Treating Hypothyroidism: Can Vitamins and Supplements Help?

For some people, managing hypothyroidism isn’t just about taking medications. They also turn to vitamins and other nutrients for help in managing the condition, which occurs when the thyroid doesn’t make enough thyroid hormone to keep the body running normally.

“Vitamins and nutrients can help fight the underlying causes of thyroid disorders, such as autoimmune processes and inflammation, and help improve a dysfunctional thyroid,” says Raphael Kellman, MD, a functional medicine physician in New York City and author of The Microbiome Diet.

However, it’s important to understand that no one should supplement with vitamins and minerals without talking to their doctor first. “You want to first know your individual levels of these vitamins and minerals, which you can find out with a blood test,” Dr. Kellman says. Results may reveal you have a nutrient deficiency that requires you to get a higher amount of a certain vitamin or supplement.

“You also want to make sure you have all the facts on the vitamins and minerals you’d like to supplement with,” says MaryAnne Metzak, RD, CDN, a registered dietitian based in New York. And it’s important to keep the lines of communication open between you and your doctor. “Your doctor needs to know exactly how much of each vitamin and supplement you’re taking in case you have a negative reaction,” Metzak says.

Here are specific nutrients that may be beneficial for hypothyroidism.

Iodine Is Needed to Make Thyroid Hormone

You need an adequate supply of iodine to make thyroid hormone. The recommended minimum iodine intake for most adults is 150 micrograms a day, according to the National Institutes of Health Office of Dietary Supplements. Good food sources include milk, cheese, poultry, eggs, kelp, and other seaweeds, Kellman says. “But you have to be careful with supplementing iodine because too much can be problematic and actually cause hypothyroidism,” he says.

It’s important to speak with your physicians before consuming any iodine supplements due to the adverse effects it can have on hypothyroidism. A review published in September 2014 study in the journal Endocrinology and Metabolism found that excessive levels of iodine are unsafe and could result in hypothyroidism and autoimmune thyroiditis such as Hashimoto’s thyroiditis.

Vitamin B Is Important for Thyroid Function

“Vitamin B is important for people with hypothyroidism because the B vitamins have many interactions with thyroid function and hormone regulation,” Metzak says. It’s best to take a nutritional supplement that includes the entire vitamin B complex, and you may need additional vitamin B12 if a blood test reveals your levels are low, she says. Good food sources of vitamin B include whole grains, legumes, nuts, milk, yogurt, meat, fish, eggs, seeds, and dark leafy greens.

Selenium Is Essential for Thyroid Hormone Metabolism

“Selenium supports efficient thyroid synthesis and metabolism,” says Denise Londergan, RD, MPH, a registered dietitian in Ohio. Selenium may also reduce levels of antibodies against thyroid peroxidase — an enzyme that plays an important role in the production of thyroid hormones — in people with hypothyroidism, according to a study published in 2018 in the journal Diagnostics. Foods that provide selenium include tuna, shrimp, salmon, sardines, scallops, lamb, chicken, beef, turkey, eggs, and shitake mushrooms. “Or you can take 100 to 200 micrograms of selenium in supplement form per day,” Kellman says.

Zinc Helps Synthesize Thyroid Hormone

In addition to selenium, zinc plays a role in the conversion of the thyroid hormone T4 to T3. Selenium and zinc are beneficial in improving thyroid function and hormone levels. According to a study in Hormones: The Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism, zinc improves T3 levels significantly. Food sources of zinc include shellfish, mollusks, meat, legumes, and nuts. The recommended daily intake of zinc is 8 to 11 milligrams for adult women and men, respectively, according to the Office of Dietary Supplements.

Tyrosine, in Combination With Iodine, Produces Thyroid Hormone

“Tyrosine is a nutrient involved in thyroid hormone production and conversion,” Kellman says. One of the best ways to get more tyrosine, an amino acid, is to make sure you’re getting enough protein, Londergan says. Aim for 10 to 35 percent of your calories from protein each day.

Vitamin D Improves TSH Levels

“Research has shown a strong association with vitamin D deficiency and people with hypothyroidism,” Metzak says. In a study published in the November 2013 issue of the International Journal of Health Sciences, researchers looked at the vitamin D levels of 30 people with hypothyroidism and 30 who didn’t have the condition and found that the vitamin D levels were significantly lower in those with hypothyroidism. A study published in 2018 in the Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism found that vitamin D supplements improved TSH levels in subjects with hypothyroidism as well as thyroid antibodies in people with autoimmune thyroiditis. You can get vitamin D from fortified milk, yogurt, and orange juice. “Food sources of vitamin D are often not adequate, however,” Kellman says. He recommends supplements for those who are vitamin D deficient. Your doctor can let you know if that’s necessary, and which dosage is best for you.

As with any chronic condition, a healthy diet can go a long way with hypothyroidism. “Eat an anti-inflammatory diet full of lots of fruits and vegetables and unprocessed foods, and limit sugar,” Londergan says.

Some Supplements Can Affect Thyroid Medication

While there are plenty of vitamins and supplements that can help people with hypothyroidism, there are also some that may interfere with thyroid hormone absorption. According to the Mayo Clinic, supplements such as calcium, iron, multivitamins containing iron, and antacids containing magnesium or aluminum can potentially have interactions with thyroid medications. They should be taken several hours before or after your thyroid medication to avoid an interaction. Talk to your doctor before taking any of these supplements.

Additional reporting by Blake Miller

Alternative Treatments for Hypothyroidism

Eating specific foods or taking supplements won’t help you control hypothyroidism. But they can make you feel better, lower your stress, and prevent disease.

Make sure you keep up with the medication your doctor prescribes. Natural treatments can’t replace the traditional ones.

Keep Up a Healthy Diet

There’s no special meal plan for managing thyroid disease. Still, a well-balanced diet can help you feel good and ward off disease.

It’s best to follow the healthy eating guide recommended by the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, says Jeffrey Mechanick, MD, of the American Thyroid Association.

The key to eating well is balance, he says. Don’t eat too much of any single type of food, even if it’s a healthy choice or something you heard may be good for thyroid disease. No specific foods are particularly good for it, he says, and eating too much of any food isn’t good for you.

Choose a wide range of fruits and vegetables. Eat colorful ones like berries and grapes, which are high in healthy antioxidants.

Limit foods with saturated fat, like red meat. Have seafood, which is high in healthy omega-3 fatty acids, at least twice a week.

Foods That Raise Questions

Some choices may affect your treatment or the way your thyroid works:

Soy and coffee: They may lower your body’s ability to use hormone medication.

You don’t have to avoid them entirely, but don’t eat or drink them close to the time when you take your medication. So if you take your pills in the morning, wait until later in the day to have soy sauce, soy milk, tofu, or coffee.

Kelp and seaweed: You may have heard you should stay away from these because they’re high in iodine, which can interfere with your thyroid.

But experts don’t agree. Alan Christianson, NMD, co-author of The Complete Idiot’s Guide to Thyroid Disease, says most seaweed, like nori, wakame, and hijiki, are safe and good for you. He does caution against kelp, which has higher levels of iodine. “With kelp, it’s hard to not get too much,” he says.

Mechanick says it’s all about moderation. “It’s OK to eat these,” he says. “Just don’t overeat them.”

Kale, broccoli, spinach: These are also high in iodine, though not so high that you need to avoid them. But go easy. Too much can make your condition worse.

Supplements

“There’s no proven role for dietary supplements in the treatment or management of true hypothyroidism,” Mechanick says. So if you’ve heard that a certain one may help you, it’s probably not true.

Supplements may also mess with your treatment and can be harmful. Iodine supplements, for example, can cause your thyroid to make too much or too little hormone. Too much of a healthy vitamin isn’t good for you. Fiber supplements can absorb medication and keep the full dose from working in your body. Herbs may interfere with your medication and may not be safe or effective.

Don’t take supplements without talking to your doctor.

Complementary Treatments

Some may lower stress and help you relax. They can’t replace conventional treatment, though. So use these in addition to your regular treatment, not instead of it.

Acupuncture: It may improve your symptoms. It can also help your body respond to your regular treatment. Plus, it’s good for your immune system, Christianson says.

Yoga:It’s good for relaxation, Mechanick says. It hasn’t been scientifically proven, but it could also improve blood flow to your thyroid gland.

Meditation: This may also relax you. There’s no risk as long as you continue with your regular hypothyroidism treatment.

Stay away from “natural” thyroid products. The FDA doesn’t regulate them. What’s more, dosing is not consistent.

Talk to your doctor about any treatment you’re considering before you start it.

How To Cure Hypothyroidism Permanently

Around 15 million Americans have hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid). However, up to 60% of those with a thyroid disorder are completely unaware of it.

Hypothyroidism symptoms include weight gain, memory loss, high blood pressure, and heart disease. Many doctors insist “permanent” hypothyroidism is incurable.

At Prime Health Denver, we’ve worked with patients to learn how to cure hypothyroidism permanently — and naturally! When patients seek our help, we tailor an individual treatment plan that is both undisruptive to your body’s natural processes and unique to your individual needs.

Our Approach to Natural Thyroid Treatment

Many doctors begin hypothyroidism treatment with a check for low thyroid stimulating hormone levels. (TSH is produced by the pituitary gland.) However, during our work with patients, we’ve found that doesn’t give us a full picture of your thyroid.

When a patient comes to us with symptoms of hypothyroidism, the first thing we look for is Hashimoto’s disease. Hashimoto’s disease is an autoimmune condition that accounts for 90% of hypothyroidism cases.

Causes of Hashimoto’s are varied, but we administer blood tests, urine tests, and/or elimination diets to understand your unique diagnosis. Our experience has taught us that treating the root causes of Hashimoto’s is how to cure hypothyroidism permanently — it also means each patient gets a tailored treatment plan, and all treatments don’t work for all people. 

When identifying the cause of Hashimoto’s disease, we look at the following six risk factors:

1. Hormone imbalance — If your hormone levels are imbalanced (not only thyroid hormone levels), this can trigger an underactive thyroid.
2. Food sensitivity — Food allergens can cause a hormone imbalance or even hypothyroidism. Celiac disease (an allergy to gluten) has been linked with increased risk of autoimmune disease, such as Hashimoto’s. Other food sensitivities may be less obvious but may be just as significant. 
3. Leaky gut — When your intestines are chronically inflamed, the tight junctions in your intestines may let toxins escape from the gut and into the bloodstream. Leaky gut is both a cause and a symptom of hypothyroidism, and it’s closely associated with the other five root causes of hypothyroidism. To heal your gut with the help of a PrimeHealth expert, join our online Prime Gut Health course. 
4. Infections — Tick-borne infections (such as Lyme disease) and viral infections (such as Epstein-Barr) may lead to an underactive thyroid.
5. Nutrient deficiency — Nutrient deficiencies may trigger hypothyroidism and other health issues. Simple dietary changes can treat this condition. The most common nutrient deficiency that leads to hypothyroidism is iodine.
6. Toxin exposure — Harmful toxins can wreak havoc on your thyroid. Watch out for heavy metal exposure, mold toxins, as well as exposure to chemicals like pesticides and other industrial chemicals. Daily workplace exposure to toxins is a cause of hypothyroidism.

Other causes include thyroid cancer, hormone replacement therapy or birth control pills, and overtreatment of hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid).

3 Natural Remedies for Hypothyroidism

To cure hypothyroidism permanently, we start with diagnostic tests and assessments that point us to the root causes that apply to each individual patient.

By addressing the underlying causes of Hashimoto’s disease (which accounts for 90% of hypothyroidism cases), we are almost always able to reverse these thyroid issues.

The treatment options we suggest for most people dealing with hypothyroidism are not very difficult changes. The diet can be strict, and the supplements may cost money, but these natural remedies are non-invasive and have none of the side effects that thyroid medication have.

1. Hypothyroidism Diet

In patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, the immune system condition responsible for most hypothyroidism cases, our first approach is to start patients on an autoimmune Paleo diet (also known as AIP diet). For reference, the Whole30 diet is a very close approximation to AIP.

Typically, this restrictive diet is only recommended for one to six months — as we identify each patient’s unique allergies and sensitivities.

Our diets are vital to thyroid health — as well as general health. That’s why we pair all our patients with a health coach so you can work together on dietary recommendations that we utilize as part of thyroid treatment. 

Foods To Avoid:

• Dairy
• Grains
• Nuts and seeds
• Dried fruits
• All nightshade vegetables:
  • Tomatoes
  • Eggplants
  • Potatoes
  • Peppers
• Vegetable oils like canola oil
• Beans/legumes (because of the potential allergen lectin)
• Chocolate
• Sugar
• Alternative sweeteners:
  • Stevia
  • Sucralose
  • Aspartame
  • Sugar alcohols (erythritol, xylitol, mannitol, sorbitol)
• Coffee
• Alcohol
• Processed foods

Foods to Eat:

• Proteins:
• Non-dairy fermented foods:
  • Apple cider vinegar
  • Kombucha
• Non-nightshade vegetables
• Cruciferous vegetables (like kale and brussels sprouts) are great as long as you aren’t at risk of iodine deficiency.
• Herbs like garlic and turmeric
• Gelatin, bone broth
• Green tea
• Arrowroot starch
• Small amounts of honey, maple syrup, fruits, and monkfruit

2. Best Natural Supplements for Hypothyroidism

Dietary supplements can be a useful tool in how to cure hypothyroidism permanently and treat the underlying causes of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis.

For example, if your Hashimoto’s disease is caused by leaky gut, a supplement that promotes gut health should alleviate thyroid disease.

Always seek medical advice before starting a new dietary supplement for hypothyroidism treatment. Each supplement on this list is appropriate in specific types of cases, based on root cause.

Here are the 7 best natural supplements for hypothyroidism:

Iodine

Found primarily in seafood, iodine is a mineral nutrient that our bodies need to produce thyroid hormones. Our bodies don’t make iodine naturally.

Iodine deficiency is the most common cause of goiters, a thyroid disorder. If your iodine levels are low, replenish them quickly — either with dietary changes or iodine supplements.

According to scientific research, iodine seems to be paramount in treating and even preventing autoimmune diseases, like Hashimoto’s thyroiditis.

It is important to note that excessive iodine supplementation can also be detrimental and actually increase antibodies to the thyroid gland. It’s best not to exceed the recommended daily intake of 150 mcg per day.

Probiotics

Probiotics are “good” bacteria. Antibiotic medications can wipe out the good and bad bacteria that live in your gut — leading to leaky gut. It’s important to replenish these good bacteria with probiotics and restore your gut health.

Recent research shows that probiotics reverse leaky gut by supporting the tight junction proteins that act as a barrier between your gut and your bloodstream.

Selenium

Selenium is an important nutrient found in muscle meats, fish, and eggs. It can also be found in supplement form.

In a 2010 meta-analysis, researchers found that selenium, when added to a conventional treatment of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, improved biomarkers of thyroid condition.

Selenium also seemed to improve mood and general well-being.

Vitamin D

First discovered in 1913, vitamin D is naturally found in very few foods. We produce vitamin D most efficiently from exposure to sunlight. It is also available in dietary supplement form.

A 2018 study revealed that vitamin D is essential to thyroid function — and vice-versa. Vitamin D deficiency can lead to Hashimoto’s disease and hypothyroidism.

Vitamin D is also technically a hormone produced and secreted by the kidneys — the only vitamin with that distinction.

To purchase third-party tested, medical grade Vitamin D, please look below or check out our online store. Our Prime D+K combines highly bio-available vitamin D with Vitamin K, which ensures calcium is deposited into bones rather than accumulating in arteries, and promotes the absorption of dietary calcium. 

Chasteberry

Chasteberry is commonly used to treat female hormone imbalances, such as PMS symptoms, menopause symptoms, and sometimes even infertility.

With a few uncommon side effects like dry mouth, chasteberry is a well tolerated method of balancing female hormones, which may, in turn, treat Hashimoto’s.

Glutathione

Glutathione is the most abundant antioxidant naturally found in our bodies. However, low levels of glutathione can occur due to stress, poor diet, or exposure to environmental toxins.

Oxidative stress (free radicals damaging your cells) can increase the severity of hypothyroidism. Antioxidants like glutathione fight this oxidative stress.

Curcumin

Curcumin is the bioactive ingredient in turmeric — a common spice. It comes with its own host of health benefits, including prevention of autoimmune diseases.

Like glutathione, curcumin is an antioxidant. Curcumin is also anti-inflammatory and may be able to fight Hashimoto’s disease.

3. Stress and Hypothyroidism

Stress is a major factor in disrupting normal thyroid function. Relieving stress in your everyday life can lead to a stronger balance in your hormone levels and can potentially reverse hypothyroidism.

Meditation is one easy way to alleviate stress and lessen symptoms of hypothyroidism.

A full eight hours of sleep is important to handling stress, as is sleep quality.

To get better sleep, try cutting out blue light exposure an hour before bedtime. Blue light is emitted from most electronic devices, like your TV and phone. To receive a 10% discount off our favorite blue light blocking glasses by Ra Optics, enter code “PRIMEHEALTH” at checkout. 

Not only should you sleep, you should relax. Yoga or taking up a hobby are two common methods of relaxing, therefore relieving stress.

Being outside, especially in primarily green locations, can also lower levels of stress.

Peptide Therapy

An exciting new area of medicine is peptide therapy. Peptide therapy is a safe method of targeting certain health issues in your body.

Peptides are just proteins, except they have much shorter molecular chain length.

The use of peptides has gained popularity as a treatment for hypothyroidism recently. Certain peptides seem to treat inflammation, Lyme disease, and autoimmune dysfunction — all root causes of hypothyroidism.

The best part? Peptide therapy doesn’t come with the side effects associated with non-specific immune suppression.

Medication for Hypothyroidism

Medications are used to treat hypothyroidism only when absolutely necessary, and as a last resort after addressing root causes.

Not only are standard thyroid medications associated with concerning side effects, they don’t often address the root cause and may lead to a lifetime of drug therapy to manage a condition that could have been reversed permanently.

An endocrinologist may prescribe drugs like levothyroxine (Synthroid), a synthetic version of thyroxine (T4) that is converted into triiodothyronine (T3) in the body, for thyroid hormone replacement.

For some patients, medication may be helpful during treatment if administered properly. The great thing about medication with a functional approach is that you don’t have to use only Synthroid.

Instead, we may prescribe patients one of two other options: either a dessicated thyroid medication in a ratio of 4:1 T4 to T3 like Armour thyroid or Nature Throid, or a compounded synthetic combination of T4/T3 that can be made in a personalized ratio made just for you.

These offer thyroid hormones to the body in a more natural ratio of what the body is meant to produce. Compounded synthetics may sound concerning, but they actually carry the lowest risk of autoimmune reactions of all available options.

In Summary

• Hypothyroidism refers to an underactive thyroid gland. This can lead to all sorts of unwanted symptoms, like chronic fatigue, memory loss, and higher risk of heart disease.
• It is possible to cure hypothyroidism permanently for many of those suffering from Hashimoto’s, which causes 90% of hypothyroidism cases.
• In order to reverse hypothyroidism, we look at the symptoms and root causes of Hashimoto’s disease:
  • Hormone imbalance
  • Food sensitivity
  • Leaky gut
  • Infections
  • Nutritional deficiencies
  • Toxins
• There are plenty of ways to naturally treat hypothyroidism:
  • Remove all potential food allergens from your diet. Then slowly add them back in one by one, to identify if you have an allergy that is triggering thyroid problems. 
  • Supplements like iodine, probiotics, and curcumin can do wonders for your thyroid.
  • Reduce daily stress.
  • Get enough sleep.

Sources

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Freed, D. L. (1999). Do dietary lectins cause disease?: The evidence is suggestive—and raises interesting possibilities for treatment. Full text: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1115436/

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6 Essential Supplements for Your Thyroid and Hashimoto’s

While western medicine has a time and a place, and to be sure I’m grateful to be an M.D. who can prescribe pharmaceuticals when needed, too often it is assumed that they are the only solution. When it comes to Hashimoto’s and hypothyroidism, the right dose of the right medication can make a world of difference in how a woman feels! But the thing with these medications is that while they provide a missing element – thyroid hormones – they don’t actually do anything to nourish, heal, or boost the thyroid’s health. That’s where thyroid supplements come in.

The thyroid gland requires specific vitamins and minerals to function at its best. What’s more, the right supplements can make a world of difference in the health of your thyroid tissue.

The Right Thyroid Supplements Can Make a Huge Difference

It is possible for many people to improve thyroid hormone levels and lower thyroid antibodies without medication – or to augment levels even if you are on medication. I personally have seen patients’ antibodies go from well over a 1000 down to as low as the 40s – close to normal – and the need for medication doses be significantly reduced.  However, there’s definitely a time and place for thyroid medication, which I also sometimes prescribe in my medical practice. Research suggests that certain supplements – nutrients and herbs – can reduce thyroid antibodies, improve free T3 and free T4 levels (thyroid hormone) levels, and stabilize TSH – all markers that thyroid health is improving. If these labs look like a foreign language to you, click here.

Whether you have Hashimoto’s, non-autoimmune hypothyroidism or are on the cusp of possibly needing medication but not absolutely requiring and want to help your thyroid before you cross that line, that’s where a few well-selected herbs and nutritional supplements can make a major contribution, and it’s precisely why I use them in my medical practice. The ‘new medicine for women’ is integrative – bringing together the best of conventional and traditional approaches And that’s what I bring to you in this article.

The Thyroid Supplement “Starter Plan”

These 6 supplements can help to improve the health and functioning of your thyroid. These can be taken alone or in combination with each other. They can also be used in conjunction with thyroid medication for hypothyroidism or Hashimoto’s, but it’s important to work closely with your medical provider because if your thyroid health starts to improve, you could actually end up needing less medication – a good thing – but you want to check so you’re not overmedicating

My usual ‘starter’ go-to combination consists of selenium, myoinositol, and ashwagandha (which is generally very well tolerated even by those who avoid nightshades). In my practice, I always check a vitamin D level in my patients, and if that is not optimal (a blood level of between 50 – 80) I add vitamin D to the ‘starter  plan.’ 

I generally recommend trying this starter plan for at least 3 months, or as long as six months, and then staying on your supplements until thyroid health is solidly improved. You can, at any time, add in the other supplements below to get an even bigger impact, but often, simpler works just fine.

Top 6 Supplements for Thyroid Health

In some cases, especially in pregnant women and new moms, or anyone with major lab abnormalities or significant thyroid symptoms, thyroid hormones medication is still necessary – and that’s not a failure. Meanwhile, all women with thyroid problems (whether they take thyroid medication or not) can work to heal Root Causes – and support your thyroid wellness, with natural strategies and supplements.

In the descriptions below I mention whether each supplement is safe while pregnant and breastfeeding.

Vitamin D3

Studies show that vitamin D levels tend to be lower in people with hypothyroidism. Because the body needs vitamin D to produce and use thyroid hormones, and because vitamin D is an important immune modulator that’s involved in hundreds of health-sustaining functions in the body – including bone health, modd, blood sugar regulation, and energy – it’s important to have optimal blood levels of between 50-80 ng/mL. In some cases, vitamin D is the missing link when a woman is already on supplemental thyroid hormones, but her dose needs to keep changing or she’s not seeing results.  Before starting vitamin D as a thyroid supplement it’s optimal to have your levels tested, but if for some reason you’re unable to, a standard dose of 2000 units/day is appropriate for most adults.

Dose: Vitamin D3 2,000–4,000 IU/day, depending on your serum levels; ideally, recheck blood levels six weeks after starting supplementation  to determine whether you are on your personally optimal dose. Safe during pregnancy and breastfeeding.

Selenium

The body turns the mineral selenium into the powerful antioxidant glutathione, which protects the thyroid from inflammation and oxidative stress. Several studies have shown that supplementing with selenium can reduce TPO antibodies.

Selenium is also critical in the conversion of T4 (the inactive form of thyroid hormone) to T3 (the active form) and it has been shown to decrease the risk of developing postpartum thyroiditis in women who are positive for TPO antibodies before or during pregnancy. It can be started during pregnancy and continued into the postpartum period to reduce risk.

Food sources of selenium are a great option, though they don’t replace supplementation. Brazil nuts, mushrooms, lamb, turkey, chicken, eggs, cod, and halibut are all selenium-rich. A note of caution: selenium can worsen thyroid function if you’re also experiencing iodine deficiency. Make sure you know your iodine status before starting selenium.

Dose: 200 mcg/day (do not exceed that amount), which is safe during pregnancy and while breastfeeding

Inositol

Recent research has discovered that the combination of selenium (200 mcg/day) and myoinositol is even more powerful at reducing anti-thyroid autoantibodies – both anti-TPO and anti-Tg antibodies – and also helping to improve thyroid function and TSH levels – than selenium alone. In one major study, six months of treatment was needed to begin to see maximum benefits. In this study, participants also reported improvements in their quality of life—one thyroid supplement success! Another study of 168 individuals with Hashimoto’s, all with TSH between 3 and 6 µIU/ml, found that participants who received myoinositol and selenium together (over those who took only selenium) saw significant decreases in TSH, TPOAb and TgAb levels, as well as in enhanced thyroid hormones and personal wellbeing.

Dose: 600 mg/day; safe in pregnancy and breastfeeding. I recommend staying on the combination at least until thyroid autoantibodies are normalized; indefinitely if needed.

Ashwagandha

In animal studies, this Ayurvedic herb has been shown to increase circulating T4 levels with no influence on T3. Other studies have shown that both hormones (T3 and T4) increased under the same protocol. Research also suggests that ashwagandha may have benefits for the liver. And since that’s where T4 to T3 conversion largely happens, perhaps explains some of the benefits.

Dose: The lowest effective dose for acute usage of ashwagandha, and perhaps the most cost-effective dose, is 300-500 mg. The optimal dose is 6,000 mg a day usually divided into three doses (2,000 mg each). Ashwagandha is safe while breastfeeding, but not safe in pregnancy.

Zinc

Zinc is involved in the conversion of T4 to T3. It’s an important nutrient if you appear to have problems with thyroid-hormone conversion. In one study, participants who took zinc sulphate for 12 months had T3 levels come into the normal range. They also had decreases in reverse T3, and had better communication between the hypothalamus and the thyroid (the hypothalamus releases thyrotropin-releasing hormone which tells the thyroid to release TSH). Furthermore, research has connected zinc deficiency with decreased thyroid hormone levels and a lower resting metabolic rate.

Dose: 30 mg/day (take with meals to prevent nausea). Zinc is safe when pregnant and breastfeeding.

Guggul

Like ashwagandha, guggul is an Ayurvedic herb that has been shown to improve T3 and T4 levels. Animal research suggests that guggul improves iodine uptake and metabolic activity of the thyroid gland.

Dose: 750 mg/day. Safe while breastfeeding, but not in pregnancy.  Discontinue when thyroid levels normalize.

Always Address the Root Causes

While these supplements can help, a truly holistic, integrative plan of healing the root causes of thyroid problems is always a wise plan. For more on the Root Causes of Hashimoto’s, and how to heal them, get my book The Adrenal Thyroid Revolution. It’s got the steps you’ll want to take to take back your health!

Maxwell C, Volpe SL. Effect of zinc supplementation on thyroid hormone function. A case study of two college females. Ann Nutr Metab 2007;51(2):188‑94.

Nishiyama S, et al. Zinc supplementation alters thyroid hormone metabolism in disabled patients with zinc deficiency. J Am Coll Nutr. 1994 Feb;13(1):62-7.

Nordio, M. et al. Treatment With Myo-Inositol and Selenium Ensures Euthyroidism in Patients With Autoimmune Thyroiditis. Int J Endocrinol 2017, 2549491. 2017

Nordio, M and P. Raffaella. Combined Treatment with Myo-Inositol and Selenium Ensures Euthyroidism in Subclinical Hypothyroidism Patients with Autoimmune Thyroiditis. Journal of Thyroid Research.Volume 2013 (2013), Article ID 424163, 5 pages

Panda S, Kar A. Changes in thyroid hormone concentrations after administration of ashwagandha root extract to adult male mice. J Pharm Pharmacol. (1998)

Panda S, Kar A. Withania somnifera and Bauhinia purpurea in the regulation of circulating thyroid hormone concentrations in female mice. J Ethnopharmacol. (1999)

Tripathi YB, et al. Thyroid stimulatory action of (Z)-guggulsterone: mechanism of action. Planta Med. (1988)

Thyroid Disorders & Remedies | Nature’s Best

According to the British Thyroid Foundation, thyroid disorders affect one in 20 people in the UK (i). But what is the thyroid gland and what is its function?

Your thyroid is a butterfly-shaped gland found in your neck, just above the sternum (breast bone) and below your Adam’s apple. It has two lobes – the right and left – that are located on each side of your windpipe and joined together by the isthmus, a small bridge-like section of thyroid tissue.

What does it do?

Your thyroid is an endocrine gland, which means it belongs to your body’s endocrine system. Glands of the endocrine system are important because they release hormones, with other endocrine glands including the adrenal glands, the pancreas, the pituitary gland, the ovaries, the testes and the hypothalamus. The hormones your thyroid secretes into your blood are thyroxine and triiodothyronine. These hormones are also called T4 and T3 respectively, as thyroxine contains four atoms of iodine while triiodothyronine contains three. Once released, T4 is converted in the body to T3, which is essential for the normal working – or metabolism – of all your cells and tissues. The British Thyroid Foundation describes this function as regulating the speed with which your body cells work (i).

The thyroid is controlled by the pituitary gland – a small gland found in your head, beneath your brain. This regulates the amount of T4 and T3 your thyroid gland secretes, so it’s responsible for making sure your thyroid produces just the right amount of hormones your body needs. When your thyroid starts to produce too little T3 and T4, the pituitary gland releases a hormone to make your thyroid work harder, called thyroid stimulating hormone. If your thyroid produces too much T3 and T4, the pituitary gland stops releasing thyroid stimulating hormone, which allows your thyroid to slow down.

When something happens to disrupt the normal working of the thyroid – and there are many different things that can cause this – the result can be one of several disorders that may trigger a range of symptoms.

Types of thyroid disorders

The most common types of thyroid disorders are hypothyroidism (or underactive thyroid) and hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid):

Underactive thyroid

While this affects both sexes, it’s more common in women than in men (according to Patient, one to two people in every 100 in the UK have hypothyroidism, with the condition affecting 10 times more women than men (ii) ). It happens when your thyroid doesn’t produce enough of the hormone thyroxine (T4), with most cases caused by the immune system attacking and damaging the thyroid (autoimmune thyroiditis). Having a lack of iodine in your diet can also cause an underactive thyroid, as iodine is needed by the body to make T4 – though iodine deficiency is rare in the UK.

If you have an underactive thyroid, you may experience symptoms such as fatigue, sensitivity to the cold, constipation, depression, weight gain, muscle aches and pains, dry skin, brittle hair and nails, carpal tunnel syndrome and a low sex drive. Some people may not have any obvious symptoms, or their symptoms develop so slowly they don’t notice them.   If left untreated, you may have a higher risk of developing cardiovascular disease, as having an underactive thyroid can increase your cholesterol levels. During pregnancy, an underactive thyroid can increase your risk of several conditions including pre-eclampsia, anaemia and problems that affect your baby. Learn more about common pregnancy health concerns in our helpful guide.

Overactive thyroid

If, on the other hand, your thyroid produces too much T4 or the other thyroid hormone triiodothyronine (T3), your thyroid is said to be overactive. Again, women are affected more than men, with one in 50 women in the UK estimated to have an overactive thyroid (10 times the number of men) (iii).

Several conditions can lead to an overactive thyroid, the most common of which is Graves’ disease. This autoimmune condition attacks the thyroid gland, leading to an overproduction of hormones. Graves’ disease can run in families and is more likely it you smoke. About half of people with Graves’ disease also develop thyroid eye disease (TED), where inflammation in the eye muscles and in the tissues behind the eyes pushes the eyes forward, making them look more prominent (iii).

The most common symptoms of an overactive thyroid include hyperactivity, insomnia, mood swings, unexplained weight loss, muscle weakness, increased sensitivity to heat, infertility, fatigue and a low sex drive. You may also have a fast heart rate, hair loss (alopecia), twitching in your face and limbs, and your skin may feel warm and moist.

Other thyroid disorders include thyroiditis, which is inflammation of the thyroid gland. There are several types of thyroiditis, with some including viral or sub-acute thyroiditis and postpartum thyroiditis being temporary conditions. Autoimmune thyroiditis, meanwhile, may lead to permanent thyroid damage. All types cause either high or low levels of thyroid hormones. Thyroid cancer is rare and has a high cure rate, with symptoms including a lump in the neck, difficulty swallowing and a hoarse voice.

Treatments for thyroid disorders

If you have a diagnosis of an underactive or overactive thyroid, there are treatments that can restore a normal level of thyroid hormones in your body:

Treating an underactive thyroid

Hypothyroidism is usually treated with a daily tablet called levothyroxine that’s prescribed for you by your GP. This is a synthetic form of the thyroxine (T4) that your thyroid gland produces naturally, and it simply replaces the amount of T4 your thyroid gland isn’t making. The trick with levothyroxine is to find the right amount that you need, and you may find you’ll have to try different doses before you start to feel better. For instance, you may start on a low dose, but it may be gradually increased if blood tests show your thyroid hormone levels are still less than normal. It’s important to get the dosage right, because taking too much levothyroxine can cause side effects such as a rapid heart rate, chest pain, headaches, diarrhoea, vomiting and sweating.

Treating an overactive thyroid

If you have hyperthyroidism, a hospital specialist called an endocrinologist will usually supervise your treatment, rather than your GP. There are three treatments widely used for overactive thyroid:

• Thionamides – are medicines that prevent your thyroid gland from making too much T4 or T3 (the other hormone your thyroid gland secrets, called triiodothyronine). These may take a while to work, so you may not notice any improvement in your symptoms for several weeks. Side effects are common, including a skin rash and joint pain, but these usually pass as your body gets used to the treatment.

• Beta-blockers – may help when you first start taking thionamides as they can relieve some of the symptoms of hyperthyroidism before the thionamides take effect. These medicines are often prescribed for heart problems such as high blood pressure, angina and heart failure.

• Radioiodine treatment – either in the form of a capsule or a drink – may be recommended to shrink your thyroid gland. However, it’s not suitable if you are pregnant or if you have thyroid eye disease (TED). Unlike thionamides, which you usually have to take for a long period of time, radioiodine treatment is usually given in one or two doses. However, there is a chance your thyroid will become underactive as a result of radioiodine treatment

• Surgery – is also an option in cases where your thyroid gland is severely swollen (causing a lump in your neck called a goitre), if your symptoms return after taking a course of thionamides, or if you cannot have radioiodone treatment. Part or all of your thyroid gland may be removed, which means you’ll need to take levothyroxine to replace your thyroid hormones on a permanent basis.

Diet and your thyroid

Many nutrition experts believe certain foods, as part of a balanced diet, may help support your thyroid and keep it healthy. Here’s a quick rundown of what you should be eating – as well as what you should avoid if you already have a thyroid disorder:

Iodine is arguably the most important mineral for your thyroid gland, so keep yours healthy by eating fish, seafood and seaweed, all of which are good sources. If, however, you have a thyroid disorder, it’s advisable to avoid eating excessive amounts of iodine-rich foods.

Nuts

Brazil nuts and other nuts contain selenium, a mineral that’s essential for healthy thyroid function. It’s thought to help regulate thyroid hormone production and support the conversion of the thyroid hormone thyroxine (T4) into the biologically active thyroid hormone triiodothyronine (T3). Other foods that contain selenium include seeds, oysters, tuna, pork, beef, onions, and garlic.

Dairy foods

If you take medication for an underactive thyroid, avoid eating foods rich in calcium – such as milk, cheese and yoghurt – at the same time as you take your levothyroxine tablet. Calcium interferes with the absorption of levothyroxine, and the British Thyroid Foundation recommends leaving a gap of four hours between taking levothyroxine and eating foods or taking supplements that contain calcium (iv). Iron supplements may also prevent your body from absorbing levothyroxine, so leave a gap of two hours between the two (remember some multivitamin and mineral supplements also contain iron) (iv).

Soya foods

Like foods that contain calcium, soya foods such as tofu, soya milk and soya beans also affect the absorption of levothyroxine, so leave as much time as possible between taking your levothyroxine and eating foods containing soya (the British Thyroid Foundation recommends avoiding soya altogether) (iv).

Cruciferous vegetables

Members of the brassica plant family – including cabbage, cauliflower, broccoli, kale and Brussel sprouts – contain substances called goitrogens that affect the thyroid gland and interfere with its ability to release thyroid hormones. This explains why people with thyroid disorders are often advised to avoid eating such foods. However, experts believe that you’d have to eat quite a lot of them before they’d start to cause any real problems (v).

Natural remedies to support your thyroid

As well as having a healthy balanced diet, there are some nutritional supplements you could take to support your thyroid gland, including the following:

Selenium

Studies suggest that taking a selenium supplement may offer benefits to people who have an underactive thyroid. One review of studies into selenium and thyroid disease has found that selenium supplements may be beneficial for people with autoimmune thyroiditis as well as TED, and that maintaining selenium levels is important to prevent thyroid disease (v). Another has found those who take selenium have lower blood levels of antibodies that attack the thyroid (vi). The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) has also upheld the claim that selenium contributes to normal thyroid function (vii).

 

Multivitamin and mineral

A general multivitamin and mineral supplement may help support your overall health if you have an overactive or underactive thyroid, as nutrients that are important for thyroid health include vitamins C, E and B complex. Most B vitamins, as well as magnesium, are also essential for energy, which may help if you experience fatigue as a result of having an underactive or overactive thyroid.

However, if you have an underactive thyroid and are thinking of taking a multivitamin and mineral supplement that contains iron and/or calcium, don’t take it at the same time as your levothyroxine tablet (the treatment for hypothyroidism). Leave at gap of at least a few hours between taking the two, as calcium and iron can affect your body’s ability to absorb levothyroxine.

Kelp

If you are iodine deficient, iodine-containing supplements such as kelp may help, and the EFSA backs claims that iodine contributes to normal thyroid function (viii). According to the British Dietetic Association, if you don’t eat enough iodine-rich foods a supplement may be helpful – though according to the NHS iodine deficiency isn’t common in the UK (ix). If you have a thyroid condition, however, or if you’re taking any other medication, speak to your GP before taking additional iodine.

 

Green tea/coffee

One of the common symptoms of an underactive thyroid is weight gain. Supplements that may help to control weight and help with weight loss include those that contain green tea and green coffee extract. There is some evidence that green tea extract may help with weigh reduction (x), while green coffee extract also shows promise as a weight-loss aid (xi), arguably because it contains a substance called chlorogenic acid (xii).

Glucomannan

A form of water-soluble fibre made from the root of the konjac plant, glucomannan may also help with weight loss (xiii). It’s thought to work by expanding in the stomach and helping you to feel full. Very low-calorie foods made from glucomannan, including ‘skinny’ noodles and pasta, are also becoming popular.

Conjugated linoleic acid

CLA is a mixture of different chemical forms (or isomers) of linoleic acid – an essential fatty acid. It too may be helpful for those who have gained weight as a result of a thyroid disorder, as there’s evidence that it may help to reduce body fat levels (xiv).

Fish oils

Depression is one of the symptoms of an underactive thyroid, but taking a fish oil supplement be useful. There is evidence to suggest that the omega-3 fatty acids found in fish oils may be more effective in treating depression than a placebo (xv). You may also want to consider taking a supplement containing 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP). This non-essential amino acid has been shown to be as effective as some standard antidepressants (xvi).

If you’re a vegetarian or vegan you can still benefit from an omega-3 supplement, thanks to the availability of products that contain the natural triglyceride (TG) form of omega-3, which is sourced from plant organisms called microalgae rather than fish.

If you think you have the symptoms of a thyroid disorder, there’s no need to worry. Simple tests can be carried out and you can be referred to a specialist by your GP. For more articles on other common health conditions, simply visit our health library.

References:

1. Available online: https://www.btf-thyroid.org/what-is-thyroid-disorder

2. Available online: https://patient.info/hormones/thyroid-and-parathyroid-glands/underactive-thyroid-gland-hypothyroidism

3. Available online: https://patient.info/hormones/overactive-thyroid-gland-hyperthyroidism

4. Available online: https://www.btf-thyroid.org/thyroid-and-diet-factsheet

5. Ventura. M, Melo. M, Carrilho. F. Selenium and Thyroid Disease: From Pathophysiology to Treatment. Int J Endocrinol. 2017;2017: 1297658..Available online: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5307254/

6. Toulis. KA, Anastasilakis. AD, Tzellos. TG, Goulis. DG, Kouvelas. D. Selenium supplementation in the treatment of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis: a systematic review and a meta-analysis. Thyroid. 2010 ;20(10):1163-1173.

7. Available online: https://efsa.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.2903/j.efsa.2010.1727

8. Available online: https://efsa.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.2903/j.efsa.2014.3516

9. Available online: https://www.bda.uk.com/foodfacts/Iodine.pdf

10. Auvichayapat. P, Prapochanung. M, Tunkamnerdthai. O. Effectiveness of green tea on weight reduction in obese Thais: A randomized, controlled trial. Physiol Behav. 2007 Oct 18.

11. Chandra. RK, Trace element regulation of immunity and infection. J Am Coll Nutr. 1985;4:5-16.

12. Shimoda. H, Seki. E, Aitani. M. Inhibitory effect of green coffee bean extract on fat accumulation and body weight gain in mice. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2006;6:9.

13. Arion. WJ, Canfield.  WK, Ramos. FC, et al. Chlorogenic acid and hydroxynitrobenzaldehyde: new inhibitors of hepatic glucose 6-phosphatase. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1997;339:315–322.

14. Walsh. DE, Yaghoubian. V, Behforooz. A. Effect of glucomannan on obese patients: a clinical study. Int J Obes. 1984;8:289-293.

15. Whigham. LD, Watras. AC, Schoeller. DA. Efficacy of conjugated linoleic acid for reducing fat mass: a meta-analysis in humans. J Am J Clin Nutr. 2007;85:1203-1211.

16. den Hartigh LJ. et al., Conjugated LInoleic Acid Effects on Cancer, Obesity and Atherosclerosis: A Review of Pre-Clinical and Human Trials with Current Perspectives. Nutrients. 2019 Feb 11;11(2):pii E370. Available online: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30754681

17. Rondanelli. M, Giacosa. A, et al. Effect of omega-3 fatty acids supplementation on depressive symptoms and on health-related quality of life in the treatment of elderly women with depression: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial. . J Am Coll Nutr. 2010 Feb;29(1):55-64.

18. Hallahan B. et al., Efficacy of omega-3 highly unsaturated acids in the treatment of depression. Br J Psychiatry. 2016 Sep;209(3): 192-201. Available online: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27103682

19. Byerley. WF, Judd. LL, Reimherr. FW, et al. 5-hydroxytryptophan: a review of its antidepressant efficacy and adverse effects. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 1987;7:127-137. Poldinger. D, Calanchini. B, Schwarz. W. A functional-dimensional approach to depression: Serotonin deficiency as a target syndrome in a comparison of 5-hydroxytryptophan and fluvoxamine. Psychopathology. 1991;24:53-81.

Related Posts

Disclaimer: The information presented by Nature’s Best is for informational purposes only. It is based on scientific studies (human, animal, or in vitro), clinical experience, or traditional usage as cited in each article. The results reported may not necessarily occur in all individuals. Self-treatment is not recommended for life-threatening conditions that require medical treatment under a doctor’s care. For many of the conditions discussed, treatment with prescription or over the counter medication is also available. Consult your doctor, practitioner, and/or pharmacist for any health problem and before using any supplements or before making any changes in prescribed medications.

 

Christine

Christine Morgan has been a freelance health and wellbeing journalist for almost 20 years, having written for numerous publications including the Daily Mirror, S Magazine, Top Sante, Healthy, Woman & Home, Zest, Allergy, Healthy Times and Pregnancy & Birth; she has also edited several titles such as Women’ Health, Shine’s Real Health & Beauty and All About Health.

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Desiccated thyroid extract vs Levothyroxine in the treatment of hypothyroidism

CLINICAL THYROIDOLOGY FOR PATIENTS
A publication of the American Thyroid Association

Summaries for Patients from Clinical Thyroidology (from recent articles in Clinical Thyroidology)
Table of Contents | PDF File for Saving and Printing

HYPOTHYROIDISM
Desiccated thyroid extract vs Levothyroxine in the treatment of hypothyroidism

BACKGROUND
Hypothyroidism, or an underactive thyroid gland, is a common endocrine problem and requires lifelong treatment with thyroid hormone pills. Untreated hypothyroidism is associated with a wide variety of symptoms, many of which are nonspecific. In particular, memory problems and depression (psychometric problems) as well as weight gain are very common symptoms in hypothyroidism but also have multiple other nonthyroidal causes as well. Levothyroxine is the main thyroid hormone produced by the thyroid gland and the synthetic form is the most common form of thyroid hormone replacement therapy. Prior to the availability of the pure levothyroxine, desiccated animal thyroid extract was the only treatment for hypothyroidism. Today, some individuals prefer dessicated thyroid extract as a more “natural” thyroid hormone. In addition, some patients who continue to have symptoms of hypothyroidism when taking levothyroxine report improvement in these symptoms when switched to desiccated thyroid extract. This study was performed to compare levothyroxine to desiccated thyroid extract in terms of thyroid blood tests, changes in weight, psychometric test results and patient preference.

THE FULL ARTICLE TITLE:
Hoang TD et al Desiccated thyroid extract compared with levothyroxine in the treatment of hypothyroidism: A randomized, double-blind, crossover study. J Clin Endo- crinol Metab 2013;98:1982-90. Epub March 28, 2013.

SUMMARY OF THE STUDY
This was a study of 70 patients with hypothyroidism who were treated with either desiccated thyroid extract or levothyroxine for 12 weeks followed by a switch to orgthe other option for another 16 weeks. The participants were “blinded” during both phases – they did not know the type of pill they received. After each treatment period patients were weighed, had blood tests, underwent psychometric testing and were asked which therapy they preferred. The researchers report that 49% of the patients preferred desiccated thyroid extract, 19% preferred levothyroxine and 23% had no preference. Desiccated thyroid extract use was also associated with more weight loss. There was no difference in the psychometric testing or in any symptoms. Both types of thyroid hormone were able to normalize the abnormal thyroid blood tests.

WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS OF THIS STUDY?
Although desiccated thyroid extract is not widely used, this study showed that many patients preferred this option as compared with levothyroxine. This result was observed despite there being no differences in thyroid function blood test and psychometric test results, although use of desiccated thyroid extract was associated with some weight loss. These results suggest that there may be a certain number of patients in who desiccated thyroid extract might be a reasonable treatment option. Further research is needed on this topic to confirm which patients this might benefit the most form desiccated thyroid extract therapy.

— Angela M. Leung, MD, MSc

ATA THYROID BROCHURE LINKS

Hypothyroidism: http://www.thyroid.org/what-is-hypothyroidism

Thyroid Hormone Treatment: http://www.thyroid.org/thyroid-hormone-treatment

Table of Contents | PDF File for Saving and Printing

Synthetic T4 Supplements for Hypothyroidism

Synthetic forms of the thyroid hormone T4 are generally called levothyroxine, and they are considered the standard treatment for hypothyroidism. Levothyroxine is considered a levoisomer, which simply means that the compound was produced by rotating at a specific wavelength but this has no impact on its biological function. As such, levothyroxine mimics the natural hormone. Though this hormone is man-made, synthetic T4 hormones are very similar to the T4 that is produced and released by the thyroid gland.

Types of T4 Supplements
There are currently six FDA-approved brands of synthetic T4 supplements available:

• Levo-T
• Levothyroxine Sodium
• Levoxyl
• Novothyrox
• Synthroid
• Unithroid

Synthroid has been the most commonly-prescribed brand of T4 for hypothyroidism but health insurers push to lower costs has required many patients to switch to the generic supplement, levothyroxine sodium. The T4 supplement delivers a steady, prolonged dose of the needed hormone. When making a change in the formulation of your supplement, having your levels checks and adjustments in dosage may be necessary to assure your TSH levels remain in the desired range.

All the approved brands of T4 are considered essentially the same, and most importantly, provide favorable hormonal effects. In other words, there is no significant difference in their composition. However, that does not mean that these brands are exactly the same. The bioavailability of a given brand at a given time after ingestion might be different. That’s why much of the endocrinology community—the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, the Endocrine Society, and the American Thyroid Association—believe that once you start with a brand, you should stick with it, if at all possible.

Determining Dosage
Finding your ideal T4 dosage is essential. The right dosage keeps hypothyroidism from interfering with your life. The wrong dosage can make it an even bigger problem than it was before you sought treatment.

Getting the right dosage is important, but don’t expect the dosage you start out with to be the dosage that you eventually stay with. Doctors often use weight as a guideline for determining dosage. Some clinicians use the formula of 1.6 micrograms of T4 for every 1 kilogram (or 2.2 pounds) of body weight for a starting dosage. Others prefer a more conservative approach, starting patients at a very low dose (perhaps as low as 25 micrograms). Note that the 1.6 micrograms is considered a full replacement dose. This means that if part of your thyroid still functions properly, you won’t need this full dose because your body is continuing to make some of its own T4, in addition to the hormone supplied by the pill.

Because it’s common for dosages to change at the start of treatment, your doctor will likely monitor your thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels after two or three months (though some doctors may check as soon as four weeks) from your first day of treatment. And since hormone replacement therapy is usually a lifelong treatment, you should get checked every year to make sure you’re taking the right dose if you’re on a stable dose. You should communicate with your doctor more frequently if your dose is being adjusted.

Doctors often err on the side of caution when prescribing starting dosages of T4 for a variety of reasons. For one, starting at a low dose and moving up lets your heart get used to the increased metabolism. Also, your doctor doesn’t want to risk inducing hyperthyroidism—a condition caused by high levels of thyroid hormones. You can learn more about the symptoms of over-treatment below.

Over-treatment Symptoms
Even with a moderate dose of T4, some patients are susceptible to over-treatment symptoms. Elderly patients with weaker hearts and people with heart arrhythmias (irregular heartbeat) are especially sensitive to thyroid hormone. Generally, doctors like to start with a slightly lower dose in these patients, in order to avoid or worsen irregular heartbeats.

Below are some of the symptoms of over-treatment:

• Feeling hot and sweating more than normal
• Shaking (hand tremors)
• Heart palpitations
• Having difficulty falling asleep
• Having mood swings
• Experiencing mental “fuzziness” (forgetfulness, loss of concentration)
• Experiencing muscle weakness
• Losing weight
• Menstrual irregularities

If you experience any of these symptoms throughout the duration of your hypothyroidism treatment, talk to your doctor immediately. He or she will first check your blood tests, before deciding on a dose.

Taking Other Medications with T4
Because T4 is ingested, it must be absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract into the bloodstream. The medications and supplements listed below should NOT be taken at the same time as T4, as they can interfere with your body’s ability to absorb the hormone:

• Aluminum hydroxide (found in some antacids)
• Calcium supplements
• Colestid and cholestyramine (absorbs bile)
• Iron supplements
• Magnesium supplements
• Raloxifene (an osteoporosis treatment)
• Sucralfate (for ulcers)
• Soy-based foods

If you need to take any of the medications above, you should take them three or four hours before or after you take T4. Your doctor will recommend the best time to take T4 (common times to take the medication are first thing in the morning or right before you go to bed, when you have an empty stomach).

Within two weeks of taking synthetic T4 hormone supplements, you’ll begin to feel the effects of the treatment. When taken as directed—and with the right dose—you’ll find that T4 hormone replacement therapy can effectively manage your hypothyroid symptoms.

Updated on: 01/23/18

Hypothyroidism

Hypothyroidism

Hypothyroidism is a decreased function of the thyroid gland.
There are two types of hypothyroidism: primary and secondary. In primary hypothyroidism, the most common autoimmune form of the disease arises from inflammation of the thyroid gland. The second form of the disease is
decreased thyroid function that occurs after surgery or radiation in patients with hyperthyroidism. Goiter can also occur with hypothyroidism. Due to a lack of iodine in the body, which disrupts the synthesis of thyroxine and reduces its production.In this case, there is an increase in the level of TSH,
produced in excess by the pituitary gland. The thyroid gland grows under the influence of TSH, and goiter develops. It is important to emphasize this fact in order to refute the conventional opinion that goiter develops only in the case of hyperthyroidism.
Secondary hypothyroidism is less common and occurs in case of malfunction in the hypothalamic-pituitary system.

Clinical signs of hypothyroidism are opposite to those of hyperthyroidism and include: fatigue, mask-like facial expression, hoarseness, slow speech, bags under the eyes, cold intolerance, sagging eyelids, dry hair and skin, weight gain, memory impairment, constipation, decreased heart rate
(bradycardia), often depression.The disease is more common among women. In addition, decreased thyroid function leads to stunted growth and mental development in children.

Hypothyroidism is difficult to diagnose when the disease is mild, which is most common in the elderly. The disease can not always be determined by a blood test. Problematic diagnosis complicates treatment.

Decreased thyroid function is primarily associated with a lack of iodine and the amino acid tyrosine, of which thyroxine is composed.
In addition to them, zinc, vitamins E and A are involved in the production of thyroid hormones, and the lack of one of them reduces the level of hormones.

Vitamins of group B (B2, B3, B6) and vitamin C are also necessary for the normal production of thyroxine. In addition, as numerous studies show, a lack of selenium makes it difficult for the transition of T4 to T3 (the active form of the hormone). The goal of treatment is to supplement this deficiency, unless immediate surgery
is required, and to regulate the function of the gland with nutritional supplements and proper nutrition.

Tyramine instructions for use: indications, contraindications, side effects – description Tyramine Enteric-coated tablets (55274)

Components for Tyramine, obtained from the thyroid glands of cattle, are a complex of proteins and nucleoproteins with a selective effect on cells of the thyroid gland, which helps to restore its functional and organic properties.

Clinical trials of Tyramine were carried out in 180 patients with primary hypothyroidism.In patients with primary hypothyroidism, subjective manifestations of asthenoneurotic and asthenovegetative syndromes dominated. According to the results of instrumental studies, signs of hypo- and atrophic changes in the thyroid gland were determined.

The conclusion about the effectiveness of the use of Tyramine was made on the basis of the dynamics of subjective complaints and indicators of laboratory and instrumental studies, as well as control of the content of thyroid group hormones in the blood.

As a result of clinical studies, it was found that a course intake of Tyramine improves the course of the disease in 84% of cases, and the greatest effect is observed in persons of the older age group with pronounced signs of atrophic changes in the thyroid gland.While taking Tyramine, there was an increase in performance, a decrease in the frequency and intensity of headaches, as well as cardialgia with normalization of ECG parameters. An increase in the content of all thyroid hormones to subnormal values ​​was revealed, which may indicate a stabilizing effect of Tyramine components on the cellular metabolism of the gland and a positive effect on metabolic processes in general.

Tyramine ^® is recommended for use in cases of thyroid dysfunction, hypo- and hyperfunction, tumor processes in the glandular tissue.As a prophylactic agent, Tyramine ^® is advisable to apply to persons living in areas endemic to thyroid diseases. Tyramine is also recommended for older and older people to maintain thyroid function.

Tyramine ^® is a natural product that does not contain preservatives, dyes or flavors.

For which types of cancer should I avoid taking Guggul?

Highlights

Nutritional supplements such as Guggul have many health benefits and are widely used by cancer patients and people with a genetic cancer risk.But is it safe to take Guggul supplements for all types of cancer and without considering any current routines and other lifestyle conditions? The widespread opinion, but only a myth, is that everything natural can only benefit me or not harm me. For example, using grapefruit with some medications is not recommended. Another example: Consuming spinach with certain blood-thinning medications can cause unwanted interactions and should be avoided. In cancer, nutrition that includes foods and natural supplements has been shown to influence outcomes.Therefore, cancer patients often ask nutritionists and doctors the question: “What should I eat and what should I avoid?”

Guggul may benefit cancer patients with multiple myeloma treated with lenalidomide. But avoid Guggul supplements if you are taking pazopanib for chronic myeloid leukemia. Likewise, taking the dietary supplement Guggul may benefit healthy people who are at genetic risk for cancer due to the KIT gene mutation. But avoid taking the dietary supplement Guggul if there is a genetic risk of cancer due to the TERT gene mutation.

Conclusion – Your individual context will influence your decision whether the Guggul food supplement is safe. And also the fact that this decision needs to be constantly reviewed as conditions change. Conditions such as the type of cancer, current treatment and supplements, age, gender, weight, height, lifestyle, and any genetic mutations identified are important. So you have a legitimate question to ask for any nutritional and natural supplement recommendation – how do they fit into your individual context.

Synopsis

Nutritional supplements – vitamins, herbs, minerals, probiotics and other special categories are growing. Supplements are high concentrations of active ingredients that are also found in various foods. The difference is that the products contain more than one active ingredient at lower diffusion concentrations. Remember that each of these ingredients has its own scientific and biological mechanism at the molecular level – so choose the right combination of supplements like Guggul for your individual context and conditions.

So the question is, should you take Guggul supplements? Should you take it if you have a genetic risk of cancer due to a TERT gene mutation? Should you take it if you have a genetic risk of cancer due to a mutation in the KIT gene? Should I take it when diagnosing chronic myeloid leukemia? Should you take Guggul supplements when diagnosed with multiple myeloma? Should I take it during pazopanib treatment? Should you continue to take Guggul supplements if you change your treatment from pazopanib to lenalidomide? Thus, a general explanation such as “this is natural or enhances immunity” may not be acceptable and sufficient for the choice of Guggul.

cancer

Cancer remains an unresolved problem. Increased availability of personalized treatment and cancer monitoring with blood and saliva have become important factors for improved outcomes. The earlier the intervention, the better the impact on the result. Genetic testing can provide an early assessment of cancer risk and susceptibility. But beyond regular follow-up, in most cases there are no therapeutic options for intervention. Once a cancer is diagnosed, such as chronic myeloid leukemia or multiple myeloma, treatment is tailored based on the genomics of the tumor and factors such as stage, age, and gender.During cancer remission (after completion of the treatment cycle) – monitoring is used to assess any recurrence and, accordingly, decide on further steps. The vast majority of cancer patients and those at risk do indeed take nutritional supplements such as Guggul.

So the question is, should all the risks of genetic mutations and types of cancer be considered as a whole when deciding whether to use Guggul? Are the biochemical pathway consequences of the genetic risk of cancer due to a TERT gene mutation the same as those due to a KIT gene mutation? Are the consequences of taking Guggul supplements for chronic myeloid leukemia the same as for multiple myeloma? Is it the same if you are taking pazopanib or lenalidomide?

Guggul – food supplement

Guggul is a fragrant resin produced by the Commiphora mukul tree native to India, Bangladesh and Pakistan.It is believed to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties and has been used for centuries in Indian Ayurvedic medicine to treat a variety of ailments. Below are some suggested use cases for Guggul:

• May help reduce symptoms associated with osteoarthritis (N. Kimmatkar et al., Phytomedicine., 2003)
• May help reduce cholesterol (Saibal Das et al., J Diet Suppl., 2016)
• May help reduce symptoms associated with hypothyroidism (Sunanda Panda et al., Phytother Res., 2005)
• May promote weight loss, fat burning and suppress appetite (Chong-Ye Yan et al. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2008)

In some people, taking Guggul supplements may cause certain side effects such as diarrhea, nausea, upset stomach, headaches, and skin rashes.

Guggul Supplements contain many active ingredients including guggulsterone, alpha-pinene and alpha-terpineol in various concentrations. Molecular pathways that are regulated by Guggul include oxidative stress, MYC signaling, hypoxia, TGFB signaling, and RAS-RAF signaling.These cellular pathways directly or indirectly regulate certain molecular endpoints of cancer, such as growth, spread, and death. Because of this biological regulation – for cancer nutrition, choosing the right supplement, such as Guggul, alone or in combination, is an important decision. When deciding to use a Guggul cancer supplement, be sure to consider all of these factors and explanations. Because the same is true for cancer treatment – using Guggul may not be a one-size-fits-all solution for all types of cancer.

Selection of Guggul Supplements for Cancer Treatment

The reason there is no easy way to answer the question “When should I avoid Guggul for cancer” is because “It depends!” In the same way that the same treatment does not work for every cancer patient, depending on your individual context, Guggul can be harmful or safe. Along with what kind of cancer and associated genetics – current treatments, supplements, lifestyle, BMI, and allergies – are all factors in determining whether or not Guggul should be avoided and why.

1. Will Guggul Supplements Help Cancer Patients With Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Treated With Pazopanib?

Chronic myeloid leukemia is characterized and controlled by specific genetic mutations such as BCR-ABL1 and RUNX1, leading to changes in biochemical pathways in oxidative stress, TGFB signaling, growth factor signaling, cancer epigenetics, and RUNX signaling. Cancer treatments like pazopanib work by a specific mechanism of action.The goal is to ensure good alignment between treatment and cancer pathways for an effective personalized approach. In this condition, any food or nutritional supplement should be avoided that has the opposite effect of treatment or that reduces overlap. For example, you should avoid taking Guggul for chronic myeloid leukemia in conjunction with pazopanib treatment. Guggul interferes with pathways / processes such as oxidative stress and TGFB signaling, which either contribute to the driving factors of the disease or negate the therapeutic effect.In addition, Guggul supplements contain active ingredients such as myrcene, which interacts with CYP3A4 with pazopanib treatment and should therefore be avoided by patients undergoing this treatment. (https://patents.google.com/patent/US7169763B2/en; Sander Beans et al., Clin Pharmacokinet., 2019) Some of the factors to consider when choosing a diet are the type of cancer, treatments, and supplements. currently accepted (if any), age, gender, BMI, lifestyle and any information on genetic mutations (if any).

2. Will Guggul Supplements Benefit Cancer Patients With Multiple Myeloma Being Treated With Lenalidomide?

Multiple myeloma is characterized by specific genetic mutations such as KRAS and NRAS, which lead to changes in the biochemical pathways of oxidative stress, hypoxia, P53 signaling, MYC and MAPK signaling. Cancer treatments like lenalidomide work through specific mechanisms. The goal is to ensure a good match between treatments and cancer management for a personalized approach.In this condition, any food or nutritional supplement should be considered that has an effect consistent with treatment or reducing overlap. For example, when treating multiple myeloma, you should consider using Guggul supplement along with lenalidomide treatment. Guggul supplementation affects pathways / processes such as oxidative stress and hypoxia that either inhibit the driving forces behind multiple myeloma or improve the effect of lenalidomide treatment.

Foods to Eat After Cancer Diagnosis!

No two cancers are the same.Go beyond general dietary guidelines for everyone and make individual decisions about food and supplements with confidence.

3. Are Guggul supplements safe for healthy people with a genetic risk of TERT mutation?

Various companies offer gene panels for testing to assess the genetic risk of various types of cancer. These panels cover genes associated with cancers of the breast, ovary, uterus, prostate, gastrointestinal tract, and others. Genetic testing of these genes can confirm the diagnosis and aid in treatment and management decisions.Identifying the variant causing the disease can also serve as a guideline for testing and diagnosing at-risk relatives. TERT is one of the genes commonly available in cancer risk testing panels.

The TERT mutation causes disruption of biochemical pathways / processes such as MYC signaling, TGFB signaling, nucleotide metabolism, stem cell signaling, and hypoxia. These pathways are direct or indirect driving forces of the molecular endpoints of cancer.Guggul should be avoided when the genetic panel detects the TERT mutation for hematologic cancer. Guggul interferes with pathways / processes such as MYC signaling and TGFB signaling and creates adverse effects through TERT and associated states.

4. Are Guggul supplements safe for healthy people with genetic risk from KIT mutations?

KIT is one of the genes available in cancer risk testing panels. The KIT mutation causes effects on biochemical pathways / processes such as hypoxia, RAS-RAF signaling, nucleotide metabolism, stem cell signaling, and MAPK signaling.These pathways are direct or indirect driving forces of the molecular endpoints of cancer. Consider taking Guggul supplements when a genetic panel detects a mutation in KIT for gastric and hematologic cancers. Guggul affects pathways / processes such as hypoxia and RAS-RAF signaling and has a supportive effect in people with KIT mutation and related conditions.

* Other Factors such as BMI are also included. , Treatment, Lifestyle

In conclusion

The two most important things to remember is that cancer treatment and nutrition are never the same for everyone.Nutrition, which includes food and nutritional supplements such as guggul, is an effective tool that you can manage when facing cancer.

What food you eat and what supplements you take is your decision. Your decision should include consideration of cancer gene mutations, type of cancer, ongoing treatments and supplements, any allergies, lifestyle information, weight, height, and habits.

Nutrition planning for cancer from the add-on is not based on Internet searches.It automates the molecular science decision making process implemented by our scientists and software developers. Whether you want to understand the underlying biochemical molecular pathways or not, this understanding is essential for cancer nutrition planning.

Get started NOW with meal planning by answering questions about cancer name, genetic mutations, current treatments and supplements, any allergies, habits, lifestyle, age group and gender.

Foods to Eat After Cancer Diagnosis!

No two cancers are the same. Go beyond general dietary guidelines for everyone and make individual decisions about food and supplements with confidence.

Cancer patients often have to deal with different side effects of chemotherapy that affect their quality of life and are looking for alternative cancer treatments. Taking the right diet and science-based supplements (avoiding guesswork and random selection) is the best natural remedy for cancer and treatment-related side effects.

What is it ᐈ Functions, Disease prevention, Rules and norms of admission.

1. Norman JA, Pickford CJ, Sanders TW, et al. Human intake of arsenic and iodine from seaweed-based food supplements and health foods available in the UK. Food Addit Contam. 1988; 5: 103-109. PubMed

2. Kathan RH. Kelp extracts as antiviral substances. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1965; 130: 390-397.

3. Carlucci MJ, Ciancia M, Matulewicz MC, et al. Antiherpetic activity and mode of action of natural carrageenans of diverse structural types.Antiviral Res. 1999; 43: 93-102. PubMed

4. Lee JB, Hayashi K, Hayashi T, et al. Antiviral activities against HSV-1, HCMV, and HIV-1 of rhamnan sulfate from Monostroma latissimum. Planta Med. 1999; 65: 439-441. PubMed

5. Chida K, Yamamoto I. Antitumor activity of a crude fucoidan fraction prepared from the roots of kelp (Laminaria species). Kitasato Arch Exp Med. 1987; 60: 33-39.

6. Maruyama H, Watanabe K, Yamamoto I. Effect of dietary kelp on lipid peroxidation and glutathione peroxidase activity in livers of rats given breast carcinogen DMBA.Nutr Cancer. 1991; 15: 221-228. PubMed

7. Teas J. The dietary intake of Laminaria, a brown seaweed, and breast cancer prevention. Nutr Cancer. 1983; 4: 217-222. PubMed

8. Funahashi H, Imai T, Tanaka Y, et al. Wakame seaweed suppresses the proliferation of 7,12-dimethylbenz (a) -anthracene-induced mammary tumors in rats. Jpn J Cancer Res. 1999; 90: 922-927. Ncbi

9. Shan BE, Yoshida Y, Kuroda E, et al. Immunomodulating activity of seaweed extract on human lymphocytes in vitro.Int J Immunopharmacol. 1999; 21: 59-70. PubMed

10. Ohno Y, Yoshida O, Oishi K, et al. Dietary beta-carotene and cancer of the prostate: a case-control study in Kyoto, Japan. Cancer Res. 1988; 48: 1331-1336. PubMed

11. Chiu KW, Fung AY. The cardiovascular effects of green beans (Phaseolus aureus), common rue (Ruta graveolens), and kelp (Laminaria japonica) in rats. Gen Pharmac. 1997; 29: 859-862. PubMed

12. Konno N, Makita H, Yuri K, et al. Association between dietary iodine intake and prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism in the coastal regions of Japan.J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1994; 78: 393-397. PubMed

13. Eliason C. Transient hyperthyroidism in a patient taking dietary supplements containing kelp. J Am Board Fam Pract. 1998; 11: 478-480.

14. Shilo S, Hirsch HJ. Iodine-induced hyperthyroidism in a patient with a normal thyroid gland. Postgrad Med J. 1986; 62: 661-662. Ncbi

15. Okamura K, Inoue K, Omae T. A case of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis with thyroid immunological abnormality manifested after habitual ingestion of seaweed.Acta Endocrinol (Copenh). 1978; 88: 703-712. PubMed

16. Tajiri J, Higashi K, Morita M, et al. Studies of hypothyroidism in patients with high iodine intake. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1986; 63: 412-417. PubMed

17. Yamaguchi K, Fukushima H, Uzawa H, et al. A case of iodide myxedema observed for three years under a low iodide diet — especially on the restoration of the escape mechanism from the Wolff-Chaikoff effect. Nippon Naibunpi Gakkai Zasshi. 1984; 60: 79-88. PubMed

18.Ishizuki Y, Yamauchi K, Miura Y. Transient thyrotoxicosis induced by Japanese kombu. Nippon Naibunpi Gakkai Zasshi. 1989; 65: 91-98. PubMed

19. Harrell BL, Rudolph AH. Kelp diet: a cause of acneiform eruption [letter]. Arch Dermatol. 1976; 112: 560.

20. Pye KG, Kelsey SM, House IM, et al. Severe dyserythropoiesis and autoimmune thrombocytopenia associated with ingestion of kelp supplements. Lancet. 1992; 339: 1540.

21 Walkiw G, Douglas DE.Health food supplements prepared from kelp — a source of elevated urinary arsenic. Clin Toxicol. 1975; 8: 325-331.

22. Clark MD CD, Bassett MD B, Burge MD MR. Effects of kelp supplementation on thyroid function in euthyroid subjects. Endocr Pract. 2003; 9: 363-9. PubMed

23. Amster E, Tiwary A, Schenker MB. Case report: potential arsenic toxicosis secondary to herbal kelp supplement. Environ Health Perspect. 2007; 115: 606-608. Ncbi

90,000 Iodine deficiency in the body can lead to dire consequences

February 13, 2018

Photo author, Getty Images

Photo caption,

Iodine is extremely important for health

Iodine is extremely important for health, but they are far from being aware of it all.Without iodine, people suffer from defects in the development of the body, and they have metabolic problems,

Iodine is the main component of thyroid hormones, which regulates our metabolism.

Without adequate iodine, people suffer from serious developmental defects, but most of us do not know how much iodine we should consume or where it comes from.

A study by Margaret Reiman and the University of Surrey points to a lack of iodine in modern “healthy” diets, primarily vegetarian, which poses a threat of iodine deficiency in pregnant women.

Photo author, Getty Images

Photo caption,

The presence of iodine in a pregnant woman’s diet is extremely important for the development of the child’s brain

Why do we need iodine?

Iodine is a major component of thyroid hormones, which play a key role in human development, metabolism and brain development, especially for the fetus in the womb.

“Iodine deficiency is easily preventable and yet remains the leading preventable cause of learning disabilities in children worldwide,” says Professor Reiman.

Photo author, University of Surrey

Photo caption,

Professor Margaret Reiman says that it is very easy to cope with iodine deficiency

“If a pregnant woman does not have enough iodine in her body, then their children will be unable to learn or with signs of congenital hypothyroidism , in which the inhibition of all body functions prevails. This is what has been called cretinism throughout history, “adds the professor.

Originally, the word “cretin” was used to refer to people living with this syndrome in the Alps, where there is a historically severe iodine deficiency.

This is where in the past there have been many people suffering from goiter – a noticeable enlargement of the thyroid gland in the neck.

“We now know that this is a clear symptom of an iodine deficiency in the body, in which the thyroid gland enlarges in an attempt to get as much iodine from the blood as possible,” says Professor Reiman.

Dangers of “healthy” diets

Photo author, Getty / EugeneTomeev

Photo caption,

Foods rich in iodine

Perhaps the best sources of iodine among foods are fish with white meat and eggs.

In most countries, iodine is also added to table salt.

In many countries, such as the UK, iodine is also found in milk and dairy products as it is added to livestock feed.

But in developed countries the problem of iodine deficiency has reappeared – this time not because of its absence in ordinary food, but because people deliberately avoid using these products.

This is a decision that most vegetarians and nearly all vegans who avoid animal products make every day.

Photo by Getty Images

Photo caption,

Vegan women at risk of thyroid problems during pregnancy

pregnant women.

These people included both vegetarians and vegans. It turned out that vegans are especially at high risk of iodine deficiency.

Professor Reiman also refers to cases of pregnant vegan women having goiter and their newborn babies having decreased thyroid function.

Long-term effect

Photo by Getty Images

Photo caption,

Iodine deficiency can lead to long-term problems in the development of the child

Professor Reiman also studied biological samples obtained from 14 thousand pregnant women in the West of England in the 1990s years, and then followed the development of their children in subsequent years.

Together with her colleague, Dr. Sarah Bath, she reviewed all the available data on these children, paying particular attention to how well they learn to read and their IQ.

Dr. Bath found that babies born to mothers with iodine deficiency have a higher risk of having difficulty expressing their thoughts out loud by age eight, and it becomes more difficult for them to read and understand what is written by age nine.

Researchers also found that the more iodine deficiency a mother has, the more developmental difficulties their children experience.

Surprisingly, however, this effect was present despite the fact that these mothers had only relatively minor iodine deficiency.

Where does iodine come from?

Photo author, Getty Images

Photo caption,

In most countries of the world iodine is added in the production of table salt

The main source of iodine is the seas and oceans.

The road of iodine from the sea to the land is not easy: ions rise into the atmosphere, then from rain clouds fall into the ground, where they are absorbed by plants and herbivores, and after all this they get to our food.

But rain clouds that have formed over the sea do not always reach regions far from the sea.Accordingly, in places where people in the past depended mainly on locally produced products, there were problems caused by the lack of iodine.

This is exactly what happened in the Alps, in the remote mountainous regions of Pakistan, in many regions of Russia, in Central Asia and in some parts of Africa.

Photo author, Getty Images

Photo caption,

In the mountainous areas of Pakistan, far from the sea, people are experiencing problems due to lack of iodine

Regions that are regularly exposed to flooding, such as Bangladesh, are also affected, as flows leaving after flooding are washed away iodine from the soil.

How much iodine does a person need?

Women should take 150 to 300 micrograms of iodine per day and men 150 micrograms.

But the level of iodine in food is unstable, and it is rather difficult to calculate how much of this substance you have taken.

Fatty fish contains less iodine than fish with white meat. In winter, milk contains more iodine than in summer, since in winter cattle receive feed with iodine supplements, and in summer animals graze on the grass.

It is best to eat a varied diet and not avoid whole food groups such as meat, milk or fish, unless advised by your doctor.

Ashwagandha Properties

Ashwagandha Properties

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Ashwagandha prolactin Ashwagandha (withania somnifera) is a world-famous plant that is credited with many properties that have a positive effect on the body.In Ayurveda, this herb is an essential component of treatment, widely. Useful properties of the ashwagandha plant. The effect of the supplement on the human body. The healing properties of medicinal plants have been studied for thousands of years. Ashwagandha is an adaptogen herb that has been used for centuries in Ayurvedic medicine to help stabilize physiological processes and homeostasis in the body. It means that. Ashwagandha has medicinal properties. Historically, ashwagandha roots have been used to treat arthritis, constipation, insomnia, skin conditions, stress.Medicinal properties. The list of medicinal properties and contraindications of ashwagandha is quite extensive. The plant has a fairly wide spectrum of action: For female representatives, this medicinal herb is. Ashwagandha is an Indian ginseng used in Ayurveda as an adaptogen to help combat stress and health problems. It’s physalis, isn’t it?). Already for. Ashwagandha is an adaptogenic plant that has been used by various peoples for a long time to resist stress.Online store of goods from India. Delivery across Russia. Low prices. Discounts and gifts. On Line Order 24 hours. Free Consultation. ot3000 Delivery Free Seller: IE Bondar V. OGRN: 31350202200 Ashwagandha and Ashwagandha prostatitis with hypothyroidism Ashwagandha description

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Male infertility accounts for about 50% of human infertility.In 40-50% of infertile men, the etiology of the disease is unknown. The pathophysiology of male infertility can be explained by a number of cellular disorders manifested at the molecular and biochemical levels, which leads to a decrease in the quality and quantity of sperm in sperm and an imbalance in reproductive hormones. In addition, it has been widely noted that oligospermia is the single most common cause of decreased male fertility. Ayurveda, a traditional ancient medical system, has been developed in India for several thousand years.For much of this history, ashwagandha (Withania somnifera), also called “Indian ginseng” for its anti-aging effects, has been described in folk medicine as an aphrodisiac and geriatric tonic. It is classified as an “adaptogen”, which means that this herb helps fight stress and disease by improving physical strength and metabolism without side effects Ashwagandha has been used as “rasayana” in Ayurvedic medicine. In particular, ashwagandha root is used as a tonic and aphrodisiac.Ashwagandha can be translated from Sanskrit as “the smell of a horse” (ashwa-horse, gandha-smell). Perhaps this name is due to the aroma of its root. The Latin name of the species somnifera translates as “inducing sleep.” 46 adult infertile men took part in the experiment, all men had a sperm count of 5-20 million / ml, total motility 10-30%, with direct motility

Ashwagandha properties

Another reason for the prohibition is the potential ability of the drug to cause mental dependence when taken for a long time in large quantities.It has also been proven to be a powerful aphrodisiac. Ashwagandha dry herb is prohibited in Russia due to the lack of licensing and standardization – the composition of such funds is not specified anywhere, their pharmacological effects on the body have not been tested. What is Ashwagandha. Ashwagandha is a perennial shrub plant, up to 75 cm high. It has many branches and leaves. Ashwagandha is one of the most popular and powerful Ayurvedic herbs. It has existed for several thousand years and has been used in traditional medicine for a long time.This plant is known. Ashwagandha is an adaptogen herb that has been used for centuries in Ayurvedic medicine to help stabilize physiological processes and homeostasis in the body. It means that. Ashwagandha (withania somnifera) is a world-famous plant that is credited with many properties that have a positive effect on the body. In Ayurveda, this herb is an essential component of treatment, widely. Ashwagandha (aka Somnifera dunal) is an adaptogen plant popular in Ayurvedic medicine.The use of ashwagandha as a medicine lasts. Ashwagandha perfectly increases libido in men and women, has a very wide range of medicinal properties, it is used in bodybuilding, but it is prohibited for. Ashwagandha properties . Ashwagandha for hypothyroidism. Reviews, instructions for use, composition and properties. Ashvagandha Himalaya Herbals is a natural herbal extract. Ashwagandha is a famous Ayurvedic anti-aging herb, often referred to as Indian ginseng. Increases the body’s ability to maintain physical activity and helps relieve stress, fatigue and insomnia.Ashwagandha is a medicinal plant from India that has incredible properties. The roots and fruits of the bush are used for medicinal purposes. Himalaya Ashwagandha is made from root extracts. ASHVAGANDHA Himalaya (ASHVAGANDHA, antistress, general health, Himalaya), 60 tab. Ashwagandha or Ashwagandha is a unique multifunctional and extremely effective Ayurvedic remedy with aphrodisiac properties. Its name is translated. Ashwagandha, 60 tab, manufacturer Himalaya; Ashvagandha, 60 tabs, Himalaya.Good day! The drug is excellent, but I want to clarify – is it possible to take ashwagandha with hyperthyroidism in the stage of prolonged remission (TTG has been normal for about 3 years)? To answer. 03/31/2020, 19:14.

90,000 Ectomorph Mass Gain Meal Plan

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meal plan for gaining mass for ectomorph

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I cannot accept the fact that when I eat one cake, they start to “bomb” me.I gathered myself together and decided that I would lose weight by summer. I bought a course “KETOPLAN” and began to systematically move towards the goal. I must say, this turned out to be the easiest and most painless way to prepare the figure for the summer. Thanks to the creators.

The effect of using a nutrition plan for gaining mass for an ectomorph

Friends who are professionally fond of sports told me about the keto diet. It is also not suitable for everyone, it is imperative to study the list of contraindications, diseases and consult with your doctor.The essence of the diet is a gradual, I emphasize the gradual rejection of simple carbohydrates. In general, the main goal of the keto diet is to reduce the calories consumed, that is, the body exists due to the excess weight accumulated earlier. And gradually you need to completely reduce the consumption of carbohydrates to zero. That is, do not eat buns, cookies, sweets, pasta, pizza, cakes, etc. How to determine what you can and what is better not to eat on a keto diet? A KetoPlan subscription will help one and all to do this.

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I have subscribed to KETOPLAN for almost a month now.The first week was still tormented by hunger, after 10 days of the diet, the feeling of hunger almost passed, but here it is also important not to “break loose” … After a couple of weeks of the diet, everything seems to be fine, and really is losing weight by a couple of kilograms a week, but you should smell fresh baking, and life becomes not nice … Positive results are encouraging.

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In order to place an order for a meal plan for gaining mass, an ectomorph needs to leave your contact information on the website.The operator will contact you within 15 minutes. Will clarify all the details with you and we will send your order. In 3-10 days you will receive the parcel and pay for it upon receipt.

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The keto diet is a rather complicated diet in essence. I tried to “sit” on it myself, having read articles on the Internet, but what seemed easy in the articles turned out to be quite difficult in reality. For the first time, the impression of lightness, quickly gave way to a headache, “what should I cook today, taking into account the diet?” All the menus I found didn’t quite suit me.“I went on a diet for a month, lost 5 kg, but I realized that this was not mine, now I understand that it was because I did not have a clear plan. Now I decided to repeat the experiment and found a KETOPLAN subscription. In my personal account, everything is clear and understandable, selected personally for me. It’s like losing weight with a personal dietitian, but cheaper. I have been on a diet for almost two months now – the flight is normal, 9 kg have already left me, I feel good.

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Ketoplan is ideal for diabetics and those people who suffer from malfunctioning of the stomach and intestines.At the same time, the presence of bad habits, for example, smoking, does not in any way affect the effectiveness of the program. It also works even if patients do not use some of the products from the program.

For effective weight loss, you need to try to stay on the keto diet as long as possible, because fat reserves will begin to burn only after a two-week restriction of all carbohydrates in food, if you follow such a diet for a short time, then there will be no significant effect for weight loss, but you can improve your work pancreas and regulate the level of insulin production, which in general for the body gives a general and very positive effect.KETOPLAN is an ideal option for those who want to keep their bodies healthy and for those who want to lose weight. Where to buy an ectomorph weight gain meal plan? I have already subscribed to KETOPLAN for almost a month. The first week was still tormented by hunger, after 10 days of the diet, the feeling of hunger almost passed, but here it is also important not to “break loose” … After a couple of weeks of the diet, everything seems to be fine, and really is losing weight by a couple of kilograms a week, but you should smell fresh baking, and life is not cute… The positive results are encouraging.

A detailed nutrition plan with a menu for a week for an ectomorphic man to gain muscle mass. General rules, menus, choice of products and times of use. … Nutrition rules for gaining mass. The ideal number of meals is 5-6 per day. You can eat 3-4 times, but it will be more difficult to consume the right amount of calories. If you do not have the opportunity to snack on a complete food, replace these methods with sports nutrition – protein (protein) and gainer (carbohydrates and proteins).Do not be afraid to eat after 18:00 and an hour or two before bedtime, this is normal and absolutely safe from a health point of view. What matters is how comfortable you feel if you eat too late. The nutritional guidelines for ectomorphs to gain muscle mass should be slightly different from athletes with a different type of constitution. It is important to take into account all the strengths of the ectomorphic type, as a result of which the so-called curse will turn into a real gift, providing impressive muscle volumes and incredible relief.The basics of mass nutrition for an ectomorph. People with this build tend to gain muscle the slowest. Even if their strength indicators increase, muscle volumes will increase too slowly. Let’s talk about nutrition for the ever-thin ectomorphs. If you recognize this somatotype in yourself by tests, calculators, or just looking at yourself in the mirror, then this article is for you. General recommendations. Perhaps the main problem with ectomorphs in their diet is the messy snacking. This somatotype, in principle, is not aware of the suffering of those who, having allowed themselves an extra piece of cake for the holiday, must certainly work it out in the gym…. On the other hand, it is really very difficult for ectomorphs to eat a lot and often, although this is usually advised for them to gain mass. Like, eat as if not to yourself, do not pay attention to the body’s resistance. But gagging on food is actually a bad idea. Complete Ectomorph Nutritional Program for Daily Muscle Gain for Muscle Growth and Gain with Strength Training at Home or in the Gym. … Ectomorph meal plan for gaining muscle mass: from lean to muscular.Indeed, it is more difficult for skinny guys to build muscle. This is partly due to poor genetics as well as inappropriate eating habits. … Ectomorphs are the skinniest of all. Often they are distinguished by modest volumes, light physique and a predominance of lean muscle mass. They usually have a flat chest. To gain muscle mass, nutrition should be balanced, and proteins in one form or another should be no more than 30% of all food. Most bodybuilders do not count plant proteins, but only animals because they are better absorbed.You can also get your protein intake from supplements, but optimally if you consume both supplements and animal proteins. … This is just an example, you can include more or less of the food you like in your meal plan. Give it a try. … Nutrition for gaining muscle mass should be not only nutritious and nutritious, but also balanced. That is why you need to include vegetables in your diet. Features of the addition of an ectomorph. The rules for drawing up a diet for gaining muscle mass. A set of exercises for building muscles…. The rate of gaining muscle mass depends on many parameters of a person, including his body type. Therefore, in order to gain a sporty, pumped-up figure, it is necessary to organize a diet and fitness training, focusing on your somatotype. For the first time, the theory of dividing people into three types of physique was proposed by Dr.William Herbert Sheldon back in 1940. Somatotypes are characterized by the following differences: Ectomorphs. Thin and fragile-looking people with a narrow chest and poorly developed muscles.Eating rules for an ectomorph trying to gain weight. Reduce hunger to a minimum. Any foods high in carbohydrates and proteins are suitable for this. … Sports nutrition. Sports supplements can help ectomorphs gain muscle mass, but they should not be overestimated. Don’t forget that sports nutrition is a supplement to regular food! At the beginning, optimize the diet with the help of familiar products, and if such a need arises, only then connect auxiliary aids…. But it still has a pronounced effect in terms of gaining muscle mass. Suitable for those who do not get enough protein from their usual food. 3. Creatine monohydrate. Specific sports nutrition products for gaining muscle mass are selected taking into account many different nuances and criteria. One of them is the body type of a person. The most common classification of the American doctor William Herbert Sheldon, according to which people are divided into endomorphs, ectomorphs and mesomorphs. 1. Endomorph (Winnie the Pooh)…. An ectomorph should lean on foods that are high in not only protein, but also carbohydrates. But the consumption of fat should be reduced to a minimum. The preferred diet is 5-6 times a day. To gain muscle mass quickly, you need to not only train hard, but also eat certain foods. Gold`s Gym trainers will be able to give you useful advice on the choice of such products. … Gold’s Gym nutrition experts will teach you how to eat well to lose weight. Challenge-2020. Franchise…. Sample menu for gaining muscle mass: Breakfast: 150-200 grams of oatmeal with apple and nuts (1 apple, 30 grams of nuts). Lunch: 150-200 grams of meat, vegetable salad or steamed vegetables, 200 grams of boiled buckwheat, brown rice or baked potatoes. Diet for gaining muscle mass. The golden rule for every athlete who decides to conquer the ladies with a well-built figure is to consume more than you spend. Do not be afraid that excess body fat will appear. … But do not forget about the individual characteristics of each athlete.If an ectomorph (prone to thinness) is not damaged even by 1000 Kcal, then for an endomorph (prone to overweight) more than 500 Kcal is an overkill, which will make itself felt by the growth of adipose tissue, and not muscle. To compose a menu, it is important to know the calorie content of a particular product. This information will be gleaned from a special BJU table (proteins, fats, carbohydrates). What are the features of nutrition for gaining muscle mass for men? We have prepared tips for a daily diet for muscle growth. Read on our website…. When drawing up a healthy nutrition plan, be guided by the following calorie content: 1 g of protein / carbohydrate = 4 Kcal, 1 g of fat = 9 Kcal. The main source of energy during training will be carbohydrates, proteins will go into the growth and strengthening of muscles. The richest foods in protein are meat and dairy products. Soy, legumes and nuts contain many important amino acids. The given formula for calculating the BJU is averaged. When you gain weight, a lot depends on your body type and metabolic rate. Sample programs.A sample nutritional program for gaining muscle mass will guide you in the regimen and choice of foods for each meal. Sample meal plan for the day for men: Sample meal plan for the day for girls: Note. The approximate daily calorie content is about 2 800 kcal, the amount of protein is 180 g. Budgetary diet for men: Adjust the sample programs to suit your lifestyle and food preferences, while not violating the basic rules for compiling a diet for gaining mass. Special cases. Recommendations for girls.Weight gain nutrition and training program for men. Workout. Nutrition. Reading time: 5 minutes. RSS. Print. If you want to gain muscle mass, you need to eat a little excess calories and exercise regularly in the gym. In this article, we will take a closer look at all the nuances of strength training, analyze the menu and give a training program for gaining mass for a man. Where to begin? Determine your body type. … Ectomorphs are thin and underdeveloped in muscles.They have thin long limbs, gain weight with difficulty. Mesomorphs have well-developed muscles and proportional limbs. Many people think that eating for weight gain is doing more harm than good. In fact, this opinion is wrong. By following the dosage and exercising regularly, supplements can help make a noticeable difference. Harm from additives is possible only if the dosage is not followed and if there are contraindications. What else you need to know about taking sports nutrition: High-quality sports nutrition has nothing to do with banned anabolic steroids, which accelerate mass growth, but are addictive and destroy the body from the inside.Please note that proper nutrition for gaining muscle mass differs from the conventional diet for a healthy lifestyle, and it does not look like a diet for weight loss. What should be the food for bodybuilders, we will consider in more detail later. Nutrition principles. Weightlifters are known to need a lot of protein to shape their body sculpting. Beginners, carried away by protein shakes, forget about micro- and macroelements, vitamins, amino acids, antioxidants, which are needed for the normal functioning of the human body, regardless of its attitude to sports.The best way to get all this useful set is to eat natural products: meat; fish

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Friends who are professionally fond of sports told me about the keto diet. It is also not suitable for everyone, it is imperative to study the list of contraindications, diseases and consult with your doctor. The essence of the diet is a gradual, I emphasize the gradual rejection of simple carbohydrates. In general, the main goal of the keto diet is to reduce the calories consumed, that is, the body exists due to the excess weight accumulated earlier.And gradually you need to completely reduce the consumption of carbohydrates to zero. That is, do not eat buns, cookies, sweets, pasta, pizza, cakes, etc. How to determine what you can and what is better not to eat on a keto diet? A KetoPlan subscription will help one and all to do this.

meal plan for gaining mass ectomorph

I cannot come to terms with the fact that when I eat one cake, they start to “bomb” me. I gathered myself together and decided that I would lose weight by summer. I bought a course “KETOPLAN” and began to systematically move towards the goal.I must say, this turned out to be the easiest and most painless way to prepare the figure for the summer. Thanks to the creators.

A properly formulated diet usually means a healthy ratio of protein, fat and carbohydrates. In this article we will talk about the basic rules of a balanced diet. … The ratio of proteins, fats and carbohydrates, the calorie content of the daily menu and its dependence on physical activity are important factors that determine the attractiveness and health of a person.In this article we will talk about the basic rules of a balanced diet. Eat right. To live an active lifestyle. Stay in touch. 8 800 200 74 74 (free for Russia). Our Vkontakte page. Our Facebook page. … The benefits of vitamin omega 3 for weight loss. 9.10.2020 408 0. (0). … Learn more about special purchase conditions from a Nutrition Consultant, Herbalife Nutrition Associate. Submit your application. I agree to the processing of my personal data. Herbalife Balanced Breakfast is a ready-made solution for the right start of the day! It provides the body with the necessary amount of energy and nutrients.These foods will give you the protein, vitamins and energy you need to start your day successfully with a minimum of calories. To find out more, contact a health consultant in your city. Fill out the application. Nowadays, protein shakes are common in the diet of not only professional athletes. They have become popular with those who support a healthy diet and lifestyle. Many people believe that protein shakes are a harmless natural blend and are very useful: they correct the figure, promote cell renewal and have other beneficial properties.However, it is worth understanding, and you will understand what negative impact they can have. The most correct way, of course, is to treat this disease. And I always advocate to prevent the development of diabetes in the early stages – to identify the prerequisites for its development. Therefore, when patients come to me (no matter what problem), I always try to see what he has with carbohydrate metabolism, and if there are any risks. … In my therapy, I always correct the patient’s deficiencies of trace elements, vitamins, hormones.For example, if we are talking about elderly patients, then we need a correction of sex hormones: estrogen, progesterone, testosterone. It is necessary to compensate for the deficiency of vitamin D, since this hormone is necessary for the proper functioning of insulin receptors. Herbalife is a very old networking company that was created primarily to generate revenue, primarily for those who started the company. Also, these types of products are used by those who are used to living by faith in a panacea and magic pills, who do not understand that a healthy lifestyle can be led without any pills, cocktails, powders and other things…. – its products are by no means a panacea or a cure for all diseases, in fact, there is no panacea in principle. – from a medical point of view, the company’s products can be divided into two categories: dietary supplements and specialized food products designed to solve specific problems. Eat right. To live an active lifestyle. Stay in touch. … A weight loss program using Herbalife products is more effective than a standard low-calorie diet.Now this is confirmed by a study by the Research Institute of Nutrition of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, conducted on the basis of the Clinic. The results of a clinical study of the Research Institute of Nutrition of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences confirm that the weight loss program using Herbalife food products – a protein shake Formula 1 and a protein mixture Formula 3 is more effective than a standard low-calorie diet. According to research results, these products are approved by the National Association of Diet and Nutritionists. Herbalife products and services are distributed through Herbalife Affiliates.You do not need to be a Herbalife Member to purchase Herbalife products and services. 3. your information and the protection of your personal data. When transferring any information through the Site, you agree to provide accurate and up-to-date information in full and agree to keep this information up to date. Weight loss with hypothyroidism during pregnancy. Why is it difficult to lose weight with hypothyroidism? In a state of such dysfunction, regardless of the cause of its appearance, the thyroid gland ceases to produce the required amount of hormones that affect metabolic processes, and in more severe forms of the disease, the functionality of the pituitary gland, which produces the hormone TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone), is affected…. Synthetic analogs of thyroid hormones help to restore the quality of metabolism, taking such drugs of the required amount of thyroxine and triiodothyronine in the body. And their sufficient concentration on the background. There were many doubts, but I made up my mind. After the operation, in general, panic: how, I think, disfigured yourself? I realized that I did the right thing only when the weight went down. Threw off up to 100 kg. And he would have lived like that, but after six years the bandage broke. … Easy to climb stairs. The dyspnea was maddening before.