What Causes Hypercalcemia? Here Are 6 Known Causes

If your doctor tells you that you have hypercalcemia, it means you have too much calcium in your blood. Some medical conditions can cause it. So can the kind of lifestyle you have, your genes, and certain medications.

You may not notice any symptoms if you have a mild case of hypercalcemia. But as your body tries to get rid of the extra calcium, you might pee a lot and get really thirsty. If your calcium levels are very high, you could get nervous system problems, including becoming confused and eventually unconscious.

You’ll usually find out that you have hypercalcemia through a blood test. If you don’t get it treated, high levels of calcium in your blood can lead to bone loss, kidney stones, kidney failure, and heart problems.

Your doctor can help you get your calcium levels back to normal and figure out why they’re out of whack in the first place.

Overactive Parathyroid Glands (Hyperparathyroidism)

Overactive parathyroid glands are the most common cause of hypercalcemia. When these glands are working right, they release parathyroid hormone (PTH) when your blood calcium levels get low. The release of this hormone helps your body absorb more calcium and lessens the amount you lose when you pee. It also pulls calcium from your bones and puts it into your blood.

But if you have overactive parathyroid glands, your body pumps out more PTH than you need. This can happen if they grow too big or a noncancerous tumor forms on one or more of your glands.

If hyperparathyroidism is the cause of your high calcium, you may also get:

You may not need treatment if you have mild hypercalcemia. But your doctor will monitor your health. Most likely, they’ll check your blood calcium and blood pressure every 6 months. And they’ll run tests on your kidneys once a year. You may need to get a bone density test every 1-3 years.

They may also tell you to:

You may need to take drugs called calcimimetics. They lower your PTH levels. In more serious cases, a surgeon may take out your parathyroid gland (or glands).

If your calcium levels are very high, you’ll need to go to the hospital to get fluids and medicine called diuretics through your veins. This can treat hypercalcemia fast.

Cancer

Around 10%-30% of people with cancer may get hypercalcemia. That’s because cancer can:

• Cause your bones to break down and send calcium into your blood
• Mimic your parathyroid hormone, which triggers the release of calcium from your bones
• Affect your kidneys, which can lower the amount of calcium you get rid of when you pee

The most common cancer types that cause hypercalcemia include:

• Lung cancer
• Kidney cancer
• Breast cancer
• Multiple myeloma (a blood cancer that starts in bone marrow)

Your cancer or the treatment you get for it can share symptoms with hypercalcemia, such as feeling sick or throwing up. If you get dehydrated, your kidneys can’t get rid of calcium very well. Your doctor may give you fluids through your vein.

Hypercalcemia from cancer can be hard to manage. It helps to treat your cancer. But you may need drugs to slow the release of calcium from your bones, including:

• Bisphosphonates — given through your veins
• Denosumab (Prolia, Xgeva) — as an injection

Supplements

If you take really high doses of vitamin A or D, you may absorb too much calcium. Overuse of calcium-containing antacids can also lead to hypercalcemia.

Your doctor will probably ask you to stop taking these supplements. If your vitamin D levels are really high, you may need to take steroid pills, like prednisone, for a short time.

Medication

Blood pressure drugs like thiazide diuretics can lower the amount of calcium that leaves your body when you pee. They may also make your parathyroid problems worse.

More than 20% of people who take lithium get hypercalcemia. Experts aren’t sure why this happens. They think it’s because the drug affects your parathyroid glands and the amount of PTH they make.

Your doctor may switch your medicine. If you need to stay on these drugs, they may give you medication to lower the amount of calcium in your blood.

Genetics

If you inherit a certain gene, your body misjudges how much calcium is in your blood. You’ll send out more PTH than you need. It happens if you have a condition called familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia (FHH). But in most cases, you won’t have any symptoms or need treatment.

Your doctor may want to monitor your health. It’s not common, but FHH can cause inflammation in your pancreas or calcium to build up in other parts of your body.

Less Common Causes

Health conditions. Lung diseases like tuberculosis and sarcoidosis can raise your blood levels of vitamin D. In turn, your gut will absorb more calcium. Paget’s disease and an overactive thyroid are also linked to hypercalcemia.

Inactivity. Your bones release calcium if you don’t put your body weight on them. This can happen if you’re paralyzed or you have another illness that keeps you in bed for a long time. Not getting enough exercise may also make hyperparathyroidism worse.

Serious dehydration. Your kidneys can’t get rid of calcium if you don’t have enough fluid in your body. An easy way to know if you’re dehydrated is to look at your urine. You want it to be light yellow, not a shade of dark orange. You should drink fluids until you’re not thirsty. Call a doctor if you have diarrhea or you throw up for a long time and can’t keep liquids down.

Excessive or Frequent Urination – Kidney and Urinary Tract Disorders

Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) in Children

By age 5, about 8% of girls and 1-2% of boys have had at least one urinary tract infection (UTI). Most children who have one UTI will not have another. Anatomic factors, toileting habits, constipation, and other factors may contribute to an elevated risk of reinfection. If your child develops recurrent UTIs—two, three or more infections—he or she may be referred to a pediatric urologist who will look for potential causes.

Testing for UTIs

Every child is different, and UTI symptoms vary depending on the child’s age. In babies, fever, fussiness, or tiredness may be the only signs of UTI. Older children may have fever, burning, frequent urination, lower abdominal pain, or back pain. Symptoms alone are not enough to diagnose a UTI. Most children who develop these symptoms have a different cause for them, such as a virus.  

Pediatricians check for bacteria in the urine with a culture test. The test must be properly collected (usually with a catheter) to produce reliable results. A child with bacteria in the urine but no symptoms does not have a UTI; he or she may have a condition called asymptomatic bacteriuria, which usually requires no treatment.   

To be diagnosed with a UTI, a child must have symptoms plus bacteria in the urine on a properly-collected culture. If a UTI is associated with high fever, it usually suggests an infection involving one or both kidneys.   

Causes of Recurrent UTIs

Recurrent UTIs are taken seriously, because the risk of health problems increases with each subsequent infection. Here are some of the potential causes:

Bladder & Bowel Problems

Many children hold urine too long, don’t relax fully when urinating , or don’t empty their bladder completely. Regular urination helps flush away bacteria; holding urine helps bacteria to grow. A child who doesn’t drink enough fluid may not make enough urine to flush away bacteria. This often goes hand in hand with bowel dysfunction such as constipation. These problems increase the risk of UTI. Sometimes, your pediatrician will request a voiding diary (a recording of daily urination and bowel movements) to help understand your child’s bathroom habits.

Urinary Tract Abnormalities

Children may have correctable bladder or kidney problems that contribute to UTIs including partial blockages, dilated segments, stones, or elevated bladder pressures. Your pediatrician may order an ultrasound of the kidneys and bladder to look for these issues. Depending on the ultrasound result, he or she may recommend more specialized tests.

Urine Reflux

Some children have backflow of urine from the bladder to kidneys, a congenital (present at birth) condition that can contribute to kidney infections. Urine reflux, together with infections, poses a threat to kidney health. If it’s infected with bacteria, it can lead to pyelonephritis (a urinary tract infection involving the kidney). Pediatric urologists may request a special x-ray called a voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG) to look for this condition. Sometimes reflux improves, or resolves altogether, as children grow up.

Treatment for Recurrent UTIs

Every child’s UTI treatment is individualized and based on the underlying cause of his or her UTI. To address bladder and bowel problems, for example, your pediatrician may recommend constipation treatment and scheduled bathroom trips. Preventative antibiotics are helpful in some patients with recurrent UTIs and urine reflux. Sometimes, urinary tract abnormalities are addressed with surgery. In many children with recurrent UTIs, no treatment is needed―only careful monitoring.

What are the long-term concerns for children with recurrent UTIs?

Most children who have multiple UTIs do not develop long-term health problems. However, repeated infections can cause kidney damage, or scarring. Not all children who have infections develop kidney scars. Sometimes, specialized scans are recommended to look for kidney scarring in children with a history of multiple UTIs. In a small percentage of cases, patients may develop chronic kidney disease or high blood pressure. Pediatric urologists do their best to help prevent these issues in children. Children who have a history of recurrent UTIs should have blood pressure checks and urine tests annually.

Will my child need preventative antibiotics?

Preventative  antibiotics can help reduce recurrent UTIs in some children. Children with bladder and bowel dysfunction, severe urine reflux, or urinary tract abnormalities may benefit the most. In children with a lower risk of additional infections, antibiotics may not be best, as they can reduce healthy bacteria and increase the risk that a future infection might be caused by a resistant strain.

Remember:

Recurrent UTIs are common in children, and there are many effective treatments available. Some simple things you can do to help prevent UTIs in your child include drinking lots of fluids, encouraging frequent urination, preventing constipation, keeping the genital area clean, wearing cotton underwear, and wiping from front to back after a bowel movement or urination. See Prevent Urinary Tract Infections in Children for more information and tips.

Additional Information from HealthyChildren.

org:

The information contained on this Web site should not be used as a substitute for the medical care and advice of your pediatrician. There may be variations in treatment that your pediatrician may recommend based on individual facts and circumstances.

Bladder and Bowel Incontinence

Incontinence is a loss of control of a person’s bowels or bladder which can cause accidental leakage of body fluids and waste. Incontinence can be more than a physical problem. It can disrupt your quality of life if it’s not managed well.

Fear, anxiety, and anger are common feelings for people dealing with incontinence. You may avoid being intimate or having sex because you are afraid of urine, gas, or stool leakage. Fear of having an accident may keep you from being physically active, enjoying hobbies, or spending extended time outside your home. 

Both men and women can have incontinence during and after surgery or some other treatments for cancer. Incontinence can also occur because of other non-cancer medical conditions. Be sure to talk to your health care team if you have difficulty controlling urination or bowels. Talking about incontinence can be embarrassing, but being open and honest with your health care team can help manage it.

Bladder incontinence

Having accidental loss, leaking, or dribbling of urine is called bladder or urinary incontinence.

People might describe bladder incontinence as:

• Accidental urine leakage that sometimes can dampens underwear or might be severe enough to saturate clothes
• Having a sense of urgency or unable to “hold urine”
• Frequent urination
• Pain or discomfort when urinating

People with cancer, especially those who have certain types of cancer or who are getting certain kinds of treatment, might have an increased risk for bladder incontinence because of factors such as:

• Tumor pressure in the spine or near the bladder
• Weakening of the muscles that control the bladder and bowels
• Radiation to the pelvis, abdominal (belly), or genital area
• Certain types of chemotherapy or targeted therapy
• Added pressure on the bladder from constipation or impacted stool (hardened stool that is stuck in the rectum and is difficult to move during a bowel movement)
• Nervous system disorders
• Urinary tract infection (also called UTI or bladder infection)
• Gastrointestinal tract obstruction (in the bowel or intestine that may also affect the bladder)
• Muscle weakness or lack of activity
• Bladder irritants like caffeine, alcohol, or tobacco
• Urine retention

Women and men can also have different risk factors that could lead to this problem.

Bladder incontinence in women

Bladder incontinence is more common in women than in men. Other than the possible causes listed above, some things that may increase risk of bladder incontinence in women are:

• Changes to urinary or vaginal tissue from hormone therapy, surgery, chemotherapy, or targeted therapy
• Hormonal changes from menopause
• Pelvic prolapse – the bladder, uterus, and or rectum may slip backward or downward into the vaginal canal because of weak pelvic wall muscles
• Pregnancy
• Vaginal childbirth
• Hysterectomy (surgical removal of the uterus)

Bladder incontinence in men

Other than the possible causes listed above, some things that may increase risk of bladder incontinence in men are:

• Prostate cancer or surgery
• Having an enlarged prostate (one condition is known as benign prostatic hyperplasia)

Types of bladder (urinary) incontinence

Not all types of bladder incontinence are the same. The most common types of incontinence are:

Stress incontinence

Stress incontinence happens when the muscle that squeezes the urethra to keep urine in the bladder is weak or damaged, if the nerves that help the muscle work have been damaged, or if there have been other changes to the muscle or the tissues around it due to surgery or treatment for cancer. (The urethra is the tube that carries urine from the bladder out of the penis or vagina)
. The muscle that squeezes to close it is called the urethral sphincter.

Stress incontinence may cause you to leak urine when you cough, laugh, sneeze, lift heavy objects, or exercise. You may sleep through the night without having to get up to go to the bathroom, but leak when you get up in the morning. Making a point of going to the bathroom more often is a way to handle stress incontinence.

Overflow incontinence

When the bladder has a hard time emptying like it should, and more urine is made than it can hold, it’s called overflow incontinence. Overflow incontinence is usually caused by a blockage or narrowing caused by scar tissue. It also may happen when the bladder muscle can’t squeeze well enough to get all the urine out.

Signs of overflow incontinence might be getting up often during the night to go to the bathroom, taking a long time to urinate, or having a weak, dribbling stream with little force. You might pass small amounts of urine but not feel empty. Or you may feel like you have to go to the bathroom but cannot. You might leak urine throughout the day.

Urge incontinence

Urge incontinence is also called overactive bladder. The bladder muscle contracts (squeezes) too often, usually suddenly and without warning, and you can’t control it. This can be caused by a bladder infection or irritation from radiation therapy.

In this type of incontinence, even a small amount of urine in the bladder can trigger a strong need to pass urine. Because you can’t hold a normal amount of urine, you go to the bathroom a lot and may wet yourself if you don’t get there right away. You might feel as if you have a weak bladder, or that liquids go right through you. You might even wet the bed at night.

Managing bladder or urinary incontinence

Sometimes urinary incontinence can last a short time, depending on what’s causing it. But sometimes incontinence can be long-term and uncomfortable, making some everyday activities difficult to manage.

Your health care team will ask you questions to determine the type of bladder incontinence you might have. Then, you might need tests to verify the type and learn the cause of it which will help them know the best way to manage it.

• Pelvic floor muscle strengthening may be recommended. A physical therapist that specializes in pelvic floor muscle exercises (Kegel exercises) can help. This might help muscle strength and bladder control get better by doing exercises that tighten and relax muscles that control the flow of urine.
• Bladder training can help manage how often you need to urinate throughout the day, by assigning certain time intervals to empty your bladder.

• Medicines to help the muscles of the bladder and the muscles that control urine flow. Most of these drugs affect either the muscles or the nerves that control them. They work best for urge incontinence.
• Surgery may be used to correct long-term incontinence. If there are blockages, they may be removed. Material such as collagen might be recommended and injected to tighten the muscle that controls urine flow. A small device called a urethral sling can be implanted to press the urethra against the pubic bone. For men, if incontinence doesn’t improve, an artificial muscle controlled by a scrotal pump might be an option and implanted to squeeze the urethra.
• Incontinence products, such as pads worn under your clothing, are available to help keep you active and comfortable. Adult briefs and undergarments are bulkier than pads but provide more protection. Bed pads or absorbent mattress covers can also be used to protect the bed linens and mattress. When choosing incontinence products, keep the questions below in mind. Some might not be important to you, or you might have others to add.
  • How much does the product hold or absorb?
  • How long will it protect me?
  • Can it be seen under my clothing?
  • Is it disposable? Reusable?
  • How does it feel when I move or sit down?
  • Which stores near me carry the products? Are they easy to get?
  • How much will it cost? Will my insurance help pay for these products?

Bowel incontinence

Having accidental stool or gas leakage is bowel incontinence (also known as fecal incontinence). Bowel incontinence can be caused by weak pelvic floor muscles from surgery, other trauma that causes muscle injury, nerve damage, or different medical conditions. People who have bowel incontinence might not have an urge to pass gas or stool, or might not be able to reach the toilet in time.  

People might describe bowel incontinence as:

• Being unable to control gas or stool.
• An urge to move your bowels before it happens.
• Leaking liquid stool or mucus, also known as soiling.

Both men and women with cancer, especially those who have certain types of cancer or who are getting certain kinds of treatment, might have an increased risk for bowel incontinence because of factors such as:

• Tumor pressure in the spine or near the bladder
• Weakening of the muscles that control the bladder and bowel
• Radiation to the pelvic, abdominal (belly), rectal, or genital area
• Surgery
• Constipation
• Diarrhea
• Stress
• Irritable bowel syndrome
• Hemorrhoids
• Rectal prolapse (the rectum, part of the large intestine, protrudes through the anus often because of weak pelvic muscles)
• Diabetes that isn’t controlled
• Nervous system disorders like stroke, spinal cord injury, dementia, Parkinson’s disease, or multiple sclerosis
• Certain medications, vitamins, or nutritional supplements

For women, a common risk factor for women is vaginal childbirth, which stretches pelvic muscles, tissues in the vagina , and the anal sphincter (this muscle controls the movement of gas and stool in the body).

Managing bowel incontinence

Testing for bowel incontinence can be done with lab tests, endoscopy, x-ray, MRI, or ultrasound. Doctors may also use muscle strength or nerve testing (bowel function tests) or digital rectal exam. In women, a pelvic exam may be used. Your health care team may also ask about your symptoms, medical history, medication and diet (alcohol or tobacco use, or if certain foods make your incontinence worse).

• Surgery (sphincteroplasty) can be used to improve bowel incontinence. It reconnects any anal sphincter tears that may have occurred from vaginal childbirth or from other injuries that may have occurred in a man or woman’s genital or urinary area. Other surgery might be done to treat other medical conditions that affect bowel incontinence: hemorrhoids or rectal prolapse.
• Medications can be prescribed by your cancer care team or they may suggest over-the-counter medications like loperamide (Imodium) or bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol, Kaopectate) if you have diarrhea. If you are constipated, laxatives, stool softeners, or fiber supplements (Metamucil or Citrucel) may improve your fecal incontinence. If over-the-counter medications don’t help your symptoms, your cancer care team may prescribe stronger medications that are commonly used for other bowel conditions (irritable bowel syndrome, Crohn’s disease, and ulcerative colitis).
• Diet changes monitored by a daily food and drink journal can keep track of what type of foods may be causing your symptoms and how to choose different options that may be right for you. Your doctor may refer you to a dietitian or nutritionist as needed.
• A bowel care plan is a daily training method that helps regulates your bowel movements by helping you to remember to move your bowels at the same time every day. Trying to eat at the same time every day also helps. You may see an improvement after a few weeks or months.
• Pelvic floor muscle strengthening may be recommended by a physical therapist that specializes in pelvic floor muscle exercises (Kegel exercises). This type of exercise will help increase muscle strength and bowel and gas control through tightening and relaxing your pelvic area, anus, and rectum.

Living with bowel incontinence

You can help manage bowel incontinence by following a bowel care plan and using the toilet before you leave home. You can also make sure you carry your medications, supplies, fecal deodorants, and a change of clothes with you.

Anal discomfort, itching, and irritation can be common. Here are some ways to help manage these symptoms:

• Wash the anal area after a bowel movement or use baby wipes.
• Use a moisture-barrier cream in the anal area.
• Use wick pads or disposable underwear.
• Change soiled underwear frequently to keep the anal area clean and dry.

Living with bowel or bladder incontinence

There is no single, right way to cope with bladder or bowel incontinence. The challenge is to find what is best for your situation, so you can get the help you need and return to a normal daily life. Talk with your health care team if you notice a change in bowel or bladder habits, and about the best ways to manage incontinence, if it is a problem. You might find it helpful to talk with other people who are dealing with incontinence, too. Ask a member of your cancer care team about support groups in your area.

Here are some things you can do that may help make incontinence less of a problem:

• Empty your bladder every 3 to 4 hours while awake, to avoid accidents.
• Empty your bladder before bedtime or before strenuous activity.
• Limit drinks with caffeine, or and avoid alcohol and citrus juices, which can irritate the bladder and make you have to go more often.
• Avoid hygiene products that may irritate you (perfumed soaps, scented lotions, powder, toilet wipes with alcohol) Women should avoid feminine spray or over-the-counter vaginal suppositories.
• Because belly fat can push on the bladder, avoiding weight gain or losing needed weight sometimes helps improve bladder control.
• Avoid tobacco use which can cause coughing and bladder irritation due to harmful substances in tobacco products.
• Talk to your doctor about all medicines, vitamins, herbs, and supplements you’re taking. Some may affect urine control.

What the caregiver can do

• Encourage or help the patient with appropriate skin care after using the bathroom. Use warm water and pat the area dry.
• Help the patient keep a diary that records specific foods or drinks that may affect how frequently the patient goes to the bathroom.
• Help the patient maintain a bladder or bowel plan.
• Encourage the patient to go to the bathroom at consistent time frames during the day, like after a meal.
• Encourage regular daily exercise, as permitted by the health care team.

Call the cancer care team if the patient

• Has any cramping, discomfort, or pain when going to the bathroom.
• Has any skin changes or irritation such as redness, bleeding, sores, or swelling.
• Has constipation or diarrhea.

How to stop a constant urge to pee

Mind your pees and queues

AkaMisery explained that she felt a constant pressure like she had to pee. As soon as she emptied her bladder, the feeling built up again. There was no burning, her urine was a normal colour and there was no smell. This sort of symptom can have lots of causes. Urine infections and sexually transmitted infections head the list, followed by bladder conditions such as stones and – rarely – tumours. AkaMisery had lots of tests to rule out these conditions and did the rounds of various doctors who she really didn’t find very helpful. 

Middlechild79 posted on the board that she had had similar symptoms and wondered if the problem was overactive bladder (OAB). I agree that – having ruled out other causes – it’s very likely that this is the diagnosis.

OAB occurs when the bladder squeezes (contracts) suddenly without you having control and when the bladder is not full. It’s sometimes called an irritable bladder or detrusor instability (detrusor is the medical name for the bladder muscle). OAB can cause major disruption to a person’s life. Simple activities, such as going out, shopping or queuing, can become a nightmare.

OAB can occur after a stroke, with Parkinson’s disease, in multiple sclerosis or after a spinal injury. However, in most cases no cause can be found. It’s then called overactive bladder syndrome.

Don’t stop me now

OAB is not an easy condition to treat. A person who has developed the habit of emptying their bladder frequently may become locked into the idea that unless they keep doing so, they will ‘have an accident’.  However, there are many different options, and it’s often a question of trial and error. Looking at things you can change in your life (often given the grandiose title ‘Lifestyle measures’ in patient leaflets) is the first port of call.

OAB sometimes starts with an episode where access to a toilet is difficult. Clivealive posted that his started when he was in hospital for a lung biopsy, ‘anchored to the bed with drainage tubes’, and urine bottles weren’t readily available. So make sure that access to the toilet is as easy as possible. If you have mobility problems, this might involve handrails, raising the seat or using a commode at night.

Cutting down on caffeine is another self-help option. Remember that it can be found in cola and some painkillers, as well as in tea and coffee. Trying cutting it out completely for a week and see if it makes any difference. If it does you might want to consider giving it up completely, cutting down, or just reserving it for ‘special occasions’ like a meal in a restaurant where you know a toilet is nearby. The same approach can be taken for alcohol, which some people find aggravates their OAB.

Opinions varied on the forum as to how much was the ‘right’ amount of water to drink. NMK said they drank a ‘good amount’ of water. AkaMisery was worried about getting dehydrated but felt that increasing her water intake made her symptoms worse. Middlechild79 concluded that it was a balancing game. This is closest to the received wisdom from the experts. You need to drink enough water to stop concentrated urine from irritating the bladder, whilst not going overboard on the amount the bladder has to cope with. Aim to drink what you would normally drink, but increase it in hot weather. It’s what feels right for you that counts.

Don’t go ‘just in case’

AkaMisery got into the habit of going to the toilet ‘just in case’. Clearly, other posters had got into the habit of emptying their bladders more often than they needed to. Jstinst14 was going 10-15 times a day and NMK could easily go 30-50 times a day. Some people believe that keeping the bladder empty will stop OAB symptoms from getting worse. The reverse is true. As with any muscle, if you don’t exercise it, it will get weaker. If you don’t allow the bladder to stretch from time to time it will become over-sensitive, so if you go out and need to hang on, symptoms will be worse than ever.

Just hang on to what you’ve got

This brings me to the subject of bladder retraining.This basically involves keeping a diary for 2-3 days of when you pee and how much urine you pass. You then try to hang on for as long as possible between trips to the toilet. Keep going with the diary which should show that you are going less frequently but passing larger quantities of urine each time. The aim is to go every 3-4 hours. You need to keep up the training for several weeks  The expectation is that after a few months your bladder emptying frequency will be no different from anybody else’s.

Bladder retraining requires persistence and commitment. AkaMisery didn’t find it helpful to start with, but after encouragement from Middlechild79 she took it up again. It’s best done with the encouragement and support of a continence advisor, doctor or nurse. More details of this method can be found in our overactive bladder leaflet.

A pill for every ill

Inevitably, our forum posters have tried a variety of medication for their condition. Middlechild79 was started on oxybutynin, which belongs to a group of medicines called antimuscarinics. These work by blocking some of the nerves to the bladder, relaxing the bladder muscle and increasing capacity. OABgal has tried solifenacin and mentioned tolterodine, which also belong to this group. Anne88137 found the antidepressant amitriptyline helped her get through the night, but this is more likely to be due to its sedative effect than anything else. Mirabegron is a more recent medicine that has become available. It works in a different way to antimuscarinics but also relaxes the bladder muscle.

Accentuate the positive

Forum posters have pursued a bewildering array of other treatments in order to control their symptoms. The good news is that quite a few of them have been successful, although it has taken a long time – sometimes years – to achieve their objective. Middlechild79 has tried botulinum toxin A injections and stimulation of the nerves to the bladder, using electrodes. Surgery to increase the size of the bladder or divert the urine flow are other options.

My advice to you is to do your own research into the pros (of which there are many) and cons (of which there may also be many, although most are temporary) and then have an informed chat with your GP. Middlechild79 points out that If you need a referral to a specialist, try to be referred to a consultant who specialises in the management of OAB. Not all urologist or gynaecologists do.

Finally, it’s important to remain positive. As with many other long-term conditions, you can get stressed out from time to time about your symptoms which can make the problem worse. Objective input from a cognitive behavioural therapist or other psychological support, can help to break this deadlock.

Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections and Related Conditions (for Parents)

What Are UTIs?

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) happen when bacteria (germs) get into the kidneys, ureters, bladder, or urethra. UTIs are common in kids, especially girls and uncircumcised boys.

What Are Recurrent UTIs?

Some kids get UTIs again and again — these are called recurrent UTIs. If not treated, recurrent UTIs can cause kidney damage, especially in kids younger than 6. So it’s important to know how to recognize the signs of these infections and get help for your child.

What Are the Signs & Symptoms of UTIs?

Symptoms of a UTI can include:

• pain when peeing
• changes in frequency of urination
• changes in appearance or smell of pee
• fever
• chills
• loss of appetite
• nausea
• vomiting
• lower abdominal pain
• lower back pain or discomfort

UTIs also can cause kids to wet their pants or the bed, even if they haven’t had these problems before. Infants and very young children may only show nonspecific signs, such as fever, vomiting, or decreased appetite or activity.

Types of UTIs

Common types of UTIs include:

• cystitis: this bladder infection is the most common type of UTI. Cystitis occurs when bacteria move up the urethra (the tube-like structure that allows urine to exit the body from the bladder) and into the bladder
• urethritis: when bacteria infect the urethra
• pyelonephritis: a kidney infection caused by infected urine flowing backward from the bladder into the kidneys or an infection in the bloodstream reaching the kidneys

What Conditions Are Related to Recurrent UTIs?

Recurrent UTIs sometimes happen along with other conditions, such as:

• vesicoureteral reflux (VUR), which is found in 30%–50% of kids diagnosed with a UTI. In this congenital (present at birth) condition, pee flows backward from the bladder to the ureters. Ureters are thin, tube-like structures that carry pee from the kidney to the bladder. Sometimes the pee backs up to the kidneys. If it’s infected with bacteria, it can lead to pyelonephritis.
• hydronephrosis, which is an enlargement of one or both kidneys due to backup or blockage of urine flow. It’s usually caused by severe VUR or a blocked ureter. Some kids with hydronephrosis might need to take daily low doses of antibiotics to prevent UTIs until the condition producing hydronephrosis gets better or is fixed through surgery.

But not all cases of recurrent UTIs can be traced back to these body structure-related problems. For example, dysfunctional voiding — when a child doesn’t relax the muscles properly while peeing — is a common cause of UTIs. Not peeing often enough (infrequent urination) also can also increase a child’s risk for recurrent infections. Both dysfunctional voiding and infrequent urination can be associated with constipation.

Rarely, unrelated conditions that harm the body’s natural defenses, such as diseases of the immune system, also can lead to recurrent UTIs. Use of a nonsterile urinary catheter can introduce bacteria into the urinary tract and also cause an infection.

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How Are Urinary Abnormalities Diagnosed?

Although UTIs can be treated with antibiotics, it’s important for a doctor to rule out any underlying abnormalities in the urinary system when UTIs happen repeatedly. Kids with recurrent infections should see a pediatric urologist to see what is causing the infections.

Some problems can be found even before birth. Hydronephrosis that develops before birth can be detected in a fetus by ultrasound as early as 16 weeks. In rare cases, doctors may consider neonatal surgery (performing surgery on an unborn baby) if hydronephrosis affects both kidneys and poses a risk to the fetus. Most of the time, though, doctors wait until after birth to treat the condition, because almost half of all cases diagnosed prenatally disappear by the time a baby is born.

Once a baby suspected to have hydronephrosis or another urinary system abnormality is born, the baby’s blood pressure will be monitored carefully, because some kidney problems can cause high blood pressure. An ultrasound may be used again to get a closer look at the bladder and kidneys. If the condition appears to be affecting both kidneys, doctors usually will order blood tests to measure kidney function.

Testing

If an abnormality of the urinary tract is suspected, doctors might order tests to make an accurate diagnosis, including:

Ultrasound
Using high-frequency sound waves to “echo,” or bounce, off the body and create a picture of it, an ultrasound can detect some abnormalities in the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. It can also measure the size and shape of the kidneys.

When an ultrasound points to VUR or hydronephrosis, a renal scan or voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG) might give doctors a better idea of what’s going on.

Renal scan (nuclear scan)
Radioactive material is injected into a vein and followed through the urinary tract. The material can show the shape of the kidneys, how well they function, if there is damaged kidney tissue, and the course of the urine. A small amount of radiation is received during the test and leaves the body in the urine.

Voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG or cystogram)
A catheter (a hollow, soft tube) is used to inject an opaque dye into the bladder. This X-ray test can diagnose VUR and identify problems with the bladder or urethra.

Cystoscopy
A cystoscope uses lenses and a light source within a tube inserted through the urethra to directly view the inside of the bladder. It’s used when other tests or symptoms indicate a possible bladder abnormality.

Intravenous pyelogram
Opaque dye is injected into a vein, and then X-rays are taken to follow the course of the dye through the urinary system. Although this test is still used sometimes, the renal MRI and renal scan have replaced intravenous pyelogram in most cases.

Magnetic resonance urography (MR-U)
This procedure, which makes a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan of the urinary tract without the use of dyes or radioactive materials, has been shown to be as accurate as other scans and is now typically done in place of an intravenous pyelogram.

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How Are Recurrent UTIs Treated?

Treatment for recurrent UTIs depends on what’s causing them in the first place. Sometimes the answer is as simple as teaching a child to empty the bladder as soon as he or she has the urge to go.

If a condition like VUR is causing the infections, the solution is a bit more complicated. Kids with VUR must be watched closely, because the condition can lead to kidney infection (pyelonephritis) and kidney damage. Usually, surgery isn’t necessary because many kids outgrow the condition.

Some kids with VUR benefit from daily treatment with a small amount of antibiotics, which can also make surgery unnecessary. Kids with VUR should see a pediatric urologist, who can decide if antibiotic treatment is the best option.

In some cases, surgery is needed to correct VUR. The most common procedure is ureteral reimplantation, in which one or both of the ureters are repositioned to correct the backflow of urine from the bladder. This can be done through a small incision. The success rate for this surgery is high, although not everyone is a good candidate for it.

Kids may be candidates for ureteral reimplantation if they:

• have an intolerance to antibiotics
• get recurrent infections while on antibiotic treatment
• have severe, or “high-grade,” reflux
• are older kids and teens with reflux

An alternative to ureteral reimplantation is endoscopic injection of a material to block the entry of the ureter into the bladder and prevent VUR. In this procedure, a narrow tube called an endoscope is inserted through the urethra into the bladder. The endoscope has a tiny camera at the tip, so the surgeon can guide it to the proper location and inject the material, which helps keep pee from refluxing back into the kidneys. Endoscopic injection is less invasive than surgery, but the results are not as good. A pediatric urologist can help families decide the best treatment for a child with VUR.

Kids who have recurrent infections that are not caused by anatomical defects or other treatable problems may be prescribed antibiotics for months or even years to prevent recurrent infections. This treatment is known as continuous antibiotic prophylaxis.

The Future for Managing Recurrent UTIs

Recent studies have found that women and kids who get recurrent UTIs may lack certain immunoglobins (a group of proteins that fight infections). Some researchers are optimistic that a vaccine may be developed to help boost production of antibodies that fight UTIs. A promising vaccine that would protect against E. coli (the most common bacterium that causes UTIs) is being tested.

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How Can I Help My Child?

At home, these things can help prevent recurrent UTIs in kids:

Drinking Fluids
Encourage kids to drink 8 to 10 glasses of water and other fluids each day. Cranberry juice and cranberry extract are often suggested because they may prevent E. coli from attaching to the walls of the bladder. Always ask your doctor, though, if your child should drink cranberry juice or cranberry extract, because they can interfere with some medicines.

Good Bathroom Habits
Peeing often and preventing constipation can help to prevent recurrent infections.

Multivitamins
Vitamin C acidifies pee, making the environment less friendly to bacteria. Vitamins designed for kids are generally safe, but always ask your doctor before increasing the dose beyond the currently recommended daily allowance.

No Bubble Baths
Kids should avoid bubble baths and perfumed soaps because they can irritate the urethra.

Frequent Diaper Changes
Kids in diapers should be changed often. This prevents stool from having prolonged contact with the genital area, which can lead to bacteria moving up the urethra and into the bladder.

Proper Wiping
Girls should wipe from front to back after using the toilet to reduce exposure of the urethra to UTI-causing bacteria in stool.

Cotton Underwear
Breathable cotton underwear is less likely to encourage bacterial growth near the urethra than nylon or other fabrics.

Regular Bathroom Visits
Some kids may object to using the school bathroom or may become so engrossed in a project that they delay peeing. Kids with UTIs should pee at least every 3 to 4 hours to help flush bacteria from the urinary tract.

When Should I Call the Doctor?

As soon as you suspect that your child has a UTI, call your doctor. The doctor may recommend another urine culture after treatment to be sure that the infection has cleared.

If your child has from recurrent UTIs, consult a pediatric urologist, who can do a thorough evaluation and order tests for urinary system abnormalities. In the meantime, follow your doctor’s instructions for treating a UTI.

Overactive Bladder Treatment – Brigham and Women’s Hospital

Women with OAB commonly experience a sudden and strong desire (urgency) to urinate that cannot be delayed. Some women with OAB lose urine on the way to the bathroom. Others may not actually lose urine but have urinary urgency, frequency (going to the bathroom more than normal), or nocturia (getting up more than once or twice to urinate at night). Involuntary bladder contractions are usually the underlying cause of OAB. Most women control their urinary urgency by deciding when it is convenient to urinate.

With OAB, it is difficult to control the urinary urgency when the bladder is full. This appears to be caused by a communication problem between the brain and the bladder but we don’t understand this completely. OAB is a chronic condition like diabetes and high blood pressure. The treatment is long term, but good control is achievable. Many women with OAB also have stress urinary incontinence (loss of urine with cough, sneeze, or activity). Treatment options below may help both incontinence subtypes.

Treatment Options

Non-Surgical Treatment

• Do nothing or live with your condition (not recommended)
  • It is very rare for OAB to result in any serious medical threat to you. You can choose to live with the symptoms if you feel that they are not too disruptive. However, there are many options available that could improve your symptoms listed below
• Behavioral modification
  • Timed toileting: Going to the bathroom at regular intervals, except when asleep, will help empty the bladder better and reduce urine loss.
  • Double voiding: Immediately after you urinate, lean forward and gently rock back and forth, while keeping the pelvic floor muscles relaxed. This will help to empty the bladder better and reduce urine loss after you leave the bathroom.
  • Dietary and fluid modifications: Aim for 48-64 oz of fluid per Limit caffeine and alcohol consumption to less than 2 servings a day.
  • Other: Maintain regular and predictable bowel habits; avoid constipation and practice urgency suppression techniques.
• Kegel exercises (pelvic floor exercises)
  If unable to do kegels correctly, pelvic floor physical therapists can help.
  • Identify the correct muscles by imagining you are trying to prevent passing of gas.
  • Keep your abdomen, hips and buttocks relaxed. Try to squeeze and hold these muscles for 5 seconds while continuing to breathe and then relax for 5 seconds.
  • Repeat this 10 times in a row, 3 sessions a day.
  • Do not practice kegels during voiding.
  • If unable to do kegels correctly, we can refer you to pelvic floor physical therapists.
  • Medications
• Pelvic Floor Physical Therapy
  • This is a specialized form of therapy to help with pelvic floor muscle coordination and bladder habits, and to improve/resolve symptoms of urinary urgency, frequency, and leakage. Pelvic floor physical therapy can also help those who experience pelvic pain, constipation, and difficulty emptying the bladder. A specially trained physical therapist works with the patient on an individual basis after assessing her pelvic floor.
• Biofeedback/Electrical stimulation
  • These can be used by the physical therapist as part of your pelvic floor physical therapy plan. They can be helpful in improving pelvic floor muscle coordination to help control urgency, frequency, and leakage, as well as increased pelvic floor muscle strength. With proper training you may be able to use these devices at home.
• Medications
  • Commonly used medications for OAB are known as anticholinergics. There are several available by prescription and several are now available as generics. Common side effects of these medications are dry eyes / mouth and constipation. Of note, some of these medications may not be appropriate in older women with memory loss. One medication, called Trospium (Sanctura), is formulated to reduce crossing into the brain and may be more suitable for patients with memory loss. A newer medication, called Mirabegron (Myrbetriq), is also available. This medication works differently from the anticholinergics and is not associated with dry eyes/mouth or constipation. However, it may raise blood pressure, and may not be a good option for patients with advanced cardiovascular disease. Vaginal estrogen (cream, tab, or ring) can be applied directly to the vagina; this may indirectly help with overactive bladder.
  • Vaginal estrogen (cream, tab, or ring) can be applied directly to the vagina and that may help with OAB due to its indirect effect on the bladder.
• PTNS (Percutaneous Tibial Nerve Stimulation)
  • Offered to those patients for whom multiple other interventions have not helped. PTNS is an office treatment requiring 12 weekly sessions, each lasting 30 minutes. A small, thin, needle electrode is temporarily placed near the ankle and is connected to a battery-powered stimulator. The stimulator sends an impulse through the leg nerve to the nerves in the sacrum which innervate the bladder. PTNS is designed to treat OAB symptoms by slowing down and softening signals to and from the bladder.

Surgical Treatment

• Botox
  • In this procedure, Botulinum toxin (Botox) is injected into the muscle which wraps around the bladder. The Botox is injected cystoscopically, using a needle that is passed into the bladder with the aid of a small camera; no incisions are made. Botox works by relaxing the bladder, allowing patients to hold more urine. While the effects of botox are not permanent (usually lasting 3-12 months), most patients experience good symptom relief.
• Neuromodulation (Interstim)
  • This is a 2-step procedure. In step 1, a very thin wire is placed in the lower back to electrically stimulate the bladder nerves. If this works well, the patient proceeds to step 2, where a wire is connected to a ”pacemaker” placed in the buttocks to electrically stimulate these bladder nerves. Both steps are done as outpatient surgery. Interstim may help patients who have failed nonsurgical treatments.

90,000 causes and treatment “- Yandex.Q

Author: Kislitsa Evgeny Vladimirovich, surgeon

Adenoma of the prostate most often affects men of mature and old age. After 50 years of age, every third man , suffers from the disease, and after 65 years of age, adenoma is detected in almost 90% of patients. However, the disease can also develop in younger years.

A timely detected disease responds well to treatment, in advanced cases, the effectiveness of treatment is significantly reduced, complex surgical interventions are required.

What it is

Adenoma of the prostate is a benign process of hyperplasia, i.e. overgrowth of small-sized prostatic glandular nodules that surround the bladder neck in men.

According to the modern classification of diseases, the disease is known as benign prostatic hyperplasia or BPH .

The disease is characterized by gradual development – initially a small node is formed in the tissues of the prostate gland.Over time, it progressively increases. As a result, the prostate gland narrows the lumen of the urinary tract, which disrupts the normal passage of urine (urine).

The proliferation of the glandular tissue of the prostate itself is not life-threatening, but the symptoms arising from it are extremely unpleasant and can bring severe torment.

At advanced stages, the disease can lead to overstretching of the bladder, reflux of urine into the ureters, and can cause kidney failure, which often poses a serious threat to health.

Adenoma of the prostate is a benign tumor, but in 30-40% of cases it becomes malignant – prostate cancer develops. In this case, prompt treatment in an oncological dispensary is necessary.

Symptoms

With prostate adenoma, symptoms may occur:

• Frequent urination;
• nocturnal urge to urinate, disturbing sleep;
• decrease in the force of the urine stream, intermittent stream;
• strong urge to urinate for a few seconds after the urge has passed;
• insufficient emptying of the bladder;
• the act of urination is divided into several receptions (most often 2) at intervals of several minutes;
• the need for straining for full urination;
• urinary incontinence in case of overflow of the bladder.

Benign hyperplasia is prone to gradual progressive development over 3 stages.

Stage 1 is characterized by minimal urinary disturbances. Patients note a slight increase in frequency of urination (especially at night) and a weakening of the urine stream. The initial stage lasts from 1-2 to 10-15 years, but the timing is purely individual.

Stage 2 is characterized by more pronounced disorders of urination:

• urine is excreted in an intermittent stream;
• to urinate, you need to strain;
• after passing urine, there is a feeling of a loose bladder.

The development of the disease is characterized by irritation of the mucous membranes of the urinary tract with the remaining urine, which causes their inflammation and pain in the projection of the bladder and in the lower back, burning during urination. The second stage in 90% of cases goes to the third stage.

For stage 3, involuntary urination is characteristic, initially at night, then throughout the day. Pain syndrome increases due to irritation of the mucous membranes of the urinary tract. Patients note the clouding of urine or the presence of blood impurities in it – the epithelium damaged by acidic urine bleeds.

Turbid urine with prostate adenoma

Signs

Even before the first clinical symptoms appear, the disease can be suspected by the presence of such signs:

• increased frequency of urination by 1-2 compared with the usual rhythm of urination;
• Periodic discomfort when urinating;
• Rare single cuts during or within a few seconds after passing urine;
• Appearance of desire to urinate at night, which was not the case before.

The listed signs do not allow to reliably establish the diagnosis, but their appearance may indirectly indicate that the glandular component of the prostatic gland begins to grow.

Causes

A reliable cause of the development of adenomatous changes in the prostate gland has not been established. It is recognized that organ hyperplasia is a characteristic sign of menopause in men, which develops as a result of a decrease in the production and concentration of male sex hormones (androgens).

The older a man becomes, the less androgens are produced, due to which the level of female sex hormones (estrogens) in the blood increases – the natural hormonal balance is disturbed. Due to an increase in estrogen levels, the growth and functioning of the cellular component of the prostate practically does not respond to androgens – the activity of hormonal control over the prostate decreases.

The opinion about the correlation between prostatic hyperplasia and the activity of a man’s sexual life, his sexual orientation, the presence of bad habits, past diseases of the reproductive system is erroneous.

Treatment

There are medical, operative, non-operative methods of treatment. The choice of this or that method is based on the stages of the disease, the presence of a characteristic clinical picture, laboratory tests.

Medication

Drug treatment is used at the initial stages of BPH development. Therapy is aimed at normalizing blood flow in the small pelvis, reducing the proliferation of prostate tissue, reducing inflammation of the body’s own and surrounding tissues.

Also, treatment can eliminate or reduce urinary stagnation, facilitate urination. Taking medications prevents the development of a secondary infection in the urinary tract.

It is possible to resort to a substitutional intake of hormonal drugs only if there are pronounced signs of a lack of androgenic hormones in the body. Simultaneously with the treatment of prostatic hyperplasia, it is necessary to prevent the development of possible complications of the disease, to treat them in a timely manner. In the case of the development of acute urinary retention, patients need emergency hospitalization in a hospital.

Operational

It is indicated to resort to surgical methods of treatment in advanced stages of the disease. Operations can be performed in 2 methods:

1. Open (method of transvesical adenoectomy) – the surgical approach is performed through the bladder. The method is resorted to at advanced stages. The method is traumatic, but provides a cure for the disease. In especially severe cases, it is necessary to completely remove the prostate gland – to perform an open prostatectomy.
2. Minimally invasive (small-scale surgical intervention is performed). Surgical intervention is performed through the urinary canal using a video endoscopic apparatus.

Video endoscope for prostate surgery

Open methods of surgical treatment

During transvesical adenoectomy, hyperplastic tissue of the gland is removed through an incision on the anterior wall of the abdomen and on the bladder, into which a catheter is inserted and an antiseptic solution is poured into the bladder.After that, the bubble is isolated and dissected.

After determining the area of ​​the bladder neck, 1 cm from the urethral opening, the mucous membrane is cut and penetrated into the prostate tissue. Then, areas of abnormally overgrown tissue are removed, and bleeding is stopped. The last stage of the operation is suturing of the bladder and the anterior abdominal wall, followed by replacement of the urinary catheter.

Prostatectomy is also performed through the bladder with a drain installed in it. After the total removal of the gland, the bleeding is stopped and the damaged tissue is sutured.Mandatory placement of a urinary catheter.

Minimally invasive techniques

Among minimally invasive techniques, there are:

• transurethral resection;
• holmium laser enucleation;
• embolization of prostatic arteries.

Transurethral resection of the prostate is the procedure for inserting a fiber optic apparatus through the urethra and then removing the prostate tissue by excision or evaporation and cauterization of the blood vessels.The operation lasts about 1-1.5 hours, patients are discharged from the department 2-3 days after the operation.

The method of holmium laser enucleation is reduced to endoscopic (through the lumen of the urethra) excision of hyperplastic prostatic tissue using a holmium laser. The removed tissues are removed with a special apparatus – an endomarcellator. The method is not inferior in efficiency to open surgery.

By embolization of the arteries of the prostate is meant an operation aimed at blocking the arteries supplying the organ with blood using special medical polymers.The operation is performed using an intravascular access through the thigh artery under local anesthesia. Patients are discharged 1-2 days after surgery.

Non-operative treatment

Non-operative methods of treatment are resorted to:

• balloon dilatation – the narrowed portion of the urethra is expanded by inflating a balloon inserted into it;
• Installation of stents in the area of ​​narrowing of the urethra;
• coagulation of the prostate with microwaves;
• transurethral needle ablation – through the urethra, needles are inserted with a special drug that clogs the vessels of the prostate;
• destruction of prostate tissue by point exposure to low temperatures.

Drugs used

The leading drugs used in the treatment of benign glandular hyperplasia are drugs of the groups of alpha-1-blockers and 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors. Both classes of drugs can act for a short time (3-4 hours) and a long time (more than 12 hours). Medicines are produced in the form of suppositories, tablets, capsules.

Alpha 1-blockers

Their use allows you to relax the smooth muscles of the prostate and bladder, which prevents narrowing of the urinary tract, and facilitates urination.Shown application:

1. Silodosin.
2. Terazosin.
3. Doxazosin.
4. Tamsulosin.

5-alpha reductase inhibitors

Medicines can block the synthesis of dihydrotestosterone (one of the biological forms of testosterone). This leads to a shrinkage of the prostate and prevents narrowing of the urinary tract, leading to its expansion. Recommended appointment:

1. Finasteride.
2. Dutasteride.
3. Permikson.

Effects

Without treatment, the disease always leads to prolonged urinary retention, which is one of the main causes of development:

• urolithiasis;
• pyelonephritis;
• glomerulonephritis;
• urethritis;
• cystitis.

BPH is almost always accompanied by prostatitis. Renal failure is a particularly dangerous consequence of prostatic adenoma.Long-term progressive prostatic hyperplasia often turns into prostate cancer.

PSA rate after 60 years

The leading method for detecting BPH is to determine the level of prostate-specific antigen – PSA in the blood. An increase in its content is a marker of adenoma or organ cancer. A PSA content of up to 4.5 ng / ml – nanograms per milliliter – is recognized as normal for a man after 60 years of age.

Physical exercises

Since the risk of developing the disease correlates with the level of testosterone in the blood, the development of hyperplasia can be prevented by resorting to exercise.As such, special exercises have not been developed due to the fact that in the male body, from moderate physical activity, the production of testosterone itself increases.

Cycling, push-ups, and static exercise work best. Classes with weights, in the gym, contact sports are highly effective in preventing the development of the disease.

Diet

There is no specific diet.However, it is recommended that you eat a healthy and balanced diet. In the diet, it is necessary to increase the proportion of vitamins, microminerals and fiber.

A moderate positive effect is exerted by the consumption of food rich in linolenic and alfalinolenic acids, zinc and selenium. With an exacerbation of the disease, it is recommended to increase the proportion of zinc to 20 mg per day.

Seafood, sea fish, seaweed are rich in the above substances. It is advisable to use vegetable oils, especially olive oil.Shown of plant products:

• beans;
• buckwheat and oatmeal;

90,035 sunflower and pumpkin seeds;

90,035 mushrooms;

90,035 celery;

• parsnips.

What can you eat

All vegetable products, cereals, vegetable oils can be eaten. It is recommended to eat lean meat and fish. It is allowed to eat sweets, but in limited quantities.

What is not allowed

The consumption of alcoholic beverages is strictly prohibited.Do not eat fried, too spicy, smoked meat, especially fatty varieties. The use of fatty sauces is highly undesirable.

Material provided

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90,000 frequent urination in women with menstruation

frequent urination in women with menstruation

Frequent urination in women with menstruation

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What is frequent urination in women during menstruation?

Diforol is a new generation genitourinary system regulator, developed according to a unique formula.Voted the best and most popular for 2020. According to urologists, it once and for all relieves of frequent, uncontrolled urination with urethritis, cystitis, going to the toilet every 0.5 hours.

The effect of the use of frequent urination in women with menstruation

Diforol is a versatile herbal remedy for frequent urination. Unlike analogues, it has the following advantages: 100% natural composition; providing instant action, relieving pain after the first application; inability to cause side effects; impact on the true causes of problems with urination, regardless of the stage of development, the nature of the occurrence; prevention of complications, relapses of urological diseases.

Expert opinion

Diforol will relieve problems with involuntary urination from the first days of use, regardless of their causes.

How to order

In order to place an order for frequent urination in women with menstruation, you must leave your contact information on the website. The operator will contact you within 15 minutes. Will clarify all the details with you and we will send your order. In 3-10 days you will receive the parcel and pay for it upon receipt.

Customer Reviews:

Alena

Diforol is a complex drug. The medicine quickly removes unpleasant symptoms, restores the functions of damaged organs. The tool helps men and women with cystitis, urethritis, enuresis, regardless of age and stage of development of the disease.

Elena

Diforol not only relieves unpleasant manifestations of the disease, but eliminates the cause of increased urination.After completion of therapy, the likelihood of recurrence of pathologies is minimal. Subject to receiving the original product.

Diforol is a complex drug. The medicine quickly removes unpleasant symptoms, restores the functions of damaged organs. The tool helps men and women with cystitis, urethritis, enuresis, regardless of age and stage of development of the disease. Where to buy frequent urination in women with menstruation? Diforol will relieve problems with involuntary urination from the first days of use, regardless of their causes.

Frequent urination during menstruation. Many women with menstrual bleeding feel like they are. The reasons for frequent urination that occurs before menstruation can be physiological and pathological. The specific provoking factor can only be established. Frequent urination in women before menstruation in most cases is associated with natural factors and hormonal changes. … Frequent urge to urinate in women before, during and after menstruation.Frequent urination in women may be accompanied by an increase in urine output over 2 liters (polyuria) and. The main complaints of a woman with cystocele are frequent urge, difficulty urinating, urinary incontinence when straining, incomplete emptying of the bladder. Frequent urge to urinate. Frequent urination during the day and at night is a common early sign of pregnancy. … During pregnancy, a woman has a monthly delay in menstruation. The monthly cycle in women. Factors that provoke frequent urination before the onset of menstruation.Causes of increased urge during and after menstruation. Ways to normalize the condition. If a woman has frequent urination not in every cycle, but periodically, or if this phenomenon happened to her for the first time, then to her. In addition, frequent urination during menstruation can be observed with: pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract; endometriosis. With the approach of monthly bleeding, a woman often experiences discomfort in her life. One of the main problems is frequent urination before menstruation and at other times of the cycle.How to treat frequent urination before your period. Frequent urination, which appears in women before menstruation, requires the consultation of a specialist who diagnoses the cause of its appearance. If these are physiological factors contributing to its appearance, treatment. Frequent urination before menstruation: causes. During menstruation, women experience a lot of difficulties. … Therefore, frequent urination during menstruation, frequent urge to use the toilet without pain before menstruation, in most cases, may not be signs of developing health problems.
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Diforol is a versatile herbal remedy for frequent urination. Unlike analogues, it has the following advantages: 100% natural composition; providing instant action, relieving pain after the first application; inability to cause side effects; impact on the true causes of problems with urination, regardless of the stage of development, the nature of the occurrence; prevention of complications, relapses of urological diseases.

frequent urination in women during menstruation

Diforol is a new generation genitourinary system regulator, developed according to a unique formula.Voted the best and most popular for 2020. According to urologists, it once and for all relieves of frequent, uncontrolled urination with urethritis, cystitis, going to the toilet every 0.5 hours.

Frequent urination in women is common. It may be associated with any pathology or. Frequent urination and lingering aching pains are symptoms of pyelonephritis. With an exacerbation, weakness, chills, nausea, a sharp increase in temperature are observed. Pyelonephritis is treated.Causes of frequent urination in women. Frequent urination. Alexander Kolovangin, urologist-andrologist, oncologist. … Reasons not requiring medical attention. Frequent urination in women does not always indicate a pathological process. This state can begin on the most. Frequent urination in women: what are pollakiuria, polyuria and nocturia. Frequent urination in women may be accompanied by an increase in urine output over 2 liters (polyuria) and normal daily urine output, in which urine is excreted in small portions.Frequent urination in women with pain, which is accompanied by other unpleasant symptoms (cramps and burning in the urethra, back pain, blood and pus in the urine, fever, general weakness. Pollakiuria is a frequent urination. In women, it is detected most often.) Frequent urge to urinate in women. On its background, there is a strong thirst, itching, increased weakness and fatigue. Frequent urination is the excess of the threshold of a woman’s personal comfort, when she herself notices that the body.With such an unpleasant symptom as frequent urination in women, the reasons can be very different, sometimes not related to health and disease (physiological). Frequent urination means that the woman feels the urge to urinate more regularly than is usually the case. What is urination frequency? If a woman feels like peeing more than 10 times a day, it may simply be because you are drinking too much water or coffee, which acts like. Pathological causes of frequent urination in women and men.There is no pain or burning sensation, but the patient may experience general weakness and exhaustion. … Diagnostics and treatment. Frequent urination caused by natural causes (drinking plenty of fluids, caffeine) does not require treatment. Frequent urination is also associated with a problem such as urinary incontinence. Urinary incontinence occurs when a person is no longer able to suppress the sudden urge to urinate. Usually, urinary incontinence develops against the background of frequent urination. Causes of frequent urination. The most common cause of urinary frequency in men and women is considered a urinary tract infection.People of any age suffer from this pathology, but the risk in women is four times higher. In addition to gender, other conditions affect the development of pathology. So, they are more likely to become infected.

Urolithiasis in cats – symptoms and treatment of urolithiasis, prevention of ICD in cats, diet and medicated food

Urolithiasis (Urolithiasis) in cats is a dangerous disease of the genitourinary system, which is manifested by the formation of stones and sand in the urinary system. Small formations can easily leave the body, and large ones lead to blockage of the ducts and pose a threat to the life of the pet.When an admixture of blood appears in the urine and anxiety of the animal, you should immediately contact a veterinary clinic for diagnosis.

Signs of urolithiasis in cats

At first, calculi accumulate and are so small that they do not create discomfort for the animal and do not attract the attention of the owners. It is possible to determine them at an early stage only by examining the abdominal cavity for the presence of other diseases. Over time, stones begin to grow, scratch the walls of the urinary system and clog the urethra.In order to provide timely assistance to an animal, you need to be able to recognize the main symptoms of urolithiasis in cats:

• Pet’s restless behavior, emptying of the bladder is accompanied by meowing;
• Frequent urge to urinate;
• the presence of blood blotches, clots and sand;
• the stream of urination is weak, the animal strains to urinate, in severe cases, complete absence of urination;
• body temperature rises to 40 degrees;
• soreness in the abdomen;
• urine acquires a strong concentrated odor.

How does urolithiasis develop in cats?

The main reason for the formation of calculi is metabolic disorders, which are facilitated by various factors. As a result, oxalate and struvite stones form in the kidneys, ureter and bladder.

When the formations are small and smooth, they remain in the bladder for a long time without any signs. In this case, the diagnosis occurs by chance, during examination due to other diseases.This manifestation is typical of struvites. But if oxalate calculus has formed in the genitourinary system, it will irritate, scratch the mucous membrane of the urinary system. As they grow, they are able to block the urethra. Oxalate acts as a plug and can lead to complete cessation of urination. Urolethiasis in cats is more likely to cause urinary failure than in cats, especially in spayed cats.

When urolithiasis enters the acute phase, an infectious and inflammatory process of the kidneys begins, poisoning of the body and dehydration.Emergency veterinary care should be provided within 48 hours; in case of a longer absence of veterinary care, a fatal outcome is highly probable.

Complications of ICD in cats

If you delay in helping your pet, then easily treatable urolithiasis will become overgrown with complications, in which it will be much more difficult to save the pet. Possible complications:

• Hematuria. A high content of red blood cells: from 20 to 30 in the urine sediment, or the total amount when the stone blocked the urethra.
• Anuria with complete occlusion of the ureter / urethra.
• Uremia. When urine has nowhere to go, the kidneys stop its production, and toxic compounds produced during metabolism begin to accumulate in the body.
• Ruptured bladder. Leads to peritonitis and intoxication.
• Attachment of infection. Quite often, from the fact that the walls of the urethra are torn and urine stagnates, the disease is aggravated by the addition of staphylococci and Escherichia coli.

What to do if the first symptoms of ICD appear?

Knowing how urolithiasis manifests itself in cats, at the slightest doubtful symptoms, you should immediately take your pet to a veterinary clinic. The veterinarian will listen carefully to the complaints, prescribe the necessary diagnostics and palpate the abdominal cavity. Without fail, he will send for blood and urine tests for laboratory research, as well as X-ray and ultrasound examination. After that, a decision is made on further treatment.

In no case should you start treatment at home. This can provoke irreversible consequences.

Can urolithiasis in cats be treated?

Treatment of urolithiasis, depending on the complexity of the course, is carried out in two ways: conservative or operative.

The conservative method is used if the disease has not acquired complications and medical assistance was provided on time. Then the animal begins to be treated according to the following algorithm:

• Relief of pain and spasms with antispasmodic drugs.
• Restoration of urine outflow by flushing stones from the urethra, inserting a catheter, drug dissolution of formations or laser crushing.
• Elimination of intoxication with the help of droppers with special solutions that increase the flow of urine.
• Prescribing antibiotics for bacterial attachments.
• Removal of inflammation and complex treatment of urolithiasis in cats.

When conservative methods do not bring positive dynamics, surgery is prescribed for the pet.The operation does not solve the cause of the disease, but only relieves the acute condition. Recovery takes a long time and usually the process is not limited to one operation. With the operative resolution of the ICD, the above-described methods of treatment are used. But the restoration of the outflow of urine is carried out by creating artificial excretory canals and abdominal surgery to remove calculi.

Subsequently, the animals are assigned a special diet based on medicated feed or balanced homemade food.

Why do cats form stones?

The causes of feline urolithiasis lie in the influence of external and internal factors, and in some cases in their totality.

External factors:

• poor quality feed;

90,035 excess minerals;

• insufficient amount of water;
• low quality water;
• vitamin A deficiency, which has a positive effect on the genitourinary system.

Internal factors:

• hormonal imbalance;
• physiological features of the structure of the ureter / urethra;
• violation in the digestive tract;
• infectious complications;
• heredity;
• inactive lifestyle;
• chronic diseases of the MPS.

Prospects for the course of the disease.

After relief of acute symptoms, the veterinarian will prescribe a special course of supportive therapy and a diet. If you strictly follow all the appointments, then there is a high probability that the pet will never again suffer urolithiasis or urolithiasis. Taking care of your pet and seeking veterinary care in a timely manner will provide a good prospect for its future health.

Prevention of recurrence of ICD.

When the cat has come to its senses after all the manipulations performed, it is necessary to radically change its lifestyle.Choose a special food on the recommendation of a veterinarian. Observe that the animal has enough liquid, if necessary, add water to the dry food. Track your pet’s urination. Involve in active games to avoid obesity and passive lifestyle. Make sure that the cat does not overcool or overheat.

What kind of food to choose?

When the acute phase has passed, the owner has a question: what to feed after having recovered? There is a special medicated food for cats with urolithiasis, which helps to increase the acidity of urine.This affects the dissolution of possible calculi in the genitourinary system. It also has a diuretic effect. Dietary industrial dry food or canned food contains phosphorus, potassium and magnesium in small quantities.

If it is not possible to use special food with the ICD, then the owners must independently make up the diet. In this case, the following is important:

• Exclude products containing calcium;
• the diet should consist of meat products with vegetables without calcium and alkali;
• Do not mix homemade food with purchased food;
• to diversify food;
• no offal, sausages and cheap dry food.

Is ICD contagious to other feline pets?

Scientists have carried out many studies, as a result of which it has been proved that urolithiasis is not transmitted to humans and other individuals of the feline species. It is an internal non-communicable disease. However, urolithiasis in cats is inherited, and it is already difficult to predict which kitten from the litter will inherit this feature. There are also some breeds that are genetically prone to MCD.These include: Maine Coons, Persians, Burmans and Siamese.

Any pet disease is a big test for owners. The owner is not always able to immediately recognize the symptoms and provide assistance in time. Veterinary clinic AMVet is ready to provide you with competent timely assistance and advice. We work around the clock. If you are in doubt about the need for a trip to the doctor, you can ask a question to a specialist in the chat or call +7 (495) 106-02-03 In acute cases, immediately go to the clinic.

Frequent urge to urinate in men: causes and methods of control

Frequent uncontrolled urge to urinate may indicate an overactive bladder – a malfunction of this organ, in which difficulties with the onset of urination, weak urine flow, etc. bladder experience frequent urge to urinate, not only during the day, but also at night. A common cause of this pathology in men is an enlargement of the prostate gland, which can disrupt the outflow of urine from the urethra.In addition, this bladder dysfunction can have other causes, including weakness of the muscles that support the bladder, urinary tract infections, constipation, bladder stones, uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, obesity, certain medications, neurological diseases such as illness Parkinson’s and multiple sclerosis. 11–16% of men with an overactive bladder experience worsening symptoms as they age.

The first step in resolving the above problem is to visit a doctor in order to identify its cause.This may require the passage of several diagnostic procedures, as well as the delivery of urine for analysis. The test results will help determine the cause of the problem and choose a treatment strategy.

It is worth noting that many men with overactive bladders experience symptom relief with dietary and lifestyle changes. Consuming certain foods and beverages can worsen symptoms. By eliminating these foods from your diet, you can improve your bladder function. For example, reducing the consumption of alcohol and caffeine, which are considered diuretics, can alleviate symptoms of an overactive bladder.This can help reduce the urge to urinate. Other foods that can achieve similar results by reducing consumption include sodas, aspartame, artificial sweeteners, and cranberry juice, which is known for its diuretic properties. Reducing the amount of fluids you drink before bed can also help reduce the number of trips to the toilet at night.

In addition, spicy foods and acidic foods such as orange juice and tomato sauce can irritate the bladder and urethra.This can lead to an increase in the severity of symptoms in some patients.

A particularly important factor for men with an overactive bladder is the level of water intake. Many patients with this type of bladder dysfunction automatically reduce their fluid intake in an attempt to reduce urine production. However, reducing your fluid intake can lead to dehydration and make your urine more concentrated. This urine, in turn, irritates the bladder, which can lead to increased symptoms of an overactive bladder.

Tobacco use is also associated with the symptoms of the above pathology in both men and women. Quitting smoking or reducing the supply of nicotine to the body can lead to positive changes in the condition of individuals with an overactive bladder.

Exercises aimed at strengthening the pelvic floor muscles may also be beneficial for some patients with the above pathology.

Obesity is a risk factor for developing overactive bladder symptoms.Excess weight puts pressure on the bladder and urethra, which can often worsen symptoms. In this case, controlling body weight helps to cope with the frequent urge to urinate. This helps to reduce pressure on the bladder and urinary tract as weight decreases.

A number of drugs are also used to treat overactive bladder in men. In cases where this pathology is associated with an enlargement of the prostate gland, doctors usually prescribe alpha-blockers.This helps to relax the surrounding muscles and improve the flow of urine through the urethra. For those with overactive bladder symptoms who are unresponsive to lifestyle changes and medication, surgery may be recommended.

It should be borne in mind that these symptoms can worsen with aging, so if they occur, you should consult your doctor.

Based on materials from www.medicalnewstoday.com

Prostate adenoma

Prostate adenoma (benign prostatic hyperplasia) – the most commonly diagnosed urological disease in men over 50 years old Statistics show that half of these men are diagnosed with this disease.

BPH is one of the manifestations of menopause in men. The development of the disease is associated with age-related changes in hormonal levels, that is, almost every elderly man is at risk of facing this disease.

Men usually go to the doctor only when things get really bad. We urge you to consult a urologist at the first alarming symptoms.

The most common symptoms of BPH are:

• Discomfort, pain in the scrotum
• Frequent urination
• Increased urge to urinate at night
• Weak stream of urine
• Feeling of incomplete emptying of the bladder

Do not postpone the visit to the doctor, do not expect that everything “will go away by itself.”Treatment, begun at an early stage of the disease, is always an order of magnitude more effective, does not give a chance for further progression of the pathological process and the occurrence of possible complications, will help to maintain full-fledged male health for a long time.

What happens with age in the prostate gland?

The prostate gland is adjacent to the bladder and surrounds the urethra on all sides. Age-related changes in the hormonal background of a man lead to an increase in the volume of the prostate gland and, as a result, to compression of the urethra.Difficulty in the outflow of urine first leads to a compensatory thickening of the bladder wall, the patient has to make efforts to urinate, the urine stream is weakened, and nighttime urge to urinate appears. In the future, the difficulty in the outflow of urine progresses up to acute urinary retention. Violation of normal urination provokes the development of urolithiasis, urinary tract infections (cystitis and pyelonephritis). Over time, in the absence of adequate treatment, renal failure may develop, the bladder is constantly overflowing, so urine begins to be released continuously in a thin stream, first at night, and over time and during the day.

The patient’s treatment method is determined after conducting an examination, which includes the following main steps:

• Collection of patient complaints, medical history
• Digital rectal examination, which evaluates the size, shape, consistency of the prostate, its relationship with surrounding organs and tissues
• Evaluation of urine tests
• Study of urea and serum creatinine
• TRUS – ultrasound examination of the prostate through the anterior abdominal wall and rectum
• Determination of the amount of PSA in blood serum (PSA is a tumor marker for prostate cancer)
• Taking a biopsy of the prostate gland (prescribed only for those patients who have a suspicion of malignant changes in the prostate tissue)

Treatment of adenoma of the prostate is directed at:

• Reducing the severity of urethral compression
• Normalization of urination and residual urine volume
• Prevention of the development of acute urinary retention and renal failure

BPH treatment can be conservative and prompt.The earlier the patient seeks medical help, the more chances of avoiding surgery. With late treatment or progression of the disease, when conservative treatment becomes ineffective, an operation is prescribed.

Absolute indications for surgical treatment are:

• Acute or chronic urinary retention
• Presence of blood in urine
• Formation of stones in the urinary bladder
• Renal failure
• Urinary tract infection

Surgical treatment of BPH is preferably performed by the method of transurethral resection (TUR).It is important to understand that during the operation, only a part of the prostate gland is resected, with which the narrowing of the urethra is directly related. Therefore, after the operation, it is necessary not to forget about the annual preventive examination by a urologist.

An alternative to TURP of the prostate is open surgery. It is performed in patients with a pronounced increase in the size of the gland (volume over 60-80 cm3).

If the patient does not have pronounced clinical symptoms, the kidneys are not involved in the pathological process, the urologist prescribes drug therapy and observation, which is carried out every six months and is the control of urine and blood tests, PSA, and ultrasound examination.

A timely visit to a doctor determines a favorable prognosis of the disease. The doctor, relying on the examination data, the degree of the disorder of the act of urination, the severity of concomitant diseases, will select the most effective method of treatment that will allow you to quickly return to your usual life.

In the YugMed clinic you can go through all the necessary laboratory and instrumental examination methods, get a competent consultation from a urologist.

In addition, if an operation is unavoidable, you can undergo all the necessary examination before the operation in our clinic, get a referral for surgical treatment, and then return for postoperative observation.

We are always waiting for you in our clinic!

90,000 sage for urinary incontinence in women

sage for urinary incontinence in women

sage for urinary incontinence in women

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What is sage for urinary incontinence in women?

Diforol is a complex drug. The medicine quickly removes unpleasant symptoms, restores the functions of damaged organs.The tool helps men and women with cystitis, urethritis, enuresis, regardless of age and stage of development of the disease.

The effect of using sage for urinary incontinence in women

Involuntary urination, frequent urge to go to the toilet lead to phobias, fears, sidelong glances of others. Diforol drops are the newest remedy created on the basis of medicinal herbs. Quickly and carefully regulates the functions of the genitourinary system, eliminates frequent urge to use the toilet in a small way.At the same time, it does not mask the symptoms, but acts on the true causes of cystitis or old, disturbing for years, chronic diseases of the bladder.

Expert opinion

Immediately from the 1st day I did not feel relief, but gradually, over the course of a week, small changes appeared. The sudden urges were not so sharp, the cramps in the abdomen weakened. In 2 weeks the problem of involuntary urination was resolved. The full course of treatment took a month, and the last week I felt completely healthy, did not go to the toilet more often than other people, and the emptying was as complete as before the illness.Diforol acted very mildly. There was no load on the kidneys, edema and other bunch of side effects. And it’s easy to drink, just a spoonful a day.

How to order

In order to place an order for sage for urinary incontinence in women, you must leave your contact information on the website. The operator will contact you within 15 minutes. Will clarify all the details with you and we will send your order. In 3-10 days you will receive the parcel and pay for it upon receipt.

Customer Reviews:

Nika

Diforol not only relieves unpleasant manifestations of the disease, but eliminates the cause of increased urination.After completion of therapy, the likelihood of recurrence of pathologies is minimal. Subject to receiving the original product.

Oia

A product based on natural ingredients suitable for the treatment and prevention of diseases of the urinary system. Urologists recommend taking Diforol to all people over 40 to prevent urinary problems. Diforol is a drug for the treatment and prevention of cystitis, urethritis, enuresis. Action – quick elimination of pain and burning sensation, frequent urination, prevention of recurrence of pathologies.Release form – drops for oral administration in a 50 ml dark glass bottle. The remedy has practically no contraindications, if the instructions are followed, there are no side effects.

The combination of natural ingredients in the “Diforol” reduces the likelihood of side effects in the form of an allergic reaction and increases the patient’s chances of getting rid of the pathology as soon as possible, whatever the reason it may be. Instructions for the use of the drug “Diforola” are contained in each package.Read it carefully before using the medicine. Where to buy sage for urinary incontinence in women? Immediately from the 1st day, I did not feel relief, but gradually, over the course of a week, small changes appeared. The sudden urges were not so sharp, the cramps in the abdomen weakened. In 2 weeks the problem of involuntary urination was resolved. The full course of treatment took a month, and the last week I felt completely healthy, did not go to the toilet more often than other people, and the emptying was as complete as before the illness.Diforol acted very mildly. There was no load on the kidneys, edema and other bunch of side effects. And it’s easy to drink, just a spoonful a day.

Women with urinary incontinence caused by chronic impairment of physical or cognitive function, or both, are said to have functional incontinence. These patients have an overactive bladder in relation to the ability or speed at which they can get to the toilet. Sage for urinary incontinence in women can be used at the initial stage of ischuria.Add honey and lemon juice, take after meals 3 times. Sage for urinary incontinence in men can be used with other herbs. Treatment of urinary incontinence in women and children with folk remedies. Urinary incontinence is a common problem. Sage medicinal. Used to prepare infusion. You will need 40 g of a dry plant and 1 liter of boiling water. Sage will cure urinary incontinence. Estimated reading time. There are not so few recipes for baking urinary incontinence. This problem worries many people. Someone got cold, some have it on the nerves.For urinary incontinence, traditional medicine recommends an infusion of herbal sage medicinal. … Urinary incontinence in women With this ailment, herbs will help. The following collection is very effective: Shepherd’s purse Field horsetail St. John’s wort Valerian’s wort (root) This collection possesses. Types and causes of urinary incontinence in older women. Depending on what led to the pathology, as well as on the specific symptoms. Sage. Buy a fragrant herb from a drugstore. It is usually sold in crushed form or in sachets.Spontaneous urinary incontinence in older women is quite common ❤ Causes of bedwetting. Sage. For the treatment of urinary retention, dried sage leaves are poured with boiling water at the rate of 100 g of grass per 2 liters of water. The broth is taken daily at least 3 times. With tincture. Involuntary urination is not an independent disease, but a symptom of a pathology that requires complex and long-term treatment. Depending on the forms and causes of enuresis, the doctor selects adequate therapy, which includes medication.Sage. This herb for urinary incontinence in older and young women is one of the most readily available, so it can be used. Dill seeds are considered one of the most effective remedies for urinary incontinence in women. To prepare this medicine, you need to brew one. Urinary incontinence in women is called the involuntary discharge of fluid from the excretory system, which is not amenable to volitional control. … Sage is considered one of the most affordable folk remedies in the treatment of urinary incontinence. It is recommended to use it in the form of an infusion.For this you need.

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Involuntary urination, frequent urge to use the toilet lead to phobias, fears, sidelong glances of others. Diforol drops are the newest remedy created on the basis of medicinal herbs. Quickly and carefully regulates the functions of the genitourinary system, eliminates frequent urge to use the toilet in a small way. At the same time, it does not mask the symptoms, but acts on the true causes of cystitis or old, disturbing for years, chronic diseases of the bladder.

sage for urinary incontinence in women

Diforol is a complex drug.The medicine quickly removes unpleasant symptoms, restores the functions of damaged organs. The tool helps men and women with cystitis, urethritis, enuresis, regardless of age and stage of development of the disease.

Frequent urination in women is a common problem. Fighting her can take a lot of time and energy from the fair sex. … Non-pathological causes of frequent urination. Doctors identify a number of reasons that do not belong to pathological conditions, but under.Frequent urination in women is common. It may be related to. The reasons for frequent urination in women without pain can be very different, and therefore there is no need to compare your case with that of a friend. Doctors to see if you urinate frequently. The symptom of frequent urination can be due to various medical conditions. If this is your first time experiencing a symptom, make an appointment with a therapist, he will refer you to the right specialist. What doctors treat frequently.Frequent urination, accompanied by soreness in women after intercourse, which does not pass on. Frequent urination plus a burning sensation is a reason for an immediate visit to a doctor and taking tests. Frequent urination in women may be accompanied by an increase in urine output over 2 liters (polyuria) and normal daily urine output, in which urine is secreted in small portions (pollakiuria). Frequent painless urination in women. … But more often painless, profuse urination, detected by a woman.Doctor-urologist, urologist-andrologist, urologist-oncologist, doctor of ultrasound diagnostics. Reviews. 11/13/2020 Good day everyone. Frequent urination is abnormal if one of the following symptoms occurs. In such cases, frequent urination is observed, as a rule, in the daytime and is temporary. Pollakiuria is frequent urination. In women, it is most often detected. … The doctor may also ask you to keep a diary for several days. Frequent urination in women with timely diagnosis and treatment has a favorable outcome.The prognosis depends on the factors that caused the violation. It is often embarrassing for women to see a doctor, since he is considered a specialized male doctor. However, you should not be ashamed at all, since only a urologist can conduct a competent consultation in case of problems with urination. If the pathology is associated with genital infections, then. Frequent urination means that the woman feels the urge to urinate more regularly than she usually does. … Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are the most common cause of frequent urination in women, which occurs when bacteria invade the urethra.

informasjon på russisk – Troms og Finnmark

On March 16, the Norwegian Institute of Public Health (Folkehelseinstituttet) published topical advice for those with a cold. Anyone with symptoms of an acute respiratory infection should stay at home. Those with milder symptoms (colds, sore throat) are advised to stay at home until the symptoms have subsided and another day after that.

On March 15, the Norwegian government introduced a new regulation that could prohibit citizens from traveling to Hitt, located in communes other than their place of permanent residence.This means that, by law, citizens can be forced to return to their homes if necessary.

In addition to these rules, there are many more regulations and restrictions on movement introduced at the local level.

The Health Authority (Helsedirektoratet) has introduced a number of measures to help prevent the spread of the COVID-19 virus and keep healthcare at the right level. These measures came into force on Thursday 12 March at 6 pm. On Tuesday March 24, the government extended these measures until April 13 inclusive.

The following establishments will be closed:

• kindergartens
• primary schools
• high schools
• universities and university colleges
• other educational institutions

Foto: Vegar Erstad / NRK

Some businesses will also be closed and the following events canceled:

• cultural events
• indoor and outdoor sporting events and organized sporting activities
• All catering establishments, except those where the waiter serves food directly to the client.This means that canteens and other catering establishments that provide conditions under which visitors can maintain a distance of at least 1 meter between each other will be able to continue their activities. Meals cannot be served in a buffet style. Catering establishments are understood as restaurants, cafes, canteens, bars, pubs, etc.
• gyms

90,035 businesses offering the following services: hairdressing, beauty, massage and body care, tattoo and piercing studios, etc.p.

• swimming pools, water parks, etc.

Medical professionals who treat and care for patients are prohibited from leaving the country. The ban applies to both business and private travel. This measure is valid from March 12 and at least until the end of April 2020.

Public transport will continue to function. People with critical social functions must be able to travel to and from work.

The Health Department asks not to visit citizens who are in social institutions for vulnerable groups of the population (the elderly, people with mental disorders, people in prison).

Travel advice:

• A goal was set for domestic traffic to remain as usual.
• The Health Department strongly recommends avoiding all leisure and recreational travel.
• Avoid going to work or school, and avoiding any travel other than urgently needed. This applies to both travel within the country and abroad. Avoid using public transport whenever possible. Avoid crowded places. Avoid close contact with others.
• Individuals returning from overseas travel must be quarantined, whether they have symptoms or not. The order is retroactive and effective from February 27, 2020.

Foto: Monika Otterlei

The Committee for Emergency Situations considers the following 15 areas as socially significant for society:

• Public administration in crisis conditions
• Defense
• Law Enforcement
• Health and Care
• Rescue Services
• Information security in the civil sector
• Nature and Environment
• Continuity of supply of goods
• Water supply and sewerage systems
• Financial Services
• Electricity supply
• Electronic Communication Services
• Transport
• Satellite communication services
• Pharmacies

More information can be found on the website of the Ministry of Health.

Symptoms of coronavirus infection

In the first days, most of the sick develop a fever. It can cause muscle pain, fatigue, chills, dizziness, general malaise, and diarrhea. In most patients, the condition improves after 6-7 days.

At the initial stage of the disease, the main symptoms are headache, dry cough and runny nose. Over time, if the virus changes, a wet cough and bloody sputum may be added to the symptoms.

The next stage of the disease is shortness of breath and pain in the chest area. In the most severe cases, acute pulmonary insufficiency or asphyxiation may occur, which will require oxygenation of the blood (the apparatus process of saturating the blood with oxygen). These symptoms usually occur on the fifth day of illness.

In some cases, the coronavirus can lead to kidney failure. Symptoms of this complication include frequent urination, swelling of the legs and under the eyes, high blood pressure, and / or fatigue and weakness.

Would you like to ask a question to the health authorities?

Coronavirus hotline number: 815 55 015.

If you think you are infected with the coronavirus, call your general practitioner or the emergency medical service at 116 117.

It is important if you think that you are infected with the coronavirus, do not come to an appointment with a therapist or the clinic on duty, but stay at home and contact the medical staff by phone.

All updated information from the Institute of Public Health can be found here.

You should know this

Norway’s first coronavirus case was confirmed on 26 February.

The Norwegian authorities purchased equipment for the rapid diagnosis of the virus and sent the manuals to all medical facilities in the country. All airports in Norway and the chief doctors of all Norwegian communes also received a letter with instructions.

All blood transfusion stations in Norway have introduced a four-week quarantine for blood donors who have visited areas where the coronavirus is spreading.

Additional restrictions were introduced for a blood transfusion station in Oslo: all donors who have come into contact with persons who have visited areas where the coronavirus is spread must also undergo quarantine before donating blood.

From March 14, 2020, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Norway strongly recommends not to travel outside the country, except in cases of emergency, due to the rapid spread of the coronavirus in the world.

Here you can find all the recommendations of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

The Health Department and the Institute of Public Health asks all medical workers who have been in areas where the coronavirus is spreading to stay away from work and go through a 14-day quarantine at home.

Coronavirus. What is it?

SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (also called coronavirus and 2019-ncov) is a family of viruses. A similar name was given to them because of their appearance. Viruses are rounded and have spiny processes that can resemble a crown.

Coronavirus can lead to respiratory tract infections. For some, this may be fatal, for others, infections will have less severe consequences.

The virus is a so-called RNA virus. This means that its genetic material is made up of RNA (ribonucleic acid) and not DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). Because of this, the virus spreads quickly and mutates more often. On March 5, it became known that the coronavirus has two varieties.The original version of the virus, called the S-type virus, causes mild disease. Its second version, the L-type virus, is more aggressive and spreads faster. The world is now mainly spreading the S-type virus after the spread of the more aggressive type of virus was limited since January.

Scientists are working on a vaccine, but that will take time.

How dangerous is the virus?

It depends on the situation.Some have only mild symptoms, while the rest of the infected become seriously ill and die.

Those infected with the virus may develop fever, cough, and breathing problems. In severe cases, the disease can develop into pneumonia, acute pulmonary and renal failure.

Antibiotics do not help fight the virus, nor do regular flu medicines. Those infected patients who are admitted to hospitals are injected with additional fluid into the body, and also support the work of their internal organs.But otherwise, it is the immunity that must fight the virus.

According to the World Health Organization, the number of infected people dying from the virus remains low. Many of the dead were elderly or in poor health even before contracting the virus.

How contagious is the virus?

The virus is transmitted between people by airborne droplets, especially during coughing and sneezing. The virus can also be found on the surfaces of objects such as doorknobs and railings.

Most cases of the virus have occurred in China or after contact with those who have been in China for a while.

Scientists suggest that the real number of people infected with coronavirus is much higher than the official number of registered infections.

The spread of infection occurs in three ways:

1. Airborne: When a person infected with the virus sneezes or coughs. People standing nearby inhale the virus, or it comes into contact with the mucous membrane of the eyes, nose or mouth of these people.
2. Direct contact: when the virus is on the surface of the patient’s hands and the infection is transmitted through contact with other people.
3. Through indirect contact: when a virus has entered the surface of an object through sneezing / coughing or through direct contact of a person with the virus on the skin of an object with the object. If any of the people around them touched this object, then the virus will be transmitted to these people.

What measures are being taken to stop the spread of the virus?

Norwegian health authorities estimate that about 25% of the country’s population can be infected with the virus.Measures that can be used to limit the spread of the virus: reducing the use of public transport, redeploying medical personnel and extending the closure of schools and kindergartens On this page, the Institute of Public Health puts up-to-date information for the public.

The Chinese authorities isolated the whole city of Wuhan and all the surrounding territories. This limitation has affected several tens of millions of people.

Almost one thousand teams of doctors from other provinces of the country were sent to Wuhan.Also, two new hospitals were built there in record time.

Restrictions on the movement of people have been imposed in many Chinese cities. Many countries have introduced additional controls on those entering their territory.

Many airlines have suspended flights to China.

Scientists in many countries are developing a vaccine against coronavirus, but this will take a long time.

Where did the virus come from?

The virus was first detected in the Chinese city of Wuhan, west of Shanghai.Wuhan is home to 11 million people.

The first suspected cases of coronavirus infection were detected at the end of December 2019, and the first death was recorded on January 9 this year.