How can parents safely give acetaminophen to children. What are the different types of acetaminophen available for kids. What precautions should be taken when administering acetaminophen to children. How to determine the correct dosage of acetaminophen for children. What are the potential risks of giving too much acetaminophen to children. When should parents seek medical advice before giving acetaminophen to their child. How to handle situations where a child vomits after taking acetaminophen.

Understanding Acetaminophen: A Common Pain Reliever and Fever Reducer

Acetaminophen, also known as paracetamol in some countries, is a widely used over-the-counter medication for relieving pain and reducing fever in children. While it’s generally considered safe when used correctly, parents must exercise caution to avoid potential complications.

What exactly is acetaminophen? It’s a drug that works by affecting certain chemicals in the body responsible for pain sensation and temperature regulation. When administered properly, it can effectively manage various childhood ailments, from headaches to fevers.

Common Brand Names for Acetaminophen

While acetaminophen is the generic name, you may encounter various brand names in the market. Some popular brands include:

• Tylenol®
• Panadol®
• FeverAll®
• Tempra®

It’s crucial to remember that regardless of the brand name, the active ingredient remains the same. Always check the label to confirm you’re purchasing an acetaminophen-based product.

Different Forms of Acetaminophen for Children

Acetaminophen comes in various forms to cater to different age groups and specific needs. What are the available options for children?

• Oral suspensions (liquid form)
• Chewable tablets
• Rectal suppositories

Oral suspensions are typically suitable for younger children, while chewable tablets are generally recommended for children 6 years and older. Rectal suppositories can be particularly useful when a child is experiencing vomiting or has difficulty taking oral medication.

Concentration Changes in Infant Formulations

It’s important to note that manufacturers have phased out the more concentrated infant drops (80 mg/0.8 ml per dose) due to dosing errors. The current infant drops now have the same concentration as Children’s Tylenol® (160 mg/5 ml per dose). If you have any old, more concentrated formulations at home, it’s crucial to dispose of them safely and not use them.

Safe Administration of Acetaminophen to Children

How can parents ensure they’re giving acetaminophen safely to their children? Here are some essential guidelines:

1. Always check the expiration date before administering.
2. Verify that your child isn’t already taking other medications containing acetaminophen.
3. Use the correct dosing tool provided with the product.
4. Consider your child’s weight, not just age, when determining the dosage.
5. Never exceed the recommended dosage or frequency.

What should you do if your child vomits after taking acetaminophen? If vomiting occurs within 20 minutes of administration, it’s generally safe to give another dose. However, if more than 20 minutes have passed, wait at least 4 hours before the next dose.

Calculating the Correct Acetaminophen Dosage

Determining the right dose of acetaminophen for your child is crucial. How should parents approach this task?

The most accurate method is to base the dosage on your child’s weight rather than age. Always refer to the product label and consult the following guidelines:

• For children under 2 years: Always consult a doctor before administering acetaminophen.
• For children 2-11 years: Follow the weight-based dosing chart provided with the medication.
• Never exceed 5 doses in 24 hours.

Remember, these are general guidelines. Always consult your pediatrician or pharmacist if you’re unsure about the correct dosage for your child.

Recognizing and Avoiding Acetaminophen Overdose

What are the risks associated with giving too much acetaminophen to a child? An overdose can lead to severe liver damage and, in rare cases, even death. It’s crucial to be vigilant and avoid this potentially dangerous situation.

How can parents prevent acetaminophen overdose?

• Always measure doses accurately using the provided tool.
• Keep a log of when doses are given to avoid accidental double-dosing.
• Store medication out of children’s reach to prevent accidental ingestion.
• Be aware of other medications that may contain acetaminophen to avoid unintentional overdosing.

If you suspect an overdose, what should you do? Immediately contact your local poison control center or seek emergency medical attention. Quick action can be lifesaving in these situations.

Special Considerations for Infants and Toddlers

When it comes to very young children, extra caution is necessary. What specific guidelines should parents follow for infants and toddlers?

For infants 3 months or younger with a rectal temperature of 100.4°F (38°C) or higher, immediate medical attention is crucial. Contact your doctor or visit the emergency department without delay.

For children between 3 months and 3 years old with a fever of 102.2°F (39°C) or higher, consult your pediatrician to determine if an examination is necessary.

Why is it essential to be extra cautious with young children? Their small body size makes them more susceptible to medication errors, and their developing systems may react differently to medications compared to older children or adults.

Alternative Formulations and Flavor Options

What if your child refuses to take acetaminophen due to its taste? Fortunately, manufacturers have developed various flavored options to make the medicine more palatable for children. Some common flavors include:

• Cherry
• Grape
• Bubblegum
• Strawberry

If your child is sensitive to dyes, are there alternatives available? Yes, many brands offer dye-free versions of acetaminophen. These formulations provide the same medicinal benefits without the added coloring agents that some children may react to.

For children who have difficulty swallowing liquid medication or tablets, what other options exist? Rectal suppositories can be an effective alternative, especially when a child is experiencing nausea or vomiting.

When to Seek Medical Advice

While acetaminophen is generally safe when used as directed, there are situations where professional medical advice is necessary. When should parents consult a healthcare provider before giving acetaminophen to their child?

• For any child under 2 years of age
• If your child has a pre-existing liver condition
• When your child is taking other medications that may interact with acetaminophen
• If your child’s symptoms persist or worsen despite acetaminophen administration
• When you’re unsure about the correct dosage for your child’s weight

Why is it crucial to seek medical advice in these situations? Healthcare providers can offer personalized guidance based on your child’s specific health status and needs, ensuring the safest and most effective use of acetaminophen.

Recognizing Signs of Adverse Reactions

While rare, some children may experience adverse reactions to acetaminophen. What symptoms should parents watch for?

• Rash or hives
• Swelling of the face, tongue, or throat
• Difficulty breathing
• Severe nausea or vomiting
• Unusual tiredness or weakness

If you notice any of these symptoms after giving your child acetaminophen, what should you do? Discontinue use immediately and seek medical attention. These could be signs of an allergic reaction or other serious complication.

Proper Storage and Disposal of Acetaminophen

Ensuring the safety and efficacy of acetaminophen extends beyond proper administration. How should parents store this medication?

• Keep it in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight
• Store it out of reach of children, preferably in a locked cabinet
• Keep the medication in its original container with the label intact
• Check the expiration date regularly and dispose of expired medication properly

What’s the correct way to dispose of unused or expired acetaminophen? To prevent accidental ingestion or environmental contamination, follow these steps:

1. Remove the medication from its original container
2. Mix it with an undesirable substance like used coffee grounds or kitty litter
3. Place the mixture in a sealed plastic bag
4. Throw the bag in your household trash
5. Remove or obscure all personal information on the empty medication container before disposing of it

Why is proper disposal so important? It prevents accidental ingestion by children or pets and helps protect the environment from pharmaceutical contamination.

Understanding the Limitations of Acetaminophen

While acetaminophen is an effective tool for managing pain and fever in children, it’s essential to understand its limitations. What can’t acetaminophen do?

• It doesn’t treat the underlying cause of fever or pain
• It’s not an anti-inflammatory medication
• It doesn’t help with congestion or other cold symptoms

Why is it important to recognize these limitations? Understanding what acetaminophen can and can’t do helps parents make informed decisions about their child’s health care. It also prevents overreliance on the medication when other interventions might be necessary.

Complementary Care Measures

What other steps can parents take to support their child’s comfort and recovery when using acetaminophen?

• Ensure adequate hydration
• Provide rest and a comfortable environment
• Use cool compresses for fever
• Offer light, easily digestible foods
• Monitor symptoms and overall condition

How do these measures complement the effects of acetaminophen? They support the body’s natural healing processes and can enhance the comfort provided by the medication, potentially leading to faster recovery.

Educating Children About Medication Safety

As children grow older, it becomes important to involve them in understanding medication safety. How can parents approach this topic with their children?

• Explain that medicines are not candy and should only be taken when necessary
• Teach them to always ask an adult before taking any medication
• Discuss the importance of following dosage instructions
• Encourage them to ask questions about their health and any medications they’re taking

Why is it crucial to educate children about medication safety? It helps prevent accidental overdoses and fosters a responsible attitude towards health management from an early age.

Age-Appropriate Involvement in Medication Administration

How can parents involve children in the process of taking medication as they grow older?

• For younger children: Allow them to choose which flavor of medication they prefer
• For school-age children: Teach them how to read medication labels and understand dosage instructions
• For teenagers: Gradually increase their responsibility in managing their own medication schedule, under parental supervision

What are the benefits of involving children in this process? It promotes a sense of responsibility for their own health, improves medication adherence, and prepares them for independent health management in adulthood.

Acetaminophen in the Context of Overall Health Management

While acetaminophen can be an effective tool for managing pain and fever, it’s important to view it as part of a broader approach to child health. How does acetaminophen fit into overall health management?

• It’s a symptomatic treatment, not a cure for underlying conditions
• It should be used in conjunction with other appropriate medical care
• Regular check-ups and preventive care are still crucial for maintaining child health

Why is it important to maintain this perspective? It helps parents avoid over-reliance on medication and encourages a holistic approach to child health that includes proper nutrition, regular exercise, adequate sleep, and timely medical check-ups.

The Role of Acetaminophen in Chronic Conditions

For children with chronic health conditions, how should acetaminophen use be approached?

• Always consult with the child’s healthcare provider about appropriate use
• Be aware of potential interactions with other medications
• Monitor long-term use carefully to prevent potential side effects
• Consider alternative pain management strategies when appropriate

Why is specialized guidance important for children with chronic conditions? These children may have unique health needs that require a tailored approach to pain and fever management, potentially involving careful coordination of various medications and treatments.

How to Safely Give Acetaminophen (for Parents)

Acetaminophen (uh-see-tuh-MI-nuh-fen) is an over-the-counter medicine taken to relieve fever and pain. It’s a safe drug when used correctly for a wide variety of problems. But too high a dose can make a child very sick. Giving too much can lead to liver damage and, in rare cases, even death. So it’s important to know how to properly give acetaminophen.

If you have any questions about giving acetaminophen to your child, ask your doctor or pharmacist. Never give this or any other kind of medicine to a child younger than 2 years old without getting a doctor’s OK first.

What Is Acetaminophen Also Called?

Acetaminophen is the generic name of this drug. In some other countries, acetaminophen is known as paracetamol. Many generic brands of acetaminophen are available.

The most common brand name for this medicine is Tylenol®, but it is also sold under the names Panadol®, FeverAll®, and Tempra®.

What Types of Acetaminophen Are Available?

For kids, this medicine is available in oral suspensions (liquid form) and also chewable tablets. Chewable tablets are best for children 6 years of age and older. Rectal suppositories (FeverAll® or Tempra®) are available for children who have trouble taking medicine by mouth or can’t keep medicines down due to vomiting.

Tylenol® makes Infants’ Tylenol® (“drops”) and Children’s Tylenol® oral suspensions, as well as Jr. Tylenol® chewable tablets. Many generic brands of acetaminophen are available in similar forms.

Tylenol® and other brands that make infant drops used to offer them in a more concentrated formula, which was 80 mg/0.8 ml per dose. These drops were taken off the market because babies were getting sick after parents mistakenly gave too much medicine while using kitchen teaspoons or measuring cups from Children’s Tylenol®. If you have Infants’ Tylenol® or a similar product in the 80 mg strength, throw it away and do not give it to your child. The new infant drops have the same concentration as Children’s Tylenol® (160 mg/5 ml per dose).

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Giving Acetaminophen

Refer to the following dosage charts for the correct dosage of acetaminophen.

Other things to know:

• Check the expiration date to make sure it’s not expired. If it is, throw the medicine away and buy a new product. For proper disposal, remove the medicine from its original container and place it in an undesirable substance that children or animals wouldn’t be tempted to eat, like coffee grounds or kitty litter. Then, put it in a sealable bag inside a garbage can.
• Make sure your child isn’t already taking medicines with acetaminophen in them. Acetaminophen is a very common ingredient in cough, cold, and allergy medicines. If your child is taking one, talk to your doctor or pharmacist before giving your child more acetaminophen. Too much acetaminophen can damage a child’s liver.
• Check the concentration and recommended dosage. Give your child a dose from the dropper, syringe, or cup that came with the product. This will help ensure that your child gets the right amount of milliliters, or ml (also called cc, or cubic centimeters), and doesn’t overdose. Never use a measuring spoon from the kitchen or a cup or dropper from a different product. Chewables are not recommended for children younger than 2 years old due to the risk of choking.
• When giving for a fever, consider the child’s temperature and age. If you have an infant 3 months or younger with a rectal temperature of 100.4°F (38°C) or higher, call your doctor or go to the emergency department immediately. If your child is between 3 months and 3 years old and has a fever of 102.2°F (39°C) or higher, call your doctor to find out if he or she needs to see your child.
• If your child spits up or vomits up a dose of acetaminophen within the first 20 minutes, it’s usually safe to give your child another dose (check with a doctor if you’re unsure). If your child holds the first dose down for longer than 20 minutes before spitting up, you should wait 4 hours or more before giving your child another dose.
• Give acetaminophen every 4 to 6 hours as needed, but never give your child more than five doses in 24 hours.
• If your child doesn’t like the flavor, you can try a product with a different flavoring.
• If your child is sensitive to dyes, use a dye-free type of acetaminophen.

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Acetaminophen Dosages By Weight

Doctors recommend using a child’s weight instead of age when figuring out how much medicine to give. Before giving your child a dose, check the label to make sure the recommended dosage and concentration agree with the numbers below.

This table is based on doctors’ and the manufacturers’ recommendations. It is not intended to replace the advice of a doctor. If your child is 2 years old or younger, get the OK from your health care professional before giving the medicine. And always call if you have any questions or concerns about giving medicine.

Acetaminophen Toxicity in Children and Adolescents: Prevention

What is acetaminophen and acetaminophen toxicity in children?

Acetaminophen (brand name Tylenol®) is a common over-the-counter (OTC) pain reliever and fever reducer for both children and adults. With the right dose, acetaminophen is very safe. Children are often prescribed acetaminophen for pain and fever reduction rather than aspirin because of the risk of Reye’s syndrome.

But if a person of any age takes more than the recommended dose of acetaminophen the result can be acetaminophen toxicity. This is a dangerous situation. The liver can’t process excessive doses of the medication. If a child takes too much acetaminophen (or takes the recommended amount for too long) toxins can build up in their body. This toxicity can cause vomiting, liver damage and death. It’s important to deal with the situation quickly.

What is the correct dose of acetaminophen for children?

Every child’s dosage may be different. Among other factors, your child’s dosage depends on

• Your child’s weight and age.
• What form the acetaminophen is taken (for example, liquid or pill).
• What other medications your child may be taking.

You and your healthcare provider will determine the right dose for your child.

Remember that any other prescription and OTC medications (such as cold medicines) also contain acetaminophen. Be sure to read the label of cold, sinus and other OTC medicines carefully to see how much acetaminophen (if any) it contains.

Always note your child’s dosage when you give them acetaminophen.

How common is acetaminophen toxicity in children?

Acetaminophen overdoses and toxicity are common. Anyone can have an adverse reaction to an overdose of acetaminophen. Every year in the United States, about 50,000 emergency room visits are due to Tylenol overdose or acetaminophen toxicity. Acetaminophen poisoning is a common cause of liver damage (hepatotoxicity).

Certain groups of people are more vulnerable to liver damage than others. Children and adolescents who already have liver disease or hepatitis A, B, or C are more likely to have severe symptoms after taking too much acetaminophen. Their livers struggle to process the medication, which can lead to liver failure.

How does a child get acetaminophen toxicity?

The liver acts as a filter for the body. It processes drugs and detoxifies substances in your system. Your child’s liver can stop working if it processes (metabolizes) too much of a medicine or has to metabolize it for too long. Acetaminophen toxicity occurs when your child:

• Exceeds the recommended dosage or takes multiple doses too close together.
• Takes the recommended amount too many days in a row.

What are the symptoms of acetaminophen toxicity in children?

Symptoms of acetaminophen overdose don’t appear right away. There may be no symptoms at all for up to 24 hours following an overdose. It’s important to note the time your child takes their acetaminophen, and in what form (liquid, tablet, capsule, time-release capsule/tablet) it was taken.

Some symptoms of acetaminophen toxicity are:

• Continued nausea, vomiting, pain in the right side of the abdomen under the ribs, loss of appetite, tiredness.
• Dark or bloody urine, or reduced amount or frequency of urine.
• Confusion, sleepiness and loss of consciousness.
• Skin and eyes that appear yellow (jaundice).
• Breathing problems.
• Blurry vision.

If you notice any of these symptoms in your child and you suspect an acetaminophen overdose, call an emergency number or go to the nearest emergency room right away. Call your local emergency number (such as 911), or your local poison control center, which can be reached through the national toll-free poison help hotline (1-800-222-1222).

How is acetaminophen toxicity in children diagnosed?

Your provider will examine your child and ask you about recent medications as far as how much was ingested, the approximate time it was taken, and the type of formulation (liquid, tablet, time-release capsule/tablet). To confirm a diagnosis of an acetaminophen overdose, blood tests are taken. These blood tests check:

• Levels of acetaminophen in the blood.
• Liver function, to determine how well the liver is working.

What do I do if my child has acetaminophen toxicity?

If your child has symptoms of an acetaminophen overdose after taking the medication, or you suspect an accidental overdose, seek emergency medical treatment immediately. Call local emergency (911) or your local poison control center, which can be reached through the national toll-free poison help hotline (1-800-222-1222).

What are the treatments for acetaminophen toxicity?

Treatment depends on when your child took the unsafe dose of acetaminophen. Based on when the overdose occurred, treatment may include:

• Pumping the stomach: If the overdose happened less than 30 minutes before seeking treatment, doctors might try to empty your child’s stomach using a tube inserted through the mouth. This procedure is called gastric lavage. It is only effective immediately following the overdose.
• Activated charcoal: Within 4 hours of the overdose, doctors may give your child a substance called activated charcoal (a powder mixed into a liquid). Activated charcoal works by binding toxic chemicals in the gastrointestinal tract. These chemicals then can pass through the intestines and exit the body without being absorbed.
• N-acetylcysteine (NAC): This medication can prevent liver damage after an acetaminophen overdose. It cannot reverse liver damage. Your child’s doctor may give this medication by mouth or through a vein (IV). It is most effective within 8 hours of the acetaminophen overdose. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) can cause nausea and vomiting. Your child will need to take several doses of NAC over 72 hours. The dosage depends on the level of acetaminophen in your child’s blood.
• Liver transplant: If liver damage is too severe, your child may need a liver transplant. Your doctor will explain the details of the process.

What are the complications associated with acetaminophen toxicity?

An acetaminophen overdose is a life-threatening emergency. If it isn’t treated soon after the overdose, it can lead to:

• Jaundice, a condition in which eyes and skin turn yellow because the liver cannot process toxins effectively.
• Severe liver damage and liver failure.
• Kidney failure.
• Pancreatitis (swelling of the pancreas).
• Death.

What can I do to help relieve symptoms of acetaminophen toxicity in children?

If you believe your child has taken more than the recommended dose of acetaminophen, call 911 or your local poison control center, which can be reached through the national toll-free poison help hotline (1-800-222-1222). Get treatment as soon as possible after your child took the medication.

How can you prevent acetaminophen toxicity in children?

To prevent an acetaminophen overdose, follow dosage instructions carefully. Talk to your child’s provider about the right dose based on your child’s weight and age. Don’t give more than one product that contains acetaminophen at the same time.

Other ways to prevent acetaminophen toxicity include:

• Keep medications out of reach. Store medicines away from children. Always make sure to close childproof lids.
• Read labels. Do not exceed dosage instructions. Some liquid forms of acetaminophen have different concentrations of the drug, so be sure to read labeling for each individual product. Talk to your healthcare provider if you have questions about how much to give.
• Avoid a double dose. Many medications (such as cold medicines) combine acetaminophen with other drugs. Read labels to see if acetaminophen is already in the medicine.
• Follow your provider’s orders. Don’t give your child acetaminophen longer than your provider recommends. Don’t give doses too close together, and always follow dosage instructions. With the liquid form of the medicine, use the measuring device included with the package to give the correct dose.
• Write dosage information down. Write down when the medicine was given and how much was given.
• Measure out the medicine in a well-lit area. Don’t give medicine in a darkened room. It increases the risk of giving a wrong dose.

What is the outlook for children who have acetaminophen toxicity?

The prognosis depends on how much acetaminophen the child took and how soon treatment started after the overdose. Children who receive fast treatment after acetaminophen poisoning have a much higher chance of recovering without long-term health problems, such as liver damage.

When should I call a healthcare provider about acetaminophen toxicity?

Acetaminophen toxicity is a life-threatening emergency. If you believe your child has taken an unsafe dose of acetaminophen, you should call 911, go to the emergency room or immediately call a poison control center. If you don’t know the number, it can be reached through the national toll-free poison help hotline (1-800-222-1222).

Tylenol Side Effects | Complications & Acetaminophen Risks

Tylenol, also known by the generic name acetaminophen, is a prescription and over-the-counter (OTC) drug commonly used by adults and children to relieve pain and reduce fever. It’s also a common ingredient in prescription painkillers, such as Lortab and Percocet, and many over-the-counter flu and cold remedies.

When used as directed, acetaminophen is well tolerated by most people and side effects are rare.

Side effects of Tylenol (acetaminophen) may include:

• Nausea
• Headache
• Stomach pain
• Rash

Occasionally, the drug can cause serious side effects, including severe skin reactions and allergic reactions. Large doses of Tylenol can initially trigger stomach cramps and nausea before physical conditions quickly deteriorate, leading to liver injury, liver failure and death.

Use of the drug during pregnancy has also been called into question, but more research is needed.

High Doses Lead to Liver Damage

Liver damage is the most serious side effect of acetaminophen and it can be fatal. Liver damage can occur when a person exceeds the maximum daily dose of 4,000 milligrams — but it’s also been known to occur in some people at even lower doses.

In 2011, McNeil Consumer Healthcare, the manufacturer of Tylenol, reduced the maximum daily doses and increased the dosing interval on the labeling of some of their over-the-counter products used in older pediatric patients (usually children ≥12 years and adolescents) and adults in an attempt to protect patients from unintentional overdoses and subsequent liver damage.

For example, the maximum daily dose of Extra Strength Tylenol and Regular Strength Tylenol were decreased to 3,000 mg/day and 3,250 mg/day respectively, and the dosing interval for Extra Strength Tylenol was increased. Providers may still prescribe or recommend the 4 g adult daily maximum to patients ≥12 years of age (but are advised to use their own discretion and clinical judgment).

Several people have filed lawsuits claiming liver failure after taking a recommended dose. One reason some experts warn about the dangers of Tylenol is the fine line between the recommended dose and the dose at which the drug becomes toxic.

The maximum safe oral daily dose for children is weight-based at 75 mg/kg per day. Using that guideline, a 40-pound child could safely consume two 160 milligram Children’s Tylenol tablets up to four times in a 24-hour period.

Severe damage can be swift, occurring in as little as 24 hours — and the problem is so common that acetaminophen poisoning is the nation’s leading cause of acute liver failure. Combining the drug with alcohol can raise the risk of liver damage.

“Use of Tylenol, particularly with alcohol, can readily cause hepatitis and liver failure,” Dr. Joel Weinstock, professor and chief of the division of gastroenterology and hepatology at Tufts New England Medical Center in Boston, told ABC News. “This [liver failure] happens frequently. Some of these patients will require [a] liver transplant because the damage to the liver is so severe.”

Overdose Signs and Acute Liver Failure

The initial signs and symptoms of an overdose include diarrhea, sweating and a loss of appetite. Vomiting, stomach cramps and abdominal pain are common. Because the liver is located in the upper right quadrant of the abdomen, a person may experience pain, swelling and tenderness in that region.

There are four distinct phases of Tylenol-induced poisoning. It is critical to seek help immediately if you experience any of the following symptoms because complete liver failure can occur within 72 hours of ingesting the drug.

Phase I

This occurs in the first 24 hours after an overdose. People usually experience nausea, tiredness (fatigue), anorexia, vomiting, paleness (pallor) and excessive sweating (diaphoresis).

Phase II

In the next 18 to 72 hours, patients may develop right-upper quadrant abdominal pain. Nausea and vomiting continue. In addition, fast heartbeat and low blood pressure may be present.

Phase III

This phase begins about 72 to 96 hours after ingesting the drug. Symptoms of liver failure or liver damage include jaundice, hypoglycemia (low blood sugar), bleeding (coagulopathy) and loss of brain function from toxins. Multiple organ failure and death may also occur at this stage.

Phase IV

Patients who survive Phase III spend this time in recovery. This phase lasts four days to three weeks. Symptoms resolve during this period.

How Acetaminophen Causes Liver Failure

The drug is primarily metabolized, or broken down, in the liver. Under normal conditions, the liver eliminates acetaminophen and its byproducts, sulfate and glucuronide, without a problem.

By themselves, these compounds are not harmful. But when too much acetaminophen builds up in the liver, the pathways to eliminate these compounds can overload. When this happens, the body uses another pathway in the liver, called the cytochrome P-450 system, to remove these byproducts.

P-450 processes these byproducts but creates a toxic compound called NAPQI. Too much NAPQI causes liver damage.

While some cases of Tylenol poisoning are purposeful, many are not. Acetaminophen is a common ingredient in many medications, including a number of narcotic painkillers and flu and cold medications sold over the counter. As a result, people sometimes take far more than the maximum daily dose without even realizing it.

“We see unintentional overdoses when people combine multiple products with acetaminophen, such as Nyquil and Tylenol. ”

People who drink alcohol or take certain medications, such as anti-seizure or anti-tuberculosis drugs, in combination with acetaminophen products also face a greater risk of liver damage.

Treatment

It is critical to seek treatment immediately in the case of a Tylenol overdose. If an overdose is suspected and the patient seeks medical attention promptly, most doctors will pump (gastric lavage) the patient’s stomach to remove the fragments of the pills. Blood tests can assess whether liver damage exists. In these cases, an antidote called N-acetylcysteine (NAC) may be administered.

N-acetylcysteine works by reducing acetaminophen absorption in the body. Studies show that it reduces absorption by as much as 30 percent. If the patient presents for treatment within one hour of taking the drug, oral activated charcoal may be given in conjunction with NAC. Charcoal slows the absorption of the drug in the stomach.

If the antidote is administered within eight hours of ingestion, the patient has a good chance of surviving and protecting the liver from further damage. However, if a patient is unaware they overdosed, the situation becomes dire: liver failure usually occurs within two to three days of the overdose.

Patients with severe symptoms will be admitted into the hospital for monitoring. By the time the patient reaches the final stages of liver failure, the only treatment to prevent death is an immediate liver transplant.

Potentially Deadly Skin Reactions

In August 2013, the FDA released a safety warning about Tylenol and rare, dangerous skin reactions. These reactions can occur with first-time use of acetaminophen or at any time while it is being used.

Potential skin reactions with acetaminophen include:

• Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS)
• 
  Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN)
• 
  Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP)

Signs and symptoms of SJS and TENS include flu-like symptoms and a red or purple rash that spreads and blisters. The mucous membranes are frequently affected. Eventually, the blisters erupt and cause the skin to detach from the body. The conditions are extremely painful and can lead to blindness and death.

AGEP is less serious. It causes small pustules to erupt usually on the trunk and in body folds and sometimes on the face. AGEP often resolves after the patient stops taking Tylenol, usually within two weeks.

Did You Know?

Between 1969 and 2012, the FDA identified 91 cases of Stevens-Johnson Syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis and 16 cases of acute generalized exanthematous pustolosis associated with acetaminophen. The reactions led to 67 hospitalizations and 12 deaths.

The FDA required a warning be added to the labels of prescription drug products containing acetaminophen to address the risk of serious skin reactions. It also requested that manufacturers add a warning about serious skin reactions to the product labels of OTC acetaminophen drug products.

ADHD Link Not Proven

Some studies have raised concerns that use of acetaminophen during pregnancy may lead to the development of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and other behavioral problems, but the findings are not conclusive

A 2014 study in JAMA looked at more than 64,000 children who were born in Denmark between 1996 and 2002. The study found a small increase in ADHD among the children of moms who’d used the painkiller while pregnant.

Those who were exposed to the drug in utero were 1.3 times more likely to have a hyperkinetic disorder, which is usually marked by inattention, overactivity and impulsivity during a child’s first five years.

They were 1.29 times more likely to use ADHD medications and 1. 13 times as likely to exhibit ADHD behaviors by age seven. Stronger associations were noted when a woman used the drug more frequently, or in more than one trimester.

Other studies have produced similar findings. A 2017 study in the journal Pediatrics found that children were 2.2 times more likely to develop ADHD when their mother has used acetaminophen for more than 29 days during pregnancy. Interestingly, use of the drug by both mothers and fathers showed similar associations with ADHD in offspring.

While the link between paternal use of Tylenol and ADHD in children could not be explained, there are several theories for how ingestion of the drug by mother’s can impact their child.

One theory is that acetaminophen causes abnormal hormonal exposures that affect the developing fetal brain. Another suggests that acetaminophen causes oxidative stress that interferes with brain development and kills brain cells.

Thus far, the FDA says the potential connection between Tylenol use during pregnancy and ADHD is “inconclusive. ”

A spokesperson for Johnson & Johnson, which makes Tylenol, told the New York Times it wasn’t aware of any causal link and said patients should discuss the risks and benefits of the drug with their physician.

According to the Cleveland Clinic, short-term use of the drug during pregnancy of less than eight days does not appear to increase risks. Cleveland Clinic obstetrician-gynecologist Dr. Salena Zanotti says the drug is still the “safest known drug” for expectant mothers with fever and pain — and that it’s riskier not to treat a fever than to take Tylenol.

Tylenol Poisoning (Acetometophen Overdose)

Acetaminophen (Tylenol) Poisoning Overview

Acetaminophen is one of the most common medications found in households. It is used for the treatment of pain and to lower fever.

Over many years, it has been used countless times by many people, and it has proven to be a safe and effective medication. However, if taken in excess amounts (overdose, whether on purpose or by accident), acetaminophen can cause life-threatening illness. Unless otherwise directed by your care provider, the usual maximum recommended dose is 3 grams in 24 hours.

Acetaminophen is the active ingredient in Tylenol. It is also found in many other over-the-counter medications and in prescription drugs. Acetaminophen is in Actifed, Alka-Seltzer Plus, Benadryl, Co-Gesic, Contac, Excedrin, Fioricet, Lortab, Midrin, Norco, Percocet, Robitussin, Sedapap, Sinutab, Sudafed, TheraFlu, Unisom PM Pain, Vick’s Nyquil and DayQuil, Vicodin, and Zydone.

Acetaminophen in overdose can seriously damage the liver. If the damage is severe, a liver transplant may be necessary in order to save someone’s life.

The antidote to acetaminophen overdose is N-acetylcysteine (NAC). It is most effective when given within eight hours of ingesting acetaminophen. Indeed, NAC can prevent liver failure if given early enough. For this reason, it is absolutely necessary that acetaminophen poisoning be recognized, diagnosed, and treated as early as possible.

Acetaminophen (Tylenol) Poisoning Causes

Illness from acetaminophen overdose is caused primarily by liver damage.

Acetaminophen is primarily metabolized by the liver. Too much acetaminophen can overwhelm the way the liver normally functions.

If the liver is already damaged because of infection, alcohol abuse, or other illness, a person may be more susceptible to damage from acetaminophen overdose. For this reason, people with liver illnesses or people who chronically consume large amounts of alcohol should be particularly careful when taking acetaminophen and should consult their doctor prior to taking acetaminophen compounds. The FDA currently recommends that anyone taking medications that contain acetaminophen should not drink alcoholic beverages.

Long-term use of acetaminophen in recommended doses has not been shown to be harmful to the liver.

Acetaminophen (Tylenol) Poisoning Symptoms

Soon after taking an overdose of acetaminophen, you may have no symptoms from taking a toxic amount. You may remain symptom-free for up to 24 hours after taking a toxic overdose of acetaminophen.

After this initial period, the following symptoms are common:

When to Seek Medical Care

You must call a doctor, a poison control center, or emergency medical services for any suspected acetaminophen overdose.

Overall it is important that anyone suspected to have taken an overdose of acetaminophen get treatment early, before symptoms occur. Starting treatment early can greatly improve the outcome.

Seek emergency medical care at a hospital’s emergency department in the following situations:

If the person suspected to have taken an overdose of acetaminophen is unconscious, semiconscious, or not breathing, call 911 immediately.

Go to the hospital’s emergency department if the poison control center tells you to go.

Seek emergency care if you are unsure of the types and amounts of medication taken.

If a child took acetaminophen without adult supervision and may have taken an overdose, seek immediate medical attention.

Exams and Tests

Your doctor will diagnose acetaminophen overdose with the following methods:

• History. The doctor will attempt to determine the time and amount of acetaminophen taken. Having access to all medication bottles that the person may have taken will help the doctor to determine the maximum amount taken.
• Physical. The doctor will look for signs and symptoms of acetaminophen poisoning. These may include jaundice (yellow skin), abdominal pain, vomiting, and other signs and symptoms.
• Laboratory tests. A blood level of acetaminophen will aid in determining if a toxic dose was taken. The doctor may order more than one blood level of acetaminophen and test for other drugs taken. In addition, the doctor may order other blood and urine tests as needed.

Acetaminophen (Tylenol) Poisoning Treatment

Self-Care at Home

If you or a member of your household has taken or may have taken an overdose of acetaminophen, take quick action.

• If the person is unconscious or not breathing, call 911 immediately for emergency medical services.
• If the person is awake and breathing without symptoms, call your local poison control center or the American Association of Poison Control Centers at (800) 222-1222.

The following information is helpful for both medical personnel and a poison control center:

• All medication that the person has taken, both prescribed and nonprescribed (have the bottles close)
• All medications that are available in the house, prescribed and nonprescribed
• The time that the person took the medication

Medical Treatment

Treatment in the emergency department depends on the condition of the person and any other medications taken.

If someone is suspected of having taken an overdose but has no symptoms, the doctor will begin the following treatment:

• Emptying of the stomach. In the very few cases in which a person comes to the hospital minutes after taking the overdose, the doctor may attempt to empty the stomach by running a tube through the mouth into the stomach.
• Activated charcoal.Activated charcoal should be given by mouth within 4 hours of the overdose to bind any drug remaining in the gastrointestinal tract.
• N-acetylcysteine (NAC). NAC is the antidote for toxic acetaminophen overdose. It is generally given by mouth. The medication has a foul odor but may be mixed with juice or other flavorings to make it taste better. If the person cannot take NAC by mouth, a tube may be placed through the mouth and into the stomach to help administer it. If giving NAC by this method is not possible, the doctor may give it by IV. NAC should be given within 8 hours of ingestion, and is generally given for 20 hours to 72 hours.

Next Steps

Follow-up

After being discharged from the hospital or doctor’s office, you may be asked to return for an examination or blood tests to check the condition of your liver and your general health. Your doctor may instruct you to avoid alcohol and certain medications.

Prevention

You can take these steps to avoid acetaminophen overdose:

• Always securely close acetaminophen containers and use child-proof bottles. Keep all medication out of the reach of children and securely locked up.
• Know the correct dose of acetaminophen and the amount of acetaminophen in the preparation you are using. If taken in recommended doses, there is no risk of poisoning from acetaminophen. In fact, to prevent accidental overdose, the maker of Extra-Strength Tylenol brand acetaminophen has reduced the maximum dose from 8 pills (4,000 milligrams) to 6 pills (3,000 milligrams) a day. Also, the FDA has asked drug companies to limit the amount of acetaminophen in prescription medications to 325 milligrams per dose.
• Never mix different medications if both medications contain acetaminophen, except if instructed to do so by your doctor. For example, acetaminophen with codeine and cold medicine containing acetaminophen should not be taken together. Read product labels. They clearly indicate the contents.

If you or a family member is depressed and suicidal, remove all medications and dangerous substances from the house and seek medical attention immediately.

If you are unsure about how and when to take pain medications, ask your doctor for a plan. Write down this plan and follow it.

• When you are given a new medication, always make sure the doctor knows all of the medication and supplements that you are taking, both prescribed and nonprescribed. The easiest way to do this is to keep a written list of medications and supplements and go over it with your doctor.

• Do not take acetaminophen if you consume alcoholic beverages.

Outlook

The outcome for someone who has an acetaminophen overdose depends largely on three factors: the amount of acetaminophen ingested, the timing of emergency treatment, and the initial general health of the person.

If a toxic dose is taken and emergency treatment is delayed, liver failure may follow. Liver failure may mean that a liver transplant is needed to prevent death. Alternatively, if treatment of a toxic overdose is begun early, the person may recover with no long-term health problems.

Treating Dehydration in Children

Call 911 if your child:

• Is less than 1 month old
• Has extreme lethargy
• Has skin that doesn’t bounce back when pinched
• Is breathing fast
• Is confused

Dehydration is a risk in babies and toddlers, especially if they have vomiting, diarrhea, or fever. Take signs of dehydration seriously.

Call Doctor If:

• You are worried that your child may be dehydrated.
• Your child has been vomiting for more than 12 hours or is unable to tolerate small amounts of liquids without vomiting.
• Your child has had diarrhea for more than 24 hours.
• You see signs of dehydration like dry diapers or no urine for eight hours, dry lips, sunken soft spot on the head, and crying with no tears.

1. Cool Off

• If your child has been in the sun or heat, get into a cool place.
• Dress your child in cool, lightweight clothing. This will also help if they have a fever.

2. Offer Fluids

• Give fluids in small amounts. Avoid juice or soda, opting for ice chips instead. If the child vomits afterward, wait 20 to 30 minutes and give the fluids again. If a child has vomited two or more times, call your pediatrician.
• If your infant is breastfeeding, continue to nurse your baby. Let them nurse more often and for a shorter amount of time.
• Your pediatrician may want you to give your baby small amounts of oral electrolyte solution. Check the amount with your doctor.
• Give toddlers about 1 tablespoon of oral electrolyte solution, ice chips, water, ice pops, or clear broth every 15 minutes.

3. Go Slowly

• Encourage your child to take small frequent sips instead of drinking a lot at once.
• Offer Popsicles made with rehydration solution.

4. Observe Your Child

• If your child’s symptoms aren’t getting better, or your child continues to vomit, call your pediatrician or go to the emergency room.
• If your child is vomiting, do not give them acetaminophen (Tylenol) or ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin). Don’t give aspirin to a child under 16 years old.

What Happens if you Take Too Much Acetaminophen?

Flu sufferers looking for relief may turn to medicines containing acetaminophen, a pain-relieving drug like Tylenol, to reduce their fever and ease their symptoms. When used as directed, acetaminophen is safe and effective, but taking too much can lead to severe liver damage and potentially death.

“More than 600 medications, both prescription and over-the-counter, contain the active ingredient acetaminophen,” says Jeffrey Folk, M.D., chief medical officer at Piedmont Newnan. “People who take more than one medicine at a time may be putting themselves at risk for an acetaminophen overdose. ”

What are the symptoms of an acetaminophen overdose?

Symptoms of an acetaminophen overdose may mimic flu or cold symptoms. Early signs within the first 24 hours can include:

• Cramping

• Fatigue

• Loss of appetite

• Nausea

• Stomach pain

• Sweating

• Vomiting

Worsening symptoms include:

If you notice signs of an overdose, call your local poison control center or 911 immediately.

“Acetaminophen overdose is one of the most common poisonings worldwide,” says Dr. Folk. “It accounts for more than 56,000 emergency room visits, 26,000 hospitalizations and an estimated 458 deaths due to acute liver failure each year, with the highest rate among patients aged 15 to 24.”

How to use acetaminophen safely

The Acetaminophen Awareness Coalition recommends these four steps to use acetaminophen safely:

1. Always read and follow the medication’s instruction label. Never take more medicine than the label indicates.

2. Know if your medicines contain acetaminophen. “It is important to check the active ingredients listed on the labels of all your medicines to see if they contain acetaminophen (sometimes listed as ‘APAP,’ ‘Acetam,’ or other shortened versions of the word),” Dr. Folk says. “Also, ask your healthcare provider or pharmacist if your medicine contains acetaminophen as the active ingredient.”

3. Take only one medicine at a time that contains acetaminophen. You can take too much acetaminophen if you use more than one medicine that contains acetaminophen at the same time. Do not exceed the recommended dose on any product containing acetaminophen.

4. Ask your healthcare provider or a pharmacist if you have questions about dosing instructions. And always inform your physician of all other medicines (over-the-counter and prescription) and supplements you take. If you have any questions when purchasing over-the-counter medications, talk to the on-site pharmacist.

Flu shots are available at Piedmont’s urgent care locations, primary care offices and Piedmont QuickCare at Walgreens locations.   

Need to make an appointment with a Piedmont physician? Save time, book online.

| TYLENOL®

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90,000 Tylenol and Alcohol | mixing alcohol and Tylenol

Tylenol and Alcohol

What happens when you mix Tylenol and alcohol

Side effects from mixing Tylenol and alcohol may include:

88 Dizziness

• Drowsiness
• Shortness of breath
• Itchy
• urticaria
• Heartbeat
• Respiratory depression
• Cardiac arrest
• Coma
• Attacks
• Death

due to their own unique genetic makeup and tolerance.It is never recommended to mix Tylenol and alcohol due to the potential for mild to moderate to severe side effects. If you have an adverse reaction to mixing Tylenol and alcohol, you should definitely go to your local emergency room.

Alcohol and Tylenol

Alcohol and Tylenol have different effects depending on the dose: many people feel agitated and strengthened at low doses of alcohol and Tylenol, and even mixing small amounts of Tylenol and alcohol is not recommended.

Mixing alcohol and tylenol

The primary effect of alcohol is influenced by an increase in the concentration of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA, which is found in the spinal cord and brain stem, and a decrease in its effect on neuronal transmitters, which are excitatory. When alcohol is combined with Tylenol, this primary effect is enhanced, increasing the stress on the body with unpredictable results.

Alcohol and Tylenol affect dopamine levels in the brain, causing both mental and physical distress.Large amounts of Tylenol and alcohol have more harmful effects, but the basic medical recommendation is that smaller doses can be just as harmful, and there is no way to know exactly how Tylenol and alcohol will affect a person before they take it.

Simultaneous Tylenol and Alcohol

People who take Tylenol and alcohol together will experience the effects of both. Technically, the specific effects and reactions that arise from frequent consumption of Tylenol and alcohol depend on whether you are consuming more alcohol versus Tylenol or more Tylenol versus alcohol.

Using significantly more Tylenol with alcohol will lead to sedation and lethargy, as well as synergistic effects resulting from mixing the two drugs.

People who use alcohol and Tylenol may experience effects such as:

• Reduced motor reflexes from Tylenol and alcohol
• Dizziness from alcohol and Tylenol
• Nausea and vomiting from Tylenol 7

8

9000

Some people may also experience great euphoria, depression, irritability, or all three.The combination of alcohol and Tylenol results in significantly more lethargy, which can easily turn into coma, attacks of respiratory depression, and death.

Alcohol versus Tylenol

Taking enough Tylenol increases the risk of heart failure. In addition, people under the influence of tylenol and alcohol may have difficulty forming new memories. With alcohol and Tylenol in the human body, they get confused and don’t understand their surroundings. Because of the synergistic properties of Tylenol, when mixed with alcohol, it can cause confusion, anxiety, depression, and other psychiatric disorders. Chronic use of Tylenol and alcohol can lead to irreversible changes in the brain.

Tylenol versus alcohol

Studies examining the effects of drugs such as Tylenol and alcohol have shown that the combination of Tylenol and alcohol dramatically increases the likelihood of parasomnia (performing tasks while sleeping).Mixing drugs can cause serious and dangerous side effects in the body, and sleep disorders are a common side effect of alcohol and Tylenol being consumed at the same time.

When a small to moderate amount of alcohol is combined with Tylenol, sleep disturbances such as sleep apnea can occur. According to the latest data from the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), most emergency room visits and hospitalizations caused by excessive alcohol use have been associated with other substances such as tylenol.

How long after taking Tylenol you can drink alcohol

To avoid residual toxicity, it is recommended to wait until Tylenol has completely cleared your system before drinking alcohol, even in small amounts.

Tylenol and alcohol overdose

Tylenol and alcohol overdose is very common and often fatal. If you overdose on Tylenol, or if you are worried after mixing {drug and alcohol}, call emergency services or go to the nearest emergency room immediately.If you are concerned about someone who has taken too much Tylenol or mixed alcohol with Tylenol, call or take a First Aid specialist for immediate medical attention. The best place for you or someone you care for in a medical emergency is medical observation. Be sure to inform the medical team that this is a mixture of Tylenol and alcohol. The combination of alcohol and Tylenol increases the likelihood of a person being transferred to intensive care.

Tylenol and alcohol

90,000 Causes, symptoms and treatment 2021

What is acetaminophen with codeine overdose?

Acetaminophen with Codeine is a prescription drug. An overdose occurs when someone takes too much of this drug. Overdose is very dangerous and can be fatal.

If you or someone you know may have overdosed, call 911 or the National Poison Control Center at 800-222-1222 immediately . Be prepared to tell first responders:

• name of medication taken
• weight and age
• , how many medicines were taken
• when the medicine was taken
• if the medicine was prescribed to the person who took it

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Names

Other names for acetaminophen with codeine

Acetaminophen with Codeine has many names.Some of them include:

• Capital and Codeine
• Codrix
• Tylenol with Codeine (No. 2, No. 3, No. 4)
• Vopac

Reasons

What causes acetaminophen with codeine overdose?

The prescribed dose of acetaminophen with codeine is based on your weight, age, and the pain you are experiencing. If you take more than what is prescribed for you, you could overdose.

If you are on too much medication, the chemicals in the drug can make you not think clearly.You can help remember when to take your medicine and how much to take:

• Take notes on the calendar
• Store Medications in Weekly Pill Organizer
• ask someone to remind you

Some people may take acetaminophen with codeine because it makes them feel high. It is not safe to use this medication. Only people who have been prescribed acetaminophen with codeine should take it, and it should always be taken as directed.

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Children

Dangers for children

Keep medicines out of the reach of children. Ask your pharmacist about baby packaging.

A nursing baby can overdose acetaminophen with codeine if their mother is taking medication. Breastfeeding mothers taking acetaminophen with codeine should consider breastfeeding their babies. If this is not possible, they should immediately call 911 or the National Poison Control Center at 800-222-1222 if their child:

• More sleepy than usual
• has difficulty breastfeeding
• has difficulty breathing
• > has pale skin

Symptoms

What are the symptoms of acetaminophen with codeine overdose?

Symptoms of acetaminophen with codeine overdose include:

• shrunken pupils
• shallow breathing
• slow breathing
• drowsiness
• heavy sweating
• cold, clammy skin
• convulsions
• nausea and vomiting
• pale skin
• coma

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Treatment

Treatment of overdose

Call 911 or the National Poison Control Center and listen carefully to their instructions.They can send emergency medical attention. Anyone who has overdosed on acetaminophen with codeine can be admitted to the hospital.

Hospital procedures include:

• activated carbon
• artificial respiration
• intravenous fluids
• tube through mouth to stomach (stomach pumping)

People who have overdosed on acetaminophen with codeine can (999)> Outlook

• Prospects for acetaminophen with codeine overdose
• The sooner you receive medical attention, the sooner you recover.Recovery may take a day or two.

If your liver is affected, it may take longer to recover. Long-term liver damage is possible because toxins are released into your system when acetaminophen is broken down into other chemicals by your liver.

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Addiction

Codeine addiction

Codeine may be habitual. Taking too much codeine can cause:

nausea

disorientation

sexual dysfunction

Long-term use may cause dependence and dependence on the drug.If you think you are addicted to codeine, you should see your doctor right away to discuss your treatment and rehabilitation options.

• Prevention
• Overdose Prevention
• To avoid overdose and protect others:

only take the medicine prescribed for you

follow your doctor’s instructions and dosage instructions

keep all medicines out of the reach of children

90,000 Difference between ibuprofen and Tylenol (drugs)

Ibuprofen versus Tylenol

From time to time, people who suffer from pain look for ways to relieve it in several ways.One alternative to relieve pain is to use pain relievers or so-called pain relievers. Over the course of countless use, this line of drugs has proven successful in providing the needed relief for various types of pain such as back pain, postoperative pain, migraine, and more. The two most widely used drugs are ibuprofen and Tylenol. Often consumers tend to classify the two drugs into the same group because of their apparent similarities in the action of both analgesics and antipyretics. However, in-depth drug research shows that there are quite a few differences between ibuprofen and Tylenol in quite different ways.

One of the obvious differences between Tylenol and ibuprofen is in their names. Ibuprofen is the generic name for pain relievers, antipyretics, and NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs). On the other hand, Tylenol is the brand name for acetaminophen, the generic name for pain reliever and antipyretic.Ibuprofen and Tylenol are classified as analgesics that help relieve aches and pains in the body, and antipyretics that help reduce fever. However, under all circumstances, Tylenol does not have the ability to reduce inflammation unlike ibuprofen. In addition, ibuprofen is significantly more effective than Tylenol in reducing pain and inflammation. Ibuprofen also has a longer lasting effect than Tylenol, so it is often used over a long period of time….

Studies show that ibuprofen is more active than tylenol in terms of its antipyretic effect. At 38 ° C and above, in the range indicating a rise in temperature, ibuprofen is faster and more effective in lowering body temperature. Tylenol can also help reduce fever, but at a much slower rate. In cases of fever, especially in pediatric practice, ibuprofen is the preferred drug choice.

In terms of their side effects, there are several differences during the course of treatment.Both drugs usually cause gastrointestinal problems such as nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. However, ibuprofen causes more side effects than Tylenol. Ibuprofen should be taken with or after meals to reduce irritation to the stomach lining. In contrast, Tylenol is milder and safer to take even without food. In this case, Tylenol is recommended for those with poor appetite, especially for the fastidious eater such as a child.

Therefore, despite fewer gastrointestinal side effects, Tylenol appears to have a greater effect on toxicity.Tylenol is known to be toxic to the liver. This is because this drug is broken down by the liver, unlike NSAIDs, which are excreted by the kidneys. Doctors often suggest giving the patient the lowest dose possible to avoid toxicity. As for the dosage, for example for a child, each dosage is 4 to 6 hours and does not exceed 5 times in 24 hours. Because ibuprofen lasts longer, the dose ranges from 6 to 8 hours and does not exceed 3 times in 24 hours.

Regardless of the type of medication, the responsible consumer should generally always consider the recommended dose.Too much is harmful. Differentiating any aspect of ibuprofen and Tylenol can help consumers meet their health care needs.

Summary:

1. Ibuprofen is the generic name for an analgesic, antipyretic and NSAID (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug). On the other hand, Tylenol is the brand name for acetaminophen, the generic name for pain reliever and antipyretic.

2. Tylenol does not have the ability to reduce inflammation under all circumstances, unlike ibuprofen.

3. Ibuprofen is significantly more effective than Tylenol in reducing pain and inflammation.

4. Ibuprofen also has a longer lasting effect than Tylenol. This is why it is often used for a long term treatment regimen.

5. At temperatures of 38 ° C and above, in the range indicating an increase in temperature, ibuprofen is faster and more effective in lowering body temperature.

6. Ibuprofen causes more side effects than Tylenol.Ibuprofen should be taken with or after meals to reduce irritation to the stomach lining. In contrast, Tylenol is milder and safer to take even without food.

7. Tylenol appears to have a greater effect on toxicity. Tylenol is known to be toxic to the liver.

8. In terms of dosage, for example for a child, each dosage is 4 to 6 hours and does not exceed 5 times in 24 hours. Because ibuprofen lasts longer, the dose ranges from 6 to 8 hours and does not exceed 3 times in 24 hours….

90,000 Medicines and substances dangerous to cats – Useful information – – Articles catalog

Medicines and substances dangerous to cats

Analgin
(metamizole) and its analogs – metabolites of this drug affect
erythrocytes and cause severe toxic anemia in cats, even fatal
outcome. It is especially unacceptable to use it if there is a suspicion of
panleukopenia. In general, in any case, it does more harm than therapeutic
effect.

Gentamicin
– very toxic to the kidneys, may
lead to kidney failure and hearing loss, prohibited for use (
and not only for cats.)
for another antibiotic.

No-shpa – can cause paresis of the hind limbs
, up to death. Therefore, it must be replaced with a Papaverine similar in properties.
Hydrochloride.

Benzyl benzoate (ointments or suspensions containing this
compound, can cause severe poisoning in cats, even with external
application)

Valerian

Iodine (even a 5% iodine solution can be dangerous for
some, especially sensitive cats, not to mention more
concentrated solutions).

Levamisole (the drug has a cholinomimetic
effect, and in case of overdose, as well as in sensitive animals, it is capable of
cause neutropenia, as well as severe intoxication).

Naphthalene (do not use it to fight moths in
the room where the cat is kept, since it, like phenothiazine, causes
haemolytic anemia in cats).

Bleach (it cannot be used for disinfection of the premises,
where the cat is kept)

Paracetamol (Panadol, Tylenol, acetaminophen, etc.) and other phenol-containing
drugs – along with salicylates, analgin and most others
NSAIDs are also toxic to cats (severely life threatening).Renders
effects on red blood cells and liver. In especially high doses, also
nephrotoxic. Poisoning symptoms appear several hours after
intake into the body and include: refusal to eat, salivation, vomiting, depression,
blood in urine, mucous membranes of gray or brown color, difficulty breathing, urine and
dark brown blood, swelling of the face and paws, death occurs in 18-36
hours. First aid: immediately induce vomiting and urgently contact
veterinary clinic. The prognosis is from cautious to unfavorable.

Amphetamines ( phenamine , etc.). Impact on the central nervous system. Death is coming
when taking 1.2 mg per kg of weight. Phenamine tablets come in 10 mg. Symptoms:
pale or reddened mucous membranes and skin, restlessness, hyperactivity,
fever, high or low blood pressure, increased respiratory and heart rate,
abnormal heart rhythms, salivation, dilated pupils, tremors, seizures,
shock, death. First aid: do not induce vomiting without a veterinarian, the patient may
lose consciousness and choke.Call your veterinarian immediately. Forecast
depends on the time of initiation of treatment.

Acetylsalicylic acid ( aspirin ). Toxic dose for cats –
22 mg per kg per day (one Bayer’s aspirin tablet contains 500 mg).
Impact: bone marrow suppression, bleeding, inflammation. processes in the liver,
och. failure, stomach ulcer. Symptoms appear after 4-6 hours:
depression, refusal to eat, vomiting – possibly with blood, pain in the abdomen,
rapid breathing, acute renal failure, weakness, coma, death.First aid: immediately induce vomiting and urgently go to the veterinarian.
Prognosis: favorable with an early start of treatment, unfavorable – if
treatment was started after the onset of symptoms of poisoning. Asprin may be prescribed
cats under the supervision of a veterinarian, in minimal doses, if absolutely necessary.
Other preparations with salicylates, etc. also toxic to cats: e.g. subsalicylate
bismuth – desmol , etc. – very toxic, salicylic ointment –
less.

Other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( ibuprofen , indomethacin ,
piroxicam , phenylbutazone / butadione , Naproxen and many
other). Veterinary: carprofen , ketoprofen ). Toxicity
depends on the drug, the least toxic of them are deliberately assigned to cats,
when there is no other choice. But, for example, ibuprofen is toxic at a dose of 40-100 mg per
kg of mass (ibuprofen tablets can be 500 mg each).The main impact is
on the mucous membranes of the stomach and intestines (ulcer, perforation). Some affect
liver. Many cause kidney failure. Symptoms: abdominal pain,
anemia, blood in the stool, vomiting, possibly bloody, lethargy, ataxia, stupor,
shock with perforation of the stomach or intestines.]

Poisoning with zinc (contained, for example, in Desitin , not to mention zinc
ointments , etc. containing the word “zinc” in the title). Contact with
toxin in a short time leads to normal gastrointestinal
symptoms (diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal pain, loss of appetite, depression).Long
contact can lead to hemolytic anemia, jaundice, bloody urine, general
weakness and even death.

Caution should be exercised when using antihistamines .
And they do not always work on cats.

Injections of iron preparations can cause anaphylactic shock. At
oral intake, the effect goes on the mucous membrane of the stomach and intestines.

Series antidepressants and cocaine and marijuana very
dangerous for cats.

Also cats should not drip albucid .

Care should be taken when injecting muscle relaxants .

90,000 💊 Tylenol with codeine overdose: causes, symptoms and treatments

What is acetaminophen with codeine overdose?

Acetaminophen with Codeine is a prescription drug. An overdose occurs when someone takes too much of this drug.

Overdose is very dangerous and can be fatal. If you think that you or someone you know may have overdosed,

Call 911 or the National Poison Control Center at 800-222-1222 immediately . Be prepared to tell first responders:

name of medication taken

• weight and age
• , how many medicines were taken
• when the medicine was taken
• if the medicine was prescribed to the person who took it
• Names Other names for acetaminophen wi th codeine

Acetaminophen with codeine has many names.Some of them include:

Capital & Codeine

• Codrix
• Tylenol with Codeine (# 2, # 3, # 4)
• Vopac

Causes What Causes Acetaminophen With Codeine Overdose?

The prescribed dose of acetaminophen with codeine is based on your weight, age, and the pain you are experiencing. If you take more than what is prescribed for you, you could overdose.

If you are on too much medication, the chemicals in the drug can make you not think clearly.You can remember when to take your medicine and how much to take:

take notes on the calendar

• store medications in the weekly pill organizer
• ask someone to remind you
• Some people may take acetaminophen with codeine because it makes them feel high. It is not safe to use this medication. Only people who have been prescribed acetaminophen with codeine should take it, and it should always be taken as directed.

ChildrenDangers for children

Keep medicines out of the reach of children. Ask your pharmacist about baby packaging.

A nursing baby can overdose acetaminophen with codeine if their mother is taking medication. Breastfeeding mothers taking acetaminophen with codeine should consider breastfeeding their babies. If this is not possible, they should immediately call 911 or the National Poison Control Center at 800-222-1222

if their child is more sleepy than usual

• has difficulty breastfeeding
• has difficulty breathing
• has pale skin
• Symptoms What are the symptoms of acetaminophen with codeine overdose?

Symptoms of acetaminophen with codeine overdose include:

shrunken pupils

• shallow breathing
• slow breathing
• drowsiness
• heavy sweating
• cold, clammy skin
• convulsions
• nausea and vomiting
• pale skin
• coma
• Treatment Treatment of overdose

Call 911 or the National Poison Control Center and listen carefully to their instructions.They can send emergency medical attention. Anyone who has overdosed on acetaminophen with codeine can be admitted to the hospital.

Hospital procedures include:

activated carbon

• artificial respiration
• intravenous fluids
• tube through mouth to stomach (stomach pumping)
• People who have overdosed on acetaminophen with codeine may also receive two medications to reverse the effects of the drugs:

Naloxone (Narcan)

• N-acetylcysteine ​​
• OutlookOutlook for acetaminophen with codeine overdose

The sooner you receive medical attention, the sooner you will recover.Recovery may take a day or two.

If your liver is affected, it may take longer to recover. Long-term liver damage is possible because toxins are released into your system when acetaminophen is broken down into other chemicals by your liver.

AddictionAddiction for Codeine

Codeine might be familiar. Taking too much codeine can cause:

nausea

• disorientation
• Sexual Dysfunction
• Long-term use may cause dependence and dependence on the drug.If you think you are addicted to codeine, you should see your doctor right away to discuss your treatment and rehabilitation options.

Prevention Overdose Prevention

To avoid overdose and protect others:

only take the medicine prescribed for you

• Follow your doctor’s directions and dosage instructions
• keep all medicines out of the reach of children>

Urinary incontinence loop or TVT / TOT midurethral slings

This surgical treatment is recommended for people with serious problems with urinary incontinence due to daily activity, coughing, sneezing or laughing.In particular, slings are recommended for patients with damaged urethral sphincter, or if other surgical methods for treating incontinence are ineffective.

The sling acts as a SUPPORT under the bladder neck and urethra, preventing urine leakage during the above activities. In most cases, the success of this surgical method of treatment is 85-90%.

The sling is inserted through a 2 cm incision between the vagina and the bladder. The sling is inserted through the vagina under the urethra.At the end of the procedure, the bladder is filled and a cystoscopy is performed. Cystoscopy is performed to confirm that there is no damage to the bladder and to ensure that the ureters are performing their drainage function.

A Foley catheter is inserted after surgery to drain the bladder and can be removed later that day or the next morning. After removing the catheter, we measure the amount of urine excreted and the amount of residual urine, thus checking whether your bladder is functioning normally.It sometimes takes 5 to 7 days for bladder capacity to return to normal after surgery, so you may need to learn to self-catheterize several times a day before urination is fully restored.

Rarely, but it happens that even after 4-6 weeks urination remains unsatisfactory and then the material of the sling is dissected through vaginal surgery. Fortunately, this is extremely rare.

Slings are made of durable material called prolene.Since it is an artificial material, the risk of mesh erosion through the vaginal membranes is less than 1-2%.

The risks of this treatment are similar to those of other surgical methods and include anesthesia, blood clots, infection and bleeding. As in all surgery, there is a risk of death, but it is not very high, regarding benign (non-oncology) gynecological operations. Other possible complications include damage to the bladder, urethra, intestines, and ureters. Damage to the bladder with this type of surgery occurs in 4-6% of cases.Fortunately, bladder regeneration occurs very quickly, but the urethral catheter will have to be held for several days.

The ureter can be pinched, damaged, or blocked, but this is rare with this type of surgery. Damage to the bladder, ureters, and urethra is checked at the end of the procedure and repaired if any. Damage to the bowel is extremely rare, although it is located close to the bladder.

The bladder may be overly active after any manipulation of it, as you may experience an increase in frequency, urgency, and temporary loss of control on the way to the bathroom.This is called an overactive bladder or urgent incontinence. The risk of this postoperative complication is 5 to 17% for sling in general, but less for TVT sling. The best treatment for this complication is medication, or physical therapy of the pelvic floor muscles if there is no noticeable improvement over time, which is most often the case.

About the risk of blood clots, – most often blood clots form in the legs, but can also occur in the lungs. This condition can be life threatening. It is possible to prevent this condition by using prophylactic compression stockings during surgical treatment and early activation, it is better on the same day on which the operation was performed.Anesthetic risks include collapse of part of the lung, pneumonia, and, very rarely, death.

To prevent complications, early activation after surgery, exercises for enhanced (deep) ventilation, with tilting the body, and the use of stimulating spirometers to maintain enhanced ventilation are necessary. Preoperative comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension, lung disease, heart disease increase the surgical risk, as does old age.Obesity is an additional risk factor and, together with diabetes mellitus and bad habits (smoking), can affect wound healing.

You may notice bloody vaginal discharge. After returning home, you should keep your bladder empty by urinating every 2-3 hours for the first 5 days. If you go home with a Foley catheter, then you must follow the instructions and arrive at our clinic a week after the operation to remove the catheter. If you are using the self-catheterization method, please call back in 2-4 days for a possible cancellation of the catheterization.

It is critical that you do not lift heavy objects (more than 5 kg) after surgery as this will help good scarring around the sling. It is also recommended to avoid sexual intercourse, douching, or tampons for 4-6 weeks. Pain relievers and laxatives will be recommended at discharge, as stress can affect your overall recovery.

You will need to call the clinic if you have a fever (more than 38 degrees Celsius), pain that will get worse or not controlled by pain medications, excessive discharge or alertness about a wound infection, profuse vaginal bleeding or discharge, nausea or vomiting , swelling or pain in your legs, or rapid breathing.

Immediately after surgery: after removing the catheter on the day of surgery, or the next morning, the nurse will check your urination, an ultrasound of the bladder will be performed after you try to urinate on your own. Patients who cannot urinate independently are fully trained in the technique of self-catheterization.

You can take either intravenous or oral medication for pain relief. Chair sitting, short walks, and increased activity in general are also encouraged.Most patients are discharged on the day of surgery or the next day.

1 WEEK: rest at home, do not burden yourself with taking care of children, relatives, cooking, and the like; walks around the house – optional, afternoon nap, do not overstrain, you can also take a shower; stick to a simple diet (light food and more liquid) before the first chair, after that, eat whatever you want; sexual rest for 6 weeks; for pain, use either prescribed drugs or ibuprofel, tylenol.

2-3 WEEKS: increase your activity if possible, but avoid all large household chores; walk more, but do not overstrain; rest for at least 1 hour after lunch; You can drive as long as there is no pain.

4-12 WEEKS: All activities are allowed except hard housework and exercise; you need to discuss the possibility of returning to work with your treating doctor; it remains an important point not to overwork and not lift weights; heavy lifting and hard physical work are completely excluded for 6 weeks from the date of surgery!

Full recovery may take longer than 12 weeks (3 months) from the date of surgery.

Safe pain relievers for cats

Analgesics are drugs that are used to relieve pain. There are many classes of pain relievers. All should be used with caution on cats. Even though pain relievers are common in the home, they should not be given to cats.

Demerol, morphine, codeine, and other drugs are subject to federal regulations and are not sold without a prescription. The effects of these drugs on cats are very unpredictable.Morphine, at a dose acceptable to a small dog, makes the cat feel anxious, agitated and salivated. If the minimum dose is exceeded, it can cause convulsions and death in the cat. Fentanyl, usually in the form of a patch that is applied to the skin, is a pain reliever used on cats. But it can only be used under the supervision of a veterinarian because there can be severe side effects.

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) is one drug in the class of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.Buffered or enteric aspirin is safe for home use in dogs, but must be given with extreme caution to cats. Small doses of aspirin can cause loss of appetite, depression, and vomiting in cats. One aspirin tablet a day for 3 to 4 days is enough to cause drooling, dehydration, vomiting and staggering gait. Serious violations of the acid-base balance may follow. There may be signs of bone marrow and liver toxicity.Gastrointestinal bleeding is common.

Be aware of potential toxicity and use aspirin only under the supervision of a veterinarian. The recommended dose for cats is 5 mg per 450 grams of body weight every 48 to 72 hours. One adult aspirin tablet (324 mg) is the eight recommended doses for a 3.6 kg cat. Children’s aspirin given every three days is the typical safe dose for a cat. It should only be given with food and not on an empty stomach. At the first sign of toxicity, the drug should be discontinued.

Meloxicam is a relatively safe non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug for cats, but is currently only approved as an injection in the United States. It should also only be used after consulting your veterinarian.

Toxic analgesics

Other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as ibuprofen (Motrin, Advil), naproxen (Aleve) and other aspirin substitutes used to treat pain in humans are toxic to cats. In addition, these drugs are not as well tolerated as aspirin.Their absorption by the body of small animals is very unpredictable. As a consequence, these drugs are not suitable for cats.

Acetaminophen (Tylenol) is another analgesic that should never be given to cats. A cat given at least a child’s dose of Tylenol can develop fatal hemolytic anemia and liver failure.

Butazolidine (phenylbutazone) is an analgesic prescribed for horses, dogs and other animals. When used in the manner recommended for these animals, it can be safe and effective.In cats, it causes toxicity similar to aspirin and acetaminophen. In addition to this, phenylbutazone causes kidney failure. Therefore, it is not recommended for cats.

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