What are the top causes of elevated liver enzymes in dogs? What should you do if your dog has elevated liver enzymes? Get answers to these questions and more.

Understanding Elevated Liver Enzymes in Dogs

As a pet owner, you want the best for your furry friend. It can be concerning and overwhelming when your dog’s routine bloodwork shows elevated liver enzymes. But what does this mean, and what are the potential causes? In this comprehensive guide, we’ll dive into the top reasons for increased liver enzymes in dogs and provide you with the information you need to ensure your canine companion’s health.

What Are Liver Enzymes?

Liver enzymes, such as alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST), are proteins found within the cells of the liver. These enzymes play a crucial role in various metabolic processes. When the liver is damaged or inflamed, these enzymes can leak into the bloodstream, resulting in elevated levels that can be detected through a simple blood test.

Common Causes of Elevated Liver Enzymes in Dogs

There are several potential causes for elevated liver enzymes in dogs. Let’s explore the top culprits:

1. Hepatitis

Hepatitis, or inflammation of the liver, can be caused by a variety of factors, including viral infections, bacterial infections, and autoimmune disorders. This condition can lead to a significant increase in liver enzyme levels.

2. Liver Disease

Chronic liver diseases, such as cirrhosis or liver cancer, can cause a steady rise in liver enzyme levels over time. These conditions may be associated with other symptoms, such as weight loss, lethargy, and loss of appetite.

3. Medication Toxicity

Certain medications, including some antibiotics, anti-inflammatory drugs, and antiseizure medications, can cause liver damage and elevated enzyme levels. It’s crucial to inform your veterinarian about any medications your dog is taking.

4. Obesity and Diabetes

Excess weight and diabetes can contribute to the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which can lead to elevated liver enzymes.

5. Pancreatitis

Inflammation of the pancreas, known as pancreatitis, can also cause a rise in liver enzyme levels, as the pancreas and liver are closely connected.

6. Toxin Exposure

Exposure to certain toxins, such as chemicals, plants, or medications, can damage the liver and lead to elevated enzyme levels.

What to Do If Your Dog Has Elevated Liver Enzymes

If your dog’s routine bloodwork shows elevated liver enzymes, don’t panic. The first step is to schedule a follow-up appointment with your veterinarian. They will likely perform additional tests, such as a comprehensive metabolic panel, to determine the underlying cause and develop an appropriate treatment plan.

Diagnostic Tests for Elevated Liver Enzymes

Your veterinarian may recommend one or more of the following tests to identify the root cause of your dog’s elevated liver enzymes:

• Comprehensive metabolic panel: This blood test provides a more detailed assessment of your dog’s overall health, including kidney function, electrolyte levels, and additional liver enzymes.
• Ultrasound: This non-invasive imaging technique can help your veterinarian visualize the liver and detect any abnormalities, such as masses or inflammation.
• Biopsy: In some cases, a liver biopsy may be necessary to obtain a tissue sample for further analysis and diagnosis.

Treatment for Elevated Liver Enzymes

The treatment for elevated liver enzymes in dogs will depend on the underlying cause. Your veterinarian may prescribe medications to address the specific condition, such as anti-inflammatory drugs for hepatitis or dietary changes for NAFLD. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to remove a tumor or other liver-related problem.

Preventing Elevated Liver Enzymes in Dogs

While some causes of elevated liver enzymes are beyond your control, there are steps you can take to support your dog’s liver health and minimize the risk of liver-related issues:

1. Maintain a healthy weight: Ensure your dog is at a healthy weight and not overweight or obese, as excess weight can contribute to liver problems.
2. Provide a balanced diet: Feed your dog a high-quality, balanced diet that meets their nutritional needs and supports liver function.
3. Limit exposure to toxins: Be mindful of potential toxins in your home and yard, and keep your dog away from known liver-damaging substances.
4. Monitor medication usage: If your dog is taking any medications, work closely with your veterinarian to ensure they are not causing liver damage.
5. Schedule regular check-ups: Regular veterinary check-ups and bloodwork can help catch any liver-related issues early, allowing for prompt treatment and management.

Conclusion

Elevated liver enzymes in dogs can be concerning, but understanding the potential causes and working closely with your veterinarian can help ensure your canine companion’s health and well-being. By being proactive about your dog’s liver health, you can help them live a long, happy, and healthy life.