Vitamin b12 pill side effects. Vitamin B12 Supplementation: Benefits, Side Effects, and Optimal Dosage

07.03.202213.07.2023 by alexxlab

What are the potential side effects of vitamin B12 supplements. How much vitamin B12 do you need daily. Which foods are rich in vitamin B12. When should you consult a doctor about vitamin B12 supplementation.

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Understanding Vitamin B12: Essential Nutrient for Health

Vitamin B12, also known as cobalamin, is a crucial water-soluble vitamin that plays a vital role in various bodily functions. It is essential for DNA synthesis, red blood cell formation, and proper neurological function. While most people obtain sufficient amounts of vitamin B12 through their diet, some individuals may require supplementation to maintain optimal levels.

The Importance of Vitamin B12 in the Body

Why is vitamin B12 so crucial for our health? This nutrient is involved in several key processes:

DNA synthesis and cell division
Formation of red blood cells
Nervous system function and maintenance
Energy production and metabolism
Homocysteine regulation (an amino acid linked to heart disease when elevated)

Given its diverse roles, maintaining adequate vitamin B12 levels is essential for overall health and well-being.

Recommended Daily Intake of Vitamin B12

How much vitamin B12 do you need on a daily basis? The recommended dietary allowances (RDAs) for vitamin B12, as established by the National Institutes of Health, are as follows:

2.4 micrograms (mcg) daily for individuals 14 years and older
2.6 mcg daily for pregnant women
2.8 mcg daily for breastfeeding women

For adults over 50 years of age, it’s recommended to obtain the RDA through vitamin B12-fortified foods or supplements containing 25 to 100 mcg of B12. This is due to the potential decrease in absorption efficiency as we age.

Factors Affecting Vitamin B12 Absorption

Several factors can influence the body’s ability to absorb vitamin B12 effectively:

Age (older adults may have reduced absorption)
Gastrointestinal disorders (e.g., Crohn’s disease, celiac disease)
Pernicious anemia
Certain medications (e.g., proton pump inhibitors, metformin)
Strict vegetarian or vegan diets

These factors may necessitate supplementation to maintain adequate vitamin B12 levels.

Natural Sources of Vitamin B12

Where can you find vitamin B12 in your diet? This essential nutrient is primarily found in animal-based foods. Some of the best natural sources of vitamin B12 include:

Eggs
Cheese
Fish (especially salmon, trout, and tuna)
Shellfish (clams, oysters, mussels)
Liver
Kidney
Red meat
Fortified plant-based milk and cereals (for vegetarians and vegans)

Incorporating these foods into your diet can help ensure adequate vitamin B12 intake for most individuals.

Vitamin B12 Supplementation: Forms and Administration

When dietary sources are insufficient, vitamin B12 supplements can be an effective way to maintain optimal levels. These supplements come in various forms:

Oral tablets or capsules
Sublingual tablets (dissolved under the tongue)
Nasal sprays
Injectable forms (typically administered by healthcare professionals)

The choice of supplementation form often depends on individual needs, absorption capabilities, and healthcare provider recommendations.

Oral vs. Injectable Vitamin B12

Is there a difference between oral and injectable vitamin B12 supplements? Indeed, there are some key distinctions:

Oral supplements are convenient and suitable for most people with mild deficiencies or for maintenance.
Injectable forms are typically used for severe deficiencies or when absorption issues are present.
Injections bypass the digestive system, ensuring direct absorption into the bloodstream.
Oral supplements may require higher doses to achieve the same effect as injections due to variable absorption rates.

Your healthcare provider can help determine the most appropriate form of supplementation based on your individual needs and medical history.

Potential Side Effects of Vitamin B12 Supplementation

While vitamin B12 is generally considered safe, excessive intake can lead to various side effects. What are the potential adverse reactions associated with vitamin B12 supplementation?

Mild diarrhea
Itching or skin rash
Headache
Dizziness
Nausea and vomiting
Sensation of swelling
Pulmonary edema and congestive heart failure (rare, early in treatment)
Vein thrombosis (blood clots)
Polycythemia vera (a rare, slow-growing blood cancer)

It’s important to note that these side effects are typically associated with high doses or injectable forms of vitamin B12. Oral supplements, when taken as directed, rarely cause significant adverse effects.

Allergic Reactions to Vitamin B12

In rare cases, individuals may experience severe allergic reactions (anaphylaxis) to vitamin B12 supplements. Symptoms of anaphylaxis include:

Swelling of the face, tongue, and throat
Difficulty swallowing and breathing
Hives or severe itching
Rapid heartbeat
Dizziness or fainting

If you experience any of these symptoms after taking a vitamin B12 supplement, seek immediate medical attention or call emergency services.

Drug Interactions with Vitamin B12

Certain medications can interfere with vitamin B12 absorption or effectiveness. Which drugs might interact with vitamin B12 supplements?

Colchicine
Metformin
Proton pump inhibitors
Vitamin C supplements
Chloramphenicol
H2 blockers
Aminosalicylic acid

If you’re taking any of these medications, consult your healthcare provider about potential interactions and the need for vitamin B12 supplementation.

Folic Acid and Vitamin B12 Interaction

Folic acid supplements may interfere with vitamin B12 absorption and metabolism. This interaction can potentially mask the symptoms of vitamin B12 deficiency while allowing neurological damage to progress. If you’re taking folic acid supplements, it’s crucial to inform your doctor and discuss the appropriate timing and dosage of vitamin B12 supplementation.

Special Considerations for Vitamin B12 Supplementation

Are there any specific groups that need to be cautious about vitamin B12 supplementation? Indeed, certain populations require special consideration:

Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

Vitamin B12 is generally considered safe during pregnancy and breastfeeding when taken in recommended dosages. However, it’s essential to consult with a healthcare provider before starting any new supplement regimen during these periods.

Older Adults

Individuals over 50 years of age may have difficulty absorbing vitamin B12 from food sources due to reduced stomach acid production. They may benefit from vitamin B12-fortified foods or supplements to meet their daily requirements.

Vegetarians and Vegans

Since vitamin B12 is primarily found in animal-based foods, those following strict vegetarian or vegan diets may be at risk of deficiency. They should consider fortified foods or supplements to ensure adequate intake.

Individuals with Gastrointestinal Disorders

People with conditions affecting nutrient absorption, such as Crohn’s disease, celiac disease, or those who have undergone gastrointestinal surgeries, may require specialized supplementation strategies.

These groups should work closely with their healthcare providers to develop appropriate supplementation plans that address their specific needs while minimizing potential risks.

Monitoring Vitamin B12 Levels and Adjusting Supplementation

How can you ensure you’re maintaining optimal vitamin B12 levels? Regular monitoring and appropriate adjustments are key:

Blood tests to check vitamin B12 levels
Assessing symptoms of deficiency or excess
Consulting with a healthcare provider to interpret results
Adjusting supplement dosage or form as needed

Your doctor may recommend periodic blood tests to monitor your vitamin B12 levels, especially if you’re at risk for deficiency or taking high-dose supplements.

Signs of Vitamin B12 Deficiency

What symptoms might indicate a vitamin B12 deficiency? Be aware of the following signs:

Fatigue and weakness
Pale or jaundiced skin
Shortness of breath
Dizziness
Mood changes or depression
Memory problems
Tingling or numbness in extremities

If you experience these symptoms, consult your healthcare provider for proper evaluation and potential supplementation.

When to Discontinue Vitamin B12 Supplements

In some cases, it may be necessary to stop taking vitamin B12 supplements. Consider discontinuing use and seeking medical advice if:

You experience persistent or severe side effects
Your blood tests show excessive levels of vitamin B12
You develop allergic reactions or sensitivities
Your healthcare provider recommends cessation

Always consult with your doctor before making significant changes to your supplement regimen.

Understanding the benefits, potential side effects, and proper usage of vitamin B12 supplements is crucial for maintaining optimal health. By working closely with healthcare providers, monitoring levels, and adjusting intake as needed, individuals can ensure they’re meeting their vitamin B12 requirements while minimizing risks. Remember that while supplementation can be beneficial for some, obtaining nutrients from a balanced diet should always be the primary goal for overall health and well-being.

Vitamin B-12 Side Effects

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Medically reviewed by Jared Meacham, Ph. D., RD, PMP, MBA, CSCS — By Emily Cronkleton — Updated on June 8, 2023

Your doctor will give you the right dosage of vitamin B-12 supplement, especially if you will inject it. Taking too much can cause side effects like nausea, headache, dizziness, and in rarely, blood clots or cancer.

Everyone needs vitamin B-12, and most people get enough through their diet. However, it’s important to know what side effects occur when you take too much.

Vitamin B-12 is water-soluble and absorbed in the intestines. After it’s absorbed, it’s used to make DNA and red blood cells. Vitamin B-12 that isn’t being used is stored in the liver. But if you take supplements, you might ingest more than your body needs.

Oral vitamin B-12 is safe to take at recommended doses for healthy people.

Injectable vitamin B-12, which is used to treat significant deficiencies, can cause the following side effects:

mild diarrhea
itching
skin rash
headache
dizziness
nausea
vomiting
pulmonary edema and congestive heart failure early in treatment
vein thrombosis
sensation of swelling
polycythemia vera (rare, slow growing blood cancer)

Vitamin B-12 can cause very rare but serious allergic reactions (anaphylaxis). This includes swelling of the face, tongue, and throat, and difficulty swallowing and breathing. If this occurs after you take vitamin B-12, call 911 or your local emergency services immediately.

Some agents are linked to reduced absorption or serum levels of vitamin B-12. You may need vitamin B-12 supplements if you take any of the following:

colchicine
metformin
proton pump inhibitors
vitamin C
chloramphenicol
h3 blockers
aminosalicylic acid

Folic acid supplements may interfere with vitamin B-12. Be sure to tell your doctor if you take folic acid.

You may need to take vitamin B-12 separately from the above drugs and supplements — say, one in the morning and one at night — so you can get the full dose of vitamin B-12.

Don’t take vitamin B-12 supplements if you have sensitivities or allergies to vitamin B-12, cobalt, and any other ingredients. Vitamin B-12 is safe to take in recommended dosages if you’re pregnant or breastfeeding.

If you notice any adverse effects after you start taking vitamin B-12 supplements, you should discontinue use immediately. Seek medical attention if your symptoms get worse or are severe.

You can consult your doctor to establish an appropriate dose if it’s determined that you don’t get enough B-12 from food sources.

According to the National Institutes of Health, the recommended dietary amounts (RDAs) are as follows:

2.4 micrograms (mcg) daily for ages 14 years or older
2.6 mcg daily for pregnant women
2.8 mcg daily for breastfeeding women

If you’re over the age of 50, you should try to get your RDA by eating foods with B-12 or by taking a supplement containing 25 to 100 mcg of B-12.

Foods with vitamin B-12 include:

eggs
cheese
fish
shellfish
liver
kidney
red meat

See your doctor if you have bothersome side effects that don’t go away once you stop taking the supplements. Avoid taking supplements if possible, and try to get B-12 from food sources.

If you develop any side effects from taking vitamin B-12, you can stop taking the supplement and the symptoms should subside.

After this, you’ll need to determine either an appropriate dose or how to get the vitamin B-12 you need from food sources. You can discuss this with your doctor.

Article resources

Cyanocobalamin – cyanocobalamin injection. (2023). https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=a66eb3c4-3e1d-4d49-b963-4fa2334cc9b6
Vitamin B12: Fact sheet for health professionals. (2022). https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminB12-HealthProfessional/

Last medically reviewed on June 8, 2023

How we reviewed this article:

Our experts continually monitor the health and wellness space, and we update our articles when new information becomes available.

Current Version

Jun 8, 2023

Written By

Emily Cronkleton

Edited By

John Bassham

Medically Reviewed By

Jared Meacham, Ph. D., RD, PMP, MBA, CSCS

Copy Edited By

Copy Editors

Feb 15, 2023

Written By

Emily Cronkleton

Edited By

Frank Crooks

VIEW ALL HISTORY

Share this article

Medically reviewed by Jared Meacham, Ph.D., RD, PMP, MBA, CSCS — By Emily Cronkleton — Updated on June 8, 2023

Vitamin B-12 Side Effects

Health Conditions
- Featured
  - Breast Cancer
  - IBD
  - Migraine
  - Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
  - Rheumatoid Arthritis
  - Type 2 Diabetes
- Articles
  - Acid Reflux
  - ADHD
  - Allergies
  - Alzheimer’s & Dementia
  - Bipolar Disorder
  - Cancer
  - Crohn’s Disease
  - Chronic Pain
  - Cold & Flu
  - COPD
  - Depression
  - Fibromyalgia
  - Heart Disease
  - High Cholesterol
  - HIV
  - Hypertension
  - IPF
  - Osteoarthritis
  - Psoriasis
  - Skin Disorders and Care
  - STDs
Discover
- Wellness Topics
  - Nutrition
  - Fitness
  - Skin Care
  - Sexual Health
  - Women’s Health
  - Mental Well-Being
  - Sleep
- Product Reviews
  - Vitamins & Supplements
  - Sleep
  - Mental Health
  - Nutrition
  - At-Home Testing
  - CBD
  - Men’s Health
- Original Series
  - Fresh Food Fast
  - Diagnosis Diaries
  - You’re Not Alone
  - Present Tense
- Video Series
  - Youth in Focus
  - Healthy Harvest
  - No More Silence
  - Future of Health
Plan
- Health Challenges
  - Mindful Eating
  - Sugar Savvy
  - Move Your Body
  - Gut Health
  - Mood Foods
  - Align Your Spine
- Find Care
  - Primary Care
  - Mental Health
  - OB-GYN
  - Dermatologists
  - Neurologists
  - Cardiologists
  - Orthopedists
- Lifestyle Quizzes
  - Weight Management
  - Am I Depressed? A Quiz for Teens
  - Are You a Workaholic?
  - How Well Do You Sleep?
- Tools & Resources
  - Health News
  - Find a Diet
  - Find Healthy Snacks
  - Drugs A-Z
  - Health A-Z
Connect
- - Breast Cancer
  - Inflammatory Bowel Disease
  - Psoriatic Arthritis
  - Migraine
  - Multiple Sclerosis
  - Psoriasis

Medically reviewed by Jared Meacham, Ph. D., RD, PMP, MBA, CSCS — By Emily Cronkleton — Updated on June 8, 2023

Everyone needs vitamin B-12, and most people get enough through their diet. However, it’s important to know what side effects occur when you take too much.

Oral vitamin B-12 is safe to take at recommended doses for healthy people.

Injectable vitamin B-12, which is used to treat significant deficiencies, can cause the following side effects:

mild diarrhea
itching
skin rash
headache
dizziness
nausea
vomiting
pulmonary edema and congestive heart failure early in treatment
vein thrombosis
sensation of swelling
polycythemia vera (rare, slow growing blood cancer)

Some agents are linked to reduced absorption or serum levels of vitamin B-12. You may need vitamin B-12 supplements if you take any of the following:

colchicine
metformin
proton pump inhibitors
vitamin C
chloramphenicol
h3 blockers
aminosalicylic acid

Folic acid supplements may interfere with vitamin B-12. Be sure to tell your doctor if you take folic acid.

You may need to take vitamin B-12 separately from the above drugs and supplements — say, one in the morning and one at night — so you can get the full dose of vitamin B-12.

If you notice any adverse effects after you start taking vitamin B-12 supplements, you should discontinue use immediately. Seek medical attention if your symptoms get worse or are severe.

You can consult your doctor to establish an appropriate dose if it’s determined that you don’t get enough B-12 from food sources.

According to the National Institutes of Health, the recommended dietary amounts (RDAs) are as follows:

2.4 micrograms (mcg) daily for ages 14 years or older
2.6 mcg daily for pregnant women
2.8 mcg daily for breastfeeding women

If you’re over the age of 50, you should try to get your RDA by eating foods with B-12 or by taking a supplement containing 25 to 100 mcg of B-12.

Foods with vitamin B-12 include:

eggs
cheese
fish
shellfish
liver
kidney
red meat

See your doctor if you have bothersome side effects that don’t go away once you stop taking the supplements. Avoid taking supplements if possible, and try to get B-12 from food sources.

If you develop any side effects from taking vitamin B-12, you can stop taking the supplement and the symptoms should subside.

After this, you’ll need to determine either an appropriate dose or how to get the vitamin B-12 you need from food sources. You can discuss this with your doctor.

Article resources

Cyanocobalamin – cyanocobalamin injection. (2023). https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=a66eb3c4-3e1d-4d49-b963-4fa2334cc9b6
Vitamin B12: Fact sheet for health professionals. (2022). https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminB12-HealthProfessional/

Last medically reviewed on June 8, 2023

How we reviewed this article:

Our experts continually monitor the health and wellness space, and we update our articles when new information becomes available.

Current Version

Jun 8, 2023

Written By

Emily Cronkleton

Edited By

John Bassham

Medically Reviewed By

Jared Meacham, Ph. D., RD, PMP, MBA, CSCS

Copy Edited By

Copy Editors

Feb 15, 2023

Written By

Emily Cronkleton

Edited By

Frank Crooks

VIEW ALL HISTORY

Share this article

Medically reviewed by Jared Meacham, Ph.D., RD, PMP, MBA, CSCS — By Emily Cronkleton — Updated on June 8, 2023

Cyanocobalamin (Vitamin B12) – instructions for use, doses, side effects, reviews of the drug:

Description of the drug in 1998

Date of approval: 07/31/1998

Content

Active substance
ATX
Pharmacological group
Nosological classification (ICD-10)
Composition and form of release
pharmachologic effect
pharmachologic effect
Indications
Contraindications
Dosage and administration
Side effects
Interaction
Precautionary measures
Storage conditions
Best before date
Reviews

Active ingredient

Cyanocobalamin* (Cyanocobalamin*)

ATX

B03BA01 Cyanocobalamin

Pharmacological group

Stimulants of hematopoiesis

Vitamins and vitamin-like products

Nosological classification (ICD-10)

ICD-10 code list

Composition and formulation

1 ml solution for injection contains cyanocobalamin (vitamin B ₁₂) 200 or 500 mcg; in ampoules of 1 ml, in a cardboard box 10 pcs.

Pharmacological action

Pharmacological action –

hematopoietic , stimulating cell metabolism .

Participates in the transfer of methyl fragments, the formation of choline, methionine, creatine, nucleic acids, the maturation of erythrocytes, promotes the accumulation of compounds containing sulfhydryl groups in erythrocytes.

Indications

Anemia (Addison-Birmer, alimentary macrocytic, iron deficiency,
posthemorrhagic, aplastic, caused by toxic substances and drugs), cirrhosis of the liver,
hepatitis, myelosis, polyneuritis, sciatica, trigeminal neuralgia, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, children
cerebral palsy, multiple sclerosis, Down’s disease, skin diseases, peripheral nerve injuries.

Contraindications

Thromboembolism, angina.

Dosage and administration

Information for healthcare professionals only.
Are you a healthcare professional?

S/C, IM, IV and intralumbar.

Addison-Birmer anemia – 100-200 mcg every other day; with Addison-Birmer anemia with symptoms of funicular myelosis and with macrocytic anemia with disorders of the nervous system – 500 mcg or more per injection (daily for the first week, and then with intervals between injections of up to 5-7 days). Simultaneously appoint folic acid. In the period of remission, in the absence of funicular myelosis phenomena, 100 mcg is administered for maintenance therapy 2 times a month, and in the presence of neurological phenomena, 200-400 mcg 2-4 times a month.

For iron deficiency and posthemorrhagic anemia – 30-100 mcg 2-3 times a week; with aplastic anemia (especially in children) – 100 mcg until the onset of clinical and hematological improvement; with alimentary anemia in children at an early age and in premature babies – 30 mcg / day for 15 days.

In diseases of the central nervous system and neurological diseases with pain syndrome, it is administered in increasing doses from 200 to 500 mcg per injection, and when the condition improves, 100 mcg/day; course – up to 2 weeks.

In traumatic lesions of the peripheral nerves – 200-400 mcg every other day for 40-45 days.

For hepatitis and liver cirrhosis, 30–60 mcg per day or 100 mcg every other day for 25–40 days.

With dystrophies in young children, Down’s disease and cerebral palsy – 15-30 mcg every other day.

In case of funicular myelosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, sometimes 15-30 mcg is injected into the spinal canal (gradually increasing the dose to 200-250 mcg).

Side effects

Excitation, pain in the heart, tachycardia, allergic reactions.

Interactions

Information for healthcare professionals only.
Are you a healthcare professional?

Incompatible (in one syringe) with thiamine bromide, riboflavin.

Precautions

In angina pectoris, use with caution and in lower doses.

Storage conditions

In a place protected from light.

Keep out of reach of children.

Expiry date

2 years.

Do not use after the expiry date which is stated on the packaging.

Update date: 04/30/2020

Vitamin B12 – instructions for use, doses, side effects, reviews of the drug: instant tablets, 5000 mcg
0.004 ‰

Analogs

Description selection

Lec. form	Dosage
instant tablets	5000 mcg
injection	0. 2 mg/ml

instant tablets

5000 mcg

injection

0.2 mg/ml

All forms of release, dosages, registration certificates, drug manufacturers, drug characteristics

Product description Vitamin B12 (solution for injection, 0.2 mg/ml) based on the official instructions, approved by the manufacturer in 1998

Date approved: 07/31/1998

Active substance
ATX
Pharmacological group
Composition and form of release
Dosage and administration
Storage conditions
Best before date
Reviews

Active ingredient

Cyanocobalamin* (Cyanocobalamin*)

ATX

B03BA01 Cyanocobalamin

Pharmacological group

Stimulants of hematopoiesis

Vitamins and vitamin-like products

Composition and form of release

1 ampoule with 1 ml solution for injection contains cyanocobalamin 200 or 500 mcg; in a box of 10 pcs. , complete with an ampoule knife.

Dosage and administration

Information for healthcare professionals only.
Are you a healthcare professional?

S/C, IM, IV and intralumbar. For Addison-Birmer anemia (in combination with folic acid)
– 100-200 mcg once a day, for 2 days; with Addison-Birmer anemia with symptoms
funicular myelosis and macrocytic anemia with disorders of the nervous system – 500 mcg and
more per injection (in the first week daily, and then at intervals between injections up to 5-7 days). During
remissions – 100 mcg 2 times a month (maintenance therapy), in the presence of neurological phenomena
(funicular myelosis) – 200-400 mcg 2-4 times a month. With iron deficiency and
posthemorrhagic anemia – 30-100 mcg 2-3 times a week; with aplastic anemia
(especially in children) – 100 mcg until the onset of clinical and hematological improvement; with alimentary
anemia in children at an early age and in premature babies – 30 mcg / day for 15 days.

Vitamin b12 pill side effects. Vitamin B12 Supplementation: Benefits, Side Effects, and Optimal Dosage

Understanding Vitamin B12: Essential Nutrient for Health

The Importance of Vitamin B12 in the Body

Recommended Daily Intake of Vitamin B12

Factors Affecting Vitamin B12 Absorption

Natural Sources of Vitamin B12

Vitamin B12 Supplementation: Forms and Administration

Oral vs. Injectable Vitamin B12

Potential Side Effects of Vitamin B12 Supplementation

Allergic Reactions to Vitamin B12

Drug Interactions with Vitamin B12

Folic Acid and Vitamin B12 Interaction

Special Considerations for Vitamin B12 Supplementation

Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

Older Adults

Vegetarians and Vegans

Individuals with Gastrointestinal Disorders

Monitoring Vitamin B12 Levels and Adjusting Supplementation

Signs of Vitamin B12 Deficiency

When to Discontinue Vitamin B12 Supplements

Vitamin B-12 Side Effects

Article resources

How we reviewed this article:

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Vitamin B-12 Side Effects

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Cyanocobalamin (Vitamin B12) – instructions for use, doses, side effects, reviews of the drug:

Content

Active ingredient

ATX

Pharmacological group

Nosological classification (ICD-10)

Composition and formulation

Pharmacological action

Indications

Contraindications

Dosage and administration

Side effects

Interactions

Precautions

Storage conditions

Expiry date

Vitamin B12 – instructions for use, doses, side effects, reviews of the drug: instant tablets, 5000 mcg 0.004 ‰

Description selection

Contents

Active ingredient

ATX

Pharmacological group

Composition and form of release

Dosage and administration

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Vitamin B12 – instructions for use, doses, side effects, reviews of the drug: instant tablets, 5000 mcg
0.004 ‰