower with the probiotic compared to the control group. Oral lactobacilli preparations have also been evaluated in clinical trials, but their role in preventing RUTIs has remained controversial [39, 40]. Despite certain prospects, probiotics have not yet conclusively confirmed their effectiveness in the prevention of RUTIs [41, 42]. Another interesting but unexplored way to prevent RIMP can be considered the use of combined preparations containing an antibiotic and a prebiotic, such as lactulose, which helps to maintain the population of lactobacilli in the intestine.

Comparative data for the prevention of RUTIs

Meta-analysis by S. Nallyah et al. showed that D-mannose was the most effective in preventing RUTs, fosfomycin (3 g 1 r./month) was in second place, and nitrofurantoin was in third place [13]. Fosfomycin is characterized by the widest range of adverse events compared to other drugs included in the analysis, but despite this, its tolerance was high: none of the patients dropped out of the studies, and compliance was 100%. Nitrofurantoin at a dose of 50 mg/day was less effective than fosfomycin and D-mannose. Common side effects associated with its use were nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and skin reactions. Reports of such phenomena as anaphylactic reactions, asthma-like bronchial hyperreactivity, pulmonary edema, drug fever, headache, dizziness, depression, hematological abnormalities and peripheral polyneuropathy cause alertness. Cranberry preparations were the least effective: their effectiveness exceeded that of placebo by only 1.39times (95% CI: 0.75–2.56). However, they were also characterized by the lowest frequency of adverse events.

Conclusion

Considering all factors, including efficacy and safety, it is most rational to use D-mannose, fosfomycin, and nitrofurantoin for long-term prevention of RIMP. Dietary supplements based on D-mannose seem to be optimal for the first line of prevention of RUTI in most women, given the minimum frequency of adverse events and the most physiological mechanism of action of this substance. However, given that the pathogenicity of some strains E. coli is caused by mannose-insensitive fimbriae, if this approach is ineffective, it is advisable to add fosfomycin 3 g monthly to the RIMP prevention regimen (for example, Ecofomural). In addition, single-dose fosfomycin is more appropriate for postcoital prophylaxis in women with postcoital cystitis who are not scheduled for surgery for any reason. Nitrofurantoin should be considered as a fallback for antibacterial prophylaxis, given its toxicity and somewhat lower efficacy compared to the above drugs. Comprehensive prevention of RIMP, in particular recurrent cystitis, is possible using a combination of fosfomycin (Ecofomural) and D-mannose (Ecocystin).

Postcoital cystitis – symptoms, signs, causes and treatment of cystitis after intimacy in women in Moscow in “SM-Clinic”

This disease is treated by Urologist

What is postcoital cystitis?
Causes of postcoital cystitis
Symptoms of postcoital cystitis
Diagnosis of postcoital cystitis
Treatment of postcoital cystitis
Prevention of postcoital cystitis
Questions and Answers
Expert opinion
Doctors

About disease

Cystitis after sexual intercourse affects mainly women. This is due to the anatomical and physiological features of the structure of the vesicourethral segment of the urinary tract in the fair sex. The urethra of women is much shorter than that of men, which means that an infection from the outside, entering the urethra, will quickly spread upwards, reach the bladder and initiate an inflammatory process there.

Symptoms of postcoital cystitis

The symptoms of cystitis after sex are quite bright and give the woman severe discomfort. She notes frequent urination, which becomes painful. The urge to go to the toilet “in a small way” appears more often than every hour, and the portion of urine excreted is very small. There may be imperative urges when you need to urgently run to the toilet, otherwise the urine starts to leak.

Women are also worried about false urge to urinate, when there is a desire to urinate, but it turns out to be ineffective. With severe inflammation in the last portion of urine, an admixture of blood appears.

The disease always begins acutely, while a causal relationship with sexual contact is clearly traced.

Causes of postcoital cystitis

Cystitis in women after intimacy is caused by the bacterial flora that is present in the vagina and easily penetrates the urethra, and then migrates to the bladder. Contribute to this structural features of the urethra and perineum, as well as obstetric and gynecological status:

short and wide urethra;
the close location of the external opening of the urethra relative to the anus and vagina, which are always seeded with opportunistic microorganisms;
congenital or acquired after childbirth hypermobility of the urethra;
frequent vulvovaginitis;
use of spermicides and vaginal diaphragms;
frequent change of sexual partners;
deficiency of female sex hormones;
immunodeficiencies (especially HIV infection).

In most cases, the cause of cystitis in women after intimacy becomes Escherichia coli, less often – the causative agents of sexually transmitted infections.

The penetration of the pathogen into the bladder causes acute inflammation, which, with frequent relapses of the disease and the lack of adequate treatment, transforms into chronic cystitis.

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If you experience these symptoms, we recommend that you make an appointment with your doctor. Timely consultation will prevent negative consequences for your health.

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Diagnosis of postcoital cystitis

If the above symptoms of postcoital cystitis appear, a woman should seek advice from a urologist. The doctor will listen to complaints, take an anamnesis (specify whether a woman often experiences discomfort after intercourse, what other diseases she suffers from), and conduct an objective examination. Palpation of the suprapubic region in most cases will be painful.

The main method of laboratory diagnostics is a general clinical analysis of urine, in which the following changes can be detected with cystitis:

increased level of leukocytes;
bacteria;
erythrocytes;
protein.

The diagnosis is confirmed by the first two indicators, the rest may be within normal values, but their presence indicates the severity of the inflammatory process.

To identify the pathogen, perform:

bacteriological culture of urine;
PCR study for sexual infections, with sampling of biomaterial from the urethra and cervical canal.

To clarify the diagnosis, the patient will be recommended an ultrasound of the kidneys and bladder.

Expert opinion

Postcoital cystitis gives a woman great discomfort, limits sexual activity. Against this background, conflicts arise in the family, the woman becomes irritable, nervous. She avoids intimacy in every possible way, which further aggravates the situation. If nothing is done, over time, chronic inflammation develops in the genitourinary organs, which is quite difficult to eliminate.

This “vicious circle” can be broken! The main thing is to contact a urologist or gynecologist as soon as possible and openly, without hesitation, talk about your complaints. Health issues can’t be uncomfortable. If there is a medical problem, it means that it needs a solution, and a specialist will help you with this.

Dmitry Gennadievich Kurbatov

Urologist-andrologist of the highest category, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor

Treatment of postcoital cystitis in women – principles and remedies

Traditionally, the basis for the treatment of cystitis after intimacy is urotropic antibacterial and antiseptic drugs. Postmenopausal women are recommended local estrogen preparations that can improve the condition of the vaginal epithelium, moisturize the mucous membrane and restore the microflora. However, such approaches to therapy do not always allow avoiding relapses, since they act only on the microorganisms that caused inflammation, and do not affect the state of the urethra – the entrance gate of infection.

The modern treatment of cystitis in women after intimacy is the use of fillers, in particular hyaluronic acid. The drug is injected into the submucosal layer of the urethra. The latter mechanically narrows due to the fact that hyaluronic acid is very hydrophilic – it attracts water molecules, thereby leading to an increase in volume. This physiologically blocks the entrance to the urethra and prevents the penetration of bacteria from the vagina through the urethra into the bladder.

Women with pelvic organ prolapse may be recommended for plastic surgery to restore the anatomy of the perineum. Only the correct location and unchanged structure of the urethra, vagina, bladder can resist infection.

Prevention of postcoital cystitis

To prevent postcoital cystitis in women, urologists recommend following the rules:

during sex, use high-quality condoms with enough lubrication;
abandon the use of spermicides and the vaginal diaphragm, which, as methods of contraception, are not suitable for postcoital cystitis;
before intimacy and immediately after it, perform an act of urination and hold a toilet for the external genital organs;
have sex only with a trusted partner, avoid promiscuity, especially without the use of contraceptives;
drink enough liquid.

Rehabilitation

In order to recover faster after suffering postcoital cystitis, you should carry out thorough hygiene of the external genitalia, follow the rules of safe sex, fully relax and eat a balanced diet. For the duration of the treatment of the disease, it is recommended to refrain from sexual activity in order to reduce the load on the tissues affected by the pathological process.

Questions and answers

Diagnosis and care is provided by a urologist or gynecologist.

This condition is most common in young girls who have recently begun to have sex. Therefore, the second name of the pathology is “honeymoon cystitis”.

This form of inflammation of the bladder is characterized by a close relationship between the onset of symptoms of the disease and sexual contact that has taken place. Symptoms are typical: pain and discomfort in the lower abdomen, frequent and painful micturition (urination), a feeling of incomplete emptying of the bladder, and even urinary incontinence.

Kulchavenya E. V. Bladder diseases (monograph) / E. V. Kulchavenya, A. I. Neimark. Yu. S. Kondratieva. – Germany : Palmarium Academium Publishing, 2013. – 140 p.

Prevention of recurrence of cystitis in women of reproductive age / E. V. Kulchavenya [et al.] // East Siberian Interregional Scientific and Practical Conf. urologists and nephrologists “Topical issues of urology and nephrology”: Sat. materials. — Krasnoyarsk, 2014 — S. 59–62.

Nanri M. Interstitial cystitis in urology clinic: current status and problems / M. Nanri, M. Nanri, K. Nanri // Nihon Hinyokika Gakkai Zasshi. – 2014. – Oct. — Vol. 105(4). – R. 178-82.

Diseases referred to Urologist

Prostate adenoma
Azoospermia
Renal amyloidosis
Angiolipoma of the kidney
Balanoposthitis
Varicocele
Vesiculitis
Human papillomavirus (HPV)
Inflammation of the kidneys (nephritis)
hydronephrosis
hydrocele
overactive bladder
hypogonadism
Glomerulonephritis
bladder diverticulum
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)
Urinary retention
Interstitial nephritis
Interstitial cystitis
Stones in the bladder
Stones in the ureter
Stones in the kidneys
kidney cyst
Cyst of the spermatic cord
Urachus cyst
warts
Short frenulum of the penis
cryptorchidism
cooperite
Leukoplakia of the bladder
Mycoplasmosis
urinary syndrome
Urolithiasis disease
male infertility
Urinary incontinence
neurogenic bladder
Nephroptosis (prolapsed kidney)
Nephrosclerosis
Tumors of the ureter
Bladder tumor
Testicular tumor
Kidney prolapse
Orchitis
Orchiepididymitis
Acute urinary retention
Acute glomerulonephritis
Acute pyelonephritis
Acute prostatitis
paranephritis
paraphimosis
Sand in the kidneys
Pyelitis
Pyelonephritis
Pyelectasis
Kidney damage
horseshoe kidney
Polycystic kidney disease
Urethral polyp
Renal colic
kidney failure
premature ejaculation
Prostatitis
bladder cancer
Cancer of the penis
kidney cancer
prostate cancer
urethral cancer
testicular cancer
Bladder fistula
Chronic pelvic pain syndrome
Sclerosis of the bladder neck
Urethral stricture
Bladder injury
penis injury
Trichomoniasis
Uremia
ureterocele
Urethritis
phimosis
Chlamydia
Chronic pyelonephritis
Chronic prostatitis
Chronic cystitis
Cystitis
cystitis (in women)
cystitis in men
Enuresis
Epididymitis
Erectile dysfunction

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Prevent uti after intercourse. Preventing UTIs After Intercourse: Expert Tips and Strategies

Understanding Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs)

UTI Prevalence and Risk Factors

The Link Between Sexual Intercourse and UTIs

Effective Strategies for Preventing UTIs After Sex

The Role of Anatomy in UTI Susceptibility

Female Anatomy and UTI Risk

Beyond Sex: Other UTI Risk Factors

Recognizing UTI Symptoms

The Impact of Menopause on UTI Risk

Why Does Menopause Increase UTI Risk?

Strategies for Menopausal Women to Reduce UTI Risk

The Role of Nutrition in UTI Prevention

Beneficial Foods and Drinks for UTI Prevention

Foods and Drinks to Avoid

The Importance of Proper Hygiene in UTI Prevention

Hygiene During Sexual Activity

The Role of Contraceptives in UTI Risk

Contraceptives That May Increase UTI Risk

Alternative Contraceptive Options

When to Seek Medical Attention for UTIs

Signs That Indicate You Should See a Doctor

Treatment Options for UTIs

Emerging Research in UTI Prevention

Vaccine Development

Probiotics and Prebiotics

Novel Antibiotic Approaches

Biofilm Disruption

Risk Factors and Prevention Tips

Risk Factors and Prevention Tips

Approaches to prevention of recurrent urinary tract infections in non-pregnant women | Gamidov S.I., Shatylko T.V., Gasanov N.G.

Introduction

Possibilities for the prevention of RITI

Antibacterial preparations

Urological vaccines

Hormonal preparations

Phytopreparations

Probiotics

Conclusion

Postcoital cystitis – symptoms, signs, causes and treatment of cystitis after intimacy in women in Moscow in “SM-Clinic”

About disease

Symptoms of postcoital cystitis

Causes of postcoital cystitis

Get advice

Why SM-Clinic?

Diagnosis of postcoital cystitis

Expert opinion

Treatment of postcoital cystitis in women – principles and remedies

Prevention of postcoital cystitis

Rehabilitation

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