How can natural supplements support thyroid health. What are the top 10 thyroid supplements backed by science. Which vitamins and minerals are essential for optimal thyroid function. How do probiotics and herbal extracts benefit thyroid disorders.

Understanding Thyroid Disorders and Natural Treatment Options

Thyroid disorders, particularly hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid), affect millions of people worldwide. While conventional treatments often rely on synthetic hormones, many individuals are turning to natural supplements to support thyroid health and potentially address underlying causes of dysfunction.

Dietary supplements can play a crucial role in addressing nutrient deficiencies, managing stress, and balancing hormones – all of which may contribute to thyroid disorders. When combined with lifestyle modifications, a targeted supplement regimen may help some people avoid or reduce their reliance on thyroid medications.

Key Differences Between Hypothyroidism and Hyperthyroidism

Before diving into supplement recommendations, it’s essential to understand the distinction between hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism:

• Hypothyroidism: An underactive thyroid that produces insufficient thyroid hormones
• Hyperthyroidism: An overactive thyroid that produces excess thyroid hormones

These conditions present different symptoms and may require distinct approaches to treatment. Some supplements may benefit both conditions, while others are specific to hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism.

Natural vs. Synthetic Thyroid Treatments: What’s the Difference?

When it comes to addressing thyroid imbalances, there are two primary approaches: natural supplements and synthetic medications. Understanding the differences between these options is crucial for making informed decisions about your thyroid health.

Synthetic Thyroid Treatments

Synthetic thyroid treatments typically refer to prescription medications like levothyroxine. These drugs are man-made versions of the thyroid hormone T4 and require a doctor’s prescription. While effective for many patients, they may not address underlying causes of thyroid dysfunction.

Natural Thyroid Supplements

Natural thyroid supplements are derived from substances found in nature and can often be purchased without a prescription. These may include vitamins, minerals, herbs, and other compounds that support overall thyroid health. While generally considered safer, it’s still important to consult with a healthcare provider before starting any new supplement regimen.

Can natural supplements replace thyroid medication? In some cases, natural supplements may help improve thyroid function and reduce the need for medication. However, this should only be done under the guidance of a qualified healthcare professional who can monitor your thyroid levels and adjust treatment accordingly.

Top 10 Natural Thyroid Supplements: Evidence-Based Options

Based on current scientific research and clinical experience, here are the top 10 natural supplements that may support thyroid health and alleviate symptoms of thyroid disorders:

1. Vitamin D
2. Selenium
3. Iodine
4. Zinc
5. Probiotics
6. DIM (Diindolylmethane)
7. Glutathione
8. Green tea extract
9. Curcumin
10. Ashwagandha

It’s important to note that the effectiveness of these supplements can vary depending on the individual and the specific type of thyroid disorder. Let’s explore each of these supplements in more detail to understand their potential benefits and mechanisms of action.

Vitamin D: The Sunshine Vitamin for Thyroid Health

Vitamin D plays a crucial role in thyroid function and overall health. Despite its importance, many people are deficient in this essential nutrient, which may contribute to thyroid disorders.

The Link Between Vitamin D and Thyroid Function

Recent research has shed light on the intricate relationship between vitamin D and thyroid health:

• A 2020 study found that vitamin D deficiency is associated with both autoimmune and non-autoimmune hypothyroidism
• A 2018 study demonstrated a strong link between Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (an autoimmune form of hypothyroidism) and vitamin D deficiency
• A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial showed that vitamin D supplementation improved TSH levels and calcium levels in hypothyroid patients

How does vitamin D support thyroid function? Vitamin D helps regulate the immune system, which is particularly important in autoimmune thyroid disorders. It also plays a role in thyroid hormone production and may help improve the sensitivity of thyroid hormone receptors.

What’s the recommended dosage of vitamin D for thyroid health? While individual needs may vary, many experts recommend a daily intake of 1000-2000 IU of vitamin D3 for adults. However, those with severe deficiencies may require higher doses under medical supervision.

Selenium: A Crucial Mineral for Thyroid Hormone Activation

Selenium is a trace mineral that plays a vital role in thyroid hormone metabolism and activation. Its importance in thyroid health has been recognized since the 1990s when it was identified as a component of enzymes that activate thyroid hormones.

The Role of Selenium in Thyroid Function

Selenium contributes to thyroid health in several ways:

• It is a key component of enzymes that convert T4 to the active form T3
• Selenium acts as an antioxidant, protecting the thyroid gland from oxidative stress
• It may help reduce thyroid antibodies in autoimmune thyroid disorders

Is selenium supplementation effective for thyroid disorders? Multiple studies have shown promising results for selenium supplementation in thyroid health:

• A 2016 meta-analysis found that selenium supplementation reduced thyroid antibodies in patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
• Another study showed that selenium supplementation improved quality of life and reduced anxiety in patients with autoimmune thyroiditis

What’s the recommended dosage of selenium for thyroid support? The typical recommended dose is 200-400 mcg per day. However, it’s important not to exceed this amount, as selenium can be toxic in high doses.

Iodine: Essential for Thyroid Hormone Production

Iodine is a crucial nutrient for thyroid function, as it is a key component of thyroid hormones. However, the relationship between iodine and thyroid health is complex, and both deficiency and excess can cause problems.

The Iodine-Thyroid Connection

Understanding the role of iodine in thyroid health is essential:

• Iodine is necessary for the production of thyroid hormones T3 and T4
• Iodine deficiency can lead to hypothyroidism and goiter (enlarged thyroid gland)
• Excess iodine intake can trigger or worsen autoimmune thyroid disorders in susceptible individuals

Should everyone supplement with iodine for thyroid health? Iodine supplementation is not universally recommended and can be harmful in some cases. It’s important to assess individual needs and current iodine status before considering supplementation.

How much iodine is needed for optimal thyroid function? The recommended daily allowance (RDA) for iodine is 150 mcg for most adults. Pregnant and breastfeeding women have higher requirements. Many people can meet their iodine needs through a balanced diet that includes iodized salt, seafood, and dairy products.

Zinc: Supporting Thyroid Hormone Conversion and Immune Function

Zinc is an essential mineral that plays multiple roles in thyroid health and overall metabolism. It is involved in the conversion of T4 to T3, thyroid hormone receptor function, and immune system regulation.

The Importance of Zinc for Thyroid Health

Zinc contributes to thyroid function in several ways:

• It is required for the conversion of T4 to the active T3 hormone
• Zinc helps regulate thyroid hormone receptor activity
• It supports immune function, which is important in autoimmune thyroid disorders
• Zinc acts as an antioxidant, protecting thyroid cells from oxidative stress

Can zinc supplementation improve thyroid function? Research suggests that zinc supplementation may be beneficial for thyroid health:

• A 2015 study found that zinc supplementation improved thyroid function in overweight or obese patients with hypothyroidism
• Another study showed that combined supplementation with zinc and selenium improved thyroid function in patients with autoimmune thyroiditis

What’s the recommended dosage of zinc for thyroid support? The typical recommended dose is 15-30 mg per day. However, it’s important to balance zinc intake with copper, as high doses of zinc can interfere with copper absorption.

Probiotics: Balancing Gut Health for Optimal Thyroid Function

The connection between gut health and thyroid function has gained significant attention in recent years. Probiotics, beneficial bacteria that support digestive health, may play a role in improving thyroid function and reducing inflammation associated with autoimmune thyroid disorders.

The Gut-Thyroid Axis

Understanding the relationship between gut health and thyroid function is crucial:

• The gut microbiome influences thyroid hormone conversion and absorption
• Gut dysbiosis (imbalance of gut bacteria) is common in autoimmune thyroid disorders
• Probiotics may help reduce inflammation and modulate the immune system

How can probiotics support thyroid health? Probiotics may benefit thyroid function in several ways:

• Improving nutrient absorption, including minerals essential for thyroid function
• Reducing inflammation and oxidative stress
• Modulating the immune system, potentially reducing thyroid antibodies in autoimmune disorders
• Supporting the conversion of T4 to T3 in the gut

What types of probiotics are best for thyroid health? While research is ongoing, some strains that have shown promise include Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium species. A high-quality, multi-strain probiotic supplement may be beneficial for overall gut and thyroid health.

Additional Natural Supplements for Thyroid Support

In addition to the key nutrients discussed above, several other natural supplements have shown potential benefits for thyroid health:

DIM (Diindolylmethane)

DIM is a compound found in cruciferous vegetables that may help support healthy estrogen metabolism. This is relevant to thyroid health because estrogen dominance can interfere with thyroid function. DIM supplementation may help balance hormone levels and support overall thyroid health.

Glutathione

Glutathione is a powerful antioxidant that plays a crucial role in protecting thyroid cells from oxidative stress. It may be particularly beneficial for individuals with autoimmune thyroid disorders, as oxidative stress is often elevated in these conditions.

Green Tea Extract

Green tea extract, rich in antioxidants called catechins, may support thyroid health by reducing inflammation and protecting against oxidative stress. Some studies suggest that green tea extract may help improve thyroid function in patients with autoimmune thyroiditis.

Curcumin

Curcumin, the active compound in turmeric, has potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. It may help reduce inflammation associated with thyroid disorders and support overall thyroid health. Some research suggests that curcumin may also help reduce thyroid antibodies in autoimmune thyroiditis.

Ashwagandha

Ashwagandha is an adaptogenic herb that has been used in traditional Ayurvedic medicine for centuries. It may help support thyroid function by reducing stress, balancing cortisol levels, and potentially improving thyroid hormone production. Some studies have shown that ashwagandha supplementation can improve thyroid hormone levels in subclinical hypothyroidism.

How should these additional supplements be used for thyroid support? As with all supplements, it’s important to consult with a healthcare provider before adding these to your regimen. They may recommend specific dosages and combinations based on your individual needs and thyroid condition.

Creating a Comprehensive Approach to Thyroid Health

While natural supplements can play a significant role in supporting thyroid health, it’s essential to remember that they are just one part of a comprehensive approach to managing thyroid disorders. A holistic strategy should include:

• A nutrient-dense, anti-inflammatory diet
• Stress management techniques
• Regular exercise appropriate for your energy levels
• Adequate sleep and rest
• Reduction of environmental toxins
• Regular thyroid function monitoring

How can you determine the best supplement regimen for your thyroid health? The most effective approach is to work with a healthcare provider who specializes in thyroid disorders and functional medicine. They can assess your individual needs, run appropriate tests, and create a personalized plan that may include targeted supplementation.

Is it possible to reverse thyroid disorders naturally? In some cases, addressing underlying causes and supporting overall health through natural means can lead to significant improvements in thyroid function. However, this should always be done under medical supervision, especially if you’re currently taking thyroid medication.

By combining evidence-based natural supplements with a holistic approach to health, many individuals with thyroid disorders have found relief from symptoms and improved overall well-being. Remember that thyroid health is complex and individual, so what works for one person may not work for another. Patience, persistence, and professional guidance are key to finding the right balance for your thyroid health.

10 Best Thyroid Supplements In 2023

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Table of Contents

Dietary supplements for thyroid health can address underlying nutrient deficiencies, stress, and hormonal imbalances, all of which can be root causes of a thyroid disorder.

Approaching hypothyroidism with supplements, in addition to lifestyle changes, can often help people to avoid the need for medications in the future.

We’ll talk about diagnosing the different root causes of thyroid disorders later in this article. Or you can check out this post about diagnosing primary hypothyroidism. Spoiler: Our blood tests measure more than just TSH thyroid hormone levels to determine if you have a healthy thyroid.

Note: It’s critical not to confuse hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. Hypothyroidism describes an underactive thyroid. Hyperthyroidism is when your thyroid is overactive. Each condition features different symptoms, but both can be caused by different autoimmune issues.  

In this article, we’ll clarify which condition each supplement is known to address. In some cases, it’s both!

If you’re struggling with hypothyroidism, schedule a free phone consultation with us. Our patients prove that, often, hypothyroidism can be permanently reversed.

Natural vs. Synthetic Treatments

There are both natural and synthetic options to balance the thyroid. We typically recommend natural thyroid supplements as part of an integrative approach to health, rather than starting with prescription medications.

The term “synthetic thyroid treatments” typically refers to levothyroxine — synthesized T4 that looks and acts like the T4 made in your thyroid gland. To avoid confusion, know that levothyroxine is a thyroid medication, though some incorrectly call it a “synthetic thyroid supplement.”

What is the difference between natural and synthetic thyroid treatments? Synthetic thyroid treatments (medications) are man-made and must be prescribed by a doctor. Natural supplements are found in nature and may be taken without the advice of a physician (though we recommend talking to your healthcare provider before starting any new supplements).

Natural Thyroid Treatments

How can I boost my thyroid naturally? You can boost your thyroid naturally by reducing stress, reducing allergens and toxins from your daily life, and taking science-backed supplements targeted at the underlying cause(s) for your specific case of thyroid dysfunction.

Natural thyroid supplements are not perfect. Many dietary supplements that are marketed to naturally boost thyroid health actually contain thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) without listing them as ingredients. It’s important to know what’s in your supplements!

It’s also common for patients to “DIY” their own “natural thyroid treatments” by choosing supplements they think will work for their condition. However, this can be dangerous. 

As a functionally minded healthcare provider, I only recommend supplements to patients based on their individual needs, deficiencies, and other factors.

10 Natural Thyroid Supplements

The top 10 natural thyroid supplements that may help your symptoms include:

• Vitamin D
• Selenium
• Iodine
• Zinc
• Probiotics
• DIM
• Glutathione
• Green tea extract
• Curcumin
• Ashwagandha

It is critical to consider the root cause and type of thyroid condition before taking any supplements. We recommend speaking to your doctor or contacting us to create the best plan for your individual health.

What are some pros of taking thyroid supplements? The pros of taking thyroid supplements include science-backed benefits that can treat the underlying cause of your thyroid disorder. Natural thyroid supplements typically boast lesser side effects than medications.

Check out these research-based supplements for various root causes of abnormal thyroid function.

Vitamin D

Vitamin D is a hormone your body naturally produces. However, a large portion of the population is deficient in vitamin D, due in part to our indoor lifestyles. This vitamin deficiency may lead to an underactive thyroid.

Traditionally, scientists believed that vitamin D was mainly linked to autoimmune thyroiditis, but a 2020 study found that even non-autoimmune hypothyroidism was associated with vitamin D deficiency.

This 2018 study shows that Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and vitamin D deficiency are inextricably linked.

A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial showed that vitamin D improved TSH levels and calcium levels in hypothyroid patients. Multivitamins including vitamin D may also be a good idea. 

For medical-grade, 3rd-party tested Vitamin D, check out our Prime D + K.

Selenium

“In the 1990s, selenium was identified as a component of an enzyme that activates thyroid hormone,” says a 2020 study published in Nature Reviews Endocrinology. Since then, selenium deficiency has been studied as a common cause of thyroid disorders.

Selenium seems to be an excellent answer to both Graves’ disease (autoimmune hyperthyroidism) and Hashimoto’s disease (autoimmune hypothyroidism).

It may help fight postpartum thyroiditis, which occurs when new mothers experience abnormal thyroid function.

Iodine

Moderate amounts of iodine supplements can help prevent autoimmune diseases like Hashimoto’s and Graves’ — and may reduce symptoms of hypothyroidism.

Your body cannot produce iodine on its own, so it depends on dietary iodine to produce and secrete thyroid hormones, T3 and T4. Iodized salt is just salt fortified with iodine — a large-scale effort to reduce goiters in the American population that began in 1924.

Iodine shows promise for treating hyperthyroidism as well. In cases of Graves’ disease, when patients cannot take antithyroid medications due to side effects, potassium iodide has been used to control thyroid activity successfully. Iodine can acutely inhibit hormonal secretion.

Radioactive iodine is a treatment for hyperthyroidism that is gaining popularity. However, radioactive iodine is very different from iodine supplements — talk to specialists to find out more about this treatment option.

Iodine deficiency is also a leading cause of goiters, a thyroid disorder. Iodine is a standard treatment for goiters.

Be warned, though. Even if iodine is a common treatment for thyroid disorders, too much iodine can trigger thyroid problems. This should be taken with medical supervision.

Zinc

Zinc is an essential mineral in the production of thyroid hormones T3, T4, and TSH. A zinc deficiency can lead to hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism. If you are low on zinc, a zinc supplement could help to treat your thyroid disorder.

It’s worth noting that zinc deficiency could be a symptom or a cause of hypothyroidism. It works both ways, complicating the diagnostic process.

Zinc is often paired with magnesium, selenium, or even copper for optimal results. However, we recommend only taking mineral supplements you know that you are deficient in, so please seek out testing through your healthcare provider. 

At PrimeHealth, testing for these nutrients is standard, as they play such a huge role in health, especially of the thyroid. 

For medical-grade, 3rd-party tested Zinc, check out Prime Zinc.

Probiotics

Leaky gut syndrome is a common root cause of hypothyroidism. Probiotics are a common and proven treatment for leaky gut, also known as intestinal permeability.

Probiotics treat leaky gut, which is a significant risk factor for Hashimoto’s hypothyroidism. If an endocrinologist or other healthcare professional believes that you may have leaky gut syndrome, probiotics can be a great supplement to add.

Be careful about using probiotics if you have SIBO. This means that intestinal bacteria linger in the small intestine, causing an overgrowth, and adding probiotics could potentially make this situation worse. Probiotics provide full benefit when they occupy your large intestine, not your small intestine.

DIM

Diindolylmethane (DIM) is a supplement typically used to treat female hormone imbalance, most notably estrogen dominance. DIM can aid female patients suffering from hormone-related thyroid problems.

Other studies show that DIM has regulated hormone levels in women with various conditions.

We also often recommend chasteberry for women with hormonal imbalance.

Glutathione

Glutathione fights oxidative stress that may increase the severity of hypothyroidism if left unchecked. Glutathione is a superb antioxidant. If inflammation is triggering your autoimmunity, glutathione is a great supplement.

A deficiency of glutathione can lead to hypothyroidism. Whether you’re deficient or not, glutathione may improve your thyroid health.

N-acetylcysteine is a precursor to glutathione. As a supplement, N-acetylcysteine can also help fight inflammation and free radicals.

Green Tea

Green tea contains a catechin called epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG). EGCG is a powerful antioxidant that benefits you in similar ways to glutathione.

This 2018 study shows how EGCG protects against autoimmune thyroid disorders via its anti-inflammatory properties.

Because green tea contains caffeine, there are potential side effects like insomnia if you consume caffeine too late in the day.

Curcumin

Curcumin is a powerful antioxidant known for its anti-inflammatory properties that helps treat osteoarthritis. However, curcumin’s anti-inflammatory properties may also fight against autoimmune diseases, like Hashimoto’s.

Taking curcumin with other anti-inflammatory compounds could help reduce the size of thyroid nodules, which are symptoms of hypothyroidism.

Turmeric in the diet should help increase your curcumin intake. However, it’s worth mentioning that the bioavailability of curcumin in turmeric is very low — meaning your body doesn’t absorb much curcumin. Your digestive tract destroys most of the curcumin in turmeric.

Liposomal curcumin is a novel approach to solving the bioavailability problem. Liposomes deliver curcumin (or whatever is contained within) directly to your cells, cleverly avoiding destruction in your digestive tract by mimicking a natural cell wall.

Ashwagandha

Ashwagandha is a common treatment in ancient Ayurvedic medicine. Studies show that ashwagandha is an effective treatment for hypothyroidism. 

Ashwagandha is considered an adaptogenic herb, which helps the adrenal glands adapt to the stress that you are experiencing. Since the adrenal glands and thyroid are so intricately connected, it’s no surprise that supplements that nourish the adrenals can also help support thyroid function.

Science reveals that ashwagandha offers a lot of thyroid support and can help fight and prevent thyroid disease.

Supplements For Underlying Issues

In order to take the right supplements for thyroid problems, you need to know what underlying issues are triggering your thyroid condition.

When should you take thyroid supplements? You should take thyroid supplements when lifestyle and dietary changes haven’t led to the healing you were hoping for.

Let a qualified healthcare provider diagnose the root cause of your thyroid condition, and have a conversation with the healthcare expert about whether a supplement is suitable for your situation.

Below, supplements are broken down by which root cause of thyroid disorder they treat.

Hashimoto’s Disease

Also called Hashimoto’s thyroiditis or autoimmune thyroiditis, Hashimoto’s disease is an autoimmune disorder that leads to hypothyroidism, which can cause weight gain, fatigue, cold sensitivity, and constipation.

It has many potential root causes, so it is essential to diagnose the underlying cause(s) before treatment or supplementation.

The most common causes of Hashimoto’s disease (and the supplements to address each) are:

• Hormone imbalance — If any of your hormone levels are imbalanced, this may trigger Hashimoto’s disease. The best supplements for hormone imbalance are chasteberry and DIM.
• Leaky gut — When your intestines are chronically inflamed, your intestines might allow toxins to escape from the gut into the bloodstream. Leaky gut is both a cause and a symptom of hypothyroidism. The best supplements for leaky gut are probiotics, zinc, and curcumin. To heal your gut with the help of a PrimeHealth expert, join our online Prime Gut Health course.
• Infections — Tick-borne infections (like Lyme disease), viral infections (like Epstein-Barr), or gut infections like SIBO, may cause Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. Some of the best supplements for infections are vitamins C and D, zinc, and green tea extract.
• Toxin exposure — Harmful toxins can mess with your body, particularly your thyroid gland. Watch out for heavy metal exposure, mold toxins, and industrial chemicals. Supplements to help fight toxin exposure include glutathione, milk thistle, and zinc.
• Nutrient deficiency — Nutrient deficiencies could lead to Hashimoto’s. Dietary supplementation can treat these deficiencies. The most commonly seen deficiencies include vitamin D, zinc, iron,  selenium, and iodine. Other (less common) deficiencies to look for are in vitamin B12, folate, and L-tyrosine, an amino acid.

Graves’ Disease

Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder that triggers an overactive thyroid, or  hyperthyroidism, which can lead to weight loss, anxiety, insomnia, heat sensitivity, and diarrhea.

Like Hashimoto’s, you need to know the underlying cause of your Graves’ disease before treatment or supplementation.

Common hyperthyroidism supplements and Graves’ disease supplements include:

• Iodine
• L-carnitine and selenium
• Bugleweed and lemon balm
• Glucomannan
• Vitamin B12 (if deficient)

Risks Of Thyroid Supplements

What are the side effects of thyroid supplements? Though rare, many natural thyroid supplements do have side effects. Always speak with your healthcare provider about which supplements you should stop or initiate during pregnancy, as this changes your needs.

• Too much vitamin D can lead to hypercalcemia, stomach discomfort, kidney injury, and bone loss. But we’re talking a lot of vitamin D. Most people do best to take around 5,000 IU of vitamin D3 daily.
• Severe selenium side effects may include metallic taste, tenderness, fatigue, hair loss, and nausea. These indicate serious problems, and you should consult a doctor if any of these side effects occur.
• Iodine supplementation may lead to overconsumption of iodine, which could cause nausea and stomach pain. Too much iodine can lead to worsening thyroid illness.
• Too much zinc can cause heavy metal toxicity, nausea, diarrhea, metallic taste, kidney problems, and stomach damage.
• Probiotics aren’t the best option for patients with SIBO. Probiotics’ side effects include digestive distress and flatulence.
• DIM may trigger side effects, such as headache, nausea, and diarrhea.
• Glutathione doesn’t have many potential side effects, but long-term glutathione supplementation has been linked with zinc deficiency. You may consider combining zinc with glutathione supplements.
• Green tea extract can cause insomnia, increased heart rate, and nervousness because of its caffeine content. Excessive doses of EGCG could lead to liver or kidney problems, as well as low blood sugar.
• Curcumin can cause digestive distress, even at relatively low levels. This is common, but uncomfortable. Your stool may also turn yellow.

Nutrition For Thyroid Health

Of course, eating healthier can improve your overall wellness, possibly even your thyroid conditions. Food allergens and toxins can trigger Hashimoto’s hypothyroidism.

If you can fix your condition with dietary changes, you don’t really need dietary supplements.

A healthy diet can eliminate toxins, lessen inflammation, and regulate hormones to help with thyroid issues. Our guide to a hypothyroidism diet can help you get started!

Some experts (us included) suggest the Autoimmune Paleo (AIP) diet for 3-6 months to eliminate and identify potential inflammatory triggers from your diet. If your thyroid disorder improves, we know it was due to food triggers.

Once your condition improves, we will slowly reintroduce foods into your diet. If your condition worsens after adding a certain food, we will re-eliminate the food from your diet.

Pregnant women should not adhere to the Autoimmune Paleo diet. 

Key Takeaways

Reversing your hypothyroidism depends on many factors, including lifestyle changes, dietary adjustments, and stress reduction. As part of these changes, supplements like iodine or vitamin D can play a part in your journey to hypothyroidism healing.

We don’t believe prescription medications should be the first response to thyroid disease. Natural options can produce excellent results by addressing the root cause of your illness.

If you’re interested in hypothyroidism supplements, check out our online store. Or, if you want to talk to a medical professional to see how we can help, schedule your free phone consultation right away.

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28. Gannon, J. M., Forrest, P. E., & Chengappa, K. R. (2014). Subtle changes in thyroid indices during a placebo-controlled study of an extract of Withania somnifera in persons with bipolar disorder. Journal of Ayurveda and integrative medicine, 5(4), 241.
29. Kapil, U. (2007). Health consequences of iodine deficiency. Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal, 7(3), 267.
30. Nordio, M. (2017). A novel treatment for subclinical hyperthyroidism: a pilot study on the beneficial effects of l-carnitine and selenium. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci, 21(9), 2268-2273.
31. Kaplan, D., & Dosiou, C. (2021). Two Cases of Graves’ Hyperthyroidism Treated With Homeopathic Remedies Containing Herbal Extracts from Lycopus spp. and Melissa officinalis. Journal of the Endocrine Society, 5(Supplement_1), A971-A971.
32. Azezli, A. D., Bayraktaroglu, T., & Orhan, Y. (2007). The use of konjac glucomannan to lower serum thyroid hormones in hyperthyroidism. Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 26(6), 663-668.

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Supplements and Thyroid Health: What to Know

Thyroid conditions, including hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, and thyroid cancer, are common. For example, up to 7% of the U.S. population has hypothyroidism, a condition in which your thyroid doesn’t produce enough thyroid hormones (1).

Depending on the type of disease, thyroid conditions are typically treated with medications like thyroid hormone replacement, surgery, and other procedures, such as radiation therapy for thyroid cancer.

In addition to conventional treatments for thyroid conditions, research shows that dietary interventions, including supplements, may help treat certain thyroid diseases.

However, certain supplements may do more harm than good when it comes to thyroid health.

This article explains how supplements may help certain people with thyroid-related health conditions.

If you walk down the supplement aisle of your favorite health food store, you’ll likely see a section dedicated to thyroid health.

Due to the prevalence of thyroid conditions, many supplement companies have started making supplements that are designed to “support thyroid health.”

Although some of these products are harmless, certain thyroid supplements may lead to negative side effects and can even harm your thyroid.

Before addressing why thyroid-specific supplements may not be the best choice for everyone, it’s important to explain what nutrients the thyroid needs for optimal functioning. Here are some of the most important nutrients for thyroid health:

• Selenium. Selenium, a mineral needed for thyroid hormone production, helps protect the thyroid from damage caused by oxidative stress. The thyroid contains high amounts of selenium, and a deficiency can lead to thyroid dysfunction (2).
• Iodine. Iodine is critical for thyroid function. In fact, currently, the only known role of iodine is to support thyroid hormone production. Triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) are thyroid hormones that contain iodine. Iodine deficiency causes thyroid disease (3, 4).
• Zinc. The mineral zinc is required for thyroid hormone production. An optimal concentration of zinc is needed for healthy levels of T3, T4, and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) (5).
• Iron. The thyroid needs iron to convert T4 into T3, the active form of thyroid hormone. Iron deficiency is associated with thyroid dysfunction (6).

Other nutrients, including B vitamins and vitamins A and E, are also needed for optimal thyroid function. Being deficient in one or more nutrients can negatively affect thyroid health and increase your risk of thyroid disease (7, 8, 9, 10).

For most people, following a nutrient-dense diet rich in whole foods is enough to maintain optimal thyroid function.

However, certain populations may need to supplement their diet with vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients to maintain overall health, including the health of the thyroid.

These populations include people on restrictive diets, people who are pregnant or breastfeeding, and those who have a thyroid condition or other health issues.

Should you take thyroid-specific supplements?

There’s no doubt that a nutritious diet that provides optimal nutrient levels is important for maintaining thyroid health, nor that nutrient deficiencies can lead to thyroid issues.

Still, for people who don’t have thyroid issues and follow a well-balanced, nutrient-dense diet, there’s typically no need to take thyroid-specific supplements.

In fact, certain supplements marketed toward those looking to promote thyroid health may be dangerous to take.

For example, many thyroid supplements contain high amounts of iodine and may contain thyroid hormones. Taking these supplements can lead to dangerous side effects and create thyroid issues in people with healthy thyroid function (11).

One study that analyzed 10 thyroid supplements found that the majority of them contained detectable amounts of T3 and T4. Some of the products tested contained more T3 and T4 than healthcare providers typically prescribe to people with hypothyroidism (11).

Taking these supplements may lead to elevated thyroid hormone levels in the blood and cause symptoms of hyperthyroidism, which can lead to dangerous complications (12, 13, 14).

What’s more, excessive iodine intake from supplements may cause hypothyroidism in susceptible individuals (12, 13, 14).

Thyroid supplements may be unsafe for people who have thyroid conditions, too.

This is because people with thyroid issues have specific needs, and taking supplements marketed to enhance thyroid health may negatively affect thyroid function, causing their health and symptoms to worsen.

As such, people with and without thyroid conditions should avoid taking supplements marketed to promote thyroid health. Instead, work with a practitioner to come up with a healthy and safe plan that’s based on your specific needs and health status.

Summary

It’s a smart idea to stay away from dietary supplements marketed to improve thyroid health. These products can cause health issues in people with and without thyroid disease.

Hashimoto’s disease is the most common cause of hypothyroidism in the United States. It’s an autoimmune disease in which the immune system produces antibodies that attack the thyroid, causing fibrosis or scarring of the thyroid tissue (15).

Hashimoto’s disease is associated with a variety of symptoms, including weight gain, fatigue, hair loss, anemia, constipation, cold intolerance, joint pain, dry skin, mood changes, difficulty concentrating, and more (15).

In addition to medication, diet and lifestyle modification can help reduce thyroid damage and improve symptoms and overall quality of life in people with Hashimoto’s.

Plus, people with Hashimoto’s disease are more likely to be deficient in certain nutrients, which can worsen Hashimoto’s-related symptoms.

Studies show that the following supplements can be beneficial for those with Hashimoto’s disease:

• Selenium. Studies have shown that supplementing with 200 mcg of selenium per day may help decrease thyroid antibodies and improve mood in people with Hashimoto’s (16, 17).
• Myo-Inositol. Inositol is a type of sugar that plays an important role in thyroid function. Some evidence suggests that daily treatment with 600 mg of Myo-Inositol and 83 mcg of selenium may help improve thyroid function in people with Hashimoto’s (18, 19).
• Zinc. Zinc is needed for thyroid hormone production, and a deficiency can result in hypothyroidism. When used alone or in combination with selenium, 30 mg of zinc per day may help enhance thyroid function in people with Hashimoto’s disease (20, 21).
• Vitamin B12. Vitamin B12 deficiency is common in people with Hashimoto’s disease. Taking a B12 or B complex supplement can help prevent and treat deficiency, as well as maintain optimal B12 levels (22, 23).
• Magnesium. A magnesium deficiency may increase your risk of developing Hashimoto’s disease and is associated with elevated thyroid antibody levels. Correcting magnesium deficiency may improve Hashimoto’s symptoms (24, 25).
• Iron. Many women with Hashimoto’s disease have low iron levels or iron deficiency anemia. Anemia negatively affects thyroid function. An iron supplement may be necessary to restore iron to optimal levels (26).
• Vitamin D. People with Hashimoto’s disease are more likely to be deficient in vitamin D than the general population, and vitamin D deficiency can have an adverse effect on thyroid function (22, 27).
• Curcumin. Curcumin may help protect your thyroid against oxidative damage. Plus, taking curcumin alongside other anti-inflammatory compounds may help reduce the size of thyroid nodules, which are common in Hashimoto’s disease (28, 29).
• Vitamin C. Research suggests that taking a vitamin C supplement may help reduce thyroid antibodies in people with Hashimoto’s disease (30).

Other supplements may help people with Hashimoto’s as well. However, the supplements above have the most research to support their use in the management of Hashimoto’s disease.

Summary

Research suggests that certain supplements, including selenium, zinc, iron, and vitamins D and B12, may be beneficial for people with Hashimoto’s disease.

Graves’ disease is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism in the United States. Like Hashimoto’s disease, it’s considered an autoimmune condition.

In Graves’ disease, the immune system attacks your thyroid, causing it to overproduce thyroid hormones. Graves’ disease can also lead to thyromegaly or an enlarged thyroid (31).

Symptoms associated with Graves’ disease include weight loss, heart palpitations, shortness of breath, diarrhea, eye pain and irritation, fatigue, weakness, menstrual irregularities, insomnia, nervousness, and more (32).

Current treatment of Graves’ disease includes surgery, medication, and radioactive iodine therapy (RAI) (32).

Like Hashimoto’s disease, some research shows that dietary modifications may help improve symptoms and quality of life in people with Graves’ disease (33).

The following supplements may help people with Graves’ disease:

• Selenium. Selenium deficiency can raise your risk of Graves’ disease. A review found selenium supplements in daily dosages of 100–300 mcg led to improved thyroid function at 6 months in people with Graves’ disease, but this effect was lost at 9 months (34).
• Vitamin D. Research shows that people with Graves’ disease are more likely to be deficient in vitamin D than the general population. Correcting deficiency by taking a supplement may improve thyroid function (35, 36, 37).
• L-carnitine. Research has found that hyperthyroidism depletes your body’s stores of carnitine, which plays a critical role in energy production. Taking L-carnitine may help reduce symptoms and improve quality of life in people with hyperthyroidism (38, 39).
• Vitamin B12. People with Graves’ disease are at a greater risk of developing a vitamin B12 deficiency. Taking a high quality B12 or B complex supplement can help maintain healthy B12 levels (40, 41, 42).

Other supplements may help people with Graves’ disease. Work with a knowledgeable healthcare practitioner to develop a supplement regimen that’s right for you.

Summary

According to research, vitamin D, selenium, L-carnitine, and vitamin B12 may help people with Graves’ disease.

Thyroid cancer is considered a rare type of cancer, accounting for just 1–4% of all cancers in the United States. Cancers that stem from follicular cells in the thyroid account for up to 95% of all thyroid cancers (43).

Treatment for thyroid cancer includes surgical resection, radiation therapy, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) suppression, radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy, total thyroidectomy, and palliative care management for untreatable thyroid cancer.

In addition to traditional treatment, diet, supplements, and lifestyle modifications may enhance treatment outcomes and improve quality of life in people with thyroid cancer.

Some animal and test-tube research suggests that omega-3 fats, curcumin, L-carnitine, quercetin, melatonin, resveratrol, selenium, inositol, zinc, and vitamins C, E, A, and D may benefit those with thyroid cancer (44, 45, 46).

Additionally, low iodine intake is linked to an increased risk of thyroid cancer, and research suggests that correcting iodine deficiency can help protect against the development of more aggressive forms of thyroid cancer (47).

However, although many of these nutrients, including vitamin D and selenium, are known to have anticancer effects, there’s currently a lack of human studies investigating the effects of these dietary supplements in people with thyroid cancer (47, 48).

Therefore, more studies are needed before these supplements can be routinely recommended for people with thyroid cancer (47, 49).

The best way to determine the best supplement regimen for your specific needs is to consult your healthcare provider.

Oftentimes, either your healthcare provider or a registered dietitian that specializes in oncology nutrition will recommend supplements depending on your diet, overall health, and what treatments you’re currently undergoing for thyroid cancer.

Summary

Although research suggests that some supplements may benefit people with thyroid cancer, human research is lacking. To ensure your safety, it’s best to check with your medical provider before taking any supplements.

As mentioned above, it’s best to avoid thyroid-specific supplement blends unless they’re specifically recommended by your healthcare provider.

Taking these supplements can harm your thyroid and lead to a thyroid condition (11, 12, 13, 14).

Still, there are many vitamins, minerals, and other dietary supplements that have been shown to improve thyroid function, reduce disease symptoms, and improve overall quality of life in people with thyroid disease.

For people who have Hashimoto’s disease, Graves’ disease, thyroid cancer, or other condition that affects the thyroid gland, it’s best to work with a qualified healthcare provider who specializes in thyroid conditions.

This is especially important if you’re currently taking medications. Many supplements, especially herbal products, have the potential to interact with commonly prescribed medications and may lead to dangerous side effects.

Lastly, it’s important to always purchase supplements from trusted brands that independently test their products for quality and purity using organizations like USP and NSF International.

Summary

If you’re interested in taking supplements to treat a thyroid condition, it’s important to work with a qualified healthcare provider. They can help you choose supplements based on your specific needs and health status.

Research shows that some vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients may benefit people with certain thyroid conditions.

However, it’s important to develop a supplement regimen based on your specific needs and health issues.

If you’re interested in treating a thyroid condition with supplements, it’s important to work with a qualified healthcare provider to ensure safety and effectiveness.

Useful supplement shopping guides

Check out these two articles to help make supplement shopping a breeze:

• How to Choose High Quality Vitamins and Supplements
• How to Read Supplement Labels Like a Pro

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What vitamins should be paid attention to in case of hypothyroidism?

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Important facts to know about autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) and hypothyroidism

What can we advise you?

Nowadays it is considered the most common of all diseases of the thyroid gland.

Unfortunately, you can hear that AIT is not treated in any way, and as long as the function of the thyroid gland is not impaired, it is not necessary to support the thyroid gland. This is wrong!

Here are some important facts you need to know about AIT and hypothyroidism.

1. When taking L-thyroxine, Eutherox, it is important to know that iron, calcium, multivitamin preparations should be taken no earlier than 4 hours after it.

2. When detecting hypothyroidism and AIT, it is important to check the level of ferritin in the blood (determines iron stores in the body). It is in violation of the function of the thyroid gland that iron deficiency often develops in the body, even with a normal level of hemoglobin in the blood.

The success of all thyroxin therapy can occur at a ferritin level of 50-70 mcg/l.

With a decrease in the level of ferritin, the hormone T4 in excess passes into reverse (inactive) T3, which slows down metabolism, increased hair loss, constant fatigue, even with the right dosage of thyroxin.

3. With AIT , it is necessary to limit soy and millet , due to the isoflavones (phytoestrogens) they contain, which prevent the conversion of the hormone T4 to T3. Many menopause (estrogen deficiency) medications contain soy isoflavones.

4. With AIT, vitamin D deficiency is most often formed , which leads to increased calcium leaching from the skeletal system (decrease in bone density) – osteoparosis, increased risk of urolithiasis and cholelithiasis. Vitamin D deficiency also affects the decrease in metabolic processes in the body – a tendency to rapid weight gain, a decrease in immunity in the fight against infections and a decrease in antitumor immunity is formed.

Therefore, it is very important to regularly check the level of 25 (OH) D in the body (normal > 75 nmol / l or 40 ng / ml) and not allow a deficiency to form.

5. Selenium is a very important trace element in the proper functioning of the thyroid gland. Prevents the development of autoimmune reactions. We recommend taking selenium at 100mcg/day for 2 months to protect thyroid cells from antibody attack.

6. Artificial sweeteners are harmful in AIT and other autoimmune diseases, they increase the level of TSH and antibodies to the thyroid gland.

7. Often AIT affects the early decline in ovarian reserve in women. Therefore, with AIT, it is important to determine your level of Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH) at the age of 20-25 years and to know your unique reserve of eggs. If it is not possible to plan a pregnancy, it is important to save your egg supply in order to be able to conceive children in the future.

8. The effect of AIT on pancreatic cells and insulin production was established. A moderate-carbohydrate diet should be followed in order to reduce the desire to consume a lot of sweets, and to prevent the development of insulin resistance, which destroys the thyroid gland.

9. If thyroid antibodies are detected, it is important to limit the use of direct immunostimulants . Since these drugs, instead of strengthening the immune system, can greatly exacerbate the reaction of your immune system against the thyroid gland.

10. Underactive thyroid causes cells to overreact to estrogen. This may increase the effect of estrogen on the development of hormone-dependent formations in the mammary glands, uterus, endometrium. It is very important for women with AIT to remember such an increase in the risk group and be sure to regularly undergo ultrasound of the mammary glands and small pelvis, and a cytological examination.

11. Very often dysfunction of the thyroid gland , the development of AIT may be associated with the accumulation of homocysteine ​​and improper breakdown of folic acid and vitamin B12 in the body.

We highly recommend determining the MTHFR C677T and A1298C mutation rate in AIT. This analysis is given once in a lifetime and helps to take into account the correct support of the thyroid gland.

People with a broken MTHFR gene have an impaired ability to produce the MTHFR enzyme. This makes it difficult to remove not only synthetic folic acid, but also other substances such as heavy metals. A genetic disorder in the ability to break down folic acid (vitamin B9) and B12 leads to the development of an iron deficiency state, disruption of the thyroid gland, an earlier decrease in the supply of eggs in women (decrease in ovarian reserve), a decrease in egg quality and an indicator of embryo crushing. May increase the development of neoplasms and the tendency to develop high blood pressure.

For the MTHFR gene disorder, we recommend taking split (bioavailable form of folic acid and vitamin B12) methylfolate (metafolin) and methyl -B12 .

12. Zinc is involved in the production of thyroid hormones. It has been proven that increasing the content of zinc in the diet leads to an improvement in thyroid function, and zinc deficiency exacerbates the manifestations of iodine deficiency.

Magnesium is very important for the proper functioning of the thyroid gland.

Without magnesium, many thyroid enzymes cannot function properly.

Vitamin A can significantly lower TSH levels and increase T3, which is the strongest thyroid hormone. Protects the thyroid gland by reducing the autoimmune response.

It is really important for AIT to limit lactose intake (remove dairy products based on cow’s milk from the diet) and gluten wheat, oats, rye, barley.

Read a detailed article on nutrition for thyroid diseases (autoimmune protocol) here.

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