Severe Dandruff Solutions: Effective Treatments and Natural Remedies

11.08.202306.07.2023 by alexxlab

What are the best treatments for severe dandruff. How can you effectively manage dandruff at home. Which ingredients should you look for in anti-dandruff shampoos. When should you consult a doctor for dandruff treatment.

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Understanding Dandruff: Causes and Symptoms

Dandruff is a common scalp condition characterized by flaking skin and itchiness. It affects millions of people worldwide, causing discomfort and embarrassment. But what exactly causes dandruff?

The primary culprits behind dandruff include:

Overproduction of sebum (skin oil)
Malassezia, a naturally occurring fungus on the scalp
Dry skin
Sensitivity to hair care products
Certain skin conditions like psoriasis or eczema

Symptoms of dandruff typically include:

White or yellowish flakes on the scalp and hair
Itchy scalp
Red or irritated skin on the scalp
In severe cases, flaking on eyebrows, beard, or other areas with hair

Over-the-Counter Dandruff Shampoos: Key Ingredients and Effectiveness

Over-the-counter dandruff shampoos are often the first line of defense against this pesky condition. These shampoos contain various active ingredients that target different aspects of dandruff. Which ingredients should you look for in an anti-dandruff shampoo?

Zinc Pyrithione

Zinc pyrithione is a common ingredient found in popular dandruff shampoos like Head & Shoulders. How does it work? This compound has antifungal and antibacterial properties that help control the Malassezia fungus on your scalp.

Selenium Sulfide

Selenium sulfide, found in shampoos like Selsun Blue, works by slowing down the rate at which skin cells on your scalp die and flake off. It also has antifungal properties that combat Malassezia.

Ketoconazole

Ketoconazole is a potent antifungal agent found in shampoos like Nizoral. It’s particularly effective against stubborn dandruff cases caused by fungal overgrowth.

Coal Tar

Coal tar, found in products like Neutrogena T/Gel, helps slow down the rate of skin cell death and flaking. However, it’s important to note that coal tar can cause skin irritation in some people and may not be suitable for everyone.

Salicylic Acid

Salicylic acid helps remove scales from the scalp, making it effective for dandruff caused by conditions like seborrheic dermatitis or psoriasis. It’s often combined with other ingredients for maximum effectiveness.

Proper Usage of Dandruff Shampoos: Maximizing Their Effectiveness

Using dandruff shampoos correctly is crucial for achieving the best results. How should you use these specialized shampoos?

Wet your hair thoroughly.
Apply the shampoo directly to your scalp, not just your hair.
Massage the shampoo into your scalp gently but thoroughly.
Leave the shampoo on for 5 minutes, or as directed on the product label.
Rinse thoroughly to remove all traces of shampoo.

How often should you use dandruff shampoo? The frequency can vary depending on your hair type and the severity of your dandruff:

For most people with white or Asian hair, using dandruff shampoo twice a week is often sufficient.
People with Black hair may benefit from using dandruff shampoo once a week, complemented with regular conditioning treatments.
In severe cases, daily use might be necessary initially, followed by a reduced frequency as symptoms improve.

Natural Remedies for Dandruff: Home Treatments That Work

While medicated shampoos are effective, many people prefer to try natural remedies first. Can natural ingredients really help combat dandruff? Let’s explore some popular home treatments:

Tea Tree Oil

Tea tree oil has potent antifungal and antibacterial properties. How can you use it for dandruff? Mix a few drops of tea tree oil with a carrier oil like coconut oil and massage it into your scalp. Leave it on for 15-20 minutes before washing with a mild shampoo.

Apple Cider Vinegar

Apple cider vinegar can help balance the pH of your scalp and combat fungal growth. To use, mix equal parts apple cider vinegar and water, apply to your scalp, leave for 15 minutes, then rinse thoroughly.

Coconut Oil

Coconut oil has moisturizing and antifungal properties. Massage 3-5 teaspoons of coconut oil into your scalp, leave for an hour, then shampoo as usual.

Aloe Vera

Aloe vera can soothe an irritated scalp and has antifungal properties. Apply pure aloe vera gel to your scalp before shampooing.

Baking Soda

Baking soda can help exfoliate the scalp and reduce fungal growth. Wet your hair, apply a paste of baking soda and water to your scalp, leave for a few minutes, then rinse thoroughly.

Lifestyle Changes to Reduce Dandruff: Beyond Shampoos and Treatments

While treatments are essential, certain lifestyle changes can significantly reduce dandruff occurrence. What habits can help keep dandruff at bay?

Manage stress: High stress levels can exacerbate dandruff. Practice stress-reduction techniques like meditation or yoga.
Eat a balanced diet: A diet rich in zinc, B vitamins, and healthy fats can promote scalp health.
Avoid harsh hair products: Some hair styling products can irritate your scalp. Opt for gentle, natural products.
Brush your hair regularly: Brushing helps distribute natural oils and remove dead skin cells.
Limit hot showers: Very hot water can dry out your scalp. Use lukewarm water instead.
Get some sun: Moderate sun exposure can help control the Malassezia fungus. Just be sure to protect your skin from excessive UV damage.

When to See a Doctor: Recognizing Severe Dandruff

While most cases of dandruff can be managed at home, some situations warrant professional medical attention. When should you consult a doctor for dandruff treatment?

If over-the-counter treatments don’t work after several weeks of consistent use
If your scalp becomes extremely red, swollen, or painful
If you notice hair loss along with dandruff
If dandruff is accompanied by other symptoms like fever or swollen lymph nodes
If you have a weakened immune system

A dermatologist can provide a proper diagnosis and prescribe stronger treatments if necessary. These might include prescription-strength antifungal shampoos, topical corticosteroids, or oral medications.

Debunking Dandruff Myths: Separating Fact from Fiction

There are many misconceptions about dandruff that can lead to ineffective treatments or unnecessary worry. Let’s address some common myths:

Myth: Dandruff is caused by poor hygiene

Fact: While infrequent shampooing can make dandruff more noticeable, dandruff is not caused by poor hygiene. It’s primarily related to skin cell turnover and fungal growth on the scalp.

Myth: Dandruff is contagious

Fact: Dandruff is not contagious. You can’t “catch” dandruff from someone else or spread it to others.

Myth: Dandruff always causes visible flakes

Fact: Some people with dandruff may not have visible flakes but still experience itching and scalp irritation.

Myth: Dandruff only affects the scalp

Fact: While most common on the scalp, dandruff-like flaking can also occur in other areas with hair, such as eyebrows and beards.

Myth: All dandruff treatments work the same for everyone

Fact: Different people may respond differently to various dandruff treatments. What works for one person may not work for another, which is why it’s important to experiment with different solutions.

The Future of Dandruff Treatment: Emerging Research and Innovations

As our understanding of scalp health evolves, new approaches to dandruff treatment are emerging. What innovations are on the horizon for dandruff sufferers?

Microbiome-based Treatments

Researchers are exploring how the scalp’s microbiome (the community of microorganisms living on the skin) affects dandruff. Future treatments may focus on balancing this microbiome rather than just targeting specific fungi.

Personalized Treatments

As we learn more about the genetic factors influencing dandruff, personalized treatments based on an individual’s genetic profile may become available.

Probiotic Scalp Treatments

Similar to gut health, introducing beneficial bacteria to the scalp might help combat dandruff-causing microorganisms.

Nanotechnology

Nanoparticles could potentially deliver anti-dandruff ingredients more effectively to the scalp, improving treatment outcomes.

Plant-based Alternatives

Research into natural compounds with antifungal properties may lead to new, gentler dandruff treatments derived from plants.

While these innovations are exciting, it’s important to remember that they are still in development. Current treatments, when used correctly, remain effective for most people dealing with dandruff.

Severe dandruff can be frustrating, but with the right approach, it’s a manageable condition. Whether you opt for over-the-counter shampoos, natural remedies, or seek professional help, consistency is key. Remember to be patient, as it may take several weeks to see significant improvement. By combining effective treatments with healthy scalp habits, you can keep those pesky flakes at bay and enjoy a healthier, more comfortable scalp.

Dandruff Treatments and Remedies

Written by WebMD Editorial Contributors

Medically Reviewed by Poonam Sachdev on February 21, 2023

Dandruff Shampoos
Home Treatments for Dandruff
When to See a Doctor for Dandruff Treatment

Dandruff treatments are ways you can get rid of or control itching and flaking on your scalp. The first two to try are brushing your hair and using a dandruff shampoo.

Brush your hair from your scalp down with steady, firm strokes. This carries the oil away from your scalp, where the buildup of it and skin cells can cause dandruff. Moving it along the hair strands helps keep your hair shiny and healthy.

Not all dandruff shampoos are alike. Some have different active ingredients, such as:

Coal tar preparations (Denorex Therapeutic Protection, Neutrogena T/Gel, Scytera)
Pyrithione zinc (Selsun Blue for Itchy Dry Scalp, Neutrogena T/Gel Daily Control Dandruff Shampoo, Head & Shoulders)
Salicylic acid and sulfur (Sebex, Sebulex)
Salicylic acid (Neutrogena T/Sal )
Selenium sulfide (Dandrex, Head & Shoulders Clinical Strength, Selsun)
Ketoconazole (Extina, Nizoral A-D, Xolegel)

You may need to switch between types of shampoos if one type controls the dandruff at first but later loses its effectiveness. And if you decide to try a shampoo that has coal tar in it, you’ll need to use care. Coal tar treats dandruff by making the skin cells on your scalp die and flake off more slowly, but there are things you should know:

Some people have an allergic reaction to it.
It can change the color of lighter-colored hair, fingernails, skin, and clothes.
You’ll need to keep it away from any cuts, broken skin, or infections, as well as your eyes.
It can make your skin more sensitive to sunlight. You should stay out of the sun for 24 to 72 hours after using it.
Women who are pregnant or breastfeeding shouldn’t use it.

How to use dandruff shampoos

When shampooing:

Rub the shampoo into your scalp well.
Leave the shampoo on your head for 5 minutes, or as directed.
Rinse thoroughly. Any leftover shampoo may irritate your skin.

How often you should use dandruff shampoo can vary from daily to a couple of times a week:

For white and Asian American people, the best approach is to shampoo every day but use dandruff shampoo only twice a week. If that doesn’t get rid of it, you might try alternating shampoos that have different treatment ingredients.
For Black people, it’s usually best to use a dandruff shampoo only once a week. You also might want to talk with a dermatologist about which one would work best for your hair. Consider a conditioner as well as a hot oil treatment twice a month. If you want to relax the kinks in your hair, go to a professional hair stylist for chemical relaxers (no more than once every 2-3 months). You also can use a ceramic comb or iron on the lowest possible temperature to straighten your hair at home (no more than once a week).

Once your dandruff is under control, you may be able to use dandruff shampoo less often.

Aside from dandruff shampoos, a few other things may help control it. For example, managing your stress could help with flaking, or you might try some of these natural treatments. They’re either moisturizing or they might be helpful against bacteria or fungi:

Coconut oil. Start by rubbing 3 to 5 teaspoons of this into your scalp, then wait an hour and shampoo your hair.

Aloe vera. Rub a bit into your scalp just before you shampoo your hair.
Apple cider vinegar: Mix a quarter cup of apple cider vinegar with a quarter cup of water, then pour it over your scalp. Leave it in for at least 15 minutes, then rinse your scalp well.
Aspirin. Crush two aspirin and mix them with your shampoo, then shampoo your hair. Let it sit for 2 minutes then rinse it out.
Baking soda. Wet your hair, then put baking soda on your scalp. Let it sit for a few minutes, then rinse it out.
Lemon juice. Rub 2 teaspoons of lemon juice into your scalp, let it sit for a couple of minutes, then rinse. Follow that by mixing another teaspoon of lemon juice mixed with 1 cup of water and pouring it over your scalp.
Olive oil. Rub several drops of olive oil into your scalp, cover your hair with a shower cap, then sleep on it. In the morning, shampoo your hair.

Some studies have shown that tea tree oil, a by-product of the Australian tea tree, may help with dandruff, but more research is needed. In some cases, it can irritate your skin or cause an allergic reaction.

If you’re still scratching and shedding after trying over-the-counter preparations, see your doctor. For really stubborn dandruff cases, you may need to use a prescription shampoo or topical medication.

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How to Get Rid of Dandruff: 9 Home Remedies

There are a variety of ways to attempt to get rid of dandruff, from medicated shampoos and corticosteroids to alternative remedies like tea tree oil and baking soda.

Dandruff, which is characterized by itchy, white flakes of skin on your scalp, can be uncomfortable and embarrassing to deal with. It may also cause other symptoms, such as greasy patches on your scalp and tingling skin.

However, it’s easy to treat and relatively common, with some reports estimating that this condition affects up to 42% of infants and 1–3% of adults worldwide (1).

Dandruff may be caused by multiple factors, including dry skin, seborrheic dermatitis, sensitivity to hair products, and the growth of a specific type of fungus that lives on your scalp (2).

Though there are plenty of over-the-counter (OTC) products designed to treat dandruff, natural remedies are often just as effective.

Here are 10 simple home remedies to naturally get rid of dandruff.

Historically, tea tree oil has been used to treat ailments such as acne and psoriasis.

It is also proven to have powerful antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties, which may help alleviate symptoms of dandruff (1, 3, 4).

In fact, according to one older review, tea tree oil is effective at fighting the specific strain of fungus that can cause both seborrheic dermatitis and dandruff (5).

Another study found that applying placental tissue soaked in tea tree oil to the skin was more effective than a prescription antifungal treatment at healing lesions caused by this fungus (6).

What’s more, in an older study, 126 people with dandruff used a shampoo containing either 5% tea tree oil or a placebo daily. After 4 weeks, tea tree oil reduced the severity of symptoms by 41% and improved greasiness and itchiness, compared with the placebo (7).

Still, more high quality research is needed.

Additionally, tea tree oil may cause irritation in those with sensitive skin. Therefore, it’s best to dilute it by adding a few drops to a carrier oil such as coconut oil before applying it directly to your skin.

summary
Tea tree oil has antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties that may help reduce the severity and symptoms of dandruff.

Renowned for its multiple health benefits, coconut oil is also used as a natural remedy for dandruff.

It may work by improving skin hydration and preventing dryness, which can worsen dandruff.

According to some research, coconut oil may be as effective as mineral oil in improving skin hydration when applied as a moisturizer (8).

Other research suggests that coconut oil aids the treatment of eczema, a skin condition that may contribute to dandruff.

One older, 8-week study found that applying coconut oil to the skin reduced symptoms of atopic dermatitis — a type of eczema characterized by itching and inflammation — by 68% (9).

In a 12-week study in 140 women, applying coconut oil to the scalp led to significant improvements in the scalp microbiome and certain markers of dandruff (10).

Coconut oil and its compounds have also been shown to have antimicrobial properties in some test-tube studies, although researchers have not yet examined the effects on the specific strain of fungus that causes dandruff (11).

summary
Coconut oil may improve skin hydration and reduce dryness, thereby combating symptoms of eczema and dandruff.

Aloe vera is a succulent that’s often added to skin ointments, cosmetics, and lotions.

When applied to the skin, it may help treat skin conditions such as burns, psoriasis, and cold sores (12).

According to one review, the antibacterial and antifungal properties of aloe vera may also protect against dandruff (13).

Similarly, several test-tube studies show that aloe vera may be effective against several species of fungi and may help control certain fungal infections (14, 15).

Test-tube studies have also found that aloe vera can reduce inflammation, which may relieve symptoms (16).

Despite these promising results, additional studies are needed.

summary
Aloe vera has antibacterial and antifungal properties that may reduce inflammation and decrease dandruff symptoms, but more research is needed.

Stress is believed to affect many aspects of health and wellness, influencing everything from chronic conditions to mental health (17).

While stress itself doesn’t cause dandruff, it may worsen symptoms such as dryness and itching (1).

Long-term high stress levels may alter or suppress your immune system’s activity, which may impair your body’s ability to fight off some fungal infections and skin conditions that contribute to dandruff (18).

In fact, in a study in 166 people with seborrheic dermatitis — one of the most common causes of dandruff — approximately 28% reported that stress was a trigger for dermatitis symptoms (19).

To keep stress levels under control, you can try stress reduction techniques such as meditation, yoga, deep breathing, or aromatherapy.

summary
Stress may weaken your immune system and decrease your body’s ability to fight off infections that cause dandruff. Furthermore, stress often precedes episodes of seborrheic dermatitis, one of the most common causes of dandruff.

Apple cider vinegar has been associated with a variety of health benefits and is often used as a natural remedy for dandruff.

That’s because the vinegar’s acidity is believed to help stimulate the shedding of dead skin cells on your scalp. Apple cider vinegar is also said to balance the pH of your skin to reduce fungal growth and thus fight dandruff.

However, no studies support these claims. Many of the supposed benefits of apple cider vinegar for dandruff are based on anecdotal evidence.

In fact, one small study in 22 people found that applying diluted apple cider vinegar to the skin topically didn’t improve eczema or skin barrier integrity — and even worsened skin irritation (20).

That said, test-tube studies show that apple cider vinegar and its compounds may prevent the growth of certain types of fungus (21, 22).

If you’d like to give apple cider vinegar a try, add a few tablespoons to your shampoo or combine it with essential oils and spray directly onto your hair.

summary
While no research backs these claims, apple cider vinegar is anecdotally said to remove dead skin cells and balance the pH of your scalp to reduce dandruff.

Salicylic acid is one of the primary compounds found in aspirin that’s responsible for its anti-inflammatory properties (23).

This acid is also an ingredient in many anti-dandruff shampoos.

It works by helping to get rid of scaly skin and loosening flakes so they can be removed (24, 25).

In an older, 4-week study, 19 people with dandruff used two shampoos containing either piroctone olamine and salicylic acid or zinc pyrithione. Both shampoos decreased dandruff, but the one containing salicylic acid was more effective in reducing the severity of scaling (26).

Another small study showed that a shampoo containing salicylic acid — along with other ingredients such as glycolic acid and urea — significantly improved irritation and itching in 10 people with scalp inflammation (27).

For an easy dandruff remedy, try crushing two aspirin tablets and adding the powder to your shampoo before washing your hair.

summary
Aspirin contains salicylic acid, an ingredient found in many anti-dandruff shampoos. This acid has been shown to be effective in the treatment of seborrheic dermatitis and dandruff.

Omega-3 fatty acids play an important role in your body.

Not only do they make up the cell membranes that surround your cells, but they’re also crucial for the function of your heart, immune system, and lungs (28).

Plus, omega-3s are vital to skin health. They help manage oil production and hydration, promote wound healing, and prevent premature aging (29).

A deficiency in omega-3 fatty acids can cause an array of symptoms, including dry hair, dry skin, and even dandruff (28).

Although more research is needed, omega-3 fatty acids may reduce inflammation, which may, in turn, relieve irritation and dandruff symptoms (30).

Fatty fish like salmon, trout, and mackerel are excellent sources of omega-3 fatty acids. You can also take a fish oil supplement or increase your intake of other omega-3-rich foods, such as flaxseed, chia seeds, and walnuts.

summary
Omega-3 fatty acids are important to skin health and may help reduce inflammation. Deficiency can cause dry skin, dry hair, and dandruff.

Probiotics are beneficial bacteria that have been linked to numerous health benefits, including allergy protection, lower cholesterol levels, and increased weight loss (31, 32).

These bacteria may also enhance immune function, which may help your body fight the fungal infections that cause dandruff (33).

In fact, one study showed that taking probiotics for 56 days significantly reduced dandruff severity in 60 people (34).

Probiotics have also been shown to help treat and prevent skin conditions such as eczema and dermatitis, especially in infants and children (35, 36, 37).

Probiotics are widely available in supplement form for a quick and convenient dose. They can also be found in many fermented foods, such as kombucha, kimchi, tempeh, sauerkraut, and natto.

summary
Probiotics may help enhance immune function and have been shown to reduce dandruff severity.

Baking soda is a quick, convenient, and readily available dandruff remedy.

It’s believed to act as a gentle exfoliant to remove dead skin cells and reduce scaling and itchiness. It also has antifungal properties that may benefit dandruff treatment.

An older test-tube study measured the antifungal effects of baking soda on some of the most common strains of fungus that cause skin infections and found that it completely inhibited fungal growth in 79% of specimens after 7 days (38).

Another older study looked at the effects of baking soda on 31 people with psoriasis. Treatment with baking soda baths significantly reduced both itchiness and irritation after just 3 weeks (39).

However, more research is needed, as one study found that baking soda had no effect on psoriasis, skin hydration, or skin redness (40).

For best results, apply baking soda directly to wet hair and massage it into your scalp. Let it sit for 1–2 minutes, and then continue shampooing your hair as usual.

summary
Baking soda has antifungal properties and may help relieve itching and skin irritation. However, more studies are needed.

Although more research is needed on the relationship between diet and dandruff, some people may find that limiting consumption of certain foods relieves inflammation, which may help improve scalp health.

Furthermore, some studies suggest that dietary modifications prevent fungal infections by controlling the growth of yeast and improving the gut microbiome, which may aid in the treatment of dandruff (41, 42, 43).

Some foods that you may want to limit are (44):

refined carbs such as white bread, white pasta, tortillas, and crackers
red meat
processed foods
fried foods
sugary foods and beverages

Additionally, certain foods may trigger flare-ups of skin conditions such as eczema, which may contribute to dandruff.

While specific trigger foods vary from person to person, some of the most common are white flour, gluten-containing products, and nightshades such as eggplants, peppers, and tomatoes (45).

summary
Making changes to your diet may reduce inflammation and prevent fungal infections, which may help treat dandruff. Some foods may also trigger symptoms of eczema, which may cause itchy skin and dandruff.

Although many home remedies for dandruff are available, additional treatment may be necessary in some cases.

Many OTC medicated shampoos and scalp treatments contain antifungal or antibacterial ingredients designed to decrease dandruff.

If these products don’t work after 2–3 weeks, you may want to consult a dermatologist to determine whether other prescription shampoos or medications would be beneficial.

Healthcare professionals often prescribe topical antifungal medications, corticosteroids, and immunomodulators to treat dandruff and other skin conditions, such as psoriasis and dermatitis (1).

summary
While home remedies are often beneficial, you may need topical medications or shampoos to treat dandruff.

Although dandruff can be a difficult problem to deal with, a variety of natural remedies may reduce symptoms and provide relief.

The next time you start spotting flakes, try a few of the natural remedies above to support scalp health and decrease dandruff naturally.

If these remedies don’t work, consult a dermatologist to find out whether other treatment options may be necessary to provide long lasting relief.

Just one thing

Try this today: Switching up your diet is a simple and effective way to support your scalp. Check out this article for a list of 14 healthy, delicious foods that may promote scalp health and hair growth.

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Treatment of dry dandruff – Publications – An-Tek Laboratory

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Dry dandruff is a common problem in 30% of people over 12 years of age. It is an aesthetic problem, spoils the appearance of the hair and requires treatment.

Normally, the epidermis of the scalp is renewed every two weeks, and dead dry particles are easily removed when washing. The microbacteria of the fungus, which are normal on the scalp, feed on the secreted fat and take part in the exfoliation of the skin. Excessive production of fat leads to the accelerated appearance of particles of the epidermis. There are a lot of these particles, and as a result they stick together into dense dry flakes, clearly visible on the hair.

Dry flakes are small in size but abundantly cover the forehead and crown area, cause dryness, irritation, weaken hair and make it thinner. Dry scales fall on clothes and cause additional problems. Combing or washing dry dandruff is impossible – as soon as the hair dries, dandruff becomes noticeable again. This situation requires treatment, as well as compliance with certain rules, without which dandruff will return again.

What is the main problem of dandruff? Not in an aesthetic defect, although the untidy appearance of hair due to dandruff is very upsetting for both men and women. But the main disadvantage is the formation of a dry layer of keratinized particles on the scalp and the deterioration of oxygen access due to dandruff to the hair follicles. This is fraught with damage to the hair follicle – a reversible condition that requires long-term treatment.

Fighting dandruff can and should be done to prevent more serious problems. It is important to get professional advice from a trichologist, who will select the appropriate treatment regimen and preparations for the care and fight against dry dandruff.

Causes of dry dandruff

It is difficult to determine the exact cause of dandruff, dry or oily, but it is important to determine the factors contributing to the development of the disease. Among them:

hormonal failures of the body;
metabolic disorder;
diseases of the gastrointestinal tract;
lack of vitamins and minerals;
taking strong drugs;
stresses;
moving to another climatic zone;
adherence to strict diets or unhealthy eating habits.

Dandruff, especially dry dandruff, can also appear due to improper care. Excessively dry scalp reacts to this condition and accelerates cell renewal even more, leading to the formation of dandruff.

Methods of treatment

If you have dandruff, contact a specialist who will conduct the necessary diagnosis and prescribe treatment. It may include:

medicinal preparations for external use;
specialized shampoos;
normalization of the diet.

A dandruff treatment plan may include changes to your daily routine – more walking, more fresh air, and more protein in your diet and less fat. This helps to moisturize the skin and normalize the production of sebum, which reduces the likelihood of dandruff. Dry skin becomes softer, and keratinized scales are removed naturally.

Prevention of dandruff

How to prevent dandruff? It is most effective to monitor the state of the body as a whole, so that later you do not treat dandruff as a result of certain problems. To do this, it is worth:

follow a diet, eat enough vegetables and fruits;
regularly make hair masks, selected by type;
limit the use of hair dryers, irons, styling products;
take vitamin complexes twice a year – in the autumn-spring period;
play sports and monitor metabolism.

For dry dandruff, foods rich in natural fatty acids are useful – nuts, sea fish, dairy products, seafood, avocados. Exacerbation of chronic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, decreased immunity, nutritional errors, stress, etc. contribute to the appearance of dandruff and lead to the need for treatment.

The course of therapy lasts from several months to six months, even with effective treatment. Contact the experts to quickly cope with the problem and return the hair to a beautiful and healthy look.

Alexander Alekseevich Leibman

Chief Scientific Consultant
Master of Medical Science
Founder and founder of the An-Tek Laboratory in Russia

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Dandruff, a detailed guide | Smart Health Consumer

What can be done to get rid of mild dandruff?

If your dandruff is not very “strong”, you can solve the problem in the following way:

How to choose anti-dandruff shampoo?

First use special shampoos containing one or more of the following:

salicylic acid
sulfur ( sulfur)
zinc pyrithione
tar (tar).

Salicylic acid and sulfur dissolve large flakes of dandruff and contribute to a more imperceptible exfoliation of scalp cells, in the form of microscopic particles.

Zinc pyrithione and tar slow down the division of scalp cells.

In addition, sulfur and zinc pyrithione inhibit the growth of fungi involved in dandruff (see below).

Shampoos with the ingredients listed above are available in many pharmacies and supermarkets. Usually in their description it is indicated that these are exactly “dandruff remedies”.

If you find shampoos that contain both sulfur and salicylic acid, look for them first. According to some scientific studies, these shampoos may be more effective than products containing only one of these components.

How to use dandruff shampoo correctly?

After choosing a shampoo, wash your hair every day for 2 weeks. After applying the shampoo to your hair, try to distribute it evenly with your fingers on the scalp, at the roots of the hair, and leave it on the hair for 5-10 minutes. After that, rinse the shampoo with warm running water.

During the first two weeks of regular use of the new shampoo, the amount of dandruff should decrease significantly. If so, continue to the next step: Maintain effect.

If dandruff persists after 2 weeks of daily use of the new shampoo with salicylic acid, sulfur, zinc pyrithione or tar, start a new “treatment” according to the regimen What can be done to get rid of severe dandruff (see below) .

Maintenance: How to prevent the recurrence of dandruff

To maintain the effect achieved in the first step, continue without interruption, 2 times a week, washing your hair with your new shampoo (for example, on Monday and Thursday).

If you are in the habit of washing your hair more than 2 times a week, on the other 5 days of the week, you can wash your hair with regular shampoo (see below How to choose a good “every day” shampoo?), or if you do not have oily hair, you can try washing your hair without shampoo or only with hair conditioner ( conditioner – conditioner ). This will help avoid excessive drying of the scalp, which can also contribute to the development of dandruff.

What can be done to get rid of severe dandruff?

First use special shampoos containing one of the following:

ketoconazole ( ketoconazol )
selenium sulfide

Ketoconazole and selenium sulfide inhibit the growth of a microscopic fungus (Malassezia) that contributes to severe dandruff. In addition to the antimicrobial action, selenium sulfide slows down the division of scalp cells.

Shampoos with a 1% concentration of ketoconazole or selenium sulfide are available in many pharmacies and supermarkets. Products with a concentration of ketoconazole at 2% and selenium sulfide at 2.5% are usually sold only in pharmacies, and a doctor’s prescription may be required to purchase them. Such products are often referred to as “medicated dandruff shampoos.”

You can start with 1% ketoconazole or selenium sulfide shampoos and choose any product that suits your price and contains one of these active ingredients. The results of scientific studies indicate that shampoos containing selenium sulfide or ketoconazole have almost the same effectiveness.

Please note that selenium sulfide shampoos can make hair look “greasy”. For this reason, if you already have “greasy” hair, it will be the right decision to choose a shampoo with ketoconazole.

On the other hand, if your hair is dry and lacks shine, selenium sulfide shampoo may be perfect for you.

How to use dandruff treatment shampoo?

After choosing a shampoo, wash your hair twice a week (eg Monday and Thursday) for 2-4 weeks.

After applying the shampoo to the hair, try to distribute it evenly with your fingers on the scalp, at the roots of the hair, and leave it on the hair for 5 minutes.

If you are used to washing your hair more than 2 times a week, on the other 5 days of the week, you can wash your hair with regular shampoo (see below How to choose a good “every day” shampoo?), or if you do not have oily hair, you you can try to wash your hair without shampoo or only hair conditioner ( conditioner – conditioner ). This will help avoid excessive drying of the scalp, which can also contribute to the development of dandruff.

During the first 2-4 weeks of regular use of the new ketoconazole or selenium sulfide shampoo, dandruff should decrease significantly. If this happens, go to the next step: Maintaining the effect.

If, after 4 weeks of daily use of the new shampoo, dandruff persists, be sure to consult a dermatologist in order to consult with him about the possibility of using more concentrated shampoos. Once you have a prescription for a medicated shampoo, and other more serious causes have been ruled out (see below), you will be able to repeat the initial course described above.

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Maintaining the effect: what to do so that severe dandruff does not appear again

To maintain the effect achieved in the first step, continue to use your new ketoconazole or selenium sulfide shampoo once every two weeks (eg every other Saturday) until the bottle runs out.

For other days, you need to buy second shampoo , with one or two of the following components:

sulfur ( sulfur)
pyrithione zinc ( pyrithione zinc )
tar (tar)

and use it constantly , 2 times a week (for example, on Monday and Thursday).

If, after a few weeks of using your new shampoos, you are satisfied with the result, you can continue to care for your hair as described above.

If the effect is not enough, you can try to replace the second shampoo with another product with a different active ingredient.

When do I need to see a doctor to solve the problem of dandruff?

If you have already tried to solve the problem of dandruff on your own with different means, tried the schemes described above and nothing worked, it would be the right decision to consult a dermatologist or trichologist (a doctor who specializes in solving problems related to hair health).

Also, be sure to see a doctor if, in addition to severe dandruff, you have a severe “itchy head” and / or if red spots, sores or “pimples” appear on the scalp. In such cases, the appearance of dandruff may be associated with skin diseases such as seborrhea , fungal infection, psoriasis (these require special treatment). see Evidence-based patient guidance on psoriasis.

If your doctor confirms that this is “normal dandruff”, he may recommend that you have a shampoo treatment with a higher concentration of antifungal ingredients (ketoconazole or selenium sulfide).

As an additional remedy, in order to achieve a good effect faster, the doctor may suggest that you use another shampoo along with the antifungal shampoo shampoo with corticosteroid hormones (eg with clobetasol propionate).

If your doctor determines that dandruff may be related to some other skin condition, he will help you find the treatment you need to solve this problem.

Answers to some additional questions

Is there any connection between dandruff and hair loss?

In some cases, hair loss may indeed be due to dandruff. However, dandruff treatment alone may not be enough to solve the problem of hair loss. In this regard, if you are concerned about both dandruff and hair loss, be sure to review our recommendations in Article how to determine the cause of hair loss and solve this problem?.

What causes dandruff? Why does she appear again and again?

According to experts, one of the main causes of dandruff in people is their individual predisposition to it.

Since dandruff is formed during the natural renewal of the scalp, which continues throughout a person’s life, people with a predisposition to this problem, in many cases, cannot get rid of it once and for all.

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As soon as they stop using special shampoos that slow down the division of skin cells or dissolve large flakes of dandruff, it becomes noticeable again.

As we have already shown above, the only solution to the problem can only be regular and constant use of anti-dandruff shampoos (for example, 2 times a week, during the entire period when it is important for you to avoid dandruff).

Some research suggests that another cause of dandruff may be excessive drying of the scalp with strong cleansers found in many daily shampoos.

As we have already shown in our acne guide , for the skin to work properly and slough off cells from its surface, it must have a certain level of moisture, which is provided by a thin layer of oil produced by the sebaceous glands.

Exactly the same mechanisms “work” at the level of the scalp. Strong cleaners can strip away the protective layer of grease and dry out the skin. In dry skin, the cells of the superficial layer divide at an accelerated pace and are sloughed off in large pieces, which can outwardly manifest itself as an “intensification” of dandruff.

Is dandruff related to a fungus?

The appearance of dandruff, indeed, to a certain extent, is also associated with the activity of microscopic fungi such as Malassezia (syn. Pityrosporum), inhabiting the hair and scalp. It is for this reason that shampoos with antifungal components are used to solve the problem of severe dandruff, , which we talked about above.

Is dandruff “contagious”? Is it transmitted from person to person?

Although dandruff may indeed be caused by microscopic fungi, it is not contagious. The fungi involved in its appearance are present on the skin of many people who do not have dandruff.

Why, besides dandruff, does my head itch a lot?

According to some researchers, the appearance of itching may be due to the irritating effect of the fungi Malassezia on the scalp. To eliminate itching, as a rule, you do not need to take any special measures. The above recommendations for solving the problem of dandruff help to cope with itching.

How to choose a good “every day” shampoo?

As we said above, according to some studies, the development of dandruff can also be associated with excessive drying of the skin, under the influence of strong cleaning agents (most often it is sodium lauryl sulfate and its derivatives).

Therefore, when choosing a shampoo for every day, try to choose a shampoo that does not contain sodium lauryl sulfate and give preference to shampoos that contain more “soft” cleansers, such as:

Sodium Cocoyl Isethionate
Sodium Isethionate
Cocamidopropyl Betaine
Disodium laureth sulfosuccinate
Sodium dodecyl sulfate.

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Do I need a special anti-dandruff shampoo for men?

Men get dandruff for the same reasons as women, so they can use exactly the same remedies to solve this problem.

Is it possible to cope with dandruff with vegetable oils and medicinal herbs?

One clinical study found that using a 5% solution of tea tree oil can actually help reduce dandruff. However, these data are still not enough to recommend tea tree oil as a truly effective and proven remedy.

We have not been able to find any scientific data that would indicate the effectiveness of other types of oils in the treatment of dandruff, such as castor, olive, burdock. As such, we cannot recommend these products to you.

The effectiveness of herbal remedies for dandruff is also very poorly understood. We were able to find research results that indicate that Aloe Vera leaf extract can inhibit the growth of fungi Malassezia in vitro (see above Is dandruff related to a fungus?), however, we have not found any reports that shampoos containing Aloe extract really help to manage dandruff.

We have not been able to find any scientific data regarding the beneficial effects of other herbs, including calendula, burdock, etc. As such, we cannot recommend that you use these products.

Does rinsing hair with vinegar or soda help with dandruff?

The efficacy of vinegar and baking soda in treating dandruff has not been studied in scientific studies. However, based on existing data, we can draw several conclusions about this: and imperceptible desquamation of skin cells is disturbed.

Vinegar is also likely to be ineffective for dandruff. Even though it is an acid, its chemical structure is very different from salicylic acid and other hydroxy acids that are produced by scalp cells and used in dandruff shampoos.

What can dandruff in the ears mean?

Normally a small amount of dandruff “collects” in the ears and falls off the head.

If you notice that dandruff is really forming inside your ears, this may be a sign seborrhea .

What can “dandruff” on the body mean?

The appearance of dandruff on the body may be a sign of seborrhea.

In cases where “dandruff” appears only on limited areas of the skin of the body, forming “spots covered with silvery scales”, you need to see a doctor. The cause of the problem, in such situations, may be seborrhea, psoriasis, versicolor and some other skin diseases.

What does profuse dandruff mean in a child or teenager?

Severe dandruff in children and adolescents can be caused by fungal infections of the skin, such as ringworm . In this regard, if you notice profuse dandruff in your child, be sure to show it to the doctor.

What can dandruff mean in a newborn baby?

In some healthy newborns, skin cells divide rapidly and accumulate on the surface, not having time to exfoliate “in time”. In this regard, large yellow-brown flakes of “dandruff” can often be seen on the scalp of such children. In medicine it is called childhood seborrhea . The same scales of dandruff can form on the face of a child. This is completely normal.

As the child grows older, the processes of division and desquamation of his skin cells will be regulated.

In most newborns, the “dandruff” disappears after a few weeks or months (in some cases it can last up to 8 months).

If you would like to remove the scales from your baby’s skin, you can “moisten” them with a little baby oil (but not vegetable oil, as it encourages fungus growth) and, after a few hours, gently brush them off with a soft-bristled brush.

What does severe dandruff mean in an elderly person?

In such cases, the cause of the problem may be seborrhea .

See sources

Angela Sanfilippo, J.C., 2006. An Overview of Medicated Shampoos Used in Dandruff Treatment. P&T , 31(7), pp. 396–400.
Dikshit, A. et al., 2012. Botanicals for the management of dandruff. Medicinal Plants , 4(2), pp.55–64.
Family Physicians Inquiries Network, 2007. What is a cradle cap and how should it be treated? Journal of Family Practice , (July), p.2007.
Hay, R.J., 2011. Malassezia, dandruff and seborrhoeic dermatitis: An overview. British Journal of Dermatology , 165(SUPPL. 2), pp.2–8.
Schwartz, J.R. et al., 2013. Therapeutic efficacy of anti-dandruff shampoos: A randomized clinical trial comparing products based on potentiated zinc pyrithione and zinc pyrithione/climbazole. International Journal of Cosmetic Science , 35(4), pp. 381–387.
Turner, G. a., Hoptroff, M. & Harding, C. R., 2012. Stratum corneum dysfunction in dandruff. International Journal of Cosmetic Science , 34(4), pp.298–306.