Uses, Side Effects, Interactions & Pill Images

• 
  BOI00221: This medicine is a red, oblong, translucent, capsule imprinted with “Dulcolax”.

IMPORTANT: HOW TO USE THIS INFORMATION: This is a summary and does NOT have all possible information about this product. This information does not assure that this product is safe, effective, or appropriate for you. This information is not individual medical advice and does not substitute for the advice of your health care professional. Always ask your health care professional for complete information about this product and your specific health needs.

This medication is used to treat occasional constipation. Some medications and conditions can make constipation more likely. Stool softeners such as docusate are often the first method used for preventing and treating this type of constipation. Docusate is often used when straining to have a bowel movement should be avoided (e.g., after a heart attack or surgery).Docusate is a stool softener. It works by increasing the amount of water the stool absorbs in the gut, making the stool softer and easier to pass.

Follow all directions on the product package unless otherwise directed by your doctor. If you have any questions, ask your doctor or pharmacist.Take this medication by mouth, usually at bedtime with a full glass (8 ounces or 240 milliliters) of water or juice, or as directed by your doctor. The dosage is based on your medical condition and response to therapy. Decrease your dose or stop taking this medication if you develop diarrhea.If you are using the liquid form of this medication, measure the dose carefully using a special measuring device/spoon. Do not use a household spoon because you may not get the correct dose. If you are using the drops, measure the medication with the dropper provided, or use a dose-measuring spoon or device to make sure you have the correct dose. Mix the syrup, liquid or drops in 4 to 8 ounces of fruit juice, milk or infant formula to prevent throat irritation and mask a bitter taste.Use this medication only when needed. Do not use this product for more than 1 week unless directed by your doctor.Relief is usually seen in 1 to 3 days.Inform your doctor if your condition persists or worsens.

Stomach pain, diarrhea, or cramping may occur. Irritated throat (with liquid or syrup forms) may also occur. If any of these effects persist or worsen, notify your doctor or pharmacist promptly.If your doctor has directed you to use this medication, remember that he or she has judged that the benefit to you is greater than the risk of side effects. Many people using this medication do not have serious side effects.Tell your doctor right away if this unlikely but serious side effect occurs: rectal bleeding.A very serious allergic reaction to this drug is unlikely, but seek immediate medical attention if it occurs. Symptoms of a serious allergic reaction may include: rash, itching/swelling (especially of the face/tongue/throat), severe dizziness, trouble breathing. This is not a complete list of possible side effects. If you notice other effects not listed above, contact your doctor or pharmacist.In the US -Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or at www.fda.gov/medwatch.In Canada – Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to Health Canada at 1-866-234-2345.

Before taking this medication, tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are allergic to it or if you have any other allergies. This product may contain inactive ingredients, which can cause allergic reactions or other problems. Talk to your pharmacist for more details.If you have any of the following health problems, consult your doctor or pharmacist before using this medication: severe abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, sudden change in bowel habits over the previous 2 weeks.This medication should be used only when clearly needed during pregnancy. Discuss the risks and benefits with your doctor. It is not known if this drug passes into breast milk. Consult your doctor before breast-feeding.

Drug interactions may change how your medications work or increase your risk for serious side effects. This document does not contain all possible drug interactions. Keep a list of all the products you use (including prescription/nonprescription drugs and herbal products) and share it with your doctor and pharmacist. Do not start, stop, or change the dosage of any medicines without your doctor’s approval.Some products that may interact with this drug include: mineral oil, drugs containing phenolphthalein.

If someone has overdosed and has serious symptoms such as passing out or trouble breathing, call 911. Otherwise, call a poison control center right away. US residents can call their local poison control center at 1-800-222-1222. Canada residents can call a provincial poison control center.

Do not share this medication with others.Constipation can usually be prevented by eating a diet high in fiber, drinking enough fluids and getting regular exercise. Use this medication for temporary relief of constipation only. Do not use this medication for a long period of time to prevent becoming dependent on laxatives.

If you miss a dose, use it as soon as you remember. If it is near the time of the next dose, skip the missed dose. Use your next dose at the regular time. Do not double the dose to catch up.

Store at room temperature at 59-86 degrees F (15-30 degrees C) in a tightly closed container away from light and moisture. Do not store in the bathroom. Keep all medicines away from children and pets.Do not flush medications down the toilet or pour them into a drain unless instructed to do so. Properly discard this product when it is expired or no longer needed. Consult your pharmacist or local waste disposal company for more details about how to safely discard your product.

Information last revised June 2020. Copyright(c) 2021 First Databank, Inc.

Stool Softener – Stimulant Free Laxative – Dulcolax®

Active ingredient (in each liquid gel)

Docusate sodium USP 100 mg

Purpose

Stool softener laxative

Use

• for relief of occasional constipation and
  irregularity
• this constipation product generally
  produces a bowel movement in 12 to 72
  hours

Warnings

Do not use if you are presently
taking mineral oil

Ask a doctor before use if you have:

• stomach pain, nausea or vomiting
• noticed a sudden change in bowel habits
  that lasts more than 2 weeks

Stop
use and ask a doctor if

• you have rectal bleeding or no bowel
  movement after using this product. These
  could be signs of a serious
  condition.
• you need to use a laxative for more than 7
  days

If pregnant or breast-feeding,
ask a health professional before use.

Keep out of reach of children.
In case of overdose, get medical help or
contact a Poison Control Center right
away.

Directions

• take with a glass of water
  

  Adults and children 12 years of age and over	1 to 3 capsules daily. This dose may be taken as a single daily dose or in divided doses.
  Children 2 to under 12 years of age	1 capsule daily
  Children under 2 years of age	ask a doctor

Other information

• each capsule contains:
  sodium 6mg
• do not use this product if the safety seal
  under the cap is torn or missing

Dulcolax Laxative (Bisacodyl (Oral And Rectal)) – Side Effects, Interactions, Uses, Dosage, Warnings

Use Dulcolax Laxative (Bisacodyl (Oral And Rectal)) exactly as directed on the label, or as prescribed by your doctor. Do not use in larger or smaller amounts or for longer than recommended.

Use exactly as directed on the label, or as prescribed by your doctor. Do not use in larger or smaller amounts or for longer than recommended. Overuse of laxatives can cause your bowels to function improperly, or can make you dependent on laxative use.

In some cases, bisacodyl is taken by mouth. The enema and suppository forms of this medicine are for use in the rectum.

Do not crush, chew, or break a bisacodyl tablet. Swallow it whole with a full glass of water.

Bisacodyl taken by mouth should produce a bowel movement within 6 to 12 hours.

Bisacodyl used in the rectum can produce much faster results. You should have a bowel movement within 15 to 60 minutes after using a rectal suppository, or within 5 to 20 minutes after using the rectal enema.

Do not take a rectal suppository or enema by mouth. It is for use only in your rectum.

Try to empty your bladder just before using bisacodyl in the rectum.

Wash your hands before and after using rectal bisacodyl.

To use the rectal suppository:

• Remove the wrapper from the suppository. Avoid handling the suppository too long or it will melt in your hands. If the suppository is soft, you may hold it under cool running water or refrigerate it for a few minutes.
• Lie on your left side with your right knee up toward your chest. Gently insert the suppository into your rectum about 1 inch, pointed tip first.
• Stay lying down for a few minutes. The suppository will melt quickly and you should feel little or no discomfort while holding it in.
• Do not use more than one rectal suppository per day.

• Shake the rectal enema before using it. Remove the cap from the enema tip.
• Lie on your left side with your right knee up toward your chest, leaning forward slightly. Gently insert the tip of the enema bottle into your rectum, aiming toward your navel.
• Gently squeeze the bottle until it is empty, and then remove it from your rectum.
• For best results, hold the enema liquid in your rectum for up to 10 minutes. Then empty your rectum while seated on a toilet.

Call your doctor if you do not have a bowel movement after using this medicine, or if you have constipation for longer than 7 days.

If you are using bisacodyl to prepare for a medical test, follow your doctor’s instructions about when to use the medicine.

Store bisacodyl oral or rectal medicine at room temperature away from moisture and heat.

docusate (oral/rectal) | Michigan Medicine

What is the most important information I should know about docusate?

You should not use docusate if you also use mineral oil, unless your doctor tells you to.

What is docusate?

Docusate is a stool softener that makes bowel movements softer and easier to pass.

Docusate is used to relieve occasional constipation (irregularity).

There are many brands and forms of docusate available. Not all brands are listed on this leaflet.

Docusate may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide.

What should I discuss with my healthcare provider before using docusate?

You should not use docusate if you are allergic to it.

Ask a doctor or pharmacist if this medicine is safe to use if you have:

• stomach pain;
• nausea;
• vomiting; or
• a sudden change in bowel habits that lasts over 2 weeks.

Ask a doctor before using this medicine if you are pregnant or breastfeeding.

Do not give this medicine to a child without medical advice.

How should I use docusate?

Use exactly as directed on the label, or as prescribed by your doctor.

Drink plenty of liquids while you are using docusate.

Measure liquid medicine carefully. Use the dosing syringe provided, or use a medicine dose-measuring device (not a kitchen spoon).

Do not take the rectal enema by mouth. Rectal medicine is for use only in the rectum.

Wash your hands before and after using the enema.

To use the enema, lie on your left side with your left leg extended and your right leg slightly bent. Remove the cap from the applicator tip and gently insert the tip into your rectum. Slowly squeeze the bottle to empty the contents into the rectum.

After using the enema, lie down on your left side for at least 30 minutes to allow the liquid to distribute throughout your intestines. Avoid using the bathroom, and hold in the enema at least 1 hour, or all night if possible.

Read and carefully follow any Instructions for Use provided with your medicine. Ask your doctor or pharmacist if you do not understand these instructions.

Docusate generally produces bowel movement in 12 to 72 hours. Call your doctor if your symptoms do not improve after 72 hours.

You should not use docusate for longer than 1 week, unless your doctor tells you to.

Store at room temperature away from moisture and heat. Do not freeze liquid medicine.

What happens if I miss a dose?

Since docusate is used when needed, you may not be on a dosing schedule. Skip any missed dose if it’s almost time for your next dose. Do not use two doses at one time.

What happens if I overdose?

Seek emergency medical attention or call the Poison Help line at 1-800-222-1222.

What should I avoid while using docusate?

Avoid using mineral oil, unless told to do so by a doctor.

What are the possible side effects of docusate?

Get emergency medical help if you have signs of an allergic reaction: hives; difficult breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat.

Stop using docusate and call your doctor at once if you have:

• rectal bleeding or irritation; or
• no bowel movement after 72 hours.

Less serious side effects may be more likely, and you may have none at all.

This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.

What other drugs will affect docusate?

Other drugs may affect docusate, including prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal products. Tell your doctor about all your current medicines and any medicine you start or stop using.

Where can I get more information?

Your pharmacist can provide more information about docusate.

Remember, keep this and all other medicines out of the reach of children, never share your medicines with others, and use this medication only for the indication prescribed.

Every effort has been made to ensure that the information provided by Cerner Multum, Inc. (‘Multum’) is accurate, up-to-date, and complete, but no guarantee is made to that effect. Drug information contained herein may be time sensitive. Multum information has been compiled for use by healthcare practitioners and consumers in the United States and therefore Multum does not warrant that uses outside of the United States are appropriate, unless specifically indicated otherwise. Multum’s drug information does not endorse drugs, diagnose patients or recommend therapy. Multum’s drug information is an informational resource designed to assist licensed healthcare practitioners in caring for their patients and/or to serve consumers viewing this service as a supplement to, and not a substitute for, the expertise, skill, knowledge and judgment of healthcare practitioners. The absence of a warning for a given drug or drug combination in no way should be construed to indicate that the drug or drug combination is safe, effective or appropriate for any given patient. Multum does not assume any responsibility for any aspect of healthcare administered with the aid of information Multum provides. The information contained herein is not intended to cover all possible uses, directions, precautions, warnings, drug interactions, allergic reactions, or adverse effects. If you have questions about the drugs you are taking, check with your doctor, nurse or pharmacist.

Copyright 1996-2021 Cerner Multum, Inc. Version: 4.01. Revision date: 7/8/2019.

Stool softeners vs. laxatives: Treating constipation

We include products we think are useful for our readers. If you buy through links on this page, we may earn a small commission. Here’s our process.

Stool softeners and other laxatives are standard treatments for occasional constipation. But what are they, and which products are best for constipation relief?

Laxatives are products that help people to poop by causing bowel movements. Stool softeners are a type of laxative that works by drawing water into the stool, making it softer and more comfortable to pass.

All laxatives work in different ways, each with the intention of helping to relieve constipation. Understanding the differences between laxatives and stool softeners may help a person decide which one to use.

Anyone dealing with regular constipation may also choose to make a few changes to their diet and lifestyle, which might help regulate their bowel movements.

The term laxative refers to a wide range of substances, including stool softeners.

A laxative is any medicine or supplement that helps the body have a bowel movement. Each laxative works differently.

Stool softeners are a type of laxative that works to gently lubricate the stool by adding a compound to it that absorbs water. They are also called emollient laxatives.

There are many types of laxatives because there are many different causes of constipation. Doctors may recommend different types of laxative depending on the cause of constipation or side effects of the medications.

Stool softeners are a type of laxative, but not all laxatives are stool softeners. Although some other laxatives also soften the stool, they have different methods of action.

Other types of laxatives include:

• Osmotic laxatives. These laxatives draw water into the intestines from the surrounding tissues.
• Bulk-forming laxatives. Often derived from plants, these laxatives help form a watery gel in the intestines that adds both body and lubrication to the stool.
• Stimulant laxatives. Fast acting laxatives that can stimulate the intestines into having a bowel movement.
• Saline laxatives. Magnesium-based laxatives that pull water into the intestines.
• Lubricant laxatives. Oily laxatives that coat the intestines to help move stool through quicker.
• Guanylate cyclase-C agonist laxatives. Certain drugs both increase water in the gastrointestinal tract and make the stool move through the colon faster.

Only take one type of laxative at a time, and talk to a doctor before switching between them to avoid any interactions or complications.

We discuss these types of laxatives in more detail below.

People can find a wide range of constipation relief methods online, including stool softeners and other laxatives.

In most cases, a doctor will know which type of laxative they should prescribe based on the person’s symptoms and what is causing them.

The following list will describe the uses, benefits, and risks of different forms of laxatives:

Stool softeners

Stool softeners are gentle medications with a relatively mild effect. They soften the stool, making it easier to pass.

Over-the-counter stool softeners are useful when a person experiences mild occasional or chronic constipation.

Doctors may prescribe stool softeners after major surgeries, such as heart surgery or hernia repair. If straining to have a bowel movement might be harmful during recovery, people can take stool softeners to avoid complications.

Osmotic laxatives

Osmotic laxatives work by drawing water into the intestines. They may not be the best option for people experiencing constipation from dehydration.

Anyone using osmotic laxatives should also drink more water throughout the day. When used correctly, doctors may recommend osmotic laxatives for long-term use.

Fiber-based laxatives

Doctors may recommend a bulk-forming laxative containing soluble fiber if a person does not get a lot of fiber in their regular diet. Doctors may also recommend fiber-based laxatives for people who have chronic, long-lasting constipation.

Bulk-forming laxatives may be safer for long-term use than other options, as they have little risk of long-term side effects when taken correctly.

Saline laxatives

Like osmotic laxatives, saline laxatives pull water into the stool. Saline laxatives do this using mineral salts, such as magnesium citrate or magnesium oxide.

Saline laxatives are not right for everyone. For instance, people who are on medication to lower their sodium levels or are taking other mineral-based medications, such as medicines to reduce calcium in the kidneys, should avoid saline laxatives.

Saline laxatives are useful for short-term constipation. Using them for extended periods may lead to dehydration or cause an imbalance in other minerals.

Lubricant laxatives

Doctors may recommend laxatives containing oils, such as mineral oil for difficult short-term constipation, but they are not suitable for regular use. The oils in these laxatives may stick to fat-soluble vitamins and make them impossible to digest.

Stimulant laxatives

Stimulant laxatives are a good option for fast relief from painful constipation.

The stimulating effect in these laxatives makes the stool move faster through the colon while increasing the liquid in the stool. Many popular over-the-counter brand names contain stimulant laxatives.

Stimulant laxatives are not safe for regular use. Using them regularly may cause the body to become dependent on the laxative to have a bowel movement.

Guanylate cyclase-C agonist laxatives

Doctors may prescribe guanylate cyclase-C agonist laxatives in cases of chronic constipation that has no known cause. These laxatives, along with lifestyle changes, may offer a solution for people who suffer from chronic constipation. Young children should not use them.

Stool softeners may be best when a person does not need immediate relief but is looking to regulate their bowel movements within the next few days.

The type of laxative the doctor recommends may also change based on how quickly the person needs relief. Individual result times may vary, but in general:

• Quick-relief – saline laxatives tend to work very fast.
• Medium-relief – stimulant laxatives are fast-acting, but still take some time to work.
• Slow-relief – other laxatives, including bulk-forming fibers, stool softeners, and guanylate cyclase-C agonist laxatives, take longer to work.

According to a 2015 study looking at constipation in older adults:

• Osmotic laxatives, including magnesium citrate and magnesium hydroxide, may produce a bowel movement in 30 minutes to 6 hours. Others may not take effect for 24 to 48 hours.
• Stimulant laxatives, such as Dulcolax and Senna, may take 6 to 12 hours.
• Stool softeners, such as Docusate, may take 24 to 48 hours.
• Fiber-based laxatives, including Fibercon and Metamucil, can take 12 to 72 hours.

Doctors often recommend that people struggling with constipation make lifestyle changes to help ease their symptoms.

Many people can find relief from constipation by drinking plenty of water and getting regular exercise.

People can also benefit from eating more fiber. A study from 2014 reports that increasing dietary soluble fiber intake speeds up the transit time and relieves symptoms in people with slow-moving constipation.

People can increase their daily fiber intake by including more fruits and vegetables in their diet. Fiber-rich foods that can help with constipation include:

• Prunes. Prunes can help people stay regular. They contain both soluble and insoluble fiber, which may help absorb water and give body to the stool.
• Apples. Apples are rich in pectin, a helpful soluble fiber. Try including apples as a snack between meals.
• Dark, leafy greens. Vegetables, such as spinach, kale, and collard greens, can fit into many dishes and are an easy way to add fiber and nutrients to a meal.

All laxatives come with the risk of side effects. Some side effects are temporary, while others may be severe enough to warrant a change in medication.

Common side effects in all types of laxatives are:

• stomach cramps
• bloating or gas
• nausea or vomiting
• diarrhea

Some oral stool softeners may cause throat irritation when swallowed.

Other side effects may vary based on the active ingredient in each laxative.

Misusing laxatives, such as taking laxatives for extended periods, may cause severe and potentially dangerous symptoms.

Allergic reactions are also possible with all laxatives. Anyone who is having an allergic reaction or is unsure about their reaction should stop using the laxative and call their doctor.

Importantly, laxatives may interact with other drugs a person is taking. People with constipation who take other drugs should speak with a doctor or pharmacist before taking any laxative.

Occasional constipation is normal. Both stool softeners and other laxatives may provide temporary relief from symptoms, and the choice between them may depend on how quickly a person needs relief.

People may experience side effects or complications from taking certain laxatives. Anyone experiencing side effects that last more than a few days should contact their doctor to find out the cause.

Bisacodyl: a laxative taken to treat constipation

Always follow the advice of a pharmacist or doctor, and the instructions that come with your medicine.

Dosage for tablets

Bisacodyl tablets you buy (self-treatment)

The usual dose for adults and young people aged 12 years and over is 5mg to 10mg, taken once a day at bedtime.

If you have not taken bisacodyl before, start with one 5mg tablet and if that does not work you can increase the dose to a maximum of two 5mg tablets (10mg) at bedtime.

Bisacodyl tablets prescribed by a doctor

The usual starting dose for adults, and children aged 4 years and over, is 5mg, taken once a day at bedtime. A doctor may prescribe higher doses (up to a maximum of 20mg, taken once a day) if necessary.

Dosage for suppositories

The usual dose for:

• adults – one 10mg suppository, used once a day in the morning
• children aged 2 to 17 years – one 5mg or 10mg suppository, used once a day in the morning (on doctor’s advice only)

How to take tablets

Take the medicine once a day just before bedtime.

You can take it with or without food. Swallow the tablet whole with water. Do not take them with milk.

Do not take bisacodyl tablets at the same time as:

• dairy products like milk, cheese or yoghurt
• indigestion remedies (antacids)
• medicines to reduce stomach acid (like proton pump inhibitors such as omeprazole or pantoprazole)

Leave a gap of 1 hour between taking any of these and taking your bisacodyl tablets. This is because they will stop the medicine working properly.

How to use suppositories

Read the instructions in the leaflet inside the package. They will explain how to use the suppository.

Take the wrapping off and push a suppository gently into your anus (bottom).

Suppositories work quickly (usually between 10 and 45 minutes), so use it when you know you will be near a toilet.

What if I forget to take it?

If you forget a dose of bisacodyl, just take the next dose at the usual time.

Never take 2 doses at the same time. Never take an extra dose to make up for a forgotten one.

What if I take too much?

Taking an extra dose of bisacodyl is unlikely to harm you. You may get diarrhoea and stomach pain, but this should get better within a day or two.

If you’re worried, talk to your doctor or pharmacist for advice.

Stool-softener Laxatives, Oral – Tufts Medical Center Community Care

What are other names for this medicine?

Type of medicine: laxative

Generic and brand names: Colace; Diocto; DOK; docusate calcium; docusate potassium; docusate sodium; D-S-S; Dulcolax Stool Softener; Docusoft-S; Fleet Sof-Lax; Phillips’ Stool Softener Laxative; Surfak Liquigels (There may be other brand names for this medicine.)

What is this medicine used for?

Laxatives are taken by mouth to:

• Relieve constipation
• Prevent constipation after surgery or heart attack
• Prevent dry, hard stools

Different kinds of laxatives work in different ways. Ask your healthcare provider or pharmacist which product is best for you. Make sure you know which kind you are taking.

This medicine may be used to treat other conditions as determined by your healthcare provider.

What should my healthcare provider know before I take this medicine?

Before taking this medicine, tell your healthcare provider if you have ever had:

• An allergic reaction to any medicine
• Dehydration
• A blockage in your intestines, Crohn’s disease, or ulcerative colitis
• Phenylketonuria (PKU). Some products may contain phenylalanine.
• Rectal bleeding
• Symptoms of appendicitis or an inflamed bowel (abdominal pain, cramps, bloating, nausea, and vomiting)

If you are on a sodium or magnesium-restricted diet, do not take laxatives that contain sodium or magnesium unless your healthcare provider approves.

If you have noticed a sudden change in your bowel habits that lasts longer than 2 weeks, talk with your healthcare provider before taking this medicine.

Females of childbearing age: Tell your healthcare provider if you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant. Take only those laxatives that are recommended by your healthcare provider. Do not breast-feed while taking this medicine without your healthcare provider’s approval.

How do I use it?

Check the label on the medicine for directions about your specific dose. Take laxatives as directed by your healthcare provider, or follow the directions on the package label. Do not take more laxative or take it more often than directed. Drink several glasses of water during the day to help soften your bowel movement.

Check with your healthcare provider before using this medicine in children. Some brands should not be used in children under a certain age. For young children, ask your healthcare provider or pharmacist which laxatives to use.

Laxatives may come as capsules, tablets, wafers, powdered or granulated products, or in liquid form. Swallow tablets and capsules whole. Chew wafers thoroughly. Mix powdered or granulated products with water or fruit juice. Do not take them dry. Liquids may be taken in or with water or fruit juice. If you are using the liquid, measure the correct dose with a special dose-measuring spoon or cup. You may need to shake the liquid medicine before taking it. Follow the directions on the label.

For this medicine to work properly and to prevent side effects, you must drink at least 8 oz of water or fruit juice when you take a laxative.

What if I overdose?

If you or anyone else has intentionally taken too much of this medicine, call 911 or go to the emergency room right away. If you pass out, have seizures, weakness or confusion, or have trouble breathing, call 911. If you think that you or anyone else may have taken too much of this medicine, call the poison control center. Do this even if there are no signs of discomfort or poisoning. The poison control center number is 800-222-1222.

Symptoms of an acute overdose may include: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, stomach pain.

What should I watch out for?

Do not use for more than 1 week without your healthcare provider’s approval. Long-term use can make your body depend on the laxative for regular bowel movements. If you are always constipated, talk to your healthcare provider. You may need to change your diet or prescription medicine.

If you need emergency care, surgery, or dental work, tell the healthcare provider or dentist you are taking this medicine.

What are the possible side effects?

Along with its needed effects, your medicine may cause some unwanted side effects. Some side effects may be very serious. Some side effects may go away as your body adjusts to the medicine. Tell your healthcare provider if you have any side effects that continue or get worse.

Serious (report these to your healthcare provider right away): Dizziness, flushing, sweating, severe abdominal cramps, trouble swallowing, trouble breathing, chest pain; unusual tiredness or weakness, skin rash, nausea, vomiting, confusion, irregular heartbeat, muscle aches, rectal bleeding, trouble urinating.

Other: diarrhea, gas, rectal irritation, brown or reddish urine, constipation (if too little water is taken with the laxative).

What products might interact with this medicine?

When you take this medicine with other medicines, it can change the way this or any of the other medicines work. Nonprescription medicines, vitamins, natural remedies, and certain foods may also interact. Using these products together might cause harmful side effects. Talk to your healthcare provider if you are taking:

Laxatives may interfere with the absorption of other medicines. It is best to take other medicines 2 hours before or after you take this laxative.

If you are not sure if your medicines might interact, ask your pharmacist or healthcare provider. Keep a list of all your medicines with you. List all the prescription medicines, nonprescription medicines, supplements, natural remedies, and vitamins that you take. Be sure that you tell all healthcare providers who treat you about all the products you are taking.

How should I store this medicine?

Store this medicine at room temperature. Keep the container tightly closed. Protect it from heat, high humidity, and bright light.

This advisory includes selected information only and may not include all side effects of this medicine or interactions with other medicines. Ask your healthcare provider or pharmacist for more information or if you have any questions.

Ask your pharmacist for the best way to dispose of outdated medicine or medicine you have not used. Do not throw medicine in the trash.

Keep all medicines out of the reach of children.

Do not share medicines with other people.

Developed by RelayHealth.

This content is reviewed periodically and is subject to change as new health information becomes available. The information is intended to inform and educate and is not a replacement for medical evaluation, advice, diagnosis or treatment by a healthcare professional.

Copyright ©1986-2015 McKesson Corporation and/or one of its subsidiaries. All rights reserved.

90,000 DIFFERENCE BETWEEN Laxative and Urea | COMPARE THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SIMILAR TERMS – LIFE

Laxatives are substances that are used to promote health associated with stool to loosen it, but diuretics are substances that are associated with urine, removing excess water from the org

Key difference – laxative versus diuretic

Laxatives are substances that are used to promote health associated with stool to loosen it, but diuretics are substances that are associated with urine, removing excess water from the body.. This is the key difference between a laxative and a diuretic and further differences will be discussed in this article.

What is a laxative

Laxatives are also known as laxatives or laxatives. This can be food or medicine that is consumed either to stimulate bowel movements or to loosen stools. Laxatives are usually taken when a person is constipated. A sufficiently high dose of a laxative can cause diarrhea.

Types of Laxatives

1. Mass Production Agents

This is also known as bulk frothers, roughages and fillers.It affects the small and large intestines, makes stools bulkier and retains more water. Former Metamucil (psyllium husk), citrucel (methylcellulose), dietary fiber, broccoli, apples and polycarbophil

1. Stool softeners (surfactants)

Stool softeners are anionic substances that also act on the large and small intestines and usually last 12 to 72 hours. It allows fats and water to enter the stool, making it easier for them to pass through the digestive system.Prolonged use can reduce performance; hence, it is recommended for occasional use.

Ex-Colace, Dicto

1. Lubricants (softeners)

They work on the colon and the working period is 6 to 8 hours. This makes the chair slippery so that it can sink more easily and faster.

Ex- Mineral oil

1. Moisturizing agents

Moisturizing agents cause intestinal hydration.Thus, it softens the stool. It retains water inside the intestinal cavities and the intestinal lumen. It also increases intraluminal pressure.

Two types of wetting agents can be found.

1. Saline laxatives

The site of action is the small and large intestines.

Onset of action – from 30 minutes to 6 hours.

Ex – sodium phosphate dibasic , milk of magnesia, Epsom salt, Magnesium citrate

1. Hyperosmotic agents

It affects the colon and lasts from 30 minutes to 3 hours.It increases bowel movement by drawing water into the intestines from the surrounding body tissues.

Ex – Glycerin Supplements, Sobrbitol, Lactulose

1. Stimulants

It stimulates a wave of contractions that travels through the colon, propelling the stool.

Ex-Kaaskara, Folphthalein, Dulcolax, Senna, Aloin

1. Miscellaneous

Ex-Castor Oil

Laxatives relieve acute and chronic constipation, bowel preparation and chronic immobility.

What is a diuretic?

Diuretics, also known as water pills, are substances that promote the flow of urine. Increases the excretion of water from the body.

Types of diuretics

1. High ceiling / loop diuretic

This causes significant diuresis up to 20% filtered salt and water. Some loop diuretics inhibit the body’s ability to reabsorb sodium in the ascending loop of the nephron, which causes water to be excreted in the urine.

Ex-furosemide, ethacrynic acid and torsemide

1. Thiazides

They act on the distal convoluted tubules and prevent the sodium chloride symporter from retaining water in the urine.

Ex – hydrochlorothiazide,

1. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

It inhibits the enzyme carbonic anhydrase, which is found in the proximal convoluted tubules.

Ex-acetazolamide, metazolamide

1. Potassium – sparing diuretics

This does not promote the excretion of potassium in the urine.

There are two specific classes of these diuretics:

Aldoterone antagonist Ex – spironolactone

Epithelial sodium channel blockers Ex – amiloride and triamterene

1. Calcium – sparing diuretics

It is used for relatively low identification of agents the rate of excretion of calcium from the body.

1. Osmotic diuretics

These are substances that can increase osmolarity.

Ex-Glucose, Mannitol

1. Low Ceiling Diuretics

Low Ceiling Diuretics belong to a pharmacological profile, not a chemical structure.

Use of diuretics

Diuretics are used to treat

1. high blood pressure
2. heart failure
3. liver failure
4. edema
5. kidney stones

Diuretic side effects

Diuretics are generally considered safe, but sometimes they can cause increased urination and loss of minerals.

What is the difference between a laxative and a diuretic?

Characteristics of laxative and diuretic:

Type of action:

Laxative: Laxative loosens stools.

Diuretics: Diuretics increase urinary excretion.

Scene of action:

Laxative: Laxatives act on the digestive tract.

Diuretics: Diuretics act on the kidneys.

Mechanism:

Laxative: Laxatives help the stool absorb water.

Diuretics: Diuretics promote the elimination of water in the form of urine.

Blood pressure:

Laxative: Laxatives do not relieve pressure on the blood vessels.

Diuretics: Diuretics reduce pressure on blood vessels by removing excess water.

References:

Diuretic [Online]. Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diuretic [accessed 7 June 2016].

Diuretics [Online].Available at: http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/in-depth/diuretics/art-20048129 [accessed 7 July 2016].

JOHN P. COONA. Laxatives for constipation [Online]. Available at: http://www.medicinenet.com/laxatives_for_constipation/page2.htm.

NORDQVIST, C. 2016. How do laxatives work? [Online]. Available at: http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/10279.php.

Image Credit:

“Digestive System Diagram en” by Mariana Ruiz Villarreal (LadyofHats) – Own work (public domain) via Commons Wikimedia

“Renal Diuretics” by Haysuk on English Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 3 …0) via Commons Wikimedia

90,000 how and when to apply, how it works, types of drugs and folk remedies, reviews

Almost every cat periodically encounters constipation, which is accompanied by a number of unpleasant symptoms. In such cases, laxatives come to the rescue, allowing you to quickly and without harm to the health of the pet to eliminate the problem.Before using any constipation medication, it is important to read the instructions for use to prevent complications from occurring.

When a cat needs a laxative

Constipation in cats can occur with improper diet, gastrointestinal diseases, little fluid intake, as well as the accumulation of hair in the intestines. In this case, the animal often has difficulty in defecating, sitting for a long time on the tray. Constipation is indicated by rare bowel movements, which may be no more than 2-3 times a week. In addition, a small amount of dry faeces is excreted during bowel movements. In this case, you need a laxative to help cleanse the intestines.

In case of constipation, the cat can sit on the tray for a long time

If you are constipated, your cat may feel pain by meowing plaintively on the litter box. In the feces, you can see droplets of blood, which appear as a result of injury to the intestinal mucosa. Constipation can be accompanied by discomfort in the digestive tract, which makes the pet less mobile. In advanced cases, feces are compressed, provoking a congestion in the rectum, which the animal cannot cope with on its own.In such cases, they resort to the use of laxatives that will help the pet to empty without pain and effort.

Attention! The cause of constipation can be intestinal obstruction, laxatives in which can provoke dangerous consequences.

How does a laxative work on an animal’s body

The laxative has a complex effect on the pet’s body:

• stimulates the nerve endings of the intestinal wall, contributing to the acceleration of peristalsis;
• increases the volume of feces and makes them softer;
• improves the passage of faeces through the large intestine;
• reduces the absorption of fluid through the gastrointestinal tract, resulting in improved passage of digested food through the intestines.

Laxatives affect the peristalsis of the cat’s gastrointestinal tract

Attention! Laxatives do not address the cause of constipation, so they are only used to relieve symptoms. If you do not identify the provoking factor, then the trouble will arise periodically.

Types of laxatives for cats – table

What laxative medicines are used to relieve constipation in cats – photo gallery

Norgalax helps to soften feces

Duphalac contains lactulose, which has a beneficial effect on the intestinal microflora

Dulcolax stimulates intestinal motility

Beaphar Malt Paste contains natural ingredients

Folk remedies

Effective folk remedies to relieve a cat of constipation:

1. Condensed milk.Such a remedy has a laxative effect and is safe. You will need to mix condensed milk and boiled water in equal proportions. In total, 150 ml of the mixture is needed, which must be given to the cat on an empty stomach or 1 hour after eating. You will not need to force a pet to take such a folk medicine, since animals drink this liquid with pleasure. It is enough to give the mixture once. The effect will be noticeable after a few hours.
2. Vaseline oil. Such a remedy helps to soften feces, and also accelerates their evacuation from the intestines.A single dose is 0.5 ml. The oil should be given 2 times a day, one hour after a meal. The course of treatment should not exceed a day.
3. Vegetable oil. To relieve constipation, you can add such a remedy to liquid food. However, the main thing is not to overdo it, as vegetable oil is bad for the cat’s liver. Suffice it 2-3 drops once. The laxative effect will manifest itself in 5-6 hours.
4. Pumpkin. This tool is considered one of the safest for pets. Steam the pumpkin thoroughly and add the pulp to the liquid feed.It is important to mix everything thoroughly so that the cat cannot feel the presence of the vegetable. At 2 tbsp. l. feed is enough 2 tsp. pumpkins. You need to mix the vegetable every day for a week. The stool should be normalized within 5-6 days.
5. Licorice rhizome. 1 tsp raw materials need to pour 200 ml of boiling water and let it brew for an hour. Then filter and give the pet 20 ml 2 times a day before meals for three days.

Attention! In no case should castor oil be given to a cat as a laxative, as this medicine provokes severe intestinal cramps and acute diarrhea in animals.Side effects can be unpredictable, so this treatment is best avoided.

Ingredients for Traditional Medicine Recipes – Photo Gallery

Condensed milk with water has a laxative effect

Licorice rhizomes stimulate bowel function

Pumpkin pulp helps to improve intestinal motility

Vegetable oil softens the faeces, helping them move through the intestines

Means for the prevention of constipation in cats

In order to prevent the appearance of constipation in a pet, it is necessary to monitor the cat’s diet and do not feed it only with meat.It is important that vegetables and cereals are always present in the animal’s menu. In addition, it is necessary to reduce the consumption of solid feed, which is the main provocateur of constipation.

Vegetables must be included in the cat’s diet

To soften the stool, you can periodically give the animal malt-paste, which removes hairballs from the gastrointestinal tract, and also contributes to the maintenance of normal intestinal microflora. This agent is used both for prophylaxis and for therapeutic purposes. Thanks to the natural ingredients included in the composition, the risk of side effects is reduced.For prophylaxis, malt-paste should be given 3 cm per day for a month.

Malt paste improves bowel function

As a means of preventing constipation, you can periodically give your pet a buckthorn broth. For cooking, you need 1 tbsp. l. raw materials, which you need to pour 500 ml of water and put on a quiet fire. Simmer for 20 minutes, then cool and filter. Give the cat forcibly on an empty stomach 20 ml 2 times a day for 5-7 days.

Buckthorn bark prevents constipation

Chamomile, which has anti-inflammatory properties, can also be used to improve bowel function.It will take 1 tbsp. l. raw materials, which need to be poured with 300 ml of boiling water. Infuse for about an hour and then filter. Give the animal 20 ml 3 times a day before meals for a week.

Chamomile has an anti-inflammatory effect

Attention! Herbs can provoke an allergic reaction in some sensitive cats, so it is important to monitor the pet’s health and not to increase the dose of infusions and decoctions.

To prevent constipation, I always try to feed the cat not only with dry food, but also with soft pates.At the same time, I make sure that there is clean water in the bowl. The pet has never had constipation or other problems with stool, as she leads an active lifestyle. I also try to play with the cat more to prevent intestinal problems.

Contraindications to the use of laxatives

Main contraindications for the use of laxatives:

• erosive and ulcerative lesions of the gastrointestinal tract in a pet;
• the appearance of blood in the feces;
• Suspected obstruction of the gastrointestinal tract with a hairball or foreign object;
• general unsatisfactory condition of the cat;

90,022 increase in body temperature;

• Constant vomiting.

Laxatives should not be given if the cat refuses to eat and does not get up, which can lead to dehydration. In addition, if the animal is prone to allergic reactions, then folk remedies and medicines should be used with caution and after consulting a doctor.

If the cat does not get up and does not eat anything, then it is dangerous to give a laxative without consulting a doctor

At home, it is not advisable to give your pet an enema, since if done incorrectly, you can accidentally injure the intestines or provoke perforation of the wall, as a result of which the pet may bleed and an infection will join.

Attention! If you regularly give your pet laxatives, then the intestines stop emptying without additional stimulation.

Why cats have constipation and how to get rid of it – video

Reviews on the effectiveness of laxatives

Constipation in cats can be triggered by serious illnesses, so recurrent symptoms cannot be ignored. It is important to consult a doctor in time for advice and not to use any medications without the knowledge of a specialist that can provoke dangerous consequences.

Rate the article:

Share with your friends!

90,000 OTC laxatives for constipation: use with caution

Learn how over-the-counter laxatives relieve constipation and are safe to use.

If you have ever been constipated, you may have tried over-the-counter laxatives. A number of factors, including poor diet, physical inactivity, and certain medications, can interfere with normal bowel function and cause constipation.

Many safe, effective over-the-counter laxatives are available to treat occasional constipation in a variety of ways. However, it is very important to read the directions on the label carefully and to use them as directed. Overuse of laxatives can cause serious side effects.

Call your doctor right away if you have:

• Bloody Chair
• Severe cramps or pain
• Weakness or unusual fatigue
• Dizziness
• Rectal bleeding
• Unexplained changes in bowel patterns
• Constipation that lasts longer than seven days despite laxative use

Before attempting laxatives

How often do you have a bowel movement, but people usually have up to three bowel movements a day up to three times a week.You may be constipated if you have fewer bowel movements than you normally do. In addition, constipation can include stools that are difficult to pass because they are hard, dry, or small.

However, before turning to laxatives, try these lifestyle changes to help with constipation:

• Eat fiber-rich foods such as wheat bran, fresh fruits and vegetables, and oats.
• Drink plenty of fluids daily.
• Exercise regularly.

Lifestyle improvements relieve constipation for many people, but if problems continue despite these changes, your next choice may be a mild laxative.

How laxatives relieve constipation

Laxatives work in different ways, and the effectiveness of each type of laxative varies from person to person. In general, bulk laxatives, also called fiber supplements, are the mildest on your body and are safe to use in the long term.Metamucil and Citrucel fall into this category.

Here are some examples of the types of laxatives. Although many laxatives are available over the counter, it is best to talk to your doctor about the laxative use and which type may be best for you.

Oral laxatives may interfere with your body’s absorption of certain medications and nutrients.Certain laxatives can cause electrolyte imbalances, especially after prolonged use. Electrolytes, which include calcium, chloride, potassium, magnesium, and sodium, regulate a number of bodily functions. An electrolyte imbalance can cause abnormal heart rhythms, weakness, confusion, and seizures.

Combined laxatives: check labels carefully

Some products combine different types of laxatives, such as a stool stimulant and stool softener.But combination foods don’t necessarily work more effectively than single-ingredient foods. Plus, they may be more likely to cause side effects.

A laxative with one ingredient may work better for you. Read the labels to make sure you know what you are doing and use them with care.

Risks of laxative use

• Interaction with drugs. Your medical history and the medications you are taking may limit your laxative options.Laxatives can interact with some antibiotics, as well as some heart and bone medications. Read labels carefully. If you are unsure whether to try a laxative, ask your pharmacist or doctor. Do not exceed the recommended doses unless your doctor tells you otherwise.
• Complication conditions. Laxative use can be dangerous if constipation is caused by a serious condition such as appendicitis or intestinal obstruction.If you use laxatives frequently for weeks or months, they can reduce the ability of your colon to contract and actually make constipation worse.
• Precautions for pregnant women and children. Do not give laxatives to children under 6 years of age without a doctor’s recommendation. If you are pregnant, ask your doctor before using laxatives. Oil-forming laxatives and stool softeners are generally safe to use during pregnancy, but stimulant laxatives can be harmful.

If you have recently given birth, consult your doctor before using laxatives. While they are generally safe to use while breastfeeding, some ingredients can pass into breast milk and cause diarrhea in infants.

Take laxatives with caution

If you are dependent on laxatives to have bowel movements, ask your doctor for advice on how to phase out them and restore your colon’s natural ability to contract.

Updated: 2017-06-06

Publication date: 1999-03-01

90,000 HOW TO USE STIMULATING LEAKERS FOR CONSTRUCTION – MEDICINE

Medicine 2021

Stimulant laxatives are drugs used to relieve constipation by emptying the bowels. Available over the counter (OTC), they seem like a simple answer to problems

at first glance.

Contents:

Stimulant laxatives are drugs that are used to relieve constipation by emptying the bowels.Available over the counter (OTC), they seem like a simple answer to the problem of constipation at first glance.

You may wonder if they are safe or if you can use them on a long term basis. To make an informed decision for yourself, it is important to learn a few facts.

Common OTC stimulant laxatives

A visit to your local pharmacy will show you that there are many different brands of stimulant laxatives. These products come in a variety of forms, including tablets, liquids, and suppositories.The active ingredient in these products varies, and here are the most common options:

• Bisacodyl : Alofen, Carters Little Pills, Correctol, Dulcolax, Ex-lax Ultra, Feen-A-Mint, Fleet Bisacodyl.
• Sodium Picosulfate : Dulcolax Pico, Dulcolax Perles
• Sodium Bicarbonate and Potassium Bitartrate : Ceo-Two Evacuant Suppository.
• Senna : Black Draft, ExLax, Fletcher’s, Senexon, SennaGen and Senokot.Also found in herbal laxatives.
• castor oil

Following an extensive review of research, the American College of Gastroenterology recommends sodium picosulfate and bisacodyl. They refuse to recommend any other types for lack of sufficient research.

How They Work

Ingredients of stimulant laxatives induce bowel movement by speeding up the movement of the colon muscles (motor skills).Stimulant laxatives differ in their effect from stool softeners, which reduce the absorption of fluid in the intestines, thereby increasing the amount of water in the intestines. stool. As a result, the stool becomes softer and easier to pass.

How to Use

When using stimulant laxatives, be sure to read and follow the instructions on the packaging carefully. Determine if the product is a tablet or liquid to be taken orally, or a suppository to be used rectally.

Many of these products recommend using them before bed. This helps them work with your body’s natural biorhythms, causing you to have a bowel movement in the morning.

As with all medicines, consult your doctor before use. Stimulant laxatives are intended for short-term use, i.e. no longer than one week.

Side Effects

Some people experience abdominal pain and cramping or temporary symptoms of fecal incontinence after taking a stimulant laxative.More serious side effects have been reported, including allergic reactions, electrolyte imbalance, and liver damage.

Safety considerations

Traditionally there have been some concerns about the safety of stimulant laxatives. These areas of potential complexity include the risk of tolerance or dependence and / or addiction to the drug. There is also concern that chronic use of stimulant laxatives may increase the risk of colon cancer.

However, other than the fact that some people with mental and / or eating disorders are at risk of unhealthy use of stimulant laxatives, these other concerns do not seem to be valid.

A word from Verywell

Stimulant laxatives appear to be a safe short-term treatment for constipation. Just be sure to follow the dosage directions carefully.

If you are unhappy with the idea of ​​using a stimulant laxative due to the safety concerns outlined above, you may want to consider using a stool softener as an alternative.If your constipation is a chronic problem, it is best to work with your doctor to develop a long-term treatment plan.

• share
• somersault
• Email address
• Text

How to quickly go to the toilet in a big way in emergency situations

Jokes aside, for those who sometimes find it difficult to go to the toilet in a big way, it is not at all funny to discuss this topic, especially when there is often no time for such “little things” or in the presence of such an unpleasant phenomenon as constipation.

The inability to empty your bowels at any time will probably not ruin your day, but it can cause discomfort, bloating and other unpleasant consequences for the body.

It is important to remember that there is no standard frequency of bowel movements. Some people poop every day, while others every couple of days or several times a day. Both are normal, and as long as you feel good there is nothing to worry about.

However, you probably got into such unpleasant moments when you need to go to the toilet before some important event, but nothing works out for you, and you start to get nervous.

According to Karen Weiru Lin, professor of family medicine and medicine at Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson School of Medicine, there are many reasons why you can’t poop very easily at any time, from a lack of fiber or water in your diet to taking a new medication.

While chronic constipation can be a symptom of an underlying health condition such as irritable bowel syndrome, there is probably nothing serious about your occasional hard-hitting “ballast.”

Fortunately, according to doctors, there are several tricks that can help you get off the ground on such a delicate issue:

1. Increase fluid intake

“Water is really important to fight constipation,” says Rudolph Bedford, MD, a gastroenterologist at Providence Saint John’s Health Center in Santa Monica, California. Unless you’re just a “water person,” Dr. Lin recommends trying other liquids, such as broth soups or water-rich foods like watermelon.Just skip sugary drinks as they can make the problem worse.

The actual amount of fluid you need varies from person to person, but doctors generally recommend that women drink at least 11.5 cups of fluid a day and men 15.5 cups.

2. Eat more fiber-rich foods

Dietary fiber is a type of carbohydrate that slows down digestion by adding bulk to your diet, which helps you feel fuller and faster and helps you get things moving.”They make the stool soft and flexible,” confirms Dr. Bedford.

Dr. Lin’s Tip: Make sure you drink plenty of fiber-rich water for maximum health benefits. Good sources of fiber include: whole grains, nuts and seeds, and lots of fruits and vegetables. Prunes, pears, apples, oats, and lentils are great examples of particularly healthy foods for relieving constipation.

3. Start taking fiber supplements

If you need to get to the toilet as quickly as possible, Dr. Lin suggests taking a fiber supplement.Ideally, choose one that needs to be dissolved in water, such as psyllium (aka Metamucil). According to Dr. Bedford, the water content is important: dietary fiber absorbs water, making the faeces softer and more voluminous, and therefore easier to pass.

4. Have a cup of coffee

The caffeine in coffee “enhances the contraction of the intestinal muscles to push the fecal matter out,” says Dr. Bedford. However, too much coffee can dehydrate the body, so Dr. Bedford recommends drinking water along with coffee for maximum effect.

5. Move

Exercise is important for overall health, according to Dr. Bedford, but it can also stimulate blood flow to the muscles of the intestines, causing them to contract more and push out feces. “Movement and exercise are always great for combating constipation,” the expert says. If you’ve been sedentary lately (haven’t you all?), Try taking a quick walk or doing a full workout.

6.Eat Healthy Fats

Foods containing healthy unsaturated fats such as avocados, nut butters, olives and fatty fish can speed up the process. “These fats lubricate the lining of the intestines, allowing stools to pass through it much more easily,” says Dr. Bedford. One cup of avocado also contains 10 grams of dietary fiber, making it a very healthy food in every way.

7. Drink a little lukewarm water

Water in general is essential for relieving constipation, but warm water is doubly beneficial as it “stimulates the lining of the intestines,” says Dr. Lin.

8. Eat probiotics

Probiotics (beneficial microbes in the gut) are living microorganisms that play a key role in how the body digests food. Just know, probiotics won’t work right away. “It’s not like Tylenol for fever — the probiotics don’t work after 20 minutes,” says Dr. Lin. “It takes time for good bacteria to digest food in portions, which can take more than a day.”

Nonetheless, says Dr. Bedford, “They will deal with bacterial imbalances in your gut and help you go to the toilet quickly and efficiently.”Consider eating fermented foods rich in probiotics, such as Greek yogurt or fresh sauerkraut, or consuming a quality probiotic supplement to support overall gut health.

9. Try using heat therapy

Dr. Lin gives two recommendations when it comes to heat therapy. First, try drinking a cup of warm water, wait 30 minutes, and then gently massage your lower abdomen to try to stimulate that area.If that doesn’t work, take a hot shower while pouring water over your lower back.

10. Consider a chair softener

Stool softeners can be in the form of capsules, tablets, liquid, or syrup, and they work by softening the faeces and making them easier to pass. While they can help, Dr. Bedford recommends using more natural approaches in the first place, as some emollients can cause unpleasant side effects. “Fluids and more fiber are preferred over stool softeners,” he says.If you do try this tactic, keep in mind that the softener will take off in just one to three days. Do not use it for more than a week, otherwise the effect may be reversed.

11. Try an osmotic laxative

An osmotic (better known as a laxative) is a medicine that draws water into the intestines. Popular options are polyethylene glycol (MiraLAX) and bisacodyl (Dulcolax). Again, while osmosis can help get things going, Dr. Bedford recommends focusing on more natural water and fiber in the first place.

90,000 What laxatives are there? | Competently about health on iLive

Lubricating laxatives

Mineral oil (liquid paraffin) softens stools very well. Like plasticizers (stool softeners), mineral oil is used for patients who need to avoid stress (for example, after hernia surgery, excision of hemorrhoids, heart attacks, and childbirth.

Precautions for the use of lubricating laxatives

Mineral oil should be avoided by people taking blood thinners such as warfarin (Coumadin).Mineral oil reduces the absorption of vitamin K (an important vitamin for the formation of blood clotting factors) from the intestines. Decreased absorption of vitamin K in patients taking warfarin can potentially lead to “over-thinning” of blood cells and an increased risk of excessive bleeding.

Mineral oil should not be taken during pregnancy as it can interfere with the absorption of vitamins and reduce the availability of vitamin K to the fetus.

Mineral oils can cause pneumonia if it invades the lungs.Some people (eg the very young, the elderly, especially stroke victims) have a tendency to aspiration, especially when lying down. Thus, mineral oils should not be given at bedtime or to individuals who are prone to aspiration (the “suction” effect that tends to occur due to low blood pressure).

Mineral oils for laxatives should only be used for short periods of time. Significant absorption of mineral oil in the body can occur if it is used repeatedly over a long period of time.

Stimulant laxatives

Stimulant laxatives induce bowel movements by increasing bowel muscle contraction and are effective when used on a short-term basis. Examples include stimulant laxatives — aloe, cascara, senna compounds, bisacodyl, and castor oil. Bisacodyl (Dulcolax, Correctol) is available without a prescription in oral form – tablets and suppositories or enemas. Oral laxatives take 6 to 10 hours to digest.

Bisacodyl is commonly used in colon cleansing for colonoscopy, barium enemas, and bowel surgery.Effective for occasional constipation, bisacodyl should not be taken for more than a week, and repeated use should be monitored by a doctor.

Other stimulant laxatives include Senna (Ex-Lax, Senokot), Cascara Sagrada (Remedy), and casanthranol

These laxatives are converted by bacteria in the colon into active compounds, which can then stimulate muscle contractions in the colon. After taking these products orally, bowel movements occur after 8 to 24 hours.Long-term, chronic use of these laxatives can lead to darkening of the lining of the colon (melanosis bacillus) due to the accumulation of dark pigment (melanin).

Castor oil (concentrate)

It is an analogue of a stimulant laxative that works in the small intestine. It leads to the accumulation of fluid in the small intestine and facilitates the evacuation of feces from the intestine. Castor oil should not be taken with food, although juice or other flavored liquids can help hide the unpleasant taste.This laxative works fairly quickly, usually within 2 to 6 hours.

Castor oil is typically used to cleanse the colon before surgery, irrigoscopy, or colonoscopy. The absorption of nutrients and minerals in the small intestine can be impaired by the frequent use of castor oil. This medication is not recommended for re-treatment of constipation.

Precautions

The intensity of the effect of stimulant laxatives is dangerous, so their doses must be controlled.A large dose of any stimulant laxative can cause serious side effects.

Side effects include severe seizures, fluid loss and dehydration, electrolyte abnormalities in the blood composition such as too low blood potassium levels (hypokalemia), and chronic malnutrition.

There is concern that chronic, long-term use of stimulant laxatives may lead to loss of colon function (weakened colon).After years or decades of frequent use of stimulant laxatives, the colon nerves slowly disappear, the colon muscles dry up, and the colon becomes dilated.

Consequently, constipation can become more severe and the person reacts more strongly to laxatives. It is unclear, however, which comes first: a progressive decline in colon function that leads to the use of stimulant laxatives or the use of laxatives that leads to a decrease in colon function.However, long-term use of stimulant laxatives is commonly used after other treatments have failed.

[1], [2], [3], [4]

Saline and osmotic laxatives

The active ingredients in saline laxatives are mainly magnesium sulfate, citrate and phosphate ions. These ions store water in the intestines.

Additional water softens the stool, increases the pressure in the intestines, increases intestinal contractions as a result of the discharge of soft stools.Phosphoric soda, milk of magnesia, and magnesium citrate are examples of saline laxatives.

Oral doses of saline laxatives should be taken with one or two glasses of water.

The bowel response usually begins between 1/2 and 3 hours after taking the laxative. Small doses are sometimes recommended to treat occasional constipation, while large doses can result in complete bowel evacuation. A complete bowel cleanse is helpful in preparing for colonoscopy, sigmoidoscopy, and irrigoscopy.

Active ingredients in osmotic type laxatives such as Golytely, GlycoLax and MiraLax are examples of polyethylene glycol (PEG). These ingredients work to wet the stool with water to soften it and increase the number of bowel movements. Osmotic-type laxatives are often used to cleanse the intestines before colonoscopy or colon surgery.

Precautions

Since laxatives may contain some active ingredients that ensure the absorption of toxins from the intestines into the bloodstream, saline laxatives should not be used on certain individuals.People with impaired kidney function should not use laxatives containing magnesium or phosphate salts. Excessive accumulation of magnesium and phosphate in the blood of these people can lead to unnecessary toxicity. Those who need to limit their sodium intake, such as people with congestive heart failure, kidney disease, high blood pressure, should not use laxatives that contain sodium.

Side effects of osmotic-type laxatives include nausea, abdominal cramps, or gas.People who have a history of abdominal problems or bowel obstruction should consult their doctor before using laxatives. Caution is advised when using this drug in the elderly as they may be more sensitive to its side effects, especially diarrhea.

Stool softeners (emollient laxatives)

Stool softeners, called emollient laxatives, help prevent stool from hardening by adding moisture to the stool.The active ingredient in most stool softeners is a medicine called docuzat. Products containing docusate do not by themselves stimulate bowel movements or increase bowel movements. They are used more to prevent constipation than to treat them.

Stool softeners are generally recommended for people who need to avoid straining a bowel movement, including: for patients who are moving away from abdominal, pelvic or rectal surgery, childbirth, or a heart attack for people with severe high blood pressure or abdominal hernia, as well as for people with painful hemorrhoids and / or anal fissures.

Softening the stool in these affected individuals may help relieve pain during bowel movements.

Stool softeners are available without a prescription and include Kolase, Surfak, which can be bought at a pharmacy or specialty store – these are products containing docusate. Some drugs (such as Peri-Colase) combine a stool softener with stimulant laxatives to activate bowel movements.

Precautions for using stool softeners Stool softeners are generally safe and well tolerated.They should not be combined with mineral oils, laxative lubricants, because stool softeners can increase the absorption and toxicity of these products. Mineral oils are absorbed drip into the body and can cause inflammation of the lymph glands, liver and spleen. Therefore, it is undesirable to use laxatives without the advice and supervision of a doctor.

90,000 Innovative Ideas and Health Issues: Gastroenterology Chronic Constipation

I have constipation ”- what does that mean?

Not all people mean the same thing when they use the term constipation.In general, “constipation” refers to infrequent or difficult bowel movements. One person’s specific symptoms may be different from others and may include having a bowel movement only every few days, difficulty passing a bowel movement, excessive straining during a bowel movement, not feeling completely empty, hard stools, spending too much time trying to empty the bowel, needing to use hands to help the stool come out, and attempts but unsuccessful attempts to empty the bowel. ^1-3

It is important that patients and doctors clearly explain what patients mean by constipation. There may be a tendency to focus on how often a person has a bowel movement, with at least 3 bowel movements per week considered “normal”. But patients are often troubled by the multiple symptoms of difficult stool passage, even if they are emptied several times a week or even every day.

Formal Definitions of Constipation

The American College of Gastroenterology Task Force on Chronic Constipation has recommended a broad definition of constipation that reflects the symptoms of patients reporting constipation: ^1.4

“Constipation – it is a symptomatic disorder defined as unsatisfactory defecation [“defecation” is stool passing] and is characterized by infrequent stools, difficulty passing stools, or both.Difficulty passing stools includes straining, feeling difficult to defecate, incomplete emptying, hard / lumpy stools, prolonged stool time, or the need for manual maneuvers to defecate. Chronic constipation is defined as having these symptoms for at least 3 months.

In most cases, constipation has no specific explanation and is considered “functional”, which means that symptoms are present without an obvious underlying abnormality. Leading researchers have met periodically in Rome since the 1980s and have proposed symptom-based criteria for functional gastrointestinal disorders.The Rome III definition of functional constipation, proposed in 2006, is “a functional bowel disorder that manifests as persistently severe, infrequent or seemingly incomplete bowel movements that do not meet the criteria for irritable bowel syndrome.” ³ Irritable bowel syndrome, or IBS, is a syndrome characterized by abdominal pain or discomfort and altered bowel movements, which may include constipation, diarrhea, or both. Some have suggested that chronic constipation and IBS fall on the same spectrum, with pain or discomfort very noticeable in IBS, but lighter and less common in chronic constipation.The Rome III diagnostic criteria for functional constipation that are intended to be used in clinical trials but not suitable for clinical treatment are as follows: ³

1. Must include two or more of the following:

a. Tension during at least 25% of bowel movements

b. Rough or hard stools in at least 25% of bowel movements

c. Feeling of incomplete emptying at least 25% of bowel movements

d.Feeling of anorectal obstruction / blockage of at least 25% of bowel movements

f. Manual maneuvers to facilitate at least 25% of bowel movements ( eg removing stool with fingers or supporting around the anus by hand)

f. Less than 3 bowel movements per week

2. Loose stools are seldom without laxatives.

3. There are no sufficient criteria for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).

* Criteria were met within the last 3 months with symptom onset at least 6 months prior to diagnosis

These formal definitions highlight the fact that infrequent bowel movements may be part of a group of symptoms experienced by patients with “Constipation”, but not necessarily the main characteristic.

“I only have two bowel movements a week. Should I be worried? »

A common misconception is that daily bowel movements are necessary for good health, and that if stool is not emptied on time, it can lead to” toxic “effects on the body. ⁵ The current concern about daily bowel movements is rooted in the old idea of ​​“autointoxication,” which is the belief that toxins can be formed when undigested food remains in the large intestine (colon) for too long and can then be absorbed into the body and cause all sorts of symptoms and health problems. ⁵ There is no scientific evidence to support these ideas.

It is important to dispel fear in people who are unable to empty their bowels every day to avoid unnecessary interventions such as cleansing, enemas, and cleansing regimens. Some people see a doctor because they fear they only have to empty a few times a week, but in fact they feel good. It is important for these patients to convince them that they do not have a “medical problem.”As discussed below, it is recommended that constipation be treated only when it impairs a person’s quality of life. ¹

What causes constipation? Are there subtypes of constipation?

Constipation can be considered “primary” when there is no obvious cause, and “secondary” if there is an underlying factor or disorder that may explain the constipation. Common causes of “secondary” constipation include medications (classic examples are powerful narcotic pain relievers, including opioids, codeine, and morphine, but many other medications can also cause constipation), metabolic diseases such as diabetes, neurological diseases such as Parkinson’s disease …illness and pregnancy. It is recommended to prescribe opioid medications along with a bowel regimen, including stool softeners or laxatives, to prevent constipation.

What causes “primary” constipation? When constipation patients are examined with specialized physiological tests, some patients show specific results. ^{6, 7} A subset of patients has very slow passage or transit of stool through the colon (slow transit constipation).In some of these patients, the colon nerves may be abnormal. Another subgroup has difficulty in actually pushing stool out of the rectum (bowel disorders, which go by many names, including obstructed defecation, pelvic floor dysfunction, pelvic floor dyssynergia, anism, and spastic pelvic floor). These patients may have dysfunction of the muscles and nerves of the rectum, anus, and a complex set of pelvic floor muscles, all of which must act in concert to expel stool.A small minority have both delayed transit and bowel movement disorder.

A significant proportion of people with constipation have a normal transit time through the colon and do not have obvious dysfunctions of the nerves and muscles necessary to expel stool from the rectum (constipation with normal transit). In these patients, constipation is likely due to a feeling of difficulty having a bowel movement or having hard stools. ²

Normal colon, rectal and anus function and constipation problems

Understanding the normal function of the colon, rectum and anus ⁶ allows you to assess the differences between subgroups of primary constipation.

The right part of the large intestine is used for storing and mixing the contents of the stool, the left part of the colon is used for storage and is a channel for stool into the rectum, and along the length of the colon, salts and water are absorbed. Thus, stools in the right colon are usually looser than in the left. There are several patterns of normal muscle activity in the colon, including contractions that travel long distances through the colon, contractions that don’t seem to travel much, and slow and steady contractions.Strong contractions, which form a traveling wave through the colon, can move the contents of the stool over considerable distances. They often occur early in the morning and are associated with morning bowel movements that are common in many people. They can also occur after a meal and explain why some people need to have a bowel movement after eating. During a bowel movement after a meal, not just eaten food is excreted, but, rather, the stool formed after previous meals. People with slow transfer constipation may exhibit abnormalities in the motor activity of the colon, but the range of “normal” values ​​is wide, and there is no single model that is classic for slow transfer constipation.

The rectum is a reservoir at the end of the colon where stool is present until it is removed. The anal sphincter is a muscle ring just behind the rectum that prevents stool from leaking out. In most cases, the pelvic muscles (pubic ligation) pull the rectum forward, maintaining its angle, and the anal sphincter contracts. Both of these conditions impede stool passage. Normal bowel movements involve relaxing the pubic ligation, which allows the rectum to straighten, and relaxing the anal sphincter.Downward pressure increases pressure within the abdominal cavity, and this can facilitate stool passage when the rectum is straight and the anal sphincter is relaxed. In patients with impaired defecation, there may be a lack of coordination of these functions. For example, they can press while contracting (instead of relaxing) the pubic bandage and anal sphincter. This is tantamount to “putting pressure on a closed outlet.”

How common is constipation?

It is estimated that 12% to 19% of people in North America are constipated, and that more than 60 million people meet the Roman criteria for diagnosing constipation. ⁸ Taking into account all available studies, estimates of the proportion of the population suffering from constipation range from 2% to 27%. These studies used different definitions of constipation and different ways of estimating the prevalence of constipation, which probably explains the wide range of estimates. In most patients who report constipation, the condition persists a year later.

Research has identified subpopulations that are more likely to suffer from constipation. ⁸ Women are twice as likely to be constipated as men.People of color appear to be more likely to have constipation. Older people are more likely than young people to suffer from constipation. Constipation is more commonly reported by people with lower socioeconomic status.

What routine medical tests should be done for patients with constipation?

There are several studies on the usefulness of specific tests in evaluating patients with constipation. ⁹ The current consensus is that there is no evidence to support the routine use of blood tests, x-rays, or endoscopy (sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy) in people with constipation. ^{1, 9}

It is prudent to offer colorectal cancer screening to people aged 50 and over, as recommended for all people, even those without symptoms. ¹ Evidence suggests that people with chronic constipation who undergo sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy (examination of the end of the colon or the entire colon with a flexible tube with a camera at the end) are likely to have colon cancer and polyps ( growths that can turn into cancer) at the same rate as people without symptoms. ¹⁰

Specialized tests may be helpful for people with intractable constipation. This is especially true when it comes to identifying individuals with extremely slow passage through the colon or defecation disorders, since these subgroups of patients can be offered various specific therapies.

How should a constipated patient be treated in primary health care practice?

The current opinion of experts is that younger patients with chronic constipation and no “warning signs” or clinical signs indicating a specific underlying medical condition do not require a medical examination. ^{1, 3, 4} Warning signs may indicate a more serious underlying medical condition, and testing is recommended in patients with these signs, which include rectal bleeding, weight loss of 10 pounds or more, and family history of colon cancer. or inflammatory bowel disease (ulcerative colitis or Crohn’s disease), anemia (low blood count), a positive fecal occult blood test (occult blood in the stool), or acute onset of symptoms in older adults. ^{1, 4} Physicians should determine if individual patients should have blood tests ( for example, to determine if high calcium or low thyroid hormone levels may cause constipation) or other tests, including sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy. Individuals who are candidates for colon cancer screening, including those aged 50 and over, should be offered screening. ¹

Treatment of constipation should be based on the severity of the symptoms and their impact on the patient’s quality of life. ¹ First, it is necessary to determine whether the patient is worried about “constipation” or only by the thought that he is “constipated”. Patients can be assured that bowel movements every few days are within the normal range and that infrequent bowel movements are not harmful in themselves. Those who have symptoms of a bowel disorder should be offered treatment for constipation.

It is widely believed that people with constipation do not have enough fiber in their diets, do not drink enough water, and exercise insufficiently. ⁵ Although there is not much research in this area, it seems that fiber intake may not be very different from those with constipation and those who do not. However, some people with constipation can get better with dietary supplements, as described below. Drinking more water is not expected to affect stool stiffness because the small intestine has a very high capacity to absorb water, and there is really no evidence that drinking more fluids can treat constipation.Some patients report that exercise regulates their bowel movements, although there is no good research to support this as a treatment for constipation. However, this is good general advice for people to exercise regularly.

For many people with regular bowel movements, part of their “regularity” seems to be a behavioral pattern that takes advantage of times when the colon is usually active, such as in the morning and after meals. Constipated patients should be advised to listen to their body and go to the bathroom when they feel the urge to have a bowel movement, especially when waking up and after eating.However, they shouldn’t spend too much time in the bathroom straining.

What medications are available for constipation?

Available medical treatments for constipation include fillers, stool softeners, laxatives, enemas, and prescription drugs. Many traditional therapies, including dietary fiber supplements, certain laxatives, and stimulants, have not been studied in rigorous clinical trials. ¹¹ Although there is insufficient evidence in practice guidelines to make a formal recommendation for these treatments, ¹ some patients do benefit from these traditional therapies and it is wise to try them before prescriptions are considered …

Stool fillers can bind water and thus can increase the solids content as well as water in the stool. Fillers include psyllium products ( eg metamucil, consil, perdium and several additives), calcium polycarbophil ( eg Fibercon), methylcellulose ( eg citrucel), wheat dextrin ( eg Benefiber) and bran. Available evidence suggests psyllium increases stool frequency, but there is insufficient evidence to make a clear recommendation for other fillers. ¹ Clinically and over-the-counter, fillers may help some people with constipation. Fillers make some patients feel worse. For example, bloating may worsen. Agents should be stopped in these persons. There is no reason to increase the dose of these drugs to high levels in those who do not benefit from the standard doses. ⁵

Limited data are available on stool softeners such as sodium docusate ( eg Colace) or calcium docusate ( eg Surfak), and some clinical trial results are conflicting.These products are similar to detergents that allow the water to mix better in the stool. Stool softeners may have some, perhaps minimal, benefits for constipation. ¹

There are two main types of laxatives. Osmotic laxatives are substances that tend to remain in the intestines rather than being absorbed into the body. When these substances remain in the intestines, they trap fluid and can facilitate the passage of the stool, as well as make the stool softer or even thinner.Stimulant laxatives are thought to activate the nerves that control muscle function in the colon and also affect the absorption of salts and water, thereby facilitating stool passage and decreasing stool hardness. Overuse of laxatives can lead to diarrhea and significant imbalances in blood salt levels, so caution should be exercised when using these treatments.

Polyethylene glycol ( eg MiraLax, GlycoLax) is a well-studied osmotic laxative.Until recently, this medication was only available with a prescription in the United States, but it is now available without a prescription. Several studies have evaluated the benefits of polyethylene glycol for constipation. ¹ Polyethylene glycol increases stool frequency and consistency. Some patients experience bloating, cramping, and nausea while taking this medication.

Lactulose ( eg Kristalose, Chronulac), another osmotic laxative, is a sugar that cannot be processed by humans and enters the colon undigested.Lactulose also improves stool frequency and consistency. ¹ Colon bacteria can digest lactulose, which can cause gas and bloating. Sorbitol is a similar agent that is poorly absorbed and can be fermented by bacteria in the colon.

Other osmotic laxatives include magnesium citrate and magnesium hydroxide (magnesia milk). ² These agents are not well understood, but in clinical practice they may be useful in the treatment of constipation.People with kidney problems may develop abnormal blood salt levels with these agents.

Stimulant laxatives have not been well studied in clinical trials, but they are widely used. Many agents are sold over the counter. It is widely believed that these agents can harm the colon in the long term, make the colon lazy, or addictive. However, there is no evidence to support these beliefs. ⁵ Many stimulant laxatives contain senna ( eg Ex-Lax, Senokot).Bisacodyl is also common ( eg Dulcolax, Correctol). Some contain cascara sagrada. These agents may work best if used two or three times a week instead of daily in combination with daily non-stimulant laxatives. ⁵ Some patients can be successfully treated with these drugs for many years. For these patients, there does not appear to be a compelling reason to stop taking these drugs or switch to another treatment.

Other traditional therapies do not fall into the categories above.These include mineral oil, suppositories, and enemas. Herbal preparations and teas are not well understood, and it is often impossible to know what is in these preparations. However, some patients rely on these remedies to treat constipation.

In recent years, two new prescription drugs have become available for the treatment of chronic constipation. Tegaserod (Zelnorm) was first approved for constipated-predominant women with IBS and then for women and men with chronic constipation. ^{1, 4} Tegaserod increases the number of complete spontaneous bowel movements per week.Marketing of tegaserod was recently suspended because a review of clinical data found more adverse cardiovascular events in patients treated with tegaserod than in patients treated with placebo (an inactive substance) in clinical trials. Until recently, selected patients, selected patients could be eligible for a limited treatment program (“IND treatment”) for women under 55 years of age with IBS with predominance of constipation or chronic idiopathic constipation (“idiopathic” drugs of unknown origin) who do not had a satisfactory response to other available treatments, and / or patients who had a satisfactory improvement in symptoms with previous treatment with tegaserod.Patients were excluded due to a history, current diagnosis or symptoms of coronary artery disease, any cardiovascular risk factors as recommended by the National Institutes of Health, or uncompensated depression, anxiety or suicidal thoughts or behavior. The IND program is currently unavailable.

The last constipation drug approved in the United States is lubiprostone (amitiza). ¹² Lubiprostone increases the number of spontaneous bowel movements per week.Nausea can be a side effect of this medication, but it appears to be less common when the medication is taken with food.

There are medications for other conditions in which diarrhea is considered a side effect. These include colchicine and misoprostol. These medicines are sometimes used to treat constipation patients.

What specialized tests should be considered in patients with intractable constipation? How does this affect the treatment of patients?

Patients who do not respond to medication for constipation should be referred for specialist evaluation. ^{13, 14} Testing to determine which patients have slow colon transit ^{6, 7} and which patients have defecation disorders ^{6, 7} is likely to change their treatment.

Colon transit is usually measured by asking the patient to swallow a capsule containing 24 small rings or markers that can be seen on an x-ray. X-rays taken every other day should show markers in the colon.If they are in the stomach or small intestine, the transit time through the stomach or small intestine is a serious abnormality. If an X-ray taken five days after swallowing the capsule shows that there are 4 or fewer markers left in the colon, this means that the person has normal colonic transit. The rest of the markers will be completed before the fifth day. If 5 or more markers remain in the colon and are scattered on the right and left sides, this corresponds to constipation with slow passage.If several markers persist on the fifth day, but are grouped in the lower left colon (sigmoid colon) and rectum, this may indicate a defecation disorder. Other methods of checking colonic transit are available, including methods that use small amounts of radioactivity (scintigraphy).

Several tests can be used to assess abnormal bowel movements. Anorectal manometry is the measurement of pressure in the anus and rectum at rest and during compression.In people with abnormal bowel movements, the pressure in the rectum may be too low to overcome the resistance in the anus when attempting to defecate. ^{6, 7} The normal physiological pattern is that rectal pressure increases and anal pressure decreases during an attempt to defecate. The classic pattern of defecation disorder or pelvic floor dysfunction is that the pressure in the anus also increases. ⁷ Patients may also have an abnormal sensation in the rectum, being aware of an inflated balloon only above normal.

In the balloon expulsion test, patients are asked to push out a balloon, which is placed in the rectum to simulate the passage of a chair. Most people with normal bowel movements are successful in 1 minute or less. If patients are not successful after 3 minutes, they are likely to have a defecation disorder. ⁷

Defecation disorders are treated with biofeedback in addition to medical procedures. ⁷ Several sessions are offered to help patients retrain to contract and relax the relevant muscles to achieve a more satisfactory stool release.

A radiological test, called defecography, involves asking the patient to undergo a dough-like barium material that mimics soft stool during X-rays. This allows you to determine if the rectum is straightening correctly or if there is an abnormal bulge in the rectum (rectocele) that may be due to the inability to pass the paste.Rectoceles are relatively common and do not need to be surgically treated in most cases.

Hirschsprung’s disease is an extreme form of abnormal nerve contents of the rectum and colon that can affect only a small area of ​​the intestine or a large segment. Typically, inflation of the balloon in the rectum induces a reflex that relaxes the internal anal sphincter (rectoanal inhibitory reflex). Potty training involves training to squeeze the external anal sphincter when stool in the rectum causes the internal anal sphincter to relax in order to prevent stool from passing when it is socially unacceptable.If the rectoanal inhibitory reflex is absent during anorectal manometry, a sample of rectal tissue is taken to assess the possibility of Hirschsprung’s disease, which is treated by surgically removing the affected segment of the dysfunctional bowel. This condition is usually, but not always, diagnosed during childhood.

Is there a role for surgery in patients with constipation?

An extreme form of slow constipation is called colon inertia.In patients with extremely slow passage through the colon, removal of the colon may be necessary to treat constipation. Patients with extremely slow passage through the small intestine will not feel well after colon resection and this group should be approached with caution. Patients should be advised that removal of the colon is expected to help reduce the frequency of bowel movements and symptoms associated with stool retention. However, if patients also have chronic abdominal pain, the pain may not improve.Individuals with constipation with delayed passage and with impaired defecation should undergo biofeedback treatment for impaired defecation before considering surgery. Currently, surgery for the inertia of the large intestine is recommended – removal of the entire large intestine with attachment of the end of the small intestine to the rectum (colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis). ^{14, 15}

Conclusion

Constipation is characterized by infrequent and / or difficult stool passage.This is a very common condition. In most cases, this is not associated with any medical condition. You don’t have to have a daily bowel movement to be healthy. Therefore, constipation should only be treated if the symptoms bother and affect the person’s quality of life. Patients with chronic constipation do not need routine medical examination but should be offered age-appropriate screening for colorectal cancer. Several over-the-counter treatments and several prescription drugs are available.Many traditional treatments for constipation have not been thoroughly studied in clinical trials, but they can be effective and remain important alternatives in patient care. Individuals who do not respond to treatment should undergo specialized testing to identify individuals with defecation disorders, which can be treated with biofeedback and slow passage through the colon. An extreme form of slow passage through the colon, colon inertia, can be treated by surgical removal of the colon.

–
========================================= ====================
These articles are for informational purposes only and are not intended to replace professional diagnosis or treatment. You are responsible for your actions, medical care, or treatment, and you should always seek the advice of your doctor or other qualified healthcare professional for any questions you may have about your health. Tag: Health Advice; hair care; yoga; take care of the skin; meditation; food; children’s health; Mental health; gastronomy;
================================================== =============

.