What is SAMe and how does it work in the body. How effective is SAMe for treating depression and osteoarthritis. What are the potential side effects and precautions to consider when taking SAMe supplements. How does SAMe interact with other medications and what dosage is recommended.

Understanding SAMe: A Naturally Occurring Compound

S-Adenosyl methionine, commonly known as SAMe, is a molecule that plays a crucial role in various bodily functions. But what exactly is SAMe, and how does it work in our bodies?

SAMe is a naturally occurring compound synthesized in the body from methionine, an essential amino acid, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP). It serves as a methyl donor in numerous biochemical reactions, including the production of neurotransmitters, hormones, nucleic acids, proteins, and phospholipids. This process, known as methylation, is vital for maintaining cellular health and function.

While the body produces SAMe naturally, some individuals may have lower levels due to various factors such as age, diet, or certain health conditions. In such cases, SAMe supplements can be used to boost levels and potentially alleviate symptoms associated with its deficiency.

The Discovery and Development of SAMe

The history of SAMe as a therapeutic agent dates back to the 1950s when Italian researchers first isolated and identified it. However, it wasn’t until the 1970s that scientists began to understand its potential medical applications. SAMe has been used as a prescription drug in Europe for decades, particularly in Italy, Spain, and Germany. In the United States, it has been available as a dietary supplement since 1999, following the passage of the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act.

The Therapeutic Potential of SAMe: From Depression to Liver Health

SAMe has garnered significant attention in the medical community due to its diverse therapeutic potential. But what conditions can SAMe potentially help with, and how effective is it?

SAMe for Depression

One of the most well-studied applications of SAMe is in the treatment of depression. Research suggests that SAMe may be effective in reducing symptoms of major depressive disorder, particularly in cases where traditional antidepressants have failed to provide relief.

How does SAMe work as an antidepressant? The compound is believed to increase the levels of neurotransmitters such as serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine in the brain. These neurotransmitters play crucial roles in mood regulation, and their deficiency is often associated with depression.

Several clinical trials have demonstrated the efficacy of SAMe in treating depression. A meta-analysis published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition in 2002 concluded that SAMe was more effective than placebo and as effective as tricyclic antidepressants in improving depressive symptoms.

SAMe for Osteoarthritis

Another well-documented use of SAMe is in the management of osteoarthritis symptoms. But how effective is SAMe compared to conventional treatments for osteoarthritis?

Studies have shown that SAMe may be as effective as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like ibuprofen in reducing pain and improving joint function in people with osteoarthritis. A 2002 meta-analysis published in the Journal of Family Practice found that SAMe was superior to placebo in reducing pain and functional limitation in patients with osteoarthritis.

The mechanism by which SAMe alleviates osteoarthritis symptoms is not fully understood. However, it’s believed that SAMe may help stimulate the production of cartilage and reduce inflammation in the joints.

SAMe for Liver Health

SAMe has also shown promise in supporting liver health, particularly in cases of cholestasis, a condition characterized by reduced or blocked bile flow from the liver. How does SAMe benefit liver function?

SAMe plays a crucial role in the production of glutathione, a powerful antioxidant that helps protect liver cells from damage. It also aids in the production of phosphatidylcholine, a key component of cell membranes that’s essential for liver health.

Research has demonstrated that SAMe may be as effective as ursodeoxycholic acid, a prescription medication, in treating cholestasis. A study published in the journal Hepatology in 1999 found that SAMe improved biochemical markers of liver function in patients with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy.

The Safety Profile of SAMe: Side Effects and Precautions

While SAMe is generally considered safe for most people when taken as directed, it’s important to be aware of potential side effects and necessary precautions. What are the most common side effects of SAMe, and who should be cautious about using it?

Common Side Effects

The most frequently reported side effects of SAMe include:

• Gastrointestinal issues (gas, diarrhea, constipation)
• Dry mouth
• Headache
• Mild insomnia
• Nervousness or anxiety

These side effects are generally mild and often subside as the body adjusts to the supplement. However, if they persist or worsen, it’s advisable to consult a healthcare provider.

Precautions and Contraindications

While SAMe is generally safe, there are certain groups of people who should exercise caution or avoid its use altogether:

1. Individuals with bipolar disorder: SAMe may potentially trigger manic episodes in people with bipolar disorder.
2. People with Parkinson’s disease: There’s some concern that SAMe might exacerbate symptoms of Parkinson’s disease.
3. Those with Lesch-Nyhan syndrome: SAMe might worsen symptoms of this inherited disorder.
4. Pregnant and breastfeeding women: Due to limited research, it’s best to avoid SAMe during pregnancy and while breastfeeding.
5. Individuals scheduled for surgery: SAMe can affect the central nervous system and potentially interfere with anesthesia. It’s recommended to stop taking SAMe at least two weeks before scheduled surgery.

As with any supplement, it’s crucial to consult with a healthcare provider before starting SAMe, especially if you have any pre-existing health conditions or are taking medications.

SAMe and Drug Interactions: What You Need to Know

Understanding potential drug interactions is crucial when considering SAMe supplementation. Which medications might interact with SAMe, and what are the potential consequences?

SAMe and Antidepressants

One of the most significant potential interactions is between SAMe and antidepressant medications, particularly those that affect serotonin levels in the brain. These include:

• Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)
• Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs)
• Tricyclic antidepressants

Combining SAMe with these medications could potentially lead to serotonin syndrome, a potentially life-threatening condition characterized by high levels of serotonin in the body. Symptoms can include agitation, hallucinations, rapid heart rate, and high blood pressure.

SAMe and Parkinson’s Medications

There’s also a potential interaction between SAMe and levodopa, a medication commonly used to treat Parkinson’s disease. SAMe might reduce the effectiveness of levodopa, potentially worsening Parkinson’s symptoms.

Other Potential Interactions

SAMe may also interact with:

• Dextromethorphan (found in some cough medicines)
• Meperidine (Demerol)
• Pentazocine (Talwin)
• Tramadol (Ultram)

These interactions underscore the importance of consulting with a healthcare provider before starting SAMe, especially if you’re taking any medications.

Dosage and Administration: Getting the Most from SAMe Supplements

Determining the right dosage of SAMe is crucial for maximizing its benefits while minimizing potential side effects. But what is the recommended dosage, and how should SAMe be taken?

Recommended Dosage

The appropriate dosage of SAMe can vary depending on the condition being treated and individual factors. However, some general guidelines include:

• For depression: 400-1600 mg daily, divided into multiple doses
• For osteoarthritis: 600-1200 mg daily, divided into three doses
• For liver disease: 600-1200 mg daily, divided into three doses

It’s important to note that these are general recommendations, and the optimal dosage can vary from person to person. Always start with a lower dose and gradually increase as tolerated, under the guidance of a healthcare provider.

Administration Tips

To maximize the absorption and effectiveness of SAMe:

1. Take SAMe on an empty stomach, about 30 minutes before meals.
2. If gastrointestinal side effects occur, try taking it with food.
3. For better absorption, choose enteric-coated tablets.
4. Store SAMe in a cool, dry place to maintain its stability.

Remember, it may take several weeks to experience the full benefits of SAMe supplementation. Consistency is key in achieving optimal results.

The Future of SAMe Research: Emerging Applications and Ongoing Studies

As our understanding of SAMe’s role in the body deepens, researchers continue to explore its potential applications in various health conditions. What new areas of SAMe research are emerging, and what might the future hold for this versatile compound?

SAMe and Cognitive Health

Recent studies have begun to investigate the potential role of SAMe in cognitive health and neurodegenerative disorders. Preliminary research suggests that SAMe might have neuroprotective properties and could potentially help in conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease and age-related cognitive decline.

A study published in the Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease in 2016 found that SAMe supplementation improved cognitive function in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease. While these results are promising, more research is needed to determine if these benefits translate to humans.

SAMe and Cancer Research

Another emerging area of SAMe research is in cancer prevention and treatment. Some studies have suggested that SAMe might have anti-cancer properties, particularly in liver cancer.

A 2013 study published in the World Journal of Gastroenterology found that SAMe could inhibit the growth of liver cancer cells and induce their death. However, it’s important to note that these studies are still in their early stages, and much more research is needed before any conclusions can be drawn about SAMe’s potential role in cancer treatment.

SAMe and Metabolic Health

Researchers are also exploring the potential of SAMe in metabolic health. Some studies have suggested that SAMe might play a role in regulating glucose metabolism and could potentially be beneficial in managing type 2 diabetes.

A 2016 study published in the journal Diabetes found that SAMe supplementation improved glucose homeostasis in obese mice. While these results are intriguing, human studies are needed to confirm these effects and determine their clinical relevance.

Choosing and Using SAMe Supplements: Tips for Consumers

With the growing popularity of SAMe supplements, it’s important for consumers to know how to choose a high-quality product and use it safely. What should you look for when selecting a SAMe supplement, and how can you ensure you’re using it correctly?

Selecting a Quality SAMe Supplement

When choosing a SAMe supplement, consider the following factors:

• Form: Look for enteric-coated tablets, which are more stable and better absorbed.
• Purity: Choose products that have been third-party tested for purity and potency.
• Brand reputation: Select supplements from reputable manufacturers with a history of quality products.
• Dosage: Ensure the product provides an appropriate dosage for your needs.
• Additional ingredients: Check for unnecessary additives or potential allergens.

Safe Use of SAMe Supplements

To ensure safe and effective use of SAMe supplements:

1. Consult with a healthcare provider before starting SAMe, especially if you have pre-existing health conditions or are taking medications.
2. Start with a lower dose and gradually increase as tolerated.
3. Be patient – it may take several weeks to notice the full benefits of SAMe supplementation.
4. Monitor for any side effects and report them to your healthcare provider.
5. Do not exceed the recommended dosage without medical supervision.
6. Store the supplement properly to maintain its stability and potency.

Remember, while SAMe is generally considered safe, it’s not suitable for everyone. Always prioritize your health and safety when using any dietary supplement.

Overview, Uses, Side Effects, Precautions, Interactions, Dosing and Reviews

Overview

SAMe is a molecule that is made naturally in the body from homocysteine and folate. It can also be made in a lab and taken in supplements.

SAMe is involved in the formation, activation, and breakdown of other chemicals in the body, including hormones, proteins, and certain drugs. The body uses it to make certain chemicals that play a role in pain, depression, liver disease, and other conditions.

People most commonly take SAMe for depression and osteoarthritis. It is also used for anxiety, liver disease, fibromyalgia, schizophrenia, and many other conditions, but there is no good scientific evidence to support these uses.

SAMe has been available as a dietary supplement in the US since 1999, but it has been used as a prescription drug in Italy, Spain, and Germany for many decades.

Uses & Effectiveness ?

Likely Effective for

• Osteoarthritis. Taking SAMe by mouth seems to work about as well as ibuprofen and other similar drugs for reducing symptoms of osteoarthritis. But most people need to take SAMe for about a month before they feel better.

Possibly Effective for

• Reduced or blocked flow of bile from the liver (cholestasis). Taking SAMe by mouth or by IV is about as effective as taking the prescription drug called ursodeoxycholic acid. IV products can only be given by a healthcare provider.
• Depression. Taking SAMe by mouth might reduce symptoms of major depression in some people. It might be helpful for people who don’t have a good response to prescription antidepressants. Sometimes it’s helpful when used together with prescription antidepressants.

There is interest in using SAMe for a number of other purposes, but there isn’t enough reliable information to say whether it might be helpful.

Side Effects

When taken by mouth: SAMe is likely safe. Side effects might include gas, diarrhea, constipation, dry mouth, headache, and nervousness, especially at higher doses.

Special Precautions and Warnings

When taken by mouth: SAMe is likely safe. Side effects might include gas, diarrhea, constipation, dry mouth, headache, and nervousness, especially at higher doses. Pregnancy and breast-feeding: There isn’t enough reliable information to know if SAMe is safe to use when pregnant or breast-feeding. Stay on the safe side and avoid use.

Bipolar disorder: SAMe can cause people with bipolar disorder to enter a manic state. If you have bipolar disorder, don’t use SAMe.

Inherited disorder called Lesch-Nyhan syndrome: SAMe might make symptoms of Lesch-Nyhan syndrome worse.

Parkinson disease: There is some concern that SAMe might make symptoms of Parkinson disease worse.

Surgery: SAMe might affect the central nervous system. This could interfere with surgery. Stop taking SAMe at least 2 weeks before a scheduled surgery.

Interactions ?

Moderate Interaction

Be cautious with this combination

• Levodopa is used for Parkinson disease. SAMe can change levodopa in the body and decrease its effects. Taking SAMe along with levodopa might make Parkinson disease symptoms worse. Do not take SAMe if you are taking levodopa.

• SAMe might increase a brain chemical called serotonin. Some medications also have this effect. Taking SAMe along with these medications might increase serotonin too much. This might cause serious side effects including heart problems, seizures, and vomiting.

Dosing

SAMe has most often been used by adults in doses of 400-1600 mg by mouth daily for up to 12 weeks. Speak with a healthcare provider to find out what dose might be best for a specific condition.

View References

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CONDITIONS OF USE AND IMPORTANT INFORMATION: This information is meant to supplement, not replace advice from your doctor or healthcare provider and is not meant to cover all possible uses, precautions, interactions or adverse effects. This information may not fit your specific health circumstances. Never delay or disregard seeking professional medical advice from your doctor or other qualified health care provider because of something you have read on WebMD. You should always speak with your doctor or health care professional before you start, stop, or change any prescribed part of your health care plan or treatment and to determine what course of therapy is right for you.

This copyrighted material is provided by Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database Consumer Version. Information from this source is evidence-based and objective, and without commercial influence. For professional medical information on natural medicines, see Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database Professional Version.
© Therapeutic Research Faculty 2020.

S-adenosylmethionine Information | Mount Sinai

Ademetionine; SAMe

S-Adenosylmethionine (SAMe) is a naturally-occurring compound found in almost every tissue and fluid in the body. It is involved in many important processes. SAMe plays a role in the immune system, maintains cell membranes, and helps produce and break down brain chemicals, such as serotonin, melatonin, and dopamine. It works with vitamin B12 and folate (vitamin B9). Being deficient in either vitamin B12 or folate may reduce levels of SAMe in your body.

Several studies show that SAMe helps relieve the pain of osteoarthritis. Other studies suggest that SAMe may help treat depression. Researchers have also examined SAMe’s use in the treatment of fibromyalgia and liver disease with mixed results. Many of the early studies used SAMe given intravenously or as an injection. Only recently have researchers been able to look at the effects of SAMe taken by mouth.

Depression

Some research suggests that SAMe is more effective than placebo in treating mild-to-moderate depression and is just as effective as antidepressant medications without the side effects (headaches, sleeplessness, and sexual dysfunction). In addition, antidepressants tend to take 6 to 8 weeks to begin working, while SAMe seems to begin more quickly. Researchers are not sure how SAMe works to relieve depression. But they speculate it might increase the amount of serotonin in the brain just as some antidepressants do.

Many studies have examined injectable forms of SAMe, not oral supplements. More research is needed to determine whether SAMe works for depression. Because serious depression is a dangerous illness, you should seek help from your doctor before taking SAMe or any supplement.

Osteoarthritis

A number of well-designed studies show that SAMe may reduce pain and inflammation in the joints, and researchers think it may promote cartilage repair. In several short-term studies (ranging from 4 to 12 weeks), SAMe supplements were as effective as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs, such as ibuprofen and naproxen) in adults with knee, hip, or spine osteoarthritis, in lessening morning stiffness, reducing pain and swelling, improving range of motion, and increasing walking pace. Several studies also suggest that SAMe has fewer side effects than NSAIDs. Another study compared SAMe to celecoxib (Celebrex), a type of NSAID called a COX-2 inhibitor, and found that over time SAMe was as effective as celecoxib in relieving pain. Other studies show no differences in pain relief or tolerability between treatment with SAMe or habumetone over 8 weeks in people with knee osteoporosis.

Fibromyalgia

SAMe can be effective in reducing symptoms of fibromyalgia, including pain, fatigue, morning stiffness, and depressed mood. But most studies used an injectable form of SAMe. Among studies that examined doses of SAMe by mouth, some found it was effective at reducing these symptoms while others found no benefit.

Liver disease

People with liver disease often cannot synthesize SAMe in their bodies. Preliminary studies suggest that taking SAMe may help treat chronic liver disease caused by medications or alcoholism. A study of 123 men and women with alcoholic liver cirrhosis (liver failure) found that SAMe treatment for 2 years improved survival rates and delayed the need for liver transplants better than placebo. Other studies show that SAMe may help normalize levels of liver enzymes in people with liver disease. Studies in mice show that SAMe protects against and can also reverse liver damage. However, these studies have been small and of short duration. Larger and longer studies are needed to confirm these findings.

Dementia

Preliminary evidence suggests that SAMe may improve cognitive symptoms, such as the ability to recall information and remember words. Researchers suspect SAMe acts on regions of the brain that regulate gene expression of amyloid proteins, one of the hallmarks of Alzheimer disease.

Other

Some studies suggest SAMe can effectively inhibit cancer tumor cells. Other studies suggest that taking the drug levodopa (L-dopa) for Parkinson disease may lower the levels of SAMe in the body, which may contribute to depression and increase the side effects of L-dopa. However, researchers have also found evidence that taking SAMe may make L-dopa less effective. If you have Parkinson disease, do not take SAMe without talking to your doctor first.

Dietary Sources

SAMe is not found in food. It is produced by the body from the amino acid methionine and ATP which serves as the major energy source for cells throughout the body.

Available Forms

SAMe is available in tablets or capsules, which are more stable and may be more dependable in terms of the amount of SAMe in the pill. They should be stored in a cool, dry place, but not refrigerated. Tablets should be kept in the blister pack until you take them.

How to Take It

Starting with a low dose (for example, 200 mg per day) and increasing slowly helps avoid stomach upset.

It is important to note that many of the studies of SAMe have tested injectable, not oral, forms. It is not as clear whether taking SAMe orally is as reliable or effective. Small studies suggest that oral supplementation with SAMe is not well absorbed by the body. Clinicians recommend taking oral SAMe with vitamin B12, folic acid, methionine, and trimethylglycine to enhance absorption.

Pediatric

SAMe should never be given to a child without your doctor’s supervision.

Adult

Recommended doses of SAMe vary depending on the health condition being treated. The following list gives information on the dosages used in studies for each condition:

• Depression. 800 to 1,600 mg of SAMe per day, in 2 divided doses (morning and afternoon).
• Osteoarthritis. 600 to 1,200 mg per day in 2 to 3 divided doses.
• Fibromyalgia. A dosage of 400 mg, 2 times per day for 6 weeks.
• Alcoholic liver disease. 600 to 1,200 mg per day by mouth in divided doses for 6 months enhances liver function. For liver disease, a qualified health care provider should supervise administration of SAMe.

Precautions

Because of the potential for side effects and interactions with medications, you should take dietary supplements only under the supervision of a knowledgeable health care provider.

Side effects may include dry mouth, nausea, gas, diarrhea, headache, anxiety, a feeling of elation, restlessness, and insomnia. Sweating, dizziness, and palpitations have also been reported. For this reason, you should not take SAMe at night.

Large doses of SAMe may cause mania (abnormally elevated mood). Start at a low dose and gradually increase it. DO NOT exceed recommended doses.

Pregnant and breastfeeding women should not take SAMe.

People with bipolar disorder (manic depression) should not take SAMe since it may worsen manic episodes.

SAMe should not be combined with other antidepressants without first consulting your doctor.

People taking SAMe may want to take a multivitamin that contains folic acid and vitamins B12 and B6.

Possible Interactions

If you are being treated with any of the following medications, you should not use SAMe without first talking to your health care provider.

Taking SAMe at the same time as these drugs may increase the risk of serotonin syndrome (a potentially dangerous condition caused by having too much serotonin in your body):

• Dextromethorphan (Robitussin DM, other cough syrups)
• Meperidine (Demerol)
• Pentazocine (Talwin)
• Tramadol (Ultram)

Antidepressant medications

SAMe may interact with antidepressant medications, increasing the potential for side effects including headache, irregular or accelerated heart rate, anxiety, and restlessness, as well as the potential fatal condition called Serotonin Syndrome, mentioned above. Some experts theorize that taking SAMe increases the levels of serotonin in the brain, and many antidepressants do the same. The concern is that combining the two may increase serotonin to dangerous levels. Talk to your doctor before using SAMe if you are taking any medications for depression or anxiety.

Levodopa (L-dopa)

SAMe may reduce the effectiveness of this medication for Parkinson disease.

Medications for diabetes

SAMe may reduce levels of blood sugar and may strengthen the effect of diabetes medications, which increases the risk of hypoglycemia (low blood sugar).

Supporting Research

Alpert J E, Papakostas G, Mischoulon D, Worthington J J, Petersen T, Mahal Y, et al. S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAMe) as an adjunct for resistant major depressive disorder: an open trial following partial or nonresponse to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors or venlafaxine. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2004;24(6):661-4.

Bottiglieri T. Folate, Vitamin B12, and S-Adenosylmethionine. Psychiatric Clinics of North America. W.B. Saunders Company. 2013:36(1).

Chavez M. SAMe: S-Adenosylmethionine. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2000;57(2):119-23.

Delle Chiaie R, Pancheri P, Scapicchio P. Efficacy and tolerability of oral and intramuscular S-adenosyl-L- methionine 1,4-butanedisulfonate (SAMe) in the treatment of major depression: comparison with imipramine in 2 multicenter studies. Am J Clin Nutr. 2002;76(5):1172S-6S.

Dey A, Caro AA, Cederbaum AL. S-adenosyl methionine protects ob/ob mice from CYP2E1-mediated liver injury. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2007;293(1):G91-103.

Fetrow CW, Avila JR. Efficacy of the dietary supplement S-adenosyl-L-methionine. Ann Pharmacother. 2001;35(11):1414-25.

Kim J, Lee EY, Koh EM, et al. Comparative clinical trial of S-adenosylmethionine versus nabumetone for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis; an 8-week, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, Phase IV study in Korean patients. Clin Ther. 2009;31(12):2860-72.

Li T, Yu G, Guo T, et al. The plasma S-adenosylmethionine level is associated with the severity of hepatitis B-related liver disease. Medicine. 2015;94(4):e489.

Lieber CS. Hepatic, metabolic, and nutritional disorders of alcoholism: from pathogenesis to therapy. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci. 2000;37(6):551-84.

Luo J, Li YN, Wang F, Zhang WM, Geng X. S-adenosylmethionine inhibits the growth of cancer cells by reversing the hypomethylation status of c-myc and H-ras in human gastric cancer and colon cancer. Int J Biol Sci. 2010;6(7):784-95.

Mato JM, Lu SC. Role of S-adenosyl-L-methionine in liver health and injury. Hepatology. 2007;45(5):1306-12.

Mischoulon D, Alpert J, Arning E, et al. Bioavailability of S-adenosyl methionine and impact on response in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in major depressive disorder. J Clin Psychiatry. 2012;73(6):843-8.

Morelli V, Zoorob RJ. Alternative therapies: Part 1. Depression, diabetes, obesity. Am Fam Phys. 2000;62(5):1051-60.

Najm WI, Reinsch S, Hoehler F, Tobis JS, Harvey PW. S-adenosyl methionine (SAMe) versus celecoxib for the treatment of osteoarthritis symptoms: a double-blind cross-over trial. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2004 February 26;5:6.

Rakel, D. Rakel Integrative Medicine. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2012.

Ringdahl E, Pandit S. Treatment of knee osteoarthritis. Am Fam Physician. 2011;83(11):1287-92.

Stern. Massachusetts General Hospital Comprehensive Clinical Psychiatry. 1st ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Mosby; 2008.

Side effects of childhood cancer treatment

Side effects are health problems caused by cancer treatment. Local treatments, such as radiation therapy, primarily affect the affected area of ​​the body. Drugs that are distributed throughout the body, such as chemotherapy drugs, have a wider pattern of side effects. Doctors plan treatment in such a way that, while maintaining its effectiveness, minimizing the occurrence of side effects.

Side effects are difficult to predict. They may be mild in some patients, while others may have more severe problems. The same patient may experience different side effects during different courses of treatment.

Most of the side effects resolve after therapy is completed. But even temporary side effects can make life very difficult, both physically and emotionally. Doctors will help the patient prepare for the occurrence of side effects and, if necessary, cope with them.

• “Chemical Brain”

• ANC and neutropenia

• Avascular necrosis (AVN)/osteonecrosis

• Anemia

• Hair loss

• Diarrhea

• Fever and signs of infection

• Constipation

• Changes in the condition of the skin

• Bleeding and hematoma

• Slow wound healing

• Puberty disorders

• Sleep disorders

• Pain relief

• Peripheral neuropathy

• hearing loss

• Graft-versus-host reaction

• Sepsis in children with cancer

• cytokine release syndrome

• Posterior fossa syndrome

• Tumor lysis syndrome

• Fertility Preservation in Girls

• Fertility Preservation in Male Patients

• Nausea and vomiting

• Ulcers in the mouth and throat

Other common side effects of childhood cancer treatment

Some side effects are more common. Dealing with them is often a lengthy process, and families have to find suitable solutions. But there are methods that can help.

Loss of appetite

Many children suffer from loss of appetite during cancer treatment. Some medicines can change how you taste and smell food. Proper, nutritious nutrition and maintaining body weight are essential to fight cancer.

For proper nutrition:

• Always choose healthy food whenever possible.
• Eat more often, smaller meals and snacks.
• Drink plenty of fluids.
• Try to maintain regular physical activity.
• Try changing foods and diets to find the ones that work best for you.
• Keep a diary to track your appetite, nutrition and physical activity.

Dealing with side effects

Sometimes side effects can be very difficult to manage. Patients and their families often feel physically and mentally empty. Some side effects can be difficult to talk about. It is natural to feel irritated, sad, angry, ashamed, or embarrassed. However, since each patient’s treatment and experience is unique, it is important to always tell your doctor about any side effects.

Many of these can be treated with medication, such as pain, nausea, constipation, and diarrhea. Many patients benefit from consultation with palliative care or pain specialists who work with the core medical team to help patients manage side effects and feel comfortable.

Patients and parents will also learn how to relieve symptoms, what can make them worse, and how to get through these difficult days. Try as hard as you can:

• Eat healthy food
• Maintain physical activity
• Observe sleep patterns

Parents and older children may find it helpful to keep a diary of side effects. The following data can be entered into the diary or mobile application:

• Symptoms and their severity
• Occurrence time
• What helps?

In addition to drugs, many patients are helped by methods such as:

• Relaxation
• Deep breathing
• Massage
• Biofeedback
• Play therapy
• Music and art therapy

Connecting with other children and their families allows them to exchange ideas and get support in coping with side effects. Sometimes, all it takes to make it easier is to know that someone else is also going through – or has gone through – something similar. Although it can be difficult to plan and make decisions, it is possible to control the side effects.

–
Date modified: June 2018

Side effects of therapy: what you need to know

Content

• 1 Side effects of therapy
  • 1.2 Which side effects of therapy may occur
  • 1.3 Effects of side effects on the body
  • 1.4 How to prevent side effects of therapy
    • 1.4.1 1. Make sure you take your medications correctly
    • 1.4.2 2. Discuss possible side effects with your doctor
    • 1.4.3 3. Manage your health and well-being
    • 1.4.4 4. Maintain a healthy lifestyle
    • 1.4.5 5. Consult other patients
  • 1.5 How common are side effects of therapy 900 10
  • 1.6 Which groups people are most susceptible to side effects
  • 1. 7 The importance of promptly reporting side effects to a doctor
  • 1.8 Side effects of therapy and their impact on quality of life
  • 1.9 Psychological aspect of side effects of therapy
  • 1.10 How to help manage the side effects of therapy
  • 1.11 Related videos:
  • 1.12 Q&A:
    • • 1.12.0.1 What are the side effects of therapy?
      • 1.12.0.2 How to minimize the side effects of therapy?

The article talks about the possible side effects of various therapies, including pharmacological, physiotherapeutic and psychotherapeutic. Find out what risks are associated with treatment and how to manage negative side effects.

Treatment of diseases, especially serious and chronic ones, usually involves the use of certain medications. However, in addition to the positive effects on the body, each therapy can also have unwanted side effects. Medical practice shows that side effects can occur in both patients and animals. Therefore, it is very important to know and understand what side effects may occur during treatment and how to properly manage them.

Side effects of therapy can be of a different nature and manifest as physical, psychological or neurological symptoms. Some of these may be short-lived and go away on their own, while others may be more severe and require medical attention. Of course, for each patient and type of treatment, side effects can be different, so it is very important to discuss them with your doctor before starting therapy.

It should be noted that the side effects of medical drugs may vary depending on the therapy being carried out. Therefore, it is important to be vigilant and seek immediate help if any new or worsening symptoms occur after starting treatment.

It is important to understand the side effects of therapy

When we decide to start treatment, we often focus only on its positive aspects, expecting a quick recovery. However, it must be understood that any therapy can have side effects that can have a negative impact on our health. Therefore, it is important to pay attention to possible side effects and prepare for them in advance.

The first step in understanding the side effects of therapy is to read the information provided by your doctor. He should talk about the possible side effects of the treatment, their likelihood, as well as precautions that can be taken to reduce their impact.

In addition, it is important to remember that the side effects of therapy may vary from person to person. They may vary depending on the state of health, age, gender and other factors. Therefore, it is very important to monitor your well-being and keep a diary of observations to ensure that you seek medical help in a timely manner if necessary.

In conclusion, the side effects of therapy can be unpleasant, but understanding and responding to them will help ensure that your treatment is safe and effective. Do not forget to consult with your doctor and be attentive to your body during therapy.

What side effects of therapy may occur

Therapy can be an effective way to treat various diseases, but it can also have side effects that must be considered. These effects may be temporary or long lasting, and their occurrence may vary depending on the type of therapy and the individual patient.

One of the most common side effects of therapy is nausea and vomiting. They can occur as a result of the effects of drugs on the organs of the digestive system. Some medicines can cause changes in taste preferences and loss of appetite.

Side effects of therapy may also include skin changes. Some medications can cause dry, flaky skin, redness, or a rash. These effects may be temporary or long lasting and may require additional skin care measures depending on their nature.

It is important to remember that every body is different and the side effects of therapy can vary from person to person. If you experience side effects, you should discuss them with your doctor so that he can assess their significance and take appropriate measures. It is not recommended to stop treatment without consulting a doctor.

Effects of side effects on the body

The treatment of various diseases, whether it is the use of drugs or therapeutic procedures, may be accompanied by the appearance of side effects. These effects can affect the patient’s body and require special attention from medical professionals.

Side effects of therapy require careful monitoring and control by physicians. In the course of treatment, it is important to evaluate the benefits of using therapy and the possible risks, as well as the possibility of using alternative methods of treatment. In addition, it is necessary to provide the patient with information about possible side effects and the features of their manifestation so that he can seek medical help in a timely manner if necessary.

How to prevent side effects of therapy

Side effects of therapy can be unpleasant and harmful to health. However, there are some ways that can help prevent or reduce these effects.

1. Make sure you take your medications correctly

One of the main ways to prevent the side effects of therapy is to follow the instructions for use of the medication. Take the dose recommended by your doctor, do not skip doses and do not exceed the recommended amount of the drug.

2. Discuss possible side effects with your doctor

You should discuss possible side effects with your doctor before starting treatment. Your doctor can help you understand what effects are possible and what steps you can take to prevent or reduce them.

3. Take care of your health and condition

It is important to keep a close eye on your health and condition during therapy. If you notice any changes or unusual symptoms, be sure to let your doctor know. Regular examinations and tests can also help to detect side effects in a timely manner and take the necessary measures.

4. Maintain a healthy lifestyle

A healthy lifestyle can help strengthen your body and reduce the risk of side effects from therapy. Include regular exercise, a balanced diet, enough rest and sleep in your life. Avoid bad habits such as smoking and drinking alcohol.

5. Consult with other patients

Communication with other patients who have undergone similar therapy can be helpful in understanding what side effects are possible and how to manage them. You can reach out to the online community, support groups, or join a local patient support organization.

How common are side effects of therapy

Side effects of therapy are quite common and can vary depending on the medications and treatments used. Some side effects may be mild and temporary, while others may be more severe and long lasting.

Side effects of therapy may include, for example, nausea and vomiting, fatigue, headache, rash and itching, changes in appetite, sleep disturbance, dry mouth, and other symptoms. Some medicines can also cause more serious side effects, such as allergic reactions, digestive problems, changes in liver or kidney function, and other complications.

In case of side effects of therapy, it is important to consult a doctor in time so that he can assess their severity and take the necessary measures. Using drugs without proper prescription or ignoring side effects can lead to a deterioration in the patient’s condition and negative consequences for his health.

Which groups of people are most susceptible to side effects

Side effects from therapy can be observed in different groups of people, depending on their individual characteristics and health status. Some categories of patients are more likely to experience adverse reactions to drugs or other treatments.

First, immunosuppressed people may experience more side effects because their body is less able to cope with the effects of therapy. This may include people with immunodeficiencies, cancers, organ transplant patients, or those taking immunosuppressive drugs.

Secondly, the elderly are also at risk. The reason for this is the age-related change in the physiological systems of the body, as well as the possible presence of concomitant chronic diseases in such patients. Side effects in older people may be more pronounced and more serious.

Also, women who are pregnant or breastfeeding may be more susceptible to the side effects of therapy. Some medicines can adversely affect the development of the fetus or pass into breast milk, which can adversely affect the baby. Therefore, it is important to consult a doctor and be especially careful when choosing treatment methods during this period.

Finally, patients with certain chronic conditions, such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, or kidney or liver problems, may be more sensitive to the side effects of therapy. These organs may be impaired and may not be able to process or remove drugs from the body to the full extent.

In general, it is important to consider the individual patient and the potential risks of side effects when choosing and applying treatment methods. The doctor must conduct a thorough analysis of the patient’s health status and medical history in order to select the most appropriate and safe treatment method.

Importance of telling your doctor about side effects in a timely manner

All drugs, including therapy, can cause side effects. They can manifest themselves in a variety of ways and have varying degrees of severity. Therefore, it is important not only to be aware of possible side effects, but also to report them to the doctor in a timely manner so that he can take the necessary measures.

Timely reporting of side effects to the doctor is a key factor in achieving the safety and effectiveness of therapy. Sometimes side effects can be symptoms of serious complications or allergic reactions that require immediate attention. Therefore, dialogue with the doctor about changes in health status is an integral part of the treatment process.

In addition, timely reporting of side effects can help the doctor adjust the dosage or drug and reduce the possible risks to the patient. Often, the indicators of the effectiveness of therapy can change depending on the reaction of the body, and only the doctor can decide on the correction of treatment.

However, it must be clearly understood that not all symptoms are side effects of the drug. Some symptoms may be related to other factors, such as other illnesses or poor lifestyle choices. Therefore, to determine the cause of the symptoms, it is necessary to discuss them in detail with the doctor using clarifying questions and additional research.

Side effects of therapy and their impact on quality of life

Side effects of therapy are unwanted reactions of the body that can manifest themselves in various forms and with varying degrees of severity. They can occur as a result of drugs, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and other treatments. It is important to understand that side effects can significantly affect a patient’s quality of life and ability to continue treatment.

One of the most common side effects of therapy is nausea and vomiting. These symptoms can be caused both by the drugs themselves and by the reduced efficiency of the digestive system. They can significantly impair the patient’s quality of life, cause depression and affect his appetite.

Another unpleasant side effect of therapy is hair loss. This is especially devastating for patients, especially women, who often attribute their beauty and self-worth to having thick hair. This side effect can lead to decreased self-confidence and feelings of shame.

Skin reactions are also common side effects of therapy. It can be a skin rash, itching, stinging or peeling of the skin. These reactions can be uncomfortable and require special care and treatment. They can affect the patient’s quality of life by limiting their ability to participate in daily life and social activities.

Side effects of therapy must be taken into account when choosing treatments and deciding whether to prescribe a particular drug or procedure. It is important to have an open dialogue with the doctor and report any side effects that occur in order to find the best solution and adjust therapy if necessary.

Psychological side effects of therapy

Therapy can have various side effects on the psychological state of the patient. First, therapy can cause feelings of anxiety or anxiety in some people. They may be afraid of the unknown or fear the unpredictable outcome of therapy.

Second, some patients may become emotionally stressed during therapy. This may be due to becoming aware of your problems, facing unpleasant emotions, or expressing long-forgotten or repressed feelings.

In addition, side effects of therapy may include negative thoughts or memories. Patients may experience episodes of depression or anxiety, which may result from reflection on the past or anticipation of the future.

Emotional and psychological manifestations during therapy may also include physical symptoms such as headaches, sleep problems, or loss of appetite. These physical manifestations are associated with high levels of stress and tension that can accompany the therapeutic process.

Finally, the psychological side effects of therapy may be related to changes in the patient’s sense of self. Some people may feel more vulnerable or insecure during therapy, as a result of which they may feel the need for more support and care.

In general, the psychological side effects of therapy should be considered and discussed with both the therapist and the patient. It is important to understand that support and understanding are important during the therapeutic process and can help to cope with emerging emotional and psychological difficulties.

How to help manage the side effects of therapy

When we receive treatment, side effects can be unpleasant and even uncomfortable. But there are several ways you can help manage these side effects and improve your well-being.

1. Discuss with your doctor

The most important thing is to discuss any side effects with your doctor. Tell him about any discomfort or problems that arise during treatment. Your doctor will be able to offer you tips and advice on how to manage side effects.

2. Lifestyle changes

Lifestyle changes can help manage some side effects. For example, if you have digestive issues, you may want to consider changing your diet or adding probiotics to your diet. For physical fatigue, you can try increasing your physical activity or incorporating relaxation practices such as yoga or meditation.

3. Support of loved ones

Surrounding loved ones who can provide support and understanding is of great importance. Talk to your loved ones about how you feel and what you need. Keep in mind that they do not always understand your feelings and problems, so it is important to be open to dialogue and explain all the details of your condition.

4. Allow yourself to rest

It is important to allow yourself to rest and take care of your physical and emotional well-being. Make time for yourself, do things that make you happy and help you relax. Meditate, listen to music, read books, be creative. This will help you manage side effects and improve your quality of life during treatment.

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What are the side effects of therapy?

Side effects of therapy may vary depending on the specific drug or procedure.