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Sinus pressure cause. Understanding Sinus Pressure: Causes, Symptoms, and Effective Relief Strategies

by alexxlab

What are the main causes of sinus pressure. How can you distinguish between sinus headaches and migraines. What are some effective home remedies for relieving sinus pressure and congestion.

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The Primary Causes of Sinus Pressure

Sinus pressure can be a debilitating condition that affects many individuals. It occurs when the sinuses become inflamed or filled with excess fluid and mucus. This pressure can lead to discomfort in various areas of the face, including the forehead, between the eyes, in the upper cheeks, or behind the eyes. Understanding the root causes of sinus pressure is crucial for effective treatment and relief.

1. Sinusitis: A Common Culprit

Sinusitis, or sinus infection, is one of the most frequent causes of sinus pressure. It can be either acute (short-term) or chronic (long-term). Sinusitis occurs when the sinus cavities become inflamed due to allergies or bacterial buildup. Common symptoms include:

  • Sinus headache
  • Facial pressure
  • Yellow or green mucus
  • Congestion
  • Post-nasal drip
  • Fever and chills

Chronic sinusitis may indicate underlying issues such as severe allergies or a deviated septum. If you experience persistent sinus pressure, it’s advisable to consult an ENT specialist for proper diagnosis and treatment.

2. Environmental Irritants

Environmental factors can significantly contribute to sinus pressure. Allergens and airborne pollutants, such as smoke, can trigger inflammation in the sinuses, leading to increased mucus production. This results in the familiar sensation of a swollen, stuffy nose.

While antihistamines may provide short-term relief, persistent sinus pressure caused by environmental irritants may require consultation with an allergist for long-term management strategies.

3. The Common Cold

Respiratory infections, whether viral or bacterial, often lead to mucus buildup in the sinuses. This accumulation creates an ideal environment for bacteria to multiply, potentially transforming a simple cold into a full-blown sinus infection. A key indicator of this progression is a change in mucus color to greenish, distinguishing a sinus infection from a common cold.

4. Nasal Polyps

Nasal polyps are benign growths that develop inside the sinuses. While they may not cause immediate pain, as they grow larger, they can lead to sinus pressure and headaches. Regular check-ups with an ENT specialist can help detect and manage nasal polyps before they cause significant discomfort.

5. Deviated Septum

A deviated septum occurs when the thin wall between your nasal passages leans more to one side than the other. This structural irregularity can impede proper sinus drainage, leading to mucus buildup. Over time, this stagnation can result in chronic sinus infections and persistent sinus pressure.

Distinguishing Sinus Pressure from Other Conditions

It’s important to accurately identify sinus pressure, as it can sometimes be confused with other conditions, particularly migraines. Understanding the differences can lead to more effective treatment.

Sinus Pressure Without Congestion

Can you experience sinus pressure without congestion? While it’s possible to have sinus pressure without noticeable congestion, it typically accompanies other symptoms related to allergies, colds, or infections. If you’re experiencing what feels like sinus pressure without other typical symptoms, it’s worth considering that you might be dealing with migraines instead.

Sinus Headaches vs. Migraines

Sinus headaches and migraines often share similar symptoms, leading to frequent misdiagnosis. Both can cause pain behind the eyes and around the head, and may result in watery eyes or a runny nose. However, there are key differences:

  • Mucus color: Migraine-related mucus tends to be clear, while sinus headache mucus is usually yellowish or greenish.
  • Additional symptoms: Migraines often come with nausea, vomiting, and sensitivity to light or noise.
  • Timing: Migraines can occur at any time, while sinus headaches are more common in the morning.

If you’re experiencing constant sinus pressure, it could indicate chronic allergies or chronic sinusitis. Consulting an ENT specialist is crucial, as untreated chronic sinusitis can lead to serious health complications.

Effective Strategies for Sinus Pressure Relief

While persistent sinus pressure may require medical intervention, there are several home remedies that can provide relief:

  1. Stay hydrated: Drinking plenty of water helps thin mucus and promote drainage.
  2. Use a saline rinse or neti pot: These can help flush out irritants and excess mucus.
  3. Run a humidifier: Adding moisture to the air can soothe irritated sinus passages.
  4. Try steam therapy: Inhaling steam can help loosen mucus and reduce congestion.
  5. Take over-the-counter pain relievers: These can help manage pain and reduce inflammation.

These remedies can offer temporary relief, but for chronic issues, it’s essential to seek professional medical advice.

The Impact of Chronic Sinus Pressure on Quality of Life

Chronic sinus pressure can significantly affect an individual’s daily life and overall well-being. The persistent discomfort and pain can lead to reduced productivity, difficulty concentrating, and even mood changes. Understanding the long-term effects of chronic sinus issues is crucial for emphasizing the importance of proper treatment and management.

Sleep Disturbances

One of the most common side effects of chronic sinus pressure is disrupted sleep. The discomfort and congestion can make it challenging to breathe properly at night, leading to poor sleep quality. This, in turn, can result in daytime fatigue, irritability, and decreased cognitive function.

Reduced Sense of Smell and Taste

Persistent sinus inflammation can affect the olfactory nerves, leading to a diminished sense of smell. Since smell and taste are closely linked, this can also impact one’s ability to enjoy food fully. In some cases, this can lead to changes in appetite and even nutritional deficiencies if left unaddressed.

Social and Emotional Impact

The chronic nature of sinus pressure can take a toll on an individual’s social life and emotional well-being. Constant discomfort may lead to withdrawal from social activities, and the persistent symptoms can cause frustration and anxiety. It’s important to address these psychological aspects alongside the physical symptoms for comprehensive care.

Advanced Treatment Options for Chronic Sinus Pressure

When home remedies and over-the-counter treatments prove insufficient, there are several advanced options available for managing chronic sinus pressure. These treatments aim to address the root cause of the issue and provide long-lasting relief.

Balloon Sinuplasty

Balloon sinuplasty is a minimally invasive procedure that has gained popularity in recent years. During this treatment, a small balloon is inserted into the sinus cavity and inflated, gently restructuring the sinus opening to improve drainage. This procedure is often effective for those with chronic sinusitis and can be performed in an outpatient setting.

Endoscopic Sinus Surgery

For more severe cases, endoscopic sinus surgery may be recommended. This procedure involves using a thin, lighted instrument to remove blockages in the sinus cavities. It can be particularly effective for treating nasal polyps, deviated septums, and other structural issues that contribute to chronic sinus pressure.

Immunotherapy

For individuals whose sinus pressure is primarily caused by allergies, immunotherapy can be a game-changer. This treatment involves gradually exposing the body to small amounts of allergens to build tolerance over time. It can be administered through shots or sublingual tablets and may significantly reduce allergy-related sinus symptoms.

Preventive Measures and Lifestyle Changes

While treatment is crucial for managing sinus pressure, prevention plays an equally important role. Implementing certain lifestyle changes and preventive measures can significantly reduce the frequency and severity of sinus pressure episodes.

Environmental Modifications

Creating an environment that minimizes exposure to allergens and irritants can make a substantial difference. Consider the following steps:

  • Use high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters in your home
  • Keep indoor humidity levels between 30-50% to discourage mold growth
  • Regularly clean bedding and upholstery to reduce dust mites
  • Avoid smoking and exposure to secondhand smoke

Dietary Considerations

Certain foods and dietary habits can influence sinus health. While individual responses may vary, consider incorporating these practices:

  • Stay hydrated to keep mucus thin and flowing
  • Include anti-inflammatory foods like omega-3 rich fish, turmeric, and ginger in your diet
  • Limit dairy consumption, as it may increase mucus production in some individuals
  • Avoid alcohol, which can lead to sinus inflammation

Regular Exercise

Engaging in regular physical activity can have a positive impact on sinus health. Exercise promotes better circulation, which can help reduce inflammation throughout the body, including in the sinus cavities. Additionally, certain yoga poses and breathing exercises can help improve sinus drainage and relieve pressure.

The Role of Technology in Sinus Pressure Management

Advancements in technology have introduced new tools and methods for managing sinus pressure. These innovations offer both diagnostic and therapeutic benefits, providing more precise and personalized care for individuals suffering from chronic sinus issues.

3D Imaging and CT Scans

Modern imaging techniques allow for detailed visualization of the sinus cavities, enabling doctors to pinpoint the exact location and extent of inflammation or blockages. This precision leads to more targeted and effective treatments, especially when surgical intervention is necessary.

Smart Health Devices

Wearable technology and smartphone apps are increasingly being used to track environmental factors that may trigger sinus pressure. These devices can monitor air quality, pollen counts, and even personal symptoms, helping individuals identify patterns and take proactive measures to prevent sinus flare-ups.

Telemedicine for Sinus Care

The rise of telemedicine has made it easier for patients to consult with sinus specialists remotely. This accessibility is particularly beneficial for those who need regular follow-ups or have limited access to specialized care in their area. Virtual consultations can provide timely advice and adjustments to treatment plans without the need for in-person visits.

In conclusion, understanding the causes and management of sinus pressure is crucial for those seeking relief from this common yet often debilitating condition. By combining proper medical care with lifestyle adjustments and preventive measures, individuals can significantly improve their quality of life and reduce the impact of sinus pressure on their daily activities. Remember, while home remedies can offer temporary relief, persistent or severe symptoms should always be evaluated by a healthcare professional to ensure appropriate treatment and prevent potential complications.

What Causes Sinus Pressure? | Kaplan Sinus Relief

Experiencing consistent sinus pressure can be frustrating, leaving you to wonder, “what causes sinus pressure and how can I get rid of it?” 

Sinus pressure or pain is a result of inflamed sinuses or an increase in fluid and mucus secretion caused by factors such as sinusitis, environmental irritants, or the common cold. You could experience sinus pain or sinus pressure in your forehead, between your eyes, in your upper cheeks, or behind your eyes.

Kaplan Sinus Relief is a full-service Houston sinus center that helps patients achieve lasting sinus relief. We are here to assure you that there are ways to ease the discomfort you feel in your sinuses. Here is everything you need to know about what causes sinus pressure and how to treat it.

5 possible causes of sinus pressure

When your sinuses become swollen either due to inflammation or increased mucus, it can create pressure in your sinus cavities. This increased pressure on the nerve endings around your sinuses can leave you in massive discomfort and throbbing pain.

Sinus pressure can be caused by:

1. Sinusitis

Sinusitis is a sinus infection caused by allergies or a build-up of bacteria and can be short-term (acute sinus infection) or long-term (chronic sinus infection). Chronic sinusitis can be indicative of something larger going on like severe allergies or a deviated septum.

Some common sinus infection symptoms include:

  • Sinus headache
  • Facial pressure
  • Yellow or green mucus
  • Congestion
  • Post-nasal drip
  • Fever and chills

2. Environmental irritants

In response to an allergy attack or other airborne pollutants such as smoke, your sinuses could become inflamed and begin overproducing mucus creating that feeling of a swollen, stuffy nose. An antihistamine can help with short-term relief, but if sinus pressure caused by environmental irritants becomes an issue, you may need to see an allergist.

3. The common cold

Respiratory infections caused by bacteria or viruses usually result in mucus buildup. This mucus buildup can be the perfect place for bacteria to multiply, turning your common cold into a full-blown sinus infection. If your mucus becomes a greenish color, you likely are facing a sinus infection vs. cold.

4. Nasal polyps

Nasal polyps are benign, non-cancerous growths on the inside of your sinuses. Although they don’t cause pain in the beginning stages, they could lead to sinus pressure and headaches as they grow bigger.

5. Deviated septum

If your septum –– the thin wall between your nasal passages –– leans to one side more than the other, it can prevent proper drainage. As we discussed, this stagnancy can cause mucus buildup that leads to chronic sinus infections and sinus pressure.

Causes of sinus pressure without a sinus headache

Why do I have sinus pressure but no congestion? While it is possible to have a sinus pressure headache without congestion, it usually comes hand in hand with other symptoms of allergies, colds, or infections. If you are only experiencing what you consider to be a sinus headache, you may actually have migraines and should schedule an appointment with your primary care physician. 

The treatments for the two conditions, sinus pressure and migraines, are different and you may be self-diagnosing, and therefore treating, incorrectly.

Sinus headache vs. migraines

Sinus headaches and migraines are often misdiagnosed as one another as their symptoms can be similar. Both can cause pain or tenderness behind your eyes and around your head and result in watery eyes or a runny nose. One way that you can tell the difference between a sinus headache and a migraine is by mucus color. For a migraine, the mucus tends to be clear while the mucus from a sinus headache will have a yellowish or greenish tint to it.

Another major difference is the other symptoms accompanying the pain. For migraines, you could be experiencing nausea and vomiting coupled with light or noise sensitivity. Migraines can also come on at any time in the day whereas sinus headaches tend to be isolated more towards the morning upon waking. Though this isn’t always the case.

You might be experiencing constant sinus headaches and want to know “what does it mean when you have constant sinus pressure?” If you’re experiencing the discomfort of constant sinus pressure, you’re likely facing some chronic allergies or chronic sinusitis. Schedule an appointment with your ENT to be sure. Chronic sinusitis left untreated can lead to some serious health issues down the road.

How do I stop sinus pressure?

You might be wondering how to relieve sinus pressure if you’ve been experiencing the discomfort and pain that comes alongside it. Some home remedies for congestion you could try include:

  1. Drinking lots of water
  2. Using a saline rinse or neti pot
  3. Running a humidifier
  4. Steaming
  5. Taking over-the-counter pain relievers

Hopefully, these tips help you find relief, but it’s important to remember that they only treat the symptoms. If you are experiencing sinus pressure or throbbing pain for more than 12 weeks, you may be suffering from chronic sinusitis. Don’t wait to schedule an appointment with your ENT.

Find sinus pressure relief with balloon sinuplasty in Houston

Sinus pain is uncomfortable and can disrupt your life regardless of what causes sinus pressure. At Kaplan Sinus Relief, we help people breathe better with a variety of sinusitis treatment options, including balloon sinuplasty.

Balloon sinuplasty is a minimally invasive and effective way to treat your underlying sinus issues and can deliver lasting relief in as little as 20 minutes. We can help you treat your chronic sinus infections and get you feeling and breathing better again in no time.

Call 713-588-9987 or contact us online to schedule an appointment with Dr. Kaplan today!

More Helpful Articles by Kaplan Sinus Relief:

  • How to Relieve Sinus Pain at Home vs. When to See an ENT
  • LATERA Implants to Fix a Collapsed Nostril
  • How long does Clarifix last?
  • Finding a Deviated Septum Doctor in Houston
  • Rhinitis vs. Sinusitis: How Are They Different?

Sinusitis: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia

Sinusitis is present when the tissue lining the sinuses become swollen or inflamed. It occurs as the result of an inflammatory reaction or an infection from a virus, bacteria, or fungus.

The sinuses are air-filled spaces in the skull. They are located behind the forehead, nasal bones, cheeks, and eyes. Healthy sinuses contain no bacteria or other germs. Most of the time, mucus is able to drain out and air is able to flow through the sinuses.

When the sinus openings become blocked or too much mucus builds up, bacteria and other germs can grow more easily.

Sinusitis can occur from one of these conditions:

  • Small hairs (cilia) in the sinuses fail to properly move mucus out. This may be due to some medical conditions.
  • Colds and allergies may cause too much mucus to be made or block the opening of the sinuses.
  • A deviated nasal septum, nasal bone spur, or nasal polyps may block the opening of the sinuses.
  • Chronic infection can cause mucosal swelling and inflammation.

There are three types of sinusitis:

  • Acute sinusitis is when symptoms are present for 4 weeks or less. It is caused by bacteria growing in the sinuses.
  • Chronic sinusitis is when the symptoms and swelling of the sinuses is present for longer than 3 months. It may be caused by bacteria or a fungus.
  • Subacute sinusitis is when the symptoms and swelling is present from 1 to 3 months.

The following may increase the risk that an adult or child will develop sinusitis:

  • Allergic rhinitis or hay fever
  • Cystic fibrosis
  • Going to day care
  • Diseases that prevent the cilia from working properly
  • Changes in altitude (flying or scuba diving)
  • Large adenoids
  • Smoking
  • Weakened immune system from HIV or chemotherapy
  • Abnormal sinus structures

The symptoms of acute sinusitis in adults very often follow a cold that does not get better or that gets worse after 7 to 10 days. Symptoms include:

  • Bad breath or loss of smell
  • Cough, often worse at night
  • Fatigue and general feeling of being ill
  • Fever
  • Headache
  • Pressure-like pain, pain behind the eyes, toothache, or tenderness of the face
  • Nasal stuffiness and discharge
  • Sore throat and postnasal drip

Symptoms of chronic sinusitis are the same as those of acute sinusitis. However, the symptoms tend to be milder and last longer than 12 weeks.

Symptoms of sinusitis in children include:

  • Cold or respiratory illness that has been getting better and then begins to get worse
  • High fever, along with a darkened nasal discharge, that lasts for at least 3 days
  • Nasal discharge, with or without a cough, that has been present for more than 10 days and is not improving

The health care provider will examine you or your child for sinusitis by:

  • Looking in the nose for signs of polyps
  • Shining a light against the sinus (transillumination) for signs of inflammation
  • Tapping over a sinus area to find infection

The provider may view the sinuses through a fiberoptic scope (called nasal endoscopy or rhinoscopy) to diagnose sinusitis. This is often done by doctors who specialize in ear, nose, and throat problems (ENTs).

Imaging tests that may be used to decide on treatment are:

  • A CT scan of the sinuses to help diagnose sinusitis or view the bones and tissues of the sinuses more closely
  • An MRI of the sinuses if there might be a tumor or fungal infection

Most of the time, regular x-rays of the sinuses do not diagnose sinusitis well.

If you or your child has sinusitis that does not go away or keeps returning, other tests may include:

  • Allergy testing
  • Blood tests for HIV or other tests for poor immune function
  • Ciliary function test
  • Nasal culture
  • Nasal cytology
  • Sweat chloride tests for cystic fibrosis

SELF-CARE

Try the following steps to reduce stuffiness in your sinuses:

  • Apply a warm, moist washcloth to your face several times a day.
  • Drink plenty of fluids to thin the mucus.
  • Inhale steam 2 to 4 times per day (for example, while sitting in the bathroom with the shower running).
  • Spray with nasal saline several times per day.
  • Use a humidifier.
  • Use a Neti pot or saline squeeze bottle to flush the sinuses.

Be careful with use of over-the-counter spray nasal decongestants such as oxymetazoline (Afrin) or neosynephrine. They may help at first, but using them for more than 3 to 5 days can make nasal stuffiness worse and lead to dependence.

To help ease sinus pain or pressure:

  • Avoid flying when you are congested.
  • Avoid temperature extremes, sudden changes in temperature, and bending forward with your head down.
  • Try acetaminophen or ibuprofen.

MEDICINE AND OTHER TREATMENTS

Most of the time, antibiotics are not needed for acute sinusitis. Most of these infections go away on their own. Even when antibiotics do help, they may only slightly reduce the time it takes for the infection to go away. Antibiotics are more likely to be prescribed sooner for:

  • Children with nasal discharge, possibly with a cough, that is not getting better after 2 to 3 weeks
  • Fever higher than 102. 2°F (39°C)
  • Headache or pain in the face
  • Severe swelling around the eyes

Acute sinusitis should be treated for 5 to 10 days. Chronic sinusitis should be treated for 3 to 4 weeks.

At some point, your provider will consider:

  • Other prescription medicines
  • More testing
  • Referral to an ear, nose, and throat or allergy specialist

Other treatments for sinusitis include:

  • Allergy shots (immunotherapy) to help prevent the disease from returning
  • Avoiding allergy triggers
  • Nasal corticosteroid sprays and antihistamines to decrease swelling, especially if there are nasal polyps or allergies
  • Oral corticosteroids

Surgery to enlarge the sinus opening and drain the sinuses may also be needed. You may consider this procedure if:

  • Your symptoms do not go away after 3 months of treatment.
  • You have more than 2 or 3 episodes of acute sinusitis each year.

Most fungal sinus infections need surgery. Surgery to repair a deviated septum or nasal polyps may prevent the condition from returning.

Most sinus infections can be cured with self-care measures and medical treatment. If you are having repeated attacks, you should be checked for causes such as nasal polyps or other problems, such as allergies.

Although very rare, complications may include:

  • Abscess
  • Bone infection (osteomyelitis)
  • Meningitis
  • Skin infection around the eye (orbital cellulitis)

Contact your provider if:

  • Your symptoms last longer than 10 to 14 days or you have a cold that gets worse after 7 days.
  • You have a severe headache that is not relieved by over-the-counter pain medicine.
  • You have a fever.
  • You still have symptoms after taking all of your antibiotics properly.
  • You have any changes in your vision during a sinus infection.

A green or yellow discharge does not mean that you definitely have a sinus infection or need antibiotics. Many people with this symptom recover fully without taking antibiotics.

The best way to prevent sinusitis is to avoid colds and flu or treat problems quickly.

  • Control your allergies if you have them.
  • Get an influenza vaccine each year.
  • Reduce stress.
  • Wash your hands often, particularly after shaking hands with others.

Other tips for preventing sinusitis:

  • Avoid smoke and pollutants.
  • Drink plenty of fluids to increase moisture in your body.
  • Take decongestants during an upper respiratory infection.
  • Treat allergies quickly and appropriately.
  • Use a humidifier to increase moisture in your nose and sinuses.

Acute sinusitis; Sinus infection; Sinusitis – acute; Sinusitis – chronic; Rhinosinusitis

  • Sinuses

  • Sinusitis

  • Chronic sinusitis

  • Allergic reactions

DeMuri GP, Wald ER. Sinusitis. In: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, eds. Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett’s Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 62.

Murr AH. Approach to the patient with nose, sinus, and ear disorders. In: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Goldman-Cecil Medicine. 26th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 398.

Pappas DE, Hendley JO. Sinusitis. In: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 21st ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 408.

Rosenfeld RM, Piccirillo JF, Chandrasekhar SS, et al. Clinical practice guideline (update): adult sinusitis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2015;152(2 Suppl):S1-S39. PMID: 25832968 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25832968/.

Updated by: Josef Shargorodsky, MD, MPH, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. Also reviewed by David C. Dugdale, MD, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team.

Sinus bradycardia of the heart: symptoms, causes, treatment

Cardiologist

Sokolov

Denis Vladimirovich

Experience 18 years

Cardiologist of the first category, Ph. D., member of the Asute Cardiovascular Care Association (ASSA)

Make an appointment

Bradycardia is an abnormal decrease in heart rate observed in patients of various ages. It develops against the background of acute or chronic heart disease. The threshold value for diagnosis is 60 contractions of the heart muscle per minute. Patients suffer from weakness, systematic loss of consciousness, dizziness and drops in blood pressure. Severe sinus bradycardia (40 heart rate / min) can lead to the development of heart failure. To prevent it, the patient is implanted with a pacemaker.

General

Pathology develops against the background of the inability of the sinus node to produce the number of electrical impulses necessary for a normal heart rate. Moderate sinus bradycardia may not lead to hemodynamic disturbance. A pronounced form of pathology provokes insufficient blood supply to tissues. Oxygen starvation of organs develops.

Professional athletes may experience physiological bradycardia, which is considered normal by cardiologists. At rest, trained people record 50-60 heartbeats per minute. In a dream, this value drops by 25-30%.

Types of pathology

Cardiologists distinguish five forms on an etiological basis:

  • extracardiac;
  • organic;
  • medicinal;
  • toxic;
  • sinus sports.

The extracardiac type develops under the influence of neurogenic factors, the organic type develops against the background of pathological lesions of the heart. Medicinal and toxic forms of the disease occur when toxins or drugs in excessive dosages enter the patient’s body. Sinus bradycardia in athletes is the result of many years of training aimed at achieving maximum heart rate during physical exertion.

Pathological types can occur in acute or chronic forms. In the first case, heart attacks, myocarditis, and intoxication become the cause of heart rate disturbances. Chronic bradycardia is the result of age-related sclerotic lesions of the heart muscle.

Causes of irregular heart rhythm

The organic type manifests itself against the background of several pathologies:

  • myocardial infarction;
  • myocardial dystrophy;
  • myocarditis;
  • cardiosclerosis.

These diseases provoke degenerative changes in the sinus node and conduction disturbances in the myocardium.

The extracardiac form of bradycardia is the result of neurosis, increased intracranial pressure, or compression of the carotid sinus by clothing.

Toxic lesions develop when a person comes into contact with hazardous chemicals. Bradycardia of this type often develop against the background of the patient’s professional activities.

Medicinal bradycardias are manifested when a person violates the prescribed dosage of the drug or long-term medication with a pronounced effect on the heart rate.

Symptoms of disease

A moderate course is rarely accompanied by overt clinical symptoms. A pronounced form of pathology provokes:

  • dizziness;
  • weakness;
  • fainting spells;
  • decreased muscle tone;
  • jumps in blood pressure;
  • profuse sweating.

Patients may experience difficulty breathing, feel severe pain in the chest. Representatives of the older age group are faced with impaired concentration, short-term memory loss, episodic visual disturbances.

Violation of the contractile function of the myocardium leads to hypoxia of the brain. Against the background, seizures of convulsions lasting up to 60 seconds can develop. This condition is considered by cardiologists as the most dangerous with confirmed bradycardia. The patient needs emergency care, as prolonged seizures provoke respiratory arrest.

Diagnostic procedures

Diagnosis and treatment of bradycardia is performed by a cardiologist. The doctor examines the child or adult and collects data for anamnesis. Close attention is paid to the patient’s pulse, sonority of heart sounds and respiratory rate. If there are appropriate indications, the cardiologist can refer the patient to a neurologist, neurosurgeon, infectious disease specialist.

The organic form requires an ultrasound of the heart. Ultrasound examination allows to assess changes in the size of the heart muscle, to identify foci of degenerative lesions. Load bicycle ergometry is aimed at determining the increase in heart rate with various amounts of physical activity.

Pathology treatment

A moderate course of the disease without severe clinical manifestations does not require therapy. Organic, toxic and extracardiac forms of bradycardia require mandatory treatment of the underlying pathology. Patients with a drug-type disease are prescribed reduced dosages of drugs that slow down the heart rate.

With severe bradycardia with seizures, surgical intervention is performed. The patient is implanted with a pacemaker, which serves as a replacement for the pacemaker. The frequency of pulses produced by the implant corresponds to the age norm of the patient. A stable heart rhythm leads to the normalization of hemodynamics and the elimination of oxygen starvation of organs.

Forecast

The prognosis is complicated if the patient has organic lesions of the heart. A sustained decrease in heart rate can lead to a person being given a disability. The moderate nature of bradycardia allows you to achieve a complete recovery of the patient’s performance, regardless of the causes of cardiac arrhythmias. The presence of chronic systemic pathologies in a child or adult leads to a satisfactory prognosis.

Questions and answers

What preventive measures can prevent the development of bradycardia?

It is possible to avoid a stable heart rhythm disturbance with timely seeking medical help due to intoxication or deterioration of health when taking medications. Patients with a burdened family history are recommended to undergo annual examinations with a cardiologist.

At what age can a person experience symptoms of bradycardia?

Disturbances in the work of the pacemaker are possible at any age. The likelihood of developing a stable form increases significantly when a person reaches 65 years of age.

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causes, symptoms, signs, what is dangerous, treatment

Causes

Symptoms

Complications

Diagnosis

Treatment

Prognosis and prevention

Bradycardia is a pathological condition when the heart rate (HR) decreases and becomes below normal. For adults, this figure after rest will be approximately 60 beats / min. For children, this indicator differs at different ages. For example, if an infant’s heart beats at a rate of 100-60 beats per minute, this is already considered a low number.

Cardiac bradycardia is not always a disease. It is an adaptation mechanism, which is especially highly developed in athletes and sportsmen. In other cases, this type of arrhythmia requires mandatory consultation with a cardiologist, therapist.

Causes and precipitating factors

Bradycardia in patients is rarely spontaneous. Usually a rare heart rhythm is provoked by diseases of the heart or blood vessels.

Extracardiac bradycardia occurs for the following reasons:

  • neurocirculatory dystonia;
  • neurosis, accompanied by disruption of the autonomic nervous system;
  • squeezing the carotid node, for example, with a collar or tie that is too tight;
  • pressure on the eyes;
  • meningitis;
  • brain contusion, its edema, compression by a tumor, intracranial fluid;
  • high intracranial pressure;
  • stomach or intestinal ulcer;
  • thyroid disease.

The organic form appears with malnutrition of the heart muscle – with a heart attack, cardiosclerosis and similar diseases. Such bradycardia is more often diagnosed in men. These pathologies lead to various disorders of cardiac conduction, which is accompanied by the development of this type of arrhythmia.

Sinus bradycardia is one of the most common forms. At the same time, the heart contracts with a normal rhythm, but quite rarely. There is also a change from a rare rhythm to a frequent one, and then they change again. With an extreme degree of damage to the sinus node, impulses cease to be produced in it at all, and the heart stops.

Bradycardia may be caused by certain drugs. They can be prescribed for this purpose, or they can have such a side effect. Most often, a decrease in the number of heart contractions occurs with the regular use of Reserpine, Verapamil, Nifedipine.

Bradycardia in adults can also be toxic. This option occurs against the background of any intoxication: in case of poisoning, sepsis, burns, diseases of the liver or kidneys, infectious diseases. This group includes arrhythmias that appear against the background of an increased content of calcium or potassium in the blood.

A special place is occupied by such condition of athletes. Usually they have a normal pulse of no more than 40 beats per minute, and here the feature of autonomic regulation plays an important role. If the reasons for the decrease in heart rate cannot be established, such bradycardia is called idiopathic.

Bradycardia in women during pregnancy is rare. On the contrary, during this period, tachycardia is most common. Therefore, a slow heartbeat requires additional diagnosis and careful monitoring by an obstetrician-gynecologist.

Symptoms

Symptoms of bradycardia can manifest themselves in different ways. Most often, patients complain of a feeling of a pause in the work of the heart, as well as weakness and shortness of breath, even with little physical activity. Blood pressure in such people is most often reduced. From time to time there may be a loss of consciousness or severe dizziness.

There is also increased fatigue, constant fatigue, although he had a good sleep all night. In the first half of the day, severe drowsiness may occur. And, of course, a rare pulse, not exceeding 50 beats per minute at rest, will be a symptom.

These signs of bradycardia can vary in intensity. In some people, they appear barely noticeable, in others they interfere with their usual way of life. Not all symptoms appear at once during the diagnosis. Some patients will only complain of weakness and drowsiness, while others will have a more pronounced clinical picture of the disease. Often the described symptoms are manifested in other diseases.

Some older people believe that a decrease in heart rate is a sign of aging, typical of older age. A moderate form within 50 beats / min may not be felt: it is detected only during diagnosis. If the figure is not more than 40 beats / min, then all symptoms begin to appear.

Heart rate less than 30 beats/min can cause pre-syncope, and then the syncope itself. Then the person needs immediate medical attention, because there is a high risk of sudden death.

Complications

What is dangerous bradycardia, a cardiologist can explain in detail. If the pulse is slightly reduced, then circulatory disorders do not occur, but with intense physical exertion, a person will develop weakness and shortness of breath.

With a pronounced form, it is possible to develop a pre-fainting state or fainting during the performance of some actions, be it running, walking up the stairs, mental experiences. This is due to an insufficient amount of oxygen entering the brain, which cannot function normally under such conditions.

Bradycardia in children causes poor school performance, persistent severe fatigue and exercise intolerance.

Diagnostics

Bradycardia is not an independent disease, therefore its diagnosis requires certain skills and knowledge of a doctor. Manifestations of bradycardia on the ECG are best seen with daily monitoring. It is important to conduct an examination together with consultations with a general practitioner, cardiologist and endocrinologist.

Ultrasound of the heart and echocardiography will be a good help for accurate diagnosis. Also, bicycle ergometry helps to find out exactly how the load affects the heart rate. Transesophageal examination of the conduction tract helps to identify the form of pathology.

Treatment

Treatment for bradycardia will depend on what exactly caused the condition. If possible, it is necessary to cancel drugs that can cause a slowdown in heart contractions. In many cases, functional and moderate forms do not require any treatment.

If the cause of the pathology cannot be eliminated, then it is necessary to resolve the issue of installing a pacemaker. Clinical recommendations for bradycardia recommend installing this device only for certain indications, however, it significantly improves the patient’s quality of life, helps to cope with constant weakness and lethargy, and restore heart rhythm.

What you need to do in case of bradycardia is to undergo regular medical examinations with a cardiologist and a therapist, measure and record heart rate at the same time every day, regularly take blood and urine tests, and if the condition worsens, immediately consult a doctor or call an ambulance.

What not to do with bradycardia is to completely ignore your condition and let everything take its course.

Prognosis and prevention

If the disease that caused the rare heart rhythm is diagnosed and treated in a timely manner, then the prognosis is almost always favorable. If the pathology is too advanced, then often the quality of a person’s life decreases so much that he cannot serve himself on his own.

Prevention of bradycardia as a symptom does not exist, since it manifests itself in a variety of diseases, many of them are associated with congenital anomalies and are not always amenable to correction.

The author of the article:

Ivanova Natalya Vladimirovna

therapist

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