What are the primary uses of vasopressin tablets. How do vasopressin tablets work in treating diabetes insipidus. What are the potential side effects of vasopressin tablets. How is cranial diabetes insipidus treated. What are the treatment options for nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. How do thiazide diuretics and NSAIDs help in managing diabetes insipidus. What precautions should be taken when using desmopressin.

Understanding Vasopressin and Its Role in Diabetes Insipidus

Vasopressin, also known as antidiuretic hormone (ADH), plays a crucial role in regulating water balance in the body. When this hormone is deficient or ineffective, it can lead to a condition called diabetes insipidus. This disorder is characterized by excessive thirst and the production of large volumes of dilute urine.

Diabetes insipidus comes in two main forms: cranial and nephrogenic. Cranial diabetes insipidus is caused by a lack of vasopressin production, while nephrogenic diabetes insipidus occurs when the kidneys don’t respond properly to vasopressin.

How does vasopressin function in the body?

Vasopressin acts on the kidneys to increase water reabsorption, concentrating urine and reducing its volume. When vasopressin levels are low or the kidneys don’t respond to it, the body loses excessive amounts of water, leading to the symptoms of diabetes insipidus.

Vasopressin Tablets: Uses and Administration

Vasopressin tablets, more commonly referred to as desmopressin tablets, are a synthetic form of vasopressin used to treat diabetes insipidus. Desmopressin is more potent and longer-lasting than natural vasopressin.

When are vasopressin tablets prescribed?

Vasopressin tablets are typically prescribed for:

• Cranial diabetes insipidus
• Bed-wetting in children
• Certain types of hemophilia
• Temporary treatment of excessive urination after surgery

How are vasopressin tablets administered?

Desmopressin can be administered in several forms:

1. Tablets taken orally
2. Nasal spray
3. Sublingual tablets that dissolve under the tongue

The choice of administration method depends on the patient’s specific needs and the severity of their condition.

Side Effects and Precautions of Vasopressin Tablets

While desmopressin is generally safe, it can cause side effects in some individuals. It’s important to be aware of these potential effects and take necessary precautions.

What are the common side effects of vasopressin tablets?

Common side effects may include:

• Headache
• Nausea
• Abdominal pain
• Nasal congestion or rhinitis (when using nasal spray)
• Nosebleeds (when using nasal spray)

Are there any serious risks associated with vasopressin tablets?

The most significant risk associated with desmopressin use is hyponatremia, or low sodium levels in the blood. This can occur if too much desmopressin is taken or if excessive fluids are consumed while on the medication. Symptoms of hyponatremia include:

• Severe or prolonged headache
• Confusion
• Nausea and vomiting
• Seizures (in severe cases)

If these symptoms occur, it’s crucial to stop taking desmopressin and seek immediate medical attention.

Treatment Approaches for Cranial Diabetes Insipidus

The treatment of cranial diabetes insipidus aims to reduce urine production and manage symptoms effectively. The approach varies depending on the severity of the condition.

How is mild cranial diabetes insipidus managed?

For mild cases, where urine output is approximately 3 to 4 liters per day, treatment may involve:

• Increasing water intake to prevent dehydration
• Drinking at least 2.5 liters of water daily, as advised by a healthcare provider

What is the primary treatment for severe cranial diabetes insipidus?

For more severe cases, desmopressin is the primary treatment. It effectively replaces the missing vasopressin, helping to control urine production. The dosage and form of desmopressin (nasal spray, tablets, or sublingual) will be determined by a healthcare provider based on the individual’s needs and response to treatment.

Managing Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus

Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus presents unique challenges as it’s caused by the kidneys’ inability to respond to vasopressin, rather than a lack of the hormone itself. This necessitates a different treatment approach.

How is medication-induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus addressed?

If the condition is caused by medications such as lithium or tetracycline, the first step is often to discontinue or change the offending medication. However, this should only be done under the guidance of a healthcare professional.

What dietary changes can help manage nephrogenic diabetes insipidus?

Dietary modifications can be beneficial in managing nephrogenic diabetes insipidus:

• Reducing salt intake to decrease urine production
• Limiting protein consumption, as protein-rich foods can increase urine output
• Avoiding processed foods, excessive meat, eggs, and nuts

It’s important to consult with a healthcare provider or nutritionist before making significant dietary changes.

Pharmacological Interventions for Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus

When lifestyle and dietary changes are insufficient, medications may be prescribed to manage nephrogenic diabetes insipidus more effectively.

What medications are used to treat nephrogenic diabetes insipidus?

The primary medications used in treating nephrogenic diabetes insipidus include:

1. Thiazide diuretics
2. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)

These medications are often used in combination to achieve the best results.

How do thiazide diuretics help in managing nephrogenic diabetes insipidus?

Thiazide diuretics, despite being “water pills,” can paradoxically help reduce urine output in nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. They work by:

• Reducing the rate at which kidneys filter blood
• Promoting sodium and water reabsorption in a different part of the kidney

This leads to an overall reduction in urine volume over time.

What role do NSAIDs play in the treatment of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus?

NSAIDs, such as ibuprofen, are used in combination with thiazide diuretics to further reduce urine volume. They work by:

• Reducing blood flow to the kidneys
• Enhancing the effects of vasopressin on the kidneys

However, long-term use of NSAIDs can increase the risk of stomach ulcers. To mitigate this risk, a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) may be prescribed alongside the NSAID.

Monitoring and Long-term Management of Diabetes Insipidus

Effective management of diabetes insipidus requires ongoing monitoring and adjustments to treatment as needed. This ensures optimal symptom control and minimizes the risk of complications.

How is the effectiveness of diabetes insipidus treatment evaluated?

Treatment effectiveness is typically assessed through:

• Regular monitoring of urine output
• Tracking of fluid intake
• Periodic blood tests to check electrolyte levels, particularly sodium
• Assessment of symptom improvement, such as reduced thirst and improved quality of life

What lifestyle considerations are important for individuals with diabetes insipidus?

Living with diabetes insipidus requires certain lifestyle adaptations:

1. Maintaining adequate hydration, especially in hot weather or during physical activity
2. Carrying identification indicating the diagnosis of diabetes insipidus
3. Being aware of situations that may require dose adjustments, such as travel or changes in climate
4. Regular follow-ups with healthcare providers to ensure optimal management

Managing diabetes insipidus effectively involves a combination of medication, lifestyle changes, and ongoing monitoring. With proper treatment, most individuals with diabetes insipidus can lead normal, active lives. However, it’s crucial to work closely with healthcare providers to find the most effective treatment plan and make necessary adjustments over time. By understanding the condition and adhering to treatment recommendations, patients can successfully manage their symptoms and maintain a good quality of life.

Diabetes insipidus – Treatment – NHS

Treatments for diabetes insipidus aim to reduce the amount of urine your body produces.

Depending on the type of diabetes insipidus you have, there are several ways of treating your condition and controlling your symptoms.

Cranial diabetes insipidus

Mild cranial diabetes insipidus may not require any medical treatment.

Cranial diabetes insipidus is considered mild if you produce approximately 3 to 4 litres of urine over 24 hours.

If this is the case, you may be able to ease your symptoms by increasing the amount of water you drink to avoid dehydration.

Your GP or endocrinologist (a specialist in hormone conditions) may advise you to drink a certain amount of water every day, usually at least 2.5 litres.

But if you have more severe cranial diabetes insipidus, drinking water may not be enough to control your symptoms.

As your condition is caused by a shortage of vasopressin (AVP), your GP or endocrinologist may prescribe a treatment that takes the place of AVP, known as desmopressin.

Desmopressin

Desmopressin is a manufactured version of AVP that’s more powerful and more resistant to being broken down than the AVP naturally produced by your body.

It works just like natural AVP, stopping your kidneys producing urine when the level of water in your body is low.

Desmopressin can be taken as a nasal spray, in tablet form or as a form that melts in your mouth, between your gum and your lip.

If you’re prescribed desmopressin as a nasal spray, you’ll need to spray it inside your nose once or twice a day, where it’s quickly absorbed into your bloodstream.

If you’re prescribed desmopressin tablets, you may need to take them more than twice a day.

This is because desmopressin is absorbed into your blood less effectively through your stomach than through your nasal passages, so you need to take more to have the same effect.

Your GP or endocrinologist may suggest switching your treatment to tablets if you develop a cold that prevents you using the nasal spray.

Desmopressin is very safe to use and has few side effects.

But possible side effects can include:

• headache
• stomach pain
• feeling sick
• a blocked or runny nose
• nosebleeds

If you take too much desmopressin or drink too much fluid while taking it, it can cause your body to retain too much water.

This can result in:

• headaches
• dizziness
• feeling bloated
• hyponatraemia – a low level of sodium (salt) in your blood

Symptoms of hyponatraemia include:

• a severe or prolonged headache
• confusion
• feeling sick (nausea) and vomiting

If you think you may have hyponatraemia, stop taking desmopressin immediately and call your GP for advice.

If this is not possible, go to your local A&E department.

Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus

If you have nephrogenic diabetes insipidus that’s caused by taking a particular medication, such as lithium or tetracycline, your GP or endocrinologist may stop your treatment and suggest an alternative medication.

But do not stop taking it unless you have been advised to by a healthcare professional.

As nephrogenic diabetes insipidus is caused by your kidneys not responding to AVP, rather than a shortage of AVP, it usually cannot be treated with desmopressin.

But it’s still important to drink plenty of water to avoid dehydration.

If your condition is mild, your GP or endocrinologist may suggest reducing the amount of salt and protein in your diet, which will help your kidneys produce less urine.

This may mean eating less salt and protein-rich food, such as processed foods, meat, eggs and nuts.

Do not alter your diet without first seeking medical advice.

Your GP or endocrinologist will be able to advise you about which foods to cut down on.

Find out more about eating a healthy, balanced diet.

If you have more severe nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, you may be prescribed a combination of thiazide diuretics and a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) to help reduce the amount of urine your kidneys produce. 

Thiazide diuretics

Thiazide diuretics can reduce the rate the kidneys filter blood, which reduces the amount of urine passed from the body over time.

Side effects are uncommon, but include:

• dizziness when standing
• indigestion
• very sensitive skin
• erectile dysfunction (impotence) in men 

This last side effect is usually temporary and should resolve itself if you stop taking the medication.

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as ibuprofen, help reduce urine volume further when they’re used in combination with thiazide diuretics.

But long-term use of NSAIDs increases your risk of developing a stomach ulcer.

To counter this increased risk, an additional medication called a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) may be prescribed.

PPIs help protect your stomach lining against the harmful effects of NSAIDs, reducing the risk of ulcers forming.

Find out more about treating stomach ulcers

Help with health costs

If you have diabetes insipidus, you do not have to pay prescription charges for desmopressin.

You’ll need to fill in a medical exemption (MedEx) certificate to qualify.

See who can get free prescriptions for more information about how to apply for a MedEx certificate.

You may have to pay for other medicines that may be required on a short-term basis, such as thiazide diuretics.

Support

Read more about diabetes insipidus and how to get support from the Pituitary Foundation

Page last reviewed: 13 October 2022
Next review due: 13 October 2025

Desmopressin (DDAVP) for bedwetting

How does this medicine work?

Desmopressin (DDAVP) is a synthetic form of vasopressin hormone, a chemical made by the pituitary gland. It works on the kidneys to decrease the amount of urine made.

DDAVP can help decrease bedwetting in children. This medicine may be used alone or with other methods to prevent bedwetting.

How should I give it?

DDAVP comes in nose spray and tablet forms.

Your doctor, nurse, or pharmacist will explain how much desmopressin to give and how often to give it. Give it at bedtime unless otherwise ordered by your doctor.

___ Giving DDAVP by mouth, for children who cannot swallow pills:

• Crush the tablet between 2 spoons, inside a plastic bag, or in folded paper.
• Mix the powder with a very small amount (about 1 teaspoon) of soft food, such as applesauce, chocolate syrup, ice cream, jelly, or yogurt. Make sure your child takes all of the mixture.

Do not mix medicine into hot drinks, because the heat may destroy its effectiveness.

___ Giving DDAVP into the nose

Check that you have the correct solution of DDAVP, which has 10 mcg/spray. Do not use the more concentrated nose spray called Stimate®. It has a different purpose.

1. Read the patient instruction guide for DDAVP before giving it.
2. If possible, children should blow their nose to clear out any mucus before receiving DDAVP. (If your child cannot do this, bulb-suction mucus out of the nose.)
3. Before using the medicine the first time, prime it by spraying it into the air 4 times. If it has not been used for a week or more, prime it again by spraying once.
4. While holding the bottle upright, give the prescribed number of sprays. Do not tilt the bottle while administering, it may affect how much drug your child will receive. If your child’s dose is greater than 1 spray, give half the dose into each nostril.
5. Tell your child to sniff in (if able) as the medicine is sprayed into the nose.
6. Rinse the spray tip with hot water and dry with a clean cloth or tissue.

Are there any precautions about food or other medicines?

Follow the directions for using this medicine provided by your doctor.

You can give DDAVP with or without food. Avoid drinking liquids after the evening meal while taking DDAVP. Too much extra liquid can cause low sodium levels in the blood.

Check with the doctor, nurse practitioner, or pharmacist before giving any other prescription or non-prescription medicines, herbs, or vitamins.

What should I do if a dose is missed?

If a dose is missed and your child is already sleeping, you can skip the dose and continue the following night with the usual schedule. Do not give it during the day, unless ordered by your doctor.

Never give a double dose.

If you have questions on how to give a missed dose, call your doctor or your pharmacist.

What are the side effects?

Common

• fluid retention
• redness and warmth in face

Occasional

• runny or stuffy nose
• headache
• nausea (upset stomach)
• dizziness
• faster heart rate

Rare

• slight increase or decrease in blood pressure
• blood clots in undesired areas
• seizure

When should I call the clinic?

• headaches or other pain not relieved by acetaminophen (such as Tylenol®)
• irritation or bleeding in the nose (if using the nose solution)
• faster heart rate
• rapid weight gain
• dizziness
• vision problems
• confusion
• seizures
• signs of allergic reaction:
  • rash or hives
  • wheezing
  • trouble breathing – call 911

What else do I need to know?

DDAVP should not be used by any patient who has heart problems or who has ever had a blood clot.

If you are using the spray, check the bottle for the number of sprays it contains. After that number of sprays, throw the bottle away (even if there is still some liquid in the bottle). The patient instruction sheet that comes with it tells you how to keep track of the number of sprays.

Check with your doctor before stopping this medicine.

You and your child should know the names of all the medicines he or she is taking. Share this information with anyone involved in your child’s care.

Before giving the first dose, read the label. Be sure it is what was prescribed. After a refill, if the medicine looks different to you, ask your pharmacist about it before giving it. Check the label and expiration date before giving each dose. Ask your pharmacist what to do with outdated or unused medicines. If there is no “take-back” program empty them into the trash.

Store all medicines in their original container and away from direct sunlight or heat. Do not store in humid places such as the bathroom. Keep them out of children’s reach, locked up if possible. Store the nose spray form in the refrigerator, as far from children’s reach as possible.

If too much or the wrong kind of medicine is taken, call the Poison Control Center (toll-free 1-800-222-1222). If your child is unconscious or has a seizure, call 911.

Questions?

This sheet is not specific to your child but provides general information. If you have any questions, please call the doctor or pharmacist.

Children’s Hospitals and Clinics of Minnesota
Patient/Family Education
2525 Chicago Avenue South
Minneapolis, MN 55404
Last reviewed 8/2015 ©Copyright

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Fidelity Pills – KP.RU

Komsomolskaya Pravda

Search results 004 Scientists are encouraging: a substance has been found on the basis of which it is possible to create a drug against adultery

As it turned out, as many as two issues of the “Man and Woman” column, which were devoted to the scientific search for the reasons for going to the left and ways to stop them, did not cover the whole variety of topics (“Is there a cure for adultery?”, “Coercion to fidelity”, see . “KP” dated September 6 and 13, 2008). Recently, new discoveries have arrived. And they testify: not only instincts and psychology are involved in adultery. But also chemistry. A substance has been discovered that averts fornication and generates a sense of fidelity to a single partner. Thanks to him, according to scientists, next to us there are people who can not change.

Cheating genes

The search for the chemical causes of infidelity began about seven years ago. And, as usual, from experiments on mice. Fortunately, among these animals there are two amazing populations – meadow voles and steppe voles. The males of the first are extremely lascivious, mating right and left. And those from the second, all their mouse life remain faithful to one female. Scientists decided to figure out why such a miracle happens. And they seem to have figured it out.

“Our study, in a relatively simple biological model, provides evidence that boosting the activity of just one gene profoundly changes the foundations of social behavior,” said Larry Young, a professor at Emory University in Georgia.

It turned out that the heads of faithful and unfaithful mice contain a different number of receptors that perceive the hormone vasopressin. It is produced by the brain in one area, and absorbed in another. This hormone, scientists have suggested, and generates a sense of attachment. Moreover, it creates a very pleasant feeling that one female is enough to satisfy sexual needs. The bold hypothesis was also reinforced by the fact that the faithful mice showed an excess of both the hormone itself and the receptors that perceive it.

To test, American neuroscientists transferred the gene responsible for vasopressin receptors from monogamous steppe voles to meadow lovers to go left. And a fantastic transformation happened: the Casanova mice became faithful “husbands” without exception. This is the magical power of chemistry.

People are like mice

Impressive results were obtained back in 2004. But since they belonged to “simple biological models”, they did not create confidence that they could be transferred to more complex ones – to people. Doubts were dispelled by recent research conducted at the Swedish Karolinska Institute under the direction of Professor Hass Walum. Scientists have discovered a striking similarity between people and their smaller brothers in terms of the chemical nature of adultery. It turned out that the human brain interacts with vasopressin in exactly the same way as the mouse. Faithful men found more of the hormone, and it was absorbed better. For cheaters, the opposite is true. And the reason is the same – the genetic difference of one from the other.

Conclusions: vasopressin has a serious claim to be the human hormone of fidelity. This is first. Secondly, not all men are cheaters. There is a breed of people in whom nature has beaten off the inclination to fornication, while retaining both the libido and the ability to receive sincere satisfaction from sexual intercourse with a single partner. Such, according to opinion polls, from a quarter to a third of the stronger sex.

Alas, it is still a mystery whether there is a genetic difference between women of easy sexual behavior and those who profess marital fidelity.

Prescribe me, doctor…

Vasopressin is a known hormone. News – its role in human relationships and in influencing social behavior. Naturally, the question arises: is it possible, on the basis of this hormone, to create a drug for the “treatment” of infidelity? Theoretically – yes, scientists answer. But more research is needed. After all, it is stupid to drink vasopressin or inject it dangerously. Like any hormone. Yes, and there are side effects – the most famous, for example, difficult urination (analogs of vasopressin are prescribed for patients with enuresis). Would a healthy husband in this sense want to make such a sacrifice? However, medical science does not stand still. Scientists will come up with something – synthetically harmless. And make humanity happy with fidelity pills.

Vladimir LAGOVSKY

SPECIALIST’S OPINION

Dilute with tenderness!

Natalia GRIDASOVA, psychoendocrinologist, doctor of the highest category:

– Vasopressin belongs to a group of hormones that are produced by a very important part of the brain – the pituitary gland, and is responsible for regulating the amount of fluids in the body. And disinhibited sexual behavior (simply – pathological infidelity) is often distinguished by people who have just the same function of the pituitary gland.

Of course, it is impossible to say directly, they say, inject your “walker” with vasopressin, and he will sit beside you like silk. But perhaps there is a rational grain in these studies. And the medicine “for infidelity” will act just on those men who run to the left not because of natural depravity or because the partner does not suit, but “due to illness.”

Vasopressin also affects the secretion of oxytocin, the hormone of tenderness, which is responsible for the emotional component of sexual relations and enhances attachment to a partner.

In large doses, vasopressin greatly increases pressure in tissues, including the brain, and this can be very dangerous for health.

Elena IONOVA.

BTW

Sleep well

Endocrinologists at the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Lübeck, led by Jan Born, discovered that inhaling an aerosol preparation containing vasopressin in the morning and evening has a hypnotic effect. But it also weakens memory.

In principle, an attractive combination of side effects: a faithful husband sleeps well, pees little and does not remember insults.

Maybe scientists are trying in vain? There is little demand for chastity pills. Slightly higher than on a baldness balm. It is strange, however… Although there are suspicions that in our sociological survey mainly traitors participated, for whom some kind of “non-leftist” is a threat to a lustful lifestyle. Like bromine for Casanova. Or do people really cope with adultery non-drug? Through love and willpower? And rely on natural feelings? Showing no interest even in a love potion?

Another interpretation is not ruled out. Logically sound. After all, if you restore a peppy and fresh look, become smart and slender teetotalers, then other problems – partner’s infidelity, baldness and insufficient attention of the opposite sex – will seem secondary and easily solved. This is what Faust thought when he sold his soul. Looks like we haven’t changed much since then?

Vladimir Lagovsky is waiting for your feedback on our website.

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